diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt index 227bcfd..2f9d0f0 100644 --- a/CMakeLists.txt +++ b/CMakeLists.txt @@ -27,7 +27,11 @@ option (BUILD_UNIT_TESTS "build EncFS unit tests" ON) option (USE_INTERNAL_TINYXML "use built-in TinyXML2" ON) option (USE_INTERNAL_EASYLOGGING "use built-in Easylogging++" ON) option (BUILD_SHARED_LIBS "build internal libraries as shared" OFF) -option (ENABLE_NLS "compile with Native Language Support (using gettext)" ON) +if (APPLE) + option (ENABLE_NLS "compile with Native Language Support (using gettext)" OFF) +else() + option (ENABLE_NLS "compile with Native Language Support (using gettext)" ON) +endif() option (INSTALL_LIBENCFS "install libencfs" OFF) option (LINT "enable lint output" OFF) @@ -104,6 +108,10 @@ if (CYGWIN) endif() # Check for OpenSSL. +if (APPLE AND NOT DEFINED OPENSSL_ROOT_DIR) + # Search both Brew and Macports + set(OPENSSL_ROOT_DIR "/usr/local/opt/openssl;/opt/local") +endif() find_package (OpenSSL REQUIRED) include_directories (${OPENSSL_INCLUDE_DIR}) diff --git a/INSTALL.md b/INSTALL.md index 7418f76..c633270 100644 --- a/INSTALL.md +++ b/INSTALL.md @@ -19,6 +19,10 @@ Or following are the detailed steps to build EncFS: cmake .. make +If CMake can't find FUSE or OpenSSL, you can use the following options: + + cmake .. -DFUSE_ROOT_DIR=/pathto/fuse -DOPENSSL_ROOT_DIR=/pathto/openssl + Optional, but strongly recommended, is running the unit and integration tests to verify that the generated binaries work as expected. Unit tests will run almost instantly: diff --git a/build.sh b/build.sh index b10107c..dedc6c0 100755 --- a/build.sh +++ b/build.sh @@ -11,10 +11,6 @@ if [[ "$CHECK" == "true" ]]; then CFG="-DLINT=ON $CFG" fi -if uname -s | grep -q Darwin; then - CFG="-DENABLE_NLS=OFF -DOPENSSL_ROOT_DIR=/usr/local/opt/openssl $CFG" -fi - if [[ ! -d build ]] then mkdir build diff --git a/cmake/FindFUSE.cmake b/cmake/FindFUSE.cmake index bb8cb50..b86bbc0 100644 --- a/cmake/FindFUSE.cmake +++ b/cmake/FindFUSE.cmake @@ -1,33 +1,39 @@ # Find the FUSE includes and library # -# FUSE_INCLUDE_DIR - where to find fuse.h, etc. -# FUSE_LIBRARIES - List of libraries when using FUSE. -# FUSE_FOUND - True if FUSE lib is found. +# FUSE_INCLUDE_DIR - where to find fuse.h, etc. +# FUSE_LIBRARIES - List of libraries when using FUSE. +# FUSE_ROOT_DIR - Additional search path. +# FUSE_FOUND - True if FUSE lib is found. # check if already in cache, be silent -if (FUSE_INCLUDE_DIR) - SET (FUSE_FIND_QUIETLY TRUE) -endif (FUSE_INCLUDE_DIR) +if (FUSE_INCLUDE_DIR AND FUSE_LIBRARIES) + SET (FUSE_FIND_QUIETLY TRUE) +endif () if (APPLE) set (FUSE_NAMES libosxfuse.dylib fuse) set (FUSE_SUFFIXES osxfuse fuse) -else (APPLE) +else () set (FUSE_NAMES fuse refuse) set (FUSE_SUFFIXES fuse refuse) -endif (APPLE) +endif () -# find includes -find_path (FUSE_INCLUDE_DIR fuse.h - PATHS /opt /opt/local /usr/pkg - PATH_SUFFIXES ${FUSE_SUFFIXES}) +# find include +find_path ( + FUSE_INCLUDE_DIR fuse.h + PATHS /opt /opt/local /usr /usr/local /usr/pkg ${FUSE_ROOT_DIR} ENV FUSE_ROOT_DIR + PATH_SUFFIXES include ${FUSE_SUFFIXES}) # find lib -find_library (FUSE_LIBRARIES NAMES ${FUSE_NAMES}) +find_library ( + FUSE_LIBRARIES + NAMES ${FUSE_NAMES} + PATHS /opt /opt/local /usr /usr/local /usr/pkg ${FUSE_ROOT_DIR} ENV FUSE_ROOT_DIR + PATH_SUFFIXES lib) include ("FindPackageHandleStandardArgs") -find_package_handle_standard_args ("FUSE" DEFAULT_MSG +find_package_handle_standard_args ( + "FUSE" DEFAULT_MSG FUSE_INCLUDE_DIR FUSE_LIBRARIES) mark_as_advanced (FUSE_INCLUDE_DIR FUSE_LIBRARIES) - diff --git a/encfs/RawFileIO.cpp b/encfs/RawFileIO.cpp index 89b7a88..fb095e3 100644 --- a/encfs/RawFileIO.cpp +++ b/encfs/RawFileIO.cpp @@ -132,8 +132,6 @@ int RawFileIO::open(int flags) { if ((flags & O_LARGEFILE) != 0) { finalFlags |= O_LARGEFILE; } -#else -#warning O_LARGEFILE not supported #endif int eno = 0; diff --git a/test/Cipher_test.cpp b/test/Cipher_test.cpp index da3ab9d..ce63d53 100644 --- a/test/Cipher_test.cpp +++ b/test/Cipher_test.cpp @@ -191,5 +191,5 @@ TEST_P(CipherTest, ConfigLoadStore) { EXPECT_TRUE(cipher->compareKey(key, key2)); } -INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(CipherKey, CipherTest, +INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(CipherKey, CipherTest, ValuesIn(Cipher::GetAlgorithmList())); diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/.gitignore b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/.gitignore index 3c1b4f2..050e469 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/.gitignore +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/.gitignore @@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ *.dylib *.cmake !/cmake/*.cmake +!/test/AssemblyTests.cmake *~ *.pyc __pycache__ @@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ build.ninja install_manifest.txt rules.ninja +# bazel output symlinks. +bazel-* + # out-of-source build top-level folders. build/ _build/ + +# in-source dependencies +/googletest/ + +# Visual Studio 2015/2017 cache/options directory +.vs/ +CMakeSettings.json diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/.travis.yml b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/.travis.yml index 36df088..09c058c 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/.travis.yml +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/.travis.yml @@ -31,14 +31,10 @@ matrix: - g++-multilib env: COMPILER=g++ C_COMPILER=gcc BUILD_TYPE=Release BUILD_32_BITS=ON - compiler: gcc - addons: - apt: - sources: - - ubuntu-toolchain-r-test - packages: - - g++-6 env: + - INSTALL_GCC6_FROM_PPA=1 - COMPILER=g++-6 C_COMPILER=gcc-6 BUILD_TYPE=Debug + - ENABLE_SANITIZER=1 - EXTRA_FLAGS="-fno-omit-frame-pointer -g -O2 -fsanitize=undefined,address -fuse-ld=gold" - compiler: clang env: COMPILER=clang++ C_COMPILER=clang BUILD_TYPE=Debug @@ -96,6 +92,7 @@ matrix: env: - COMPILER=clang++-3.8 C_COMPILER=clang-3.8 BUILD_TYPE=Debug - LIBCXX_BUILD=1 LIBCXX_SANITIZER="Undefined;Address" + - ENABLE_SANITIZER=1 - EXTRA_FLAGS="-stdlib=libc++ -g -O2 -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fsanitize=undefined,address -fno-sanitize-recover=all" - UBSAN_OPTIONS=print_stacktrace=1 # Clang w/ libc++ and MSAN @@ -107,6 +104,7 @@ matrix: env: - COMPILER=clang++-3.8 C_COMPILER=clang-3.8 BUILD_TYPE=Debug - LIBCXX_BUILD=1 LIBCXX_SANITIZER=MemoryWithOrigins + - ENABLE_SANITIZER=1 - EXTRA_FLAGS="-stdlib=libc++ -g -O2 -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fsanitize=memory -fsanitize-memory-track-origins" # Clang w/ libc++ and MSAN - compiler: clang @@ -117,8 +115,8 @@ matrix: env: - COMPILER=clang++-3.8 C_COMPILER=clang-3.8 BUILD_TYPE=RelWithDebInfo - LIBCXX_BUILD=1 LIBCXX_SANITIZER=Thread + - ENABLE_SANITIZER=1 - EXTRA_FLAGS="-stdlib=libc++ -g -O2 -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fsanitize=thread -fno-sanitize-recover=all" - - os: osx osx_image: xcode8.3 compiler: clang @@ -129,27 +127,66 @@ matrix: compiler: clang env: - COMPILER=clang++ BUILD_TYPE=Release + - os: osx + osx_image: xcode8.3 + compiler: gcc + env: + - COMPILER=g++-7 C_COMPILER=gcc-7 BUILD_TYPE=Debug before_script: - - if [ -z "$BUILD_32_BITS" ]; then - export BUILD_32_BITS=OFF && echo disabling 32 bit build; - fi - if [ -n "${LIBCXX_BUILD}" ]; then source .travis-libcxx-setup.sh; fi - - mkdir build && cd build + - if [ -n "${ENABLE_SANITIZER}" ]; then + export EXTRA_OPTIONS="-DBENCHMARK_ENABLE_ASSEMBLY_TESTS=OFF"; + else + export EXTRA_OPTIONS=""; + fi + - mkdir -p build && cd build + +before_install: + - if [ -z "$BUILD_32_BITS" ]; then + export BUILD_32_BITS=OFF && echo disabling 32 bit build; + fi + - if [ -n "${INSTALL_GCC6_FROM_PPA}" ]; then + sudo add-apt-repository -y "ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test"; + sudo apt-get update --option Acquire::Retries=100 --option Acquire::http::Timeout="60"; + fi install: + - if [ -n "${INSTALL_GCC6_FROM_PPA}" ]; then + sudo -E apt-get -yq --no-install-suggests --no-install-recommends install g++-6; + fi + - if [ "${TRAVIS_OS_NAME}" == "linux" -a "${BUILD_32_BITS}" == "OFF" ]; then + sudo -E apt-get -y --no-install-suggests --no-install-recommends install llvm-3.9-tools; + sudo cp /usr/lib/llvm-3.9/bin/FileCheck /usr/local/bin/; + fi - if [ "${BUILD_TYPE}" == "Coverage" -a "${TRAVIS_OS_NAME}" == "linux" ]; then PATH=~/.local/bin:${PATH}; pip install --user --upgrade pip; pip install --user cpp-coveralls; fi + - if [ "${C_COMPILER}" == "gcc-7" -a "${TRAVIS_OS_NAME}" == "osx" ]; then + rm -f /usr/local/include/c++; + brew update; + brew install gcc@7; + fi + - if [ "${TRAVIS_OS_NAME}" == "linux" ]; then + sudo apt-get update -qq; + sudo apt-get install -qq unzip; + wget https://github.com/bazelbuild/bazel/releases/download/0.10.1/bazel-0.10.1-installer-linux-x86_64.sh --output-document bazel-installer.sh; + sudo bash bazel-installer.sh; + fi + - if [ "${TRAVIS_OS_NAME}" == "osx" ]; then + curl -L -o bazel-installer.sh https://github.com/bazelbuild/bazel/releases/download/0.10.1/bazel-0.10.1-installer-darwin-x86_64.sh; + sudo bash bazel-installer.sh; + fi script: - - cmake -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=${C_COMPILER} -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=${COMPILER} -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=${BUILD_TYPE} -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="${EXTRA_FLAGS}" -DBENCHMARK_BUILD_32_BITS=${BUILD_32_BITS} .. + - cmake -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=${C_COMPILER} -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=${COMPILER} -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=${BUILD_TYPE} -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="${EXTRA_FLAGS}" -DBENCHMARK_DOWNLOAD_DEPENDENCIES=ON -DBENCHMARK_BUILD_32_BITS=${BUILD_32_BITS} ${EXTRA_OPTIONS} .. - make - ctest -C ${BUILD_TYPE} --output-on-failure + - bazel test -c dbg --define google_benchmark.have_regex=posix --announce_rc --verbose_failures --test_output=errors --keep_going //test/... after_success: - if [ "${BUILD_TYPE}" == "Coverage" -a "${TRAVIS_OS_NAME}" == "linux" ]; then diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/.ycm_extra_conf.py b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/.ycm_extra_conf.py index 8619435..5649ddc 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/.ycm_extra_conf.py +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/.ycm_extra_conf.py @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import ycm_core flags = [ '-Wall', '-Werror', -'-pendantic-errors', +'-pedantic-errors', '-std=c++0x', '-fno-strict-aliasing', '-O3', diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/AUTHORS b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/AUTHORS index ae278df..f821903 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/AUTHORS +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/AUTHORS @@ -10,9 +10,12 @@ Albert Pretorius Arne Beer +Carto Christopher Seymour David Coeurjolly -Dominic Hamon +Deniz Evrenci +Dirac Research +Dominik Czarnota Eric Fiselier Eugene Zhuk Evgeny Safronov @@ -21,20 +24,23 @@ Google Inc. International Business Machines Corporation Ismael Jimenez Martinez Jern-Kuan Leong -Joao Paulo Magalhaes JianXiong Zhou +Joao Paulo Magalhaes Jussi Knuuttila Kaito Udagawa +Kishan Kumar Lei Xu Matt Clarkson Maxim Vafin +MongoDB Inc. Nick Hutchinson Oleksandr Sochka Paul Redmond Radoslav Yovchev +Roman Lebedev Shuo Chen +Steinar H. Gunderson +Stripe, Inc. Yixuan Qiu Yusuke Suzuki -Dirac Research Zbigniew Skowron -Dominik Czarnota diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/BUILD.bazel b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/BUILD.bazel new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6ee69f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/BUILD.bazel @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +licenses(["notice"]) + +config_setting( + name = "windows", + values = { + "cpu": "x64_windows", + }, + visibility = [":__subpackages__"], +) + +cc_library( + name = "benchmark", + srcs = glob( + [ + "src/*.cc", + "src/*.h", + ], + exclude = ["src/benchmark_main.cc"], + ), + hdrs = ["include/benchmark/benchmark.h"], + linkopts = select({ + ":windows": ["-DEFAULTLIB:shlwapi.lib"], + "//conditions:default": ["-pthread"], + }), + strip_include_prefix = "include", + visibility = ["//visibility:public"], +) + +cc_library( + name = "benchmark_main", + srcs = ["src/benchmark_main.cc"], + hdrs = ["include/benchmark/benchmark.h"], + strip_include_prefix = "include", + visibility = ["//visibility:public"], + deps = [":benchmark"], +) + +cc_library( + name = "benchmark_internal_headers", + hdrs = glob(["src/*.h"]), + visibility = ["//test:__pkg__"], +) diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/CMakeLists.txt b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/CMakeLists.txt index f7f1566..b1c1d3d 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/CMakeLists.txt +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/CMakeLists.txt @@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ project (benchmark) foreach(p CMP0054 # CMake 3.1 CMP0056 # export EXE_LINKER_FLAGS to try_run + CMP0057 # Support no if() IN_LIST operator ) if(POLICY ${p}) cmake_policy(SET ${p} NEW) @@ -15,11 +16,59 @@ option(BENCHMARK_ENABLE_TESTING "Enable testing of the benchmark library." ON) option(BENCHMARK_ENABLE_EXCEPTIONS "Enable the use of exceptions in the benchmark library." ON) option(BENCHMARK_ENABLE_LTO "Enable link time optimisation of the benchmark library." OFF) option(BENCHMARK_USE_LIBCXX "Build and test using libc++ as the standard library." OFF) -option(BENCHMARK_BUILD_32_BITS "Build a 32 bit version of the library" OFF) +option(BENCHMARK_BUILD_32_BITS "Build a 32 bit version of the library." OFF) +option(BENCHMARK_ENABLE_INSTALL "Enable installation of benchmark. (Projects embedding benchmark may want to turn this OFF.)" ON) + +# Allow unmet dependencies to be met using CMake's ExternalProject mechanics, which +# may require downloading the source code. +option(BENCHMARK_DOWNLOAD_DEPENDENCIES "Allow the downloading and in-tree building of unmet dependencies" OFF) + +# This option can be used to disable building and running unit tests which depend on gtest +# in cases where it is not possible to build or find a valid version of gtest. +option(BENCHMARK_ENABLE_GTEST_TESTS "Enable building the unit tests which depend on gtest" ON) + +set(ENABLE_ASSEMBLY_TESTS_DEFAULT OFF) +function(should_enable_assembly_tests) + if(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE) + string(TOLOWER ${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE} CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE_LOWER) + if (${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE_LOWER} MATCHES "coverage") + # FIXME: The --coverage flag needs to be removed when building assembly + # tests for this to work. + return() + endif() + endif() + if (MSVC) + return() + elseif(NOT CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES "x86_64") + return() + elseif(NOT CMAKE_SIZEOF_VOID_P EQUAL 8) + # FIXME: Make these work on 32 bit builds + return() + elseif(BENCHMARK_BUILD_32_BITS) + # FIXME: Make these work on 32 bit builds + return() + endif() + find_program(LLVM_FILECHECK_EXE FileCheck) + if (LLVM_FILECHECK_EXE) + set(LLVM_FILECHECK_EXE "${LLVM_FILECHECK_EXE}" CACHE PATH "llvm filecheck" FORCE) + message(STATUS "LLVM FileCheck Found: ${LLVM_FILECHECK_EXE}") + else() + message(STATUS "Failed to find LLVM FileCheck") + return() + endif() + set(ENABLE_ASSEMBLY_TESTS_DEFAULT ON PARENT_SCOPE) +endfunction() +should_enable_assembly_tests() + +# This option disables the building and running of the assembly verification tests +option(BENCHMARK_ENABLE_ASSEMBLY_TESTS "Enable building and running the assembly tests" + ${ENABLE_ASSEMBLY_TESTS_DEFAULT}) # Make sure we can import out CMake functions +list(APPEND CMAKE_MODULE_PATH "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/Modules") list(APPEND CMAKE_MODULE_PATH "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake") + # Read the git tags to determine the project version include(GetGitVersion) get_git_version(GIT_VERSION) @@ -95,9 +144,7 @@ else() if (NOT BENCHMARK_ENABLE_EXCEPTIONS) add_cxx_compiler_flag(-fno-exceptions) endif() - if (NOT BENCHMARK_USE_LIBCXX) - add_cxx_compiler_flag(-Wzero-as-null-pointer-constant) - endif() + if (HAVE_CXX_FLAG_FSTRICT_ALIASING) if (NOT CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "Intel") #ICC17u2: Many false positives for Wstrict-aliasing add_cxx_compiler_flag(-Wstrict-aliasing) @@ -131,28 +178,27 @@ else() if (GCC_RANLIB) set(CMAKE_RANLIB ${GCC_RANLIB}) endif() + elseif("${CMAKE_C_COMPILER_ID}" STREQUAL "Clang") + include(llvm-toolchain) endif() endif() # Coverage build type - set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_COVERAGE "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG}" CACHE STRING - "Flags used by the C++ compiler during coverage builds." + set(BENCHMARK_CXX_FLAGS_COVERAGE "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG}" + CACHE STRING "Flags used by the C++ compiler during coverage builds." FORCE) - set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS_COVERAGE - "${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS_DEBUG}" CACHE STRING - "Flags used for linking binaries during coverage builds." + set(BENCHMARK_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS_COVERAGE "${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS_DEBUG}" + CACHE STRING "Flags used for linking binaries during coverage builds." FORCE) - set(CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS_COVERAGE - "${CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS_DEBUG}" CACHE STRING - "Flags used by the shared libraries linker during coverage builds." + set(BENCHMARK_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS_COVERAGE "${CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS_DEBUG}" + CACHE STRING "Flags used by the shared libraries linker during coverage builds." FORCE) mark_as_advanced( - CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_COVERAGE - CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS_COVERAGE - CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS_COVERAGE) + BENCHMARK_CXX_FLAGS_COVERAGE + BENCHMARK_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS_COVERAGE + BENCHMARK_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS_COVERAGE) set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE "${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}" CACHE STRING - "Choose the type of build, options are: None Debug Release RelWithDebInfo MinSizeRel Coverage." - FORCE) + "Choose the type of build, options are: None Debug Release RelWithDebInfo MinSizeRel Coverage.") add_cxx_compiler_flag(--coverage COVERAGE) endif() @@ -170,7 +216,7 @@ if (BENCHMARK_USE_LIBCXX) # linker flags appear before all linker inputs and -lc++ must appear after. list(APPEND BENCHMARK_CXX_LIBRARIES c++) else() - message(FATAL "-DBENCHMARK_USE_LIBCXX:BOOL=ON is not supported for compiler") + message(FATAL_ERROR "-DBENCHMARK_USE_LIBCXX:BOOL=ON is not supported for compiler") endif() endif(BENCHMARK_USE_LIBCXX) @@ -198,5 +244,8 @@ add_subdirectory(src) if (BENCHMARK_ENABLE_TESTING) enable_testing() + if (BENCHMARK_ENABLE_GTEST_TESTS) + include(HandleGTest) + endif() add_subdirectory(test) endif() diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/CONTRIBUTORS b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/CONTRIBUTORS index 9abb608..1cf04db 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/CONTRIBUTORS +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/CONTRIBUTORS @@ -28,18 +28,22 @@ Billy Robert O'Neal III Chris Kennelly Christopher Seymour David Coeurjolly -Dominic Hamon +Deniz Evrenci +Dominic Hamon +Dominik Czarnota Eric Fiselier Eugene Zhuk Evgeny Safronov Felix Homann Ismael Jimenez Martinez Jern-Kuan Leong -Joao Paulo Magalhaes JianXiong Zhou +Joao Paulo Magalhaes +John Millikin Jussi Knuuttila -Kaito Udagawa Kai Wolf +Kishan Kumar +Kaito Udagawa Lei Xu Matt Clarkson Maxim Vafin @@ -49,11 +53,13 @@ Pascal Leroy Paul Redmond Pierre Phaneuf Radoslav Yovchev +Raul Marin Ray Glover +Robert Guo +Roman Lebedev Shuo Chen +Tobias Ulvgård Tom Madams Yixuan Qiu Yusuke Suzuki -Tobias Ulvgård Zbigniew Skowron -Dominik Czarnota diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/README.md b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/README.md index 2430d93..0341c31 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/README.md +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/README.md @@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/google/benchmark.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/google/benchmark) [![Build status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/u0qsyp7t1tk7cpxs/branch/master?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/google/benchmark/branch/master) [![Coverage Status](https://coveralls.io/repos/google/benchmark/badge.svg)](https://coveralls.io/r/google/benchmark) +[![slackin](https://slackin-iqtfqnpzxd.now.sh/badge.svg)](https://slackin-iqtfqnpzxd.now.sh/) A library to support the benchmarking of functions, similar to unit-tests. @@ -13,13 +14,94 @@ IRC channel: https://freenode.net #googlebenchmark [Additional Tooling Documentation](docs/tools.md) +[Assembly Testing Documentation](docs/AssemblyTests.md) + + +## Building + +The basic steps for configuring and building the library look like this: + +```bash +$ git clone https://github.com/google/benchmark.git +# Benchmark requires Google Test as a dependency. Add the source tree as a subdirectory. +$ git clone https://github.com/google/googletest.git benchmark/googletest +$ mkdir build && cd build +$ cmake -G [options] ../benchmark +# Assuming a makefile generator was used +$ make +``` + +Note that Google Benchmark requires Google Test to build and run the tests. This +dependency can be provided two ways: + +* Checkout the Google Test sources into `benchmark/googletest` as above. +* Otherwise, if `-DBENCHMARK_DOWNLOAD_DEPENDENCIES=ON` is specified during + configuration, the library will automatically download and build any required + dependencies. + +If you do not wish to build and run the tests, add `-DBENCHMARK_ENABLE_GTEST_TESTS=OFF` +to `CMAKE_ARGS`. + + +## Installation Guide + +For Ubuntu and Debian Based System + +First make sure you have git and cmake installed (If not please install it) + +``` +sudo apt-get install git +sudo apt-get install cmake +``` + +Now, let's clone the repository and build it + +``` +git clone https://github.com/google/benchmark.git +cd benchmark +git clone https://github.com/google/googletest.git +mkdir build +cd build +cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE +make +``` + +We need to install the library globally now + +``` +sudo make install +``` + +Now you have google/benchmark installed in your machine +Note: Don't forget to link to pthread library while building + +## Stable and Experimental Library Versions + +The main branch contains the latest stable version of the benchmarking library; +the API of which can be considered largely stable, with source breaking changes +being made only upon the release of a new major version. + +Newer, experimental, features are implemented and tested on the +[`v2` branch](https://github.com/google/benchmark/tree/v2). Users who wish +to use, test, and provide feedback on the new features are encouraged to try +this branch. However, this branch provides no stability guarantees and reserves +the right to change and break the API at any time. + +##Prerequisite knowledge + +Before attempting to understand this framework one should ideally have some familiarity with the structure and format of the Google Test framework, upon which it is based. Documentation for Google Test, including a "Getting Started" (primer) guide, is available here: +https://github.com/google/googletest/blob/master/googletest/docs/Documentation.md + + ## Example usage ### Basic usage Define a function that executes the code to be measured. ```c++ +#include + static void BM_StringCreation(benchmark::State& state) { - while (state.KeepRunning()) + for (auto _ : state) std::string empty_string; } // Register the function as a benchmark @@ -28,7 +110,7 @@ BENCHMARK(BM_StringCreation); // Define another benchmark static void BM_StringCopy(benchmark::State& state) { std::string x = "hello"; - while (state.KeepRunning()) + for (auto _ : state) std::string copy(x); } BENCHMARK(BM_StringCopy); @@ -36,6 +118,13 @@ BENCHMARK(BM_StringCopy); BENCHMARK_MAIN(); ``` +Don't forget to inform your linker to add benchmark library e.g. through +`-lbenchmark` compilation flag. Alternatively, you may leave out the +`BENCHMARK_MAIN();` at the end of the source file and link against +`-lbenchmark_main` to get the same default behavior. + +The benchmark library will reporting the timing for the code within the `for(...)` loop. + ### Passing arguments Sometimes a family of benchmarks can be implemented with just one routine that takes an extra argument to specify which one of the family of benchmarks to @@ -47,7 +136,7 @@ static void BM_memcpy(benchmark::State& state) { char* src = new char[state.range(0)]; char* dst = new char[state.range(0)]; memset(src, 'x', state.range(0)); - while (state.KeepRunning()) + for (auto _ : state) memcpy(dst, src, state.range(0)); state.SetBytesProcessed(int64_t(state.iterations()) * int64_t(state.range(0))); @@ -80,22 +169,23 @@ insertion. ```c++ static void BM_SetInsert(benchmark::State& state) { - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + std::set data; + for (auto _ : state) { state.PauseTiming(); - std::set data = ConstructRandomSet(state.range(0)); + data = ConstructRandomSet(state.range(0)); state.ResumeTiming(); for (int j = 0; j < state.range(1); ++j) data.insert(RandomNumber()); } } BENCHMARK(BM_SetInsert) - ->Args({1<<10, 1}) - ->Args({1<<10, 8}) - ->Args({1<<10, 64}) + ->Args({1<<10, 128}) + ->Args({2<<10, 128}) + ->Args({4<<10, 128}) + ->Args({8<<10, 128}) ->Args({1<<10, 512}) - ->Args({8<<10, 1}) - ->Args({8<<10, 8}) - ->Args({8<<10, 64}) + ->Args({2<<10, 512}) + ->Args({4<<10, 512}) ->Args({8<<10, 512}); ``` @@ -105,7 +195,7 @@ product of the two specified ranges and will generate a benchmark for each such pair. ```c++ -BENCHMARK(BM_SetInsert)->Ranges({{1<<10, 8<<10}, {1, 512}}); +BENCHMARK(BM_SetInsert)->Ranges({{1<<10, 8<<10}, {128, 512}}); ``` For more complex patterns of inputs, passing a custom function to `Apply` allows @@ -131,7 +221,7 @@ running time and the normalized root-mean square error of string comparison. static void BM_StringCompare(benchmark::State& state) { std::string s1(state.range(0), '-'); std::string s2(state.range(0), '-'); - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { benchmark::DoNotOptimize(s1.compare(s2)); } state.SetComplexityN(state.range(0)); @@ -165,7 +255,7 @@ absence of multiprogramming. template int BM_Sequential(benchmark::State& state) { Q q; typename Q::value_type v; - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { for (int i = state.range(0); i--; ) q.push(v); for (int e = state.range(0); e--; ) @@ -181,7 +271,7 @@ BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_Sequential, WaitQueue)->Range(1<<0, 1<<10); Three macros are provided for adding benchmark templates. ```c++ -#if __cplusplus >= 201103L // C++11 and greater. +#ifdef BENCHMARK_HAS_CXX11 #define BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(func, ...) // Takes any number of parameters. #else // C++ < C++11 #define BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(func, arg1) @@ -190,6 +280,62 @@ Three macros are provided for adding benchmark templates. #define BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE2(func, arg1, arg2) ``` +### A Faster KeepRunning loop + +In C++11 mode, a ranged-based for loop should be used in preference to +the `KeepRunning` loop for running the benchmarks. For example: + +```c++ +static void BM_Fast(benchmark::State &state) { + for (auto _ : state) { + FastOperation(); + } +} +BENCHMARK(BM_Fast); +``` + +The reason the ranged-for loop is faster than using `KeepRunning`, is +because `KeepRunning` requires a memory load and store of the iteration count +ever iteration, whereas the ranged-for variant is able to keep the iteration count +in a register. + +For example, an empty inner loop of using the ranged-based for method looks like: + +```asm +# Loop Init + mov rbx, qword ptr [r14 + 104] + call benchmark::State::StartKeepRunning() + test rbx, rbx + je .LoopEnd +.LoopHeader: # =>This Inner Loop Header: Depth=1 + add rbx, -1 + jne .LoopHeader +.LoopEnd: +``` + +Compared to an empty `KeepRunning` loop, which looks like: + +```asm +.LoopHeader: # in Loop: Header=BB0_3 Depth=1 + cmp byte ptr [rbx], 1 + jne .LoopInit +.LoopBody: # =>This Inner Loop Header: Depth=1 + mov rax, qword ptr [rbx + 8] + lea rcx, [rax + 1] + mov qword ptr [rbx + 8], rcx + cmp rax, qword ptr [rbx + 104] + jb .LoopHeader + jmp .LoopEnd +.LoopInit: + mov rdi, rbx + call benchmark::State::StartKeepRunning() + jmp .LoopBody +.LoopEnd: +``` + +Unless C++03 compatibility is required, the ranged-for variant of writing +the benchmark loop should be preferred. + ## Passing arbitrary arguments to a benchmark In C++11 it is possible to define a benchmark that takes an arbitrary number of extra arguments. The `BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(func, test_case_name, ...args)` @@ -199,11 +345,11 @@ The `test_case_name` is appended to the name of the benchmark and should describe the values passed. ```c++ -template ` +template void BM_takes_args(benchmark::State& state, ExtraArgs&&... extra_args) { [...] } -// Registers a benchmark named "BM_takes_args/int_string_test` that passes +// Registers a benchmark named "BM_takes_args/int_string_test" that passes // the specified values to `extra_args`. BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(BM_takes_args, int_string_test, 42, std::string("abc")); ``` @@ -223,8 +369,7 @@ scope, the `RegisterBenchmark` can be called anywhere. This allows for benchmark tests to be registered programmatically. Additionally `RegisterBenchmark` allows any callable object to be registered -as a benchmark. Including capturing lambdas and function objects. This -allows the creation +as a benchmark. Including capturing lambdas and function objects. For Example: ```c++ @@ -240,9 +385,10 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) { ### Multithreaded benchmarks In a multithreaded test (benchmark invoked by multiple threads simultaneously), -it is guaranteed that none of the threads will start until all have called -`KeepRunning`, and all will have finished before KeepRunning returns false. As -such, any global setup or teardown can be wrapped in a check against the thread +it is guaranteed that none of the threads will start until all have reached +the start of the benchmark loop, and all will have finished before any thread +exits the benchmark loop. (This behavior is also provided by the `KeepRunning()` +API) As such, any global setup or teardown can be wrapped in a check against the thread index: ```c++ @@ -250,7 +396,7 @@ static void BM_MultiThreaded(benchmark::State& state) { if (state.thread_index == 0) { // Setup code here. } - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { // Run the test as normal. } if (state.thread_index == 0) { @@ -274,10 +420,10 @@ Without `UseRealTime`, CPU time is used by default. ## Manual timing For benchmarking something for which neither CPU time nor real-time are correct or accurate enough, completely manual timing is supported using -the `UseManualTime` function. +the `UseManualTime` function. When `UseManualTime` is used, the benchmarked code must call -`SetIterationTime` once per iteration of the `KeepRunning` loop to +`SetIterationTime` once per iteration of the benchmark loop to report the manually measured time. An example use case for this is benchmarking GPU execution (e.g. OpenCL @@ -293,7 +439,7 @@ static void BM_ManualTiming(benchmark::State& state) { static_cast(microseconds) }; - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { auto start = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now(); // Simulate some useful workload with a sleep std::this_thread::sleep_for(sleep_duration); @@ -316,7 +462,7 @@ functions can be used. ```c++ static void BM_test(benchmark::State& state) { - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { int x = 0; for (int i=0; i < 64; ++i) { benchmark::DoNotOptimize(x += i); @@ -355,7 +501,7 @@ away. ```c++ static void BM_vector_push_back(benchmark::State& state) { - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { std::vector v; v.reserve(1); benchmark::DoNotOptimize(v.data()); // Allow v.data() to be clobbered. @@ -384,7 +530,7 @@ the minimum time, or the wallclock time is 5x minimum time. The minimum time is set as a flag `--benchmark_min_time` or per benchmark by calling `MinTime` on the registered benchmark object. -## Reporting the mean and standard devation by repeated benchmarks +## Reporting the mean, median and standard deviation by repeated benchmarks By default each benchmark is run once and that single result is reported. However benchmarks are often noisy and a single result may not be representative of the overall behavior. For this reason it's possible to repeatedly rerun the @@ -392,19 +538,42 @@ benchmark. The number of runs of each benchmark is specified globally by the `--benchmark_repetitions` flag or on a per benchmark basis by calling -`Repetitions` on the registered benchmark object. When a benchmark is run -more than once the mean and standard deviation of the runs will be reported. +`Repetitions` on the registered benchmark object. When a benchmark is run more +than once the mean, median and standard deviation of the runs will be reported. Additionally the `--benchmark_report_aggregates_only={true|false}` flag or `ReportAggregatesOnly(bool)` function can be used to change how repeated tests are reported. By default the result of each repeated run is reported. When this -option is 'true' only the mean and standard deviation of the runs is reported. +option is `true` only the mean, median and standard deviation of the runs is reported. Calling `ReportAggregatesOnly(bool)` on a registered benchmark object overrides the value of the flag for that benchmark. +## User-defined statistics for repeated benchmarks +While having mean, median and standard deviation is nice, this may not be +enough for everyone. For example you may want to know what is the largest +observation, e.g. because you have some real-time constraints. This is easy. +The following code will specify a custom statistic to be calculated, defined +by a lambda function. + +```c++ +void BM_spin_empty(benchmark::State& state) { + for (auto _ : state) { + for (int x = 0; x < state.range(0); ++x) { + benchmark::DoNotOptimize(x); + } + } +} + +BENCHMARK(BM_spin_empty) + ->ComputeStatistics("max", [](const std::vector& v) -> double { + return *(std::max_element(std::begin(v), std::end(v))); + }) + ->Arg(512); +``` + ## Fixtures Fixture tests are created by -first defining a type that derives from ::benchmark::Fixture and then +first defining a type that derives from `::benchmark::Fixture` and then creating/registering the tests using the following macros: * `BENCHMARK_F(ClassName, Method)` @@ -417,13 +586,13 @@ For Example: class MyFixture : public benchmark::Fixture {}; BENCHMARK_F(MyFixture, FooTest)(benchmark::State& st) { - while (st.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : st) { ... } } BENCHMARK_DEFINE_F(MyFixture, BarTest)(benchmark::State& st) { - while (st.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : st) { ... } } @@ -432,6 +601,31 @@ BENCHMARK_REGISTER_F(MyFixture, BarTest)->Threads(2); /* BarTest is now registered */ ``` +### Templated fixtures +Also you can create templated fixture by using the following macros: + +* `BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE_F(ClassName, Method, ...)` +* `BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE_DEFINE_F(ClassName, Method, ...)` + +For example: +```c++ +template +class MyFixture : public benchmark::Fixture {}; + +BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE_F(MyFixture, IntTest, int)(benchmark::State& st) { + for (auto _ : st) { + ... + } +} + +BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE_DEFINE_F(MyFixture, DoubleTest, double)(benchmark::State& st) { + for (auto _ : st) { + ... + } +} + +BENCHMARK_REGISTER_F(MyFixture, DoubleTest)->Threads(2); +``` ## User-defined counters @@ -441,7 +635,7 @@ will add columns "Foo", "Bar" and "Baz" in its output: ```c++ static void UserCountersExample1(benchmark::State& state) { double numFoos = 0, numBars = 0, numBazs = 0; - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { // ... count Foo,Bar,Baz events } state.counters["Foo"] = numFoos; @@ -564,11 +758,12 @@ When errors caused by external influences, such as file I/O and network communication, occur within a benchmark the `State::SkipWithError(const char* msg)` function can be used to skip that run of benchmark and report the error. Note that only future iterations of the -`KeepRunning()` are skipped. Users may explicitly return to exit the -benchmark immediately. +`KeepRunning()` are skipped. For the ranged-for version of the benchmark loop +Users must explicitly exit the loop, otherwise all iterations will be performed. +Users may explicitly return to exit the benchmark immediately. The `SkipWithError(...)` function may be used at any point within the benchmark, -including before and after the `KeepRunning()` loop. +including before and after the benchmark loop. For example: @@ -579,7 +774,7 @@ static void BM_test(benchmark::State& state) { state.SkipWithError("Resource is not good!"); // KeepRunning() loop will not be entered. } - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (state.KeepRunning()) { auto data = resource.read_data(); if (!resource.good()) { state.SkipWithError("Failed to read data!"); @@ -588,6 +783,14 @@ static void BM_test(benchmark::State& state) { do_stuff(data); } } + +static void BM_test_ranged_fo(benchmark::State & state) { + state.SkipWithError("test will not be entered"); + for (auto _ : state) { + state.SkipWithError("Failed!"); + break; // REQUIRED to prevent all further iterations. + } +} ``` ## Running a subset of the benchmarks @@ -614,7 +817,7 @@ The library supports multiple output formats. Use the is the default format. The Console format is intended to be a human readable format. By default -the format generates color output. Context is output on stderr and the +the format generates color output. Context is output on stderr and the tabular data on stdout. Example tabular output looks like: ``` Benchmark Time(ns) CPU(ns) Iterations @@ -627,7 +830,7 @@ BM_SetInsert/1024/10 33157 33648 21431 1.13369M The JSON format outputs human readable json split into two top level attributes. The `context` attribute contains information about the run in general, including information about the CPU and the date. -The `benchmarks` attribute contains a list of ever benchmark run. Example json +The `benchmarks` attribute contains a list of every benchmark run. Example json output looks like: ```json { @@ -695,9 +898,15 @@ To enable link-time optimisation, use cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DBENCHMARK_ENABLE_LTO=true ``` +If you are using gcc, you might need to set `GCC_AR` and `GCC_RANLIB` cmake cache variables, if autodetection fails. +If you are using clang, you may need to set `LLVMAR_EXECUTABLE`, `LLVMNM_EXECUTABLE` and `LLVMRANLIB_EXECUTABLE` cmake cache variables. + ## Linking against the library -When using gcc, it is necessary to link against pthread to avoid runtime exceptions. -This is due to how gcc implements std::thread. + +When the library is built using GCC it is necessary to link with `-pthread`, +due to how GCC implements `std::thread`. + +For GCC 4.x failing to link to pthreads will lead to runtime exceptions, not linker errors. See [issue #67](https://github.com/google/benchmark/issues/67) for more details. ## Compiler Support @@ -717,10 +926,25 @@ Anything older *may* work. Note: Using the library and its headers in C++03 is supported. C++11 is only required to build the library. +## Disable CPU frequency scaling +If you see this error: +``` +***WARNING*** CPU scaling is enabled, the benchmark real time measurements may be noisy and will incur extra overhead. +``` +you might want to disable the CPU frequency scaling while running the benchmark: +```bash +sudo cpupower frequency-set --governor performance +./mybench +sudo cpupower frequency-set --governor powersave +``` + # Known Issues -### Windows +### Windows with CMake * Users must manually link `shlwapi.lib`. Failure to do so may result in unresolved symbols. +### Solaris + +* Users must explicitly link with kstat library (-lkstat compilation flag). diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/WORKSPACE b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/WORKSPACE new file mode 100644 index 0000000..54734f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/WORKSPACE @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +workspace(name = "com_github_google_benchmark") + +http_archive( + name = "com_google_googletest", + urls = ["https://github.com/google/googletest/archive/3f0cf6b62ad1eb50d8736538363d3580dd640c3e.zip"], + strip_prefix = "googletest-3f0cf6b62ad1eb50d8736538363d3580dd640c3e", +) diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/appveyor.yml b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/appveyor.yml index e084f38..e99c6e7 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/appveyor.yml +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/appveyor.yml @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ build_script: - md _build -Force - cd _build - echo %configuration% - - cmake -G "%generator%" "-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=%configuration%" .. + - cmake -G "%generator%" "-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=%configuration%" -DBENCHMARK_DOWNLOAD_DEPENDENCIES=ON .. - cmake --build . --config %configuration% test_script: diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/cmake/AddCXXCompilerFlag.cmake b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/cmake/AddCXXCompilerFlag.cmake index 0b176ba..d0d2099 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/cmake/AddCXXCompilerFlag.cmake +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/cmake/AddCXXCompilerFlag.cmake @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ function(add_cxx_compiler_flag FLAG) if(ARGV1) string(TOUPPER "_${VARIANT}" VARIANT) endif() - set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS${VARIANT} "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS${VARIANT}} ${FLAG}" PARENT_SCOPE) + set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS${VARIANT} "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS${VARIANT}} ${BENCHMARK_CXX_FLAGS${VARIANT}} ${FLAG}" PARENT_SCOPE) endif() endfunction() @@ -62,3 +62,13 @@ function(add_required_cxx_compiler_flag FLAG) message(FATAL_ERROR "Required flag '${FLAG}' is not supported by the compiler") endif() endfunction() + +function(check_cxx_warning_flag FLAG) + mangle_compiler_flag("${FLAG}" MANGLED_FLAG) + set(OLD_CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS "${CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS}") + # Add -Werror to ensure the compiler generates an error if the warning flag + # doesn't exist. + set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS "${CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS} -Werror ${FLAG}") + check_cxx_compiler_flag("${FLAG}" ${MANGLED_FLAG}) + set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS "${OLD_CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS}") +endfunction() diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/cmake/CXXFeatureCheck.cmake b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/cmake/CXXFeatureCheck.cmake index 2c4460f..c4c4d66 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/cmake/CXXFeatureCheck.cmake +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/cmake/CXXFeatureCheck.cmake @@ -22,18 +22,37 @@ function(cxx_feature_check FILE) string(TOUPPER ${FILE} VAR) string(TOUPPER "HAVE_${VAR}" FEATURE) if (DEFINED HAVE_${VAR}) - set(HAVE_${VAR} 1 CACHE INTERNAL "Feature test for ${FILE}" PARENT_SCOPE) + set(HAVE_${VAR} 1 PARENT_SCOPE) add_definitions(-DHAVE_${VAR}) return() endif() - message("-- Performing Test ${FEATURE}") - try_run(RUN_${FEATURE} COMPILE_${FEATURE} - ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/${FILE}.cpp - CMAKE_FLAGS ${BENCHMARK_CXX_LINKER_FLAGS} - LINK_LIBRARIES ${BENCHMARK_CXX_LIBRARIES}) + + if (NOT DEFINED COMPILE_${FEATURE}) + message("-- Performing Test ${FEATURE}") + if(CMAKE_CROSSCOMPILING) + try_compile(COMPILE_${FEATURE} + ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/${FILE}.cpp + CMAKE_FLAGS ${BENCHMARK_CXX_LINKER_FLAGS} + LINK_LIBRARIES ${BENCHMARK_CXX_LIBRARIES}) + if(COMPILE_${FEATURE}) + message(WARNING + "If you see build failures due to cross compilation, try setting HAVE_${VAR} to 0") + set(RUN_${FEATURE} 0) + else() + set(RUN_${FEATURE} 1) + endif() + else() + message("-- Performing Test ${FEATURE}") + try_run(RUN_${FEATURE} COMPILE_${FEATURE} + ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/${FILE}.cpp + CMAKE_FLAGS ${BENCHMARK_CXX_LINKER_FLAGS} + LINK_LIBRARIES ${BENCHMARK_CXX_LIBRARIES}) + endif() + endif() + if(RUN_${FEATURE} EQUAL 0) message("-- Performing Test ${FEATURE} -- success") - set(HAVE_${VAR} 1 CACHE INTERNAL "Feature test for ${FILE}" PARENT_SCOPE) + set(HAVE_${VAR} 1 PARENT_SCOPE) add_definitions(-DHAVE_${VAR}) else() if(NOT COMPILE_${FEATURE}) @@ -43,4 +62,3 @@ function(cxx_feature_check FILE) endif() endif() endfunction() - diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/cmake/GetGitVersion.cmake b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/cmake/GetGitVersion.cmake index 8dd9480..88cebe3 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/cmake/GetGitVersion.cmake +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/cmake/GetGitVersion.cmake @@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ set(__get_git_version INCLUDED) function(get_git_version var) if(GIT_EXECUTABLE) execute_process(COMMAND ${GIT_EXECUTABLE} describe --match "v[0-9]*.