PowerShell/Data/Abbr/astronomy.csv

1	ABBR	MEANING
2	21CSLC	21st Century Space Launch Complex
3	4LGSF	Four-Laser Guide Star Facility
4	4MOST	4-metre Multi-Object Spectroscopic Telescope (Proposed new spectroscopic instrument for VISTA)
5	4T	Four Telescope (VLTI mode)
6	A&A	Journal, Astronomy & Astrophysics
7	A&ARv	Journal, Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics
8	AAA	Amateur Astronomers Association of New York
9	ACD	Amplitude Calibration Device (ALMA)
10	ACM	Asteroids, Comets, and Meteors
11	ACe	Astaldi Cimolai EIE (Consortium)
12	ADA	ALMA Department of Administration
13	ADO	ALMA Director’s Office
14	ADS	International Italian optics company working on the DSM for the VLT
15	AEM	ALMA construction consortium
16	AFNOR	Association Française de Normalisation
17	AFTA	Astrophysics Focused Telescope Assets
18	AGN	Active Galactic Nucleus
19	AIDA	Astronomical Infrastructure for Data Access
20	AIP	Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam
21	AIT	Assembly, Integration and Test
22	AIV	Assembly, Integration and Verification
23	AJ	The Astronomical Journal
24	ALMA	Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array
25	AMBER	Astronomical Multi-BEam combineR (VLTI Instrument)
26	AN	Journal, Astronomische Nachrichten
27	Antu	VLT Unit Telescope 1
28	AO	Adaptive Optics
29	AOF	Adaptive Optics Facility
30	AOS	Array Operations Site (ALMA)
31	APE	Active Phasing Experiment
32	APEX	Atacama Pathfinder Experiment
33	ApJ	Astrophysical Journal
34	ApJS	Journal, Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
35	AQUARIUS	Mid-infrared detector array (VISIR)
36	ARAL	Alignment facility for the VLTI
37	ARC	ALMA Regional Centre, or Ames Research Center
38	ArTeMiS	Bolometric camera for APEX
39	ASAC	ALMA Science Advisory Committee
40	ASIAA	East Asia FEIC (ALMA)
41	ASIC	Application Specific Integrated Circuit
42	ASSIST	Adaptive Secondary Setup and Instrument Simulator (AOF test bench)
43	AstraLux	Lucky Imaging camera for the Calar Alto 2.2-metre telescope
44	AT	Auxiliary Telescope for the VLTI
45	ATC	Astronomy Technology Centre (United Kingdom)
46	ATILO	Administrative Tribunal of the International Labour Organisation
47	AU	Astronomical Unit, the distance between the Earth and the Sun
48	AUI	Associated Universities Inc.
49	AVM	Astronomical Visualisation Metadata
50	AXP	Anomalous X-Ray Pulsar
51	BAM	Construction company for the Headquarters extension
52	BE	Back-End (ALMA)
53	BELLA	Building Europe Link to Latin America
54	BFL	Budget and Forward Look
55	BH	Black hole
56	BLAST	Balloon-borne Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope
57	BlackGEM	(La Silla) Telescope array searching for optical counterparts of gravitational wave sources
58	BLIP	Background photon noise limited
59	C2PAP	Computational Center for Particle and Astrophysics, Universe Cluster, Garching
60	CAD	Computer Aided Design
61	CADC	Canadian Astronomy Data Centre
62	CAPj	Communicating Astronomy with the Public Journal
63	CARLA	Clusters Around Radio-Loud AGN (Spitzer)
64	CASA	Common Astronomy Software Applications (ALMA)
65	CBR	cosmic background radiation
66	CCD	Charge Coupled Device
67	CDR	Critical Design Review
68	CDS	Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg (Strasbourg astronomical Data Center)
69	CEA	Commissariat à L’Energie Atomique, France
70	CELAC_EU	Summit of the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States–European Union
71	CES	Coude Echelle Spectrometer
72	CfP	Call for Proposal
73	CfT	Call for tender
74	CGM	Circumgalactic medium
