diff --git a/encfs/BlockNameIO.cpp b/encfs/BlockNameIO.cpp
index 0fdff9a..89f96c2 100644
--- a/encfs/BlockNameIO.cpp
+++ b/encfs/BlockNameIO.cpp
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 
 #include <cstring>
 #include <memory>
+#include <utility>
 
 #include "Cipher.h"
 #include "CipherKey.h"
@@ -94,20 +95,19 @@ Interface BlockNameIO::CurrentInterface(bool caseInsensitive) {
     return Interface("nameio/block", 4, 0, 2);
 }
 
-BlockNameIO::BlockNameIO(const Interface &iface,
-                         const std::shared_ptr<Cipher> &cipher,
-                         const CipherKey &key, int blockSize,
+BlockNameIO::BlockNameIO(const Interface &iface, std::shared_ptr<Cipher> cipher,
+                         CipherKey key, int blockSize,
                          bool caseInsensitiveEncoding)
     : _interface(iface.current()),
       _bs(blockSize),
-      _cipher(cipher),
-      _key(key),
+      _cipher(std::move(cipher)),
+      _key(std::move(key)),
       _caseInsensitive(caseInsensitiveEncoding) {
   // just to be safe..
   rAssert(blockSize < 128);
 }
 
-BlockNameIO::~BlockNameIO() {}
+BlockNameIO::~BlockNameIO() = default;
 
 Interface BlockNameIO::interface() const {
   return CurrentInterface(_caseInsensitive);
diff --git a/encfs/BlockNameIO.h b/encfs/BlockNameIO.h
index 4ea0594..653159f 100644
--- a/encfs/BlockNameIO.h
+++ b/encfs/BlockNameIO.h
@@ -41,8 +41,8 @@ class BlockNameIO : public NameIO {
  public:
   static Interface CurrentInterface(bool caseInsensitive = false);
 
-  BlockNameIO(const Interface &iface, const std::shared_ptr<Cipher> &cipher,
-              const CipherKey &key, int blockSize,
+  BlockNameIO(const Interface &iface, std::shared_ptr<Cipher> cipher,
+              CipherKey key, int blockSize,
               bool caseInsensitiveEncoding = false);
   virtual ~BlockNameIO();
 
diff --git a/encfs/Cipher.cpp b/encfs/Cipher.cpp
index 00b9a8d..50422d9 100644
--- a/encfs/Cipher.cpp
+++ b/encfs/Cipher.cpp
@@ -148,9 +148,9 @@ std::shared_ptr<Cipher> Cipher::New(const Interface &iface, int keyLen) {
   return result;
 }
 
-Cipher::Cipher() {}
+Cipher::Cipher() = default;
 
-Cipher::~Cipher() {}
+Cipher::~Cipher() = default;
 
 unsigned int Cipher::MAC_32(const unsigned char *src, int len,
                             const CipherKey &key, uint64_t *chainedIV) const {
diff --git a/encfs/CipherFileIO.cpp b/encfs/CipherFileIO.cpp
index 40e3d5d..0a34efc 100644
--- a/encfs/CipherFileIO.cpp
+++ b/encfs/CipherFileIO.cpp
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 #include <memory>
 #include <openssl/sha.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <utility>
 
 #include "BlockFileIO.h"
 #include "Cipher.h"
@@ -47,10 +48,10 @@ static Interface CipherFileIO_iface("FileIO/Cipher", 2, 0, 1);
 
 const int HEADER_SIZE = 8;  // 64 bit initialization vector..
 
-CipherFileIO::CipherFileIO(const std::shared_ptr<FileIO> &_base,
+CipherFileIO::CipherFileIO(std::shared_ptr<FileIO> _base,
                            const FSConfigPtr &cfg)
     : BlockFileIO(cfg->config->blockSize, cfg),
-      base(_base),
+      base(std::move(_base)),
       haveHeader(cfg->config->uniqueIV),
       externalIV(0),
       fileIV(0),
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ CipherFileIO::CipherFileIO(const std::shared_ptr<FileIO> &_base,
       << "FS block size must be multiple of cipher block size";
 }
 