[0-9]*.[0-9]*" --abbrev=8 + WORKING_DIRECTORY ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR} RESULT_VARIABLE status OUTPUT_VARIABLE GIT_VERSION ERROR_QUIET) @@ -33,9 +34,11 @@ function(get_git_version var) # Work out if the repository is dirty execute_process(COMMAND ${GIT_EXECUTABLE} update-index -q --refresh + WORKING_DIRECTORY ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR} OUTPUT_QUIET ERROR_QUIET) execute_process(COMMAND ${GIT_EXECUTABLE} diff-index --name-only HEAD -- + WORKING_DIRECTORY ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR} OUTPUT_VARIABLE GIT_DIFF_INDEX ERROR_QUIET) string(COMPARE NOTEQUAL "${GIT_DIFF_INDEX}" "" GIT_DIRTY) diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/cmake/HandleGTest.cmake b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/cmake/HandleGTest.cmake new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7ce1a63 --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/cmake/HandleGTest.cmake @@ -0,0 +1,113 @@ + +include(split_list) + +macro(build_external_gtest) + include(ExternalProject) + set(GTEST_FLAGS "") + if (BENCHMARK_USE_LIBCXX) + if ("${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID}" STREQUAL "Clang") + list(APPEND GTEST_FLAGS -stdlib=libc++) + else() + message(WARNING "Unsupported compiler (${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER}) when using libc++") + endif() + endif() + if (BENCHMARK_BUILD_32_BITS) + list(APPEND GTEST_FLAGS -m32) + endif() + if (NOT "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS}" STREQUAL "") + list(APPEND GTEST_FLAGS ${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS}) + endif() + string(TOUPPER "${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}" GTEST_BUILD_TYPE) + if ("${GTEST_BUILD_TYPE}" STREQUAL "COVERAGE") + set(GTEST_BUILD_TYPE "DEBUG") + endif() + # FIXME: Since 10/Feb/2017 the googletest trunk has had a bug where + # -Werror=unused-function fires during the build on OS X. This is a temporary + # workaround to keep our travis bots from failing. It should be removed + # once gtest is fixed. + if (NOT "${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID}" STREQUAL "MSVC") + list(APPEND GTEST_FLAGS "-Wno-unused-function") + endif() + split_list(GTEST_FLAGS) + set(EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL_OPT "") + set(EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL_VALUE "") + if (${CMAKE_VERSION} VERSION_GREATER "3.0.99") + set(EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL_OPT "EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL") + set(EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL_VALUE "ON") + endif() + ExternalProject_Add(googletest + ${EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL_OPT} ${EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL_VALUE} + GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/google/googletest.git + GIT_TAG master + PREFIX "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/googletest" + INSTALL_DIR "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/googletest" + CMAKE_CACHE_ARGS + -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:STRING=${GTEST_BUILD_TYPE} + -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER:STRING=${CMAKE_C_COMPILER} + -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER:STRING=${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER} + -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX:PATH= + -DCMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR:PATH=/lib + -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS:STRING=${GTEST_FLAGS} + -Dgtest_force_shared_crt:BOOL=ON + ) + + ExternalProject_Get_Property(googletest install_dir) + set(GTEST_INCLUDE_DIRS ${install_dir}/include) + file(MAKE_DIRECTORY ${GTEST_INCLUDE_DIRS}) + + set(LIB_SUFFIX "${CMAKE_STATIC_LIBRARY_SUFFIX}") + set(LIB_PREFIX "${CMAKE_STATIC_LIBRARY_PREFIX}") + if("${GTEST_BUILD_TYPE}" STREQUAL "DEBUG") + set(LIB_SUFFIX "d${CMAKE_STATIC_LIBRARY_SUFFIX}") + endif() + + # Use gmock_main instead of gtest_main because it initializes gtest as well. + # Note: The libraries are listed in reverse order of their dependancies. + foreach(LIB gtest gmock gmock_main) + add_library(${LIB} UNKNOWN IMPORTED) + set_target_properties(${LIB} PROPERTIES + IMPORTED_LOCATION ${install_dir}/lib/${LIB_PREFIX}${LIB}${LIB_SUFFIX} + INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES ${GTEST_INCLUDE_DIRS} + INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES "${GTEST_BOTH_LIBRARIES}" + ) + add_dependencies(${LIB} googletest) + list(APPEND GTEST_BOTH_LIBRARIES ${LIB}) + endforeach() +endmacro(build_external_gtest) + +if (BENCHMARK_ENABLE_GTEST_TESTS) + if (IS_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/googletest) + set(GTEST_ROOT "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/googletest") + set(INSTALL_GTEST OFF CACHE INTERNAL "") + set(INSTALL_GMOCK OFF CACHE INTERNAL "") + add_subdirectory(${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/googletest) + set(GTEST_BOTH_LIBRARIES gtest gmock gmock_main) + foreach(HEADER test mock) + # CMake 2.8 and older don't respect INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES, so we + # have to add the paths ourselves. + set(HFILE g${HEADER}/g${HEADER}.h) + set(HPATH ${GTEST_ROOT}/google${HEADER}/include) + find_path(HEADER_PATH_${HEADER} ${HFILE} + NO_DEFAULT_PATHS + HINTS ${HPATH} + ) + if (NOT HEADER_PATH_${HEADER}) + message(FATAL_ERROR "Failed to find header ${HFILE} in ${HPATH}") + endif() + list(APPEND GTEST_INCLUDE_DIRS ${HEADER_PATH_${HEADER}}) + endforeach() + elseif(BENCHMARK_DOWNLOAD_DEPENDENCIES) + build_external_gtest() + else() + find_package(GTest REQUIRED) + find_path(GMOCK_INCLUDE_DIRS gmock/gmock.h + HINTS ${GTEST_INCLUDE_DIRS}) + if (NOT GMOCK_INCLUDE_DIRS) + message(FATAL_ERROR "Failed to find header gmock/gmock.h with hint ${GTEST_INCLUDE_DIRS}") + endif() + set(GTEST_INCLUDE_DIRS ${GTEST_INCLUDE_DIRS} ${GMOCK_INCLUDE_DIRS}) + # FIXME: We don't currently require the gmock library to build the tests, + # and it's likely we won't find it, so we don't try. As long as we've + # found the gmock/gmock.h header and gtest_main that should be good enough. + endif() +endif() diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/cmake/Modules/FindLLVMAr.cmake b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/cmake/Modules/FindLLVMAr.cmake new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2346981 --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/cmake/Modules/FindLLVMAr.cmake @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +include(FeatureSummary) + +find_program(LLVMAR_EXECUTABLE + NAMES llvm-ar + DOC "The llvm-ar executable" + ) + +include(FindPackageHandleStandardArgs) +find_package_handle_standard_args(LLVMAr + DEFAULT_MSG + LLVMAR_EXECUTABLE) + +SET_PACKAGE_PROPERTIES(LLVMAr PROPERTIES + URL https://llvm.org/docs/CommandGuide/llvm-ar.html + DESCRIPTION "create, modify, and extract from archives" +) diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/cmake/Modules/FindLLVMNm.cmake b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/cmake/Modules/FindLLVMNm.cmake new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e56430a --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/cmake/Modules/FindLLVMNm.cmake @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +include(FeatureSummary) + +find_program(LLVMNM_EXECUTABLE + NAMES llvm-nm + DOC "The llvm-nm executable" + ) + +include(FindPackageHandleStandardArgs) +find_package_handle_standard_args(LLVMNm + DEFAULT_MSG + LLVMNM_EXECUTABLE) + +SET_PACKAGE_PROPERTIES(LLVMNm PROPERTIES + URL https://llvm.org/docs/CommandGuide/llvm-nm.html + DESCRIPTION "list LLVM bitcode and object file’s symbol table" +) diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/cmake/Modules/FindLLVMRanLib.cmake b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/cmake/Modules/FindLLVMRanLib.cmake new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7b53e1a --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/cmake/Modules/FindLLVMRanLib.cmake @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +include(FeatureSummary) + +find_program(LLVMRANLIB_EXECUTABLE + NAMES llvm-ranlib + DOC "The llvm-ranlib executable" + ) + +include(FindPackageHandleStandardArgs) +find_package_handle_standard_args(LLVMRanLib + DEFAULT_MSG + LLVMRANLIB_EXECUTABLE) + +SET_PACKAGE_PROPERTIES(LLVMRanLib PROPERTIES + DESCRIPTION "generate index for LLVM archive" +) diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/cmake/benchmark.pc.in b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/cmake/benchmark.pc.in new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1e84bff --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/cmake/benchmark.pc.in @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +prefix=@CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX@ +exec_prefix=${prefix} +libdir=${prefix}/lib +includedir=${prefix}/include + +Name: @PROJECT_NAME@ +Description: Google microbenchmark framework +Version: @VERSION@ + +Libs: -L${libdir} -lbenchmark +Cflags: -I${includedir} diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/cmake/llvm-toolchain.cmake b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/cmake/llvm-toolchain.cmake new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fc119e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/cmake/llvm-toolchain.cmake @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +find_package(LLVMAr REQUIRED) +set(CMAKE_AR "${LLVMAR_EXECUTABLE}" CACHE FILEPATH "" FORCE) + +find_package(LLVMNm REQUIRED) +set(CMAKE_NM "${LLVMNM_EXECUTABLE}" CACHE FILEPATH "" FORCE) + +find_package(LLVMRanLib REQUIRED) +set(CMAKE_RANLIB "${LLVMRANLIB_EXECUTABLE}" CACHE FILEPATH "" FORCE) diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/cmake/split_list.cmake b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/cmake/split_list.cmake new file mode 100644 index 0000000..67aed3f --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/cmake/split_list.cmake @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +macro(split_list listname) + string(REPLACE ";" " " ${listname} "${${listname}}") +endmacro() diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/docs/AssemblyTests.md b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/docs/AssemblyTests.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1fbdc26 --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/docs/AssemblyTests.md @@ -0,0 +1,147 @@ +# Assembly Tests + +The Benchmark library provides a number of functions whose primary +purpose in to affect assembly generation, including `DoNotOptimize` +and `ClobberMemory`. In addition there are other functions, +such as `KeepRunning`, for which generating good assembly is paramount. + +For these functions it's important to have tests that verify the +correctness and quality of the implementation. This requires testing +the code generated by the compiler. + +This document describes how the Benchmark library tests compiler output, +as well as how to properly write new tests. + + +## Anatomy of a Test + +Writing a test has two steps: + +* Write the code you want to generate assembly for. +* Add `// CHECK` lines to match against the verified assembly. + +Example: +```c++ + +// CHECK-LABEL: test_add: +extern "C" int test_add() { + extern int ExternInt; + return ExternInt + 1; + + // CHECK: movl ExternInt(%rip), %eax + // CHECK: addl %eax + // CHECK: ret +} + +``` + +#### LLVM Filecheck + +[LLVM's Filecheck](https://llvm.org/docs/CommandGuide/FileCheck.html) +is used to test the generated assembly against the `// CHECK` lines +specified in the tests source file. Please see the documentation +linked above for information on how to write `CHECK` directives. + +#### Tips and Tricks: + +* Tests should match the minimal amount of output required to establish +correctness. `CHECK` directives don't have to match on the exact next line +after the previous match, so tests should omit checks for unimportant +bits of assembly. ([`CHECK-NEXT`](https://llvm.org/docs/CommandGuide/FileCheck.html#the-check-next-directive) +can be used to ensure a match occurs exactly after the previous match). + +* The tests are compiled with `-O3 -g0`. So we're only testing the +optimized output. + +* The assembly output is further cleaned up using `tools/strip_asm.py`. +This removes comments, assembler directives, and unused labels before +the test is run. + +* The generated and stripped assembly file for a test is output under +`/test/.s` + +* Filecheck supports using [`CHECK` prefixes](https://llvm.org/docs/CommandGuide/FileCheck.html#cmdoption-check-prefixes) +to specify lines that should only match in certain situations. +The Benchmark tests use `CHECK-CLANG` and `CHECK-GNU` for lines that +are only expected to match Clang or GCC's output respectively. Normal +`CHECK` lines match against all compilers. (Note: `CHECK-NOT` and +`CHECK-LABEL` are NOT prefixes. They are versions of non-prefixed +`CHECK` lines) + +* Use `extern "C"` to disable name mangling for specific functions. This +makes them easier to name in the `CHECK` lines. + + +## Problems Writing Portable Tests + +Writing tests which check the code generated by a compiler are +inherently non-portable. Different compilers and even different compiler +versions may generate entirely different code. The Benchmark tests +must tolerate this. + +LLVM Filecheck provides a number of mechanisms to help write +"more portable" tests; including [matching using regular expressions](https://llvm.org/docs/CommandGuide/FileCheck.html#filecheck-pattern-matching-syntax), +allowing the creation of [named variables](https://llvm.org/docs/CommandGuide/FileCheck.html#filecheck-variables) +for later matching, and [checking non-sequential matches](https://llvm.org/docs/CommandGuide/FileCheck.html#the-check-dag-directive). + +#### Capturing Variables + +For example, say GCC stores a variable in a register but Clang stores +it in memory. To write a test that tolerates both cases we "capture" +the destination of the store, and then use the captured expression +to write the remainder of the test. + +```c++ +// CHECK-LABEL: test_div_no_op_into_shr: +extern "C" void test_div_no_op_into_shr(int value) { + int divisor = 2; + benchmark::DoNotOptimize(divisor); // hide the value from the optimizer + return value / divisor; + + // CHECK: movl $2, [[DEST:.*]] + // CHECK: idivl [[DEST]] + // CHECK: ret +} +``` + +#### Using Regular Expressions to Match Differing Output + +Often tests require testing assembly lines which may subtly differ +between compilers or compiler versions. A common example of this +is matching stack frame addresses. In this case regular expressions +can be used to match the differing bits of output. For example: + +```c++ +int ExternInt; +struct Point { int x, y, z; }; + +// CHECK-LABEL: test_store_point: +extern "C" void test_store_point() { + Point p{ExternInt, ExternInt, ExternInt}; + benchmark::DoNotOptimize(p); + + // CHECK: movl ExternInt(%rip), %eax + // CHECK: movl %eax, -{{[0-9]+}}(%rsp) + // CHECK: movl %eax, -{{[0-9]+}}(%rsp) + // CHECK: movl %eax, -{{[0-9]+}}(%rsp) + // CHECK: ret +} +``` + +## Current Requirements and Limitations + +The tests require Filecheck to be installed along the `PATH` of the +build machine. Otherwise the tests will be disabled. + +Additionally, as mentioned in the previous section, codegen tests are +inherently non-portable. Currently the tests are limited to: + +* x86_64 targets. +* Compiled with GCC or Clang + +Further work could be done, at least on a limited basis, to extend the +tests to other architectures and compilers (using `CHECK` prefixes). + +Furthermore, the tests fail for builds which specify additional flags +that modify code generation, including `--coverage` or `-fsanitize=`. + diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/docs/tools.md b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/docs/tools.md index f176f74..70500bd 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/docs/tools.md +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/docs/tools.md @@ -11,49 +11,232 @@ $ compare_bench.py [benchmark options]... Where `` and `` either specify a benchmark executable file, or a JSON output file. The type of the input file is automatically detected. If a benchmark executable is specified then the benchmark is run to obtain the results. Otherwise the results are simply loaded from the output file. +`[benchmark options]` will be passed to the benchmarks invocations. They can be anything that binary accepts, be it either normal `--benchmark_*` parameters, or some custom parameters your binary takes. + The sample output using the JSON test files under `Inputs/` gives: ``` bash $ ./compare_bench.py ./gbench/Inputs/test1_run1.json ./gbench/Inputs/test1_run2.json Comparing ./gbench/Inputs/test1_run1.json to ./gbench/Inputs/test1_run2.json -Benchmark Time CPU ----------------------------------------------- -BM_SameTimes +0.00 +0.00 -BM_2xFaster -0.50 -0.50 -BM_2xSlower +1.00 +1.00 -BM_10PercentFaster -0.10 -0.10 -BM_10PercentSlower +0.10 +0.10 +Benchmark Time CPU Time Old Time New CPU Old CPU New +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +BM_SameTimes +0.0000 +0.0000 10 10 10 10 +BM_2xFaster -0.5000 -0.5000 50 25 50 25 +BM_2xSlower +1.0000 +1.0000 50 100 50 100 +BM_1PercentFaster -0.0100 -0.0100 100 99 100 99 +BM_1PercentSlower +0.0100 +0.0100 100 101 100 101 +BM_10PercentFaster -0.1000 -0.1000 100 90 100 90 +BM_10PercentSlower +0.1000 +0.1000 100 110 100 110 +BM_100xSlower +99.0000 +99.0000 100 10000 100 10000 +BM_100xFaster -0.9900 -0.9900 10000 100 10000 100 +BM_10PercentCPUToTime +0.1000 -0.1000 100 110 100 90 +BM_ThirdFaster -0.3333 -0.3334 100 67 100 67 +BM_BadTimeUnit -0.9000 +0.2000 0 0 0 1 ``` +As you can note, the values in `Time` and `CPU` columns are calculated as `(new - old) / |old|`. + When a benchmark executable is run, the raw output from the benchmark is printed in real time to stdout. The sample output using `benchmark/basic_test` for both arguments looks like: ``` ./compare_bench.py test/basic_test test/basic_test --benchmark_filter=BM_empty.* -RUNNING: test/basic_test --benchmark_filter=BM_empty.* -Run on (4 X 4228.32 MHz CPU s) -2016-08-02 19:21:33 +RUNNING: test/basic_test --benchmark_filter=BM_empty.* --benchmark_out=/tmp/tmpN7LF3a +Run on (8 X 4000 MHz CPU s) +2017-11-07 23:28:36 +--------------------------------------------------------------------- Benchmark Time CPU Iterations --------------------------------------------------------------------- -BM_empty 9 ns 9 ns 79545455 -BM_empty/threads:4 4 ns 9 ns 75268816 -BM_empty_stop_start 8 ns 8 ns 83333333 -BM_empty_stop_start/threads:4 3 ns 8 ns 83333332 -RUNNING: test/basic_test --benchmark_filter=BM_empty.* -Run on (4 X 4228.32 MHz CPU s) -2016-08-02 19:21:35 +--------------------------------------------------------------------- +BM_empty 4 ns 4 ns 170178757 +BM_empty/threads:8 1 ns 7 ns 103868920 +BM_empty_stop_start 0 ns 0 ns 1000000000 +BM_empty_stop_start/threads:8 0 ns 0 ns 1403031720 +RUNNING: /test/basic_test --benchmark_filter=BM_empty.* --benchmark_out=/tmp/tmplvrIp8 +Run on (8 X 4000 MHz CPU s) +2017-11-07 23:28:38 +--------------------------------------------------------------------- Benchmark Time CPU Iterations --------------------------------------------------------------------- -BM_empty 9 ns 9 ns 76086957 -BM_empty/threads:4 4 ns 9 ns 76086956 -BM_empty_stop_start 8 ns 8 ns 87500000 -BM_empty_stop_start/threads:4 3 ns 8 ns 88607596 -Comparing test/basic_test to test/basic_test -Benchmark Time CPU ---------------------------------------------------------- -BM_empty +0.00 +0.00 -BM_empty/threads:4 +0.00 +0.00 -BM_empty_stop_start +0.00 +0.00 -BM_empty_stop_start/threads:4 +0.00 +0.00 +--------------------------------------------------------------------- +BM_empty 4 ns 4 ns 169534855 +BM_empty/threads:8 1 ns 7 ns 104188776 +BM_empty_stop_start 0 ns 0 ns 1000000000 +BM_empty_stop_start/threads:8 0 ns 0 ns 1404159424 +Comparing ../build/test/basic_test to ../build/test/basic_test +Benchmark Time CPU Time Old Time New CPU Old CPU New +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +BM_empty -0.0048 -0.0049 4 4 4 4 +BM_empty/threads:8 -0.0123 -0.0054 1 1 7 7 +BM_empty_stop_start -0.0000 -0.0000 0 0 0 0 +BM_empty_stop_start/threads:8 -0.0029 +0.0001 0 0 0 0 + ``` +As you can note, the values in `Time` and `CPU` columns are calculated as `(new - old) / |old|`. Obviously this example doesn't give any useful output, but it's intended to show the output format when 'compare_bench.py' needs to run benchmarks. + +## compare.py + +The `compare.py` can be used to compare the result of benchmarks. +There are three modes of operation: + +1. Just compare two benchmarks, what `compare_bench.py` did. +The program is invoked like: + +``` bash +$ compare.py benchmarks [benchmark options]... +``` +Where `` and `` either specify a benchmark executable file, or a JSON output file. The type of the input file is automatically detected. If a benchmark executable is specified then the benchmark is run to obtain the results. Otherwise the results are simply loaded from the output file. + +`[benchmark options]` will be passed to the benchmarks invocations. They can be anything that binary accepts, be it either normal `--benchmark_*` parameters, or some custom parameters your binary takes. + +Example output: +``` +$ ./compare.py benchmarks ./a.out ./a.out +RUNNING: ./a.out --benchmark_out=/tmp/tmprBT5nW +Run on (8 X 4000 MHz CPU s) +2017-11-07 21:16:44 +------------------------------------------------------ +Benchmark Time CPU Iterations +------------------------------------------------------ +BM_memcpy/8 36 ns 36 ns 19101577 211.669MB/s +BM_memcpy/64 76 ns 76 ns 9412571 800.199MB/s +BM_memcpy/512 84 ns 84 ns 8249070 5.64771GB/s +BM_memcpy/1024 116 ns 116 ns 6181763 8.19505GB/s +BM_memcpy/8192 643 ns 643 ns 1062855 11.8636GB/s +BM_copy/8 222 ns 222 ns 3137987 34.3772MB/s +BM_copy/64 1608 ns 1608 ns 432758 37.9501MB/s +BM_copy/512 12589 ns 12589 ns 54806 38.7867MB/s +BM_copy/1024 25169 ns 25169 ns 27713 38.8003MB/s +BM_copy/8192 201165 ns 201112 ns 3486 38.8466MB/s +RUNNING: ./a.out --benchmark_out=/tmp/tmpt1wwG_ +Run on (8 X 4000 MHz CPU s) +2017-11-07 21:16:53 +------------------------------------------------------ +Benchmark Time CPU Iterations +------------------------------------------------------ +BM_memcpy/8 36 ns 36 ns 19397903 211.255MB/s +BM_memcpy/64 73 ns 73 ns 9691174 839.635MB/s +BM_memcpy/512 85 ns 85 ns 8312329 5.60101GB/s +BM_memcpy/1024 118 ns 118 ns 6438774 8.11608GB/s +BM_memcpy/8192 656 ns 656 ns 1068644 11.6277GB/s +BM_copy/8 223 ns 223 ns 3146977 34.2338MB/s +BM_copy/64 1611 ns 1611 ns 435340 37.8751MB/s +BM_copy/512 12622 ns 12622 ns 54818 38.6844MB/s +BM_copy/1024 25257 ns 25239 ns 27779 38.6927MB/s +BM_copy/8192 205013 ns 205010 ns 3479 38.108MB/s +Comparing ./a.out to ./a.out +Benchmark Time CPU Time Old Time New CPU Old CPU New +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +BM_memcpy/8 +0.0020 +0.0020 36 36 36 36 +BM_memcpy/64 -0.0468 -0.0470 76 73 76 73 +BM_memcpy/512 +0.0081 +0.0083 84 85 84 85 +BM_memcpy/1024 +0.0098 +0.0097 116 118 116 118 +BM_memcpy/8192 +0.0200 +0.0203 643 656 643 656 +BM_copy/8 +0.0046 +0.0042 222 223 222 223 +BM_copy/64 +0.0020 +0.0020 1608 1611 1608 1611 +BM_copy/512 +0.0027 +0.0026 12589 12622 12589 12622 +BM_copy/1024 +0.0035 +0.0028 25169 25257 25169 25239 +BM_copy/8192 +0.0191 +0.0194 201165 205013 201112 205010 +``` + +What it does is for the every benchmark from the first run it looks for the benchmark with exactly the same name in the second run, and then compares the results. If the names differ, the benchmark is omitted from the diff. +As you can note, the values in `Time` and `CPU` columns are calculated as `(new - old) / |old|`. + +2. Compare two different filters of one benchmark +The program is invoked like: + +``` bash +$ compare.py filters [benchmark options]... +``` +Where `` either specify a benchmark executable file, or a JSON output file. The type of the input file is automatically detected. If a benchmark executable is specified then the benchmark is run to obtain the results. Otherwise the results are simply loaded from the output file. + +Where `` and `` are the same regex filters that you would pass to the `[--benchmark_filter=]` parameter of the benchmark binary. + +`[benchmark options]` will be passed to the benchmarks invocations. They can be anything that binary accepts, be it either normal `--benchmark_*` parameters, or some custom parameters your binary takes. + +Example output: +``` +$ ./compare.py filters ./a.out BM_memcpy BM_copy +RUNNING: ./a.out --benchmark_filter=BM_memcpy --benchmark_out=/tmp/tmpBWKk0k +Run on (8 X 4000 MHz CPU s) +2017-11-07 21:37:28 +------------------------------------------------------ +Benchmark Time CPU Iterations +------------------------------------------------------ +BM_memcpy/8 36 ns 36 ns 17891491 211.215MB/s +BM_memcpy/64 74 ns 74 ns 9400999 825.646MB/s +BM_memcpy/512 87 ns 87 ns 8027453 5.46126GB/s +BM_memcpy/1024 111 ns 111 ns 6116853 8.5648GB/s +BM_memcpy/8192 657 ns 656 ns 1064679 11.6247GB/s +RUNNING: ./a.out --benchmark_filter=BM_copy --benchmark_out=/tmp/tmpAvWcOM +Run on (8 X 4000 MHz CPU s) +2017-11-07 21:37:33 +---------------------------------------------------- +Benchmark Time CPU Iterations +---------------------------------------------------- +BM_copy/8 227 ns 227 ns 3038700 33.6264MB/s +BM_copy/64 1640 ns 1640 ns 426893 37.2154MB/s +BM_copy/512 12804 ns 12801 ns 55417 38.1444MB/s +BM_copy/1024 25409 ns 25407 ns 27516 38.4365MB/s +BM_copy/8192 202986 ns 202990 ns 3454 38.4871MB/s +Comparing BM_memcpy to BM_copy (from ./a.out) +Benchmark Time CPU Time Old Time New CPU Old CPU New +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +[BM_memcpy vs. BM_copy]/8 +5.2829 +5.2812 36 227 36 227 +[BM_memcpy vs. BM_copy]/64 +21.1719 +21.1856 74 1640 74 1640 +[BM_memcpy vs. BM_copy]/512 +145.6487 +145.6097 87 12804 87 12801 +[BM_memcpy vs. BM_copy]/1024 +227.1860 +227.1776 111 25409 111 25407 +[BM_memcpy vs. BM_copy]/8192 +308.1664 +308.2898 657 202986 656 202990 +``` + +As you can see, it applies filter to the benchmarks, both when running the benchmark, and before doing the diff. And to make the diff work, the matches are replaced with some common string. Thus, you can compare two different benchmark families within one benchmark binary. +As you can note, the values in `Time` and `CPU` columns are calculated as `(new - old) / |old|`. + +3. Compare filter one from benchmark one to filter two from benchmark two: +The program is invoked like: + +``` bash +$ compare.py filters [benchmark options]... +``` + +Where `` and `` either specify a benchmark executable file, or a JSON output file. The type of the input file is automatically detected. If a benchmark executable is specified then the benchmark is run to obtain the results. Otherwise the results are simply loaded from the output file. + +Where `` and `` are the same regex filters that you would pass to the `[--benchmark_filter=]` parameter of the benchmark binary. + +`[benchmark options]` will be passed to the benchmarks invocations. They can be anything that binary accepts, be it either normal `--benchmark_*` parameters, or some custom parameters your binary takes. + +Example output: +``` +$ ./compare.py benchmarksfiltered ./a.out BM_memcpy ./a.out BM_copy +RUNNING: ./a.out --benchmark_filter=BM_memcpy --benchmark_out=/tmp/tmp_FvbYg +Run on (8 X 4000 MHz CPU s) +2017-11-07 21:38:27 +------------------------------------------------------ +Benchmark Time CPU Iterations +------------------------------------------------------ +BM_memcpy/8 37 ns 37 ns 18953482 204.118MB/s +BM_memcpy/64 74 ns 74 ns 9206578 828.245MB/s +BM_memcpy/512 91 ns 91 ns 8086195 5.25476GB/s +BM_memcpy/1024 120 ns 120 ns 5804513 7.95662GB/s +BM_memcpy/8192 664 ns 664 ns 1028363 11.4948GB/s +RUNNING: ./a.out --benchmark_filter=BM_copy --benchmark_out=/tmp/tmpDfL5iE +Run on (8 X 4000 MHz CPU s) +2017-11-07 21:38:32 +---------------------------------------------------- +Benchmark Time CPU Iterations +---------------------------------------------------- +BM_copy/8 230 ns 230 ns 2985909 33.1161MB/s +BM_copy/64 1654 ns 1653 ns 419408 36.9137MB/s +BM_copy/512 13122 ns 13120 ns 53403 37.2156MB/s +BM_copy/1024 26679 ns 26666 ns 26575 36.6218MB/s +BM_copy/8192 215068 ns 215053 ns 3221 36.3283MB/s +Comparing BM_memcpy (from ./a.out) to BM_copy (from ./a.out) +Benchmark Time CPU Time Old Time New CPU Old CPU New +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +[BM_memcpy vs. BM_copy]/8 +5.1649 +5.1637 37 230 37 230 +[BM_memcpy vs. BM_copy]/64 +21.4352 +21.4374 74 1654 74 1653 +[BM_memcpy vs. BM_copy]/512 +143.6022 +143.5865 91 13122 91 13120 +[BM_memcpy vs. BM_copy]/1024 +221.5903 +221.4790 120 26679 120 26666 +[BM_memcpy vs. BM_copy]/8192 +322.9059 +323.0096 664 215068 664 215053 +``` +This is a mix of the previous two modes, two (potentially different) benchmark binaries are run, and a different filter is applied to each one. +As you can note, the values in `Time` and `CPU` columns are calculated as `(new - old) / |old|`. diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/include/benchmark/benchmark.h b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/include/benchmark/benchmark.h index bd3b0ff..23dd3d0 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/include/benchmark/benchmark.h +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/include/benchmark/benchmark.h @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ // Define a function that executes the code to be measured a // specified number of times: static void BM_StringCreation(benchmark::State& state) { - while (state.KeepRunning()) + for (auto _ : state) std::string empty_string; } @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ BENCHMARK(BM_StringCreation); // Define another benchmark static void BM_StringCopy(benchmark::State& state) { std::string x = "hello"; - while (state.KeepRunning()) + for (auto _ : state) std::string copy(x); } BENCHMARK(BM_StringCopy); @@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) { static void BM_memcpy(benchmark::State& state) { char* src = new char[state.range(0)]; char* dst = new char[state.range(0)]; memset(src, 'x', state.range(0)); - while (state.KeepRunning()) + for (auto _ : state) memcpy(dst, src, state.range(0)); state.SetBytesProcessed(int64_t(state.iterations()) * int64_t(state.range(0))); @@ -72,29 +72,30 @@ BENCHMARK(BM_memcpy)->Range(8, 8<<10); // example, the following code defines a family of microbenchmarks for // measuring the speed of set insertion. static void BM_SetInsert(benchmark::State& state) { - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + set data; + for (auto _ : state) { state.PauseTiming(); - set data = ConstructRandomSet(state.range(0)); + data = ConstructRandomSet(state.range(0)); state.ResumeTiming(); for (int j = 0; j < state.range(1); ++j) data.insert(RandomNumber()); } } BENCHMARK(BM_SetInsert) - ->Args({1<<10, 1}) - ->Args({1<<10, 8}) - ->Args({1<<10, 64}) + ->Args({1<<10, 128}) + ->Args({2<<10, 128}) + ->Args({4<<10, 128}) + ->Args({8<<10, 128}) ->Args({1<<10, 512}) - ->Args({8<<10, 1}) - ->Args({8<<10, 8}) - ->Args({8<<10, 64}) + ->Args({2<<10, 512}) + ->Args({4<<10, 512}) ->Args({8<<10, 512}); // The preceding code is quite repetitive, and can be replaced with // the following short-hand. The following macro will pick a few // appropriate arguments in the product of the two specified ranges // and will generate a microbenchmark for each such pair. -BENCHMARK(BM_SetInsert)->Ranges({{1<<10, 8<<10}, {1, 512}}); +BENCHMARK(BM_SetInsert)->Ranges({{1<<10, 8<<10}, {128, 512}}); // For more complex patterns of inputs, passing a custom function // to Apply allows programmatic specification of an @@ -114,7 +115,7 @@ BENCHMARK(BM_SetInsert)->Apply(CustomArguments); template int BM_Sequential(benchmark::State& state) { Q q; typename Q::value_type v; - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { for (int i = state.range(0); i--; ) q.push(v); for (int e = state.range(0); e--; ) @@ -135,15 +136,15 @@ void BM_test(benchmark::State& state) { BENCHMARK(BM_test)->MinTime(2.0); // Run for at least 2 seconds. In a multithreaded test, it is guaranteed that none of the threads will start -until all have called KeepRunning, and all will have finished before KeepRunning -returns false. As such, any global setup or teardown you want to do can be -wrapped in a check against the thread index: +until all have reached the loop start, and all will have finished before any +thread exits the loop body. As such, any global setup or teardown you want to +do can be wrapped in a check against the thread index: static void BM_MultiThreaded(benchmark::State& state) { if (state.thread_index == 0) { // Setup code here. } - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { // Run the test as normal. } if (state.thread_index == 0) { @@ -164,12 +165,14 @@ BENCHMARK(BM_test)->Unit(benchmark::kMillisecond); #define BENCHMARK_BENCHMARK_H_ -#if __cplusplus >= 201103L +// The _MSVC_LANG check should detect Visual Studio 2015 Update 3 and newer. +#if __cplusplus >= 201103L || (defined(_MSVC_LANG) && _MSVC_LANG >= 201103L) #define BENCHMARK_HAS_CXX11 #endif #include +#include #include #include #include @@ -237,7 +240,6 @@ BENCHMARK(BM_test)->Unit(benchmark::kMillisecond); #define BENCHMARK_GCC_VERSION (__GNUC__ * 100 + __GNUC_MINOR__) #endif - namespace benchmark { class BenchmarkReporter; @@ -289,25 +291,32 @@ BENCHMARK_UNUSED static int stream_init_anchor = InitializeStreams(); } // namespace internal -#if !defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__pnacl__) || defined(EMSCRIPTN) +#if (!defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__)) || defined(__pnacl__) || \ + defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__) # define BENCHMARK_HAS_NO_INLINE_ASSEMBLY #endif + // The DoNotOptimize(...) function can be used to prevent a value or // expression from being optimized away by the compiler. This function is // intended to add little to no overhead. // See: https://youtu.be/nXaxk27zwlk?t=2441 #ifndef BENCHMARK_HAS_NO_INLINE_ASSEMBLY template -inline BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE void DoNotOptimize(Tp const& value) { - // Clang doesn't like the 'X' constraint on `value` and certain GCC versions - // don't like the 'g' constraint. Attempt to placate them both. +inline BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE +void DoNotOptimize(Tp const& value) { + asm volatile("" : : "r,m"(value) : "memory"); +} + +template +inline BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE void DoNotOptimize(Tp& value) { #if defined(__clang__) - asm volatile("" : : "g"(value) : "memory"); + asm volatile("" : "+r,m"(value) : : "memory"); #else - asm volatile("" : : "i,r,m"(value) : "memory"); + asm volatile("" : "+m,r"(value) : : "memory"); #endif } + // Force the compiler to flush pending writes to global memory. Acts as an // effective read/write barrier inline BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE void ClobberMemory() { @@ -376,7 +385,19 @@ enum BigO { oNone, o1, oN, oNSquared, oNCubed, oLogN, oNLogN, oAuto, oLambda }; // BigOFunc is passed to a benchmark in order to specify the asymptotic // computational complexity for the benchmark. -typedef double(BigOFunc)(int); +typedef double(BigOFunc)(int64_t); + +// StatisticsFunc is passed to a benchmark in order to compute some descriptive +// statistics over all the measurements of some type +typedef double(StatisticsFunc)(const std::vector&); + +struct Statistics { + std::string name_; + StatisticsFunc* compute_; + + Statistics(std::string name, StatisticsFunc* compute) + : name_(name), compute_(compute) {} +}; namespace internal { class ThreadTimer; @@ -398,24 +419,40 @@ enum ReportMode // benchmark to use. class State { public: + struct StateIterator; + friend struct StateIterator; + + // Returns iterators used to run each iteration of a benchmark using a + // C++11 ranged-based for loop. These functions should not be called directly. + // + // REQUIRES: The benchmark has not started running yet. Neither begin nor end + // have been called previously. + // + // NOTE: KeepRunning may not be used after calling either of these functions. + BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE StateIterator begin(); + BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE StateIterator end(); + // Returns true if the benchmark should continue through another iteration. // NOTE: A benchmark may not return from the test until KeepRunning() has // returned false. - bool KeepRunning() { - if (BENCHMARK_BUILTIN_EXPECT(!started_, false)) { - StartKeepRunning(); - } - bool const res = total_iterations_++ < max_iterations; - if (BENCHMARK_BUILTIN_EXPECT(!res, false)) { - FinishKeepRunning(); - } - return res; - } + bool KeepRunning(); + + // Returns true iff the benchmark should run n more iterations. + // REQUIRES: 'n' > 0. + // NOTE: A benchmark must not return from the test until KeepRunningBatch() + // has returned false. + // NOTE: KeepRunningBatch() may overshoot by up to 'n' iterations. + // + // Intended usage: + // while (state.KeepRunningBatch(1000)) { + // // process 1000 elements + // } + bool KeepRunningBatch(size_t n); // REQUIRES: timer is running and 'SkipWithError(...)' has not been called // by the current thread. // Stop the benchmark timer. If not called, the timer will be - // automatically stopped after KeepRunning() returns false for the first time. + // automatically stopped after the last iteration of the benchmark loop. // // For threaded benchmarks the PauseTiming() function only pauses the timing // for the current thread. @@ -431,7 +468,8 @@ class State { // REQUIRES: timer is not running and 'SkipWithError(...)' has not been called // by the current thread. // Start the benchmark timer. The timer is NOT running on entrance to the - // benchmark function. It begins running after the first call to KeepRunning() + // benchmark function. It begins running after control flow enters the + // benchmark loop. // // NOTE: PauseTiming()/ResumeTiming() are relatively // heavyweight, and so their use should generally be avoided @@ -440,9 +478,13 @@ class State { // REQUIRES: 'SkipWithError(...)' has not been called previously by the // current thread. - // Skip any future iterations of the 'KeepRunning()' loop in the current - // thread and report an error with the specified 'msg'. After this call - // the user may explicitly 'return' from the benchmark. + // Report the benchmark as resulting in an error with the specified 'msg'. + // After this call the user may explicitly 'return' from the benchmark. + // + // If the ranged-for style of benchmark loop is used, the user must explicitly + // break from the loop, otherwise all future iterations will be run. + // If the 'KeepRunning()' loop is used the current thread will automatically + // exit the loop at the end of the current iteration. // // For threaded benchmarks only the current thread stops executing and future // calls to `KeepRunning()` will block until all threads have completed @@ -455,7 +497,7 @@ class State { // responsibility to exit the scope as needed. void SkipWithError(const char* msg); - // REQUIRES: called exactly once per iteration of the KeepRunning loop. + // REQUIRES: called exactly once per iteration of the benchmarking loop. // Set the manually measured time for this benchmark iteration, which // is used instead of automatically measured time if UseManualTime() was // specified. @@ -470,12 +512,12 @@ class State { // value > 0, the report is printed in MB/sec instead of nanoseconds // per iteration. // - // REQUIRES: a benchmark has exited its KeepRunning loop. + // REQUIRES: a benchmark has exited its benchmarking loop. BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE - void SetBytesProcessed(size_t bytes) { bytes_processed_ = bytes; } + void SetBytesProcessed(int64_t bytes) { bytes_processed_ = bytes; } BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE - size_t bytes_processed() const { return bytes_processed_; } + int64_t bytes_processed() const { return bytes_processed_; } // If this routine is called with complexity_n > 0 and complexity report is // requested for the @@ -483,22 +525,22 @@ class State { // and complexity_n will // represent the length of N. BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE - void SetComplexityN(int complexity_n) { complexity_n_ = complexity_n; } + void SetComplexityN(int64_t complexity_n) { complexity_n_ = complexity_n; } BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE - int complexity_length_n() { return complexity_n_; } + int64_t complexity_length_n() { return complexity_n_; } // If this routine is called with items > 0, then an items/s // label is printed on the benchmark report line for the currently // executing benchmark. It is typically called at the end of a processing // benchmark where a processing items/second output is desired. // - // REQUIRES: a benchmark has exited its KeepRunning loop. + // REQUIRES: a benchmark has exited its benchmarking loop. BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE - void SetItemsProcessed(size_t items) { items_processed_ = items; } + void SetItemsProcessed(int64_t items) { items_processed_ = items; } BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE - size_t items_processed() const { return items_processed_; } + int64_t items_processed() const { return items_processed_; } // If this routine is called, the specified label is printed at the // end of the benchmark report line for the currently executing @@ -506,12 +548,12 @@ class State { // static void BM_Compress(benchmark::State& state) { // ... // double compress = input_size / output_size; - // state.SetLabel(StringPrintf("compress:%.1f%%", 100.0*compression)); + // state.SetLabel(StrFormat("compress:%.1f%%", 100.0*compression)); // } // Produces output that looks like: // BM_Compress 50 50 14115038 compress:27.3% // - // REQUIRES: a benchmark has exited its KeepRunning loop. + // REQUIRES: a benchmark has exited its benchmarking loop. void SetLabel(const char* label); void BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE SetLabel(const std::string& str) { @@ -520,34 +562,52 @@ class State { // Range arguments for this run. CHECKs if the argument has been set. BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE - int range(std::size_t pos = 0) const { + int64_t range(std::size_t pos = 0) const { assert(range_.size() > pos); return range_[pos]; } BENCHMARK_DEPRECATED_MSG("use 'range(0)' instead") - int range_x() const { return range(0); } + int64_t range_x() const { return range(0); } BENCHMARK_DEPRECATED_MSG("use 'range(1)' instead") - int range_y() const { return range(1); } + int64_t range_y() const { return range(1); } BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE - size_t iterations() const { return total_iterations_; } + size_t iterations() const { + if (BENCHMARK_BUILTIN_EXPECT(!started_, false)) { + return 0; + } + return max_iterations - total_iterations_ + batch_leftover_; + } - private: - bool started_; - bool finished_; +private: // items we expect on the first cache line (ie 64 bytes of the struct) + + // When total_iterations_ is 0, KeepRunning() and friends will return false. + // May be larger than max_iterations. size_t total_iterations_; - std::vector range_; + // When using KeepRunningBatch(), batch_leftover_ holds the number of + // iterations beyond max_iters that were run. Used to track + // completed_iterations_ accurately. + size_t batch_leftover_; - size_t bytes_processed_; - size_t items_processed_; - - int complexity_n_; +public: + const size_t max_iterations; +private: + bool started_; + bool finished_; bool error_occurred_; +private: // items we don't need on the first cache line + std::vector range_; + + int64_t bytes_processed_; + int64_t items_processed_; + + int64_t complexity_n_; + public: // Container for user-defined counters. UserCounters counters; @@ -555,21 +615,110 @@ class State { const int thread_index; // Number of threads concurrently executing the benchmark. const int threads; - const size_t max_iterations; + // TODO(EricWF) make me private - State(size_t max_iters, const std::vector& ranges, int thread_i, + State(size_t max_iters, const std::vector& ranges, int thread_i, int n_threads, internal::ThreadTimer* timer, internal::ThreadManager* manager); private: void StartKeepRunning(); + // Implementation of KeepRunning() and KeepRunningBatch(). + // is_batch must be true unless n is 1. + bool KeepRunningInternal(size_t n, bool is_batch); void FinishKeepRunning(); internal::ThreadTimer* timer_; internal::ThreadManager* manager_; BENCHMARK_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(State); }; +inline BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE +bool State::KeepRunning() { + return KeepRunningInternal(1, /*is_batch=*/ false); +} + +inline BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE +bool State::KeepRunningBatch(size_t n) { + return KeepRunningInternal(n, /*is_batch=*/ true); +} + +inline BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE +bool State::KeepRunningInternal(size_t n, bool is_batch) { + // total_iterations_ is set to 0 by the constructor, and always set to a + // nonzero value by StartKepRunning(). + assert(n > 0); + // n must be 1 unless is_batch is true. + assert(is_batch || n == 1); + if (BENCHMARK_BUILTIN_EXPECT(total_iterations_ >= n, true)) { + total_iterations_ -= n; + return true; + } + if (!started_) { + StartKeepRunning(); + if (!error_occurred_ && total_iterations_ >= n) { + total_iterations_-= n; + return true; + } + } + // For non-batch runs, total_iterations_ must be 0 by now. + if (is_batch && total_iterations_ != 0) { + batch_leftover_ = n - total_iterations_; + total_iterations_ = 0; + return true; + } + FinishKeepRunning(); + return false; +} + +struct State::StateIterator { + struct BENCHMARK_UNUSED Value {}; + typedef std::forward_iterator_tag iterator_category; + typedef Value value_type; + typedef Value reference; + typedef Value pointer; + typedef std::ptrdiff_t difference_type; + + private: + friend class State; + BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE + StateIterator() : cached_(0), parent_() {} + + BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE + explicit StateIterator(State* st) + : cached_(st->error_occurred_ ? 