75	CHAMP+	Dual channel heterodyne receiver array (APEX)
76	CLIF	Convolution with Linearized Inverse Filter algorithm for wavefront sensing
77	CLP	Chilean Peso
78	CM	center of mass
79	CMB	Cosmic Microwave Background
80	CMBR	Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation
81	CME	Coronal Mass Ejection (usually Sun)
82	CNAM	Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers
83	CNRS	Centre national de la recherche scientifique
84	CO	Carbon monoxide
85	CO	Carried Over budget
86	COFUND	EU fellowship funding programme
87	CONDOR	1.5 THz heterodyne receiver (APEX)
88	CONICA	COudé Near-Infrared CAmera (VLT)
89	CORALIE	Echelle Spectrograph on the 1.2-metre Leonard Euler Swiss telescope
90	CoRoT	COnvection ROtation and planetary Transits (French Satellite)
91	COSMOS	HST survey programme
92	Cou-	Council Document
93	CP	Calibration Programme
94	CPI	Consumer Price Index
95	CRIRES+	Planned upgrade to CRIRES
96	CRIRES	Cryogenic InfraRed Echelle Spectrometer (VLT)
97	CSV	Commissioning and Science Verification
98	CTA	Cherenkov Telescope Array
99	CTA-S	Cherenkov Telescope Array South
100	CTAO	Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory
101	CUBES	Cassegrain U-band Brazilian ESO Spectrograph
102	CuRe	Fast wavefront reconstruction algorithms for XAO with pyramid WFS
103	CuReD	Fast wavefront reconstruction algorithms for XAO with pyramid WFS with pre-processing
104	DC	Direct Current
105	DDS	Data DistributIOn middleware for SPARTA
106	DDT	Director’s Discretionary Time
107	DFG	Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
108	DFS	(VLT) Data Flow System
109	DG	Director General
110	DIG	Deep Imaging Group (Vitacura)
111	DL	Delay Line (VLTI)
112	DMO	Data Management and Operations Division
113	DMS	Dome and Main Structure
114	DRS	DRS, formerly Boeing, detector manufacturer
115	DSC	Directorate for Science
116	DSM	Deformable Secondary Mirror
117	DSO	Department of Science Operations (ALMA)
118	eAPD	electron Avalanche Photodiode Detector
119	EASC	European ALMA Support Centre
120	EC	European Commission
121	ECRI	European Conference on Research Infrastructures
122	EFOSC2	ESO Faint Object Spectrograph and Camera (v.2)
123	EIB	European Investment Bank
124	EIROforum	Organisation consisting of the seven largest scientific European international organisations devoted to fostering mutual activities
125	ELT	Extremely Large Telescope
126	EM&P	Journal, Earth, Moon, and Planets
127	EMAC	ELT Management Advisory Committee
128	EMBL	European Molecular Biology Laboratory (Germany)
129	EMMI	ESO Multi-Mode Instrument (NTT)
130	ePOD	education and Public Outreach Department
131	ERC	European Research Council
132	ERIS	Enhanced Resolution Imager and Spectrograph
133	ERP	Enterprise Resource Planning (Administration software)
134	ESAC	European Science Advisory Committee (for ALMA)
135	ESAC	European Space Astronomy Centre (ESA, Spain)
136	ESC	ELT Subcommittee
137	ESE	ELT Science and Engineering
138	ESM	European School Munich
139	ESO	European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere
140	ESOF	Euroscience Open Forum
141	ESON	ESO Science Outreach Network
142	ESPRESSO	Echelle SPectrograph for Rocky Exoplanet- and Stable Spectroscopic Observations
143	ESRC	ELT Standing Review Committee
144	ETF	ELT Technical Facility
145	EVALSO	Enabling Virtual Access to Latin-american Southern Observatories
146	EWASS	European Week of Astronomy and Space Science
147	ExA	Journal, Experimental Astronomy
148	ExTrA	(La Silla) Exoplanets in Transit and their Atmospheres
149	FC	Finance Committee
