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492 lines
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492 lines
24 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN">
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<!-- $Id$ -->
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<head>
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<title>phpGroupware: eTemplates - Templates and Dialog-Editor</title>
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<STYLE type="text/css">
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pre { font-family: monospace; background-color: #e0e0e0; padding: 2mm; border-width: thin; border-style: solid; border-color: black; white-space: pre; }
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span { color: darkblue; font-family: sans-serife; }
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li { margin-top: 5px; }
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body { background-color: white; color: black; }
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</STYLE>
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</head>
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<body>
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<h1>eTemplate - Templates and Dialog-Editor for phpGroupware</h1>
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<h3>by Ralf Becker <a href="mailto:RalfBecker@outdoor-training.de">RalfBecker@outdoor-training.de</a></h3>
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<p>A developers tutorial how to write an application with the new eTemplates.<br>
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It is also an introduction how to write a phpgw- and setup(3)-compatible app.</p>
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<hr>
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<h1>Introduction - The concept of the eTemplates</h1>
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The eTemplates
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<ul>
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<li>consist out of rows and cols with input-fields of several types
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<li>there is a dialog-editor (one part of the etemplate-app) to create the eTemplate
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<li>eTemplates can be (and are usully) nested, eg. a template-field can contain an other eTemplate
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<li>each field / cell of the template can have a lable which is automaticaly run through lang()
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(the content of the field can be run through lang() too)
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<li>the dialog editor can write all labels in a lang-file (mergeing it with the existing ones)
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<li>eTemplates have a name of the form app.function[.subtemplate] which is used to call them up
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<li>they can have further keys, on loading the class picks the most appropriate one for a user:
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<ol>
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<li>group: the id of a group if the template is just for that group (that allows admin to show differnt views to each group)
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<li>lang: the 2 or 5 letter language code (or empty for a non-language specific template)
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<li>template set: they belong too (if the template-set key is empty it is an default-template)
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<li>version: version number like: '0.9.15.001'
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</ol>
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<li>they are stored in an array and in serialized form in the db-table 'phpgw_etemplate'
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<li>the dialog editor can dump all templates of an app for distribution (so they can be in the CVS too)
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<li>they encapsulate differnt UI (User Interface) types from the app: at the moment only a HTML one is ready,
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but a GTK one (using <a href="http://gtk.php.net" target=_blank>php-gtk</a>, <b>running as native app under linux and
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win32</b>) and XUL is under development.<br>
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Here is a first screenshot of the DB-Tools as native Linux Application:
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</ul>
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<img src="gtk.png">
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<hr>
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<h1>Tutorial / Example: a simple media database</h1>
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<p>As an example we will run now through the necessary steps to create a simple media database using eTemplates and
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other tools and classes from the eTemplate app: db-tools and class.so_sql.inc.php.</p>
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<p>Out media database should have the usual fields: name, author, description, type: BOOK, CD, VIDEO and should be able
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to edit records and search for them.</p>
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<p>As a preaquistion you need to get / checkout the etemplate app, install the app via setup/manage applications and
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enable your account for using the app (Admin/User account: check eTemplates).</p>
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<h2>1. Creating a new phpgw app directory</h2>
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<p>Each app need a name, eg. 'et_media'. We now need to create the following directory structur above the phpgroupware dir:
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<pre>
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et_media <span>that has to be identical to our app-name</span>
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+ setup <span>files necessary for the setup Programm, give the webserver write-permission to that dir</span>
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+ inc <span>class-files</span>
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+ templates <span>templates, still needed to store the images and get around a lot of complains from the api</span>
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+ default
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+ images <span>here goes our images / icons</span>
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</pre>
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<h2>2. registering the app manualy</h2>
