Script: *install-powershell.ps1* ======================== By default, the latest PowerShell release package will be installed. If '-Daily' is specified, then the latest PowerShell daily package will be installed. Parameters ---------- ```powershell PS> ./install-powershell.ps1 [-Destination ] [-Daily] [-DoNotOverwrite] [-AddToPath] [-Preview] [] PS> ./install-powershell.ps1 [-UseMSI] [-Quiet] [-AddExplorerContextMenu] [-EnablePSRemoting] [-Preview] [] -Destination The destination path to install PowerShell to. Required? false Position? named Default value Accept pipeline input? false Accept wildcard characters? false -Daily [] Install PowerShell from the daily build. Note that the 'PackageManagement' module is required to install a daily package. Required? false Position? named Default value False Accept pipeline input? false Accept wildcard characters? false -DoNotOverwrite [] Do not overwrite the destination folder if it already exists. Required? false Position? named Default value False Accept pipeline input? false Accept wildcard characters? false -AddToPath [] On Windows, add the absolute destination path to the 'User' scope environment variable 'Path'; On Linux, make the symlink '/usr/bin/pwsh' points to "$Destination/pwsh"; On MacOS, make the symlink '/usr/local/bin/pwsh' points to "$Destination/pwsh". Required? false Position? named Default value False Accept pipeline input? false Accept wildcard characters? false -UseMSI [] Required? false Position? named Default value False Accept pipeline input? false Accept wildcard characters? false -Quiet [] Required? false Position? named Default value False Accept pipeline input? false Accept wildcard characters? false -AddExplorerContextMenu [] Required? false Position? named Default value False Accept pipeline input? false Accept wildcard characters? false -EnablePSRemoting [] Required? false Position? named Default value False Accept pipeline input? false Accept wildcard characters? false -Preview [] Required? false Position? named Default value False Accept pipeline input? false Accept wildcard characters? false [] This script supports the common parameters: Verbose, Debug, ErrorAction, ErrorVariable, WarningAction, WarningVariable, OutBuffer, PipelineVariable, and OutVariable. ``` Example ------- ```powershell PS > Install the daily build .\install-powershell.ps1 -Daily ``` Example ------- ```powershell PS > Invoke this script directly from GitHub Invoke-Expression "& { $(Invoke-RestMethod 'https://aka.ms/install-powershell.ps1') } -daily" ``` Script Content -------------- ```powershell <# .Synopsis Install PowerShell on Windows, Linux or macOS. .DESCRIPTION By default, the latest PowerShell release package will be installed. If '-Daily' is specified, then the latest PowerShell daily package will be installed. .Parameter Destination The destination path to install PowerShell to. .Parameter Daily Install PowerShell from the daily build. Note that the 'PackageManagement' module is required to install a daily package. .Parameter DoNotOverwrite Do not overwrite the destination folder if it already exists. .Parameter AddToPath On Windows, add the absolute destination path to the 'User' scope environment variable 'Path'; On Linux, make the symlink '/usr/bin/pwsh' points to "$Destination/pwsh"; On MacOS, make the symlink '/usr/local/bin/pwsh' points to "$Destination/pwsh". .EXAMPLE Install the daily build .\install-powershell.ps1 -Daily .EXAMPLE Invoke this script directly from GitHub Invoke-Expression "& { $(Invoke-RestMethod 'https://aka.ms/install-powershell.ps1') } -daily" #> [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Daily")] param( [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Daily")] [string] $Destination, [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Daily")] [switch] $Daily, [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Daily")] [switch] $DoNotOverwrite, [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Daily")] [switch] $AddToPath, [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "MSI")] [switch] $UseMSI, [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "MSI")] [switch] $Quiet, [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "MSI")] [switch] $AddExplorerContextMenu, [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "MSI")] [switch] $EnablePSRemoting, [Parameter()] [switch] $Preview ) Set-StrictMode -Version 3.0 $ErrorActionPreference = "Stop" $IsLinuxEnv = (Get-Variable -Name "IsLinux" -ErrorAction Ignore) -and $IsLinux $IsMacOSEnv = (Get-Variable -Name "IsMacOS" -ErrorAction Ignore) -and $IsMacOS $IsWinEnv = !