In this example, we will use the Northwind database from Microsoft. In the database, we have a products table, and we want to analyze this table by suppliers versus product categories. We will place the suppliers on each row, and pivot on categories. So from the table on the left, we generate the pivot-table on the right:

The following code will generate the SQL for a cross-tabulation:

# Query the main "product" table
# Set the rows to CompanyName
# and the columns to the values of Categories
# and define the joins to link to lookup tables 
# "categories" and "suppliers"
#
 include "adodb/pivottable.php";
 $sql = PivotTableSQL(
 	$gDB,                                      # adodb connection
 	'products p ,categories c ,suppliers s',   # tables
	'CompanyName',                             # rows (multiple fields allowed)
	'CategoryName',                            # column to pivot on 
	'p.CategoryID = c.CategoryID and s.SupplierID= p.SupplierID' # joins/where
);

Class Reference

Function parameters with [ ] around them are optional.

If you are using recordset caching, this is the directory to save your recordsets in. Define this before you call any caching functions such as CacheExecute( ). We recommend setting register_globals=off in php.ini if you use this feature for security reasons.

If you are using Unix and apache, you might need to set your cache directory permissions to something similar to the following:

$ADODB_LANG

Determines the language used in MetaErrorMsg(). The default is 'en', for English. To find out what languages are supported, see the files in adodb/lang/adodb-$lang.inc.php, where $lang is the supported langauge.

$ADODB_FETCH_MODE

This is a global variable that determines how arrays are retrieved by recordsets. The recordset saves this value on creation (eg. in Execute( ) or SelectLimit( )), and any subsequent changes to $ADODB_FETCH_MODE have no affect on existing recordsets, only on recordsets created in the future.

The following constants are defined:

An example:

	$ADODB_FETCH_MODE = ADODB_FETCH_NUM;
	$rs1 = $db->Execute('select * from table');
	$ADODB_FETCH_MODE = ADODB_FETCH_ASSOC;
	$rs2 = $db->Execute('select * from table');
	print_r($rs1->fields); # shows array([0]=>'v0',[1] =>'v1')
	print_r($rs2->fields); # shows array(['col1']=>'v0',['col2'] =>'v1')

As you can see in the above example, both recordsets store and use different fetch modes based on the $ADODB_FETCH_MODE setting when the recordset was created by Execute().

If no fetch mode is predefined, the fetch mode defaults to ADODB_FETCH_DEFAULT. The behaviour of this default mode varies from driver to driver, so do not rely on ADODB_FETCH_DEFAULT. For portability, we recommend sticking to ADODB_FETCH_NUM or ADODB_FETCH_ASSOC. Many drivers do not support ADODB_FETCH_BOTH.

SetFetchMode Function

Some programmers prefer to use a more object-oriented solution, where the fetch mode is set by a object function, SetFetchMode. Once this function is called for a connection object, that connection object will ignore the global variable $ADODB_FETCH_MODE and will use the internal fetchMode property exclusively.

	$db->SetFetchMode(ADODB_FETCH_NUM);
	$rs1 = $db->Execute('select * from table');
	$db->SetFetchMode(ADODB_FETCH_ASSOC);
	$rs2 = $db->Execute('select * from table');
	print_r($rs1->fields); # shows array([0]=>'v0',[1] =>'v1')
	print_r($rs2->fields); # shows array(['col1']=>'v0',['col2'] =>'v1')

To retrieve the previous fetch mode, you can use check the $db->fetchMode property, or use the return value of SetFetchMode( ).

ADODB_ASSOC_CASE

You can control the associative fetch case for certain drivers which behave differently. For the sybase, oci8po, mssql, odbc and ibase drivers and all drivers derived from them, ADODB_ASSOC_CASE will by default generate recordsets where the field name keys are lower-cased. Use the constant ADODB_ASSOC_CASE to change the case of the keys. There are 3 possible values:

0 = assoc lowercase field names. $rs->fields['orderid']
1 = assoc uppercase field names. $rs->fields['ORDERID']
2 = use native-case field names. $rs->fields['OrderID'] -- this is the default since ADOdb 2.90

To use it, declare it before you incldue adodb.inc.php.

define('ADODB_ASSOC_CASE', 2); # use native-case for ADODB_FETCH_ASSOC
include('adodb.inc.php');

ADOConnection

Object that performs the connection to the database, executes SQL statements and has a set of utility functions for standardising the format of SQL statements for issues such as concatenation and date formats.

ADOConnection Fields

databaseType: Name of the database system we are connecting to. Eg. odbc or mssql or mysql.

dataProvider: The underlying mechanism used to connect to the database. Normally set to native, unless using odbc or ado.

host: Name of server or data source name (DSN) to connect to.

database: Name of the database or to connect to. If ado is used, it will hold the ado data provider.

user: Login id to connect to database. Password is not saved for security reasons.

raiseErrorFn: Allows you to define an error handling function. See adodb-errorhandler.inc.php for an example.

debug: Set to true to make debug statements to appear.

concat_operator: Set to '+' or '||' normally. The operator used to concatenate strings in SQL. Used by the Concat function.

fmtDate: The format used by the DBDate function to send dates to the database. is '#Y-m-d#' for Microsoft Access, and ''Y-m-d'' for MySQL.

fmtTimeStamp: The format used by the DBTimeStamp function to send timestamps to the database.

true: The value used to represent true.Eg. '.T.'. for Foxpro, '1' for Microsoft SQL.

false: The value used to represent false. Eg. '.F.'. for Foxpro, '0' for Microsoft SQL.

replaceQuote: The string used to escape quotes. Eg. double single-quotes for Microsoft SQL, and backslash-quote for MySQL. Used by qstr.

autoCommit: indicates whether automatic commit is enabled. Default is true.

charSet: set the default charset to use. Currently only interbase supports this.

dialect: set the default sql dialect to use. Currently only interbase supports this.

metaTablesSQL: SQL statement to return a list of available tables. Eg. SHOW TABLES in MySQL.

genID: The latest id generated by GenID() if supported by the database.

cacheSecs: The number of seconds to cache recordsets if CacheExecute() or CacheSelectLimit() omit the $secs2cache parameter. Defaults to 60 minutes.

sysDate: String that holds the name of the database function to call to get the current date. Useful for inserts and updates.

sysTimeStamp: String that holds the name of the database function to call to get the current timestamp/datetime value.

leftOuter: String that holds operator for left outer join, if known. Otherwise set to false.

rightOuter: String that holds operator for left outer join, if known. Otherwise set to false.

ansiOuter: Boolean that if true indicates that ANSI style outer joins are permitted. Eg. select * from table1 left join table2 on p1=p2.

connectSID: Boolean that indicates whether to treat the $database parameter in connects as the SID for the oci8 driver. Defaults to false. Useful for Oracle 8.0.5 and earlier.

autoRollback: Persistent connections are auto-rollbacked in PConnect( ) if this is set to true. Default is false.

ADOConnection Main Functions

ADOConnection( )

Constructor function. Do not call this directly. Use ADONewConnection( ) instead.

Connect($host,[$user],[$password],[$database])

Non-persistent connect to data source or server $host, using userid $user and password $password. If the server supports multiple databases, connect to database $database.

Returns true/false depending on connection.

ADO Note: If you are using a Microsoft ADO and not OLEDB, you can set the $database parameter to the OLEDB data provider you are using.

PostgreSQL: An alternative way of connecting to the database is to pass the standard PostgreSQL connection string in the first parameter $host, and the other parameters will be ignored.

For Oracle and Oci8, there are two ways to connect. First is to use the TNS name defined in your local tnsnames.ora (or ONAMES or HOSTNAMES). Place the name in the $database field, and set the $host field to false. Alternatively, set $host to the server, and $database to the database SID, this bypassed tnsnames.ora.