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<p>To be able to see the app in the navbar and call it we need to do the following steps (later this can be done via setup)</p>
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<ol>
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<li>login to phpgw as an admin
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<li>call the admin app (the first icon with the tower)
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<li>start Admin/Applications
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<li>click on Add
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<li>type in 'et_media' for the app-name and eg. 'eT-Media' for the titel, leave the rest alone and hit Add
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<li>start Admin/User accounts and enable the new app for your account
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</ol>
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<h2>3. creating <b>et_media/setup/setup.inc.php</b></h2>
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<p>That files contains the necessary information for setup to install the app. </p>
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<pre>
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<?php
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$GLOBALS['setup_info']['et_media']['name'] = 'et_media';
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$GLOBALS['setup_info']['et_media']['title'] = 'eT-Media';
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$GLOBALS['setup_info']['et_media']['version'] = '0.9.15.001';
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$GLOBALS['setup_info']['et_media']['app_order'] = 100; <span>// at the end</span>
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$GLOBALS['setup_info']['et_media']['tables'] = array('phpgw_et_media');
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$GLOBALS['setup_info']['et_media']['enable'] = 1;
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<span>/* Dependencies for this app to work */</span>
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$GLOBALS['setup_info']['et_media']['depends'][] = array(
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'appname' => 'phpgwapi',
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'versions' => Array('0.9.13','0.9.14','0.9.15')
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);
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$GLOBALS['setup_info']['et_media']['depends'][] = array( <span>// this is only necessary as long the etemplate-class is not in the api</span>
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'appname' => 'etemplate',
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'versions' => Array('0.9.13','0.9.14','0.9.15')
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);
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</pre>
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<h2>4. setting up the db-table with the db_tools and setup</h2>
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<p>To enable setup to create a db-table for us and to supply the <b>so_sql</b>-class with the necessary information, we need to define
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the type and size of the fields / columns in our db-table.<br>
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We can use the db-Tools from the etemplate app to create the file for us:</p>
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<img src="db_tools.gif">
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<ol>
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<li>start the etemplate app and click on the button up, right which says db-Tools
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<li>select Application: eT-Media
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<li>type 'phpgw_et_media' in the field in front of the [Add Table] button and click on the button
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<li>now use [Add Column] to create the necessary fields as shown on the screenshot
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<li>Click on [Write Table] (If you get the error-message like in the screenshot, you need to give the webserver write-permission
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to the setup-dir of et_media, leave the write-permission as it is necessary later on too, click on write again)
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<li>log out and log into setup again and start manage applications
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<li>eT-Media is shown now as installed but need upgrade, don't select upgrade, check remove and submit
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<li>the next page should tell you everythings allright so click on go back (or if u use konqueror reload)
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<li>now for eT-Media only install is offerd, check it and submit
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<li>you can now log out of setup, out db-table is now created
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</ol>
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<h2>5. creating an eTemplates for the edit-dialog</h2>
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<p>Now we need a nice edit dialog and use the eTemplate editor to set it up:</p>
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<img src="editor.gif">
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<ol>
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<li>start the etemplate app and type <b>'et_media.edit'</b> in the name field
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<li>enter the field-types and other data as shown above
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<li>click on the [+] in the first column of the last row to add more rows
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<li>click on [Save] to save the dialog / template
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<li>you can use [Show (no save)] to have a look at it:<p>
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</ol>
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<img src="show.gif">
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<p>As you see above i added an application titel, a horizontal rule after it and some space (empty label's). Do so if you want.</p>
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<h2>6. setting up the index page</h2>
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<p>The index page is only used if someone clicks on the navbar icon (or on the black cross as we haven't supplied one so far).<br>
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Create the file <b>/et_media/index.php</b> with the following content:</p>
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<pre>
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<?php
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$GLOBALS['phpgw_info']['flags'] = array(
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'currentapp' => 'et_media',
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'noheader' => True,