$IsLinuxEnv -and !$IsMacOSEnv if (-not $Destination) { if ($IsWinEnv) { $Destination = "$env:LOCALAPPDATA\Microsoft\powershell" } else { $Destination = "~/.powershell" } if ($Daily) { $Destination = "${Destination}-daily" } } $Destination = $PSCmdlet.SessionState.Path.GetUnresolvedProviderPathFromPSPath($Destination) if (-not $UseMSI) { #Write-Host "Installation destination path: $Destination" } else { if (-not $IsWinEnv) { throw "-UseMSI is only supported on Windows" } else { $MSIArguments = @() if($AddExplorerContextMenu) { $MSIArguments += "ADD_EXPLORER_CONTEXT_MENU_OPENPOWERSHELL=1" } if($EnablePSRemoting) { $MSIArguments += "ENABLE_PSREMOTING=1" } } } # Expand an archive using Expand-archive when available # and the DotNet API when it is not function Expand-ArchiveInternal { [CmdletBinding()] param( $Path, $DestinationPath ) if((Get-Command -Name Expand-Archive -ErrorAction Ignore)) { Expand-Archive -Path $Path -DestinationPath $DestinationPath } else { Add-Type -AssemblyName System.IO.Compression.FileSystem $resolvedPath = $ExecutionContext.SessionState.Path.GetUnresolvedProviderPathFromPSPath($Path) $resolvedDestinationPath = $ExecutionContext.SessionState.Path.GetUnresolvedProviderPathFromPSPath($DestinationPath) [System.IO.Compression.ZipFile]::ExtractToDirectory($resolvedPath,$resolvedDestinationPath) } } function Remove-Destination([string] $Destination) { if (Test-Path -Path $Destination) { if ($DoNotOverwrite) { throw "Destination folder '$Destination' already exist. Use a different path or omit '-DoNotOverwrite' to overwrite." } Write-Host "⏳ (5/5) Removing old installation at: $Destination" if (Test-Path -Path "$Destination.old") { Remove-Item "$Destination.old" -Recurse -Force } if ($IsWinEnv -and ($Destination -eq $PSHOME)) { # handle the case where the updated folder is currently in use Get-ChildItem -Recurse -File -Path $PSHOME | ForEach-Object { if ($_.extension -eq ".old") { Remove-Item $_ } else { Move-Item $_.fullname "$($_.fullname).old" } } } else { # Unix systems don't keep open file handles so you can just move files/folders even if in use Move-Item "$Destination" "$Destination.old" } } } <# .SYNOPSIS Validation for Add-PathTToSettingsToSettings. .DESCRIPTION Validates that the parameter being validated: - is not null - is a folder and exists - and that it does not exist in settings where settings is: = the process PATH for Linux/OSX - the registry PATHs for Windows #> function Test-PathNotInSettings($Path) { if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($Path)) { throw 'Argument is null' } # Remove ending DirectorySeparatorChar for comparison purposes $Path = [System.Environment]::ExpandEnvironmentVariables($Path.TrimEnd([System.IO.Path]::DirectorySeparatorChar)); if (-not [System.IO.Directory]::Exists($Path)) { throw "Path does not exist: $Path" } # [System.Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable automatically expands all variables [System.Array] $InstalledPaths = @() if ([System.Environment]::OSVersion.Platform -eq "Win32NT") { $InstalledPaths += @(([System.Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable('PATH', [System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::User)) -split ([System.IO.Path]::PathSeparator)) $InstalledPaths += @(([System.Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable('PATH', [System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Machine)) -split ([System.IO.Path]::PathSeparator)) } else { $InstalledPaths += @(([System.Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable('PATH'), [System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Process) -split ([System.IO.Path]::PathSeparator)) } # Remove ending DirectorySeparatorChar in all items of array for comparison purposes $InstalledPaths = $InstalledPaths | ForEach-Object { $_.TrimEnd([System.IO.Path]::DirectorySeparatorChar) } # if $InstalledPaths is in setting return false if ($InstalledPaths -icontains $Path) { throw 'Already in PATH environment variable' } return $true } <# .Synopsis Adds a Path to settings (Supports Windows Only) .DESCRIPTION Adds the target path to the target registry. .Parameter Path The path to add to the registry. It is validated with Test-PathNotInSettings which ensures that: -The path exists -Is a directory -Is not in the registry (HKCU or HKLM) .Parameter Target The target hive to install the Path to. Must be either User or Machine Defaults to User #> function Add-PathTToSettings { [CmdletBinding()] param( [Parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName)] [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()] [ValidateScript({Test-PathNotInSettings $_})] [string] $Path, [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName)] [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()] [ValidateSet([System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::User, [System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Machine)] [System.EnvironmentVariableTarget] $Target = ([System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::User) ) if (-not $IsWinEnv) { return } if ($Target -eq [System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::User) { [string] $Environment = 'Environment' [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryKey] $Key = [Microsoft.Win32.Registry]::CurrentUser.OpenSubKey($Environment, [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryKeyPermissionCheck]::ReadWriteSubTree) } else { [string] $Environment = 'SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment' [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryKey] $Key = [Microsoft.Win32.Registry]::LocalMachine.OpenSubKey($Environment, [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryKeyPermissionCheck]::ReadWriteSubTree) } # $key is null here if it the user was unable to get ReadWriteSubTree access. if ($null -eq $Key) { throw (New-Object -TypeName 'System.Security.SecurityException' -ArgumentList "Unable to access the target registry") } # Get current unexpanded value [string] $CurrentUnexpandedValue = $Key.GetValue('PATH', '', [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryValueOptions]::DoNotExpandEnvironmentNames) # Keep current PathValueKind if possible/appropriate try { [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryValueKind] $PathValueKind = $Key.GetValueKind('PATH') } catch { [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryValueKind] $PathValueKind = [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryValueKind]::ExpandString } # Evaluate new path $NewPathValue = [string]::Concat($CurrentUnexpandedValue.TrimEnd([System.IO.Path]::PathSeparator), [System.IO.Path]::PathSeparator, $Path) # Upgrade PathValueKind to [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryValueKind]::ExpandString if appropriate if ($NewPathValue.Contains('%')) { $PathValueKind = [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryValueKind]::ExpandString } $Key.SetValue("PATH", $NewPathValue, $PathValueKind) } if ($IsLinux) { $platform = (uname -i) if ($platform -eq "x86_64") { $architecture = "x64" } elseif ($platform -eq "x86_32") { $architecture = "x86" } elseif ($platform -eq "aarch64") { $architecture = "arm64" } elseif ($platform -eq "aarch32") { $architecture = "arm32" } else { Write-Host "Unknown platform $platform" } } elseif (-not $IsWinEnv) { $architecture = "x64" } elseif ($(Get-ComputerInfo -Property OsArchitecture).OsArchitecture -eq "ARM 64-bit Processor") { $architecture = "arm64" } else { switch ($env:PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE) { "AMD64" { $architecture = "x64" } "x86" { $architecture = "x86" } default { throw "PowerShell package for OS architecture '$_' is not supported." } } } $tempDir = Join-Path ([System.IO.Path]::GetTempPath()) ([System.IO.Path]::GetRandomFileName()) $null = New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $tempDir -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue try { # Setting Tls to 12 to prevent the Invoke-WebRequest : The request was # aborted: Could not create SSL/TLS secure channel. error. $originalValue = [Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol [Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol -bor [Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Tls12 if ($Daily) { $metadata = Invoke-RestMethod 'https://aka.ms/pwsh-buildinfo-daily' $release = $metadata.ReleaseTag -replace '^v' $blobName = $metadata.BlobName # Get version from currently installed PowerShell Daily if available. $pwshPath = if ($IsWinEnv) {Join-Path $Destination "pwsh.exe"} else {Join-Path $Destination "pwsh"} $currentlyInstalledVersion = if(Test-Path $pwshPath) { ((& $pwshPath -version) -split " ")[1] } if($currentlyInstalledVersion -eq $release) { Write-Verbose "Latest PowerShell Daily already installed." -Verbose return } if ($IsWinEnv) { if ($UseMSI) { $packageName = "PowerShell-${release}-win-${architecture}.msi" } else { $packageName = "PowerShell-${release}-win-${architecture}.zip" } } elseif ($IsLinuxEnv) { $packageName = "powershell-${release}-linux-${architecture}.tar.gz" } elseif ($IsMacOSEnv) { $packageName = "powershell-${release}-osx-${architecture}.tar.gz" } if ($architecture -ne "x64") { throw "The OS architecture is '$architecture'. However, we currently only support daily package for x64." } $downloadURL = "https://pscoretestdata.blob.core.windows.net/${blobName}/${packageName}" Write-Verbose "About to download package from '$downloadURL'" -Verbose $packagePath = Join-Path -Path $tempDir -ChildPath $packageName if (!$PSVersionTable.ContainsKey('PSEdition') -or $PSVersionTable.PSEdition -eq "Desktop") { # On Windows PowerShell, progress can make the download significantly slower $oldProgressPreference = $ProgressPreference $ProgressPreference = "SilentlyContinue" } try { Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $downloadURL -OutFile $packagePath } finally { if (!$PSVersionTable.ContainsKey('PSEdition') -or $PSVersionTable.PSEdition -eq "Desktop") { $ProgressPreference = $oldProgressPreference } } $contentPath = Join-Path -Path $tempDir -ChildPath "new" $null = New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $contentPath -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue if ($IsWinEnv) { if ($UseMSI -and $Quiet) { Write-Verbose "Performing quiet install" $ArgumentList=@("/i", $packagePath, "/quiet") if($MSIArguments) { $ArgumentList+=$MSIArguments } $process = Start-Process msiexec -ArgumentList $ArgumentList -Wait -PassThru if ($process.exitcode -ne 0) { throw "Quiet install failed, please rerun install without -Quiet switch or ensure you have administrator rights" } } elseif ($UseMSI) { if($MSIArguments) { Start-Process $packagePath -ArgumentList $MSIArguments -Wait } else { Start-Process $packagePath -Wait } } else { Expand-ArchiveInternal -Path $packagePath -DestinationPath $contentPath } } else { tar zxf $packagePath -C $contentPath } } else { Write-Host "⏳ (1/5) Loading metadata from https://raw.githubusercontent.com ..." $metadata = Invoke-RestMethod https://raw.githubusercontent.com/PowerShell/PowerShell/master/tools/metadata.json if ($Preview) { $release = $metadata.PreviewReleaseTag -replace '^v' } else { $release = $metadata.ReleaseTag -replace '^v' } Write-Host "⏳ (2/5) Found latest release $release for $architecture..." if ($IsWinEnv) { if ($UseMSI) { if ($architecture -eq "arm64") { $packageName = "PowerShell-${release}-win-${architecture}.msix" } else { $packageName = "PowerShell-${release}-win-${architecture}.msi" } } else { $packageName = "PowerShell-${release}-win-${architecture}.zip" } } elseif ($IsLinuxEnv) { $packageName = "powershell-${release}-linux-${architecture}.tar.gz" } elseif ($IsMacOSEnv) { $packageName = "powershell-${release}-osx-${architecture}.tar.gz" } Write-Host "⏳ (3/5) Package name to download is $packageName..." $downloadURL = "https://github.com/PowerShell/PowerShell/releases/download/v${release}/${packageName}" Write-Host "⏳ (4/5) Loading $downloadURL" $packagePath = Join-Path -Path $tempDir -ChildPath $packageName if (!$PSVersionTable.ContainsKey('PSEdition') -or $PSVersionTable.PSEdition -eq "Desktop") { # On Windows PowerShell, progress can make the download significantly slower $oldProgressPreference = $ProgressPreference $ProgressPreference = "SilentlyContinue" } try { Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $downloadURL -OutFile $packagePath } finally { if (!