Examples:

 # $oraname in tnsnames.ora/ONAMES/HOSTNAMES
 $conn->Connect(false, 'scott', 'tiger', $oraname); 
 $conn->Connect('server:1521', 'scott', 'tiger', 'ServiceName'); # bypass tnsnames.ora

There are many examples of connecting to a database at php.weblogs.com/ADOdb, and in the testdatabases.inc.php file included in the release.

PConnect($host,[$user],[$password],[$database])

Persistent connect to data source or server $host, using userid $user and password $password. If the server supports multiple databases, connect to database $database.

We now perform a rollback on persistent connection for selected databases since 2.21, as advised in the PHP manual. See change log or source code for which databases are affected.

Returns true/false depending on connection. See Connect( ) above for more info.

Since ADOdb 2.21, we also support autoRollback. If you set:

Execute SQL statement $sql and return derived class of ADORecordSet if successful. Note that a record set is always returned on success, even if we are executing an insert or update statement. You can also pass in $sql a statement prepared in Prepare().

Returns derived class of ADORecordSet. Eg. if connecting via mysql, then ADORecordSet_mysql would be returned. False is returned if there was an error in executing the sql.

The $inputarr parameter can be used for binding variables to parameters. Below is an Oracle example:

 $conn->Execute("SELECT * FROM TABLE WHERE COND=:val", array('val'=> $val));
 

Another example, using ODBC,which uses the ? convention:

  $conn->Execute("SELECT * FROM TABLE WHERE COND=?", array($val));

Variable binding speeds the compilation and caching of SQL statements, leading to higher performance. Currently Oracle, Interbase and ODBC supports variable binding. Interbase/ODBC style ? binding is emulated in databases that do not support binding.

Variable binding in the odbc, interbase and oci8po drivers.

$rs = $db->Execute('select * from table where val=?', array('10'));

$rs = $db->Execute('select name from table where val=:key', 
  array('key' => 10));

Since ADOdb 3.80, we support bulk binding in Execute(), in which you pass in a 2-dimensional array to be bound to an INSERT/UPDATE or DELETE statement.

$arr = array(
	array('Ahmad',32),
	array('Zulkifli', 24),
	array('Rosnah', 21)
	);
$ok = $db->Execute('insert into table (name,age) values (?,?)',$arr);

This provides very high performance as the SQL statement is prepared first. The prepared statement is executed repeatedly for each array row until all rows are completed, or until the first error. Very useful for importing data.

CacheExecute([$secs2cache,]$sql,$inputarr=false)

Similar to Execute, except that the recordset is cached for $secs2cache seconds in the $ADODB_CACHE_DIR directory, and $inputarr only accepts 1-dimensional arrays. If CacheExecute() is called again with the same $sql, $inputarr, and also the same database, same userid, and the cached recordset has not expired, the cached recordset is returned.

  include('adodb.inc.php'); 
  include('tohtml.inc.php');
  $ADODB_CACHE_DIR = '/usr/local/ADOdbcache';
  $conn = &ADONewConnection('mysql'); 
  $conn->PConnect('localhost','userid','password','database');
  $rs = $conn->CacheExecute(15, 'select * from table'); # cache 15 secs
  rs2html($rs); /* recordset to html table */  

Alternatively, since ADOdb 1.80, the $secs2cache parameter is optional:

	$conn->Connect(...);
   	$conn->cacheSecs = 3600*24; // cache 24 hours
	$rs = $conn->CacheExecute('select * from table');

Performance note: I have done some benchmarks and found that they vary so greatly that it's better to talk about when caching is of benefit. When your database server is much slower than your Web server or the database is very overloaded then ADOdb's caching is good because it reduces the load on your database server. If your database server is lightly loaded or much faster than your Web server, then caching could actually reduce performance.

ExecuteCursor($sql,$cursorName='rs',$parameters=false)

Execute an Oracle stored procedure, and returns an Oracle REF cursor variable as a regular ADOdb recordset. Does not work with any other database except oci8. Thanks to Robert Tuttle for the design.

    $db = ADONewConnection("oci8"); 
    $db->Connect("foo.com:1521", "uid", "pwd", "FOO"); 
    $rs = $db->ExecuteCursor("begin :cursorvar := getdata(:param1); end;", 
					'cursorvar',
					array('param1'=>10)); 
    # $rs is now just like any other ADOdb recordset object
    rs2html($rs);

ExecuteCursor() is a helper function that does the following internally:

	$stmt = $db->Prepare("BEGIN :RS := SP_FOO(); END;");
	$db->Parameter($stmt, $cur, 'RS', false, -1, OCI_B_CURSOR);
	$rs = $db->Execute($stmt);

SelectLimit($sql,$numrows=-1,$offset=-1,$inputarr=false)

Returns a recordset if successful. Returns false otherwise. Performs a select statement, simulating PostgreSQL's SELECT statement, LIMIT $numrows OFFSET $offset clause.

In PostgreSQL, SELECT * FROM TABLE LIMIT 3 will return the first 3 records only. The equivalent is $connection->SelectLimit('SELECT * FROM TABLE',3). This functionality is simulated for databases that do not possess this feature.

And SELECT * FROM TABLE LIMIT 3 OFFSET 2 will return records 3, 4 and 5 (eg. after record 2, return 3 rows). The equivalent in ADOdb is $connection->SelectLimit('SELECT * FROM TABLE',3,2).

Note that this is the opposite of MySQL's LIMIT clause. You can also set $connection->SelectLimit('SELECT * FROM TABLE',-1,10) to get rows 11 to the last row.

The last parameter $inputarr is for databases that support variable binding such as Oracle oci8. This substantially reduces SQL compilation overhead. Below is an Oracle example:

 $conn->SelectLimit("SELECT * FROM TABLE WHERE COND=:val", 100,-1,array('val'=> $val));
 

The oci8po driver (oracle portable driver) uses the more standard bind variable of ?:

 $conn->SelectLimit("SELECT * FROM TABLE WHERE COND=?", 100,-1,array('val'=> $val));

Ron Wilson reports that SelectLimit does not work with UNIONs.

CacheSelectLimit([$secs2cache,] $sql, $numrows=-1,$offset=-1,$inputarr=false)

Similar to SelectLimit, except that the recordset returned is cached for $secs2cache seconds in the $ADODB_CACHE_DIR directory.

Since 1.80, $secs2cache has been optional, and you can define the caching time in $connection->cacheSecs.

CacheFlush($sql=false,$inputarr=false)

Flush (delete) any cached recordsets for the SQL statement $sql in $ADODB_CACHE_DIR.

If no parameter is passed in, then all adodb_*.cache files are deleted.

If you want to flush all cached recordsets manually, execute the following PHP code (works only under Unix):
  system("rm -f `find ".$ADODB_CACHE_DIR." -name adodb_*.cache`");

For general cleanup of all expired files, you should use crontab on Unix, or at.exe on Windows, and a shell script similar to the following:
#------------------------------------------------------
# This particular example deletes files in the TMPPATH
# directory with the string ".cache" in their name that
# are more than 7 days old.
#------------------------------------------------------
AGED=7
find ${TMPPATH} -mtime +$AGED | grep "\.cache" | xargs rm -f

MetaError($errno=false)

Returns a virtualized error number, based on PEAR DB's error number system. You might need to include adodb-error.inc.php before you call this function. The parameter $errno is the native error number you want to convert. If you do not pass any parameter, MetaError will call ErrorNo() for you and convert it. If the error number cannot be virtualized, MetaError will return -1 (DB_ERROR).

MetaErrorMsg($errno)

Pass the error number returned by MetaError() for the equivalent textual error message.