150	FDR	Final Design Review
151	FE IPT	Front-End Integrated Project Team (ALMA)
152	FE	Front End
153	FEA	Finite Element Analysis
154	FEED	Front-End Engineering Design (ELT)
155	FEIC	Front End Integration Centre (ALMA)
156	FEROS	Fibre-fed, Extended Range, Échelle Spectrograph (MPG/ESO 2.2-metre)
157	FIAT	Facility (for) Infrared Arrays Testing
158	FITS	Flexible Image Transport System
159	FLAMES	Fibre Large Array Multi Element Spectrograph (VLT)
160	FORS1	FOcal Reducer/low dispersion Spectrograph (VLT)-1
161	FORS2	FOcal Reducer/low dispersion Spectrograph (VLT)-2
162	FOS	Faint Object Spectrograph (HST)
163	FP	Fabry-Perot
164	FP6	Sixth EC Framework Programme
165	FP7	Seventh EC Framework Programme
166	FWHM	Full Width at Half Maximum
167	GALACSI	Ground Atmospheric Layer Adaptive Optics for Spectroscopic Imaging (AOF)
168	GIRAFFE	Fibre-fed multi-object spectrograph and part of the VLT FLAMES facility
169	GLAO	Ground Layer Adaptive Optics
170	gNLT	Garching Night Log Tool
171	GRAAL	GRound-layer Adaptive optics Assisted by Lasers (AOF)
172	GRAVITY	AO assisted, two-object, multiple-beam-combiner (VLTI)
173	GROND	Gamma-Ray Burst Optical/Near-Infrared Detector (MPG/ESO 2.2-metre)
174	GTC	Gran Telescopio Canarias
175	GTO	Guaranteed Time for Observation
176	GWh	Gigawatt hours
177	GÉANT	European multi-gigabit computer network for research and education purposes
178	H-LTAO	HARMONI Laser Tomography Adaptive Optics
179	H2020	(EU) Horizon 2020 Programme
180	HARMONI	Proposed first light integral field spectrograph for the ELT
181	HARPS	High Accuracy Radial Velocity Planetary Searcher (3.6-metre)
182	HAWK-I	High Acuity Wide field K-band Imager
183	HCI	Human Computer Interface
184	HIA	Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (Canada)
185	HIRES	(ELT) HIgh REsolution Spectrograph
186	HODM	High Order Deformable Mirror
187	HST	Hubble Space Telescope
188	HVAC	Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning
189	IAG	Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences (Brazil)
190	IAU	International Astronomical Union
191	Icar	Icarus, Planetary science journal, Planetary science journal
192	IFS	Integral Field Spectrograph (SPHERE, ELT)
193	IFU	Integral Field Unit
194	INAF	Italian National Institute for Astrophysics
195	INRIA	Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique
196	IPAG	Institut de Planetologie et d’Astrophysique de Grenoble
197	IPC	(Chilean) Índice de Precios al Consumidor
198	IPP	Max-Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (Germany)
199	IPSAS	International Public Sector Accounting Standards
200	IPT	Integrated Product Team (ALMA)
201	IR	Infrared
202	IRAM	Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique
203	IRDIS	InfraRed Dual-beam Imager and Spectrograph (SPHERE, ELT)
204	IRIS	VLTI Infrared Image Sensor
205	IRLOS	InfraRed Low Order Sensor
206	IRO	International Relations Office
207	ISAAC	Infrared Spectrometer And Array Camera (VLT)
208	ISERD	Israeli inter-ministerial agency for R&D cooperation with Europe
209	ISM	International Staff Member
210	ISS	International Space Station
211	IT	Information Technology
212	ITAR	International Traffic in Arms Regulations
213	ITER	International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor
214	IVOA	International Virtual Observatory Alliance
215	IVSLA	Istituto Veneto di Scienze ed Arti
216	IYA2009	International Year of Astronomy 2009
217	JAO	Joint ALMA Observatory
218	JENAM	Joint European and National Astronomy Meeting
219	JUICE	JUpiter ICy moons Explorer
220	JWST	James Webb Space Telescope