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'nonavbar' => True
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);
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include('../header.inc.php');
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header('Location: '.$GLOBALS['phpgw']->link('/index.php','menuaction=et_media.et_media.edit'));
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$GLOBALS['phpgw_info']['flags']['nodisplay'] = True;
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exit;
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</pre>
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<h2>7. the code of class.et_media.inc.php</h2>
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<p>As a first step, we only save new entries. The code of the app is in <b>/et_media/inc/class.et_media.inc.php</b>:</p>
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<pre>
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<?php
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<span>/**************************************************************************\
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* phpGroupWare - eTemplates - Tutoria Example - a simple MediaDB *
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* http://www.phpgroupware.org *
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* Written by Ralf Becker <RalfBecker@outdoor-training.de> *
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* -------------------------------------------- *
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* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it *
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* under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the *
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* Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your *
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* option) any later version. *
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\**************************************************************************/</span>
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<span>/* $ Id: class.et_media.inc.php,v 1.2 2002/10/19 11:11:03 ralfbecker Exp $ */</span>
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include_once(PHPGW_INCLUDE_ROOT . '/etemplate/inc/class.so_sql.inc.php');
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$GLOBALS['phpgw_info']['flags']['included_classes']['so_sql'] = True;
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</pre>
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<p>This loads the class so_sql, in a way that more than one class may use it (would be nice if we had an api-function for that).</p>
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<pre>
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class et_media extends so_sql
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{
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var $messages = array(
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'nothing_found' => 'Nothing matched search criteria !!!',
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'anz_found' => '%d matches on search criteria',
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'saved' => 'Entry saved',
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'error_writeing' => 'Error: writeing !!!'
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);
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var $types = array(
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'' => 'Select one ...',
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'cd' => 'Compact Disc',
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'dvd' => 'DVD',
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'book' => 'Book',
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'video' => 'Video Tape'
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);
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</pre>
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<p>These are a few messages to show the user what happend, we show it via 'msg' in content in the first Label-field after the app-title.<br>
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As one of the messages contain a %s to be used with sprintf, we have to run them manualy through lang().</p>
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<pre>
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function et_media($lang_on_messages = True)
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{
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$this->tmpl = CreateObject('etemplate.etemplate','et_media.edit');
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$this->so_sql('et_media','phpgw_et_media'); <span>// sets up our storage layer using the table 'phpgw_et_media'</span>
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$this->empty_on_write = "''"; <span>// what to write in the db, if a column is empty, the default is NULL</span>
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$this->public_functions += array( <span>// this function can be called external, eg. by /index.php?menuaction=...</span>
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'edit' => True,
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'writeLangFile' => True
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);
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if ($lang_on_messages) <span>// run all our messages throug lang</span>
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{
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reset($this->messages);
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while (list($key,$msg) = each($this->messages))
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$this->messages[$key] = lang($msg);
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}
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}
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</pre>
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<p>This is the contructor of the class, it does the following for us:
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<ol>
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<li>creates a eTemplate object and load direct our 'et_media.show' template via the constructor
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<li>set up our storage-layer, this is the <b>so_sql</b> class we are extending.<br>
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<b>so_sql</b> provides basic functions to read, write, delete and search records in a sql-database.
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It get's the information it needs about the structure of our table from the tables_current-file we created with the db-tools.
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<li>set up / extends from so_sql the public_functions array, all functions called which should be called by links or as methode,
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like our callbacks, need to be listed here.