0 : st->max_iterations), parent_(st) {} + + public: + BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE + Value operator*() const { return Value(); } + + BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE + StateIterator& operator++() { + assert(cached_ > 0); + --cached_; + return *this; + } + + BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE + bool operator!=(StateIterator const&) const { + if (BENCHMARK_BUILTIN_EXPECT(cached_ != 0, true)) return true; + parent_->FinishKeepRunning(); + return false; + } + + private: + size_t cached_; + State* const parent_; +}; + +inline BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE State::StateIterator State::begin() { + return StateIterator(this); +} +inline BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE State::StateIterator State::end() { + StartKeepRunning(); + return StateIterator(); +} + namespace internal { typedef void(Function)(State&); @@ -590,7 +739,7 @@ class Benchmark { // Run this benchmark once with "x" as the extra argument passed // to the function. // REQUIRES: The function passed to the constructor must accept an arg1. - Benchmark* Arg(int x); + Benchmark* Arg(int64_t x); // Run this benchmark with the given time unit for the generated output report Benchmark* Unit(TimeUnit unit); @@ -598,23 +747,23 @@ class Benchmark { // Run this benchmark once for a number of values picked from the // range [start..limit]. (start and limit are always picked.) // REQUIRES: The function passed to the constructor must accept an arg1. - Benchmark* Range(int start, int limit); + Benchmark* Range(int64_t start, int64_t limit); // Run this benchmark once for all values in the range [start..limit] with // specific step // REQUIRES: The function passed to the constructor must accept an arg1. - Benchmark* DenseRange(int start, int limit, int step = 1); + Benchmark* DenseRange(int64_t start, int64_t limit, int step = 1); // Run this benchmark once with "args" as the extra arguments passed // to the function. // REQUIRES: The function passed to the constructor must accept arg1, arg2 ... - Benchmark* Args(const std::vector& args); + Benchmark* Args(const std::vector& args); // Equivalent to Args({x, y}) // NOTE: This is a legacy C++03 interface provided for compatibility only. // New code should use 'Args'. - Benchmark* ArgPair(int x, int y) { - std::vector args; + Benchmark* ArgPair(int64_t x, int64_t y) { + std::vector args; args.push_back(x); args.push_back(y); return Args(args); @@ -623,7 +772,7 @@ class Benchmark { // Run this benchmark once for a number of values picked from the // ranges [start..limit]. (starts and limits are always picked.) // REQUIRES: The function passed to the constructor must accept arg1, arg2 ... - Benchmark* Ranges(const std::vector >& ranges); + Benchmark* Ranges(const std::vector >& ranges); // Equivalent to ArgNames({name}) Benchmark* ArgName(const std::string& name); @@ -635,8 +784,8 @@ class Benchmark { // Equivalent to Ranges({{lo1, hi1}, {lo2, hi2}}). // NOTE: This is a legacy C++03 interface provided for compatibility only. // New code should use 'Ranges'. - Benchmark* RangePair(int lo1, int hi1, int lo2, int hi2) { - std::vector > ranges; + Benchmark* RangePair(int64_t lo1, int64_t hi1, int64_t lo2, int64_t hi2) { + std::vector > ranges; ranges.push_back(std::make_pair(lo1, hi1)); ranges.push_back(std::make_pair(lo2, hi2)); return Ranges(ranges); @@ -698,6 +847,9 @@ class Benchmark { // the asymptotic computational complexity will be shown on the output. Benchmark* Complexity(BigOFunc* complexity); + // Add this statistics to be computed over all the values of benchmark run + Benchmark* ComputeStatistics(std::string name, StatisticsFunc* statistics); + // Support for running multiple copies of the same benchmark concurrently // in multiple threads. This may be useful when measuring the scaling // of some piece of code. @@ -740,15 +892,13 @@ class Benchmark { int ArgsCnt() const; - static void AddRange(std::vector* dst, int lo, int hi, int mult); - private: friend class BenchmarkFamilies; std::string name_; ReportMode report_mode_; std::vector arg_names_; // Args for all benchmark runs - std::vector > args_; // Args for all benchmark runs + std::vector > args_; // Args for all benchmark runs TimeUnit time_unit_; int range_multiplier_; double min_time_; @@ -758,6 +908,7 @@ class Benchmark { bool use_manual_time_; BigO complexity_; BigOFunc* complexity_lambda_; + std::vector statistics_; std::vector thread_counts_; Benchmark& operator=(Benchmark const&); @@ -905,7 +1056,7 @@ class Fixture : public internal::Benchmark { #define BENCHMARK_RANGE2(n, l1, h1, l2, h2) \ BENCHMARK(n)->RangePair({{(l1), (h1)}, {(l2), (h2)}}) -#if __cplusplus >= 201103L +#ifdef BENCHMARK_HAS_CXX11 // Register a benchmark which invokes the function specified by `func` // with the additional arguments specified by `...`. @@ -925,7 +1076,7 @@ class Fixture : public internal::Benchmark { #func "/" #test_case_name, \ [](::benchmark::State& st) { func(st, __VA_ARGS__); }))) -#endif // __cplusplus >= 11 +#endif // BENCHMARK_HAS_CXX11 // This will register a benchmark for a templatized function. For example: // @@ -946,7 +1097,7 @@ class Fixture : public internal::Benchmark { new ::benchmark::internal::FunctionBenchmark(#n "<" #a "," #b ">", \ n))) -#if __cplusplus >= 201103L +#ifdef BENCHMARK_HAS_CXX11 #define BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(n, ...) \ BENCHMARK_PRIVATE_DECLARE(n) = \ (::benchmark::internal::RegisterBenchmarkInternal( \ @@ -967,10 +1118,63 @@ class Fixture : public internal::Benchmark { virtual void BenchmarkCase(::benchmark::State&); \ }; +#define BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE1_PRIVATE_DECLARE_F(BaseClass, Method, a) \ + class BaseClass##_##Method##_Benchmark : public BaseClass { \ + public: \ + BaseClass##_##Method##_Benchmark() : BaseClass() { \ + this->SetName(#BaseClass"<" #a ">/" #Method); \ + } \ + \ + protected: \ + virtual void BenchmarkCase(::benchmark::State&); \ + }; + +#define BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE2_PRIVATE_DECLARE_F(BaseClass, Method, a, b) \ + class BaseClass##_##Method##_Benchmark : public BaseClass { \ + public: \ + BaseClass##_##Method##_Benchmark() : BaseClass() { \ + this->SetName(#BaseClass"<" #a "," #b ">/" #Method); \ + } \ + \ + protected: \ + virtual void BenchmarkCase(::benchmark::State&); \ + }; + +#ifdef BENCHMARK_HAS_CXX11 +#define BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE_PRIVATE_DECLARE_F(BaseClass, Method, ...) \ + class BaseClass##_##Method##_Benchmark : public BaseClass<__VA_ARGS__> { \ + public: \ + BaseClass##_##Method##_Benchmark() : BaseClass<__VA_ARGS__>() { \ + this->SetName(#BaseClass"<" #__VA_ARGS__ ">/" #Method); \ + } \ + \ + protected: \ + virtual void BenchmarkCase(::benchmark::State&); \ + }; +#else +#define BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE_PRIVATE_DECLARE_F(n, a) BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE1_PRIVATE_DECLARE_F(n, a) +#endif + #define BENCHMARK_DEFINE_F(BaseClass, Method) \ BENCHMARK_PRIVATE_DECLARE_F(BaseClass, Method) \ void BaseClass##_##Method##_Benchmark::BenchmarkCase +#define BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE1_DEFINE_F(BaseClass, Method, a) \ + BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE1_PRIVATE_DECLARE_F(BaseClass, Method, a) \ + void BaseClass##_##Method##_Benchmark::BenchmarkCase + +#define BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE2_DEFINE_F(BaseClass, Method, a, b) \ + BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE2_PRIVATE_DECLARE_F(BaseClass, Method, a, b) \ + void BaseClass##_##Method##_Benchmark::BenchmarkCase + +#ifdef BENCHMARK_HAS_CXX11 +#define BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE_DEFINE_F(BaseClass, Method, ...) \ + BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE_PRIVATE_DECLARE_F(BaseClass, Method, __VA_ARGS__) \ + void BaseClass##_##Method##_Benchmark::BenchmarkCase +#else +#define BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE_DEFINE_F(BaseClass, Method, a) BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE1_DEFINE_F(BaseClass, Method, a) +#endif + #define BENCHMARK_REGISTER_F(BaseClass, Method) \ BENCHMARK_PRIVATE_REGISTER_F(BaseClass##_##Method##_Benchmark) @@ -984,13 +1188,33 @@ class Fixture : public internal::Benchmark { BENCHMARK_REGISTER_F(BaseClass, Method); \ void BaseClass##_##Method##_Benchmark::BenchmarkCase +#define BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE1_F(BaseClass, Method, a) \ + BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE1_PRIVATE_DECLARE_F(BaseClass, Method, a) \ + BENCHMARK_REGISTER_F(BaseClass, Method); \ + void BaseClass##_##Method##_Benchmark::BenchmarkCase + +#define BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE2_F(BaseClass, Method, a, b) \ + BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE2_PRIVATE_DECLARE_F(BaseClass, Method, a, b) \ + BENCHMARK_REGISTER_F(BaseClass, Method); \ + void BaseClass##_##Method##_Benchmark::BenchmarkCase + +#ifdef BENCHMARK_HAS_CXX11 +#define BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE_F(BaseClass, Method, ...) \ + BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE_PRIVATE_DECLARE_F(BaseClass, Method, __VA_ARGS__) \ + BENCHMARK_REGISTER_F(BaseClass, Method); \ + void BaseClass##_##Method##_Benchmark::BenchmarkCase +#else +#define BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE_F(BaseClass, Method, a) BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE1_F(BaseClass, Method, a) +#endif + // Helper macro to create a main routine in a test that runs the benchmarks #define BENCHMARK_MAIN() \ int main(int argc, char** argv) { \ ::benchmark::Initialize(&argc, argv); \ if (::benchmark::ReportUnrecognizedArguments(argc, argv)) return 1; \ ::benchmark::RunSpecifiedBenchmarks(); \ - } + } \ + int main(int, char**) // ------------------------------------------------------ @@ -998,6 +1222,26 @@ class Fixture : public internal::Benchmark { namespace benchmark { +struct CPUInfo { + struct CacheInfo { + std::string type; + int level; + int size; + int num_sharing; + }; + + int num_cpus; + double cycles_per_second; + std::vector caches; + bool scaling_enabled; + + static const CPUInfo& Get(); + + private: + CPUInfo(); + BENCHMARK_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(CPUInfo); +}; + // Interface for custom benchmark result printers. // By default, benchmark reports are printed to stdout. However an application // can control the destination of the reports by calling @@ -1006,12 +1250,11 @@ namespace benchmark { class BenchmarkReporter { public: struct Context { - int num_cpus; - double mhz_per_cpu; - bool cpu_scaling_enabled; - + CPUInfo const& cpu_info; // The number of chars in the longest benchmark name. size_t name_field_width; + static const char *executable_name; + Context(); }; struct Run { @@ -1063,7 +1306,10 @@ class BenchmarkReporter { // Keep track of arguments to compute asymptotic complexity BigO complexity; BigOFunc* complexity_lambda; - int complexity_n; + int64_t complexity_n; + + // what statistics to compute from the measurements + const std::vector* statistics; // Inform print function whether the current run is a complexity report bool report_big_o; diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/include/benchmark/benchmark_api.h b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/include/benchmark/benchmark_api.h deleted file mode 100644 index a9ae671..0000000 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/include/benchmark/benchmark_api.h +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ -// Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All rights reserved. -// -// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); -// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. -// You may obtain a copy of the License at -// -// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 -// -// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software -// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, -// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. -// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and -// limitations under the License. -#ifndef BENCHMARK_BENCHMARK_API_H_ -#define BENCHMARK_BENCHMARK_API_H_ - -#ifdef __DEPRECATED -# ifndef BENCHMARK_WARNING_MSG -# warning the benchmark_api.h header has been deprecated and will be removed, please include benchmark.h instead -# else - BENCHMARK_WARNING_MSG("the benchmark_api.h header has been deprecated and will be removed, please include benchmark.h instead") -# endif -#endif - -#include "benchmark.h" // For forward declaration of BenchmarkReporter - -#endif // BENCHMARK_BENCHMARK_API_H_ diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/releasing.md b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/releasing.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f0cd701 --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/releasing.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# How to release + +* Make sure you're on master and synced to HEAD +* Ensure the project builds and tests run (sanity check only, obviously) + * `parallel -j0 exec ::: test/*_test` can help ensure everything at least + passes +* Prepare release notes + * `git log $(git describe --abbrev=0 --tags)..HEAD` gives you the list of + commits between the last annotated tag and HEAD + * Pick the most interesting. +* Create a release through github's interface + * Note this will create a lightweight tag. + * Update this to an annotated tag: + * `git pull --tags` + * `git tag -a -f ` + * `git push --force origin` diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/CMakeLists.txt b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/CMakeLists.txt index 244484b..701804b 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/CMakeLists.txt +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/CMakeLists.txt @@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ file(GLOB *.cc ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/benchmark/*.h ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/*.h) +list(FILTER SOURCE_FILES EXCLUDE REGEX "benchmark_main\\.cc") add_library(benchmark ${SOURCE_FILES}) set_target_properties(benchmark PROPERTIES @@ -34,15 +35,34 @@ if(${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME} MATCHES "Windows") target_link_libraries(benchmark Shlwapi) endif() +# We need extra libraries on Solaris +if(${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME} MATCHES "SunOS") + target_link_libraries(benchmark kstat) +endif() + +# Benchmark main library +add_library(benchmark_main "benchmark_main.cc") +set_target_properties(benchmark_main PROPERTIES + OUTPUT_NAME "benchmark_main" + VERSION ${GENERIC_LIB_VERSION} + SOVERSION ${GENERIC_LIB_SOVERSION} +) +target_include_directories(benchmark PUBLIC + $ + ) +target_link_libraries(benchmark_main benchmark) + set(include_install_dir "include") set(lib_install_dir "lib/") set(bin_install_dir "bin/") set(config_install_dir "lib/cmake/${PROJECT_NAME}") +set(pkgconfig_install_dir "lib/pkgconfig") set(generated_dir "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/generated") set(version_config "${generated_dir}/${PROJECT_NAME}ConfigVersion.cmake") set(project_config "${generated_dir}/${PROJECT_NAME}Config.cmake") +set(pkg_config "${generated_dir}/${PROJECT_NAME}.pc") set(targets_export_name "${PROJECT_NAME}Targets") set(namespace "${PROJECT_NAME}::") @@ -53,26 +73,33 @@ write_basic_package_version_file( ) configure_file("${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/Config.cmake.in" "${project_config}" @ONLY) +configure_file("${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/benchmark.pc.in" "${pkg_config}" @ONLY) -# Install target (will install the library to specified CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX variable) -install( - TARGETS benchmark - EXPORT ${targets_export_name} - ARCHIVE DESTINATION ${lib_install_dir} - LIBRARY DESTINATION ${lib_install_dir} - RUNTIME DESTINATION ${bin_install_dir} - INCLUDES DESTINATION ${include_install_dir}) +if (BENCHMARK_ENABLE_INSTALL) + # Install target (will install the library to specified CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX variable) + install( + TARGETS benchmark benchmark_main + EXPORT ${targets_export_name} + ARCHIVE DESTINATION ${lib_install_dir} + LIBRARY DESTINATION ${lib_install_dir} + RUNTIME DESTINATION ${bin_install_dir} + INCLUDES DESTINATION ${include_install_dir}) -install( - DIRECTORY "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/benchmark" - DESTINATION ${include_install_dir} - FILES_MATCHING PATTERN "*.*h") + install( + DIRECTORY "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/benchmark" + DESTINATION ${include_install_dir} + FILES_MATCHING PATTERN "*.*h") -install( - FILES "${project_config}" "${version_config}" - DESTINATION "${config_install_dir}") + install( + FILES "${project_config}" "${version_config}" + DESTINATION "${config_install_dir}") -install( - EXPORT "${targets_export_name}" - NAMESPACE "${namespace}" - DESTINATION "${config_install_dir}") + install( + FILES "${pkg_config}" + DESTINATION "${pkgconfig_install_dir}") + + install( + EXPORT "${targets_export_name}" + NAMESPACE "${namespace}" + DESTINATION "${config_install_dir}") +endif() diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/benchmark.cc b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/benchmark.cc index 1ba0a50..82b15ac 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/benchmark.cc +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/benchmark.cc @@ -17,7 +17,9 @@ #include "internal_macros.h" #ifndef BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS +#ifndef BENCHMARK_OS_FUCHSIA #include +#endif #include #include #endif @@ -27,10 +29,10 @@ #include #include #include -#include #include #include #include +#include #include #include "check.h" @@ -38,13 +40,14 @@ #include "commandlineflags.h" #include "complexity.h" #include "counter.h" +#include "internal_macros.h" #include "log.h" #include "mutex.h" #include "re.h" -#include "stat.h" +#include "statistics.h" #include "string_util.h" -#include "sysinfo.h" -#include "timers.h" +#include "thread_manager.h" +#include "thread_timer.h" DEFINE_bool(benchmark_list_tests, false, "Print a list of benchmarks. This option overrides all other " @@ -82,7 +85,7 @@ DEFINE_string(benchmark_out_format, "json", "The format to use for file output. Valid values are " "'console', 'json', or 'csv'."); -DEFINE_string(benchmark_out, "", "The file to write additonal output to"); +DEFINE_string(benchmark_out, "", "The file to write additional output to"); DEFINE_string(benchmark_color, "auto", "Whether to use colors in the output. Valid values: " @@ -99,130 +102,20 @@ DEFINE_bool(benchmark_counters_tabular, false, DEFINE_int32(v, 0, "The level of verbose logging to output"); namespace benchmark { -namespace internal { - -void UseCharPointer(char const volatile*) {} - -} // end namespace internal namespace { - static const size_t kMaxIterations = 1000000000; - } // end namespace namespace internal { -class ThreadManager { - public: - ThreadManager(int num_threads) - : alive_threads_(num_threads), start_stop_barrier_(num_threads) {} - - Mutex& GetBenchmarkMutex() const RETURN_CAPABILITY(benchmark_mutex_) { - return benchmark_mutex_; - } - - bool StartStopBarrier() EXCLUDES(end_cond_mutex_) { - return start_stop_barrier_.wait(); - } - - void NotifyThreadComplete() EXCLUDES(end_cond_mutex_) { - start_stop_barrier_.removeThread(); - if (--alive_threads_ == 0) { - MutexLock lock(end_cond_mutex_); - end_condition_.notify_all(); - } - } - - void WaitForAllThreads() EXCLUDES(end_cond_mutex_) { - MutexLock lock(end_cond_mutex_); - end_condition_.wait(lock.native_handle(), - [this]() { return alive_threads_ == 0; }); - } - - public: - struct Result { - double real_time_used = 0; - double cpu_time_used = 0; - double manual_time_used = 0; - int64_t bytes_processed = 0; - int64_t items_processed = 0; - int complexity_n = 0; - std::string report_label_; - std::string error_message_; - bool has_error_ = false; - UserCounters counters; - }; - GUARDED_BY(GetBenchmarkMutex()) Result results; - - private: - mutable Mutex benchmark_mutex_; - std::atomic alive_threads_; - Barrier start_stop_barrier_; - Mutex end_cond_mutex_; - Condition end_condition_; -}; - -// Timer management class -class ThreadTimer { - public: - ThreadTimer() = default; - - // Called by each thread - void StartTimer() { - running_ = true; - start_real_time_ = ChronoClockNow(); - start_cpu_time_ = ThreadCPUUsage(); - } - - // Called by each thread - void StopTimer() { - CHECK(running_); - running_ = false; - real_time_used_ += ChronoClockNow() - start_real_time_; - cpu_time_used_ += ThreadCPUUsage() - start_cpu_time_; - } - - // Called by each thread - void SetIterationTime(double seconds) { manual_time_used_ += seconds; } - - bool running() const { return running_; } - - // REQUIRES: timer is not running - double real_time_used() { - CHECK(!running_); - return real_time_used_; - } - - // REQUIRES: timer is not running - double cpu_time_used() { - CHECK(!running_); - return cpu_time_used_; - } - - // REQUIRES: timer is not running - double manual_time_used() { - CHECK(!running_); - return manual_time_used_; - } - - private: - bool running_ = false; // Is the timer running - double start_real_time_ = 0; // If running_ - double start_cpu_time_ = 0; // If running_ - - // Accumulated time so far (does not contain current slice if running_) - double real_time_used_ = 0; - double cpu_time_used_ = 0; - // Manually set iteration time. User sets this with SetIterationTime(seconds). - double manual_time_used_ = 0; -}; +void UseCharPointer(char const volatile*) {} namespace { BenchmarkReporter::Run CreateRunReport( const benchmark::internal::Benchmark::Instance& b, - const internal::ThreadManager::Result& results, size_t iters, + const internal::ThreadManager::Result& results, double seconds) { // Create report about this benchmark run. BenchmarkReporter::Run report; @@ -231,8 +124,8 @@ BenchmarkReporter::Run CreateRunReport( report.error_occurred = results.has_error_; report.error_message = results.error_message_; report.report_label = results.report_label_; - // Report the total iterations across all threads. - report.iterations = static_cast(iters) * b.threads; + // This is the total iterations across all threads. + report.iterations = results.iterations; report.time_unit = b.time_unit; if (!report.error_occurred) { @@ -256,6 +149,7 @@ BenchmarkReporter::Run CreateRunReport( report.complexity_n = results.complexity_n; report.complexity = b.complexity; report.complexity_lambda = b.complexity_lambda; + report.statistics = b.statistics; report.counters = results.counters; internal::Finish(&report.counters, seconds, b.threads); } @@ -270,11 +164,12 @@ void RunInThread(const benchmark::internal::Benchmark::Instance* b, internal::ThreadTimer timer; State st(iters, b->arg, thread_id, b->threads, &timer, manager); b->benchmark->Run(st); - CHECK(st.iterations() == st.max_iterations) + CHECK(st.iterations() >= st.max_iterations) << "Benchmark returned before State::KeepRunning() returned false!"; { MutexLock l(manager->GetBenchmarkMutex()); internal::ThreadManager::Result& results = manager->results; + results.iterations += st.iterations(); results.cpu_time_used += timer.cpu_time_used(); results.real_time_used += timer.real_time_used(); results.manual_time_used += timer.manual_time_used(); @@ -342,18 +237,17 @@ std::vector RunBenchmark( // Determine if this run should be reported; Either it has // run for a sufficient amount of time or because an error was reported. const bool should_report = repetition_num > 0 - || has_explicit_iteration_count // An exact iteration count was requested + || has_explicit_iteration_count // An exact iteration count was requested || results.has_error_ - || iters >= kMaxIterations - || seconds >= min_time // the elapsed time is large enough + || iters >= kMaxIterations // No chance to try again, we hit the limit. + || seconds >= min_time // the elapsed time is large enough // CPU time is specified but the elapsed real time greatly exceeds the // minimum time. Note that user provided timers are except from this // sanity check. || ((results.real_time_used >= 5 * min_time) && !b.use_manual_time); if (should_report) { - BenchmarkReporter::Run report = - CreateRunReport(b, results, iters, seconds); + BenchmarkReporter::Run report = CreateRunReport(b, results, seconds); if (!report.error_occurred && b.complexity != oNone) complexity_reports->push_back(report); reports.push_back(report); @@ -396,25 +290,44 @@ std::vector RunBenchmark( } // namespace } // namespace internal -State::State(size_t max_iters, const std::vector& ranges, int thread_i, +State::State(size_t max_iters, const std::vector& ranges, int thread_i, int n_threads, internal::ThreadTimer* timer, internal::ThreadManager* manager) - : started_(false), + : total_iterations_(0), + batch_leftover_(0), + max_iterations(max_iters), + started_(false), finished_(false), - total_iterations_(0), + error_occurred_(false), range_(ranges), bytes_processed_(0), items_processed_(0), complexity_n_(0), - error_occurred_(false), counters(), thread_index(thread_i), threads(n_threads), - max_iterations(max_iters), timer_(timer), manager_(manager) { CHECK(max_iterations != 0) << "At least one iteration must be run"; CHECK_LT(thread_index, threads) << "thread_index must be less than threads"; + + // Note: The use of offsetof below is technically undefined until C++17 + // because State is not a standard layout type. However, all compilers + // currently provide well-defined behavior as an extension (which is + // demonstrated since constexpr evaluation must diagnose all undefined + // behavior). However, GCC and Clang also warn about this use of offsetof, + // which must be suppressed. +#ifdef __GNUC__ +#pragma GCC diagnostic push +#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Winvalid-offsetof" +#endif + // Offset tests to ensure commonly accessed data is on the first cache line. + const int cache_line_size = 64; + static_assert(offsetof(State, error_occurred_) <= + (cache_line_size - sizeof(error_occurred_)), ""); +#ifdef __GNUC__ +#pragma GCC diagnostic pop +#endif } void State::PauseTiming() { @@ -438,7 +351,7 @@ void State::SkipWithError(const char* msg) { manager_->results.has_error_ = true; } } - total_iterations_ = max_iterations; + total_iterations_ = 0; if (timer_->running()) timer_->StopTimer(); } @@ -454,6 +367,7 @@ void State::SetLabel(const char* label) { void State::StartKeepRunning() { CHECK(!started_ && !finished_); started_ = true; + total_iterations_ = error_occurred_ ? 0 : max_iterations; manager_->StartStopBarrier(); if (!error_occurred_) ResumeTiming(); } @@ -463,8 +377,8 @@ void State::FinishKeepRunning() { if (!error_occurred_) { PauseTiming(); } - // Total iterations now is one greater than max iterations. Fix this. - total_iterations_ = max_iterations; + // Total iterations has now wrapped around past 0. Fix this. + total_iterations_ = 0; finished_ = true; manager_->StartStopBarrier(); } @@ -481,22 +395,22 @@ void RunBenchmarks(const std::vector& benchmarks, // Determine the width of the name field using a minimum width of 10. bool has_repetitions = FLAGS_benchmark_repetitions > 1; size_t name_field_width = 10; + size_t stat_field_width = 0; for (const Benchmark::Instance& benchmark : benchmarks) { name_field_width = std::max(name_field_width, benchmark.name.size()); has_repetitions |= benchmark.repetitions > 1; + + for(const auto& Stat : *benchmark.statistics) + stat_field_width = std::max(stat_field_width, Stat.name_.size()); } - if (has_repetitions) name_field_width += std::strlen("_stddev"); + if (has_repetitions) name_field_width += 1 + stat_field_width; // Print header here BenchmarkReporter::Context context; - context.num_cpus = NumCPUs(); - context.mhz_per_cpu = CyclesPerSecond() / 1000000.0f; - - context.cpu_scaling_enabled = CpuScalingEnabled(); context.name_field_width = name_field_width; - // Keep track of runing times of all instances of current benchmark + // Keep track of running times of all instances of current benchmark std::vector complexity_reports; // We flush streams after invoking reporter methods that write to them. This @@ -654,6 +568,7 @@ void PrintUsageAndExit() { void ParseCommandLineFlags(int* argc, char** argv) { using namespace benchmark; + BenchmarkReporter::Context::executable_name = argv[0]; for (int i = 1; i < *argc; ++i) { if (ParseBoolFlag(argv[i], "benchmark_list_tests", &FLAGS_benchmark_list_tests) || diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/benchmark_api_internal.h b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/benchmark_api_internal.h index 36d2340..dd7a3ff 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/benchmark_api_internal.h +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/benchmark_api_internal.h @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ struct Benchmark::Instance { std::string name; Benchmark* benchmark; ReportMode report_mode; - std::vector arg; + std::vector arg; TimeUnit time_unit; int range_multiplier; bool use_real_time; @@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ struct Benchmark::Instance { BigO complexity; BigOFunc* complexity_lambda; UserCounters counters; + const std::vector* statistics; bool last_benchmark_instance; int repetitions; double min_time; diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/include/benchmark/reporter.h b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/benchmark_main.cc similarity index 51% rename from vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/include/benchmark/reporter.h rename to vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/benchmark_main.cc index 5baca1a..b3b2478 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/include/benchmark/reporter.h +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/benchmark_main.cc @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -// Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All rights reserved. +// Copyright 2018 Google Inc. All rights reserved. // // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. @@ -11,17 +11,7 @@ // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and // limitations under the License. -#ifndef BENCHMARK_REPORTER_H_ -#define BENCHMARK_REPORTER_H_ -#ifdef __DEPRECATED -# ifndef BENCHMARK_WARNING_MSG -# warning the reporter.h header has been deprecated and will be removed, please include benchmark.h instead -# else - BENCHMARK_WARNING_MSG("the reporter.h header has been deprecated and will be removed, please include benchmark.h instead") -# endif -#endif +#include "benchmark/benchmark.h" -#include "benchmark.h" // For forward declaration of BenchmarkReporter - -#endif // BENCHMARK_REPORTER_H_ +BENCHMARK_MAIN(); diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/benchmark_register.cc b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/benchmark_register.cc index ed70d82..dc6f935 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/benchmark_register.cc +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/benchmark_register.cc @@ -12,12 +12,12 @@ // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and // limitations under the License. -#include "benchmark/benchmark.h" -#include "benchmark_api_internal.h" -#include "internal_macros.h" +#include "benchmark_register.h" #ifndef BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS +#ifndef BENCHMARK_OS_FUCHSIA #include +#endif #include #include #endif @@ -34,15 +34,17 @@ #include #include +#include "benchmark/benchmark.h" +#include "benchmark_api_internal.h" #include "check.h" #include "commandlineflags.h" #include "complexity.h" +#include "internal_macros.h" #include "log.h" #include "mutex.h" #include "re.h" -#include "stat.h" +#include "statistics.h" #include "string_util.h" -#include "sysinfo.h" #include "timers.h" namespace benchmark { @@ -75,7 +77,7 @@ class BenchmarkFamilies { // Extract the list of benchmark instances that match the specified // regular expression. - bool FindBenchmarks(const std::string& re, + bool FindBenchmarks(std::string re, std::vector* benchmarks, std::ostream* Err); @@ -105,13 +107,18 @@ void BenchmarkFamilies::ClearBenchmarks() { } bool BenchmarkFamilies::FindBenchmarks( - const std::string& spec, std::vector* benchmarks, + std::string spec, std::vector* benchmarks, std::ostream* ErrStream) { CHECK(ErrStream); auto& Err = *ErrStream; // Make regular expression out of command-line flag std::string error_msg; Regex re; + bool isNegativeFilter = false; + if(spec[0] == '-') { + spec.replace(0, 1, ""); + isNegativeFilter = true; + } if (!re.Init(spec, &error_msg)) { Err << "Could not compile benchmark re: " << error_msg << std::endl; return false; @@ -159,6 +166,7 @@ bool BenchmarkFamilies::FindBenchmarks( instance.use_manual_time = family->use_manual_time_; instance.complexity = family->complexity_; instance.complexity_lambda = family->complexity_lambda_; + instance.statistics = &family->statistics_; instance.threads = num_threads; // Add arguments to instance name @@ -170,20 +178,20 @@ bool BenchmarkFamilies::FindBenchmarks( const auto& arg_name = family->arg_names_[arg_i]; if (!arg_name.empty()) { instance.name += - StringPrintF("%s:", family->arg_names_[arg_i].c_str()); + StrFormat("%s:", family->arg_names_[arg_i].c_str()); } } - - instance.name += StringPrintF("%d", arg); + + instance.name += StrFormat("%d", arg); ++arg_i; } if (!IsZero(family->min_time_)) - instance.name += StringPrintF("/min_time:%0.3f", family->min_time_); + instance.name += StrFormat("/min_time:%0.3f", family->min_time_); if (family->iterations_ != 0) - instance.name += StringPrintF("/iterations:%d", family->iterations_); + instance.name += StrFormat("/iterations:%d", family->iterations_); if (family->repetitions_ != 0) - instance.name += StringPrintF("/repeats:%d", family->repetitions_); + instance.name += StrFormat("/repeats:%d", family->repetitions_); if (family->use_manual_time_) { instance.name += "/manual_time"; @@ -193,10 +201,11 @@ bool BenchmarkFamilies::FindBenchmarks( // Add the number of threads used to the name if (!family->thread_counts_.empty()) { - instance.name += StringPrintF("/threads:%d", instance.threads); + instance.name += StrFormat("/threads:%d", instance.threads); } - if (re.Match(instance.name)) { + if ((re.Match(instance.name) && !isNegativeFilter) || + (!re.Match(instance.name) && isNegativeFilter)) { instance.last_benchmark_instance = (&args == &family->args_.back()); benchmarks->push_back(std::move(instance)); } @@ -236,34 +245,15 @@ Benchmark::Benchmark(const char* name) use_real_time_(false), use_manual_time_(false), complexity_(oNone), - complexity_lambda_(nullptr) {} + complexity_lambda_(nullptr) { + ComputeStatistics("mean", StatisticsMean); + ComputeStatistics("median", StatisticsMedian); + ComputeStatistics("stddev", StatisticsStdDev); +} Benchmark::~Benchmark() {} -void Benchmark::AddRange(std::vector* dst, int lo, int hi, int mult) { - CHECK_GE(lo, 0); - CHECK_GE(hi, lo); - CHECK_GE(mult, 2); - - // Add "lo" - dst->push_back(lo); - - static const int kint32max = std::numeric_limits::max(); - - // Now space out the benchmarks in multiples of "mult" - for (int32_t i = 1; i < kint32max / mult; i *= mult) { - if (i >= hi) break; - if (i > lo) { - dst->push_back(i); - } - } - // Add "hi" (if different from "lo") - if (hi != lo) { - dst->push_back(hi); - } -} - -Benchmark* Benchmark::Arg(int x) { +Benchmark* Benchmark::Arg(int64_t x) { CHECK(ArgsCnt() == -1 || ArgsCnt() == 1); args_.push_back({x}); return this; @@ -274,20 +264,21 @@ Benchmark* Benchmark::Unit(TimeUnit unit) { return this; } -Benchmark* Benchmark::Range(int start, int limit) { +Benchmark* Benchmark::Range(int64_t start, int64_t limit) { CHECK(ArgsCnt() == -1 || ArgsCnt() == 1); - std::vector arglist; + std::vector arglist; AddRange(&arglist, start, limit, range_multiplier_); - for (int i : arglist) { + for (int64_t i : arglist) { args_.push_back({i}); } return this; } -Benchmark* Benchmark::Ranges(const std::vector>& ranges) { +Benchmark* Benchmark::Ranges( + const std::vector>& ranges) { CHECK(ArgsCnt() == -1 || ArgsCnt() == static_cast(ranges.size())); - std::vector> arglists(ranges.size()); + std::vector> arglists(ranges.size()); std::size_t total = 1; for (std::size_t i = 0; i < ranges.size(); i++) { AddRange(&arglists[i], ranges[i].first, ranges[i].second, @@ -298,7 +289,7 @@ Benchmark* Benchmark::Ranges(const std::vector>& ranges) { std::vector ctr(arglists.size(), 0); for (std::size_t i = 0; i < total; i++) { - std::vector tmp; + std::vector tmp; tmp.reserve(arglists.size()); for (std::size_t j = 0; j < arglists.size(); j++) { @@ -330,17 +321,17 @@ Benchmark* Benchmark::ArgNames(const std::vector& names) { return this; } -Benchmark* Benchmark::DenseRange(int start, int limit, int step) { +Benchmark* Benchmark::DenseRange(int64_t start, int64_t limit, int step) { CHECK(ArgsCnt() == -1 || ArgsCnt() == 1); CHECK_GE(start, 0); CHECK_LE(start, limit); - for (int arg = start; arg <= limit; arg += step) { + for (int64_t arg = start; arg <= limit; arg += step) { args_.push_back({arg}); } return this; } -Benchmark* Benchmark::Args(const std::vector& args) { +Benchmark* Benchmark::Args(const std::vector& args) { CHECK(ArgsCnt() == -1 || ArgsCnt() == static_cast(args.size())); args_.push_back(args); return this; @@ -357,7 +348,6 @@ Benchmark* Benchmark::RangeMultiplier(int multiplier) { return this; } - Benchmark* Benchmark::MinTime(double t) { CHECK(t > 0.0); CHECK(iterations_ == 0); @@ -365,7 +355,6 @@ Benchmark* Benchmark::MinTime(double t) { return this; } - Benchmark* Benchmark::Iterations(size_t n) { CHECK(n > 0); CHECK(IsZero(min_time_)); @@ -409,6 +398,12 @@ Benchmark* Benchmark::Complexity(BigOFunc* complexity) { return this; } +Benchmark* Benchmark::ComputeStatistics(std::string name, + StatisticsFunc* statistics) { + statistics_.emplace_back(name, statistics); + return this; +} + Benchmark* Benchmark::Threads(int t) { CHECK_GT(t, 0); thread_counts_.push_back(t); @@ -437,8 +432,7 @@ Benchmark* Benchmark::DenseThreadRange(int min_threads, int max_threads, } Benchmark* Benchmark::ThreadPerCpu() { - static int num_cpus = NumCPUs(); - thread_counts_.push_back(num_cpus); + thread_counts_.push_back(CPUInfo::Get().num_cpus); return this; } diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/benchmark_register.h b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/benchmark_register.h new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0705e21 --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/benchmark_register.h @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +#ifndef BENCHMARK_REGISTER_H +#define BENCHMARK_REGISTER_H + +#include + +#include "check.h" + +template +void AddRange(std::vector* dst, T lo, T hi, int mult) { + CHECK_GE(lo, 0); + CHECK_GE(hi, lo); + CHECK_GE(mult, 2); + + // Add "lo" + dst->push_back(lo); + + static const T kmax = std::numeric_limits::max(); + + // Now space out the benchmarks in multiples of "mult" + for (T i = 1; i < kmax / mult; i *= mult) { + if (i >= hi) break; + if (i > lo) { + dst->push_back(i); + } + } + + // Add "hi" (if different from "lo") + if (hi != lo) { + dst->push_back(hi); + } +} + +#endif // BENCHMARK_REGISTER_H diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/complexity.cc b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/complexity.cc index 33975be..97bf6e0 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/complexity.cc +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/complexity.cc @@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ #include #include "check.h" #include "complexity.h" -#include "stat.h" namespace benchmark { @@ -29,18 +28,18 @@ namespace benchmark { BigOFunc* FittingCurve(BigO complexity) { switch (complexity) { case oN: - return [](int n) -> double { return n; }; + return [](int64_t n) -> double { return static_cast(n); }; case oNSquared: - return [](int n) -> double { return std::pow(n, 2); }; + return [](int64_t n) -> double { return std::pow(n, 