ErrorMsg()

Returns the last status or error message. This can return a string even if no error occurs. In general you do not need to call this function unless an ADOdb function returns false on an error.

Note: If debug is enabled, the SQL error message is always displayed when the Execute function is called.

ErrorNo()

Returns the last error number. Note that old versions of PHP (pre 4.0.6) do not support error number for ODBC. In general you do not need to call this function unless an ADOdb function returns false on an error.

CreateSequence($seqName = 'adodbseq',$startID=1)

Create a sequence. The next time GenID( ) is called, the value returned will be $startID. Added in 2.60.

DropSequenceD($seqName = 'adodbseq')

Delete a sequence. Added in 2.60.

GenID($seqName = 'adodbseq',$startID=1)

Generate a sequence number . Works for interbase, mysql, postgresql, oci8, oci8po, mssql, ODBC based (access,vfp,db2,etc) drivers currently. Uses $seqName as the name of the sequence. GenID() will automatically create the sequence for you if it does not exist (provided the userid has permission to do so). Otherwise you will have to create the sequence yourself.

If your database driver emulates sequences, the name of the table is the sequence name. The table has one column, "id" which should be of type integer, or if you need something larger - numeric(16).

For ODBC and databases that do not support sequences natively (eg mssql, mysql), we create a table for each sequence. If the sequence has not been defined earlier, it is created with the starting value set in $startID.

Note that the mssql driver's GenID() before 1.90 used to generate 16 byte GUID's.

UpdateBlob($table,$column,$val,$where)

Usage:

	# for oracle
	$conn->Execute('INSERT INTO blobtable (id, blobcol) VALUES (1, empty_blob())');
	$conn->UpdateBlob('blobtable','blobcol',$blobvalue,'id=1');
	
	# non oracle databases
	$conn->Execute('INSERT INTO blobtable (id, blobcol) VALUES (1, null)');
	$conn->UpdateBlob('blobtable','blobcol',$blobvalue,'id=1');

Returns true if succesful, false otherwise. Supported by MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oci8, Oci8po and Interbase drivers. Other drivers might work, depending on the state of development.

Note that when an Interbase blob is retrieved using SELECT, it still needs to be decoded using $connection->DecodeBlob($blob); to derive the original value in versions of PHP before 4.1.0.

For PostgreSQL, you can store your blob using blob oid's or as a bytea field. You can use bytea fields but not blob oid's currently with UpdateBlob( ). Conversely UpdateBlobFile( ) supports oid's, but not bytea data.

If you do not pass in an oid, then UpdateBlob() assumes that you are storing in bytea fields.

UpdateClob($table,$column,$val,$where)

Usage:

	# for oracle
	$conn->Execute('INSERT INTO clobtable (id, clobcol) VALUES (1, empty_clob())');
	$conn->UpdateBlob('clobtable','clobcol',$clobvalue,'id=1');
	
	# non oracle databases
	$conn->Execute('INSERT INTO clobtable (id, clobcol) VALUES (1, null)');
	$conn->UpdateBlob('clobtable','clobcol',$clobvalue,'id=1');

UpdateBlobFile($table,$column,$path,$where,$blobtype='BLOB')

Similar to UpdateBlob, except that we pass in a file path to where the blob resides.

For PostgreSQL, if you are using blob oid's, use this interface. This interface does not support bytea fields.

Returns true if successful, false otherwise.

BlobEncode($blob)

Some databases require blob's to be encoded manually before upload. Note if you use UpdateBlob( ) or UpdateBlobFile( ) the conversion is done automatically for you and you do not have to call this function. For PostgreSQL, currently, BlobEncode() can only be used for bytea fields.

Returns the encoded blob value.

Note that there is a connection property called blobEncodeType which has 3 legal values:

false - no need to perform encoding or decoding.
'I' - blob encoding required, and returned encoded blob is a numeric value (no need to quote).
'C' - blob encoding required, and returned encoded blob is a character value (requires quoting).

This is purely for documentation purposes, so that programs that accept multiple database drivers know what is the right thing to do when processing blobs.

Replace($table, $arrFields, $keyCols,$autoQuote=false)

Try to update a record, and if the record is not found, an insert statement is generated and executed. Returns 0 on failure, 1 if update statement worked, 2 if no record was found and the insert was executed successfully. This differs from MySQL's replace which deletes the record and inserts a new record. This also means you cannot update the primary key. The only exception to this is Interbase and its derivitives, which uses delete and insert because of some Interbase API limitations.

The parameters are $table which is the table name, the $keyCols which is an associative array where the keys are the field names, and keyCols is the name of the primary key, or an array of field names if it is a compound key. If $autoQuote is set to true, then Replace() will quote all values that are non-numeric; auto-quoting will not quote nulls. Note that auto-quoting will not work if you use SQL functions or operators.

Examples:

# single field primary key
$ret = $db->Replace('atable', 
	array('id'=>1000,'firstname'=>'Harun','lastname'=>'Al-Rashid'),
	'id',
	'firstname',$autoquote = true);	
# generates UPDATE atable SET firstname='Harun',lastname='Al-Rashid' WHERE id=1000
# or INSERT INTO atable (id,firstname,lastname) VALUES (1000,'Harun','Al-Rashid')

# compound key
$ret = $db->Replace('atable2', 
	array('firstname'=>'Harun','lastname'=>'Al-Rashid', 'age' => 33, 'birthday' => 'null'),
	array('lastname','firstname'),
	'firstname',$autoquote = true);

# no auto-quoting
$ret = $db->Replace('atable2', 
	array('firstname'=>"'Harun'",'lastname'=>"'Al-Rashid'", 'age' => 'null'),
	array('lastname','firstname'),
	'firstname');	

GetUpdateSQL(&$rs, $arrFields, $forceUpdate=false,$magicq=false)

Generate SQL to update a table given a recordset $rs, and the modified fields of the array $arrFields (which must be an associative array holding the column names and the new values) are compared with the current recordset. If $forceUpdate is true, then we also generate the SQL even if $arrFields is identical to $rs->fields. Requires the recordset to be associative. $magicq is used to indicate whether magic quotes are enabled (see qstr()). The field names in the array are case-insensitive.

Since 3.61, define('ADODB_FORCE_NULLS',1) and all PHP nulls will be auto-converted to SQL nulls.

GetInsertSQL(&$rs, $arrFields,$magicq=false)

Generate SQL to insert into a table given a recordset $rs. Requires the query to be associative. $magicq is used to indicate whether magic quotes are enabled (for qstr()). The field names in the array are case-insensitive.

Since 3.61, define('ADODB_FORCE_NULLS',1) and all PHP nulls will be auto-converted to SQL nulls. PageExecute($sql, $nrows, $page, $inputarr=false)

Used for pagination of recordset. $page is 1-based. See Example 8.

Close( )

Close the database connection. PHP4 proudly states that we no longer have to clean up at the end of the connection because the reference counting mechanism of PHP4 will automatically clean up for us.

StartTrans( )

Start a monitored transaction. As SQL statements are executed, ADOdb will monitor for SQL errors, and if any are detected, when CompleteTrans() is called, we auto-rollback.