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<li>run our messages through lang() if we are not called with False (see later)
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</ol>
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<pre>
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function edit($content='',$msg = '')
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{
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if (is_array($content)) <span>// we are called as callback for the dialog / form</span>
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{
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if ($content['id'] > 0) <span>// if we have an id --> read the entry</span>
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{
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$this->read($content);
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}
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$this->data_merge($content); <span>// merge content with our internal data-array ($this->data)</span>
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if (isset($content['save'])) <span>// save the entry ($this->data)</span>
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{
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$msg .= $this->messages[!$this->save() ? 'saved' : 'error_writeing'];
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}
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elseif (isset($content['read']))
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{
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unset($content['id']); <span>// not set by user, so dont use for seach</span>
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$found = $this->search($content,False,'name,author'); <span>// searches by using the no-empty fields</span>
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if (!$found) <span>// search returned empty</span>
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{
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$msg .= $this->messages['nothing_found'];
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}
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else
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{
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$this->init($found[0]); <span>// set data-array with the content of the first match</span>
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}
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}
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}
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<span>// now we filling the content array for the next call to etemplate.exec</span>
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$content = $this->data + array( <span>// the content to be merged in the template</span>
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'msg' => $msg
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);
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$sel_options = array( <span>// the options for our type selectbox</span>
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'type' => $this->types
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);
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$no_button = array( <span>// button not to show</span>
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);
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$preserv = array( <span>// this data is preserved over the exec-call (like a hidden input-field in form)</span>
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'id' => $this->data['id']
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);
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$this->tmpl->exec(
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'et_media.et_media.edit', <span>// setting this function as callback for the dialog</span>
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$content,$sel_options,$no_button,$preserv
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);
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}
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}
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</pre>
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<p>The edit function is called from our index.php file or as callback for this form / dialog. In that case $content is an array
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with the content the user put into the fields of the dialog.</p>
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<p>Let first have a look what happend if we called the first time (or what we do to show the dialog again with the changed data):<br>
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<ol>
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<li>the $content array is set up with our internal data-array (which is empty on the first call) and the message
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<li>$sel_options has the options for our selectbox: the options are an array where the keys are the values returned by the selectbox
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and the values are what the selectbox shows to the user. As we can have more than one selectbox in a dialog, the key in
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$sel_options need to be the same as the name of the selectbox.
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<li>$readonlys: if a fieldname is set in $readonlys to True, its content is showed readonly (for regular fields like type Text)
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or left out for buttons (we use this later to show the delete-button only when an entry is loaded)
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<li>the array $preserv is preserved, which means its stored in the app's session-data and is delivered back like the content of the
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fields to the callback-function. We use it here to store the id of the entry. This is similar to use a hidden input-field in a
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form, but it does not need to be serialized by the app and is NOT transmitted to the user and back.
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<li>at last we call etemplate::exec to show the template with the content from $content and set the function itself as callback
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for the dialog / form.
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</ol>
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<p>Now let's have a look what happens if the user submits the form and our callback is called:
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<ol>
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<li>the callback (this function) is not the submit-address of the form, the form get's always submitted to the function
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<b>process_exec</b> of the etemplate class. This function changes for some field-types the content (eg. a date-field consists
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of 3 single fields, process_exec takes care that it is delivered back as timestamp, as we set it in content before). It can
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even submit the form back to the user if for a address-selection a search for a pattern has to be performed and the matches
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are shown to the user. In this case the callback is NOT called. The same is true if an int field contains letters or is not
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within the minimum or maximum set. <i>Not all of the is allready working, it will follow in the next days/weeks.</i><br>
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For the specialist process_exec uses $GLOBALS['HTTP_POST_VARS'] and ignores HTTP_GET_VARS set as query in the url.
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<li>the so_sql function data_merge, copies all values from $content, which are columns in the db-table, in our internal data array.
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Values which are not real data, like buttons pressed are not copied (!).
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<li>if $content['save'] is set, the [Save] button has been pressed ('save' is the name NOT the label of the save button), in that
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case we use so_sql's save function to save the content of our internal data-array to the db.
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<li>the same check is used for the [Read]: we uses the content of all fields to search db for matching entries. The user can use
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wildcards to perform a search on all field. The wildcards are '*' and '?', so_sql translates them into sql-wildcards.
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<li>if the search return False we just set our message var.
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<li>if something is found we use so_sql's init-function to set the data of the first match. Lateron we will show a list if
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more than one entry is found.
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<li>after that the content array is filled again as discriped above.