221	k	kilo/1,000
222	KIDS	(VST) Kilo-Degree Survey
223	KMOS	K-band Multi-Object Spectrograph (VLT)
224	KTS	Klaus Tschira Stiftung
225	Kueyan	VLT Unit Telescope 2
226	LABOCA	Large APEX Bolometer CAmera
227	LAOG	Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de l'Observatoire de Grenoble
228	LCS	Local Control System
229	LEO	Low Earth Orbit
230	LFC	Laser Frequency Comb
231	LGS	Laser Guide Star
232	LGSF	Laser Guide Star Facility
233	LMC	Large Magellanic Cloud
234	LMU	Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
235	LN2	Liquid nitrogen
236	LOFAR	Low Frequency Array
237	LOPS	Local Optical Phasing Sensor
238	LP	Large Programme
239	LPG	Liquefied Petroleum Gas
240	LPO	La Silla ­Paranal Observatory
241	LSM	Local Staff Members
242	LSP	La Silla ­Paranal Subcommittee
243	LTAO	Laser Tomography Adaptive Optics
244	LVSM	Large Visible Sensor Module
245	M#	Mirror #
246	M	million/1,000,000
247	MACAO	Multiple Application Curvature Adaptive Optic
248	MACCON	Motion controller manufacturer
249	MAD	Multi-conjugate Adaptive optics Demonstrator
250	MAORY	(ELT) Multi-conjugate Adaptive Optics RelaY
251	mas	milliarcseconds
252	MASCOT	Mini All-Sky Cloud Observation Tool (Paranal)
253	MATISSE	Multi AperTure mid-Infrared SpectroScopic Experiment (VLTI)
254	MCAO	Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics
255	Melipal	VLT Unit Telescope 3
256	MELT	Minuscule ELT
257	MENLO systems	Optical equipment manufacturer
258	MERAC	Mobilising European Research in Astrophysics and Cosmology
259	MERIL	Mapping the European Research Infrastructure Landscape
260	METIS	Mid-infrared ELT Imager and Spectrograph
261	MICADO	Adaptive optics imaging camera (ELT)
262	MIDI	Mid-infrared Interferometric Instrument (VLTI)
263	MIM	Museo Interactivo Mirador, Santiago
264	mmVLBI	Millimeter Very Long Baseline Interferometry
265	Mn	Mirror #n
266	MNRAS	Journal, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
267	MOAO	Multiple-Object Adaptive Optics
268	MOONS	Multi Object Optical and Near-infrared Spectrograph (VLT third generation)
269	MOS	(ELT) Multi-Object Spectroscopy
270	MOSAIC	(ELT) Multi-Object Spectrograph (Multi-Object Spectrograph for Astrophysics, Intergalactic medium studies and Cosmology)
271	MOSFIRE	Near-infrared multi-object spectrograph (Keck)
272	MPA	Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics
273	MPE	Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
274	MPG	Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
275	MPIA	Max Planck Institute for Astronomy
276	MPIfR	Max-Planck Institute for Radioastronomy (Germany)
277	MS	Member State(s)
278	MTM	MT Mechatronics (European company of high technology, engineering and maintenance services)
279	MUSE	Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (VLT)
280	NACO	NAOS-CONICA (VLT)
281	NAOJ	National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
282	NAOMI	Adaptive optics system for the ATs (VLTI)
283	NAOS	Nasmyth Adaptive Optics System (VLT)
284	NASA	National Aeronautics and Space Administration
285	NAV	Navision
286	NDF	Non-Deliverable Forward Agreement
287	NEAR	New Earths in the Alpha Cen Region experiment
288	NEO	Near-Earth Object
289	NewA	Journal, New Astronomy
290	NewAR	Journal, New Astronomy Reviews
291	NFM	Narrow Field Mode
292	NGC	New General Catalogue
293	NGC	New General detector Controller
294	NGSD	Proposed large natural/laser guide star WFS detector (ELT)
295	NGTS	Next Generation Transit Survey
296	NINS	National Institutes of Natural Sciences
297	NIRPS	(NNT) Near Infra Red Planet Searcher