$PSVersionTable.ContainsKey('PSEdition') -or $PSVersionTable.PSEdition -eq "Desktop") { $ProgressPreference = $oldProgressPreference } } $contentPath = Join-Path -Path $tempDir -ChildPath "new" $null = New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $contentPath -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue if ($IsWinEnv) { if ($UseMSI -and $architecture -eq "arm64") { Add-AppxPackage -Path $packagePath } elseif ($UseMSI -and $Quiet) { Write-Verbose "Performing quiet install" $ArgumentList=@("/i", $packagePath, "/quiet") if($MSIArguments) { $ArgumentList+=$MSIArguments } $process = Start-Process msiexec -ArgumentList $ArgumentList -Wait -PassThru if ($process.exitcode -ne 0) { throw "Quiet install failed, please rerun install without -Quiet switch or ensure you have administrator rights" } } elseif ($UseMSI) { if($MSIArguments) { Start-Process $packagePath -ArgumentList $MSIArguments -Wait } else { Start-Process $packagePath -Wait } } else { Expand-ArchiveInternal -Path $packagePath -DestinationPath $contentPath } } else { tar zxf $packagePath -C $contentPath } } if (-not $UseMSI) { Remove-Destination $Destination if (Test-Path $Destination) { Write-Verbose "Copying files" -Verbose # only copy files as folders will already exist at $Destination Get-ChildItem -Recurse -Path "$contentPath" -File | ForEach-Object { $DestinationFilePath = Join-Path $Destination $_.fullname.replace($contentPath, "") Copy-Item $_.fullname -Destination $DestinationFilePath } } else { $null = New-Item -Path (Split-Path -Path $Destination -Parent) -ItemType Directory -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue Move-Item -Path $contentPath -Destination $Destination } } ## Change the mode of 'pwsh' to 'rwxr-xr-x' to allow execution if (-not $IsWinEnv) { chmod 755 $Destination/pwsh } if ($AddToPath -and -not $UseMSI) { if ($IsWinEnv) { if ((-not ($Destination.StartsWith($ENV:USERPROFILE))) -and (-not ($Destination.StartsWith($ENV:APPDATA))) -and (-not ($Destination.StartsWith($env:LOCALAPPDATA)))) { $TargetRegistry = [System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Machine try { Add-PathTToSettings -Path $Destination -Target $TargetRegistry } catch { Write-Warning -Message "Unable to save the new path in the machine wide registry: $_" $TargetRegistry = [System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::User } } else { $TargetRegistry = [System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::User } # If failed to install to machine wide path or path was not appropriate for machine wide path if ($TargetRegistry -eq [System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::User) { try { Add-PathTToSettings -Path $Destination -Target $TargetRegistry } catch { Write-Warning -Message "Unable to save the new path in the registry for the current user : $_" } } } else { $targetPath = Join-Path -Path $Destination -ChildPath "pwsh" if ($IsLinuxEnv) { $symlink = "/usr/bin/pwsh" } elseif ($IsMacOSEnv) { $symlink = "/usr/local/bin/pwsh" } $needNewSymlink = $true if (Test-Path -Path $symlink) { $linkItem = Get-Item -Path $symlink if ($linkItem.LinkType -ne "SymbolicLink") { Write-Warning "'$symlink' already exists but it's not a symbolic link. Abort adding to PATH." $needNewSymlink = $false } elseif ($linkItem.Target -contains $targetPath) { ## The link already points to the target Write-Verbose "'$symlink' already points to '$targetPath'" -Verbose $needNewSymlink = $false } } if ($needNewSymlink) { $uid = id -u if ($uid -ne "0") { $SUDO = "sudo" } else { $SUDO = "" } Write-Verbose "Make symbolic link '$symlink' point to '$targetPath'..." -Verbose & $SUDO ln -fs $targetPath $symlink if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) { Write-Error "Could not add to PATH: failed to make '$symlink' point to '$targetPath'." } } } ## Add to the current process 'Path' if the process is not 'pwsh' $runningProcessName = (Get-Process -Id $PID).ProcessName if ($runningProcessName -ne 'pwsh') { $env:Path = $Destination + [System.IO.Path]::PathSeparator + $env:Path } } if (-not $UseMSI) { Write-Host "✅ PowerShell has been installed at: $Destination" -noNewline if ($Destination -eq $PSHOME) { Write-Host " - Please restart pwsh now." } else { Write-Host " " } } } finally { # Restore original value [Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = $originalValue Remove-Item -Path $tempDir -Recurse -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue exit 0 # success } ``` *(generated by convert-ps2md.ps1 using the comment-based help of install-powershell.ps1 as of 01/25/2024 13:58:38)*