To understand why StartTrans() is superior to BeginTrans(), let us examine a few ways of using BeginTrans(). The following is the wrong way to use transactions:

$DB->BeginTrans();
$DB->Execute("update table1 set val=$val1 where id=$id");
$DB->Execute("update table2 set val=$val2 where id=$id");
$DB->CommitTrans();

because you perform no error checking. It is possible to update table1 and for the update on table2 to fail. Here is a better way:

$DB->BeginTrans();
$ok = $DB->Execute("update table1 set val=$val1 where id=$id");
if ($ok) $ok = $DB->Execute("update table2 set val=$val2 where id=$id");
if ($ok) $DB->CommitTrans();
else $DB->RollbackTrans();

Another way is (since ADOdb 2.0):

$DB->BeginTrans();
$ok = $DB->Execute("update table1 set val=$val1 where id=$id");
if ($ok) $ok = $DB->Execute("update table2 set val=$val2 where id=$id");
$DB->CommitTrans($ok);

Now it is a headache monitoring $ok all over the place. StartTrans() is an improvement because it monitors all SQL errors for you. This is particularly useful if you are calling black-box functions in which SQL queries might be executed. Also all BeginTrans, CommitTrans and RollbackTrans calls inside a StartTrans block will be disabled, so even if the black box function does a commit, it will be ignored.

$DB->StartTrans();
CallBlackBox();
$DB->Execute("update table1 set val=$val1 where id=$id");
$DB->Execute("update table2 set val=$val2 where id=$id");
$DB->CompleteTrans($ok);

Note that a StartTrans blocks are nestable, the inner blocks are ignored.

CompleteTrans($autoComplete=true)

Complete a transaction called with StartTrans(). This function monitors for SQL errors, and will commit if no errors have occured, otherwise it will rollback. Returns true on commit, false on rollback. If the parameter $autoComplete is true monitor sql errors and commit and rollback as appropriate. Set $autoComplete to false to force rollback even if no SQL error detected.

FailTrans( )

Fail a transaction started with StartTrans(). The rollback will only occur when CompleteTrans() is called.

HasFailedTrans( )

Check whether smart transaction has failed, eg. returns true if there was an error in SQL execution or FailTrans() was called. If not within smart transaction, returns false.

BeginTrans( )

Begin a transaction. Turns off autoCommit. Returns true if successful. Some databases will always return false if transaction support is not available. Any open transactions will be rolled back when the connection is closed. Among the databases that support transactions are Oracle, PostgreSQL, Interbase, MSSQL, certain versions of MySQL, DB2, Informix, Sybase, etc.

Note that StartTrans() and CompleteTrans() is a superior method of handling transactions, available since ADOdb 3.40. For a explanation, see the StartTrans() documentation.

You can also use the ADOdb error handler to die and rollback your transactions for you transparently. Some buggy database extensions are known to commit all outstanding tranasactions, so you might want to explicitly do a $DB->RollbackTrans() in your error handler for safety.

Detecting Transactions

Since ADOdb 2.50, you are able to detect when you are inside a transaction. Check that $connection->transCnt > 0. This variable is incremented whenever BeginTrans() is called, and decremented whenever RollbackTrans() or CommitTrans() is called.

CommitTrans($ok=true)

End a transaction successfully. Returns true if successful. If the database does not support transactions, will return true also as data is always committed.

If you pass the parameter $ok=false, the data is rolled back. See example in BeginTrans().

RollbackTrans( )

End a transaction, rollback all changes. Returns true if successful. If the database does not support transactions, will return false as data is never rollbacked.

GetAssoc($sql,$inputarr=false,$force_array=false,$first2cols=false)

Returns an associative array for the given query $sql with optional bind parameters in $inputarr. If the number of columns returned is greater to two, a 2-dimensional array is returned, with the first column of the recordset becomes the keys to the rest of the rows. If the columns is equal to two, a 1-dimensional array is created, where the the keys directly map to the values (unless $force_array is set to true, when an array is created for each value).

Examples:

CacheGetAssoc([$secs2cache,] $sql,$inputarr=false,$force_array=false,$first2cols=false)

Caching version of GetAssoc function above.

GetOne($sql,$inputarr=false)

Executes the SQL and returns the first field of the first row. The recordset and remaining rows are discarded for you automatically. If an error occur, false is returned.

GetRow($sql,$inputarr=false)

Executes the SQL and returns the first row as an array. The recordset and remaining rows are discarded for you automatically. If an error occurs, false is returned.

GetAll($sql)

Similar to above Get* functions, except that the recordset is serialized and cached in the $ADODB_CACHE_DIR directory for $secs2cache seconds. Good for speeding up queries on rarely changing data. Note that the $secs2cache parameter is optional. If omitted, we use the value in $connection->cacheSecs (default is 3600 seconds, or 1 hour).

Prepare($sql )

Also see PrepareSP() and Parameter() below. Only supported internally by interbase, oci8 and selected ODBC-based drivers, otherwise it is emulated. There is no performance advantage to using Prepare() with emulation.

Important: Due to limitations or bugs in PHP, if you are getting errors when you using prepared queries, try setting $ADODB_COUNTRECS = false before preparing. This behaviour has been observed with ODBC.

IfNull($field, $nullReplacementValue)

Portable IFNULL function (NVL in Oracle). Returns a string that represents the function that checks whether a $field is null for the given database, and if null, change the value returned to $nullReplacementValue. Eg.

$sql = 'SELECT '.$db->IfNull('name', "'- unknown -'"). ' FROM table';

Param($name )

Generates a bind placeholder portably. For most databases, the bind placeholder is "?". However some databases use named bind parameters such as Oracle, eg ":somevar". This allows us to portably define an SQL statement with bind parameters:

$sql = 'insert into table (col1,col2) values ('.$DB->Param('a').','.$DB->Param('b').')';
# generates 'insert into table (col1,col2) values (?,?)'
# or        'insert into table (col1,col2) values (:a,:b)'
$stmt = $DB->Prepare($sql);
$stmt = $DB->Execute($stmt,array('one','two'));

# @RETVAL = SP_RUNSOMETHING @myid,@group
$stmt = $db->PrepareSP('SP_RUNSOMETHING'); 
# note that the parameter name does not have @ in front!
$db->Parameter($stmt,$id,'myid'); 
$db->Parameter($stmt,$group,'group',false,64);
# return value in mssql - RETVAL is hard-coded name 
$db->Parameter($stmt,$ret,'RETVAL',true); 
$db->Execute($stmt); 

An oci8 example:

# For oracle, Prepare and PrepareSP are identical
$stmt = $db->PrepareSP(
	"declare RETVAL integer; 
	 begin 
		:RETVAL := SP_RUNSOMETHING(:myid,:group); 
	 end;");
$db->Parameter($stmt,$id,'myid');
$db->Parameter($stmt,$group,'group',false,64);
$db->Parameter($stmt,$ret,'RETVAL',true);
$db->Execute($stmt);

$id = 0; $i = 0;
$stmt = $db->PrepareSP( "update table set val=:i where id=:id");
$db->Parameter($stmt,$id,'id');
$db->Parameter($stmt,$i, 'i');
for ($cnt=0; $cnt < 1000; $cnt++) {
	$id = $cnt; 
	$i = $cnt * $cnt; # works with oci8!
	$db->Execute($stmt); 
}

This is a low-level function supported only by the oci8 driver. Avoid using unless you only want to support Oracle. The Parameter( ) function is the recommended way to go with bind variables.

Bind( ) allows you to use bind variables in your sql statement. This binds a PHP variable to a name defined in an Oracle sql statement that was previously prepared using Prepare(). Oracle named variables begin with a colon, and ADOdb requires the named variables be called :0, :1, :2, :3, etc. The first invocation of Bind() will match :0, the second invocation will match :1, etc. Binding can provide 100% speedups for insert, select and update statements.

The other variables, $size sets the buffer size for data storage, $type is the optional descriptor type OCI_B_FILE (Binary-File), OCI_B_CFILE (Character-File), OCI_B_CLOB (Character-LOB), OCI_B_BLOB (Binary-LOB) and OCI_B_ROWID (ROWID). Lastly, instead of using the default :0, :1, etc names, you can define your own bind-name using $name.

The following example shows 3 bind variables being used: p1, p2 and p3. These variables are bound to :0, :1 and :2.