298	NOVA	The Netherlands Research School for Astronomy (Nederlandse Onderzoekschool voor Astronomie)
299	NRAO	National Radio Astronomy Observatory
300	NSF	National Science Foundation
301	NTT	New Technology Telescope
302	NUVA	Network for UltraViolet Astrophysics
303	OAA	Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory
304	OBAMA	Optical Bidule for Aberration Measurement on the ATs
305	OCA-NICE	Cote d’Azur Observatory (Observatoire de la Cote d’Azur)
306	ODG	Office of the Director General
307	OECD	Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
308	OmegaCAM	Optical Camera for the VST
309	OPC	Observing Programmes Committee
310	OPO	Observing Programmes Office
311	OPTICON	Optical Infrared Coordination Network for Astronomy
312	OSF	ALMA Operations Support Facilities
313	OSO	Onsala Space Observatory
314	OT	Observing Tool
315	OTS	Operations Technical Support
316	P&SS	Journal, Planetary and Space Science
317	P2PP	Peer to Peer Protocol
318	P86	Observing Period 86
319	P87	Observing Period 87
320	PA	Product Assurance
321	PAC	Provisional Acceptance Chile
322	PACMAN	Fringe tracker for PRIMA (VLTI)
323	PAE	Provisional Acceptance Europe
324	PARLA	PAranal Raman Laser, replacement for PARSEC (VLTI)
325	PARSEC	Sodium line laser for VLT AO
326	PASJ	Journal, Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
327	PASP	Journal, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
328	PDR	Preliminary Design Review
329	PESSTO	Public ESO Spectroscopic Survey of Transient Objects
330	PFS	(ELT) Pre-Focal Station
331	PFS-A	(ELT) Pre-Focal Station for Nasmyth A
332	PhD	Doctor of Philosophy
333	PI	Principal Investigator
334	PIO	Public Information Officer
335	PIONIER	VLTI visitor instrument
336	PIP	Paranal Instrumentation Programme
337	PLC	Programmable Logic Controllers (ELT)
338	PMD	Project Management Department
339	PMPD	Performance Management and Professional Development
340	PRIMA	Phase-Referenced Imaging and Micro-arcsecond Astrometry facility (VLTI)
341	PSF	Point Spread Function
342	PTP	Precision Time Protocol
343	Q	Quarter
344	QSO	Quasi Stellar Object, quasar
345	QUEST	QUasar Equatorial Survey Team
346	R&D	Research and Development
347	RAB	Reflector Assembly Building
348	RAL	Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot (UK)
349	RCL	Radioastronomy Chajnantor Limitada
350	RedCLARA	Latin American Advanced Networks Cooperation (Academic data network in Latin America)
351	REM	Rapid Eye Mount Telescope (La Silla)
352	REUNA	Red Universitaria Nacional (Academic data network in Chile)
353	RM	Rossiter-McClaughlin (effect)
354	RMN	Reflective Memory Network (VLTI)
355	rms	Root Mean Square
356	SABOCA	Shortwave Apex BOlometer Camera
357	SAC	EURO-VO Science Advisory Committee
358	SAF	Science Archive Facility
359	SAFRAN-REOSC	High performance optics company
360	SAPHIRA	Detector for the GRAVITY wavefront sensor
361	SAXO	SPHERE’S AO system (VLT)
362	SCAO	Single-conjugate adaptive optics
363	SCO	Santiago Central Office (ALMA/ESO Vitacura)
364	SDD	Software Development Division
365	SDSS	Sloan Digital Sky Survey
366	SEPIA	Swedish ESO PI receiver for APEX
367	SHFI	Swedish Heterodyne Facility Instrument
368	SiC	(ELT) SiliconCarbide-mirrorsubstrate
369	SINFONI	Spectrograph for INtegral Field Observations in the Near Infrared (VLT)
370	SKA	Square Kilometer Array
371	SM	Service Mode (observing)
372	SM4	Servicing Mission 4 (HST)
373	SMBH	Supermassive black hole
374	SOFI	SOn oF Isaac (NTT)
375	SOPHIE	Spectrographe pour l’Observation des Phénomènes des Intérieurs stellaires et des Exoplanètes