-CipherFileIO::~CipherFileIO() {}
+CipherFileIO::~CipherFileIO() = default;
 
 Interface CipherFileIO::interface() const { return CipherFileIO_iface; }
 
diff --git a/encfs/CipherFileIO.h b/encfs/CipherFileIO.h
index a1bfd84..de88d85 100644
--- a/encfs/CipherFileIO.h
+++ b/encfs/CipherFileIO.h
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ struct IORequest;
 */
 class CipherFileIO : public BlockFileIO {
  public:
-  CipherFileIO(const std::shared_ptr<FileIO> &base, const FSConfigPtr &cfg);
+  CipherFileIO(std::shared_ptr<FileIO> base, const FSConfigPtr &cfg);
   virtual ~CipherFileIO();
 
   virtual Interface interface() const;
diff --git a/encfs/CipherKey.cpp b/encfs/CipherKey.cpp
index bf3f168..5a914e6 100644
--- a/encfs/CipherKey.cpp
+++ b/encfs/CipherKey.cpp
@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@
 
 namespace encfs {
 
-AbstractCipherKey::AbstractCipherKey() {}
+AbstractCipherKey::AbstractCipherKey() = default;
 
-AbstractCipherKey::~AbstractCipherKey() {}
+AbstractCipherKey::~AbstractCipherKey() = default;
 
 }  // namespace encfs
diff --git a/encfs/ConfigReader.cpp b/encfs/ConfigReader.cpp
index d3f52d1..9ad2912 100644
--- a/encfs/ConfigReader.cpp
+++ b/encfs/ConfigReader.cpp
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@ using namespace std;
 
 namespace encfs {
 
-ConfigReader::ConfigReader() {}
+ConfigReader::ConfigReader() = default;
 
-ConfigReader::~ConfigReader() {}
+ConfigReader::~ConfigReader() = default;
 
 // read the entire file into a ConfigVar instance and then use that to decode
 // into mapped variables.
diff --git a/encfs/Context.h b/encfs/Context.h
index 201da47..8d62fcf 100644
--- a/encfs/Context.h
+++ b/encfs/Context.h
@@ -21,14 +21,14 @@
 #ifndef _Context_incl_
 #define _Context_incl_
 
-#include <list>
 #include <algorithm>
+#include <atomic>
+#include <list>
 #include <memory>
 #include <pthread.h>
 #include <set>
 #include <string>
 #include <unordered_map>
-#include <atomic>
 
 #include "encfs.h"
 
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ class EncFS_Context {
   std::shared_ptr<FileNode> lookupNode(const char *path);
 
   void getAndResetUsageCounter(int *usage, int *openCount);
-  
+
   void putNode(const char *path, std::shared_ptr<FileNode> node);
 
   void eraseNode(const char *path, std::shared_ptr<FileNode> fnode);
@@ -85,8 +85,7 @@ class EncFS_Context {
    * us.
    */
 
-  typedef std::unordered_map<std::string,
-                             std::list<std::shared_ptr<FileNode>>>
+  typedef std::unordered_map<std::string, std::list<std::shared_ptr<FileNode>>>
       FileMap;
 
   mutable pthread_mutex_t contextMutex;
diff --git a/encfs/DirNode.cpp b/encfs/DirNode.cpp
index f3d32e6..2a39ef2 100644
--- a/encfs/DirNode.cpp
+++ b/encfs/DirNode.cpp
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
 
 #include "internal/easylogging++.h"
 #include <cstring>
+#include <utility>
 
 #include "Context.h"
 #include "Error.h"
@@ -51,20 +52,13 @@ class DirDeleter {
   void operator()(DIR *d) { ::closedir(d); }
 };
 
-DirTraverse::DirTraverse(const std::shared_ptr<DIR> &_dirPtr, uint64_t _iv,
-                         const std::shared_ptr<NameIO> &_naming)
-    : dir(_dirPtr), iv(_iv), naming(_naming) {}
+DirTraverse::DirTraverse(std::shared_ptr<DIR> _dirPtr, uint64_t _iv,
+                         std::shared_ptr<NameIO> _naming)
+    : dir(std::move(_dirPtr)), iv(_iv), naming(std::move(_naming)) {}
 