2); }; case oNCubed: - return [](int n) -> double { return std::pow(n, 3); }; + return [](int64_t n) -> double { return std::pow(n, 3); }; case oLogN: - return [](int n) { return log2(n); }; + return [](int64_t n) { return log2(n); }; case oNLogN: - return [](int n) { return n * log2(n); }; + return [](int64_t n) { return n * log2(n); }; case o1: default: - return [](int) { return 1.0; }; + return [](int64_t) { return 1.0; }; } } @@ -66,15 +65,15 @@ std::string GetBigOString(BigO complexity) { // Find the coefficient for the high-order term in the running time, by // minimizing the sum of squares of relative error, for the fitting curve -// given by the lambda expresion. +// given by the lambda expression. // - n : Vector containing the size of the benchmark tests. // - time : Vector containing the times for the benchmark tests. -// - fitting_curve : lambda expresion (e.g. [](int n) {return n; };). +// - fitting_curve : lambda expression (e.g. [](int64_t n) {return n; };). // For a deeper explanation on the algorithm logic, look the README file at // http://github.com/ismaelJimenez/Minimal-Cpp-Least-Squared-Fit -LeastSq MinimalLeastSq(const std::vector& n, +LeastSq MinimalLeastSq(const std::vector& n, const std::vector& time, BigOFunc* fitting_curve) { double sigma_gn = 0.0; @@ -118,7 +117,7 @@ LeastSq MinimalLeastSq(const std::vector& n, // - complexity : If different than oAuto, the fitting curve will stick to // this one. If it is oAuto, it will be calculated the best // fitting curve. -LeastSq MinimalLeastSq(const std::vector& n, +LeastSq MinimalLeastSq(const std::vector& n, const std::vector& time, const BigO complexity) { CHECK_EQ(n.size(), time.size()); CHECK_GE(n.size(), 2); // Do not compute fitting curve is less than two @@ -150,109 +149,6 @@ LeastSq MinimalLeastSq(const std::vector& n, return best_fit; } -std::vector ComputeStats( - const std::vector& reports) { - typedef BenchmarkReporter::Run Run; - std::vector results; - - auto error_count = - std::count_if(reports.begin(), reports.end(), - [](Run const& run) { return run.error_occurred; }); - - if (reports.size() - error_count < 2) { - // We don't report aggregated data if there was a single run. - return results; - } - // Accumulators. - Stat1_d real_accumulated_time_stat; - Stat1_d cpu_accumulated_time_stat; - Stat1_d bytes_per_second_stat; - Stat1_d items_per_second_stat; - // All repetitions should be run with the same number of iterations so we - // can take this information from the first benchmark. - int64_t const run_iterations = reports.front().iterations; - // create stats for user counters - struct CounterStat { - Counter c; - Stat1_d s; - }; - std::map< std::string, CounterStat > counter_stats; - for(Run const& r : reports) { - for(auto const& cnt : r.counters) { - auto it = counter_stats.find(cnt.first); - if(it == counter_stats.end()) { - counter_stats.insert({cnt.first, {cnt.second, Stat1_d{}}}); - } else { - CHECK_EQ(counter_stats[cnt.first].c.flags, cnt.second.flags); - } - } - } - - // Populate the accumulators. - for (Run const& run : reports) { - CHECK_EQ(reports[0].benchmark_name, run.benchmark_name); - CHECK_EQ(run_iterations, run.iterations); - if (run.error_occurred) continue; - real_accumulated_time_stat += - Stat1_d(run.real_accumulated_time / run.iterations); - cpu_accumulated_time_stat += - Stat1_d(run.cpu_accumulated_time / run.iterations); - items_per_second_stat += Stat1_d(run.items_per_second); - bytes_per_second_stat += Stat1_d(run.bytes_per_second); - // user counters - for(auto const& cnt : run.counters) { - auto it = counter_stats.find(cnt.first); - CHECK_NE(it, counter_stats.end()); - it->second.s += Stat1_d(cnt.second); - } - } - - // Get the data from the accumulator to BenchmarkReporter::Run's. - Run mean_data; - mean_data.benchmark_name = reports[0].benchmark_name + "_mean"; - mean_data.iterations = run_iterations; - mean_data.real_accumulated_time = - real_accumulated_time_stat.Mean() * run_iterations; - mean_data.cpu_accumulated_time = - cpu_accumulated_time_stat.Mean() * run_iterations; - mean_data.bytes_per_second = bytes_per_second_stat.Mean(); - mean_data.items_per_second = items_per_second_stat.Mean(); - mean_data.time_unit = reports[0].time_unit; - // user counters - for(auto const& kv : counter_stats) { - auto c = Counter(kv.second.s.Mean(), counter_stats[kv.first].c.flags); - mean_data.counters[kv.first] = c; - } - - // Only add label to mean/stddev if it is same for all runs - mean_data.report_label = reports[0].report_label; - for (std::size_t i = 1; i < reports.size(); i++) { - if (reports[i].report_label != reports[0].report_label) { - mean_data.report_label = ""; - break; - } - } - - Run stddev_data; - stddev_data.benchmark_name = reports[0].benchmark_name + "_stddev"; - stddev_data.report_label = mean_data.report_label; - stddev_data.iterations = 0; - stddev_data.real_accumulated_time = real_accumulated_time_stat.StdDev(); - stddev_data.cpu_accumulated_time = cpu_accumulated_time_stat.StdDev(); - stddev_data.bytes_per_second = bytes_per_second_stat.StdDev(); - stddev_data.items_per_second = items_per_second_stat.StdDev(); - stddev_data.time_unit = reports[0].time_unit; - // user counters - for(auto const& kv : counter_stats) { - auto c = Counter(kv.second.s.StdDev(), counter_stats[kv.first].c.flags); - stddev_data.counters[kv.first] = c; - } - - results.push_back(mean_data); - results.push_back(stddev_data); - return results; -} - std::vector ComputeBigO( const std::vector& reports) { typedef BenchmarkReporter::Run Run; @@ -261,7 +157,7 @@ std::vector ComputeBigO( if (reports.size() < 2) return results; // Accumulators. - std::vector n; + std::vector n; std::vector real_time; std::vector cpu_time; diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/complexity.h b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/complexity.h index c0ca60e..df29b48 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/complexity.h +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/complexity.h @@ -25,12 +25,6 @@ namespace benchmark { -// Return a vector containing the mean and standard devation information for -// the specified list of reports. If 'reports' contains less than two -// non-errored runs an empty vector is returned -std::vector ComputeStats( - const std::vector& reports); - // Return a vector containing the bigO and RMS information for the specified // list of reports. If 'reports.size() < 2' an empty vector is returned. std::vector ComputeBigO( @@ -57,4 +51,5 @@ struct LeastSq { std::string GetBigOString(BigO complexity); } // end namespace benchmark + #endif // COMPLEXITY_H_ diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/console_reporter.cc b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/console_reporter.cc index 4bb6f71..48920ca 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/console_reporter.cc +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/console_reporter.cc @@ -148,12 +148,14 @@ void ConsoleReporter::PrintRunData(const Run& result) { } for (auto& c : result.counters) { - auto const& s = HumanReadableNumber(c.second.value); + const std::size_t cNameLen = std::max(std::string::size_type(10), + c.first.length()); + auto const& s = HumanReadableNumber(c.second.value, 1000); if (output_options_ & OO_Tabular) { if (c.second.flags & Counter::kIsRate) { - printer(Out, COLOR_DEFAULT, " %8s/s", s.c_str()); + printer(Out, COLOR_DEFAULT, " %*s/s", cNameLen - 2, s.c_str()); } else { - printer(Out, COLOR_DEFAULT, " %10s", s.c_str()); + printer(Out, COLOR_DEFAULT, " %*s", cNameLen, s.c_str()); } } else { const char* unit = (c.second.flags & Counter::kIsRate) ? "/s" : ""; diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/cycleclock.h b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/cycleclock.h index 4251fe4..3b376ac 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/cycleclock.h +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/cycleclock.h @@ -159,6 +159,11 @@ inline BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE int64_t Now() { struct timeval tv; gettimeofday(&tv, nullptr); return static_cast(tv.tv_sec) * 1000000 + tv.tv_usec; +#elif defined(__s390__) // Covers both s390 and s390x. + // Return the CPU clock. + uint64_t tsc; + asm("stck %0" : "=Q" (tsc) : : "cc"); + return tsc; #else // The soft failover to a generic implementation is automatic only for ARM. // For other platforms the developer is expected to make an attempt to create diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/internal_macros.h b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/internal_macros.h index 9428874..edb8a5c 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/internal_macros.h +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/internal_macros.h @@ -6,31 +6,41 @@ #ifndef __has_feature #define __has_feature(x) 0 #endif +#ifndef __has_builtin +#define __has_builtin(x) 0 +#endif #if defined(__clang__) -#define COMPILER_CLANG + #if !defined(COMPILER_CLANG) + #define COMPILER_CLANG + #endif #elif defined(_MSC_VER) -#define COMPILER_MSVC + #if !defined(COMPILER_MSVC) + #define COMPILER_MSVC + #endif #elif defined(__GNUC__) -#define COMPILER_GCC + #if !defined(COMPILER_GCC) + #define COMPILER_GCC + #endif #endif #if __has_feature(cxx_attributes) -#define BENCHMARK_NORETURN [[noreturn]] + #define BENCHMARK_NORETURN [[noreturn]] #elif defined(__GNUC__) -#define BENCHMARK_NORETURN __attribute__((noreturn)) + #define BENCHMARK_NORETURN __attribute__((noreturn)) #elif defined(COMPILER_MSVC) -#define BENCHMARK_NORETURN __declspec(noreturn) + #define BENCHMARK_NORETURN __declspec(noreturn) #else -#define BENCHMARK_NORETURN + #define BENCHMARK_NORETURN #endif #if defined(__CYGWIN__) -#define BENCHMARK_OS_CYGWIN 1 + #define BENCHMARK_OS_CYGWIN 1 #elif defined(_WIN32) -#define BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS 1 + #define BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS 1 #elif defined(__APPLE__) -#include "TargetConditionals.h" + #define BENCHMARK_OS_APPLE 1 + #include "TargetConditionals.h" #if defined(TARGET_OS_MAC) #define BENCHMARK_OS_MACOSX 1 #if defined(TARGET_OS_IPHONE) @@ -38,20 +48,42 @@ #endif #endif #elif defined(__FreeBSD__) -#define BENCHMARK_OS_FREEBSD 1 + #define BENCHMARK_OS_FREEBSD 1 +#elif defined(__NetBSD__) + #define BENCHMARK_OS_NETBSD 1 +#elif defined(__OpenBSD__) + #define BENCHMARK_OS_OPENBSD 1 #elif defined(__linux__) -#define BENCHMARK_OS_LINUX 1 + #define BENCHMARK_OS_LINUX 1 #elif defined(__native_client__) -#define BENCHMARK_OS_NACL 1 -#elif defined(EMSCRIPTEN) -#define BENCHMARK_OS_EMSCRIPTEN 1 + #define BENCHMARK_OS_NACL 1 +#elif defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__) + #define BENCHMARK_OS_EMSCRIPTEN 1 #elif defined(__rtems__) -#define BENCHMARK_OS_RTEMS 1 + #define BENCHMARK_OS_RTEMS 1 +#elif defined(__Fuchsia__) +#define BENCHMARK_OS_FUCHSIA 1 +#elif defined (__SVR4) && defined (__sun) +#define BENCHMARK_OS_SOLARIS 1 #endif #if !__has_feature(cxx_exceptions) && !defined(__cpp_exceptions) \ && !defined(__EXCEPTIONS) -#define BENCHMARK_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS + #define BENCHMARK_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS +#endif + +#if defined(COMPILER_CLANG) || defined(COMPILER_GCC) + #define BENCHMARK_MAYBE_UNUSED __attribute__((unused)) +#else + #define BENCHMARK_MAYBE_UNUSED +#endif + +#if defined(COMPILER_GCC) || __has_builtin(__builtin_unreachable) + #define BENCHMARK_UNREACHABLE() __builtin_unreachable() +#elif defined(COMPILER_MSVC) + #define BENCHMARK_UNREACHABLE() __assume(false) +#else + #define BENCHMARK_UNREACHABLE() ((void)0) #endif #endif // BENCHMARK_INTERNAL_MACROS_H_ diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/json_reporter.cc b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/json_reporter.cc index edf6ecc..685d6b0 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/json_reporter.cc +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/json_reporter.cc @@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ #include #include #include +#include // for setprecision +#include #include "string_util.h" #include "timers.h" @@ -30,15 +32,15 @@ namespace benchmark { namespace { std::string FormatKV(std::string const& key, std::string const& value) { - return StringPrintF("\"%s\": \"%s\"", key.c_str(), value.c_str()); + return StrFormat("\"%s\": \"%s\"", key.c_str(), value.c_str()); } std::string FormatKV(std::string const& key, const char* value) { - return StringPrintF("\"%s\": \"%s\"", key.c_str(), value); + return StrFormat("\"%s\": \"%s\"", key.c_str(), value); } std::string FormatKV(std::string const& key, bool value) { - return StringPrintF("\"%s\": %s", key.c_str(), value ? "true" : "false"); + return StrFormat("\"%s\": %s", key.c_str(), value ? "true" : "false"); } std::string FormatKV(std::string const& key, int64_t value) { @@ -48,7 +50,14 @@ std::string FormatKV(std::string const& key, int64_t value) { } std::string FormatKV(std::string const& key, double value) { - return StringPrintF("\"%s\": %.2f", key.c_str(), value); + std::stringstream ss; + ss << '"' << key << "\": "; + + const auto max_digits10 = std::numeric_limits::max_digits10; + const auto max_fractional_digits10 = max_digits10 - 1; + + ss << std::scientific << std::setprecision(max_fractional_digits10) << value; + return ss.str(); } int64_t RoundDouble(double v) { return static_cast(v + 0.5); } @@ -68,13 +77,41 @@ bool JSONReporter::ReportContext(const Context& context) { std::string walltime_value = LocalDateTimeString(); out << indent << FormatKV("date", walltime_value) << ",\n"; - out << indent << FormatKV("num_cpus", static_cast(context.num_cpus)) + if (Context::executable_name) { + out << indent << FormatKV("executable", Context::executable_name) << ",\n"; + } + + CPUInfo const& info = context.cpu_info; + out << indent << FormatKV("num_cpus", static_cast(info.num_cpus)) << ",\n"; - out << indent << FormatKV("mhz_per_cpu", RoundDouble(context.mhz_per_cpu)) + out << indent + << FormatKV("mhz_per_cpu", + RoundDouble(info.cycles_per_second / 1000000.0)) << ",\n"; - out << indent << FormatKV("cpu_scaling_enabled", context.cpu_scaling_enabled) + out << indent << FormatKV("cpu_scaling_enabled", info.scaling_enabled) << ",\n"; + out << indent << "\"caches\": [\n"; + indent = std::string(6, ' '); + std::string cache_indent(8, ' '); + for (size_t i = 0; i < info.caches.size(); ++i) { + auto& CI = info.caches[i]; + out << indent << "{\n"; + out << cache_indent << FormatKV("type", CI.type) << ",\n"; + out << cache_indent << FormatKV("level", static_cast(CI.level)) + << ",\n"; + out << cache_indent + << FormatKV("size", static_cast(CI.size) * 1000u) << ",\n"; + out << cache_indent + << FormatKV("num_sharing", static_cast(CI.num_sharing)) + << "\n"; + out << indent << "}"; + if (i != info.caches.size() - 1) out << ","; + out << "\n"; + } + indent = std::string(4, ' '); + out << indent << "],\n"; + #if defined(NDEBUG) const char build_type[] = "release"; #else @@ -125,18 +162,18 @@ void JSONReporter::PrintRunData(Run const& run) { if (!run.report_big_o && !run.report_rms) { out << indent << FormatKV("iterations", run.iterations) << ",\n"; out << indent - << FormatKV("real_time", RoundDouble(run.GetAdjustedRealTime())) + << FormatKV("real_time", run.GetAdjustedRealTime()) << ",\n"; out << indent - << FormatKV("cpu_time", RoundDouble(run.GetAdjustedCPUTime())); + << FormatKV("cpu_time", run.GetAdjustedCPUTime()); out << ",\n" << indent << FormatKV("time_unit", GetTimeUnitString(run.time_unit)); } else if (run.report_big_o) { out << indent - << FormatKV("cpu_coefficient", RoundDouble(run.GetAdjustedCPUTime())) + << FormatKV("cpu_coefficient", run.GetAdjustedCPUTime()) << ",\n"; out << indent - << FormatKV("real_coefficient", RoundDouble(run.GetAdjustedRealTime())) + << FormatKV("real_coefficient", run.GetAdjustedRealTime()) << ",\n"; out << indent << FormatKV("big_o", GetBigOString(run.complexity)) << ",\n"; out << indent << FormatKV("time_unit", GetTimeUnitString(run.time_unit)); @@ -147,17 +184,17 @@ void JSONReporter::PrintRunData(Run const& run) { if (run.bytes_per_second > 0.0) { out << ",\n" << indent - << FormatKV("bytes_per_second", RoundDouble(run.bytes_per_second)); + << FormatKV("bytes_per_second", run.bytes_per_second); } if (run.items_per_second > 0.0) { out << ",\n" << indent - << FormatKV("items_per_second", RoundDouble(run.items_per_second)); + << FormatKV("items_per_second", run.items_per_second); } for(auto &c : run.counters) { out << ",\n" << indent - << FormatKV(c.first, RoundDouble(c.second)); + << FormatKV(c.first, c.second); } if (!run.report_label.empty()) { out << ",\n" << indent << FormatKV("label", run.report_label); diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/re.h b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/re.h index 01e9736..924d2f0 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/re.h +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/re.h @@ -17,19 +17,31 @@ #include "internal_macros.h" +#if !defined(HAVE_STD_REGEX) && \ + !defined(HAVE_GNU_POSIX_REGEX) && \ + !defined(HAVE_POSIX_REGEX) + // No explicit regex selection; detect based on builtin hints. + #if defined(BENCHMARK_OS_LINUX) || defined(BENCHMARK_OS_APPLE) + #define HAVE_POSIX_REGEX 1 + #elif __cplusplus >= 199711L + #define HAVE_STD_REGEX 1 + #endif +#endif + // Prefer C regex libraries when compiling w/o exceptions so that we can // correctly report errors. -#if defined(BENCHMARK_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS) && defined(HAVE_STD_REGEX) && \ +#if defined(BENCHMARK_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS) && \ + defined(BENCHMARK_HAVE_STD_REGEX) && \ (defined(HAVE_GNU_POSIX_REGEX) || defined(HAVE_POSIX_REGEX)) -#undef HAVE_STD_REGEX + #undef HAVE_STD_REGEX #endif #if defined(HAVE_STD_REGEX) -#include + #include #elif defined(HAVE_GNU_POSIX_REGEX) -#include + #include #elif defined(HAVE_POSIX_REGEX) -#include + #include #else #error No regular expression backend was found! #endif @@ -64,7 +76,7 @@ class Regex { #elif defined(HAVE_POSIX_REGEX) || defined(HAVE_GNU_POSIX_REGEX) regex_t re_; #else -#error No regular expression backend implementation available + #error No regular expression backend implementation available #endif }; diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/reporter.cc b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/reporter.cc index aacd453..4b40aae 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/reporter.cc +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/reporter.cc @@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ #include #include "check.h" -#include "stat.h" namespace benchmark { @@ -36,12 +35,27 @@ void BenchmarkReporter::PrintBasicContext(std::ostream *out, CHECK(out) << "cannot be null"; auto &Out = *out; - Out << "Run on (" << context.num_cpus << " X " << context.mhz_per_cpu - << " MHz CPU " << ((context.num_cpus > 1) ? "s" : "") << ")\n"; - Out << LocalDateTimeString() << "\n"; - if (context.cpu_scaling_enabled) { + if (context.executable_name) + Out << "Running " << context.executable_name << "\n"; + + const CPUInfo &info = context.cpu_info; + Out << "Run on (" << info.num_cpus << " X " + << (info.cycles_per_second / 1000000.0) << " MHz CPU " + << ((info.num_cpus > 1) ? "s" : "") << ")\n"; + if (info.caches.size() != 0) { + Out << "CPU Caches:\n"; + for (auto &CInfo : info.caches) { + Out << " L" << CInfo.level << " " << CInfo.type << " " + << (CInfo.size / 1000) << "K"; + if (CInfo.num_sharing != 0) + Out << " (x" << (info.num_cpus / CInfo.num_sharing) << ")"; + Out << "\n"; + } + } + + if (info.scaling_enabled) { Out << "***WARNING*** CPU scaling is enabled, the benchmark " "real time measurements may be noisy and will incur extra " "overhead.\n"; @@ -53,6 +67,11 @@ void BenchmarkReporter::PrintBasicContext(std::ostream *out, #endif } +// No initializer because it's already initialized to NULL. +const char* BenchmarkReporter::Context::executable_name; + +BenchmarkReporter::Context::Context() : cpu_info(CPUInfo::Get()) {} + double BenchmarkReporter::Run::GetAdjustedRealTime() const { double new_time = real_accumulated_time * GetTimeUnitMultiplier(time_unit); if (iterations != 0) new_time /= static_cast(iterations); diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/stat.h b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/stat.h deleted file mode 100644 index d356875..0000000 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/stat.h +++ /dev/null @@ -1,310 +0,0 @@ -#ifndef BENCHMARK_STAT_H_ -#define BENCHMARK_STAT_H_ - -#include -#include -#include -#include - -namespace benchmark { - -template -class Stat1; - -template -class Stat1MinMax; - -typedef Stat1 Stat1_f; -typedef Stat1 Stat1_d; -typedef Stat1MinMax Stat1MinMax_f; -typedef Stat1MinMax Stat1MinMax_d; - -template -class Vector2; -template -class Vector3; -template -class Vector4; - -template -class Stat1 { - public: - typedef Stat1 Self; - - Stat1() { Clear(); } - // Create a sample of value dat and weight 1 - explicit Stat1(const VType &dat) { - sum_ = dat; - sum_squares_ = Sqr(dat); - numsamples_ = 1; - } - // Create statistics for all the samples between begin (included) - // and end(excluded) - explicit Stat1(const VType *begin, const VType *end) { - Clear(); - for (const VType *item = begin; item < end; ++item) { - (*this) += Stat1(*item); - } - } - // Create a sample of value dat and weight w - Stat1(const VType &dat, const NumType &w) { - sum_ = w * dat; - sum_squares_ = w * Sqr(dat); - numsamples_ = w; - } - // Copy operator - Stat1(const Self &stat) { - sum_ = stat.sum_; - sum_squares_ = stat.sum_squares_; - numsamples_ = stat.numsamples_; - } - - void Clear() { - numsamples_ = NumType(); - sum_squares_ = sum_ = VType(); - } - - Self &operator=(const Self &stat) { - sum_ = stat.sum_; - sum_squares_ = stat.sum_squares_; - numsamples_ = stat.numsamples_; - return (*this); - } - // Merge statistics from two sample sets. - Self &operator+=(const Self &stat) { - sum_ += stat.sum_; - sum_squares_ += stat.sum_squares_; - numsamples_ += stat.numsamples_; - return (*this); - } - // The operation opposite to += - Self &operator-=(const Self &stat) { - sum_ -= stat.sum_; - sum_squares_ -= stat.sum_squares_; - numsamples_ -= stat.numsamples_; - return (*this); - } - // Multiply the weight of the set of samples by a factor k - Self &operator*=(const VType &k) { - sum_ *= k; - sum_squares_ *= k; - numsamples_ *= k; - return (*this); - } - - // Merge statistics from two sample sets. - Self operator+(const Self &stat) const { return Self(*this) += stat; } - - // The operation opposite to + - Self operator-(const Self &stat) const { return Self(*this) -= stat; } - - // Multiply the weight of the set of samples by a factor k - Self operator*(const VType &k) const { return Self(*this) *= k; } - - // Return the total weight of this sample set - NumType numSamples() const { return numsamples_; } - - // Return the sum of this sample set - VType Sum() const { return sum_; } - - // Return the mean of this sample set - VType Mean() const { - if (numsamples_ == 0) return VType(); - return sum_ * (1.0 / numsamples_); - } - - // Return the mean of this sample set and compute the standard deviation at - // the same time. - VType Mean(VType *stddev) const { - if (numsamples_ == 0) return VType(); - VType mean = sum_ * (1.0 / numsamples_); - if (stddev) { - // Sample standard deviation is undefined for n = 1 - if (numsamples_ == 1) { - *stddev = VType(); - } else { - VType avg_squares = sum_squares_ * (1.0 / numsamples_); - *stddev = Sqrt(numsamples_ / (numsamples_ - 1.0) * (avg_squares - Sqr(mean))); - } - } - return mean; - } - - // Return the standard deviation of the sample set - VType StdDev() const { - VType stddev = VType(); - Mean(&stddev); - return stddev; - } - - private: - static_assert(std::is_integral::value && - !std::is_same::value, - "NumType must be an integral type that is not bool."); - // Let i be the index of the samples provided (using +=) - // and weight[i],value[i] be the data of sample #i - // then the variables have the following meaning: - NumType numsamples_; // sum of weight[i]; - VType sum_; // sum of weight[i]*value[i]; - VType sum_squares_; // sum of weight[i]*value[i]^2; - - // Template function used to square a number. - // For a vector we square all components - template - static inline SType Sqr(const SType &dat) { - return dat * dat; - } - - template - static inline Vector2 Sqr(const Vector2 &dat) { - return dat.MulComponents(dat); - } - - template - static inline Vector3 Sqr(const Vector3 &dat) { - return dat.MulComponents(dat); - } - - template - static inline Vector4 Sqr(const Vector4 &dat) { - return dat.MulComponents(dat); - } - - // Template function used to take the square root of a number. - // For a vector we square all components - template - static inline SType Sqrt(const SType &dat) { - // Avoid NaN due to imprecision in the calculations - if (dat < 0) return 0; - return sqrt(dat); - } - - template - static inline Vector2 Sqrt(const Vector2 &dat) { - // Avoid NaN due to imprecision in the calculations - return Max(dat, Vector2()).Sqrt(); - } - - template - static inline Vector3 Sqrt(const Vector3 &dat) { - // Avoid NaN due to imprecision in the calculations - return Max(dat, Vector3()).Sqrt(); - } - - template - static inline Vector4 Sqrt(const Vector4 &dat) { - // Avoid NaN due to imprecision in the calculations - return Max(dat, Vector4()).Sqrt(); - } -}; - -// Useful printing function -template -std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &out, const Stat1 &s) { - out << "{ avg = " << s.Mean() << " std = " << s.StdDev() - << " nsamples = " << s.NumSamples() << "}"; - return out; -} - -// Stat1MinMax: same as Stat1, but it also -// keeps the Min and Max values; the "-" -// operator is disabled because it cannot be implemented -// efficiently -template -class Stat1MinMax : public Stat1 { - public: - typedef Stat1MinMax Self; - - Stat1MinMax() { Clear(); } - // Create a sample of value dat and weight 1 - explicit Stat1MinMax(const VType &dat) : Stat1(dat) { - max_ = dat; - min_ = dat; - } - // Create statistics for all the samples between begin (included) - // and end(excluded) - explicit Stat1MinMax(const VType *begin, const VType *end) { - Clear(); - for (const VType *item = begin; item < end; ++item) { - (*this) += Stat1MinMax(*item); - } - } - // Create a sample of value dat and weight w - Stat1MinMax(const VType &dat, const NumType &w) - : Stat1(dat, w) { - max_ = dat; - min_ = dat; - } - // Copy operator - Stat1MinMax(const Self &stat) : Stat1(stat) { - max_ = stat.max_; - min_ = stat.min_; - } - - void Clear() { - Stat1::Clear(); - if (std::numeric_limits::has_infinity) { - min_ = std::numeric_limits::infinity(); - max_ = -std::numeric_limits::infinity(); - } else { - min_ = std::numeric_limits::max(); - max_ = std::numeric_limits::min(); - } - } - - Self &operator=(const Self &stat) { - this->Stat1::operator=(stat); - max_ = stat.max_; - min_ = stat.min_; - return (*this); - } - // Merge statistics from two sample sets. - Self &operator+=(const Self &stat) { - this->Stat1::operator+=(stat); - if (stat.max_ > max_) max_ = stat.max_; - if (stat.min_ < min_) min_ = stat.min_; - return (*this); - } - // Multiply the weight of the set of samples by a factor k - Self &operator*=(const VType &stat) { - this->Stat1::operator*=(stat); - return (*this); - } - // Merge statistics from two sample sets. - Self operator+(const Self &stat) const { return Self(*this) += stat; } - // Multiply the weight of the set of samples by a factor k - Self operator*(const VType &k) const { return Self(*this) *= k; } - - // Return the maximal value in this sample set - VType Max() const { return max_; } - // Return the minimal value in this sample set - VType Min() const { return min_; } - - private: - // The - operation makes no sense with Min/Max - // unless we keep the full list of values (but we don't) - // make it private, and let it undefined so nobody can call it - Self &operator-=(const Self &stat); // senseless. let it undefined. - - // The operation opposite to - - Self operator-(const Self &stat) const; // senseless. let it undefined. - - // Let i be the index of the samples provided (using +=) - // and weight[i],value[i] be the data of sample #i - // then the variables have the following meaning: - VType max_; // max of value[i] - VType min_; // min of value[i] -}; - -// Useful printing function -template -std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &out, - const Stat1MinMax &s) { - out << "{ avg = " << s.Mean() << " std = " << s.StdDev() - << " nsamples = " << s.NumSamples() << " min = " << s.Min() - << " max = " << s.Max() << "}"; - return out; -} -} // end namespace benchmark - -#endif // BENCHMARK_STAT_H_ diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/statistics.cc b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/statistics.cc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1c91e10 --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/statistics.cc @@ -0,0 +1,178 @@ +// Copyright 2016 Ismael Jimenez Martinez. All rights reserved. +// Copyright 2017 Roman Lebedev. All rights reserved. +// +// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); +// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. +// You may obtain a copy of the License at +// +// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 +// +// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software +// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, +// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. +// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and +// limitations under the License. + +#include "benchmark/benchmark.h" + +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include "check.h" +#include "statistics.h" + +namespace benchmark { + +auto StatisticsSum = [](const std::vector& v) { + return std::accumulate(v.begin(), v.end(), 0.0); +}; + +double StatisticsMean(const std::vector& v) { + if (v.empty()) return 0.0; + return StatisticsSum(v) * (1.0 / v.size()); +} + +double StatisticsMedian(const std::vector& v) { + if (v.size() < 3) return StatisticsMean(v); + std::vector copy(v); + + auto center = copy.begin() + v.size() / 2; + std::nth_element(copy.begin(), center, copy.end()); + + // did we have an odd number of samples? + // if yes, then center is the median + // it no, then we are looking for the average between center and the value before + if(v.size() % 2 == 1) + return *center; + auto center2 = copy.begin() + v.size() / 2 - 1; + std::nth_element(copy.begin(), center2, copy.end()); + return (*center + *center2) / 2.0; +} + +// Return the sum of the squares of this sample set +auto SumSquares = [](const std::vector& v) { + return std::inner_product(v.begin(), v.end(), v.begin(), 0.0); +}; + +auto Sqr = [](const double dat) { return dat * dat; }; +auto Sqrt = [](const double dat) { + // Avoid NaN due to imprecision in the calculations + if (dat < 0.0) return 0.0; + return std::sqrt(dat); +}; + +double StatisticsStdDev(const std::vector& v) { + const auto mean = StatisticsMean(v); + if (v.empty()) return mean; + + // Sample standard deviation is undefined for n = 1 + if (v.size() == 1) + return 0.0; + + const double avg_squares = SumSquares(v) * (1.0 / v.size()); + return Sqrt(v.size() / (v.size() - 1.0) * (avg_squares - Sqr(mean))); +} + +std::vector ComputeStats( + const std::vector& reports) { + typedef BenchmarkReporter::Run Run; + std::vector results; + + auto error_count = + std::count_if(reports.begin(), reports.end(), + [](Run const& run) { return run.error_occurred; }); + + if (reports.size() - error_count < 2) { + // We don't report aggregated data if there was a single run. + return results; + } + + // Accumulators. + std::vector real_accumulated_time_stat; + std::vector cpu_accumulated_time_stat; + std::vector bytes_per_second_stat; + std::vector items_per_second_stat; + + real_accumulated_time_stat.reserve(reports.size()); + cpu_accumulated_time_stat.reserve(reports.size()); + bytes_per_second_stat.reserve(reports.size()); + items_per_second_stat.reserve(reports.size()); + + // All repetitions should be run with the same number of iterations so we + // can take this information from the first benchmark. + int64_t const run_iterations = reports.front().iterations; + // create stats for user counters + struct CounterStat { + Counter c; + std::vector s; + }; + std::map< std::string, CounterStat > counter_stats; + for(Run const& r : reports) { + for(auto const& cnt : r.counters) { + auto it = counter_stats.find(cnt.first); + if(it == counter_stats.end()) { + counter_stats.insert({cnt.first, {cnt.second, std::vector{}}}); + it = counter_stats.find(cnt.first); + it->second.s.reserve(reports.size()); + } else { + CHECK_EQ(counter_stats[cnt.first].c.flags, cnt.second.flags); + } + } + } + + // Populate the accumulators. + for (Run const& run : reports) { + CHECK_EQ(reports[0].benchmark_name, run.benchmark_name); + CHECK_EQ(run_iterations, run.iterations); + if (run.error_occurred) continue; + real_accumulated_time_stat.emplace_back(run.real_accumulated_time); + cpu_accumulated_time_stat.emplace_back(run.cpu_accumulated_time); + items_per_second_stat.emplace_back(run.items_per_second); + bytes_per_second_stat.emplace_back(run.bytes_per_second); + // user counters + for(auto const& cnt : run.counters) { + auto it = counter_stats.find(cnt.first); + CHECK_NE(it, counter_stats.end()); + it->second.s.emplace_back(cnt.second); + } + } + + // Only add label if it is same for all runs + std::string report_label = reports[0].report_label; + for (std::size_t i = 1; i < reports.size(); i++) { + if (reports[i].report_label != report_label) { + report_label = ""; + break; + } + } + + for(const auto& Stat : *reports[0].statistics) { + // Get the data from the accumulator to BenchmarkReporter::Run's. + Run data; + data.benchmark_name = reports[0].benchmark_name + "_" + Stat.name_; + data.report_label = report_label; + data.iterations = run_iterations; + + data.real_accumulated_time = Stat.compute_(real_accumulated_time_stat); + data.cpu_accumulated_time = Stat.compute_(cpu_accumulated_time_stat); + data.bytes_per_second = Stat.compute_(bytes_per_second_stat); + data.items_per_second = Stat.compute_(items_per_second_stat); + + data.time_unit = reports[0].time_unit; + + // user counters + for(auto const& kv : counter_stats) { + const auto uc_stat = Stat.compute_(kv.second.s); + auto c = Counter(uc_stat, counter_stats[kv.first].c.flags); + data.counters[kv.first] = c; + } + + results.push_back(data); + } + + return results; +} + +} // end namespace benchmark diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/statistics.h b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/statistics.h new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7eccc85 --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/statistics.h @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +// Copyright 2016 Ismael Jimenez Martinez. All rights reserved. +// Copyright 2017 Roman Lebedev. All rights reserved. +// +// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); +// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. +// You may obtain a copy of the License at +// +// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 +// +// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software +// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, +// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. +// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and +// limitations under the License. + +#ifndef STATISTICS_H_ +#define STATISTICS_H_ + +#include + +#include "benchmark/benchmark.h" + +namespace benchmark { + +// Return a vector containing the mean, median and standard devation information +// (and any user-specified info) for the specified list of reports. If 'reports' +// contains less than two non-errored runs an empty vector is returned +std::vector ComputeStats( + const std::vector& reports); + +double StatisticsMean(const std::vector& v); +double StatisticsMedian(const std::vector& v); +double StatisticsStdDev(const std::vector& v); + +} // end namespace benchmark + +#endif // STATISTICS_H_ diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/string_util.cc b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/string_util.cc index cd4e7cf..ebc3ace 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/string_util.cc +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/string_util.cc @@ -27,8 +27,6 @@ static_assert(arraysize(kSmallSIUnits) == arraysize(kBigSIUnits), static const int64_t kUnitsSize = arraysize(kBigSIUnits); -} // end anonymous namespace - void ToExponentAndMantissa(double val, double thresh, int precision, double one_k, std::string* mantissa, int64_t* exponent) { @@ -100,14 +98,16 @@ std::string ExponentToPrefix(int64_t exponent, bool iec) { } std::string ToBinaryStringFullySpecified(double value, double threshold, - int precision) { + int precision, double one_k = 1024.0) { std::string mantissa; int64_t exponent; - ToExponentAndMantissa(value, threshold, precision, 1024.0, &mantissa, + ToExponentAndMantissa(value, threshold, precision, one_k, &mantissa, &exponent); return mantissa + ExponentToPrefix(exponent, false); } +} // end namespace + void AppendHumanReadable(int n, std::string* str) { std::stringstream ss; // Round down to the nearest SI prefix. @@ -115,14 +115,14 @@ void AppendHumanReadable(int n, std::string* str) { *str += ss.str(); } -std::string HumanReadableNumber(double n) { +std::string HumanReadableNumber(double n, double one_k) { // 1.1 means that figures up to 1.1k should be shown with the next unit down; // this softens edge effects. // 1 means that we should show one decimal place of precision. - return ToBinaryStringFullySpecified(n, 1.1, 1); + return ToBinaryStringFullySpecified(n, 1.1, 1, one_k); } -std::string StringPrintFImp(const char* msg, va_list args) { +std::string StrFormatImp(const char* msg, va_list args) { // we might need a second shot at this, so pre-emptivly make a copy va_list args_cp; va_copy(args_cp, args); @@ -152,10 +152,10 @@ std::string StringPrintFImp(const char* msg, va_list args) { return std::string(buff_ptr.get()); } -std::string StringPrintF(const char* format, ...) { +std::string StrFormat(const char* format, ...) { va_list args; va_start(args, format); - std::string tmp = StringPrintFImp(format, args); + std::string tmp = StrFormatImp(format, args); va_end(args); return tmp; } diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/string_util.h b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/string_util.h index 0b190b9..e70e769 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/string_util.h +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/string_util.h @@ -10,25 +10,25 @@ namespace benchmark { void AppendHumanReadable(int n, std::string* str); -std::string HumanReadableNumber(double n); +std::string HumanReadableNumber(double n, double one_k = 1024.0); -std::string StringPrintF(const char* format, ...); +std::string StrFormat(const char* format, ...); -inline std::ostream& StringCatImp(std::ostream& out) BENCHMARK_NOEXCEPT { +inline std::ostream& StrCatImp(std::ostream& out) BENCHMARK_NOEXCEPT { return out; } template -inline std::ostream& StringCatImp(std::ostream& out, First&& f, +inline std::ostream& StrCatImp(std::ostream& out, First&& f, Rest&&... rest) { out << std::forward(f); - return StringCatImp(out, std::forward(rest)...); + return StrCatImp(out, std::forward(rest)...); } template inline std::string StrCat(Args&&... args) { std::ostringstream ss; - StringCatImp(ss, std::forward(args)...); + StrCatImp(ss, std::forward(args)...); return ss.str(); } diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/sysinfo.cc b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/sysinfo.cc index 7feb79e..d19d0ef 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/sysinfo.cc +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/sysinfo.cc @@ -12,34 +12,47 @@ // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and // limitations under the License. -#include "sysinfo.h" #include "internal_macros.h" #ifdef BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS #include +#undef StrCat // Don't let StrCat in string_util.h be renamed to lstrcatA #include #include #else #include +#ifndef BENCHMARK_OS_FUCHSIA #include +#endif #include #include // this header must be included before 'sys/sysctl.h' to avoid compilation error on FreeBSD #include -#if defined BENCHMARK_OS_FREEBSD || defined BENCHMARK_OS_MACOSX +#if defined BENCHMARK_OS_FREEBSD || defined BENCHMARK_OS_MACOSX || \ + defined BENCHMARK_OS_NETBSD || defined BENCHMARK_OS_OPENBSD +#define BENCHMARK_HAS_SYSCTL #include #endif #endif +#if defined(BENCHMARK_OS_SOLARIS) +#include +#endif +#include +#include +#include #include +#include #include #include #include #include +#include #include +#include #include -#include +#include +#include -#include "arraysize.h" #include "check.h" #include "cycleclock.h" #include "internal_macros.h" @@ -49,214 +62,466 @@ namespace benchmark { namespace { -std::once_flag cpuinfo_init; -double cpuinfo_cycles_per_second = 1.0; -int cpuinfo_num_cpus = 1; // Conservative guess -#if !defined BENCHMARK_OS_MACOSX -const int64_t estimate_time_ms = 1000; +void PrintImp(std::ostream& out) { out << std::endl; } -// Helper function estimates cycles/sec by observing cycles elapsed during -// sleep(). Using small sleep time decreases accuracy significantly. -int64_t EstimateCyclesPerSecond() { - const int64_t start_ticks = cycleclock::Now(); - SleepForMilliseconds(estimate_time_ms); - return cycleclock::Now() - start_ticks; +template +void PrintImp(std::ostream& out, First&& f, Rest&&... rest) { + out << std::forward(f); + PrintImp(out, std::forward(rest)...); } -#endif -#if defined BENCHMARK_OS_LINUX || defined BENCHMARK_OS_CYGWIN -// Helper function for reading an int from a file. Returns true if successful -// and the memory location pointed to by value is set to the value read. -bool ReadIntFromFile(const char* file, long* value) { - bool ret = false; - int fd = open(file, O_RDONLY); - if (fd != -1) { - char line[1024]; - char* err; - memset(line, '\0', sizeof(line)); - ssize_t read_err = read(fd, line, sizeof(line) - 1); - ((void)read_err); // prevent unused warning - CHECK(read_err >= 0); - const long temp_value = strtol(line, &err, 10); - if (line[0] != '\0' && (*err == '\n' || *err == '\0')) { - *value = temp_value; - ret = true; +template +BENCHMARK_NORETURN void PrintErrorAndDie(Args&&... args) { + PrintImp(std::cerr, std::forward(args)...); + std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE); +} + +#ifdef BENCHMARK_HAS_SYSCTL + +/// ValueUnion - A type used to correctly alias the byte-for-byte output of +/// `sysctl` with the result type it's to be interpreted as. +struct ValueUnion { + union DataT { + uint32_t uint32_value; + uint64_t uint64_value; + // For correct aliasing of union members from bytes. + char bytes[8]; + }; + using DataPtr = std::unique_ptr; + + // The size of the data union member + its trailing array size. + size_t Size; + DataPtr Buff; + + public: + ValueUnion() : Size(0), Buff(nullptr, &std::free) {} + + explicit ValueUnion(size_t BuffSize) + : Size(sizeof(DataT) + BuffSize), + Buff(::new (std::malloc(Size)) DataT(), &std::free) {} + + ValueUnion(ValueUnion&& other) = default; + + explicit operator bool() const { return bool(Buff); } + + char* data() const { return Buff->bytes; } + + std::string GetAsString() const { return std::string(data()); } + + int64_t GetAsInteger() const { + if (Size == sizeof(Buff->uint32_value)) + return static_cast(Buff->uint32_value); + else if (Size == sizeof(Buff->uint64_value)) + return static_cast(Buff->uint64_value); + BENCHMARK_UNREACHABLE(); + } + + uint64_t GetAsUnsigned() const { + if (Size == sizeof(Buff->uint32_value)) + return Buff->uint32_value; + else if (Size == sizeof(Buff->uint64_value)) + return Buff->uint64_value; + BENCHMARK_UNREACHABLE(); + } + + template + std::array GetAsArray() { + const int ArrSize = sizeof(T) * N; + CHECK_LE(ArrSize, Size); + std::array Arr; + std::memcpy(Arr.data(), data(), ArrSize); + return Arr; + } +}; + +ValueUnion GetSysctlImp(std::string const& Name) { +#if defined BENCHMARK_OS_OPENBSD + int mib[2]; + + mib[0] = CTL_HW; + if ((Name == "hw.ncpu") || (Name == "hw.cpuspeed")){ + ValueUnion buff(sizeof(int)); + + if (Name == "hw.ncpu") { + mib[1] = HW_NCPU; + } else { + mib[1] = HW_CPUSPEED; } - close(fd); + + if (sysctl(mib, 2, buff.data(), &buff.Size, nullptr, 0) == -1) { + return ValueUnion(); + } + return buff; } - return ret; + return ValueUnion(); +#else + size_t CurBuffSize = 0; + if (sysctlbyname(Name.c_str(), nullptr, &CurBuffSize, nullptr, 0) == -1) + return ValueUnion(); + + ValueUnion buff(CurBuffSize); + if (sysctlbyname(Name.c_str(), buff.data(), &buff.Size, nullptr, 0) == 0) + return buff; + return ValueUnion(); +#endif +} + +BENCHMARK_MAYBE_UNUSED +bool GetSysctl(std::string const& Name, std::string* Out) { + Out->clear(); + auto Buff = GetSysctlImp(Name); + if (!Buff) return false; + Out->assign(Buff.data()); + return true; +} + +template ::value>::type> +bool GetSysctl(std::string const& Name, Tp* Out) { + *Out = 0; + auto Buff = GetSysctlImp(Name); + if (!Buff) return false; + *Out = static_cast(Buff.GetAsUnsigned()); + return true; +} + +template +bool GetSysctl(std::string const& Name, std::array* Out) { + auto Buff = GetSysctlImp(Name); + if (!Buff) return false; + *Out = Buff.GetAsArray(); + return true; } #endif -#if defined BENCHMARK_OS_LINUX || defined BENCHMARK_OS_CYGWIN -static std::string convertToLowerCase(std::string s) { - for (auto& ch : s) - ch = std::tolower(ch); - return s; +template +bool ReadFromFile(std::string const& fname, ArgT* arg) { + *arg = ArgT(); + std::ifstream f(fname.c_str()); + if (!f.is_open()) return false; + f >> *arg; + return f.good(); } -static bool startsWithKey(std::string Value, std::string Key, - bool IgnoreCase = true) { - if (IgnoreCase) { - Key = convertToLowerCase(std::move(Key)); - Value = convertToLowerCase(std::move(Value)); + +bool CpuScalingEnabled(int num_cpus) { + // We don't have a valid CPU count, so don't even bother. + if (num_cpus <= 0) return false; +#ifndef BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS + // On Linux, the CPUfreq subsystem exposes CPU information as files on the + // local file system. If reading the exported files fails, then we may not be + // running on Linux, so we silently ignore all the read errors. + std::string res; + for (int cpu = 0; cpu < num_cpus; ++cpu) { + std::string governor_file = + StrCat("/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu", cpu, "/cpufreq/scaling_governor"); + if (ReadFromFile(governor_file, &res) && res != "performance") return true; } - return Value.compare(0, Key.size(), Key) == 0; +#endif + return false; +} + +int CountSetBitsInCPUMap(std::string Val) { + auto CountBits = [](std::string Part) { + using CPUMask = std::bitset; + Part = "0x" + Part; + CPUMask Mask(std::stoul(Part, nullptr, 16)); + return static_cast(Mask.count()); + }; + size_t Pos; + int total = 0; + while ((Pos = Val.find(',')) != std::string::npos) { + total += CountBits(Val.substr(0, Pos)); + Val = Val.substr(Pos + 1); + } + if (!Val.empty()) { + total += CountBits(Val); + } + return total; +} + +BENCHMARK_MAYBE_UNUSED +std::vector GetCacheSizesFromKVFS() { + std::vector res; + std::string dir = "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cache/"; + int Idx = 0; + while (true) { + CPUInfo::CacheInfo info; + std::string FPath = StrCat(dir, "index", Idx++, "/"); + std::ifstream f(StrCat(FPath, "size").c_str()); + if (!f.is_open()) break; + std::string suffix; + f >> info.size; + if (f.fail()) + PrintErrorAndDie("Failed while reading file '", FPath, "size'"); + if (f.good()) { + f >> suffix; + if (f.bad()) + PrintErrorAndDie( + "Invalid cache size format: failed to read size suffix"); + else if (f && suffix != "K") + PrintErrorAndDie("Invalid cache size format: Expected bytes ", suffix); + else if (suffix == "K") + info.size *= 1000; + } + if (!ReadFromFile(StrCat(FPath, "type"), &info.type)) + PrintErrorAndDie("Failed to read from file ", FPath, "type"); + if (!ReadFromFile(StrCat(FPath, "level"), &info.level)) + PrintErrorAndDie("Failed to read from file ", FPath, "level"); + std::string map_str; + if (!ReadFromFile(StrCat(FPath, "shared_cpu_map"), &map_str)) + PrintErrorAndDie("Failed to read from file ", FPath, "shared_cpu_map"); + info.num_sharing = CountSetBitsInCPUMap(map_str); + res.push_back(info); + } + + return res; +} + +#ifdef BENCHMARK_OS_MACOSX +std::vector GetCacheSizesMacOSX() { + std::vector res; + std::array CacheCounts{{0, 0, 0, 0}}; + GetSysctl("hw.cacheconfig", &CacheCounts); + + struct { + std::string name; + std::string type; + int level; + size_t num_sharing; + } Cases[] = {{"hw.l1dcachesize", "Data", 1, CacheCounts[1]}, + {"hw.l1icachesize", "Instruction", 1, CacheCounts[1]}, + {"hw.l2cachesize", "Unified", 2, CacheCounts[2]}, + {"hw.l3cachesize", "Unified", 3, CacheCounts[3]}}; + for (auto& C : Cases) { + int val; + if (!GetSysctl(C.name, &val)) continue; + CPUInfo::CacheInfo info; + info.type = C.type; + info.level = C.level; + info.size = val; + info.num_sharing = static_cast(C.num_sharing); + res.push_back(std::move(info)); + } + return res; +} +#elif defined(BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS) +std::vector GetCacheSizesWindows() { + std::vector res; + DWORD buffer_size = 0; + using PInfo = SYSTEM_LOGICAL_PROCESSOR_INFORMATION; + using CInfo = CACHE_DESCRIPTOR; + + using UPtr = std::unique_ptr; + GetLogicalProcessorInformation(nullptr, &buffer_size); + UPtr buff((PInfo*)malloc(buffer_size), &std::free); + if (!GetLogicalProcessorInformation(buff.get(), &buffer_size)) + PrintErrorAndDie("Failed during call to GetLogicalProcessorInformation: ", + GetLastError()); + + PInfo* it = buff.get(); + PInfo* end = buff.get() + (buffer_size / sizeof(PInfo)); + + for (; it != end; ++it) { + if (it->Relationship != RelationCache) continue; + using BitSet = std::bitset; + BitSet B(it->ProcessorMask); + // To prevent duplicates, only consider caches where CPU 0 is specified + if (!B.test(0)) continue; + CInfo* Cache = &it->Cache; + CPUInfo::CacheInfo C; + C.num_sharing = static_cast(B.count()); + C.level = Cache->Level; + C.size = Cache->Size; + switch (Cache->Type) { + case CacheUnified: + C.type = "Unified"; + break; + case CacheInstruction: + C.type = "Instruction"; + break; + case CacheData: + C.type = "Data"; + break; + case CacheTrace: + C.type = "Trace"; + break; + default: + C.type = "Unknown"; + break; + } + res.push_back(C); + } + return res; } #endif -void InitializeSystemInfo() { +std::vector GetCacheSizes() { +#ifdef BENCHMARK_OS_MACOSX + return GetCacheSizesMacOSX(); +#elif defined(BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS) + return GetCacheSizesWindows(); +#else + return GetCacheSizesFromKVFS(); +#endif +} + +int GetNumCPUs() { +#ifdef BENCHMARK_HAS_SYSCTL + int NumCPU = -1; + if (GetSysctl("hw.ncpu", &NumCPU)) return NumCPU; + fprintf(stderr, "Err: %s\n", strerror(errno)); + std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE); +#elif defined(BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS) + SYSTEM_INFO sysinfo; + // Use memset as opposed to = {} to avoid GCC missing initializer false + // positives. + std::memset(&sysinfo, 0, sizeof(SYSTEM_INFO)); + GetSystemInfo(&sysinfo); + return sysinfo.dwNumberOfProcessors; // number of logical + // processors in the current + // group +#elif defined(BENCHMARK_OS_SOLARIS) + // Returns -1 in case of a failure. + int NumCPU = sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN); + if (NumCPU < 0) { + fprintf(stderr, + "sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN) failed with error: %s\n", + strerror(errno)); + } + return NumCPU; +#else + int NumCPUs = 0; + int MaxID = -1; + std::ifstream f("/proc/cpuinfo"); + if (!f.is_open()) { + std::cerr << "failed to open /proc/cpuinfo\n"; + return -1; + } + const std::string Key = "processor"; + std::string ln; + while (std::getline(f, ln)) { + if (ln.empty()) continue; + size_t SplitIdx = ln.find(':'); + std::string value; + if (SplitIdx != std::string::npos) value = ln.substr(SplitIdx + 1); + if (ln.size() >= Key.size() && ln.compare(0, Key.size(), Key) == 0) { + NumCPUs++; + if (!value.empty()) { + int CurID = std::stoi(value); + MaxID = std::max(CurID, MaxID); + } + } + } + if (f.bad()) { + std::cerr << "Failure reading /proc/cpuinfo\n"; + return -1; + } + if (!f.eof()) { + std::cerr << "Failed to read to end of /proc/cpuinfo\n"; + return -1; + } + f.close(); + + if ((MaxID + 1) != NumCPUs) { + fprintf(stderr, + "CPU ID assignments in /proc/cpuinfo seem messed up." + " This is usually caused by a bad BIOS.\n"); + } + return NumCPUs; +#endif + BENCHMARK_UNREACHABLE(); +} + +double GetCPUCyclesPerSecond() { #if defined BENCHMARK_OS_LINUX || defined BENCHMARK_OS_CYGWIN - char line[1024]; - char* err; long freq; - bool saw_mhz = false; - // If the kernel is exporting the tsc frequency use that. There are issues // where cpuinfo_max_freq cannot be relied on because the BIOS may be // exporintg an invalid p-state (on x86) or p-states may be used to put the // processor in a new mode (turbo mode). Essentially, those frequencies // cannot always be relied upon. The same reasons apply to /proc/cpuinfo as // well. - if (!saw_mhz && - ReadIntFromFile("/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/tsc_freq_khz", &freq)) { + if (ReadFromFile("/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/tsc_freq_khz", &freq) + // If CPU scaling is in effect, we want to use the *maximum* frequency, + // not whatever CPU speed some random processor happens to be using now. + || ReadFromFile("/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/cpuinfo_max_freq", + &freq)) { // The value is in kHz (as the file name suggests). For example, on a // 2GHz warpstation, the file contains the value "2000000". - cpuinfo_cycles_per_second = freq * 1000.0; - saw_mhz = true; + return freq * 1000.0; } - // If CPU scaling is in effect, we want to use the *maximum* frequency, - // not whatever CPU speed some random processor happens to be using now. - if (!saw_mhz && - ReadIntFromFile("/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/cpuinfo_max_freq", - &freq)) { - // The value is in kHz. For example, on a 2GHz warpstation, the file - // contains the value "2000000". - cpuinfo_cycles_per_second = freq * 1000.0; - saw_mhz = true; + const double error_value = -1; + double bogo_clock = error_value; + + std::ifstream f("/proc/cpuinfo"); + if (!f.is_open()) { + std::cerr << "failed to open /proc/cpuinfo\n"; + return error_value; } - // Read /proc/cpuinfo for other values, and if there is no cpuinfo_max_freq. - const char* pname = "/proc/cpuinfo"; - int fd = open(pname, O_RDONLY); - if (fd == -1) { - perror(pname); - if (!saw_mhz) { - cpuinfo_cycles_per_second = - static_cast(EstimateCyclesPerSecond()); - } - return; - } - - double bogo_clock = 1.0; - bool saw_bogo = false; - long max_cpu_id = 0; - int num_cpus = 0; - line[0] = line[1] = '\0'; - size_t chars_read = 0; - do { // we'll exit when the last read didn't read anything - // Move the next line to the beginning of the buffer - const size_t oldlinelen = strlen(line); - if (sizeof(line) == oldlinelen + 1) // oldlinelen took up entire line - line[0] = '\0'; - else // still other lines left to save - memmove(line, line + oldlinelen + 1, sizeof(line) - (oldlinelen + 1)); - // Terminate the new line, reading more if we can't find the newline - char* newline = strchr(line, '\n'); - if (newline == nullptr) { - const size_t linelen = strlen(line); - const size_t bytes_to_read = sizeof(line) - 1 - linelen; - CHECK(bytes_to_read > 0); // because the memmove recovered >=1 bytes - chars_read = read(fd, line + linelen, bytes_to_read); - line[linelen + chars_read] = '\0'; - newline = strchr(line, '\n'); - } - if (newline != nullptr) *newline = '\0'; + auto startsWithKey = [](std::string const& Value, std::string const& Key) { + if (Key.size() > Value.size()) return false; + auto Cmp = [&](char X, char Y) { + return std::tolower(X) == std::tolower(Y); + }; + return std::equal(Key.begin(), Key.end(), Value.begin(), Cmp); + }; + std::string ln; + while (std::getline(f, ln)) { + if (ln.empty()) continue; + size_t SplitIdx = ln.find(':'); + std::string value; + if (SplitIdx != std::string::npos) value = ln.substr(SplitIdx + 1); // When parsing the "cpu MHz" and "bogomips" (fallback) entries, we only - // accept postive values. Some environments (virtual machines) report zero, + // accept positive values. Some environments (virtual machines) report zero, // which would cause infinite looping in WallTime_Init. - if (!saw_mhz && startsWithKey(line, "cpu MHz")) { - const char* freqstr = strchr(line, ':'); - if (freqstr) { - cpuinfo_cycles_per_second = strtod(freqstr + 1, &err) * 1000000.0; - if (freqstr[1] != '\0' && *err == '\0' && cpuinfo_cycles_per_second > 0) - saw_mhz = true; + if (startsWithKey(ln, "cpu MHz")) { + if (!value.empty()) { + double cycles_per_second = std::stod(value) * 1000000.0; + if (cycles_per_second > 0) return cycles_per_second; } - } else if (startsWithKey(line, "bogomips")) { - const char* freqstr = strchr(line, ':'); - if (freqstr) { - bogo_clock = strtod(freqstr + 1, &err) * 1000000.0; - if (freqstr[1] != '\0' && *err == '\0' && bogo_clock > 0) - saw_bogo = true; + } else if (startsWithKey(ln, "bogomips")) { + if (!value.empty()) { + bogo_clock = std::stod(value) * 1000000.0; + if (bogo_clock < 0.0) bogo_clock = error_value; } - } else if (startsWithKey(line, "processor", /*IgnoreCase*/false)) { - // The above comparison is case-sensitive because ARM kernels often - // include a "Processor" line that tells you about the CPU, distinct - // from the usual "processor" lines that give you CPU ids. No current - // Linux architecture is using "Processor" for CPU ids. - num_cpus++; // count up every time we see an "processor :" entry - const char* id_str = strchr(line, ':'); - if (id_str) { - const long cpu_id = strtol(id_str + 1, &err, 10); - if (id_str[1] != '\0' && *err == '\0' && max_cpu_id < cpu_id) - max_cpu_id = cpu_id; - } - } - } while (chars_read > 0); - close(fd); - - if (!saw_mhz) { - if (saw_bogo) { - // If we didn't find anything better, we'll use bogomips, but - // we're not happy about it. - cpuinfo_cycles_per_second = bogo_clock; - } else { - // If we don't even have bogomips, we'll use the slow estimation. - cpuinfo_cycles_per_second = - static_cast(EstimateCyclesPerSecond()); } } - if (num_cpus == 0) { - fprintf(stderr, "Failed to read num. CPUs correctly from /proc/cpuinfo\n"); - } else { - if ((max_cpu_id + 1) != num_cpus) { - fprintf(stderr, - "CPU ID assignments in /proc/cpuinfo seem messed up." - " This is usually caused by a bad BIOS.\n"); - } - cpuinfo_num_cpus = num_cpus; + if (f.bad()) { + std::cerr << "Failure reading /proc/cpuinfo\n"; + return error_value; } + if (!f.eof()) { + std::cerr << "Failed to read to end of /proc/cpuinfo\n"; + return error_value; + } + f.close(); + // If we found the bogomips clock, but nothing better, we'll use it (but + // we're not happy about it); otherwise, fallback to the rough estimation + // below. + if (bogo_clock >= 0.0) return bogo_clock; -#elif defined BENCHMARK_OS_FREEBSD -// For this sysctl to work, the machine must be configured without -// SMP, APIC, or APM support. hz should be 64-bit in freebsd 7.0 -// and later. Before that, it's a 32-bit quantity (and gives the -// wrong answer on machines faster than 2^32 Hz). See -// http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-i386/2004-November/001846.html -// But also compare FreeBSD 7.0: -// http://fxr.watson.org/fxr/source/i386/i386/tsc.c?v=RELENG70#L223 -// 231 error = sysctl_handle_quad(oidp, &freq, 0, req); -// To FreeBSD 6.3 (it's the same in 6-STABLE): -// http://fxr.watson.org/fxr/source/i386/i386/tsc.c?v=RELENG6#L131 -// 139 error = sysctl_handle_int(oidp, &freq, sizeof(freq), req); -#if __FreeBSD__ >= 7 - uint64_t hz = 0; +#elif defined BENCHMARK_HAS_SYSCTL + constexpr auto* FreqStr = +#if defined(BENCHMARK_OS_FREEBSD) || defined(BENCHMARK_OS_NETBSD) + "machdep.tsc_freq"; +#elif defined BENCHMARK_OS_OPENBSD + "hw.cpuspeed"; #else - unsigned int hz = 0; + "hw.cpufrequency"; #endif - size_t sz = sizeof(hz); - const char* sysctl_path = "machdep.tsc_freq"; - if (sysctlbyname(sysctl_path, &hz, &sz, nullptr, 0) != 0) { - fprintf(stderr, "Unable to determine clock rate from sysctl: %s: %s\n", - sysctl_path, strerror(errno)); - cpuinfo_cycles_per_second = static_cast(EstimateCyclesPerSecond()); - } else { - cpuinfo_cycles_per_second = hz; - } -// TODO: also figure out cpuinfo_num_cpus + unsigned long long hz = 0; +#if defined BENCHMARK_OS_OPENBSD + if (GetSysctl(FreqStr, &hz)) return hz * 1000000; +#else + if (GetSysctl(FreqStr, &hz)) return hz; +#endif + fprintf(stderr, "Unable to determine clock rate from sysctl: %s: %s\n", + FreqStr, strerror(errno)); #elif defined BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS // In NT, read MHz from the registry. If we fail to do so or we're in win9x @@ -267,89 +532,56 @@ void InitializeSystemInfo() { SHGetValueA(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, "HARDWARE\\DESCRIPTION\\System\\CentralProcessor\\0", "~MHz", nullptr, &data, &data_size))) - cpuinfo_cycles_per_second = - static_cast((int64_t)data * (int64_t)(1000 * 1000)); // was mhz - else - cpuinfo_cycles_per_second = static_cast(EstimateCyclesPerSecond()); - - SYSTEM_INFO sysinfo; - // Use memset as opposed to = {} to avoid GCC missing initializer false - // positives. - std::memset(&sysinfo, 0, sizeof(SYSTEM_INFO)); - GetSystemInfo(&sysinfo); - cpuinfo_num_cpus = sysinfo.dwNumberOfProcessors; // number of logical - // processors in the current - // group - -#elif defined BENCHMARK_OS_MACOSX - int32_t num_cpus = 0; - size_t size = sizeof(num_cpus); - if (::sysctlbyname("hw.ncpu", &num_cpus, &size, nullptr, 0) == 0 && - (size == sizeof(num_cpus))) { - cpuinfo_num_cpus = num_cpus; - } else { - fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", strerror(errno)); - std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE); + return static_cast((int64_t)data * + (int64_t)(1000 * 1000)); // was mhz +#elif defined (BENCHMARK_OS_SOLARIS) + kstat_ctl_t *kc = kstat_open(); + if (!kc) { + std::cerr << "failed to open /dev/kstat\n"; + return -1; } - int64_t cpu_freq = 0; - size = sizeof(cpu_freq); - if (::sysctlbyname("hw.cpufrequency", &cpu_freq, &size, nullptr, 0) == 0 && - (size == sizeof(cpu_freq))) { - cpuinfo_cycles_per_second = cpu_freq; - } else { - #if defined BENCHMARK_OS_IOS - fprintf(stderr, "CPU frequency cannot be detected. \n"); - cpuinfo_cycles_per_second = 0; - #else - fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", strerror(errno)); - std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE); - #endif + kstat_t *ksp = kstat_lookup(kc, (char*)"cpu_info", -1, (char*)"cpu_info0"); + if (!ksp) { + std::cerr << "failed to lookup in /dev/kstat\n"; + return -1; } -#else - // Generic cycles per second counter - cpuinfo_cycles_per_second = static_cast(EstimateCyclesPerSecond()); + if (kstat_read(kc, ksp, NULL) < 0) { + std::cerr << "failed to read from /dev/kstat\n"; + return -1; + } + kstat_named_t *knp = + (kstat_named_t*)kstat_data_lookup(ksp, (char*)"current_clock_Hz"); + if (!knp) { + std::cerr << "failed to lookup data in /dev/kstat\n"; + return -1; + } + if (knp->data_type != KSTAT_DATA_UINT64) { + std::cerr << "current_clock_Hz is of unexpected data type: " + << knp->data_type << "\n"; + return -1; + } + double clock_hz = knp->value.ui64; + kstat_close(kc); + return clock_hz; #endif + // If we've fallen through, attempt to roughly estimate the CPU clock rate. + const int estimate_time_ms = 1000; + const auto start_ticks = cycleclock::Now(); + SleepForMilliseconds(estimate_time_ms); + return static_cast(cycleclock::Now() - start_ticks); } } // end namespace -double CyclesPerSecond(void) { - std::call_once(cpuinfo_init, InitializeSystemInfo); - return cpuinfo_cycles_per_second; +const CPUInfo& CPUInfo::Get() { + static const CPUInfo* info = new CPUInfo(); + return *info; } -int NumCPUs(void) { - std::call_once(cpuinfo_init, InitializeSystemInfo); - return cpuinfo_num_cpus; -} - -// The ""'s catch people who don't pass in a literal for "str" -#define strliterallen(str) (sizeof("" str "") - 1) - -// Must use a string literal for prefix. -#define memprefix(str, len, prefix) \ - ((((len) >= strliterallen(prefix)) && \ - std::memcmp(str, prefix, strliterallen(prefix)) == 0) \ - ? str + strliterallen(prefix) \ - : nullptr) - -bool CpuScalingEnabled() { -#ifndef BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS - // On Linux, the CPUfreq subsystem exposes CPU information as files on the - // local file system. If reading the exported files fails, then we may not be - // running on Linux, so we silently ignore all the read errors. - for (int cpu = 0, num_cpus = NumCPUs(); cpu < num_cpus; ++cpu) { - std::string governor_file = - StrCat("/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu", cpu, "/cpufreq/scaling_governor"); - FILE* file = fopen(governor_file.c_str(), "r"); - if (!file) break; - char buff[16]; - size_t bytes_read = fread(buff, 1, sizeof(buff), file); - fclose(file); - if (memprefix(buff, bytes_read, "performance") == nullptr) return true; - } -#endif - return false; -} +CPUInfo::CPUInfo() + : num_cpus(GetNumCPUs()), + cycles_per_second(GetCPUCyclesPerSecond()), + caches(GetCacheSizes()), + scaling_enabled(CpuScalingEnabled(num_cpus)) {} } // end namespace benchmark diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/sysinfo.h b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/sysinfo.h deleted file mode 100644 index c5d9916..0000000 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/sysinfo.h +++ /dev/null @@ -1,10 +0,0 @@ -#ifndef BENCHMARK_SYSINFO_H_ -#define BENCHMARK_SYSINFO_H_ - -namespace benchmark { -int NumCPUs(); -double CyclesPerSecond(); -bool CpuScalingEnabled(); -} // end namespace benchmark - -#endif // BENCHMARK_SYSINFO_H_ diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/thread_manager.h b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/thread_manager.h new file mode 100644 index 0000000..82b4d72 --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/thread_manager.h @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +#ifndef BENCHMARK_THREAD_MANAGER_H +#define BENCHMARK_THREAD_MANAGER_H + +#include + +#include "benchmark/benchmark.h" +#include "mutex.h" + +namespace benchmark { +namespace internal { + +class ThreadManager { + public: + ThreadManager(int num_threads) + : alive_threads_(num_threads), start_stop_barrier_(num_threads) {} + + Mutex& GetBenchmarkMutex() const RETURN_CAPABILITY(benchmark_mutex_) { + return benchmark_mutex_; + } + + bool StartStopBarrier() EXCLUDES(end_cond_mutex_) { + return start_stop_barrier_.wait(); + } + + void NotifyThreadComplete() EXCLUDES(end_cond_mutex_) { + start_stop_barrier_.removeThread(); + if (--alive_threads_ == 0) { + MutexLock lock(end_cond_mutex_); + end_condition_.notify_all(); + } + } + + void WaitForAllThreads() EXCLUDES(end_cond_mutex_) { + MutexLock lock(end_cond_mutex_); + end_condition_.wait(lock.native_handle(), + [this]() { return alive_threads_ == 0; }); + } + + public: + struct Result { + int64_t iterations = 0; + double real_time_used = 0; + double cpu_time_used = 0; + double manual_time_used = 0; + int64_t bytes_processed = 0; + int64_t items_processed = 0; + int64_t complexity_n = 0; + std::string report_label_; + std::string error_message_; + bool has_error_ = false; + UserCounters counters; + }; + GUARDED_BY(GetBenchmarkMutex()) Result results; + + private: + mutable Mutex benchmark_mutex_; + std::atomic alive_threads_; + Barrier start_stop_barrier_; + Mutex end_cond_mutex_; + Condition end_condition_; +}; + +} // namespace internal +} // namespace benchmark + +#endif // BENCHMARK_THREAD_MANAGER_H diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/thread_timer.h b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/thread_timer.h new file mode 100644 index 0000000..eaf108e --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/thread_timer.h @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +#ifndef BENCHMARK_THREAD_TIMER_H +#define BENCHMARK_THREAD_TIMER_H + +#include "check.h" +#include "timers.h" + +namespace benchmark { +namespace internal { + +class ThreadTimer { + public: + ThreadTimer() = default; + + // Called by each thread + void StartTimer() { + running_ = true; + start_real_time_ = ChronoClockNow(); + start_cpu_time_ = ThreadCPUUsage(); + } + + // Called by each thread + void StopTimer() { + CHECK(running_); + running_ = false; + real_time_used_ += ChronoClockNow() - start_real_time_; + // Floating point error can result in the subtraction producing a negative + // time. Guard against that. + cpu_time_used_ += std::max(ThreadCPUUsage() - start_cpu_time_, 0); + } + + // Called by each thread + void SetIterationTime(double seconds) { manual_time_used_ += seconds; } + + bool running() const { return running_; } + + // REQUIRES: timer is not running + double real_time_used() { + CHECK(!running_); + return real_time_used_; + } + + // REQUIRES: timer is not running + double cpu_time_used() { + CHECK(!running_); + return cpu_time_used_; + } + + // REQUIRES: timer is not running + double manual_time_used() { + CHECK(!running_); + return manual_time_used_; + } + + private: + bool running_ = false; // Is the timer running + double start_real_time_ = 0; // If running_ + double start_cpu_time_ = 0; // If running_ + + // Accumulated time so far (does not contain current slice if running_) + double real_time_used_ = 0; + double cpu_time_used_ = 0; + // Manually set iteration time. User sets this with SetIterationTime(seconds). + double manual_time_used_ = 0; +}; + +} // namespace internal +} // namespace benchmark + +#endif // BENCHMARK_THREAD_TIMER_H diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/timers.cc b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/timers.cc index 817272d..2010e24 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/timers.cc +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/src/timers.cc @@ -17,11 +17,14 @@ #ifdef BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS #include +#undef StrCat // Don't let StrCat in string_util.h be renamed to lstrcatA #include #include #else #include +#ifndef BENCHMARK_OS_FUCHSIA #include +#endif #include #include // this header must be included before 'sys/sysctl.h' to avoid compilation error on FreeBSD #include @@ -74,7 +77,7 @@ double MakeTime(FILETIME const& kernel_time, FILETIME const& user_time) { static_cast(user.QuadPart)) * 1e-7; } -#else +#elif !defined(BENCHMARK_OS_FUCHSIA) double MakeTime(struct rusage const& ru) { return (static_cast(ru.ru_utime.tv_sec) + static_cast(ru.ru_utime.tv_usec) * 1e-6 + @@ -162,6 +165,10 @@ double ThreadCPUUsage() { // RTEMS doesn't support CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID. See // https://github.com/RTEMS/rtems/blob/master/cpukit/posix/src/clockgettime.c return ProcessCPUUsage(); +#elif defined(BENCHMARK_OS_SOLARIS) + struct rusage ru; + if (getrusage(RUSAGE_LWP, &ru) == 0) return MakeTime(ru); + DiagnoseAndExit("getrusage(RUSAGE_LWP, ...) failed"); #elif defined(CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID) struct timespec ts; if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID, &ts) == 0) return MakeTime(ts); @@ -186,7 +193,6 @@ std::string DateTimeString(bool local) { std::strftime(storage, sizeof(storage), "%x %X", ::localtime(&now)); #else std::tm timeinfo; - std::memset(&timeinfo, 0, sizeof(std::tm)); ::localtime_r(&now, &timeinfo); written = std::strftime(storage, sizeof(storage), "%F %T", &timeinfo); #endif @@ -195,7 +201,6 @@ std::string DateTimeString(bool local) { written = std::strftime(storage, sizeof(storage), "%x %X", ::gmtime(&now)); #else std::tm timeinfo; - std::memset(&timeinfo, 0, sizeof(std::tm)); ::gmtime_r(&now, &timeinfo); written = std::strftime(storage, sizeof(storage), "%F %T", &timeinfo); #endif diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/AssemblyTests.cmake b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/AssemblyTests.cmake new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3d07858 --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/AssemblyTests.cmake @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ + +include(split_list) + +set(ASM_TEST_FLAGS "") +check_cxx_compiler_flag(-O3 BENCHMARK_HAS_O3_FLAG) +if (BENCHMARK_HAS_O3_FLAG) + list(APPEND ASM_TEST_FLAGS -O3) +endif() + +check_cxx_compiler_flag(-g0 BENCHMARK_HAS_G0_FLAG) +if (BENCHMARK_HAS_G0_FLAG) + list(APPEND ASM_TEST_FLAGS -g0) +endif() + +check_cxx_compiler_flag(-fno-stack-protector BENCHMARK_HAS_FNO_STACK_PROTECTOR_FLAG) +if (BENCHMARK_HAS_FNO_STACK_PROTECTOR_FLAG) + list(APPEND ASM_TEST_FLAGS -fno-stack-protector) +endif() + +split_list(ASM_TEST_FLAGS) +string(TOUPPER "${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID}" ASM_TEST_COMPILER) + +macro(add_filecheck_test name) + cmake_parse_arguments(ARG "" "" "CHECK_PREFIXES" ${ARGV}) + add_library(${name} OBJECT ${name}.cc) + set_target_properties(${name} PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "-S ${ASM_TEST_FLAGS}") + set(ASM_OUTPUT_FILE "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${name}.s") + add_custom_target(copy_${name} ALL + COMMAND ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/tools/strip_asm.py + $ + ${ASM_OUTPUT_FILE} + BYPRODUCTS ${ASM_OUTPUT_FILE}) + add_dependencies(copy_${name} ${name}) + if (NOT ARG_CHECK_PREFIXES) + set(ARG_CHECK_PREFIXES "CHECK") + endif() + foreach(prefix ${ARG_CHECK_PREFIXES}) + add_test(NAME run_${name}_${prefix} + COMMAND + ${LLVM_FILECHECK_EXE} ${name}.cc + --input-file=${ASM_OUTPUT_FILE} + --check-prefixes=CHECK,CHECK-${ASM_TEST_COMPILER} + WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}) + endforeach() +endmacro() + diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/BUILD b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/BUILD new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3f174c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/BUILD @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +TEST_COPTS = [ + "-pedantic", + "-pedantic-errors", + "-std=c++11", + "-Wall", + "-Wextra", + "-Wshadow", +# "-Wshorten-64-to-32", + "-Wfloat-equal", + "-fstrict-aliasing", +] + +PER_SRC_COPTS = ({ + "cxx03_test.cc": ["-std=c++03"], + # Some of the issues with DoNotOptimize only occur when optimization is enabled + "donotoptimize_test.cc": ["-O3"], +}) + + +TEST_ARGS = ["--benchmark_min_time=0.01"] + +PER_SRC_TEST_ARGS = ({ + "user_counters_tabular_test.cc": ["--benchmark_counters_tabular=true"], +}) + +cc_library( + name = "output_test_helper", + testonly = 1, + srcs = ["output_test_helper.cc"], + hdrs = ["output_test.h"], + copts = TEST_COPTS, + deps = [ + "//:benchmark", + "//:benchmark_internal_headers", + ], +) + +[ + cc_test( + name = test_src[:-len(".cc")], + size = "small", + srcs = [test_src], + args = TEST_ARGS + PER_SRC_TEST_ARGS.get(test_src, []), + copts = TEST_COPTS + PER_SRC_COPTS.get(test_src, []), + deps = [ + ":output_test_helper", + "//:benchmark", + "//:benchmark_internal_headers", + "@com_google_googletest//:gtest", + ] + ( + ["@com_google_googletest//:gtest_main"] if (test_src[-len("gtest.cc"):] == "gtest.cc") else [] + ), + # FIXME: Add support for assembly tests to bazel. + # See Issue #556 + # https://github.com/google/benchmark/issues/556 + ) for test_src in glob(["*test.cc"], exclude = ["*_assembly_test.cc", "link_main_test.cc"]) +] + +cc_test( + name = "link_main_test", + size = "small", + srcs = ["link_main_test.cc"], + copts = TEST_COPTS, + deps = ["//:benchmark_main"], +) diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/CMakeLists.txt b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/CMakeLists.txt index b55612b..05ae804 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/CMakeLists.txt +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/CMakeLists.txt @@ -22,6 +22,12 @@ if( NOT uppercase_CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "DEBUG" ) endforeach() endif() +check_cxx_compiler_flag(-O3 BENCHMARK_HAS_O3_FLAG) +set(BENCHMARK_O3_FLAG "") +if (BENCHMARK_HAS_O3_FLAG) + set(BENCHMARK_O3_FLAG "-O3") +endif() + # NOTE: These flags must be added after find_package(Threads REQUIRED) otherwise # they will break the configuration check. if (DEFINED BENCHMARK_CXX_LINKER_FLAGS) @@ -35,6 +41,10 @@ macro(compile_benchmark_test name) target_link_libraries(${name} benchmark ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT}) endmacro(compile_benchmark_test) +macro(compile_benchmark_test_with_main name) + add_executable(${name} "${name}.cc") + target_link_libraries(${name} benchmark_main) +endmacro(compile_benchmark_test_with_main) macro(compile_output_test name) add_executable(${name} "${name}.cc" output_test.h) @@ -42,7 +52,6 @@ macro(compile_output_test name) ${BENCHMARK_CXX_LIBRARIES} ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT}) endmacro(compile_output_test) - # Demonstration executable compile_benchmark_test(benchmark_test) add_test(benchmark benchmark_test --benchmark_min_time=0.01) @@ -54,14 +63,23 @@ macro(add_filter_test name filter expect) endmacro(add_filter_test) add_filter_test(filter_simple "Foo" 3) +add_filter_test(filter_simple_negative "-Foo" 2) add_filter_test(filter_suffix "BM_.*" 4) +add_filter_test(filter_suffix_negative "-BM_.*" 1) add_filter_test(filter_regex_all ".*" 5) +add_filter_test(filter_regex_all_negative "-.*" 0) add_filter_test(filter_regex_blank "" 5) +add_filter_test(filter_regex_blank_negative "-" 0) add_filter_test(filter_regex_none "monkey" 0) +add_filter_test(filter_regex_none_negative "-monkey" 5) add_filter_test(filter_regex_wildcard ".*Foo.*" 3) +add_filter_test(filter_regex_wildcard_negative "-.*Foo.*" 2) add_filter_test(filter_regex_begin "^BM_.*" 4) +add_filter_test(filter_regex_begin_negative "-^BM_.*" 1) add_filter_test(filter_regex_begin2 "^N" 1) +add_filter_test(filter_regex_begin2_negative "-^N" 4) add_filter_test(filter_regex_end ".*Ba$" 1) +add_filter_test(filter_regex_end_negative "-.*Ba$" 4) compile_benchmark_test(options_test) add_test(options_benchmarks options_test --benchmark_min_time=0.01) @@ -95,9 +113,15 @@ add_test(map_test map_test --benchmark_min_time=0.01) compile_benchmark_test(multiple_ranges_test) add_test(multiple_ranges_test multiple_ranges_test --benchmark_min_time=0.01) +compile_benchmark_test_with_main(link_main_test) +add_test(link_main_test link_main_test --benchmark_min_time=0.01) + compile_output_test(reporter_output_test) add_test(reporter_output_test reporter_output_test --benchmark_min_time=0.01) +compile_output_test(templated_fixture_test) +add_test(templated_fixture_test templated_fixture_test --benchmark_min_time=0.01) + compile_output_test(user_counters_test) add_test(user_counters_test user_counters_test --benchmark_min_time=0.01) @@ -106,13 +130,20 @@ add_test(user_counters_tabular_test user_counters_tabular_test --benchmark_count check_cxx_compiler_flag(-std=c++03 BENCHMARK_HAS_CXX03_FLAG) if (BENCHMARK_HAS_CXX03_FLAG) - set(CXX03_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS}") - string(REPLACE "-std=c++11" "-std=c++03" CXX03_FLAGS "${CXX03_FLAGS}") - string(REPLACE "-std=c++0x" "-std=c++03" CXX03_FLAGS "${CXX03_FLAGS}") - compile_benchmark_test(cxx03_test) set_target_properties(cxx03_test - PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "${CXX03_FLAGS}") + PROPERTIES + COMPILE_FLAGS "-std=c++03") + # libstdc++ provides different definitions within between dialects. When + # LTO is enabled and -Werror is specified GCC diagnoses this ODR violation + # causing the test to fail to compile. To prevent this we explicitly disable + # the warning. + check_cxx_compiler_flag(-Wno-odr BENCHMARK_HAS_WNO_ODR) + if (BENCHMARK_ENABLE_LTO AND BENCHMARK_HAS_WNO_ODR) + set_target_properties(cxx03_test + PROPERTIES + LINK_FLAGS "-Wno-odr") + endif() add_test(cxx03 cxx03_test --benchmark_min_time=0.01) endif() @@ -125,6 +156,52 @@ endif() compile_output_test(complexity_test) add_test(complexity_benchmark complexity_test --benchmark_min_time=${COMPLEXITY_MIN_TIME}) +############################################################################### +# GoogleTest Unit Tests +############################################################################### + +if (BENCHMARK_ENABLE_GTEST_TESTS) + macro(compile_gtest name) + add_executable(${name} "${name}.cc") + if (TARGET googletest) + add_dependencies(${name} googletest) + endif() + if (GTEST_INCLUDE_DIRS) + target_include_directories(${name} PRIVATE ${GTEST_INCLUDE_DIRS}) + endif() + target_link_libraries(${name} benchmark + ${GTEST_BOTH_LIBRARIES} ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT}) + endmacro(compile_gtest) + + macro(add_gtest name) + compile_gtest(${name}) + add_test(${name} ${name}) + endmacro() + + add_gtest(benchmark_gtest) + add_gtest(statistics_gtest) +endif(BENCHMARK_ENABLE_GTEST_TESTS) + +############################################################################### +# Assembly Unit Tests +############################################################################### + +if (BENCHMARK_ENABLE_ASSEMBLY_TESTS) + if (NOT LLVM_FILECHECK_EXE) + message(FATAL_ERROR "LLVM FileCheck is required when including this file") + endif() + include(AssemblyTests.cmake) + add_filecheck_test(donotoptimize_assembly_test) + add_filecheck_test(state_assembly_test) + add_filecheck_test(clobber_memory_assembly_test) +endif() + + + +############################################################################### +# Code Coverage Configuration +############################################################################### + # Add the coverage command(s) if(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE) string(TOLOWER ${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE} CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE_LOWER) diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/basic_test.cc b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/basic_test.cc index bc1f96d..d07fbc0 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/basic_test.cc +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/basic_test.cc @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ #define BASIC_BENCHMARK_TEST(x) BENCHMARK(x)->Arg(8)->Arg(512)->Arg(8192) void BM_empty(benchmark::State& state) { - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { benchmark::DoNotOptimize(state.iterations()); } } @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ BENCHMARK(BM_empty); BENCHMARK(BM_empty)->ThreadPerCpu(); void BM_spin_empty(benchmark::State& state) { - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { for (int x = 0; x < state.range(0); ++x) { benchmark::DoNotOptimize(x); } @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ void BM_spin_pause_before(benchmark::State& state) { for (int i = 0; i < state.range(0); ++i) { benchmark::DoNotOptimize(i); } - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { for (int i = 0; i < state.range(0); ++i) { benchmark::DoNotOptimize(i); } @@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ BASIC_BENCHMARK_TEST(BM_spin_pause_before); BASIC_BENCHMARK_TEST(BM_spin_pause_before)->ThreadPerCpu(); void BM_spin_pause_during(benchmark::State& state) { - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { state.PauseTiming(); for (int i = 0; i < state.range(0); ++i) { benchmark::DoNotOptimize(i); @@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ BASIC_BENCHMARK_TEST(BM_spin_pause_during); BASIC_BENCHMARK_TEST(BM_spin_pause_during)->ThreadPerCpu(); void BM_pause_during(benchmark::State& state) { - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { state.PauseTiming(); state.ResumeTiming(); } @@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ BENCHMARK(BM_pause_during)->UseRealTime(); BENCHMARK(BM_pause_during)->UseRealTime()->ThreadPerCpu(); void BM_spin_pause_after(benchmark::State& state) { - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { for (int i = 0; i < state.range(0); ++i) { benchmark::DoNotOptimize(i); } @@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ void BM_spin_pause_before_and_after(benchmark::State& state) { for (int i = 0; i < state.range(0); ++i) { benchmark::DoNotOptimize(i); } - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { for (int i = 0; i < state.range(0); ++i) { benchmark::DoNotOptimize(i); } @@ -90,10 +90,47 @@ BASIC_BENCHMARK_TEST(BM_spin_pause_before_and_after); BASIC_BENCHMARK_TEST(BM_spin_pause_before_and_after)->ThreadPerCpu(); void BM_empty_stop_start(benchmark::State& state) { - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { } } BENCHMARK(BM_empty_stop_start); BENCHMARK(BM_empty_stop_start)->ThreadPerCpu(); -BENCHMARK_MAIN() + +void BM_KeepRunning(benchmark::State& state) { + size_t iter_count = 0; + assert(iter_count == state.iterations()); + while (state.KeepRunning()) { + ++iter_count; + } + assert(iter_count == state.iterations()); +} +BENCHMARK(BM_KeepRunning); + +void BM_KeepRunningBatch(benchmark::State& state) { + // Choose a prime batch size to avoid evenly dividing max_iterations. + const size_t batch_size = 101; + size_t iter_count = 0; + while (state.KeepRunningBatch(batch_size)) { + iter_count += batch_size; + } + assert(state.iterations() == iter_count); +} +BENCHMARK(BM_KeepRunningBatch); + +void BM_RangedFor(benchmark::State& state) { + size_t iter_count = 0; + for (auto _ : state) { + ++iter_count; + } + assert(iter_count == state.max_iterations); +} +BENCHMARK(BM_RangedFor); + +// Ensure that StateIterator provides all the necessary typedefs required to +// instantiate std::iterator_traits. +static_assert(std::is_same< + typename std::iterator_traits::value_type, + typename benchmark::State::StateIterator::value_type>::value, ""); + +BENCHMARK_MAIN(); diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/benchmark_gtest.cc b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/benchmark_gtest.cc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..10683b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/benchmark_gtest.cc @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +#include + +#include "../src/benchmark_register.h" +#include "gmock/gmock.h" +#include "gtest/gtest.h" + +namespace { + +TEST(AddRangeTest, Simple) { + std::vector dst; + AddRange(&dst, 1, 2, 2); + EXPECT_THAT(dst, testing::ElementsAre(1, 2)); +} + +TEST(AddRangeTest, Simple64) { + std::vector dst; + AddRange(&dst, static_cast(1), static_cast(2), 2); + EXPECT_THAT(dst, testing::ElementsAre(1, 2)); +} + +TEST(AddRangeTest, Advanced) { + std::vector dst; + AddRange(&dst, 5, 15, 2); + EXPECT_THAT(dst, testing::ElementsAre(5, 8, 15)); +} + +TEST(AddRangeTest, Advanced64) { + std::vector dst; + AddRange(&dst, static_cast(5), static_cast(15), 2); + EXPECT_THAT(dst, testing::ElementsAre(5, 8, 15)); +} + +} // end namespace diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/benchmark_test.cc b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/benchmark_test.cc index 7a16466..3cd4f55 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/benchmark_test.cc +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/benchmark_test.cc @@ -40,9 +40,9 @@ double CalculatePi(int depth) { return (pi - 1.0) * 4; } -std::set ConstructRandomSet(int size) { - std::set s; - for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) s.insert(i); +std::set ConstructRandomSet(int64_t size) { + std::set s; + for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) s.insert(s.end(), i); return s; } @@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ std::vector* test_vector = nullptr; static void BM_Factorial(benchmark::State& state) { int fac_42 = 0; - while (state.KeepRunning()) fac_42 = Factorial(8); + for (auto _ : state) fac_42 = Factorial(8); // Prevent compiler optimizations std::stringstream ss; ss << fac_42; @@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ BENCHMARK(BM_Factorial)->UseRealTime(); static void BM_CalculatePiRange(benchmark::State& state) { double pi = 0.0; - while (state.KeepRunning()) pi = CalculatePi(state.range(0)); + for (auto _ : state) pi = CalculatePi(static_cast(state.range(0))); std::stringstream ss; ss << pi; state.SetLabel(ss.str()); @@ -73,8 +73,8 @@ BENCHMARK_RANGE(BM_CalculatePiRange, 1, 1024 * 1024); static void BM_CalculatePi(benchmark::State& state) { static const int depth = 1024; - while (state.KeepRunning()) { - benchmark::DoNotOptimize(CalculatePi(depth)); + for (auto _ : state) { + benchmark::DoNotOptimize(CalculatePi(static_cast(depth))); } } BENCHMARK(BM_CalculatePi)->Threads(8); @@ -82,26 +82,30 @@ BENCHMARK(BM_CalculatePi)->ThreadRange(1, 32); BENCHMARK(BM_CalculatePi)->ThreadPerCpu(); static void BM_SetInsert(benchmark::State& state) { - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + std::set data; + for (auto _ : state) { state.PauseTiming(); - std::set data = ConstructRandomSet(state.range(0)); + data = ConstructRandomSet(state.range(0)); state.ResumeTiming(); for (int j = 0; j < state.range(1); ++j) data.insert(rand()); } state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * state.range(1)); state.SetBytesProcessed(state.iterations() * state.range(1) * sizeof(int)); } -BENCHMARK(BM_SetInsert)->Ranges({{1 << 10, 8 << 10}, {1, 10}}); + +// Test many inserts at once to reduce the total iterations needed. Otherwise, the slower, +// non-timed part of each iteration will make the benchmark take forever. +BENCHMARK(BM_SetInsert)->Ranges({{1 << 10, 8 << 10}, {128, 512}}); template static void BM_Sequential(benchmark::State& state) { ValueType v = 42; - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { Container c; - for (int i = state.range(0); --i;) c.push_back(v); + for (int64_t i = state.range(0); --i;) c.push_back(v); } - const size_t items_processed = state.iterations() * state.range(0); + const int64_t items_processed = state.iterations() * state.range(0); state.SetItemsProcessed(items_processed); state.SetBytesProcessed(items_processed * sizeof(v)); } @@ -109,14 +113,15 @@ BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE2(BM_Sequential, std::vector, int) ->Range(1 << 0, 1 << 10); BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_Sequential, std::list)->Range(1 << 0, 1 << 10); // Test the variadic version of BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE in C++11 and beyond. -#if __cplusplus >= 201103L +#ifdef BENCHMARK_HAS_CXX11 BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_Sequential, std::vector, int)->Arg(512); #endif static void BM_StringCompare(benchmark::State& state) { - std::string s1(state.range(0), '-'); - std::string s2(state.range(0), '-'); - while (state.KeepRunning()) benchmark::DoNotOptimize(s1.compare(s2)); + size_t len = static_cast(state.range(0)); + std::string s1(len, '-'); + std::string s2(len, '-'); + for (auto _ : state) benchmark::DoNotOptimize(s1.compare(s2)); } BENCHMARK(BM_StringCompare)->Range(1, 1 << 20); @@ -126,7 +131,7 @@ static void BM_SetupTeardown(benchmark::State& state) { test_vector = new std::vector(); } int i = 0; - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { std::lock_guard l(test_vector_mu); if (i % 2 == 0) test_vector->push_back(i); @@ -142,7 +147,7 @@ BENCHMARK(BM_SetupTeardown)->ThreadPerCpu(); static void BM_LongTest(benchmark::State& state) { double tracker = 0.0; - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { for (int i = 0; i < state.range(0); ++i) benchmark::DoNotOptimize(tracker += i); } @@ -150,16 +155,16 @@ static void BM_LongTest(benchmark::State& state) { BENCHMARK(BM_LongTest)->Range(1 << 16, 1 << 28); static void BM_ParallelMemset(benchmark::State& state) { - int size = state.range(0) / static_cast(sizeof(int)); - int thread_size = size / state.threads; + int64_t size = state.range(0) / static_cast(sizeof(int)); + int thread_size = static_cast(size) / state.threads; int from = thread_size * state.thread_index; int to = from + thread_size; if (state.thread_index == 0) { - test_vector = new std::vector(size); + test_vector = new std::vector(static_cast(size)); } - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { for (int i = from; i < to; i++) { // No need to lock test_vector_mu as ranges // do not overlap between threads. @@ -174,12 +179,12 @@ static void BM_ParallelMemset(benchmark::State& state) { BENCHMARK(BM_ParallelMemset)->Arg(10 << 20)->ThreadRange(1, 4); static void BM_ManualTiming(benchmark::State& state) { - size_t slept_for = 0; - int microseconds = state.range(0); + int64_t slept_for = 0; + int64_t microseconds = state.range(0); std::chrono::duration sleep_duration{ static_cast(microseconds)}; - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { auto start = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now(); // Simulate some useful workload with a sleep std::this_thread::sleep_for( @@ -197,11 +202,11 @@ static void BM_ManualTiming(benchmark::State& state) { BENCHMARK(BM_ManualTiming)->Range(1, 1 << 14)->UseRealTime(); BENCHMARK(BM_ManualTiming)->Range(1, 1 << 14)->UseManualTime(); -#if __cplusplus >= 201103L +#ifdef BENCHMARK_HAS_CXX11 template void BM_with_args(benchmark::State& state, Args&&...) { - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { } } BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(BM_with_args, int_test, 42, 43, 44); @@ -213,7 +218,7 @@ void BM_non_template_args(benchmark::State& state, int, double) { } BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(BM_non_template_args, basic_test, 0, 0); -#endif // __cplusplus >= 201103L +#endif // BENCHMARK_HAS_CXX11 static void BM_DenseThreadRanges(benchmark::State& st) { switch (st.range(0)) { @@ -237,4 +242,4 @@ BENCHMARK(BM_DenseThreadRanges)->Arg(1)->DenseThreadRange(1, 3); BENCHMARK(BM_DenseThreadRanges)->Arg(2)->DenseThreadRange(1, 4, 2); BENCHMARK(BM_DenseThreadRanges)->Arg(3)->DenseThreadRange(5, 14, 3); -BENCHMARK_MAIN() +BENCHMARK_MAIN(); diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/clobber_memory_assembly_test.cc b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/clobber_memory_assembly_test.cc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f41911a --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/clobber_memory_assembly_test.cc @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +#include + +#ifdef __clang__ +#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wreturn-type" +#endif + +extern "C" { + +extern int ExternInt; +extern int ExternInt2; +extern int ExternInt3; + +} + +// CHECK-LABEL: test_basic: +extern "C" void test_basic() { + int x; + benchmark::DoNotOptimize(&x); + x = 101; + benchmark::ClobberMemory(); + // CHECK: leaq [[DEST:[^,]+]], %rax + // CHECK: movl $101, [[DEST]] + // CHECK: ret +} + +// CHECK-LABEL: test_redundant_store: +extern "C" void test_redundant_store() { + ExternInt = 3; + benchmark::ClobberMemory(); + ExternInt = 51; + // CHECK-DAG: ExternInt + // CHECK-DAG: movl $3 + // CHECK: movl $51 +} + +// CHECK-LABEL: test_redundant_read: +extern "C" void test_redundant_read() { + int x; + benchmark::DoNotOptimize(&x); + x = ExternInt; + benchmark::ClobberMemory(); + x = ExternInt2; + // CHECK: leaq [[DEST:[^,]+]], %rax + // CHECK: ExternInt(%rip) + // CHECK: movl %eax, [[DEST]] + // CHECK-NOT: ExternInt2 + // CHECK: ret +} + +// CHECK-LABEL: test_redundant_read2: +extern "C" void test_redundant_read2() { + int x; + benchmark::DoNotOptimize(&x); + x = ExternInt; + benchmark::ClobberMemory(); + x = ExternInt2; + benchmark::ClobberMemory(); + // CHECK: leaq [[DEST:[^,]+]], %rax + // CHECK: ExternInt(%rip) + // CHECK: movl %eax, [[DEST]] + // CHECK: ExternInt2(%rip) + // CHECK: movl %eax, [[DEST]] + // CHECK: ret +} diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/complexity_test.cc b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/complexity_test.cc index 62d1154..ab83286 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/complexity_test.cc +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/complexity_test.cc @@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ int AddComplexityTest(std::string big_o_test_name, std::string rms_test_name, {"^%bigo_name", MR_Not}, // Assert we we didn't only matched a name. {"^%rms_name %rms %rms[ ]*$", MR_Next}}); AddCases(TC_JSONOut, {{"\"name\": \"%bigo_name\",$"}, - {"\"cpu_coefficient\": [0-9]+,$", MR_Next}, - {"\"real_coefficient\": [0-9]{1,5},$", MR_Next}, + {"\"cpu_coefficient\": %float,$", MR_Next}, + {"\"real_coefficient\": %float,$", MR_Next}, {"\"big_o\": \"%bigo\",$", MR_Next}, {"\"time_unit\": \"ns\"$", MR_Next}, {"}", MR_Next}, @@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ int AddComplexityTest(std::string big_o_test_name, std::string rms_test_name, // ========================================================================= // void BM_Complexity_O1(benchmark::State& state) { - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { for (int i = 0; i < 1024; ++i) { benchmark::DoNotOptimize(&i); } @@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ void BM_Complexity_O1(benchmark::State& state) { } BENCHMARK(BM_Complexity_O1)->Range(1, 1 << 18)->Complexity(benchmark::o1); BENCHMARK(BM_Complexity_O1)->Range(1, 1 << 18)->Complexity(); -BENCHMARK(BM_Complexity_O1)->Range(1, 1 << 18)->Complexity([](int) { +BENCHMARK(BM_Complexity_O1)->Range(1, 1 << 18)->Complexity([](int64_t) { return 1.0; }); @@ -81,9 +81,9 @@ ADD_COMPLEXITY_CASES(big_o_1_test_name, rms_o_1_test_name, lambda_big_o_1); // --------------------------- Testing BigO O(N) --------------------------- // // ========================================================================= // -std::vector ConstructRandomVector(int size) { +std::vector ConstructRandomVector(int64_t size) { std::vector v; - v.reserve(size); + v.reserve(static_cast(size)); for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) { v.push_back(std::rand() % size); } @@ -92,9 +92,9 @@ std::vector ConstructRandomVector(int size) { void BM_Complexity_O_N(benchmark::State& state) { auto v = ConstructRandomVector(state.range(0)); - const int item_not_in_vector = - state.range(0) * 2; // Test worst case scenario (item not in vector) - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + // Test worst case scenario (item not in vector) + const int64_t item_not_in_vector = state.range(0) * 2; + for (auto _ : state) { benchmark::DoNotOptimize(std::find(v.begin(), v.end(), item_not_in_vector)); } state.SetComplexityN(state.range(0)); @@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ BENCHMARK(BM_Complexity_O_N) BENCHMARK(BM_Complexity_O_N) ->RangeMultiplier(2) ->Range(1 << 10, 1 << 16) - ->Complexity([](int n) -> double { return n; }); + ->Complexity([](int64_t n) -> double { return n; }); BENCHMARK(BM_Complexity_O_N) ->RangeMultiplier(2) ->Range(1 << 10, 1 << 16) @@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ ADD_COMPLEXITY_CASES(big_o_n_test_name, rms_o_n_test_name, lambda_big_o_n); static void BM_Complexity_O_N_log_N(benchmark::State& state) { auto v = ConstructRandomVector(state.range(0)); - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { std::sort(v.begin(), v.end()); } state.SetComplexityN(state.range(0)); @@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ BENCHMARK(BM_Complexity_O_N_log_N) BENCHMARK(BM_Complexity_O_N_log_N) ->RangeMultiplier(2) ->Range(1 << 10, 1 << 16) - ->Complexity([](int n) { return n * log2(n); }); + ->Complexity([](int64_t n) { return n * log2(n); }); BENCHMARK(BM_Complexity_O_N_log_N) ->RangeMultiplier(2) ->Range(1 << 10, 1 << 16) diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/cxx03_test.cc b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/cxx03_test.cc index a79d964..baa9ed9 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/cxx03_test.cc +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/cxx03_test.cc @@ -8,6 +8,10 @@ #error C++11 or greater detected. Should be C++03. #endif +#ifdef BENCHMARK_HAS_CXX11 +#error C++11 or greater detected by the library. BENCHMARK_HAS_CXX11 is defined. +#endif + void BM_empty(benchmark::State& state) { while (state.KeepRunning()) { volatile std::size_t x = state.iterations(); @@ -39,10 +43,21 @@ void BM_template1(benchmark::State& state) { BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_template1, long); BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE1(BM_template1, int); +template +struct BM_Fixture : public ::benchmark::Fixture { +}; + +BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE_F(BM_Fixture, BM_template1, long)(benchmark::State& state) { + BM_empty(state); +} +BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE1_F(BM_Fixture, BM_template2, int)(benchmark::State& state) { + BM_empty(state); +} + void BM_counters(benchmark::State& state) { BM_empty(state); state.counters["Foo"] = 2; } BENCHMARK(BM_counters); -BENCHMARK_MAIN() +BENCHMARK_MAIN(); diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/diagnostics_test.cc b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/diagnostics_test.cc index 7aac806..dd64a33 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/diagnostics_test.cc +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/diagnostics_test.cc @@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ void BM_diagnostic_test(benchmark::State& state) { if (called_once == false) try_invalid_pause_resume(state); - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { benchmark::DoNotOptimize(state.iterations()); } @@ -57,6 +57,22 @@ void BM_diagnostic_test(benchmark::State& state) { } BENCHMARK(BM_diagnostic_test); + +void BM_diagnostic_test_keep_running(benchmark::State& state) { + static bool called_once = false; + + if (called_once == false) try_invalid_pause_resume(state); + + while(state.KeepRunning()) { + benchmark::DoNotOptimize(state.iterations()); + } + + if (called_once == false) try_invalid_pause_resume(state); + + called_once = true; +} +BENCHMARK(BM_diagnostic_test_keep_running); + int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { benchmark::internal::GetAbortHandler() = &TestHandler; benchmark::Initialize(&argc, argv); diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/donotoptimize_assembly_test.cc b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/donotoptimize_assembly_test.cc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d4b0bab --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/donotoptimize_assembly_test.cc @@ -0,0 +1,163 @@ +#include + +#ifdef __clang__ +#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wreturn-type" +#endif + +extern "C" { + +extern int ExternInt; +extern int ExternInt2; +extern int ExternInt3; + +inline int Add42(int x) { return x + 42; } + +struct NotTriviallyCopyable { + NotTriviallyCopyable(); + explicit NotTriviallyCopyable(int x) : value(x) {} + NotTriviallyCopyable(NotTriviallyCopyable const&); + int value; +}; + +struct Large { + int value; + int data[2]; +}; + +} +// CHECK-LABEL: test_with_rvalue: +extern "C" void test_with_rvalue() { + benchmark::DoNotOptimize(Add42(0)); + // CHECK: movl $42, %eax + // CHECK: ret +} + +// CHECK-LABEL: test_with_large_rvalue: +extern "C" void test_with_large_rvalue() { + benchmark::DoNotOptimize(Large{ExternInt, {ExternInt, ExternInt}}); + // CHECK: ExternInt(%rip) + // CHECK: movl %eax, -{{[0-9]+}}(%[[REG:[a-z]+]] + // CHECK: movl %eax, -{{[0-9]+}}(%[[REG]]) + // CHECK: movl %eax, -{{[0-9]+}}(%[[REG]]) + // CHECK: ret +} + +// CHECK-LABEL: test_with_non_trivial_rvalue: +extern "C" void test_with_non_trivial_rvalue() { + benchmark::DoNotOptimize(NotTriviallyCopyable(ExternInt)); + // CHECK: mov{{l|q}} ExternInt(%rip) + // CHECK: ret +} + +// CHECK-LABEL: test_with_lvalue: +extern "C" void test_with_lvalue() { + int x = 101; + benchmark::DoNotOptimize(x); + // CHECK-GNU: movl $101, %eax + // CHECK-CLANG: movl $101, -{{[0-9]+}}(%[[REG:[a-z]+]]) + // CHECK: ret +} + +// CHECK-LABEL: test_with_large_lvalue: +extern "C" void test_with_large_lvalue() { + Large L{ExternInt, {ExternInt, ExternInt}}; + benchmark::DoNotOptimize(L); + // CHECK: ExternInt(%rip) + // CHECK: movl %eax, -{{[0-9]+}}(%[[REG:[a-z]+]]) + // CHECK: movl %eax, -{{[0-9]+}}(%[[REG]]) + // CHECK: movl %eax, -{{[0-9]+}}(%[[REG]]) + // CHECK: ret +} + +// CHECK-LABEL: test_with_non_trivial_lvalue: +extern "C" void test_with_non_trivial_lvalue() { + NotTriviallyCopyable NTC(ExternInt); + benchmark::DoNotOptimize(NTC); + // CHECK: ExternInt(%rip) + // CHECK: movl %eax, -{{[0-9]+}}(%[[REG:[a-z]+]]) + // CHECK: ret +} + +// CHECK-LABEL: test_with_const_lvalue: +extern "C" void test_with_const_lvalue() { + const int x = 123; + benchmark::DoNotOptimize(x); + // CHECK: movl $123, %eax + // CHECK: ret +} + +// CHECK-LABEL: test_with_large_const_lvalue: +extern "C" void test_with_large_const_lvalue() { + const Large L{ExternInt, {ExternInt, ExternInt}}; + benchmark::DoNotOptimize(L); + // CHECK: ExternInt(%rip) + // CHECK: movl %eax, -{{[0-9]+}}(%[[REG:[a-z]+]]) + // CHECK: movl %eax, -{{[0-9]+}}(%[[REG]]) + // CHECK: movl %eax, -{{[0-9]+}}(%[[REG]]) + // CHECK: ret +} + +// CHECK-LABEL: test_with_non_trivial_const_lvalue: +extern "C" void test_with_non_trivial_const_lvalue() { + const NotTriviallyCopyable Obj(ExternInt); + benchmark::DoNotOptimize(Obj); + // CHECK: mov{{q|l}} ExternInt(%rip) + // CHECK: ret +} + +// CHECK-LABEL: test_div_by_two: +extern "C" int test_div_by_two(int input) { + int divisor = 2; + benchmark::DoNotOptimize(divisor); + return input / divisor; + // CHECK: movl $2, [[DEST:.*]] + // CHECK: idivl [[DEST]] + // CHECK: ret +} + +// CHECK-LABEL: test_inc_integer: +extern "C" int test_inc_integer() { + int x = 0; + for (int i=0; i < 5; ++i) + benchmark::DoNotOptimize(++x); + // CHECK: movl $1, [[DEST:.*]] + // CHECK: {{(addl \$1,|incl)}} [[DEST]] + // CHECK: {{(addl \$1,|incl)}} [[DEST]] + // CHECK: {{(addl \$1,|incl)}} [[DEST]] + // CHECK: {{(addl \$1,|incl)}} [[DEST]] + // CHECK-CLANG: movl [[DEST]], %eax + // CHECK: ret + return x; +} + +// CHECK-LABEL: test_pointer_rvalue +extern "C" void test_pointer_rvalue() { + // CHECK: movl $42, [[DEST:.*]] + // CHECK: leaq [[DEST]], %rax + // CHECK-CLANG: movq %rax, -{{[0-9]+}}(%[[REG:[a-z]+]]) + // CHECK: ret + int x = 42; + benchmark::DoNotOptimize(&x); +} + +// CHECK-LABEL: test_pointer_const_lvalue: +extern "C" void test_pointer_const_lvalue() { + // CHECK: movl $42, [[DEST:.*]] + // CHECK: leaq [[DEST]], %rax + // CHECK-CLANG: movq %rax, -{{[0-9]+}}(%[[REG:[a-z]+]]) + // CHECK: ret + int x = 42; + int * const xp = &x; + benchmark::DoNotOptimize(xp); +} + +// CHECK-LABEL: test_pointer_lvalue: +extern "C" void test_pointer_lvalue() { + // CHECK: movl $42, [[DEST:.*]] + // CHECK: leaq [[DEST]], %rax + // CHECK-CLANG: movq %rax, -{{[0-9]+}}(%[[REG:[a-z+]+]]) + // CHECK: ret + int x = 42; + int *xp = &x; + benchmark::DoNotOptimize(xp); +} diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/donotoptimize_test.cc b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/donotoptimize_test.cc index a705654..2ce92d1 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/donotoptimize_test.cc +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/donotoptimize_test.cc @@ -28,13 +28,13 @@ private: int main(int, char*[]) { // this test verifies compilation of DoNotOptimize() for some types - char buffer8[8]; + char buffer8[8] = ""; benchmark::DoNotOptimize(buffer8); - char buffer20[20]; + char buffer20[20] = ""; benchmark::DoNotOptimize(buffer20); - char buffer1024[1024]; + char buffer1024[1024] = ""; benchmark::DoNotOptimize(buffer1024); benchmark::DoNotOptimize(&buffer1024[0]); diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/filter_test.cc b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/filter_test.cc index 3a20529..0e27065 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/filter_test.cc +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/filter_test.cc @@ -36,31 +36,31 @@ class TestReporter : public benchmark::ConsoleReporter { } // end namespace static void NoPrefix(benchmark::State& state) { - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { } } BENCHMARK(NoPrefix); static void BM_Foo(benchmark::State& state) { - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { } } BENCHMARK(BM_Foo); static void BM_Bar(benchmark::State& state) { - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { } } BENCHMARK(BM_Bar); static void BM_FooBar(benchmark::State& state) { - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { } } BENCHMARK(BM_FooBar); static void BM_FooBa(benchmark::State& state) { - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { } } BENCHMARK(BM_FooBa); diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/fixture_test.cc b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/fixture_test.cc index bbc2f95..1462b10 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/fixture_test.cc +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/fixture_test.cc @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ class MyFixture : public ::benchmark::Fixture { BENCHMARK_F(MyFixture, Foo)(benchmark::State &st) { assert(data.get() != nullptr); assert(*data == 42); - while (st.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : st) { } } @@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ BENCHMARK_DEFINE_F(MyFixture, Bar)(benchmark::State& st) { assert(data.get() != nullptr); assert(*data == 42); } - while (st.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : st) { assert(data.get() != nullptr); assert(*data == 42); } @@ -46,4 +46,4 @@ BENCHMARK_DEFINE_F(MyFixture, Bar)(benchmark::State& st) { BENCHMARK_REGISTER_F(MyFixture, Bar)->Arg(42); BENCHMARK_REGISTER_F(MyFixture, Bar)->Arg(42)->ThreadPerCpu(); -BENCHMARK_MAIN() +BENCHMARK_MAIN(); diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/link_main_test.cc b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/link_main_test.cc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..241ad5c --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/link_main_test.cc @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +#include "benchmark/benchmark.h" + +void BM_empty(benchmark::State& state) { + for (auto _ : state) { + benchmark::DoNotOptimize(state.iterations()); + } +} +BENCHMARK(BM_empty); diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/map_test.cc b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/map_test.cc index 83457c9..dbf7982 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/map_test.cc +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/map_test.cc @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ namespace { std::map ConstructRandomMap(int size) { std::map m; for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) { - m.insert(std::make_pair(rand() % size, rand() % size)); + m.insert(std::make_pair(std::rand() % size, std::rand() % size)); } return m; } @@ -17,13 +17,14 @@ std::map ConstructRandomMap(int size) { // Basic version. static void BM_MapLookup(benchmark::State& state) { - const int size = state.range(0); - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + const int size = static_cast(state.range(0)); + std::map m; + for (auto _ : state) { state.PauseTiming(); - std::map m = ConstructRandomMap(size); + m = ConstructRandomMap(size); state.ResumeTiming(); for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) { - benchmark::DoNotOptimize(m.find(rand() % size)); + benchmark::DoNotOptimize(m.find(std::rand() % size)); } } state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * size); @@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ BENCHMARK(BM_MapLookup)->Range(1 << 3, 1 << 12); class MapFixture : public ::benchmark::Fixture { public: void SetUp(const ::benchmark::State& st) { - m = ConstructRandomMap(st.range(0)); + m = ConstructRandomMap(static_cast(st.range(0))); } void TearDown(const ::benchmark::State&) { m.clear(); } @@ -43,14 +44,14 @@ class MapFixture : public ::benchmark::Fixture { }; BENCHMARK_DEFINE_F(MapFixture, Lookup)(benchmark::State& state) { - const int size = state.range(0); - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + const int size = static_cast(state.range(0)); + for (auto _ : state) { for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) { - benchmark::DoNotOptimize(m.find(rand() % size)); + benchmark::DoNotOptimize(m.find(std::rand() % size)); } } state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * size); } BENCHMARK_REGISTER_F(MapFixture, Lookup)->Range(1 << 3, 1 << 12); -BENCHMARK_MAIN() +BENCHMARK_MAIN(); diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/multiple_ranges_test.cc b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/multiple_ranges_test.cc index 8e67b3b..c64acab 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/multiple_ranges_test.cc +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/multiple_ranges_test.cc @@ -1,7 +1,9 @@ #include "benchmark/benchmark.h" #include +#include #include +#include class MultipleRangesFixture : public ::benchmark::Fixture { public: @@ -27,25 +29,46 @@ class MultipleRangesFixture : public ::benchmark::Fixture { {7, 6, 3}}) {} void SetUp(const ::benchmark::State& state) { - std::vector ranges = {state.range(0), state.range(1), state.range(2)}; + std::vector ranges = {state.range(0), state.range(1), + state.range(2)}; assert(expectedValues.find(ranges) != expectedValues.end()); actualValues.insert(ranges); } + // NOTE: This is not TearDown as we want to check after _all_ runs are + // complete. virtual ~MultipleRangesFixture() { assert(actualValues.size() == expectedValues.size()); + if (actualValues.size() != expectedValues.size()) { + std::cout << "EXPECTED\n"; + for (auto v : expectedValues) { + std::cout << "{"; + for (int64_t iv : v) { + std::cout << iv << ", "; + } + std::cout << "}\n"; + } + std::cout << "ACTUAL\n"; + for (auto v : actualValues) { + std::cout << "{"; + for (int64_t iv : v) { + std::cout << iv << ", "; + } + std::cout << "}\n"; + } + } } - std::set> expectedValues; - std::set> actualValues; + std::set> expectedValues; + std::set> actualValues; }; BENCHMARK_DEFINE_F(MultipleRangesFixture, Empty)(benchmark::State& state) { - while (state.KeepRunning()) { - int product = state.range(0) * state.range(1) * state.range(2); - for (int x = 0; x < product; x++) { + for (auto _ : state) { + int64_t product = state.range(0) * state.range(1) * state.range(2); + for (int64_t x = 0; x < product; x++) { benchmark::DoNotOptimize(x); } } @@ -60,15 +83,15 @@ void BM_CheckDefaultArgument(benchmark::State& state) { // Test that the 'range()' without an argument is the same as 'range(0)'. assert(state.range() == state.range(0)); assert(state.range() != state.range(1)); - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { } } BENCHMARK(BM_CheckDefaultArgument)->Ranges({{1, 5}, {6, 10}}); static void BM_MultipleRanges(benchmark::State& st) { - while (st.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : st) { } } BENCHMARK(BM_MultipleRanges)->Ranges({{5, 5}, {6, 6}}); -BENCHMARK_MAIN() +BENCHMARK_MAIN(); diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/options_test.cc b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/options_test.cc index 8eac068..fdec691 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/options_test.cc +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/options_test.cc @@ -8,13 +8,13 @@ #include void BM_basic(benchmark::State& state) { - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { } } void BM_basic_slow(benchmark::State& state) { std::chrono::milliseconds sleep_duration(state.range(0)); - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { std::this_thread::sleep_for( std::chrono::duration_cast(sleep_duration)); } @@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ void CustomArgs(benchmark::internal::Benchmark* b) { BENCHMARK(BM_basic)->Apply(CustomArgs); -void BM_explicit_iteration_count(benchmark::State& st) { +void BM_explicit_iteration_count(benchmark::State& state) { // Test that benchmarks specified with an explicit iteration count are // only run once. static bool invoked_before = false; @@ -52,14 +52,14 @@ void BM_explicit_iteration_count(benchmark::State& st) { invoked_before = true; // Test that the requested iteration count is respected. - assert(st.max_iterations == 42); + assert(state.max_iterations == 42); size_t actual_iterations = 0; - while (st.KeepRunning()) + for (auto _ : state) ++actual_iterations; - assert(st.iterations() == st.max_iterations); - assert(st.iterations() == 42); + assert(state.iterations() == state.max_iterations); + assert(state.iterations() == 42); } BENCHMARK(BM_explicit_iteration_count)->Iterations(42); -BENCHMARK_MAIN() +BENCHMARK_MAIN(); diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/output_test_helper.cc b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/output_test_helper.cc index 24746f6..6b18fe4 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/output_test_helper.cc +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/output_test_helper.cc @@ -40,8 +40,8 @@ SubMap& GetSubstitutions() { {"%hrfloat", "[0-9]*[.]?[0-9]+([eE][-+][0-9]+)?[kMGTPEZYmunpfazy]?"}, {"%int", "[ ]*[0-9]+"}, {" %s ", "[ ]+"}, - {"%time", "[ ]*[0-9]{1,5} ns"}, - {"%console_report", "[ ]*[0-9]{1,5} ns [ ]*[0-9]{1,5} ns [ ]*[0-9]+"}, + {"%time", "[ ]*[0-9]{1,6} ns"}, + {"%console_report", "[ ]*[0-9]{1,6} ns [ ]*[0-9]{1,6} ns [ ]*[0-9]+"}, {"%console_us_report", "[ ]*[0-9] us [ ]*[0-9] us [ ]*[0-9]+"}, {"%csv_header", "name,iterations,real_time,cpu_time,time_unit,bytes_per_second," diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/register_benchmark_test.cc b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/register_benchmark_test.cc index 2769b7a..8ab2c29 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/register_benchmark_test.cc +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/register_benchmark_test.cc @@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ typedef benchmark::internal::Benchmark* ReturnVal; // Test RegisterBenchmark with no additional arguments //----------------------------------------------------------------------------// void BM_function(benchmark::State& state) { - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { } } BENCHMARK(BM_function); @@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ ADD_CASES({"BM_function"}, {"BM_function_manual_registration"}); #ifndef BENCHMARK_HAS_NO_VARIADIC_REGISTER_BENCHMARK void BM_extra_args(benchmark::State& st, const char* label) { - while (st.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : st) { } st.SetLabel(label); } @@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ ADD_CASES({"test1", "One"}, {"test2", "Two"}, {"test3", "Three"}); struct CustomFixture { void operator()(benchmark::State& st) { - while (st.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : st) { } } }; @@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ void TestRegistrationAtRuntime() { { const char* x = "42"; auto capturing_lam = [=](benchmark::State& st) { - while (st.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : st) { } st.SetLabel(x); }; diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/reporter_output_test.cc b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/reporter_output_test.cc index 4a48143..23eb1ba 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/reporter_output_test.cc +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/reporter_output_test.cc @@ -13,6 +13,43 @@ ADD_CASES(TC_ConsoleOut, {{"^[-]+$", MR_Next}, {"^Benchmark %s Time %s CPU %s Iterations$", MR_Next}, {"^[-]+$", MR_Next}}); +static int AddContextCases() { + AddCases(TC_ConsoleErr, + { + {"%int[-/]%int[-/]%int %int:%int:%int$", MR_Default}, + {"Running .*/reporter_output_test(\\.exe)?$", MR_Next}, + {"Run on \\(%int X %float MHz CPU s\\)", MR_Next}, + }); + AddCases(TC_JSONOut, {{"^\\{", MR_Default}, + {"\"context\":", MR_Next}, + {"\"date\": \"", MR_Next}, + {"\"executable\": \".*/reporter_output_test(\\.exe)?\",", MR_Next}, + {"\"num_cpus\": %int,$", MR_Next}, + {"\"mhz_per_cpu\": %float,$", MR_Next}, + {"\"cpu_scaling_enabled\": ", MR_Next}, + {"\"caches\": \\[$", MR_Next}}); + auto const& Caches = benchmark::CPUInfo::Get().caches; + if (!Caches.empty()) { + AddCases(TC_ConsoleErr, {{"CPU Caches:$", MR_Next}}); + } + for (size_t I = 0; I < Caches.size(); ++I) { + std::string num_caches_str = + Caches[I].num_sharing != 0 ? " \\(x%int\\)$" : "$"; + AddCases( + TC_ConsoleErr, + {{"L%int (Data|Instruction|Unified) %intK" + num_caches_str, MR_Next}}); + AddCases(TC_JSONOut, {{"\\{$", MR_Next}, + {"\"type\": \"", MR_Next}, + {"\"level\": %int,$", MR_Next}, + {"\"size\": %int,$", MR_Next}, + {"\"num_sharing\": %int$", MR_Next}, + {"}[,]{0,1}$", MR_Next}}); + } + + AddCases(TC_JSONOut, {{"],$"}}); + return 0; +} +int dummy_register = AddContextCases(); ADD_CASES(TC_CSVOut, {{"%csv_header"}}); // ========================================================================= // @@ -20,7 +57,7 @@ ADD_CASES(TC_CSVOut, {{"%csv_header"}}); // ========================================================================= // void BM_basic(benchmark::State& state) { - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { } } BENCHMARK(BM_basic); @@ -28,8 +65,8 @@ BENCHMARK(BM_basic); ADD_CASES(TC_ConsoleOut, {{"^BM_basic %console_report$"}}); ADD_CASES(TC_JSONOut, {{"\"name\": \"BM_basic\",$"}, {"\"iterations\": %int,$", MR_Next}, - {"\"real_time\": %int,$", MR_Next}, - {"\"cpu_time\": %int,$", MR_Next}, + {"\"real_time\": %float,$", MR_Next}, + {"\"cpu_time\": %float,$", MR_Next}, {"\"time_unit\": \"ns\"$", MR_Next}, {"}", MR_Next}}); ADD_CASES(TC_CSVOut, {{"^\"BM_basic\",%csv_report$"}}); @@ -39,20 +76,20 @@ ADD_CASES(TC_CSVOut, {{"^\"BM_basic\",%csv_report$"}}); // ========================================================================= // void BM_bytes_per_second(benchmark::State& state) { - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { } state.SetBytesProcessed(1); } BENCHMARK(BM_bytes_per_second); ADD_CASES(TC_ConsoleOut, - {{"^BM_bytes_per_second %console_report +%floatB/s$"}}); + {{"^BM_bytes_per_second %console_report +%float[kM]{0,1}B/s$"}}); ADD_CASES(TC_JSONOut, {{"\"name\": \"BM_bytes_per_second\",$"}, {"\"iterations\": %int,$", MR_Next}, - {"\"real_time\": %int,$", MR_Next}, - {"\"cpu_time\": %int,$", MR_Next}, + {"\"real_time\": %float,$", MR_Next}, + {"\"cpu_time\": %float,$", MR_Next}, {"\"time_unit\": \"ns\",$", MR_Next}, - {"\"bytes_per_second\": %int$", MR_Next}, + {"\"bytes_per_second\": %float$", MR_Next}, {"}", MR_Next}}); ADD_CASES(TC_CSVOut, {{"^\"BM_bytes_per_second\",%csv_bytes_report$"}}); @@ -61,20 +98,20 @@ ADD_CASES(TC_CSVOut, {{"^\"BM_bytes_per_second\",%csv_bytes_report$"}}); // ========================================================================= // void BM_items_per_second(benchmark::State& state) { - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { } state.SetItemsProcessed(1); } BENCHMARK(BM_items_per_second); ADD_CASES(TC_ConsoleOut, - {{"^BM_items_per_second %console_report +%float items/s$"}}); + {{"^BM_items_per_second %console_report +%float[kM]{0,1} items/s$"}}); ADD_CASES(TC_JSONOut, {{"\"name\": \"BM_items_per_second\",$"}, {"\"iterations\": %int,$", MR_Next}, - {"\"real_time\": %int,$", MR_Next}, - {"\"cpu_time\": %int,$", MR_Next}, + {"\"real_time\": %float,$", MR_Next}, + {"\"cpu_time\": %float,$", MR_Next}, {"\"time_unit\": \"ns\",$", MR_Next}, - {"\"items_per_second\": %int$", MR_Next}, + {"\"items_per_second\": %float$", MR_Next}, {"}", MR_Next}}); ADD_CASES(TC_CSVOut, {{"^\"BM_items_per_second\",%csv_items_report$"}}); @@ -83,7 +120,7 @@ ADD_CASES(TC_CSVOut, {{"^\"BM_items_per_second\",%csv_items_report$"}}); // ========================================================================= // void BM_label(benchmark::State& state) { - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { } state.SetLabel("some label"); } @@ -92,8 +129,8 @@ BENCHMARK(BM_label); ADD_CASES(TC_ConsoleOut, {{"^BM_label %console_report some label$"}}); ADD_CASES(TC_JSONOut, {{"\"name\": \"BM_label\",$"}, {"\"iterations\": %int,$", MR_Next}, - {"\"real_time\": %int,$", MR_Next}, - {"\"cpu_time\": %int,$", MR_Next}, + {"\"real_time\": %float,$", MR_Next}, + {"\"cpu_time\": %float,$", MR_Next}, {"\"time_unit\": \"ns\",$", MR_Next}, {"\"label\": \"some label\"$", MR_Next}, {"}", MR_Next}}); @@ -106,7 +143,7 @@ ADD_CASES(TC_CSVOut, {{"^\"BM_label\",%csv_label_report_begin\"some " void BM_error(benchmark::State& state) { state.SkipWithError("message"); - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { } } BENCHMARK(BM_error); @@ -123,7 +160,7 @@ ADD_CASES(TC_CSVOut, {{"^\"BM_error\",,,,,,,,true,\"message\"$"}}); // ========================================================================= // void BM_no_arg_name(benchmark::State& state) { - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { } } BENCHMARK(BM_no_arg_name)->Arg(3); @@ -136,7 +173,7 @@ ADD_CASES(TC_CSVOut, {{"^\"BM_no_arg_name/3\",%csv_report$"}}); // ========================================================================= // void BM_arg_name(benchmark::State& state) { - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { } } BENCHMARK(BM_arg_name)->ArgName("first")->Arg(3); @@ -149,7 +186,7 @@ ADD_CASES(TC_CSVOut, {{"^\"BM_arg_name/first:3\",%csv_report$"}}); // ========================================================================= // void BM_arg_names(benchmark::State& state) { - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { } } BENCHMARK(BM_arg_names)->Args({2, 5, 4})->ArgNames({"first", "", "third"}); @@ -163,7 +200,7 @@ ADD_CASES(TC_CSVOut, {{"^\"BM_arg_names/first:2/5/third:4\",%csv_report$"}}); // ========================================================================= // void BM_Complexity_O1(benchmark::State& state) { - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { } state.SetComplexityN(state.range(0)); } @@ -179,30 +216,74 @@ ADD_CASES(TC_ConsoleOut, {{"^BM_Complexity_O1_BigO %bigOStr %bigOStr[ ]*$"}, // Test that non-aggregate data is printed by default void BM_Repeat(benchmark::State& state) { - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { } } +// need two repetitions min to be able to output any aggregate output +BENCHMARK(BM_Repeat)->Repetitions(2); +ADD_CASES(TC_ConsoleOut, {{"^BM_Repeat/repeats:2 %console_report$"}, + {"^BM_Repeat/repeats:2 %console_report$"}, + {"^BM_Repeat/repeats:2_mean %console_report$"}, + {"^BM_Repeat/repeats:2_median %console_report$"}, + {"^BM_Repeat/repeats:2_stddev %console_report$"}}); +ADD_CASES(TC_JSONOut, {{"\"name\": \"BM_Repeat/repeats:2\",$"}, + {"\"name\": \"BM_Repeat/repeats:2\",$"}, + {"\"name\": \"BM_Repeat/repeats:2_mean\",$"}, + {"\"name\": \"BM_Repeat/repeats:2_median\",$"}, + {"\"name\": \"BM_Repeat/repeats:2_stddev\",$"}}); +ADD_CASES(TC_CSVOut, {{"^\"BM_Repeat/repeats:2\",%csv_report$"}, + {"^\"BM_Repeat/repeats:2\",%csv_report$"}, + {"^\"BM_Repeat/repeats:2_mean\",%csv_report$"}, + {"^\"BM_Repeat/repeats:2_median\",%csv_report$"}, + {"^\"BM_Repeat/repeats:2_stddev\",%csv_report$"}}); +// but for two repetitions, mean and median is the same, so let's repeat.. BENCHMARK(BM_Repeat)->Repetitions(3); ADD_CASES(TC_ConsoleOut, {{"^BM_Repeat/repeats:3 %console_report$"}, {"^BM_Repeat/repeats:3 %console_report$"}, {"^BM_Repeat/repeats:3 %console_report$"}, {"^BM_Repeat/repeats:3_mean %console_report$"}, + {"^BM_Repeat/repeats:3_median %console_report$"}, {"^BM_Repeat/repeats:3_stddev %console_report$"}}); ADD_CASES(TC_JSONOut, {{"\"name\": \"BM_Repeat/repeats:3\",$"}, {"\"name\": \"BM_Repeat/repeats:3\",$"}, {"\"name\": \"BM_Repeat/repeats:3\",$"}, {"\"name\": \"BM_Repeat/repeats:3_mean\",$"}, + {"\"name\": \"BM_Repeat/repeats:3_median\",$"}, {"\"name\": \"BM_Repeat/repeats:3_stddev\",$"}}); ADD_CASES(TC_CSVOut, {{"^\"BM_Repeat/repeats:3\",%csv_report$"}, {"^\"BM_Repeat/repeats:3\",%csv_report$"}, {"^\"BM_Repeat/repeats:3\",%csv_report$"}, {"^\"BM_Repeat/repeats:3_mean\",%csv_report$"}, + {"^\"BM_Repeat/repeats:3_median\",%csv_report$"}, {"^\"BM_Repeat/repeats:3_stddev\",%csv_report$"}}); +// median differs between even/odd number of repetitions, so just to be sure +BENCHMARK(BM_Repeat)->Repetitions(4); +ADD_CASES(TC_ConsoleOut, {{"^BM_Repeat/repeats:4 %console_report$"}, + {"^BM_Repeat/repeats:4 %console_report$"}, + {"^BM_Repeat/repeats:4 %console_report$"}, + {"^BM_Repeat/repeats:4 %console_report$"}, + {"^BM_Repeat/repeats:4_mean %console_report$"}, + {"^BM_Repeat/repeats:4_median %console_report$"}, + {"^BM_Repeat/repeats:4_stddev %console_report$"}}); +ADD_CASES(TC_JSONOut, {{"\"name\": \"BM_Repeat/repeats:4\",$"}, + {"\"name\": \"BM_Repeat/repeats:4\",$"}, + {"\"name\": \"BM_Repeat/repeats:4\",$"}, + {"\"name\": \"BM_Repeat/repeats:4\",$"}, + {"\"name\": \"BM_Repeat/repeats:4_mean\",$"}, + {"\"name\": \"BM_Repeat/repeats:4_median\",$"}, + {"\"name\": \"BM_Repeat/repeats:4_stddev\",$"}}); +ADD_CASES(TC_CSVOut, {{"^\"BM_Repeat/repeats:4\",%csv_report$"}, + {"^\"BM_Repeat/repeats:4\",%csv_report$"}, + {"^\"BM_Repeat/repeats:4\",%csv_report$"}, + {"^\"BM_Repeat/repeats:4\",%csv_report$"}, + {"^\"BM_Repeat/repeats:4_mean\",%csv_report$"}, + {"^\"BM_Repeat/repeats:4_median\",%csv_report$"}, + {"^\"BM_Repeat/repeats:4_stddev\",%csv_report$"}}); // Test that a non-repeated test still prints non-aggregate results even when // only-aggregate reports have been requested void BM_RepeatOnce(benchmark::State& state) { - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { } } BENCHMARK(BM_RepeatOnce)->Repetitions(1)->ReportAggregatesOnly(); @@ -212,23 +293,26 @@ ADD_CASES(TC_CSVOut, {{"^\"BM_RepeatOnce/repeats:1\",%csv_report$"}}); // Test that non-aggregate data is not reported void BM_SummaryRepeat(benchmark::State& state) { - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { } } BENCHMARK(BM_SummaryRepeat)->Repetitions(3)->ReportAggregatesOnly(); ADD_CASES(TC_ConsoleOut, {{".*BM_SummaryRepeat/repeats:3 ", MR_Not}, {"^BM_SummaryRepeat/repeats:3_mean %console_report$"}, + {"^BM_SummaryRepeat/repeats:3_median %console_report$"}, {"^BM_SummaryRepeat/repeats:3_stddev %console_report$"}}); ADD_CASES(TC_JSONOut, {{".*BM_SummaryRepeat/repeats:3 ", MR_Not}, {"\"name\": \"BM_SummaryRepeat/repeats:3_mean\",$"}, + {"\"name\": \"BM_SummaryRepeat/repeats:3_median\",$"}, {"\"name\": \"BM_SummaryRepeat/repeats:3_stddev\",$"}}); ADD_CASES(TC_CSVOut, {{".*BM_SummaryRepeat/repeats:3 ", MR_Not}, {"^\"BM_SummaryRepeat/repeats:3_mean\",%csv_report$"}, + {"^\"BM_SummaryRepeat/repeats:3_median\",%csv_report$"}, {"^\"BM_SummaryRepeat/repeats:3_stddev\",%csv_report$"}}); void BM_RepeatTimeUnit(benchmark::State& state) { - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { } } BENCHMARK(BM_RepeatTimeUnit) @@ -238,17 +322,59 @@ BENCHMARK(BM_RepeatTimeUnit) ADD_CASES(TC_ConsoleOut, {{".*BM_RepeatTimeUnit/repeats:3 ", MR_Not}, {"^BM_RepeatTimeUnit/repeats:3_mean %console_us_report$"}, + {"^BM_RepeatTimeUnit/repeats:3_median %console_us_report$"}, {"^BM_RepeatTimeUnit/repeats:3_stddev %console_us_report$"}}); ADD_CASES(TC_JSONOut, {{".*BM_RepeatTimeUnit/repeats:3 ", MR_Not}, {"\"name\": \"BM_RepeatTimeUnit/repeats:3_mean\",$"}, {"\"time_unit\": \"us\",?$"}, + {"\"name\": \"BM_RepeatTimeUnit/repeats:3_median\",$"}, + {"\"time_unit\": \"us\",?$"}, {"\"name\": \"BM_RepeatTimeUnit/repeats:3_stddev\",$"}, {"\"time_unit\": \"us\",?$"}}); ADD_CASES(TC_CSVOut, {{".