$stmt = $DB->Prepare("insert into table (col0, col1, col2) values (:0, :1, :2)");
$DB->Bind($stmt, $p1);
$DB->Bind($stmt, $p2);
$DB->Bind($stmt, $p3);
for ($i = 0; $i < $max; $i++) { 
   $p1 = ?; $p2 = ?; $p3 = ?;
   $DB->Execute($stmt);
}

You can also use named variables:

$stmt = $DB->Prepare("insert into table (col0, col1, col2) values (:name0, :name1, :name2)");
$DB->Bind($stmt, $p1, "name0");
$DB->Bind($stmt, $p2, "name1");
$DB->Bind($stmt, $p3, "name2");
for ($i = 0; $i < $max; $i++) { 
   $p1 = ?; $p2 = ?; $p3 = ?;
   $DB->Execute($stmt);
}

LogSQL($enable=true)

		mysql:
		CREATE TABLE adodb_logsql (
		  created datetime NOT NULL,
		  sql0 varchar(250) NOT NULL,
		  sql1 text NOT NULL,
		  params text NOT NULL,
		  tracer text NOT NULL,
		  timer decimal(16,6) NOT NULL
		)
		
		postgres:
		CREATE TABLE adodb_logsql (
		  created timestamp NOT NULL,
		  sql0 varchar(250) NOT NULL,
		  sql1 text NOT NULL,
		  params text NOT NULL,
		  tracer text NOT NULL,
		  timer decimal(16,6) NOT NULL
		)
		
		mssql:
		CREATE TABLE adodb_logsql (
		  created datetime NOT NULL,
		  sql0 varchar(250) NOT NULL,
		  sql1 varchar(4000) NOT NULL,
		  params varchar(3000) NOT NULL,
		  tracer varchar(500) NOT NULL,
		  timer decimal(16,6) NOT NULL
		)
		
		oci8:
		CREATE TABLE adodb_logsql (
		  created date NOT NULL,
		  sql0 varchar(250) NOT NULL,
		  sql1 varchar(4000) NOT NULL,
		  params varchar(4000),
		  tracer varchar(4000),
		  timer decimal(16,6) NOT NULL
		)

	$conn->LogSQL(); // turn on logging
	  :
	$conn->Execute(...);
	  :
	$conn->LogSQL(false); // turn off logging
	
	# output summary of SQL logging results
	$perf = NewPerfMonitor($conn);
	echo $perf->SuspiciousSQL();
	echo $perf->ExpensiveSQL();

Also see Performance Monitor.

fnExecute and fnCacheExecute properties

These two properties allow you to define bottleneck functions for all sql statements processed by ADOdb. This allows you to perform statistical analysis and query-rewriting of your sql.

Examples of fnExecute

Here is an example of using fnExecute, to count all cached queries and non-cached queries, you can do this:

# $db is the connection object
function CountExecs($db, $sql, $inputarray)
{
global $EXECS;

if (!is_array(inputarray)) $EXECS++;
# handle 2-dimensional input arrays
else if (is_array(reset($inputarray))) $EXECS += sizeof($inputarray);
else $EXECS++;
}

# $db is the connection object
function CountCachedExecs($db, $secs2cache, $sql, $inputarray)
{
global $CACHED; $CACHED++;
}

$db = NewADOConnection('mysql');
$db->Connect(...);
$db->fnExecute = 'CountExecs';
$db->fnCacheExecute = 'CountCachedExecs';
 :
 :
# After many sql statements:`
printf("<p>Total queries=%d; total cached=%d</p>",$EXECS+$CACHED, $CACHED);

The fnExecute function is called before the sql is parsed and executed, so you can perform a query rewrite. If you are passing in a prepared statement, then $sql is an array (see Prepare). The fnCacheExecute function is only called if the recordset returned was cached. The function parameters match the Execute and CacheExecute functions respectively, except that $this (the connection object) is passed as the first parameter.

Since ADOdb 3.91, the behaviour of fnExecute varies depending on whether the defined function returns a value. If it does not return a value, then the $sql is executed as before. This is useful for query rewriting or counting sql queries.

On the other hand, you might want to replace the Execute function with one of your own design. If this is the case, then have your function return a value. If a value is returned, that value is returned immediately, without any further processing. This is used internally by ADOdb to implement LogSQL() functionality.

MetaPrimaryKeys($table, $owner=false)

Returns an array containing column names that are the primary keys of $table. Supported by mysql, odbc (including db2, odbc_mssql, etc), mssql, postgres, interbase/firebird, oci8 currently.

ServerInfo($table)

Returns an array of containing two elements 'description' and 'version'. The 'description' element contains the string description of the database. The 'version' naturally holds the version number (which is also a string).

MetaForeignKeys($table, $owner=false, $upper=false)

Returns an associate array of foreign keys, or false if not supported. For example, if table employee has a foreign key where employee.deptkey points to dept_table.deptid, and employee.posn=posn_table.postionid and employee.poscategory=posn_table.category, then $conn->MetaForeignKeys('employee') will return

	array(
		'dept_table' => array('deptkey=deptid'),
		'posn_table' => array('posn=positionid','poscategory=category')
	)

This function is available in both ADORecordSet and ADOConnection since 1.91.

OffsetDate($dayFraction, $basedate=false)

Returns a string with the native SQL functions to calculate future and past dates based on $basedate in a portable fashion. If $basedate is not defined, then the current date (at 12 midnight) is used. Returns the SQL string that performs the calculation when passed to Execute().

For example, in Oracle, to find the date and time that is 2.5 days from today, you can use:

# get date one week from now
$fld = $conn->OffsetDate(7); // returns "(trunc(sysdate)+7")

# get date and time that is 60 hours from current date and time
$fld = $conn->OffsetDate(2.5, $conn->sysTimeStamp);	// returns "(sysdate+2.5)"

$conn->Execute("UPDATE TABLE SET dodate=$fld WHERE ID=$id");

This function is available for mysql, mssql, oracle, oci8 and postgresql drivers since 2.13. It might work with other drivers provided they allow performing numeric day arithmetic on dates.

 Y: 4-digit Year
 Q: Quarter (1-4)
 m: Month (01-12)
 d: Day (01-31)
 H: Hour (00-23)
 h: Hour (1-12)
 i: Minute (00-59)
 s: Second (00-60)
 A: AM/PM indicator

 $sqlfn = $db->SQLDate('Y-\QQ','postdate'); # get sql that formats postdate to output 2002-Q1
 $sql = "SELECT $sqlfn,SUM(cogs) FROM table GROUP BY $sqlfn ORDER BY 1 desc";
 

$rs = $db->Execute($sql);
if ($rs) 
	while (!$rs->EOF) {
 		ProcessArray($rs->fields);	
		$rs->MoveNext();
	} 

AbsolutePage($page=-1)

Returns the current page. Requires PageExecute()/CachePageExecute() to be called. See Example 8.

Returns array containing current row, or false if EOF. FetchRow( ) internally moves to the next record after returning the current row.

Warning: Do not mix using FetchRow() with MoveNext().

Usage:

$rs = $db->Execute($sql);
if ($rs)
	while ($arr = $rs->FetchRow()) {
	     # process $arr	
	}

FetchInto(&$array)

Sets $array to the current row. Returns PEAR_Error object if EOF, 1 if ok (DB_OK constant). If PEAR is undefined, false is returned when EOF. FetchInto( ) internally moves to the next record after returning the current row.

FetchRow() is easier to use. See above.

$rs = $db->Execute('execute return_multiple_rs');
$arr1 = $rs->GetArray();
$rs->NextRecordSet();
$arr2 = $rs->GetArray();

$rs = $db->Execute('select firstname,lastname from table');
if ($rs) {
	while ($o = $rs->FetchNextObject()) {
		print "$o->FIRSTNAME, $o->LASTNAME<BR>";
	}
}

Returns the current record as an object. Fields are not upper-cased, unlike FetchObject.