-DirTraverse::DirTraverse(const DirTraverse &src)
-    : dir(src.dir), iv(src.iv), naming(src.naming) {}
+DirTraverse::DirTraverse(const DirTraverse &src) = default;
 
-DirTraverse &DirTraverse::operator=(const DirTraverse &src) {
-  dir = src.dir;
-  iv = src.iv;
-  naming = src.naming;
-
-  return *this;
-}
+DirTraverse &DirTraverse::operator=(const DirTraverse &src) = default;
 
 DirTraverse::~DirTraverse() {
   dir.reset();
@@ -143,13 +137,12 @@ class RenameOp {
   list<RenameEl>::const_iterator last;
 
  public:
-  RenameOp(DirNode *_dn, const std::shared_ptr<list<RenameEl> > &_renameList)
-      : dn(_dn), renameList(_renameList) {
+  RenameOp(DirNode *_dn, std::shared_ptr<list<RenameEl> > _renameList)
+      : dn(_dn), renameList(std::move(_renameList)) {
     last = renameList->begin();
   }
 
-  RenameOp(const RenameOp &src)
-      : dn(src.dn), renameList(src.renameList), last(src.last) {}
+  RenameOp(const RenameOp &src) = default;
 
   ~RenameOp();
 
@@ -252,7 +245,7 @@ DirNode::DirNode(EncFS_Context *_ctx, const string &sourceDir,
   naming = fsConfig->nameCoding;
 }
 
-DirNode::~DirNode() {}
+DirNode::~DirNode() = default;
 
 bool DirNode::hasDirectoryNameDependency() const {
   return naming ? naming->getChainedNameIV() : false;
diff --git a/encfs/DirNode.h b/encfs/DirNode.h
index a88082d..027fbea 100644
--- a/encfs/DirNode.h
+++ b/encfs/DirNode.h
@@ -48,8 +48,8 @@ struct RenameEl;
 
 class DirTraverse {
  public:
-  DirTraverse(const std::shared_ptr<DIR> &dirPtr, uint64_t iv,
-              const std::shared_ptr<NameIO> &naming);
+  DirTraverse(std::shared_ptr<DIR> dirPtr, uint64_t iv,
+              std::shared_ptr<NameIO> naming);
   DirTraverse(const DirTraverse &src);
   ~DirTraverse();
 
diff --git a/encfs/FileIO.cpp b/encfs/FileIO.cpp
index ab9b363..2f653e0 100644
--- a/encfs/FileIO.cpp
+++ b/encfs/FileIO.cpp
@@ -22,9 +22,9 @@
 
 namespace encfs {
 
-FileIO::FileIO() {}
+FileIO::FileIO() = default;
 
-FileIO::~FileIO() {}
+FileIO::~FileIO() = default;
 
 int FileIO::blockSize() const { return 1; }
 
diff --git a/encfs/FileNode.h b/encfs/FileNode.h
index b522200..22accf4 100644
--- a/encfs/FileNode.h
+++ b/encfs/FileNode.h
@@ -21,13 +21,13 @@
 #ifndef _FileNode_incl_
 #define _FileNode_incl_
 
+#include <atomic>
 #include <inttypes.h>
 #include <memory>
 #include <pthread.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <string>
 #include <sys/types.h>
-#include <atomic>
 
 #include "CipherKey.h"
 #include "FSConfig.h"
diff --git a/encfs/FileUtils.cpp b/encfs/FileUtils.cpp
index 2c4a8f3..23c2e9a 100644
--- a/encfs/FileUtils.cpp
+++ b/encfs/FileUtils.cpp
@@ -119,9 +119,9 @@ struct ConfigInfo {
     {".encfs", Config_Prehistoric, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0},
     {nullptr, Config_None, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0}};
 
-EncFS_Root::EncFS_Root() {}
+EncFS_Root::EncFS_Root() = default;
 
-EncFS_Root::~EncFS_Root() {}
+EncFS_Root::~EncFS_Root() = default;
 
 bool fileExists(const char *fileName) {
   struct stat buf;
diff --git a/encfs/Interface.cpp b/encfs/Interface.cpp
index 8cd8def..18fb6e0 100644
--- a/encfs/Interface.cpp
+++ b/encfs/Interface.cpp
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@
 