*BM_RepeatTimeUnit/repeats:3 ", MR_Not}, {"^\"BM_RepeatTimeUnit/repeats:3_mean\",%csv_us_report$"}, + {"^\"BM_RepeatTimeUnit/repeats:3_median\",%csv_us_report$"}, {"^\"BM_RepeatTimeUnit/repeats:3_stddev\",%csv_us_report$"}}); +// ========================================================================= // +// -------------------- Testing user-provided statistics ------------------- // +// ========================================================================= // + +const auto UserStatistics = [](const std::vector& v) { + return v.back(); +}; +void BM_UserStats(benchmark::State& state) { + for (auto _ : state) { + } +} +BENCHMARK(BM_UserStats) + ->Repetitions(3) + ->ComputeStatistics("", UserStatistics); +// check that user-provided stats is calculated, and is after the default-ones +// empty string as name is intentional, it would sort before anything else +ADD_CASES(TC_ConsoleOut, {{"^BM_UserStats/repeats:3 %console_report$"}, + {"^BM_UserStats/repeats:3 %console_report$"}, + {"^BM_UserStats/repeats:3 %console_report$"}, + {"^BM_UserStats/repeats:3_mean %console_report$"}, + {"^BM_UserStats/repeats:3_median %console_report$"}, + {"^BM_UserStats/repeats:3_stddev %console_report$"}, + {"^BM_UserStats/repeats:3_ %console_report$"}}); +ADD_CASES(TC_JSONOut, {{"\"name\": \"BM_UserStats/repeats:3\",$"}, + {"\"name\": \"BM_UserStats/repeats:3\",$"}, + {"\"name\": \"BM_UserStats/repeats:3\",$"}, + {"\"name\": \"BM_UserStats/repeats:3_mean\",$"}, + {"\"name\": \"BM_UserStats/repeats:3_median\",$"}, + {"\"name\": \"BM_UserStats/repeats:3_stddev\",$"}, + {"\"name\": \"BM_UserStats/repeats:3_\",$"}}); +ADD_CASES(TC_CSVOut, {{"^\"BM_UserStats/repeats:3\",%csv_report$"}, + {"^\"BM_UserStats/repeats:3\",%csv_report$"}, + {"^\"BM_UserStats/repeats:3\",%csv_report$"}, + {"^\"BM_UserStats/repeats:3_mean\",%csv_report$"}, + {"^\"BM_UserStats/repeats:3_median\",%csv_report$"}, + {"^\"BM_UserStats/repeats:3_stddev\",%csv_report$"}, + {"^\"BM_UserStats/repeats:3_\",%csv_report$"}}); + // ========================================================================= // // --------------------------- TEST CASES END ------------------------------ // // ========================================================================= // diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/skip_with_error_test.cc b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/skip_with_error_test.cc index b74d33c..8d2c342 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/skip_with_error_test.cc +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/skip_with_error_test.cc @@ -70,6 +70,25 @@ void BM_error_before_running(benchmark::State& state) { BENCHMARK(BM_error_before_running); ADD_CASES("BM_error_before_running", {{"", true, "error message"}}); + +void BM_error_before_running_batch(benchmark::State& state) { + state.SkipWithError("error message"); + while (state.KeepRunningBatch(17)) { + assert(false); + } +} +BENCHMARK(BM_error_before_running_batch); +ADD_CASES("BM_error_before_running_batch", {{"", true, "error message"}}); + +void BM_error_before_running_range_for(benchmark::State& state) { + state.SkipWithError("error message"); + for (auto _ : state) { + assert(false); + } +} +BENCHMARK(BM_error_before_running_range_for); +ADD_CASES("BM_error_before_running_range_for", {{"", true, "error message"}}); + void BM_error_during_running(benchmark::State& state) { int first_iter = true; while (state.KeepRunning()) { @@ -93,8 +112,31 @@ ADD_CASES("BM_error_during_running", {{"/1/threads:1", true, "error message"}, {"/2/threads:4", false, ""}, {"/2/threads:8", false, ""}}); +void BM_error_during_running_ranged_for(benchmark::State& state) { + assert(state.max_iterations > 3 && "test requires at least a few iterations"); + int first_iter = true; + // NOTE: Users should not write the for loop explicitly. + for (auto It = state.begin(), End = state.end(); It != End; ++It) { + if (state.range(0) == 1) { + assert(first_iter); + first_iter = false; + state.SkipWithError("error message"); + // Test the unfortunate but documented behavior that the ranged-for loop + // doesn't automatically terminate when SkipWithError is set. + assert(++It != End); + break; // Required behavior + } + } +} +BENCHMARK(BM_error_during_running_ranged_for)->Arg(1)->Arg(2)->Iterations(5); +ADD_CASES("BM_error_during_running_ranged_for", + {{"/1/iterations:5", true, "error message"}, + {"/2/iterations:5", false, ""}}); + + + void BM_error_after_running(benchmark::State& state) { - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { benchmark::DoNotOptimize(state.iterations()); } if (state.thread_index <= (state.threads / 2)) diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/state_assembly_test.cc b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/state_assembly_test.cc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e2c5c86 --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/state_assembly_test.cc @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +#include + +#ifdef __clang__ +#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wreturn-type" +#endif + +extern "C" { + extern int ExternInt; + benchmark::State& GetState(); + void Fn(); +} + +using benchmark::State; + +// CHECK-LABEL: test_for_auto_loop: +extern "C" int test_for_auto_loop() { + State& S = GetState(); + int x = 42; + // CHECK: [[CALL:call(q)*]] _ZN9benchmark5State16StartKeepRunningEv + // CHECK-NEXT: testq %rbx, %rbx + // CHECK-NEXT: je [[LOOP_END:.*]] + + for (auto _ : S) { + // CHECK: .L[[LOOP_HEAD:[a-zA-Z0-9_]+]]: + // CHECK-GNU-NEXT: subq $1, %rbx + // CHECK-CLANG-NEXT: {{(addq \$1,|incq)}} %rax + // CHECK-NEXT: jne .L[[LOOP_HEAD]] + benchmark::DoNotOptimize(x); + } + // CHECK: [[LOOP_END]]: + // CHECK: [[CALL]] _ZN9benchmark5State17FinishKeepRunningEv + + // CHECK: movl $101, %eax + // CHECK: ret + return 101; +} + +// CHECK-LABEL: test_while_loop: +extern "C" int test_while_loop() { + State& S = GetState(); + int x = 42; + + // CHECK: j{{(e|mp)}} .L[[LOOP_HEADER:[a-zA-Z0-9_]+]] + // CHECK-NEXT: .L[[LOOP_BODY:[a-zA-Z0-9_]+]]: + while (S.KeepRunning()) { + // CHECK-GNU-NEXT: subq $1, %[[IREG:[a-z]+]] + // CHECK-CLANG-NEXT: {{(addq \$-1,|decq)}} %[[IREG:[a-z]+]] + // CHECK: movq %[[IREG]], [[DEST:.*]] + benchmark::DoNotOptimize(x); + } + // CHECK-DAG: movq [[DEST]], %[[IREG]] + // CHECK-DAG: testq %[[IREG]], %[[IREG]] + // CHECK-DAG: jne .L[[LOOP_BODY]] + // CHECK-DAG: .L[[LOOP_HEADER]]: + + // CHECK: cmpb $0 + // CHECK-NEXT: jne .L[[LOOP_END:[a-zA-Z0-9_]+]] + // CHECK: [[CALL:call(q)*]] _ZN9benchmark5State16StartKeepRunningEv + + // CHECK: .L[[LOOP_END]]: + // CHECK: [[CALL]] _ZN9benchmark5State17FinishKeepRunningEv + + // CHECK: movl $101, %eax + // CHECK: ret + return 101; +} diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/statistics_gtest.cc b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/statistics_gtest.cc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b4d6abb --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/statistics_gtest.cc @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===// +// statistics_test - Unit tests for src/statistics.cc +//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===// + +#include "../src/statistics.h" +#include "gtest/gtest.h" + +namespace { +TEST(StatisticsTest, Mean) { + std::vector Inputs; + { + Inputs = {42, 42, 42, 42}; + double Res = benchmark::StatisticsMean(Inputs); + EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(Res, 42.0); + } + { + Inputs = {1, 2, 3, 4}; + double Res = benchmark::StatisticsMean(Inputs); + EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(Res, 2.5); + } + { + Inputs = {1, 2, 5, 10, 10, 14}; + double Res = benchmark::StatisticsMean(Inputs); + EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(Res, 7.0); + } +} + +TEST(StatisticsTest, Median) { + std::vector Inputs; + { + Inputs = {42, 42, 42, 42}; + double Res = benchmark::StatisticsMedian(Inputs); + EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(Res, 42.0); + } + { + Inputs = {1, 2, 3, 4}; + double Res = benchmark::StatisticsMedian(Inputs); + EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(Res, 2.5); + } + { + Inputs = {1, 2, 5, 10, 10}; + double Res = benchmark::StatisticsMedian(Inputs); + EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(Res, 5.0); + } +} + +TEST(StatisticsTest, StdDev) { + std::vector Inputs; + { + Inputs = {101, 101, 101, 101}; + double Res = benchmark::StatisticsStdDev(Inputs); + EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(Res, 0.0); + } + { + Inputs = {1, 2, 3}; + double Res = benchmark::StatisticsStdDev(Inputs); + EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(Res, 1.0); + } +} + +} // end namespace diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/templated_fixture_test.cc b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/templated_fixture_test.cc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ec5b4c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/templated_fixture_test.cc @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ + +#include "benchmark/benchmark.h" + +#include +#include + +template +class MyFixture : public ::benchmark::Fixture { +public: + MyFixture() : data(0) {} + + T data; +}; + +BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE_F(MyFixture, Foo, int)(benchmark::State &st) { + for (auto _ : st) { + data += 1; + } +} + +BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE_DEFINE_F(MyFixture, Bar, double)(benchmark::State& st) { + for (auto _ : st) { + data += 1.0; + } +} +BENCHMARK_REGISTER_F(MyFixture, Bar); + +BENCHMARK_MAIN(); diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/user_counters_tabular_test.cc b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/user_counters_tabular_test.cc index 5fc5b4d..9b8a613 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/user_counters_tabular_test.cc +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/user_counters_tabular_test.cc @@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ ADD_CASES(TC_CSVOut, {{"%csv_header," // ========================================================================= // void BM_Counters_Tabular(benchmark::State& state) { - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { } namespace bm = benchmark; state.counters.insert({ @@ -69,8 +69,8 @@ void BM_Counters_Tabular(benchmark::State& state) { BENCHMARK(BM_Counters_Tabular)->ThreadRange(1, 16); ADD_CASES(TC_JSONOut, {{"\"name\": \"BM_Counters_Tabular/threads:%int\",$"}, {"\"iterations\": %int,$", MR_Next}, - {"\"real_time\": %int,$", MR_Next}, - {"\"cpu_time\": %int,$", MR_Next}, + {"\"real_time\": %float,$", MR_Next}, + {"\"cpu_time\": %float,$", MR_Next}, {"\"time_unit\": \"ns\",$", MR_Next}, {"\"Bar\": %float,$", MR_Next}, {"\"Bat\": %float,$", MR_Next}, @@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ CHECK_BENCHMARK_RESULTS("BM_Counters_Tabular/threads:%int", &CheckTabular); // ========================================================================= // void BM_CounterRates_Tabular(benchmark::State& state) { - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { } namespace bm = benchmark; state.counters.insert({ @@ -113,8 +113,8 @@ void BM_CounterRates_Tabular(benchmark::State& state) { BENCHMARK(BM_CounterRates_Tabular)->ThreadRange(1, 16); ADD_CASES(TC_JSONOut, {{"\"name\": \"BM_CounterRates_Tabular/threads:%int\",$"}, {"\"iterations\": %int,$", MR_Next}, - {"\"real_time\": %int,$", MR_Next}, - {"\"cpu_time\": %int,$", MR_Next}, + {"\"real_time\": %float,$", MR_Next}, + {"\"cpu_time\": %float,$", MR_Next}, {"\"time_unit\": \"ns\",$", MR_Next}, {"\"Bar\": %float,$", MR_Next}, {"\"Bat\": %float,$", MR_Next}, @@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ CHECK_BENCHMARK_RESULTS("BM_CounterRates_Tabular/threads:%int", // set only some of the counters void BM_CounterSet0_Tabular(benchmark::State& state) { - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { } namespace bm = benchmark; state.counters.insert({ @@ -157,8 +157,8 @@ void BM_CounterSet0_Tabular(benchmark::State& state) { BENCHMARK(BM_CounterSet0_Tabular)->ThreadRange(1, 16); ADD_CASES(TC_JSONOut, {{"\"name\": \"BM_CounterSet0_Tabular/threads:%int\",$"}, {"\"iterations\": %int,$", MR_Next}, - {"\"real_time\": %int,$", MR_Next}, - {"\"cpu_time\": %int,$", MR_Next}, + {"\"real_time\": %float,$", MR_Next}, + {"\"cpu_time\": %float,$", MR_Next}, {"\"time_unit\": \"ns\",$", MR_Next}, {"\"Bar\": %float,$", MR_Next}, {"\"Baz\": %float,$", MR_Next}, @@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ CHECK_BENCHMARK_RESULTS("BM_CounterSet0_Tabular", &CheckSet0); // again. void BM_CounterSet1_Tabular(benchmark::State& state) { - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { } namespace bm = benchmark; state.counters.insert({ @@ -189,8 +189,8 @@ void BM_CounterSet1_Tabular(benchmark::State& state) { BENCHMARK(BM_CounterSet1_Tabular)->ThreadRange(1, 16); ADD_CASES(TC_JSONOut, {{"\"name\": \"BM_CounterSet1_Tabular/threads:%int\",$"}, {"\"iterations\": %int,$", MR_Next}, - {"\"real_time\": %int,$", MR_Next}, - {"\"cpu_time\": %int,$", MR_Next}, + {"\"real_time\": %float,$", MR_Next}, + {"\"cpu_time\": %float,$", MR_Next}, {"\"time_unit\": \"ns\",$", MR_Next}, {"\"Bar\": %float,$", MR_Next}, {"\"Baz\": %float,$", MR_Next}, @@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ CHECK_BENCHMARK_RESULTS("BM_CounterSet1_Tabular/threads:%int", &CheckSet1); // set only some of the counters, different set now. void BM_CounterSet2_Tabular(benchmark::State& state) { - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { } namespace bm = benchmark; state.counters.insert({ @@ -225,8 +225,8 @@ void BM_CounterSet2_Tabular(benchmark::State& state) { BENCHMARK(BM_CounterSet2_Tabular)->ThreadRange(1, 16); ADD_CASES(TC_JSONOut, {{"\"name\": \"BM_CounterSet2_Tabular/threads:%int\",$"}, {"\"iterations\": %int,$", MR_Next}, - {"\"real_time\": %int,$", MR_Next}, - {"\"cpu_time\": %int,$", MR_Next}, + {"\"real_time\": %float,$", MR_Next}, + {"\"cpu_time\": %float,$", MR_Next}, {"\"time_unit\": \"ns\",$", MR_Next}, {"\"Bat\": %float,$", MR_Next}, {"\"Baz\": %float,$", MR_Next}, diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/user_counters_test.cc b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/user_counters_test.cc index 66df48b..06aafb1 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/user_counters_test.cc +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/test/user_counters_test.cc @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ ADD_CASES(TC_CSVOut, {{"%csv_header,\"bar\",\"foo\""}}); // ========================================================================= // void BM_Counters_Simple(benchmark::State& state) { - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { } state.counters["foo"] = 1; state.counters["bar"] = 2 * (double)state.iterations(); @@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ BENCHMARK(BM_Counters_Simple); ADD_CASES(TC_ConsoleOut, {{"^BM_Counters_Simple %console_report bar=%hrfloat foo=%hrfloat$"}}); ADD_CASES(TC_JSONOut, {{"\"name\": \"BM_Counters_Simple\",$"}, {"\"iterations\": %int,$", MR_Next}, - {"\"real_time\": %int,$", MR_Next}, - {"\"cpu_time\": %int,$", MR_Next}, + {"\"real_time\": %float,$", MR_Next}, + {"\"cpu_time\": %float,$", MR_Next}, {"\"time_unit\": \"ns\",$", MR_Next}, {"\"bar\": %float,$", MR_Next}, {"\"foo\": %float$", MR_Next}, @@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ CHECK_BENCHMARK_RESULTS("BM_Counters_Simple", &CheckSimple); namespace { int num_calls1 = 0; } void BM_Counters_WithBytesAndItemsPSec(benchmark::State& state) { - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { } state.counters["foo"] = 1; state.counters["bar"] = ++num_calls1; @@ -64,11 +64,11 @@ ADD_CASES(TC_ConsoleOut, "bar=%hrfloat foo=%hrfloat +%hrfloatB/s +%hrfloat items/s$"}}); ADD_CASES(TC_JSONOut, {{"\"name\": \"BM_Counters_WithBytesAndItemsPSec\",$"}, {"\"iterations\": %int,$", MR_Next}, - {"\"real_time\": %int,$", MR_Next}, - {"\"cpu_time\": %int,$", MR_Next}, + {"\"real_time\": %float,$", MR_Next}, + {"\"cpu_time\": %float,$", MR_Next}, {"\"time_unit\": \"ns\",$", MR_Next}, - {"\"bytes_per_second\": %int,$", MR_Next}, - {"\"items_per_second\": %int,$", MR_Next}, + {"\"bytes_per_second\": %float,$", MR_Next}, + {"\"items_per_second\": %float,$", MR_Next}, {"\"bar\": %float,$", MR_Next}, {"\"foo\": %float$", MR_Next}, {"}", MR_Next}}); @@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ CHECK_BENCHMARK_RESULTS("BM_Counters_WithBytesAndItemsPSec", // ========================================================================= // void BM_Counters_Rate(benchmark::State& state) { - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { } namespace bm = benchmark; state.counters["foo"] = bm::Counter{1, bm::Counter::kIsRate}; @@ -102,8 +102,8 @@ BENCHMARK(BM_Counters_Rate); ADD_CASES(TC_ConsoleOut, {{"^BM_Counters_Rate %console_report bar=%hrfloat/s foo=%hrfloat/s$"}}); ADD_CASES(TC_JSONOut, {{"\"name\": \"BM_Counters_Rate\",$"}, {"\"iterations\": %int,$", MR_Next}, - {"\"real_time\": %int,$", MR_Next}, - {"\"cpu_time\": %int,$", MR_Next}, + {"\"real_time\": %float,$", MR_Next}, + {"\"cpu_time\": %float,$", MR_Next}, {"\"time_unit\": \"ns\",$", MR_Next}, {"\"bar\": %float,$", MR_Next}, {"\"foo\": %float$", MR_Next}, @@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ CHECK_BENCHMARK_RESULTS("BM_Counters_Rate", &CheckRate); // ========================================================================= // void BM_Counters_Threads(benchmark::State& state) { - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { } state.counters["foo"] = 1; state.counters["bar"] = 2; @@ -133,8 +133,8 @@ BENCHMARK(BM_Counters_Threads)->ThreadRange(1, 8); ADD_CASES(TC_ConsoleOut, {{"^BM_Counters_Threads/threads:%int %console_report bar=%hrfloat foo=%hrfloat$"}}); ADD_CASES(TC_JSONOut, {{"\"name\": \"BM_Counters_Threads/threads:%int\",$"}, {"\"iterations\": %int,$", MR_Next}, - {"\"real_time\": %int,$", MR_Next}, - {"\"cpu_time\": %int,$", MR_Next}, + {"\"real_time\": %float,$", MR_Next}, + {"\"cpu_time\": %float,$", MR_Next}, {"\"time_unit\": \"ns\",$", MR_Next}, {"\"bar\": %float,$", MR_Next}, {"\"foo\": %float$", MR_Next}, @@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ CHECK_BENCHMARK_RESULTS("BM_Counters_Threads/threads:%int", &CheckThreads); // ========================================================================= // void BM_Counters_AvgThreads(benchmark::State& state) { - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { } namespace bm = benchmark; state.counters["foo"] = bm::Counter{1, bm::Counter::kAvgThreads}; @@ -163,8 +163,8 @@ BENCHMARK(BM_Counters_AvgThreads)->ThreadRange(1, 8); ADD_CASES(TC_ConsoleOut, {{"^BM_Counters_AvgThreads/threads:%int %console_report bar=%hrfloat foo=%hrfloat$"}}); ADD_CASES(TC_JSONOut, {{"\"name\": \"BM_Counters_AvgThreads/threads:%int\",$"}, {"\"iterations\": %int,$", MR_Next}, - {"\"real_time\": %int,$", MR_Next}, - {"\"cpu_time\": %int,$", MR_Next}, + {"\"real_time\": %float,$", MR_Next}, + {"\"cpu_time\": %float,$", MR_Next}, {"\"time_unit\": \"ns\",$", MR_Next}, {"\"bar\": %float,$", MR_Next}, {"\"foo\": %float$", MR_Next}, @@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ CHECK_BENCHMARK_RESULTS("BM_Counters_AvgThreads/threads:%int", // ========================================================================= // void BM_Counters_AvgThreadsRate(benchmark::State& state) { - while (state.KeepRunning()) { + for (auto _ : state) { } namespace bm = benchmark; state.counters["foo"] = bm::Counter{1, bm::Counter::kAvgThreadsRate}; @@ -194,8 +194,8 @@ BENCHMARK(BM_Counters_AvgThreadsRate)->ThreadRange(1, 8); ADD_CASES(TC_ConsoleOut, {{"^BM_Counters_AvgThreadsRate/threads:%int %console_report bar=%hrfloat/s foo=%hrfloat/s$"}}); ADD_CASES(TC_JSONOut, {{"\"name\": \"BM_Counters_AvgThreadsRate/threads:%int\",$"}, {"\"iterations\": %int,$", MR_Next}, - {"\"real_time\": %int,$", MR_Next}, - {"\"cpu_time\": %int,$", MR_Next}, + {"\"real_time\": %float,$", MR_Next}, + {"\"cpu_time\": %float,$", MR_Next}, {"\"time_unit\": \"ns\",$", MR_Next}, {"\"bar\": %float,$", MR_Next}, {"\"foo\": %float$", MR_Next}, diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/tools/compare.py b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/tools/compare.py new file mode 100755 index 0000000..f0a4455 --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/tools/compare.py @@ -0,0 +1,316 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +compare.py - versatile benchmark output compare tool +""" + +import argparse +from argparse import ArgumentParser +import sys +import gbench +from gbench import util, report +from gbench.util import * + + +def check_inputs(in1, in2, flags): + """ + Perform checking on the user provided inputs and diagnose any abnormalities + """ + in1_kind, in1_err = classify_input_file(in1) + in2_kind, in2_err = classify_input_file(in2) + output_file = find_benchmark_flag('--benchmark_out=', flags) + output_type = find_benchmark_flag('--benchmark_out_format=', flags) + if in1_kind == IT_Executable and in2_kind == IT_Executable and output_file: + print(("WARNING: '--benchmark_out=%s' will be passed to both " + "benchmarks causing it to be overwritten") % output_file) + if in1_kind == IT_JSON and in2_kind == IT_JSON and len(flags) > 0: + print("WARNING: passing optional flags has no effect since both " + "inputs are JSON") + if output_type is not None and output_type != 'json': + print(("ERROR: passing '--benchmark_out_format=%s' to 'compare.py`" + " is not supported.") % output_type) + sys.exit(1) + + +def create_parser(): + parser = ArgumentParser( + description='versatile benchmark output compare tool') + subparsers = parser.add_subparsers( + help='This tool has multiple modes of operation:', + dest='mode') + + parser_a = subparsers.add_parser( + 'benchmarks', + help='The most simple use-case, compare all the output of these two benchmarks') + baseline = parser_a.add_argument_group( + 'baseline', 'The benchmark baseline') + baseline.add_argument( + 'test_baseline', + metavar='test_baseline', + type=argparse.FileType('r'), + nargs=1, + help='A benchmark executable or JSON output file') + contender = parser_a.add_argument_group( + 'contender', 'The benchmark that will be compared against the baseline') + contender.add_argument( + 'test_contender', + metavar='test_contender', + type=argparse.FileType('r'), + nargs=1, + help='A benchmark executable or JSON output file') + parser_a.add_argument( + 'benchmark_options', + metavar='benchmark_options', + nargs=argparse.REMAINDER, + help='Arguments to pass when running benchmark executables') + + parser_b = subparsers.add_parser( + 'filters', help='Compare filter one with the filter two of benchmark') + baseline = parser_b.add_argument_group( + 'baseline', 'The benchmark baseline') + baseline.add_argument( + 'test', + metavar='test', + type=argparse.FileType('r'), + nargs=1, + help='A benchmark executable or JSON output file') + baseline.add_argument( + 'filter_baseline', + metavar='filter_baseline', + type=str, + nargs=1, + help='The first filter, that will be used as baseline') + contender = parser_b.add_argument_group( + 'contender', 'The benchmark that will be compared against the baseline') + contender.add_argument( + 'filter_contender', + metavar='filter_contender', + type=str, + nargs=1, + help='The second filter, that will be compared against the baseline') + parser_b.add_argument( + 'benchmark_options', + metavar='benchmark_options', + nargs=argparse.REMAINDER, + help='Arguments to pass when running benchmark executables') + + parser_c = subparsers.add_parser( + 'benchmarksfiltered', + help='Compare filter one of first benchmark with filter two of the second benchmark') + baseline = parser_c.add_argument_group( + 'baseline', 'The benchmark baseline') + baseline.add_argument( + 'test_baseline', + metavar='test_baseline', + type=argparse.FileType('r'), + nargs=1, + help='A benchmark executable or JSON output file') + baseline.add_argument( + 'filter_baseline', + metavar='filter_baseline', + type=str, + nargs=1, + help='The first filter, that will be used as baseline') + contender = parser_c.add_argument_group( + 'contender', 'The benchmark that will be compared against the baseline') + contender.add_argument( + 'test_contender', + metavar='test_contender', + type=argparse.FileType('r'), + nargs=1, + help='The second benchmark executable or JSON output file, that will be compared against the baseline') + contender.add_argument( + 'filter_contender', + metavar='filter_contender', + type=str, + nargs=1, + help='The second filter, that will be compared against the baseline') + parser_c.add_argument( + 'benchmark_options', + metavar='benchmark_options', + nargs=argparse.REMAINDER, + help='Arguments to pass when running benchmark executables') + + return parser + + +def main(): + # Parse the command line flags + parser = create_parser() + args, unknown_args = parser.parse_known_args() + if args.mode is None: + parser.print_help() + exit(1) + assert not unknown_args + benchmark_options = args.benchmark_options + + if args.mode == 'benchmarks': + test_baseline = args.test_baseline[0].name + test_contender = args.test_contender[0].name + filter_baseline = '' + filter_contender = '' + + # NOTE: if test_baseline == test_contender, you are analyzing the stdev + + description = 'Comparing %s to %s' % (test_baseline, test_contender) + elif args.mode == 'filters': + test_baseline = args.test[0].name + test_contender = args.test[0].name + filter_baseline = args.filter_baseline[0] + filter_contender = args.filter_contender[0] + + # NOTE: if filter_baseline == filter_contender, you are analyzing the + # stdev + + description = 'Comparing %s to %s (from %s)' % ( + filter_baseline, filter_contender, args.test[0].name) + elif args.mode == 'benchmarksfiltered': + test_baseline = args.test_baseline[0].name + test_contender = args.test_contender[0].name + filter_baseline = args.filter_baseline[0] + filter_contender = args.filter_contender[0] + + # NOTE: if test_baseline == test_contender and + # filter_baseline == filter_contender, you are analyzing the stdev + + description = 'Comparing %s (from %s) to %s (from %s)' % ( + filter_baseline, test_baseline, filter_contender, test_contender) + else: + # should never happen + print("Unrecognized mode of operation: '%s'" % args.mode) + parser.print_help() + exit(1) + + check_inputs(test_baseline, test_contender, benchmark_options) + + options_baseline = [] + options_contender = [] + + if filter_baseline and filter_contender: + options_baseline = ['--benchmark_filter=%s' % filter_baseline] + options_contender = ['--benchmark_filter=%s' % filter_contender] + + # Run the benchmarks and report the results + json1 = json1_orig = gbench.util.run_or_load_benchmark( + test_baseline, benchmark_options + options_baseline) + json2 = json2_orig = gbench.util.run_or_load_benchmark( + test_contender, benchmark_options + options_contender) + + # Now, filter the benchmarks so that the difference report can work + if filter_baseline and filter_contender: + replacement = '[%s vs. %s]' % (filter_baseline, filter_contender) + json1 = gbench.report.filter_benchmark( + json1_orig, filter_baseline, replacement) + json2 = gbench.report.filter_benchmark( + json2_orig, filter_contender, replacement) + + # Diff and output + output_lines = gbench.report.generate_difference_report(json1, json2) + print(description) + for ln in output_lines: + print(ln) + + +import unittest + + +class TestParser(unittest.TestCase): + def setUp(self): + self.parser = create_parser() + testInputs = os.path.join( + os.path.dirname( + os.path.realpath(__file__)), + 'gbench', + 'Inputs') + self.testInput0 = os.path.join(testInputs, 'test1_run1.json') + self.testInput1 = os.path.join(testInputs, 'test1_run2.json') + + def test_benchmarks_basic(self): + parsed = self.parser.parse_args( + ['benchmarks', self.testInput0, self.testInput1]) + self.assertEqual(parsed.mode, 'benchmarks') + self.assertEqual(parsed.test_baseline[0].name, self.testInput0) + self.assertEqual(parsed.test_contender[0].name, self.testInput1) + self.assertFalse(parsed.benchmark_options) + + def test_benchmarks_with_remainder(self): + parsed = self.parser.parse_args( + ['benchmarks', self.testInput0, self.testInput1, 'd']) + self.assertEqual(parsed.mode, 'benchmarks') + self.assertEqual(parsed.test_baseline[0].name, self.testInput0) + self.assertEqual(parsed.test_contender[0].name, self.testInput1) + self.assertEqual(parsed.benchmark_options, ['d']) + + def test_benchmarks_with_remainder_after_doubleminus(self): + parsed = self.parser.parse_args( + ['benchmarks', self.testInput0, self.testInput1, '--', 'e']) + self.assertEqual(parsed.mode, 'benchmarks') + self.assertEqual(parsed.test_baseline[0].name, self.testInput0) + self.assertEqual(parsed.test_contender[0].name, self.testInput1) + self.assertEqual(parsed.benchmark_options, ['e']) + + def test_filters_basic(self): + parsed = self.parser.parse_args( + ['filters', self.testInput0, 'c', 'd']) + self.assertEqual(parsed.mode, 'filters') + self.assertEqual(parsed.test[0].name, self.testInput0) + self.assertEqual(parsed.filter_baseline[0], 'c') + self.assertEqual(parsed.filter_contender[0], 'd') + self.assertFalse(parsed.benchmark_options) + + def test_filters_with_remainder(self): + parsed = self.parser.parse_args( + ['filters', self.testInput0, 'c', 'd', 'e']) + self.assertEqual(parsed.mode, 'filters') + self.assertEqual(parsed.test[0].name, self.testInput0) + self.assertEqual(parsed.filter_baseline[0], 'c') + self.assertEqual(parsed.filter_contender[0], 'd') + self.assertEqual(parsed.benchmark_options, ['e']) + + def test_filters_with_remainder_after_doubleminus(self): + parsed = self.parser.parse_args( + ['filters', self.testInput0, 'c', 'd', '--', 'f']) + self.assertEqual(parsed.mode, 'filters') + self.assertEqual(parsed.test[0].name, self.testInput0) + self.assertEqual(parsed.filter_baseline[0], 'c') + self.assertEqual(parsed.filter_contender[0], 'd') + self.assertEqual(parsed.benchmark_options, ['f']) + + def test_benchmarksfiltered_basic(self): + parsed = self.parser.parse_args( + ['benchmarksfiltered', self.testInput0, 'c', self.testInput1, 'e']) + self.assertEqual(parsed.mode, 'benchmarksfiltered') + self.assertEqual(parsed.test_baseline[0].name, self.testInput0) + self.assertEqual(parsed.filter_baseline[0], 'c') + self.assertEqual(parsed.test_contender[0].name, self.testInput1) + self.assertEqual(parsed.filter_contender[0], 'e') + self.assertFalse(parsed.benchmark_options) + + def test_benchmarksfiltered_with_remainder(self): + parsed = self.parser.parse_args( + ['benchmarksfiltered', self.testInput0, 'c', self.testInput1, 'e', 'f']) + self.assertEqual(parsed.mode, 'benchmarksfiltered') + self.assertEqual(parsed.test_baseline[0].name, self.testInput0) + self.assertEqual(parsed.filter_baseline[0], 'c') + self.assertEqual(parsed.test_contender[0].name, self.testInput1) + self.assertEqual(parsed.filter_contender[0], 'e') + self.assertEqual(parsed.benchmark_options[0], 'f') + + def test_benchmarksfiltered_with_remainder_after_doubleminus(self): + parsed = self.parser.parse_args( + ['benchmarksfiltered', self.testInput0, 'c', self.testInput1, 'e', '--', 'g']) + self.assertEqual(parsed.mode, 'benchmarksfiltered') + self.assertEqual(parsed.test_baseline[0].name, self.testInput0) + self.assertEqual(parsed.filter_baseline[0], 'c') + self.assertEqual(parsed.test_contender[0].name, self.testInput1) + self.assertEqual(parsed.filter_contender[0], 'e') + self.assertEqual(parsed.benchmark_options[0], 'g') + + +if __name__ == '__main__': + # unittest.main() + main() + +# vim: tabstop=4 expandtab shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4 +# kate: tab-width: 4; replace-tabs on; indent-width 4; tab-indents: off; +# kate: indent-mode python; remove-trailing-spaces modified; diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/tools/compare_bench.py b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/tools/compare_bench.py index d54baaa..7bbf0d0 100755 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/tools/compare_bench.py +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/tools/compare_bench.py @@ -39,21 +39,20 @@ def main(): parser.add_argument( 'test2', metavar='test2', type=str, nargs=1, help='A benchmark executable or JSON output file') - # FIXME this is a dummy argument which will never actually match - # any --benchmark flags but it helps generate a better usage message parser.add_argument( - 'benchmark_options', metavar='benchmark_option', nargs='*', + 'benchmark_options', metavar='benchmark_options', nargs=argparse.REMAINDER, help='Arguments to pass when running benchmark executables' ) args, unknown_args = parser.parse_known_args() # Parse the command line flags test1 = args.test1[0] test2 = args.test2[0] - if args.benchmark_options: + if unknown_args: + # should never happen print("Unrecognized positional argument arguments: '%s'" - % args.benchmark_options) + % unknown_args) exit(1) - benchmark_options = unknown_args + benchmark_options = args.benchmark_options check_inputs(test1, test2, benchmark_options) # Run the benchmarks and report the results json1 = gbench.util.run_or_load_benchmark(test1, benchmark_options) diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/tools/gbench/Inputs/test1_run1.json b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/tools/gbench/Inputs/test1_run1.json index 37faed4..d7ec6a9 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/tools/gbench/Inputs/test1_run1.json +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/tools/gbench/Inputs/test1_run1.json @@ -28,6 +28,20 @@ "cpu_time": 50, "time_unit": "ns" }, + { + "name": "BM_1PercentFaster", + "iterations": 1000, + "real_time": 100, + "cpu_time": 100, + "time_unit": "ns" + }, + { + "name": "BM_1PercentSlower", + "iterations": 1000, + "real_time": 100, + "cpu_time": 100, + "time_unit": "ns" + }, { "name": "BM_10PercentFaster", "iterations": 1000, @@ -55,6 +69,34 @@ "real_time": 10000, "cpu_time": 10000, "time_unit": "ns" + }, + { + "name": "BM_10PercentCPUToTime", + "iterations": 1000, + "real_time": 100, + "cpu_time": 100, + "time_unit": "ns" + }, + { + "name": "BM_ThirdFaster", + "iterations": 1000, + "real_time": 100, + "cpu_time": 100, + "time_unit": "ns" + }, + { + "name": "BM_BadTimeUnit", + "iterations": 1000, + "real_time": 0.4, + "cpu_time": 0.5, + "time_unit": "s" + }, + { + "name": "BM_DifferentTimeUnit", + "iterations": 1, + "real_time": 1, + "cpu_time": 1, + "time_unit": "s" } ] -} \ No newline at end of file +} diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/tools/gbench/Inputs/test1_run2.json b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/tools/gbench/Inputs/test1_run2.json index aed5151..59a5ffa 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/tools/gbench/Inputs/test1_run2.json +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/tools/gbench/Inputs/test1_run2.json @@ -28,6 +28,20 @@ "cpu_time": 100, "time_unit": "ns" }, + { + "name": "BM_1PercentFaster", + "iterations": 1000, + "real_time": 98.9999999, + "cpu_time": 98.9999999, + "time_unit": "ns" + }, + { + "name": "BM_1PercentSlower", + "iterations": 1000, + "real_time": 100.9999999, + "cpu_time": 100.9999999, + "time_unit": "ns" + }, { "name": "BM_10PercentFaster", "iterations": 1000, @@ -45,8 +59,8 @@ { "name": "BM_100xSlower", "iterations": 1000, - "real_time": 10000, - "cpu_time": 10000, + "real_time": 1.0000e+04, + "cpu_time": 1.0000e+04, "time_unit": "ns" }, { @@ -55,6 +69,34 @@ "real_time": 100, "cpu_time": 100, "time_unit": "ns" + }, + { + "name": "BM_10PercentCPUToTime", + "iterations": 1000, + "real_time": 110, + "cpu_time": 90, + "time_unit": "ns" + }, + { + "name": "BM_ThirdFaster", + "iterations": 1000, + "real_time": 66.665, + "cpu_time": 66.664, + "time_unit": "ns" + }, + { + "name": "BM_BadTimeUnit", + "iterations": 1000, + "real_time": 0.04, + "cpu_time": 0.6, + "time_unit": "s" + }, + { + "name": "BM_DifferentTimeUnit", + "iterations": 1, + "real_time": 1, + "cpu_time": 1, + "time_unit": "ns" } ] -} \ No newline at end of file +} diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/tools/gbench/Inputs/test2_run.json b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/tools/gbench/Inputs/test2_run.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..15bc698 --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/tools/gbench/Inputs/test2_run.json @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +{ + "context": { + "date": "2016-08-02 17:44:46", + "num_cpus": 4, + "mhz_per_cpu": 4228, + "cpu_scaling_enabled": false, + "library_build_type": "release" + }, + "benchmarks": [ + { + "name": "BM_Hi", + "iterations": 1234, + "real_time": 42, + "cpu_time": 24, + "time_unit": "ms" + }, + { + "name": "BM_Zero", + "iterations": 1000, + "real_time": 10, + "cpu_time": 10, + "time_unit": "ns" + }, + { + "name": "BM_Zero/4", + "iterations": 4000, + "real_time": 40, + "cpu_time": 40, + "time_unit": "ns" + }, + { + "name": "Prefix/BM_Zero", + "iterations": 2000, + "real_time": 20, + "cpu_time": 20, + "time_unit": "ns" + }, + { + "name": "Prefix/BM_Zero/3", + "iterations": 3000, + "real_time": 30, + "cpu_time": 30, + "time_unit": "ns" + }, + { + "name": "BM_One", + "iterations": 5000, + "real_time": 5, + "cpu_time": 5, + "time_unit": "ns" + }, + { + "name": "BM_One/4", + "iterations": 2000, + "real_time": 20, + "cpu_time": 20, + "time_unit": "ns" + }, + { + "name": "Prefix/BM_One", + "iterations": 1000, + "real_time": 10, + "cpu_time": 10, + "time_unit": "ns" + }, + { + "name": "Prefix/BM_One/3", + "iterations": 1500, + "real_time": 15, + "cpu_time": 15, + "time_unit": "ns" + }, + { + "name": "BM_Bye", + "iterations": 5321, + "real_time": 11, + "cpu_time": 63, + "time_unit": "ns" + } + ] +} diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/tools/gbench/report.py b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/tools/gbench/report.py index 015d33d..0c09098 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/tools/gbench/report.py +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/tools/gbench/report.py @@ -1,6 +1,8 @@ """report.py - Utilities for reporting statistics about benchmark results """ import os +import re +import copy class BenchmarkColor(object): def __init__(self, name, code): @@ -66,19 +68,36 @@ def calculate_change(old_val, new_val): return float(new_val - old_val) / abs(old_val) +def filter_benchmark(json_orig, family, replacement=""): + """ + Apply a filter to the json, and only leave the 'family' of benchmarks. + """ + regex = re.compile(family) + filtered = {} + filtered['benchmarks'] = [] + for be in json_orig['benchmarks']: + if not regex.search(be['name']): + continue + filteredbench = copy.deepcopy(be) # Do NOT modify the old name! + filteredbench['name'] = regex.sub(replacement, filteredbench['name']) + filtered['benchmarks'].append(filteredbench) + return filtered + + def generate_difference_report(json1, json2, use_color=True): """ Calculate and report the difference between each test of two benchmarks runs specified as 'json1' and 'json2'. """ - first_col_width = find_longest_name(json1['benchmarks']) + 5 + first_col_width = find_longest_name(json1['benchmarks']) def find_test(name): for b in json2['benchmarks']: if b['name'] == name: return b return None - first_line = "{:<{}s} Time CPU Old New".format( - 'Benchmark', first_col_width) + first_col_width = max(first_col_width, len('Benchmark')) + first_line = "{:<{}s}Time CPU Time Old Time New CPU Old CPU New".format( + 'Benchmark', 12 + first_col_width) output_strs = [first_line, '-' * len(first_line)] gen = (bn for bn in json1['benchmarks'] if 'real_time' in bn and 'cpu_time' in bn) @@ -87,6 +106,9 @@ def generate_difference_report(json1, json2, use_color=True): if not other_bench: continue + if bn['time_unit'] != other_bench['time_unit']: + continue + def get_color(res): if res > 0.05: return BC_FAIL @@ -94,12 +116,13 @@ def generate_difference_report(json1, json2, use_color=True): return BC_WHITE else: return BC_CYAN - fmt_str = "{}{:<{}s}{endc}{}{:+9.2f}{endc}{}{:+14.2f}{endc}{:14d}{:14d}" + fmt_str = "{}{:<{}s}{endc}{}{:+16.4f}{endc}{}{:+16.4f}{endc}{:14.0f}{:14.0f}{endc}{:14.0f}{:14.0f}" tres = calculate_change(bn['real_time'], other_bench['real_time']) cpures = calculate_change(bn['cpu_time'], other_bench['cpu_time']) output_strs += [color_format(use_color, fmt_str, BC_HEADER, bn['name'], first_col_width, get_color(tres), tres, get_color(cpures), cpures, + bn['real_time'], other_bench['real_time'], bn['cpu_time'], other_bench['cpu_time'], endc=BC_ENDC)] return output_strs @@ -123,24 +146,63 @@ class TestReportDifference(unittest.TestCase): def test_basic(self): expect_lines = [ - ['BM_SameTimes', '+0.00', '+0.00', '10', '10'], - ['BM_2xFaster', '-0.50', '-0.50', '50', '25'], - ['BM_2xSlower', '+1.00', '+1.00', '50', '100'], - ['BM_10PercentFaster', '-0.10', '-0.10', '100', '90'], - ['BM_10PercentSlower', '+0.10', '+0.10', '100', '110'], - ['BM_100xSlower', '+99.00', '+99.00', '100', '10000'], - ['BM_100xFaster', '-0.99', '-0.99', '10000', '100'], + ['BM_SameTimes', '+0.0000', '+0.0000', '10', '10', '10', '10'], + ['BM_2xFaster', '-0.5000', '-0.5000', '50', '25', '50', '25'], + ['BM_2xSlower', '+1.0000', '+1.0000', '50', '100', '50', '100'], + ['BM_1PercentFaster', '-0.0100', '-0.0100', '100', '99', '100', '99'], + ['BM_1PercentSlower', '+0.0100', '+0.0100', '100', '101', '100', '101'], + ['BM_10PercentFaster', '-0.1000', '-0.1000', '100', '90', '100', '90'], + ['BM_10PercentSlower', '+0.1000', '+0.1000', '100', '110', '100', '110'], + ['BM_100xSlower', '+99.0000', '+99.0000', '100', '10000', '100', '10000'], + ['BM_100xFaster', '-0.9900', '-0.9900', '10000', '100', '10000', '100'], + ['BM_10PercentCPUToTime', '+0.1000', '-0.1000', '100', '110', '100', '90'], + ['BM_ThirdFaster', '-0.3333', '-0.3334', '100', '67', '100', '67'], + ['BM_BadTimeUnit', '-0.9000', '+0.2000', '0', '0', '0', '1'], ] json1, json2 = self.load_results() output_lines_with_header = generate_difference_report(json1, json2, use_color=False) output_lines = output_lines_with_header[2:] print("\n".join(output_lines_with_header)) self.assertEqual(len(output_lines), len(expect_lines)) - for i in xrange(0, len(output_lines)): + for i in range(0, len(output_lines)): parts = [x for x in output_lines[i].split(' ') if x] - self.assertEqual(len(parts), 5) + self.assertEqual(len(parts), 7) + self.assertEqual(parts, expect_lines[i]) + + +class TestReportDifferenceBetweenFamilies(unittest.TestCase): + def load_result(self): + import json + testInputs = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__)), 'Inputs') + testOutput = os.path.join(testInputs, 'test2_run.json') + with open(testOutput, 'r') as f: + json = json.load(f) + return json + + def test_basic(self): + expect_lines = [ + ['.', '-0.5000', '-0.5000', '10', '5', '10', '5'], + ['./4', '-0.5000', '-0.5000', '40', '20', '40', '20'], + ['Prefix/.', '-0.5000', '-0.5000', '20', '10', '20', '10'], + ['Prefix/./3', '-0.5000', '-0.5000', '30', '15', '30', '15'], + ] + json = self.load_result() + json1 = filter_benchmark(json, "BM_Z.ro", ".") + json2 = filter_benchmark(json, "BM_O.e", ".") + output_lines_with_header = generate_difference_report(json1, json2, use_color=False) + output_lines = output_lines_with_header[2:] + print("\n") + print("\n".join(output_lines_with_header)) + self.assertEqual(len(output_lines), len(expect_lines)) + for i in range(0, len(output_lines)): + parts = [x for x in output_lines[i].split(' ') if x] + self.assertEqual(len(parts), 7) self.assertEqual(parts, expect_lines[i]) if __name__ == '__main__': unittest.main() + +# vim: tabstop=4 expandtab shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4 +# kate: tab-width: 4; replace-tabs on; indent-width 4; tab-indents: off; +# kate: indent-mode python; remove-trailing-spaces modified; diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/tools/strip_asm.py b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/tools/strip_asm.py new file mode 100755 index 0000000..9030550 --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/benchmark/tools/strip_asm.py @@ -0,0 +1,151 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +strip_asm.py - Cleanup ASM output for the specified file +""" + +from argparse import ArgumentParser +import sys +import os +import re + +def find_used_labels(asm): + found = set() + label_re = re.compile("\s*j[a-z]+\s+\.L([a-zA-Z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9_]*)") + for l in asm.splitlines(): + m = label_re.match(l) + if m: + found.add('.L%s' % m.group(1)) + return found + + +def normalize_labels(asm): + decls = set() + label_decl = re.compile("^[.]{0,1}L([a-zA-Z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9_]*)(?=:)") + for l in asm.splitlines(): + m = label_decl.match(l) + if m: + decls.add(m.group(0)) + if len(decls) == 0: + return asm + needs_dot = next(iter(decls))[0] != '.' + if not needs_dot: + return asm + for ld in decls: + asm = re.sub("(^|\s+)" + ld + "(?=:|\s)", '\\1.' + ld, asm) + return asm + + +def transform_labels(asm): + asm = normalize_labels(asm) + used_decls = find_used_labels(asm) + new_asm = '' + label_decl = re.compile("^\.L([a-zA-Z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9_]*)(?=:)") + for l in asm.splitlines(): + m = label_decl.match(l) + if not m or m.group(0) in used_decls: + new_asm += l + new_asm += '\n' + return new_asm + + +def is_identifier(tk): + if len(tk) == 0: + return False + first = tk[0] + if not first.isalpha() and first != '_': + return False + for i in range(1, len(tk)): + c = tk[i] + if not c.isalnum() and c != '_': + return False + return True + +def process_identifiers(l): + """ + process_identifiers - process all identifiers and modify them to have + consistent names across all platforms; specifically across ELF and MachO. + For example, MachO inserts an additional understore at the beginning of + names. This function removes that. + """ + parts = re.split(r'([a-zA-Z0-9_]+)', l) + new_line = '' + for tk in parts: + if is_identifier(tk): + if tk.startswith('__Z'): + tk = tk[1:] + elif tk.startswith('_') and len(tk) > 1 and \ + tk[1].isalpha() and tk[1] != 'Z': + tk = tk[1:] + new_line += tk + return new_line + + +def process_asm(asm): + """ + Strip the ASM of unwanted directives and lines + """ + new_contents = '' + asm = transform_labels(asm) + + # TODO: Add more things we want to remove + discard_regexes = [ + re.compile("\s+\..