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</ol>
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<p>Now we are able to store entries in the db and retrive them by searching the database for patterns in the different fields.<br>
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We are only lacking some way to show if we get more than one match on a search, that's what we are going to implement next:</p>
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<h2>8. adding a list-dialog for the search-function</h2>
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<p>First we need to create an other eTemplate to show the list: <b>'et_media.show'</b></p>
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<img src="list.gif">
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<p>As you see the templates includes an other template: <b>'et_media.show.rows'</b></p>
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<img src="rows.gif">
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<p>We need some code / a function in the class to call the template and fill the content:</p>
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<pre>
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function show($found)
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{
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if (!is_array($found) || !count($found))
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{
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$this->edit();
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return;
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}
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reset($found); <span>// create array with all matches, indexes starting with 1</span>
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for ($row=1; list($key,$data) = each($found); ++$row)
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{
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$entry[$row] = $data;
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}
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$content = array(
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'msg' => sprintf($this->messages['anz_found'],count($found)),
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'entry' => $entry <span>// et_media.show.rows uses this, as we put 'entry' in the Options-field</span>
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);
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$this->tmpl->read('et_media.show'); <span>// read the show-template</span>
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$this->tmpl->exec('et_media.et_media.edit',$content); <span>// exec it with the edit-function as callback</span>
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}
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</pre>
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<p>This function is called by edit with the matches of a search:</p>
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<ol>
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<li>We build an array with all the matches, the index in that array is the row-number starting with 1 (!)
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($entry = array('empty') + $found; would do the same).<br>
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The names in the data-row (last row) of 'et_media.show.rows' are like '${row}[name]'. Variable expansion is performed on each
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name and expands that for the first row to '1[name]' which addresses the name in the first match.
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<li>$content contains again 'msg' which we set to the number of entris found and the above array with the data of all rows under
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the key 'entry', as we put that in Options for the field loading the sub-template 'et_media.show.rows'. It not necessary to
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put something in Options-field / use a sub-array for a sub-template, but it can be very helpful to organize a complex content-array.
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(As an exercice you can remove 'entry' from the Options-field and change the function arrcordingly).
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<li>we now explizitly read the template 'et_media.show' (the constructor reed 'et_media.edit') and execute it again with
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the edit function as callback (because of that, show does NOT need to be listed in public_functions)
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<li>as 'et_media.show.rows' contains only one data-row, but fieldnames with variables to expand, that row is autorepeated
|
|
for as many data we put into the content array (or the sub-array if we used the Options-field).
|
|
</ol>
|
|
|
|
<p>To call the show function, we need to make some changes to the edit-function too:</p>
|
|
|
|
<pre>
|
|
elseif (isset($content['read']))
|
|
{
|
|
unset($content['id']); <span>// not set by user, so dont use for seach</span>
|
|
$found = $this->search($content,False,'name,author'); <span>// searches by using the no-empty fields</span>
|
|
|
|
if (!$found) <span>// search returned empty</span>
|
|
{
|
|
$msg .= $this->messages['nothing_found'];
|
|
}
|
|
elseif (count($found) == 1) <span>// only one match --> show it in the editor</span>
|
|
{
|
|
$this->init($found[0]);
|
|
}
|
|
else <span>// multiple matches --> use the show function/template</span>
|
|
{
|
|
$this->show($found);
|
|
return;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
elseif (isset($content['entry']['edit'])) <span>// the callback from for the show function/template</span>
|
|
{ <span>// the id is set via the button name of '$row_cont[id]'</span>
|
|
list($id) = each($content['entry']['edit']); <span>// note its not only ['edit'] !!!</span>
|
|
if ($id > 0)
|
|
{
|
|
$this->read(array('id' => $id));
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
<ol>
|
|
<li>the first part should be self-explaining, we call show with $found if it contain more than one entry.
|
|
<li>The show function uses edit as callback, the [Edit] buttons in each row has 'edit[$row_cont[id]]' as name. If an [Edit] button is
|
|
pressed $content['entry']['edit'] is set to the id of the entry of that row. We use that id to read the whole entry.
|
|
</ol>
|
|
|
|
<p>While makeing this changes we can add a [Cancel] and [Delete] button too:</p>
|
|
|
|
<pre>
|
|
elseif (isset($content['cancel']))
|
|
{
|
|
$this->init();
|
|
}
|
|
elseif (isset($content['delete']))
|
|
{
|
|
$this->delete();
|
|
$this->init();
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
$no_button = array( <span>// no delete button if id == 0 --> entry not saved</span>
|
|
'delete' => !$this->data[$this->db_key_cols[$this->autoinc_id]]
|
|
);
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
<ol>
|
|
<li>on cancel we just clear the internal data-array with so_sql's init function.