 #include "Interface.h"
 
+#include <utility>
+
 #include "ConfigVar.h"
 #include "Error.h"
 
@@ -28,25 +30,19 @@ namespace encfs {
 Interface::Interface(const char *name_, int Current, int Revision, int Age)
     : _name(name_), _current(Current), _revision(Revision), _age(Age) {}
 
-Interface::Interface(const std::string &name_, int Current, int Revision,
-                     int Age)
-    : _name(name_), _current(Current), _revision(Revision), _age(Age) {}
+Interface::Interface(std::string name_, int Current, int Revision, int Age)
+    : _name(std::move(name_)),
+      _current(Current),
+      _revision(Revision),
+      _age(Age) {}
 
 Interface::Interface(const Interface &src)
-    : _name(src._name),
-      _current(src._current),
-      _revision(src._revision),
-      _age(src._age) {}
+
+    = default;
 
 Interface::Interface() : _current(0), _revision(0), _age(0) {}
 
-Interface &Interface::operator=(const Interface &src) {
-  _name = src._name;
-  _current = src._current;
-  _revision = src._revision;
-  _age = src._age;
-  return *this;
-}
+Interface &Interface::operator=(const Interface &src) = default;
 
 const std::string &Interface::name() const { return _name; }
 
diff --git a/encfs/Interface.h b/encfs/Interface.h
index 2ec101a..d1cffba 100644
--- a/encfs/Interface.h
+++ b/encfs/Interface.h
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ class Interface {
           are implemented.
   */
   Interface(const char *name, int Current, int Revision, int Age);
-  Interface(const std::string &name, int Current, int Revision, int Age);
+  Interface(std::string name, int Current, int Revision, int Age);
   Interface(const Interface &src);
   Interface();
 
diff --git a/encfs/MACFileIO.cpp b/encfs/MACFileIO.cpp
index 6d2897f..e03a618 100644
--- a/encfs/MACFileIO.cpp
+++ b/encfs/MACFileIO.cpp
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include <cinttypes>
 #include <cstring>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <utility>
 
 #include "BlockFileIO.h"
 #include "Cipher.h"
@@ -56,10 +57,9 @@ int dataBlockSize(const FSConfigPtr &cfg) {
          cfg->config->blockMACRandBytes;
 }
 
-MACFileIO::MACFileIO(const std::shared_ptr<FileIO> &_base,
-                     const FSConfigPtr &cfg)
+MACFileIO::MACFileIO(std::shared_ptr<FileIO> _base, const FSConfigPtr &cfg)
     : BlockFileIO(dataBlockSize(cfg), cfg),
-      base(_base),
+      base(std::move(_base)),
       cipher(cfg->cipher),
       key(cfg->key),
       macBytes(cfg->config->blockMACBytes),
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ MACFileIO::MACFileIO(const std::shared_ptr<FileIO> &_base,
           << ", randBytes = " << cfg->config->blockMACRandBytes;
 }
 
-MACFileIO::~MACFileIO() {}
+MACFileIO::~MACFileIO() = default;
 
 Interface MACFileIO::interface() const { return MACFileIO_iface; }
 
diff --git a/encfs/MACFileIO.h b/encfs/MACFileIO.h
index 6bf4a25..fe39bf7 100644
--- a/encfs/MACFileIO.h
+++ b/encfs/MACFileIO.h
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class MACFileIO : public BlockFileIO {
       result in a warning message from encfs -- the garbled data will still
       be made available..
   */
-  MACFileIO(const std::shared_ptr<FileIO> &base, const FSConfigPtr &cfg);
+  MACFileIO(std::shared_ptr<FileIO> base, const FSConfigPtr &cfg);
   MACFileIO();
   virtual ~MACFileIO();
 
diff --git a/encfs/NameIO.cpp b/encfs/NameIO.cpp
index 7dbf9dc..7a3ea52 100644
--- a/encfs/NameIO.cpp
+++ b/encfs/NameIO.cpp
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ std::shared_ptr<NameIO> NameIO::New(const Interface &iface,
 