FetchNextObj()

Returns the current record as an object and moves to the next record. If EOF, false is returned. Fields are not upper-cased, unlike FetctNextObject.

Since ADOdb 3.0, MetaType accepts $fieldobj as the first parameter, instead of $nativeDBType.

<?
include('tohtml.inc.php'); # load code common to ADOdb 
include('adodb.inc.php'); # load code common to ADOdb 
$conn = &ADONewConnection('mysql');   # create a connection 
$conn->PConnect('localhost','userid','','agora');# connect to MySQL, agora db
$sql = 'select CustomerName, CustomerID from customers'; 
$rs   = $conn->Execute($sql); 
rs2html($rs,'border=2 cellpadding=3',array('Customer Name','Customer ID'));
?>

Change Log

4.00 ??

Create trigger in datadict-oci8.inc.php did not work, because all cr/lf's must be removed.

ErrorMsg()/ErrorNo() did not work for many databases when logging enabled. Fixed.

Removed global variable $ADODB_LOGSQL as it does not work properly with multiple connections.

Added SQLDate support for sybase. Thx to Chris Phillipson

Postgresql checking of pgsql resultset resource was incorrect. Fix by Bharat Mediratta bharat#menalto.com. Same patch applied to _insertid and _affectedrows for adodb-postgres64.inc.php.

Added support for NConnect for postgresql.

Added Sybase data dict support. Thx to Chris Phillipson

Extensive improvements in $perf->UI(), eg. Explain now opens in new window, we show scripts which call sql, etc.

Perf Monitor UI works with magic quotes enabled.

rsPrefix was declared twice. Removed.

Oci8 stored procedure support, eg. "begin func(); end;" was incorrect in _query. Fixed.

Tiraboschi Massimiliano contributed italian language file.

Fernando Ortiz, fortiz#lacorona.com.mx, contributed informix performance monitor.

Added _varchar (varchar arrays) support for postgresql. Reported by PREVOT Stéphane.

3.92 22 Sept 2003

Added GetAssoc and CacheGetAssoc to connection object.

Removed TextMax and CharMax functions from adodb.inc.php.

HasFailedTrans() returned false when trans failed. Fixed.

Moved perf driver classes into adodb/perf/*.php.

Misc improvements to performance monitoring, including UI().

RETVAL in mssql Parameter(), we do not append @ now.

Added Param($name) to connection class, returns '?' or ":$name", for defining bind parameters portably.

LogSQL traps affected_rows() and saves its value properly now. Also fixed oci8 _stmt and _affectedrows() bugs.

Session code timestamp check for oci8 works now. Formerly default NLS_DATE_FORMAT stripped off time portion. Thx to Tony Blair (tonanbarbarian#hotmail.com). Also added new $conn->datetime field to oci8, controls whether MetaType() returns 'D' ($this->datetime==false) or 'T' ($this->datetime == true) for DATE type.

Fixed bugs in adodb-cryptsession.inc.php and adodb-session-clob.inc.php.

Fixed misc bugs in adodb_key_exists, GetInsertSQL() and GetUpdateSQL().

Tuned include_once handling to reduce file-system checking overhead.

3.91 9 Sept 2003

Only released to InterAkt

Added LogSQL() for sql logging and $ADODB_NEWCONNECTION to override factory for driver instantiation.

Added IfNull($field,$ifNull) function, thx to johnwilk#juno.com

Added portable substr support.

Now rs2html() has new parameter, $echo. Set to false to return $html instead of echoing it.

3.90 5 Sept 2003

First beta of performance monitoring released.

MySQL supports MetaTable() masking.

Fixed key_exists() bug in adodb-lib.inc.php

Added sp_executesql Prepare() support to mssql.

Added bind support to db2.

Added swedish language file - Christian Tiberg" christian#commsoft.nu

Bug in drop index for mssql data dict fixed. Thx to Gert-Rainer Bitterlich.

Left join setting for oci8 was wrong. Thx to johnwilk#juno.com

3.80 27 Aug 2003

Patch for PHP 4.3.3 cached recordset csv2rs() fread loop incompatibility.

Added matching mask for MetaTables. Only for oci8, mssql and postgres currently.

Rewrite of "oracle" driver connection code, merging with "oci8", by Gaetano.

Added better debugging for Smart Transactions.

Postgres DBTimeStamp() was wrongly using TO_DATE. Changed to TO_TIMESTAMP.

ADODB_FETCH_CASE check pushed to ADONewConnection to allow people to define it after including adodb.inc.php.

Added portugese (brazilian) to languages. Thx to "Levi Fukumori".

Removed arg3 parameter from Execute/SelectLimit/Cache* functions.

Execute() now accepts 2-d array as $inputarray. Also changed docs of fnExecute() to note change in sql query counting with 2-d arrays.

Added MONEY to MetaType in PostgreSQL.

Added more debugging output to CacheFlush().

3.72 9 Aug 2003

Added qmagic($str), which is a qstr($str) that auto-checks for magic quotes and does the right thing...

Fixed CacheFlush() bug - Thx to martin#gmx.de

Walt Boring contributed MetaForeignKeys for postgres7.

_fetch() called _BlobDecode() wrongly in interbase. Fixed.

adodb_time bug fixed with dates after 2038 fixed by Jason Pell. http://phplens.com/lens/lensforum/msgs.php?id=6980

3.71 4 Aug 2003

The oci8 driver, MetaPrimaryKeys() did not check the owner correctly when $owner == false.

Russian language file contributed by "Cyrill Malevanov" cyrill#malevanov.spb.ru.

Spanish language file contributed by "Horacio Degiorgi" horaciod#codigophp.com.

Error handling in oci8 bugfix - if there was an error in Execute(), then when calling ErrorNo() and/or ErrorMsg(), the 1st call would return the error, but the 2nd call would return no error.

Error handling in odbc bugfix. ODBC would always return the last error, even if it happened 5 queries ago. Now we reset the errormsg to '' and errorno to 0 everytime before CacheExecute() and Execute().

3.70 29 July 2003

Added new SQLite driver. Tested on PHP 4.3 and PHP 5.

Added limited "sapdb" driver support - mainly date support.

The oci8 driver did not identify NUMBER with no defined precision correctly.

Added ADODB_FORCE_NULLS, if set, then PHP nulls are converted to SQL nulls in GetInsertSQL/GetUpdateSQL.

DBDate() and DBTimeStamp() format for postgresql had problems. Fixed.

Added tableoptions to ChangeTableSQL(). Thx to Mike Benoit.

Added charset support to postgresql. Thx to Julian Tarkhanov.

Changed OS check for MS-Windows to prevent confusion with darWIN (MacOS)

Timestamp format for db2 was wrong. Changed to yyyy-mm-dd-hh.mm.ss.nnnnnn.

adodb-cryptsession.php includes wrong. Fixed.

Added MetaForeignKeys(). Supported by mssql, odbc_mssql and oci8.

Fixed some oci8 MetaColumns/MetaPrimaryKeys bugs. Thx to Walt Boring.

adodb_getcount() did not init qryRecs to 0. Missing "WHERE" clause checking in GetUpdateSQL fixed. Thx to Sebastiaan van Stijn.

Added support for only 'VIEWS' and "TABLES" in MetaTables. From Walt Boring.

Upgraded to adodb-xmlschema.inc.php 0.0.2.

NConnect for mysql now returns value. Thx to Dennis Verspuij.

ADODB_FETCH_BOTH support added to interbase/firebird.

Czech language file contributed by Kamil Jakubovic jake#host.sk.