376	SOXS	(NTT) Son Of X-Shooter
377	SPARTA	Real-time computer for the AOF
378	SPC	Scientific Personnel Committee
379	SPECULOOS	(Paranal) Search for habitable Planets EClipsing ULtra-cOOl Stars
380	SPHERE	Spectro-Polarimetric High-contrast Exoplanet Research instrument (VLT)
381	SPIFFI	SPectrometer for Infrared Faint Field Imaging
382	SPT	South Pole Telescope
383	SSDF	Science Support Discretionary Fund
384	SSED	Software System Engineering Department
385	SSWG	Science Strategy Working Group
386	ST-ECF	Space Telescope European Coordination Facility
387	STC	Scientific Technical Committee
388	STFC	Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK)
389	STRAP	Tip-tilt sensors (VLTI)
390	STScI	Space Telescope Science Institute (USA)
391	sub-mm	submillimetre
392	SUSI2	Superb Seeing Imager 2 (NTT)
393	TAROT	Télescope à Action Rapide pour les Objets Transitoires
394	TAROT-S	Télescopes à Action Rapide pour les Objets Transitoires South
395	TBT	Test-Bed Telescope
396	TEC	Technology Division
397	telbib	ESO library telescope bibliography database
398	TFB	Tunable Filter Bank (ALMA)
399	TIMMI	TIMMI far-infrared camera (ESO 3.6-metre telescope)
400	ToO	Target of Opportunity
401	TRAPPIST	TRAnsiting Planets and PlanetesImals Small Telescope
402	TRR	Test Readiness Review
403	UC	Users Committee
404	UK ATC	UK Astronomy Technology Centre
405	Ultracam	High-speed camera (VLT)
406	UltraVISTA	Ultra-deep near-infrared survey in the COSMOS field
407	UNCOPUOS	United Nations Committee for the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space
408	USM	University Observatory Munich
409	UT	Unit Telescope of the VLT
410	UT1–4	VLT Unit Telescopes 1–4: Antu, Kueyen, Melipal and Yepun
411	UV	UltraViolet
412	UVES	UV-Visual Echelle Spectrograph (VLT)
413	VERTEX	(APEX) VERTEX Antennentechnik GmbH, Duisburg (Germany)
414	VHS	VISTA Hemisphere Survey
415	VIDEO	VISTA Deep Extragalactic Observations Survey
416	VIKING	VISTA Kilo-degree Infrared Galaxy survey
417	VIMOS	VIsible MultiObject Spectrograph (VLT)
418	VINCI	VLT INterferometer Commissioning Instrument (VLTI)
419	VIPERS	VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey
420	VIRCAM	VISTA Infrared Camera
421	VISA	VLTI Sub-Array
422	VISIR	VLT Mid-Infrared Imager Spectrometer
423	VISTA	Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy
424	VLT	Very Large Telescope
425	VLT/I	Very Large Telescope and its Interferometer
426	VLTI	Very Large Telescope Interferometer
427	VLTI-PR#	VLTI projects
428	VM	Visitor Mode (observing)
429	VMC	VISTA survey of the Magellanic Cloud system
430	VO	Virtual Observatory
431	VOP	Virtual Observatory Project Office
432	VPHAS+	VST Photometric Hα Survey
433	VSS	Variability Sky Survey
434	VST	VLT Survey Telescope
435	VVDS	VIMOS VLT Deep Survey
436	VVV	ESO public survey VISTA Variables in the Vía Láctea
437	WASP	Wide Angle Search for Planets survey
438	WFCAM	Infrared wide field camera for the UK Infrared Telescope on Mauna Kea
439	WFI	Wide Field Imager (MPG/ESO 2.2-metre)
440	WiFi	Wireless Fidelity
441	WVR	Water Vapour Radiometer (ALMA)
442	X-shooter	Wideband ultraviolet-infrared single target spectrograph (VLT)
443	XAO	Extreme adaptive optics
444	XMM-Newton	X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite (ESA)
445	Yepun	VLT Unit Telescope 4
446	Z-Spec	Millimetre-wave spectrograph (APEX visitor instrument)
447	zCOSMOS	Large Programme to measure 30 000 galaxies in the HST Cosmic Origins field
448	ZIMPOL	Zurich Imaging Polarimeter (SPHERE, ELT)
449	ΛCDM	Lambda Cold Dark Matter
450	μm	Micrometre