|
|
<li>on delete we have to call so_sql's delete before (it deletes the db-row coresponding with our internal data-array)
|
|
<li>the last block checks if the id field is set (it can only be set by a read or save) and disables the [Delete] button if not
|
|
($this->db_key_cols[$this->autoinc_id] == 'id').
|
|
</ol>
|
|
|
|
<p>Of course we have to add this buttons to the template 'et_media.edit'. I trust you can add 2 Submitbuttons with the names
|
|
'cancel' and 'delete', a Label and a nice helpmessages by now without looking at a screenshot ;-).</p>
|
|
|
|
<h2>9. creating the english lang-file</h2>
|
|
<p>To get rid of the stars '*' behind each Label and to be able to translate the app in other languages we need to create a lang-file<br>
|
|
There are 2 possibilties to create it automaticaly:</p>
|
|
<ol>
|
|
<li>Use the [Write Langfile] button in the eTemplate editor (put the app-name 'et_media' in the name-field first)<br>
|
|
That will omitt our own messages in the class!!!
|
|
<li>We use a function in our class to call etemplate::writeLangFile('et_media','en',$extra) and can so supply some extra strings.<br>
|
|
If we add this function to the public_functions-array in our class, we can just call this function via the browser:<br>
|
|
http://ourDomain/phpgroupware/index.php?menuaction=et_media.et_media.writeLangFile (the errormsg can be savely ignored)<br>
|
|
This is the function (don't forget to add it like the edit-function to public_functions):
|
|
</ol>
|
|
|
|
<pre>
|
|
<span>/*!
|
|
@function writeLangFile
|
|
@abstract writes langfile with all templates and messages registered here
|
|
@discussion can be called via [write Langfile] in eTemplate editor or
|
|
@discussion http://domain/phpgroupware/index.php?et_media.et_media.writeLangFile
|
|
*/</span>
|
|
function writeLangFile()
|
|
{
|
|
$etm = new et_media(False); <span>// no lang on messages</span>
|
|
|
|
return $this->tmpl->writeLangFile('et_media','en',$etm->messages+$etm->types);
|
|
}
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
<h2>10. dumping the eTemplate to a file for distribution</h2>
|
|
<p>To be able to put the eTemplates in CVS and to ship them with your app, you need to dump them in a file first.
|
|
<p>This is done in the eTemplate editor by putting the app-name or an template-name in the Name field and clicking on the button
|
|
[Dump4Setup]. This creates the file <b>et_media/setup/etemplates.inc.php</b>. The etemplate-class loads this file whenever it finds
|
|
a new version automaticaly.</p>
|
|
|
|
<h2>11. further information</h2>
|
|
<ol>
|
|
<li>the <a href="referenz.html">referenz-documentation</a> of the eTemplates
|
|
<li>for all functions and parameters of the <b>etemplate</b>-class look in the comments (yes there are comments) of the files:
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>class.uietemplate.inc.php for the exec function
|
|
<li>class.boetemplate.inc.php for the variable replacement in names and about the autorepeat rows and columns
|
|
<li>class.soetemplate.inc.php for writeLangFile and all functions to read, store and dump an eTemplate
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<li>for all functions and parameters of the <b>so_sql</b>-class look in the comments of the file class.so_sql.inc.php
|
|
<li>for setup, the necessary files of an app or the format of tables_current.inc.php look at the exelent
|
|
<a href="../../setup/doc/setup3.html">docu of setup3</a> in the doc-dir of the setup app.
|
|
</ol>
|
|
|
|
<h2><i>That's it</i> - please <a href="mailto:RalfBecker@outdoor-training.de">contact me</a> if you have further questions or comments about the tutorial</h2>
|
|
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html>
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