PostgreSQL BlobDecode did not use _connectionID properly. Thx to Juraj Chlebec.

Added some new initialization stuff for Informix. Thx to "Andrea Pinnisi" pinnisi#sysnet.it

ADODB_ASSOC_CASE constant wrong in sybase _fetch(). Fixed.

3.60 16 June 2003

We now SET CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL OFF for odbc_mssql driver to be compat with mssql driver.

The property $emptyDate missing from connection class. Also changed 1903 to constant (TIMESTAMP_FIRST_YEAR=100). Thx to Sebastiaan van Stijn.

ADOdb speedup optimization - we now return all arrays by reference.

Now DBDate() and DBTimeStamp() now accepts the string 'null' as a parameter. Suggested by vincent.

Added GetArray() to connection class.

Added not_null check in informix metacolumns().

Connection parameters for postgresql did not work correctly when port was defined.

DB2 is now a tested driver, making adodb 100% compatible. Extensive changes to odbc driver for DB2, including implementing serverinfo() and SQLDate(), switching to SQL_CUR_USE_ODBC as the cursor mode, and lastAffectedRows and SelectLimit() fixes.

The odbc driver's FetchField() field names did not obey ADODB_ASSOC_CASE. Fixed.

Some bugs in adodb_backtrace() fixed.

Added "INT IDENTITY" type to adorecordset::MetaType() to support odbc_mssql properly.

MetaColumns() for oci8, mssql, odbc revised to support scale. Also minor revisions to odbc MetaColumns() for vfp and db2 compat.

Added unsigned support to mysql datadict class. Thx to iamsure.

Infinite loop in mssql MoveNext() fixed when ADODB_FETCH_ASSOC used. Thx to Josh R, Night_Wulfe#hotmail.com.

ChangeTableSQL contributed by Florian Buzin.

The odbc_mssql driver now sets CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL OFF for compat with mssql driver.

3.50 19 May 2003

Fixed mssql compat with FreeTDS. FreeTDS does not implement mssql_fetch_assoc().

Merged back connection and recordset code into adodb.inc.php.

ADOdb sessions using oracle clobs contributed by achim.gosse#ddd.de. See adodb-session-clob.php.

Added /s modifier to preg_match everywhere, which ensures that regex does not stop at /n. Thx Pao-Hsi Huang.

Fixed error in metacolumns() for mssql.

Added time format support for SQLDate.

Image => B added to metatype.

MetaType now checks empty($this->blobSize) instead of empty($this).

Datadict has beta support for informix, sybase (mapped to mssql), db2 and generic (which is a fudge).

BlobEncode for postgresql uses pg_escape_bytea, if available. Needed for compat with 7.3.

Added $ADODB_LANG, to support multiple languages in MetaErrorMsg().

Datadict can now parse table definition as declarative text.

For DataDict, oci8 autoincrement trigger missing semi-colon. Fixed.

For DataDict, when REPLACE flag enabled, drop sequence in datadict for autoincrement field in postgres and oci8.s

Postgresql defaults to template1 database if no database defined in connect/pconnect.

We now clear _resultid in postgresql if query fails.

3.40 19 May 2003

Added insert_id for odbc_mssql.

Modified postgresql UpdateBlobFile() because it did not work in safe mode.

Now connection object is passed to raiseErrorFn as last parameter. Needed by StartTrans().

Added StartTrans() and CompleteTrans(). It is recommended that you do not modify transOff, but use the above functions.

oci8po now obeys ADODB_ASSOC_CASE settings.

Added virtualized error codes, using PEAR DB equivalents. Requires you to manually include adodb-error.inc.php yourself, with MetaError() and MetaErrorMsg($errno).

GetRowAssoc for mysql and pgsql were flawed. Fix by Ross Smith.

Added to datadict types I1, I2, I4 and I8. Changed datadict type 'T' to map to timestamp instead of datetime for postgresql.

Error handling in ExecuteSQLArray(), adodb-datadict.inc.php did not work.

We now auto-quote postgresql connection parameters when building connection string.

Added session expiry notification.

We now test with odbc mysql - made some changes to odbc recordset constructor.

MetaColumns now special cases access and other databases for odbc.

3.31 17 March 2003

Added row checking for _fetch in postgres.

Added Interval type to MetaType for postgres.

Remapped postgres driver to call postgres7 driver internally.

Adorecordset_array::getarray() did not return array when nRows >= 0.

Postgresql: at times, no error message returned by pg_result_error() but error message returned in pg_last_error(). Recoded again.

Interbase blob's now use chunking for updateblob.

Move() did not set EOF correctly. Reported by Jorma T.

We properly support mysql timestamp fields when we are creating mysql tables using the data-dict interface.

Table regex includes backticks character now.

3.30 3 March 2003

Added $ADODB_EXTENSION and $ADODB_COMPAT_FETCH constant.

Made blank1stItem configurable using syntax "value:text" in GetMenu/GetMenu2. Thx to Gabriel Birke.

Previously ADOdb differed from the Microsoft standard because it did not define what to set $this->fields when EOF was reached. Now at EOF, ADOdb sets $this->fields to false for all databases, which is consist with Microsoft's implementation. Postgresql and mysql have always worked this way (in 3.11 and earlier). If you are experiencing compatibility problems (and you are not using postgresql nor mysql) on upgrading to 3.30, try setting the global variables $ADODB_COUNTRECS = true (which is the default) and $ADODB_FETCH_COMPAT = true (this is a new global variable).

We now check both pg_result_error and pg_last_error as sometimes pg_result_error does not display anything. Iman Mayes

We no longer check for magic quotes gpc in Quote().

Misc fixes for table creation in adodb-datadict.inc.php. Thx to iamsure.

Time calculations use adodb_time library for all negative timestamps due to problems in Red Hat 7.3 or later. Formerly, only did this for Windows.

In mssqlpo, we now check if $sql in _query is a string before we change || to +. This is to support prepared stmts.

Move() and MoveLast() internals changed to support to support EOF and $this->fields change.

Added ADODB_FETCH_BOTH support to mssql. Thx to Angel Fradejas afradejas#mediafusion.es

We now check if link resource exists before we run mysql_escape_string in qstr().

Before we flock in csv code, we check that it is not a http url.

3.20 17 Feb 2003

Added new Data Dictionary classes for creating tables and indexes. Warning - this is very much alpha quality code. The API can still change. See adodb/tests/test-datadict.php for more info.

We now ignore $ADODB_COUNTRECS for mysql, because PHP truncates incomplete recordsets when mysql_unbuffered_query() is called a second time.

Now postgresql works correctly when $ADODB_COUNTRECS = false.

Changed _adodb_getcount to properly support SELECT DISTINCT.

Discovered that $ADODB_COUNTRECS=true has some problems with prepared queries - suspect PHP bug.

Now GetOne and GetRow run in $ADODB_COUNTRECS=false mode for better performance.

Added support for mysql_real_escape_string() and pg_escape_string() in qstr().

Added an intermediate variable for mysql _fetch() and MoveNext() to store fields, to prevent overwriting field array with boolean when mysql_fetch_array() returns false.

Made arrays for getinsertsql and getupdatesql case-insensitive. Suggested by Tim Uckun" tim#diligence.com

3.11 11 Feb 2003

Added check for ADODB_NEVER_PERSIST constant in PConnect(). If defined, then PConnect() will actually call non-persistent Connect().

Modified interbase to properly work with Prepare().

Added $this->ibase_timefmt to allow you to change the date and time format.

Added support for $input_array parameter in CacheFlush().

Added experimental support for dbx, which was then removed when i found that it was slower than using native calls.

Added MetaPrimaryKeys for mssql and ibase/firebird.

Added new $trim parameter to GetCol and CacheGetCol

Uses updated adodb-time.inc.php 0.06.