 NameIO::NameIO() : chainedNameIV(false), reverseEncryption(false) {}
 
-NameIO::~NameIO() {}
+NameIO::~NameIO() = default;
 
 void NameIO::setChainedNameIV(bool enable) { chainedNameIV = enable; }
 
diff --git a/encfs/NullCipher.cpp b/encfs/NullCipher.cpp
index 4c787d6..4a6e05b 100644
--- a/encfs/NullCipher.cpp
+++ b/encfs/NullCipher.cpp
@@ -49,24 +49,24 @@ static bool NullCipher_registered = Cipher::Register(
 
 class NullKey : public AbstractCipherKey {
  public:
-  NullKey() {}
-  virtual ~NullKey() {}
+  NullKey() = default;
+  virtual ~NullKey() = default;
 };
 
 class NullDestructor {
  public:
-  NullDestructor() {}
-  NullDestructor(const NullDestructor &) {}
-  ~NullDestructor() {}
+  NullDestructor() = default;
+  NullDestructor(const NullDestructor &) = default;
+  ~NullDestructor() = default;
 
-  NullDestructor &operator=(const NullDestructor &) { return *this; }
+  NullDestructor &operator=(const NullDestructor &) = default;
   void operator()(NullKey *&) {}
 };
 std::shared_ptr<AbstractCipherKey> gNullKey(new NullKey(), NullDestructor());
 
 NullCipher::NullCipher(const Interface &iface_) { this->iface = iface_; }
 
-NullCipher::~NullCipher() {}
+NullCipher::~NullCipher() = default;
 
 Interface NullCipher::interface() const { return iface; }
 
diff --git a/encfs/NullNameIO.cpp b/encfs/NullNameIO.cpp
index a2f6e34..26b0251 100644
--- a/encfs/NullNameIO.cpp
+++ b/encfs/NullNameIO.cpp
@@ -41,9 +41,9 @@ static Interface NNIOIface("nameio/null", 1, 0, 0);
 static bool NullNameIO_registered =
     NameIO::Register("Null", "No encryption of filenames", NNIOIface, NewNNIO);
 
-NullNameIO::NullNameIO() {}
+NullNameIO::NullNameIO() = default;
 
-NullNameIO::~NullNameIO() {}
+NullNameIO::~NullNameIO() = default;
 
 Interface NullNameIO::interface() const { return NNIOIface; }
 
diff --git a/encfs/RawFileIO.cpp b/encfs/RawFileIO.cpp
index 1eb1e93..fdfaccd 100644
--- a/encfs/RawFileIO.cpp
+++ b/encfs/RawFileIO.cpp
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
+#include <utility>
 
 #include "Error.h"
 #include "FileIO.h"
@@ -53,8 +54,8 @@ inline void swap(int &x, int &y) {
 RawFileIO::RawFileIO()
     : knownSize(false), fileSize(0), fd(-1), oldfd(-1), canWrite(false) {}
 
-RawFileIO::RawFileIO(const std::string &fileName)
-    : name(fileName),
+RawFileIO::RawFileIO(std::string fileName)
+    : name(std::move(fileName)),
       knownSize(false),
       fileSize(0),
       fd(-1),
diff --git a/encfs/RawFileIO.h b/encfs/RawFileIO.h
index 1214a56..bd74fe6 100644
--- a/encfs/RawFileIO.h
+++ b/encfs/RawFileIO.h
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ namespace encfs {
 class RawFileIO : public FileIO {
  public:
   RawFileIO();
-  RawFileIO(const std::string &fileName);
+  RawFileIO(std::string fileName);
   virtual ~RawFileIO();
 
   virtual Interface interface() const;
diff --git a/encfs/SSL_Cipher.cpp b/encfs/SSL_Cipher.cpp
index a3ab05a..d0fb9e4 100644
--- a/encfs/SSL_Cipher.cpp
+++ b/encfs/SSL_Cipher.cpp
@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ SSL_Cipher::SSL_Cipher(const Interface &iface_, const Interface &realIface_,
   }
 }
 
-SSL_Cipher::~SSL_Cipher() {}
+SSL_Cipher::~SSL_Cipher() = default;
 