3.10 27 Jan 2003

Added adodb_date(), adodb_getdate(), adodb_mktime() and adodb-time.inc.php.

For interbase, added code to handle unlimited number of bind parameters. From Daniel Hasan daniel#hasan.cl.

Added BlobDecode and UpdateBlob for informix. Thx to Fernando Ortiz.

Added constant ADODB_WINDOWS. If defined, means that running on Windows.

Added constant ADODB_PHPVER which stores php version as a hex num. Removed $ADODB_PHPVER variable.

Felho Bacsi reported a minor white-space regular expression problem in GetInsertSQL.

Modified ADO to use variant to store _affectedRows

Changed ibase to use base class Replace(). Modified base class Replace() to support ibase.

Changed odbc to auto-detect when 0 records returned is wrong due to bad odbc drivers.

Changed mssql to use datetimeconvert ini setting only when 4.30 or later (does not work in 4.23).

ExecuteCursor($stmt, $cursorname, $params) now accepts a new $params array of additional bind parameters -- William Lovaton walovaton#yahoo.com.mx.

Added support for sybase_unbuffered_query if ADODB_COUNTRECS == false. Thx to chuck may.

Fixed FetchNextObj() bug. Thx to Jorma Tuomainen.

We now use SCOPE_IDENTITY() instead of @@IDENTITY for mssql - thx to marchesini#eside.it

Changed postgresql movenext logic to prevent illegal row number from being passed to pg_fetch_array().

Postgresql initrs bug found by "Bogdan RIPA" bripa#interakt.ro $f1 accidentally named $f

3.00 6 Jan 2003

Fixed adodb-pear.inc.php syntax error.

Improved _adodb_getcount() to use SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ($sql) for languages that accept it.

Fixed _adodb_getcount() caching error.

Added sql to retrive table and column info for odbc_mssql.

2.91 3 Jan 2003

Revised PHP version checking to use $ADODB_PHPVER with legal values 0x4000, 0x4050, 0x4200, 0x4300.

Added support for bytea fields and oid blobs in postgres by allowing BlobDecode() to detect and convert non-oid fields. Also added BlobEncode to postgres when you want to encode oid blobs.

Added blobEncodeType property for connections to inform phpLens what encoding method to use for blobs.

Added BlobDecode() and BlobEncode() to base ADOConnection class.

Added umask() to _gencachename() when creating directories.

Added charPage for ado drivers, so you can set the code page.

$conn->charPage = CP_UTF8;
$conn->Connect($dsn);

Modified _seek in mysql to check for num rows=0.

Added to metatypes new informix types for IDS 9.30. Thx Fernando Ortiz.

_maxrecordcount returned in CachePageExecute $rsreturn

Fixed sybase cacheselectlimit( ) problems

MetaColumns() max_length should use precision for types X and C for ms access. Fixed.

Speedup of odbc non-SELECT sql statements.

Added support in MetaColumns for Wide Char types for ODBC. We halve max_length if unicode/wide char.

Added 'B' to types handled by GetUpdateSQL/GetInsertSQL.

Fixed warning message in oci8 driver with $persist variable when using PConnect.

2.90 11 Dec 2002

Mssql and mssqlpo and oci8po now support ADODB_ASSOC_CASE.

Now MetaType() can accept a field object as the first parameter.

New $arr = $db->ServerInfo( ) function. Returns $arr['description'] which is the string description, and $arr['version'].

PostgreSQL and MSSQL speedups for insert/updates.

Implemented new SetFetchMode() that removes the need to use $ADODB_FETCH_MODE. Each connection has independant fetchMode.

ADODB_ASSOC_CASE now defaults to 2, use native defaults. This is because we would break backward compat for too many applications otherwise.

Patched encrypted sessions to use replace()

The qstr function supports quoting of nulls when escape character is \

Rewrote bits and pieces of session code to check for time synch and improve reliability.

Added property ADOConnection::hasTransactions = true/false;

Added CreateSequence and DropSequence functions

Found misplaced MoveNext() in adodb-postgres.inc.php. Fixed.

Sybase SelectLimit not reliable because 'set rowcount' not cached - fixed.

Moved ADOConnection to adodb-connection.inc.php and ADORecordSet to adodb-recordset.inc.php. This allows us to use doxygen to generate documentation. Doxygen doesn't like the classes in the main adodb.inc.php file for some mysterious reason.

2.50, 14 Nov 2002

Added transOff and transCnt properties for disabling (transOff = true) and tracking transaction status (transCnt>0).

Added inputarray handling into _adodb_pageexecute_all_rows - "Ross Smith" RossSmith#bnw.com.

Fixed postgresql inconsistencies in date handling.

Added support for mssql_fetch_assoc.

Fixed $ADODB_FETCH_MODE bug in odbc MetaTables() and MetaPrimaryKeys().

Accidentally declared UnixDate() twice, making adodb incompatible with php 4.3.0. Fixed.

Fixed pager problems with some databases that returned -1 for _currentRow on MoveLast() by switching to MoveNext() in adodb-lib.inc.php.

Also fixed uninited $discard in adodb-lib.inc.php.

2.43, 25 Oct 2002

Added support for NConnect() for oracle OCINLogin.

Fixed NumCols() bug.

Changed session handler to use Replace() on write.

Fixed oci8 SelectLimit aggregate function bug again.

Rewrote pivoting code.

2.42, 4 Oct 2002

Fixed ibase_fetch() problem with nulls. Also interbase now does automatic blob decoding, and is backward compatible. Suggested by Heinz Hombergs heinz#hhombergs.de.

Fixed postgresql MoveNext() problems when called repeatedly after EOF. Also suggested by Heinz Hombergs.

PageExecute() does not rewrite queries if SELECT DISTINCT is used. Requested by hans#velum.net

Added additional fixes to oci8 SelectLimit handling with aggregate functions - thx to Christian Bugge for reporting the problem.

2.41, 2 Oct 2002

Fixed ADODB_COUNTRECS bug in odbc. Thx to Joshua Zoshi jzoshi#hotmail.com.

Increased buffers for adodb-csvlib.inc.php for extremely long sql from 8192 to 32000.

Revised pivottable.inc.php code. Added better support for aggregate fields.

Fixed mysql text/blob types problem in MetaTypes base class - thx to horacio degiorgi.

Added SQLDate($fmt,$date) function, which allows an sql date format string to be generated - useful for group by's.

Fixed bug in oci8 SelectLimit when offset>100.

2.40 4 Sept 2002

Added new NLS_DATE_FORMAT property to oci8. Suggested by Laurent NAVARRO ln#altidev.com

Now use bind parameters in oci8 selectlimit for better performance.

Fixed interbase replaceQuote for dialect != 1. Thx to "BEGUIN Pierre-Henri - INFOCOB" phb#infocob.com.

Added white-space check to QA.

Changed unixtimestamp to support fractional seconds (we always round down/floor the seconds). Thanks to beezly#beezly.org.uk.

Now you can set the trigger_error type your own user-defined type in adodb-errorhandler.inc.php. Suggested by Claudio Bustos clbustos#entelchile.net.

Added recordset filters with rsfilter.inc.php.

$conn->_rs2rs does not create a new recordset when it detects it is of type array. Some trickery there as there seems to be a bug in Zend Engine

Added render_pagelinks to adodb-pager.inc.php. Code by "Pablo Costa" pablo#cbsp.com.br.

MetaType() speedup in adodb.inc.php by using hashing instead of switch. Best performance if constant arrays are supported, as they are in PHP5.

adodb-session.php now updates only the expiry date if the crc32 check indicates that the data has not been modified.

0.10 Sept 9 2000 First release

Old changelog history moved to old-changelog.htm.