 Interface SSL_Cipher::interface() const { return realIface; }
 
diff --git a/encfs/SSL_Compat.h b/encfs/SSL_Compat.h
index f7b1629..276bf26 100644
--- a/encfs/SSL_Compat.h
+++ b/encfs/SSL_Compat.h
@@ -30,8 +30,7 @@
 #define HMAC_CTX_reset HMAC_CTX_cleanup
 
 // Missing methods (based on 1.1.0 versions)
-HMAC_CTX *HMAC_CTX_new(void)
-{
+HMAC_CTX *HMAC_CTX_new(void) {
   HMAC_CTX *ctx = (HMAC_CTX *)OPENSSL_malloc(sizeof(HMAC_CTX));
   if (ctx != NULL) {
     memset(ctx, 0, sizeof(HMAC_CTX));
@@ -40,8 +39,7 @@ HMAC_CTX *HMAC_CTX_new(void)
   return ctx;
 }
 
-void HMAC_CTX_free(HMAC_CTX *ctx)
-{
+void HMAC_CTX_free(HMAC_CTX *ctx) {
   if (ctx != NULL) {
     HMAC_CTX_cleanup(ctx);
     OPENSSL_free(ctx);
diff --git a/encfs/StreamNameIO.cpp b/encfs/StreamNameIO.cpp
index e07c4e5..ec06852 100644
--- a/encfs/StreamNameIO.cpp
+++ b/encfs/StreamNameIO.cpp
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 
 #include "internal/easylogging++.h"
 #include <cstring>
+#include <utility>
 
 #include "Cipher.h"
 #include "CipherKey.h"
@@ -72,11 +73,12 @@ Interface StreamNameIO::CurrentInterface() {
 }
 
 StreamNameIO::StreamNameIO(const Interface &iface,
-                           const std::shared_ptr<Cipher> &cipher,
-                           const CipherKey &key)
-    : _interface(iface.current()), _cipher(cipher), _key(key) {}
+                           std::shared_ptr<Cipher> cipher, CipherKey key)
+    : _interface(iface.current()),
+      _cipher(std::move(cipher)),
+      _key(std::move(key)) {}
 
-StreamNameIO::~StreamNameIO() {}
+StreamNameIO::~StreamNameIO() = default;
 
 Interface StreamNameIO::interface() const { return CurrentInterface(); }
 
diff --git a/encfs/StreamNameIO.h b/encfs/StreamNameIO.h
index 5bb3134..43a417e 100644
--- a/encfs/StreamNameIO.h
+++ b/encfs/StreamNameIO.h
@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ class StreamNameIO : public NameIO {
  public:
   static Interface CurrentInterface();
 
-  StreamNameIO(const Interface &iface, const std::shared_ptr<Cipher> &cipher,
-               const CipherKey &key);
+  StreamNameIO(const Interface &iface, std::shared_ptr<Cipher> cipher,
+               CipherKey key);
   virtual ~StreamNameIO();
 
   virtual Interface interface() const;
diff --git a/encfs/XmlReader.cpp b/encfs/XmlReader.cpp
index 4685f6d..33a343a 100644
--- a/encfs/XmlReader.cpp
+++ b/encfs/XmlReader.cpp
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
 
 namespace encfs {
 
-XmlValue::~XmlValue() {}
+XmlValue::~XmlValue() = default;
 
 XmlValuePtr XmlValue::operator[](const char *path) const { return find(path); }
 
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ class XmlNode : virtual public XmlValue {
   XmlNode(const tinyxml2::XMLElement *element_)
       : XmlValue(safeValueForNode(element_)), element(element_) {}
 
-  virtual ~XmlNode() {}
+  virtual ~XmlNode() = default;
 
   virtual XmlValuePtr find(const char *name) const {
     if (name[0] == '@') {
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ struct XmlReader::XmlReaderData {
 
 XmlReader::XmlReader() : pd(new XmlReaderData()) {}
 
-XmlReader::~XmlReader() {}
+XmlReader::~XmlReader() = default;
 
 bool XmlReader::load(const char *fileName) {
   pd->doc.reset(new tinyxml2::XMLDocument());