*$"), # directive + re.compile("\s*#(NO_APP|APP)$"), #inline ASM + re.compile("\s*#.*$"), # comment line + re.compile("\s*\.globa?l\s*([.a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9$_.]*)"), #global directive + re.compile("\s*\.(string|asciz|ascii|[1248]?byte|short|word|long|quad|value|zero)"), + ] + keep_regexes = [ + + ] + fn_label_def = re.compile("^[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_.]*:") + for l in asm.splitlines(): + # Remove Mach-O attribute + l = l.replace('@GOTPCREL', '') + add_line = True + for reg in discard_regexes: + if reg.match(l) is not None: + add_line = False + break + for reg in keep_regexes: + if reg.match(l) is not None: + add_line = True + break + if add_line: + if fn_label_def.match(l) and len(new_contents) != 0: + new_contents += '\n' + l = process_identifiers(l) + new_contents += l + new_contents += '\n' + return new_contents + +def main(): + parser = ArgumentParser( + description='generate a stripped assembly file') + parser.add_argument( + 'input', metavar='input', type=str, nargs=1, + help='An input assembly file') + parser.add_argument( + 'out', metavar='output', type=str, nargs=1, + help='The output file') + args, unknown_args = parser.parse_known_args() + input = args.input[0] + output = args.out[0] + if not os.path.isfile(input): + print(("ERROR: input file '%s' does not exist") % input) + sys.exit(1) + contents = None + with open(input, 'r') as f: + contents = f.read() + new_contents = process_asm(contents) + with open(output, 'w') as f: + f.write(new_contents) + + +if __name__ == '__main__': + main() + +# vim: tabstop=4 expandtab shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4 +# kate: tab-width: 4; replace-tabs on; indent-width 4; tab-indents: off; +# kate: indent-mode python; remove-trailing-spaces modified; diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/.clang-format b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/.clang-format new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5b9bfe6 --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/.clang-format @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +# Run manually to reformat a file: +# clang-format -i --style=file +Language: Cpp +BasedOnStyle: Google diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/.gitignore b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/.gitignore index ce310bc..f08cb72 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/.gitignore +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/.gitignore @@ -1,2 +1,84 @@ # Ignore CI build directory build/ +xcuserdata +cmake-build-debug/ +.idea/ +bazel-bin +bazel-genfiles +bazel-googletest +bazel-out +bazel-testlogs +# python +*.pyc + +# Visual Studio files +.vs +*.sdf +*.opensdf +*.VC.opendb +*.suo +*.user +_ReSharper.Caches/ +Win32-Debug/ +Win32-Release/ +x64-Debug/ +x64-Release/ + +# Ignore autoconf / automake files +Makefile.in +aclocal.m4 +configure +build-aux/ +autom4te.cache/ +googletest/m4/libtool.m4 +googletest/m4/ltoptions.m4 +googletest/m4/ltsugar.m4 +googletest/m4/ltversion.m4 +googletest/m4/lt~obsolete.m4 +googlemock/m4 + +# Ignore generated directories. +googlemock/fused-src/ +googletest/fused-src/ + +# macOS files +.DS_Store +googletest/.DS_Store +googletest/xcode/.DS_Store + +# Ignore cmake generated directories and files. +CMakeFiles +CTestTestfile.cmake +Makefile +cmake_install.cmake +googlemock/CMakeFiles +googlemock/CTestTestfile.cmake +googlemock/Makefile +googlemock/cmake_install.cmake +googlemock/gtest +/bin +/googlemock/gmock.dir +/googlemock/gmock_main.dir +/googlemock/RUN_TESTS.vcxproj.filters +/googlemock/RUN_TESTS.vcxproj +/googlemock/INSTALL.vcxproj.filters +/googlemock/INSTALL.vcxproj +/googlemock/gmock_main.vcxproj.filters +/googlemock/gmock_main.vcxproj +/googlemock/gmock.vcxproj.filters +/googlemock/gmock.vcxproj +/googlemock/gmock.sln +/googlemock/ALL_BUILD.vcxproj.filters +/googlemock/ALL_BUILD.vcxproj +/lib +/Win32 +/ZERO_CHECK.vcxproj.filters +/ZERO_CHECK.vcxproj +/RUN_TESTS.vcxproj.filters +/RUN_TESTS.vcxproj +/INSTALL.vcxproj.filters +/INSTALL.vcxproj +/googletest-distribution.sln +/CMakeCache.txt +/ALL_BUILD.vcxproj.filters +/ALL_BUILD.vcxproj diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/.travis.yml b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/.travis.yml index 3204dfa..04b51dd 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/.travis.yml +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/.travis.yml @@ -1,17 +1,54 @@ # Build matrix / environment variable are explained on: -# http://about.travis-ci.org/docs/user/build-configuration/ +# https://docs.travis-ci.com/user/customizing-the-build/ # This file can be validated on: # http://lint.travis-ci.org/ +language: cpp + +# Define the matrix explicitly, manually expanding the combinations of (os, compiler, env). +# It is more tedious, but grants us far more flexibility. +matrix: + include: + - os: linux + before_install: chmod -R +x ./ci/*platformio.sh + install: ./ci/install-platformio.sh + script: ./ci/build-platformio.sh + - os: linux + dist: xenial + compiler: gcc + install: ./ci/install-linux.sh && ./ci/log-config.sh + script: ./ci/build-linux-bazel.sh + - os: linux + dist: xenial + compiler: clang + install: ./ci/install-linux.sh && ./ci/log-config.sh + script: ./ci/build-linux-bazel.sh + - os: linux + compiler: gcc + env: BUILD_TYPE=Debug VERBOSE=1 CXX_FLAGS=-std=c++11 + - os: linux + compiler: clang + env: BUILD_TYPE=Release VERBOSE=1 CXX_FLAGS=-std=c++11 -Wgnu-zero-variadic-macro-arguments + - os: linux + compiler: clang + env: BUILD_TYPE=Release VERBOSE=1 CXX_FLAGS=-std=c++11 NO_EXCEPTION=ON NO_RTTI=ON COMPILER_IS_GNUCXX=ON + - os: osx + compiler: gcc + env: BUILD_TYPE=Release VERBOSE=1 CXX_FLAGS=-std=c++11 HOMEBREW_LOGS=~/homebrew-logs HOMEBREW_TEMP=~/homebrew-temp + - os: osx + compiler: clang + env: BUILD_TYPE=Release VERBOSE=1 CXX_FLAGS=-std=c++11 HOMEBREW_LOGS=~/homebrew-logs HOMEBREW_TEMP=~/homebrew-temp + +# These are the install and build (script) phases for the most common entries in the matrix. They could be included +# in each entry in the matrix, but that is just repetitive. install: -# /usr/bin/gcc is 4.6 always, but gcc-X.Y is available. -- if [ "$CXX" = "g++" ]; then export CXX="g++-4.9" CC="gcc-4.9"; fi -# /usr/bin/clang is 3.4, lets override with modern one. -- if [ "$CXX" = "clang++" ] && [ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" = "linux" ]; then export CXX="clang++-3.7" CC="clang-3.7"; fi -- echo ${PATH} -- echo ${CXX} -- ${CXX} --version -- ${CXX} -v + - ./ci/install-${TRAVIS_OS_NAME}.sh + - . ./ci/env-${TRAVIS_OS_NAME}.sh + - ./ci/log-config.sh + +script: ./ci/travis.sh + +# This section installs the necessary dependencies. addons: apt: # List of whitelisted in travis packages for ubuntu-precise can be found here: @@ -20,27 +57,17 @@ addons: # https://github.com/travis-ci/apt-source-whitelist/blob/master/ubuntu.json sources: - ubuntu-toolchain-r-test - - llvm-toolchain-precise-3.7 + - llvm-toolchain-precise-3.9 packages: - - gcc-4.9 - g++-4.9 - - clang-3.7 - - valgrind -os: - - linux - - osx -language: cpp -compiler: - - gcc - - clang -script: ./travis.sh -env: - matrix: - - GTEST_TARGET=googletest SHARED_LIB=OFF STATIC_LIB=ON CMAKE_PKG=OFF BUILD_TYPE=debug VERBOSE_MAKE=true VERBOSE - - GTEST_TARGET=googlemock SHARED_LIB=OFF STATIC_LIB=ON CMAKE_PKG=OFF BUILD_TYPE=debug VERBOSE_MAKE=true VERBOSE - - GTEST_TARGET=googlemock SHARED_LIB=OFF STATIC_LIB=ON CMAKE_PKG=OFF BUILD_TYPE=debug CXX_FLAGS=-std=c++11 VERBOSE_MAKE=true VERBOSE -# - GTEST_TARGET=googletest SHARED_LIB=ON STATIC_LIB=ON CMAKE_PKG=ON BUILD_TYPE=release VERBOSE_MAKE=false -# - GTEST_TARGET=googlemock SHARED_LIB=ON STATIC_LIB=ON CMAKE_PKG=ON BUILD_TYPE=release VERBOSE_MAKE=false + - clang-3.9 + update: true + homebrew: + packages: + - ccache + - gcc@4.9 + - llvm@4 + update: true + notifications: email: false -sudo: false diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/BUILD.bazel b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/BUILD.bazel new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9b48aee --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/BUILD.bazel @@ -0,0 +1,179 @@ +# Copyright 2017 Google Inc. +# All Rights Reserved. +# +# +# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are +# met: +# +# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above +# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer +# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the +# distribution. +# * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its +# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from +# this software without specific prior written permission. +# +# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS +# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT +# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR +# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT +# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, +# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT +# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, +# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY +# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT +# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE +# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. +# +# Bazel Build for Google C++ Testing Framework(Google Test) + +load("@rules_cc//cc:defs.bzl", "cc_library", "cc_test") + +package(default_visibility = ["//visibility:public"]) + +licenses(["notice"]) + +config_setting( + name = "windows", + constraint_values = ["@bazel_tools//platforms:windows"], +) + +config_setting( + name = "has_absl", + values = {"define": "absl=1"}, +) + +# Library that defines the FRIEND_TEST macro. +cc_library( + name = "gtest_prod", + hdrs = ["googletest/include/gtest/gtest_prod.h"], + includes = ["googletest/include"], +) + +# Google Test including Google Mock +cc_library( + name = "gtest", + srcs = glob( + include = [ + "googletest/src/*.cc", + "googletest/src/*.h", + "googletest/include/gtest/**/*.h", + "googlemock/src/*.cc", + "googlemock/include/gmock/**/*.h", + ], + exclude = [ + "googletest/src/gtest-all.cc", + "googletest/src/gtest_main.cc", + "googlemock/src/gmock-all.cc", + "googlemock/src/gmock_main.cc", + ], + ), + hdrs = glob([ + "googletest/include/gtest/*.h", + "googlemock/include/gmock/*.h", + ]), + copts = select({ + ":windows": [], + "//conditions:default": ["-pthread"], + }), + defines = select({ + ":has_absl": ["GTEST_HAS_ABSL=1"], + "//conditions:default": [], + }), + features = select({ + ":windows": ["windows_export_all_symbols"], + "//conditions:default": [], + }), + includes = [ + "googlemock", + "googlemock/include", + "googletest", + "googletest/include", + ], + linkopts = select({ + ":windows": [], + "//conditions:default": ["-pthread"], + }), + deps = select({ + ":has_absl": [ + "@com_google_absl//absl/debugging:failure_signal_handler", + "@com_google_absl//absl/debugging:stacktrace", + "@com_google_absl//absl/debugging:symbolize", + "@com_google_absl//absl/strings", + "@com_google_absl//absl/types:optional", + "@com_google_absl//absl/types:variant", + ], + "//conditions:default": [], + }), +) + +cc_library( + name = "gtest_main", + srcs = ["googlemock/src/gmock_main.cc"], + features = select({ + ":windows": ["windows_export_all_symbols"], + "//conditions:default": [], + }), + deps = [":gtest"], +) + +# The following rules build samples of how to use gTest. +cc_library( + name = "gtest_sample_lib", + srcs = [ + "googletest/samples/sample1.cc", + "googletest/samples/sample2.cc", + "googletest/samples/sample4.cc", + ], + hdrs = [ + "googletest/samples/prime_tables.h", + "googletest/samples/sample1.h", + "googletest/samples/sample2.h", + "googletest/samples/sample3-inl.h", + "googletest/samples/sample4.h", + ], + features = select({ + ":windows": ["windows_export_all_symbols"], + "//conditions:default": [], + }), +) + +cc_test( + name = "gtest_samples", + size = "small", + # All Samples except: + # sample9 (main) + # sample10 (main and takes a command line option and needs to be separate) + srcs = [ + "googletest/samples/sample1_unittest.cc", + "googletest/samples/sample2_unittest.cc", + "googletest/samples/sample3_unittest.cc", + "googletest/samples/sample4_unittest.cc", + "googletest/samples/sample5_unittest.cc", + "googletest/samples/sample6_unittest.cc", + "googletest/samples/sample7_unittest.cc", + "googletest/samples/sample8_unittest.cc", + ], + linkstatic = 0, + deps = [ + "gtest_sample_lib", + ":gtest_main", + ], +) + +cc_test( + name = "sample9_unittest", + size = "small", + srcs = ["googletest/samples/sample9_unittest.cc"], + deps = [":gtest"], +) + +cc_test( + name = "sample10_unittest", + size = "small", + srcs = ["googletest/samples/sample10_unittest.cc"], + deps = [":gtest"], +) diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/CMakeLists.txt b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/CMakeLists.txt index 8d2b552..f11bbb5 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/CMakeLists.txt +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/CMakeLists.txt @@ -1,16 +1,36 @@ -cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.6.2) +# Note: CMake support is community-based. The maintainers do not use CMake +# internally. -project( googletest-distribution ) +cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8.8) + +if (POLICY CMP0048) + cmake_policy(SET CMP0048 NEW) +endif (POLICY CMP0048) + +project(googletest-distribution) +set(GOOGLETEST_VERSION 1.10.0) + +if (CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_LESS "3.1") + add_definitions(-std=c++11) +else() + set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11) + set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON) + if(NOT CYGWIN) + set(CMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS OFF) + endif() +endif() enable_testing() -option(BUILD_GTEST "Builds the googletest subproject" OFF) +include(CMakeDependentOption) +include(GNUInstallDirs) #Note that googlemock target already builds googletest option(BUILD_GMOCK "Builds the googlemock subproject" ON) +option(INSTALL_GTEST "Enable installation of googletest. (Projects embedding googletest may want to turn this OFF.)" ON) if(BUILD_GMOCK) add_subdirectory( googlemock ) -elseif(BUILD_GTEST) +else() add_subdirectory( googletest ) endif() diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/CONTRIBUTING.md b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/CONTRIBUTING.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..30c8d89 --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/CONTRIBUTING.md @@ -0,0 +1,142 @@ +# How to become a contributor and submit your own code + +## Contributor License Agreements + +We'd love to accept your patches! Before we can take them, we have to jump a +couple of legal hurdles. + +Please fill out either the individual or corporate Contributor License Agreement +(CLA). + +* If you are an individual writing original source code and you're sure you + own the intellectual property, then you'll need to sign an + [individual CLA](https://developers.google.com/open-source/cla/individual). +* If you work for a company that wants to allow you to contribute your work, + then you'll need to sign a + [corporate CLA](https://developers.google.com/open-source/cla/corporate). + +Follow either of the two links above to access the appropriate CLA and +instructions for how to sign and return it. Once we receive it, we'll be able to +accept your pull requests. + +## Are you a Googler? + +If you are a Googler, please make an attempt to submit an internal change rather +than a GitHub Pull Request. If you are not able to submit an internal change a +PR is acceptable as an alternative. + +## Contributing A Patch + +1. Submit an issue describing your proposed change to the + [issue tracker](https://github.com/google/googletest). +2. Please don't mix more than one logical change per submittal, because it + makes the history hard to follow. If you want to make a change that doesn't + have a corresponding issue in the issue tracker, please create one. +3. Also, coordinate with team members that are listed on the issue in question. + This ensures that work isn't being duplicated and communicating your plan + early also generally leads to better patches. +4. If your proposed change is accepted, and you haven't already done so, sign a + Contributor License Agreement (see details above). +5. Fork the desired repo, develop and test your code changes. +6. Ensure that your code adheres to the existing style in the sample to which + you are contributing. +7. Ensure that your code has an appropriate set of unit tests which all pass. +8. Submit a pull request. + +## The Google Test and Google Mock Communities + +The Google Test community exists primarily through the +[discussion group](http://groups.google.com/group/googletestframework) and the +GitHub repository. Likewise, the Google Mock community exists primarily through +their own [discussion group](http://groups.google.com/group/googlemock). You are +definitely encouraged to contribute to the discussion and you can also help us +to keep the effectiveness of the group high by following and promoting the +guidelines listed here. + +### Please Be Friendly + +Showing courtesy and respect to others is a vital part of the Google culture, +and we strongly encourage everyone participating in Google Test development to +join us in accepting nothing less. Of course, being courteous is not the same as +failing to constructively disagree with each other, but it does mean that we +should be respectful of each other when enumerating the 42 technical reasons +that a particular proposal may not be the best choice. There's never a reason to +be antagonistic or dismissive toward anyone who is sincerely trying to +contribute to a discussion. + +Sure, C++ testing is serious business and all that, but it's also a lot of fun. +Let's keep it that way. Let's strive to be one of the friendliest communities in +all of open source. + +As always, discuss Google Test in the official GoogleTest discussion group. You +don't have to actually submit code in order to sign up. Your participation +itself is a valuable contribution. + +## Style + +To keep the source consistent, readable, diffable and easy to merge, we use a +fairly rigid coding style, as defined by the +[google-styleguide](https://github.com/google/styleguide) project. All patches +will be expected to conform to the style outlined +[here](https://google.github.io/styleguide/cppguide.html). Use +[.clang-format](https://github.com/google/googletest/blob/master/.clang-format) +to check your formatting + +## Requirements for Contributors + +If you plan to contribute a patch, you need to build Google Test, Google Mock, +and their own tests from a git checkout, which has further requirements: + +* [Python](https://www.python.org/) v2.3 or newer (for running some of the + tests and re-generating certain source files from templates) +* [CMake](https://cmake.org/) v2.6.4 or newer + +## Developing Google Test and Google Mock + +This section discusses how to make your own changes to the Google Test project. + +### Testing Google Test and Google Mock Themselves + +To make sure your changes work as intended and don't break existing +functionality, you'll want to compile and run Google Test and GoogleMock's own +tests. For that you can use CMake: + + mkdir mybuild + cd mybuild + cmake -Dgtest_build_tests=ON -Dgmock_build_tests=ON ${GTEST_REPO_DIR} + +To choose between building only Google Test or Google Mock, you may modify your +cmake command to be one of each + + cmake -Dgtest_build_tests=ON ${GTEST_DIR} # sets up Google Test tests + cmake -Dgmock_build_tests=ON ${GMOCK_DIR} # sets up Google Mock tests + +Make sure you have Python installed, as some of Google Test's tests are written +in Python. If the cmake command complains about not being able to find Python +(`Could NOT find PythonInterp (missing: PYTHON_EXECUTABLE)`), try telling it +explicitly where your Python executable can be found: + + cmake -DPYTHON_EXECUTABLE=path/to/python ... + +Next, you can build Google Test and / or Google Mock and all desired tests. On +\*nix, this is usually done by + + make + +To run the tests, do + + make test + +All tests should pass. + +### Regenerating Source Files + +Some of Google Test's source files are generated from templates (not in the C++ +sense) using a script. For example, the file +include/gtest/internal/gtest-type-util.h.pump is used to generate +gtest-type-util.h in the same directory. + +You don't need to worry about regenerating the source files unless you need to +modify them. You would then modify the corresponding `.pump` files and run the +'[pump.py](googletest/scripts/pump.py)' generator script. See the +[Pump Manual](googletest/docs/pump_manual.md). diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/LICENSE b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/LICENSE new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1941a11 --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/LICENSE @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +Copyright 2008, Google Inc. +All rights reserved. + +Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are +met: + + * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. + * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above +copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer +in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the +distribution. + * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its +contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from +this software without specific prior written permission. + +THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS +"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT +LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR +A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT +OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, +SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT +LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, +DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY +THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT +(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE +OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/README.md b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/README.md index 076484e..5b417fa 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/README.md +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/README.md @@ -1,70 +1,97 @@ +# Google Test -# Google Test # +#### OSS Builds Status: -[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/google/googletest.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/google/googletest) -[![Build status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/4o38plt0xbo1ubc8/branch/master?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/BillyDonahue/googletest/branch/master) +[![Build Status](https://api.travis-ci.org/google/googletest.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/google/googletest) +[![Build status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/4o38plt0xbo1ubc8/branch/master?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/GoogleTestAppVeyor/googletest/branch/master) -Welcome to **Google Test**, Google's C++ test framework! +### Future Plans -This repository is a merger of the formerly separate GoogleTest and -GoogleMock projects. These were so closely related that it makes sense to -maintain and release them together. +#### 1.8.x Release: -Please see the project page above for more information as well as the -mailing list for questions, discussions, and development. There is -also an IRC channel on OFTC (irc.oftc.net) #gtest available. Please -join us! +[the 1.8.x](https://github.com/google/googletest/releases/tag/release-1.8.1) is +the last release that works with pre-C++11 compilers. The 1.8.x will not accept +any requests for any new features and any bugfix requests will only be accepted +if proven "critical" -Getting started information for **Google Test** is available in the -[Google Test Primer](googletest/docs/Primer.md) documentation. +#### Post 1.8.x: + +On-going work to improve/cleanup/pay technical debt. When this work is completed +there will be a 1.9.x tagged release + +#### Post 1.9.x + +Post 1.9.x googletest will follow +[Abseil Live at Head philosophy](https://abseil.io/about/philosophy) + +## Welcome to **Google Test**, Google's C++ test framework! + +This repository is a merger of the formerly separate GoogleTest and GoogleMock +projects. These were so closely related that it makes sense to maintain and +release them together. + +Please subscribe to the mailing list at googletestframework@googlegroups.com for +questions, discussions, and development. + +### Getting started: + +The information for **Google Test** is available in the +[Google Test Primer](googletest/docs/primer.md) documentation. **Google Mock** is an extension to Google Test for writing and using C++ mock -classes. See the separate [Google Mock documentation](googlemock/README.md). +classes. See the separate [Google Mock documentation](googlemock/README.md). -More detailed documentation for googletest (including build instructions) are -in its interior [googletest/README.md](googletest/README.md) file. +More detailed documentation for googletest is in its interior +[googletest/README.md](googletest/README.md) file. -## Features ## +## Features - * An [XUnit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XUnit) test framework. - * Test discovery. - * A rich set of assertions. - * User-defined assertions. - * Death tests. - * Fatal and non-fatal failures. - * Value-parameterized tests. - * Type-parameterized tests. - * Various options for running the tests. - * XML test report generation. +* An [xUnit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XUnit) test framework. +* Test discovery. +* A rich set of assertions. +* User-defined assertions. +* Death tests. +* Fatal and non-fatal failures. +* Value-parameterized tests. +* Type-parameterized tests. +* Various options for running the tests. +* XML test report generation. -## Platforms ## +## Platforms Google test has been used on a variety of platforms: - * Linux - * Mac OS X - * Windows - * Cygwin - * MinGW - * Windows Mobile - * Symbian +* Linux +* Mac OS X +* Windows +* Cygwin +* MinGW +* Windows Mobile +* Symbian +* PlatformIO -## Who Is Using Google Test? ## +## Who Is Using Google Test? -In addition to many internal projects at Google, Google Test is also used by -the following notable projects: +In addition to many internal projects at Google, Google Test is also used by the +following notable projects: - * The [Chromium projects](http://www.chromium.org/) (behind the Chrome - browser and Chrome OS). - * The [LLVM](http://llvm.org/) compiler. - * [Protocol Buffers](https://github.com/google/protobuf), Google's data +* The [Chromium projects](http://www.chromium.org/) (behind the Chrome browser + and Chrome OS). +* The [LLVM](http://llvm.org/) compiler. +* [Protocol Buffers](https://github.com/google/protobuf), Google's data interchange format. - * The [OpenCV](http://opencv.org/) computer vision library. +* The [OpenCV](http://opencv.org/) computer vision library. +* [tiny-dnn](https://github.com/tiny-dnn/tiny-dnn): header only, + dependency-free deep learning framework in C++11. -## Related Open Source Projects ## +## Related Open Source Projects -[Google Test UI](https://github.com/ospector/gtest-gbar) is test runner that runs -your test binary, allows you to track its progress via a progress bar, and +[GTest Runner](https://github.com/nholthaus/gtest-runner) is a Qt5 based +automated test-runner and Graphical User Interface with powerful features for +Windows and Linux platforms. + +[Google Test UI](https://github.com/ospector/gtest-gbar) is test runner that +runs your test binary, allows you to track its progress via a progress bar, and displays a list of test failures. Clicking on one shows failure text. Google Test UI is written in C#. @@ -73,70 +100,35 @@ listener for Google Test that implements the [TAP protocol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_Anything_Protocol) for test result output. If your test runner understands TAP, you may find it useful. -## Requirements ## +[gtest-parallel](https://github.com/google/gtest-parallel) is a test runner that +runs tests from your binary in parallel to provide significant speed-up. -Google Test is designed to have fairly minimal requirements to build -and use with your projects, but there are some. Currently, we support -Linux, Windows, Mac OS X, and Cygwin. We will also make our best -effort to support other platforms (e.g. Solaris, AIX, and z/OS). -However, since core members of the Google Test project have no access -to these platforms, Google Test may have outstanding issues there. If -you notice any problems on your platform, please notify -. Patches for fixing them are -even more welcome! +[GoogleTest Adapter](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=DavidSchuldenfrei.gtest-adapter) +is a VS Code extension allowing to view Google Tests in a tree view, and +run/debug your tests. -### Linux Requirements ### +## Requirements + +Google Test is designed to have fairly minimal requirements to build and use +with your projects, but there are some. If you notice any problems on your +platform, please notify +[googletestframework@googlegroups.com](https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/googletestframework). +Patches for fixing them are welcome! + +### Build Requirements These are the base requirements to build and use Google Test from a source -package (as described below): +package: - * GNU-compatible Make or gmake - * POSIX-standard shell - * POSIX(-2) Regular Expressions (regex.h) - * A C++98-standard-compliant compiler +* [Bazel](https://bazel.build/) or [CMake](https://cmake.org/). NOTE: Bazel is + the build system that googletest is using internally and tests against. + CMake is community-supported. -### Windows Requirements ### +* a C++11-standard-compliant compiler - * Microsoft Visual C++ v7.1 or newer +## Contributing change -### Cygwin Requirements ### - - * Cygwin v1.5.25-14 or newer - -### Mac OS X Requirements ### - - * Mac OS X v10.4 Tiger or newer - * Xcode Developer Tools - -### Requirements for Contributors ### - -We welcome patches. If you plan to contribute a patch, you need to -build Google Test and its own tests from a git checkout (described -below), which has further requirements: - - * [Python](https://www.python.org/) v2.3 or newer (for running some of - the tests and re-generating certain source files from templates) - * [CMake](https://cmake.org/) v2.6.4 or newer - -## Regenerating Source Files ## - -Some of Google Test's source files are generated from templates (not -in the C++ sense) using a script. -For example, the -file include/gtest/internal/gtest-type-util.h.pump is used to generate -gtest-type-util.h in the same directory. - -You don't need to worry about regenerating the source files -unless you need to modify them. You would then modify the -corresponding `.pump` files and run the '[pump.py](googletest/scripts/pump.py)' -generator script. See the [Pump Manual](googletest/docs/PumpManual.md). - -### Contributing Code ### - -We welcome patches. Please read the -[Developer's Guide](googletest/docs/DevGuide.md) -for how you can contribute. In particular, make sure you have signed -the Contributor License Agreement, or we won't be able to accept the -patch. +Please read the [`CONTRIBUTING.md`](CONTRIBUTING.md) for details on how to +contribute to this project. Happy testing! diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/WORKSPACE b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/WORKSPACE new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2289bdb --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/WORKSPACE @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +workspace(name = "com_google_googletest") + +load("@bazel_tools//tools/build_defs/repo:http.bzl", "http_archive") + +# Abseil +http_archive( + name = "com_google_absl", + urls = ["https://github.com/abseil/abseil-cpp/archive/master.zip"], + strip_prefix = "abseil-cpp-master", +) + +http_archive( + name = "rules_cc", + strip_prefix = "rules_cc-master", + urls = ["https://github.com/bazelbuild/rules_cc/archive/master.zip"], +) + +http_archive( + name = "rules_python", + strip_prefix = "rules_python-master", + urls = ["https://github.com/bazelbuild/rules_python/archive/master.zip"], +) + diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/appveyor.yml b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/appveyor.yml index d613fd6..a58b768 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/appveyor.yml +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/appveyor.yml @@ -4,68 +4,151 @@ os: Visual Studio 2015 environment: matrix: - - Toolset: v140 - - Toolset: v120 - - Toolset: v110 - - Toolset: v100 + - compiler: msvc-15-seh + generator: "Visual Studio 15 2017" + build_system: cmake + APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2017 -platform: - - Win32 - - x64 + - compiler: msvc-15-seh + generator: "Visual Studio 15 2017 Win64" + build_system: cmake + APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2017 + enabled_on_pr: yes + + - compiler: msvc-15-seh + build_system: bazel + APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2017 + enabled_on_pr: yes + + - compiler: msvc-14-seh + build_system: cmake + generator: "Visual Studio 14 2015" + enabled_on_pr: yes + + - compiler: msvc-14-seh + build_system: cmake + generator: "Visual Studio 14 2015 Win64" + + - compiler: gcc-6.3.0-posix + build_system: cmake + generator: "MinGW Makefiles" + cxx_path: 'C:\mingw-w64\i686-6.3.0-posix-dwarf-rt_v5-rev1\mingw32\bin' + enabled_on_pr: yes configuration: -# - Release - Debug build: verbosity: minimal -artifacts: - - path: '_build/Testing/Temporary/*' - name: test_results +install: +- ps: | + Write-Output "Compiler: $env:compiler" + Write-Output "Generator: $env:generator" + Write-Output "Env:Configuation: $env:configuration" + Write-Output "Env: $env" + if (-not (Test-Path env:APPVEYOR_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER)) { + Write-Output "This is *NOT* a pull request build" + } else { + Write-Output "This is a pull request build" + if (-not (Test-Path env:enabled_on_pr) -or $env:enabled_on_pr -ne "yes") { + Write-Output "PR builds are *NOT* explicitly enabled" + } + } + + # install Bazel + if ($env:build_system -eq "bazel") { + appveyor DownloadFile https://github.com/bazelbuild/bazel/releases/download/0.28.1/bazel-0.28.1-windows-x86_64.exe -FileName bazel.exe + } + + if ($env:build_system -eq "cmake") { + # git bash conflicts with MinGW makefiles + if ($env:generator -eq "MinGW Makefiles") { + $env:path = $env:path.replace("C:\Program Files\Git\usr\bin;", "") + if ($env:cxx_path -ne "") { + $env:path += ";$env:cxx_path" + } + } + } before_build: - ps: | - Write-Output "Configuration: $env:CONFIGURATION" - Write-Output "Platform: $env:PLATFORM" - $generator = switch ($env:TOOLSET) - { - "v140" {"Visual Studio 14 2015"} - "v120" {"Visual Studio 12 2013"} - "v110" {"Visual Studio 11 2012"} - "v100" {"Visual Studio 10 2010"} - } - if ($env:PLATFORM -eq "x64") - { - $generator = "$generator Win64" - } + $env:root=$env:APPVEYOR_BUILD_FOLDER + Write-Output "env:root: $env:root" build_script: - ps: | - if (($env:TOOLSET -eq "v100") -and ($env:PLATFORM -eq "x64")) - { - return + # Only enable some builds for pull requests, the AppVeyor queue is too long. + if ((Test-Path env:APPVEYOR_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER) -And (-not (Test-Path env:enabled_on_pr) -or $env:enabled_on_pr -ne "yes")) { + return + } else { + # special case - build with Bazel + if ($env:build_system -eq "bazel") { + & $env:root\bazel.exe build -c opt //:gtest_samples + if ($LastExitCode -eq 0) { # bazel writes to StdErr and PowerShell interprets it as an error + $host.SetShouldExit(0) + } else { # a real error + throw "Exec: $ErrorMessage" + } + return + } } + # by default build with CMake md _build -Force | Out-Null cd _build - & cmake -G "$generator" -DCMAKE_CONFIGURATION_TYPES="Debug;Release" -Dgtest_build_tests=ON -Dgtest_build_samples=ON -Dgmock_build_tests=ON .. + $conf = if ($env:generator -eq "MinGW Makefiles") {"-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=$env:configuration"} else {"-DCMAKE_CONFIGURATION_TYPES=Debug;Release"} + # Disable test for MinGW (gtest tests fail, gmock tests can not build) + $gtest_build_tests = if ($env:generator -eq "MinGW Makefiles") {"-Dgtest_build_tests=OFF"} else {"-Dgtest_build_tests=ON"} + $gmock_build_tests = if ($env:generator -eq "MinGW Makefiles") {"-Dgmock_build_tests=OFF"} else {"-Dgmock_build_tests=ON"} + & cmake -G "$env:generator" $conf -Dgtest_build_samples=ON $gtest_build_tests $gmock_build_tests .. if ($LastExitCode -ne 0) { throw "Exec: $ErrorMessage" } - & cmake --build . --config $env:CONFIGURATION + $cmake_parallel = if ($env:generator -eq "MinGW Makefiles") {"-j2"} else {"/m"} + & cmake --build . --config $env:configuration -- $cmake_parallel if ($LastExitCode -ne 0) { throw "Exec: $ErrorMessage" } + +skip_commits: + files: + - '**/*.md' + test_script: - ps: | - if (($env:Toolset -eq "v100") -and ($env:PLATFORM -eq "x64")) - { - return + # Only enable some builds for pull requests, the AppVeyor queue is too long. + if ((Test-Path env:APPVEYOR_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER) -And (-not (Test-Path env:enabled_on_pr) -or $env:enabled_on_pr -ne "yes")) { + return + } + if ($env:build_system -eq "bazel") { + # special case - testing with Bazel + & $env:root\bazel.exe test //:gtest_samples + if ($LastExitCode -eq 0) { # bazel writes to StdErr and PowerShell interprets it as an error + $host.SetShouldExit(0) + } else { # a real error + throw "Exec: $ErrorMessage" + } + } + if ($env:build_system -eq "cmake") { + # built with CMake - test with CTest + if ($env:generator -eq "MinGW Makefiles") { + return # No test available for MinGW + } + + & ctest -C $env:configuration --timeout 600 --output-on-failure + if ($LastExitCode -ne 0) { + throw "Exec: $ErrorMessage" + } } - & ctest -C $env:CONFIGURATION --output-on-failure - if ($LastExitCode -ne 0) { - throw "Exec: $ErrorMessage" - } +artifacts: + - path: '_build/CMakeFiles/*.log' + name: logs + - path: '_build/Testing/**/*.xml' + name: test_results + - path: 'bazel-testlogs/**/test.log' + name: test_logs + - path: 'bazel-testlogs/**/test.xml' + name: test_results diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/ci/build-linux-bazel.sh b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/ci/build-linux-bazel.sh new file mode 100755 index 0000000..ae8fb75 --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/ci/build-linux-bazel.sh @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env bash +# Copyright 2017 Google Inc. +# All Rights Reserved. +# +# +# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are +# met: +# +# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above +# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer +# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the +# distribution. +# * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its +# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from +# this software without specific prior written permission. +# +# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS +# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT +# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR +# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT +# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, +# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT +# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, +# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY +# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT +# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE +# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. + +set -e + +bazel version +bazel build --curses=no //...:all +bazel test --curses=no //...:all +bazel test --curses=no //...:all --define absl=1 diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/ci/build-platformio.sh b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/ci/build-platformio.sh new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1d7658d --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/ci/build-platformio.sh @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +# run PlatformIO builds +platformio run diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/ci/env-linux.sh b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/ci/env-linux.sh new file mode 100755 index 0000000..37800d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/ci/env-linux.sh @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env bash +# Copyright 2017 Google Inc. +# All Rights Reserved. +# +# +# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are +# met: +# +# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above +# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer +# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the +# distribution. +# * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its +# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from +# this software without specific prior written permission. +# +# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS +# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT +# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR +# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT +# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, +# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT +# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, +# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY +# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT +# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE +# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. + +# +# This file should be sourced, and not executed as a standalone script. +# + +# TODO() - we can check if this is being sourced using $BASH_VERSION and $BASH_SOURCE[0] != ${0}. + +if [ "${TRAVIS_OS_NAME}" = "linux" ]; then + if [ "$CXX" = "g++" ]; then export CXX="g++-4.9" CC="gcc-4.9"; fi + if [ "$CXX" = "clang++" ]; then export CXX="clang++-3.9" CC="clang-3.9"; fi +fi diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googletest/xcode/Samples/FrameworkSample/runtests.sh b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/ci/env-osx.sh old mode 100644 new mode 100755 similarity index 63% rename from vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googletest/xcode/Samples/FrameworkSample/runtests.sh rename to vendor/github.com/google/googletest/ci/env-osx.sh index 4a0d413..9c421e1 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googletest/xcode/Samples/FrameworkSample/runtests.sh +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/ci/env-osx.sh @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -#!/bin/bash +#!/usr/bin/env bash +# Copyright 2017 Google Inc. +# All Rights Reserved. # -# Copyright 2008, Google Inc. -# All rights reserved. # # Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without # modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are @@ -29,34 +29,19 @@ # (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE # OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. -# Executes the samples and tests for the Google Test Framework. +# +# This file should be sourced, and not executed as a standalone script. +# -# Help the dynamic linker find the path to the libraries. -export DYLD_FRAMEWORK_PATH=$BUILT_PRODUCTS_DIR -export DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$BUILT_PRODUCTS_DIR +# TODO() - we can check if this is being sourced using $BASH_VERSION and $BASH_SOURCE[0] != ${0}. +# -# Create some executables. -test_executables=$@ - -# Now execute each one in turn keeping track of how many succeeded and failed. -succeeded=0 -failed=0 -failed_list=() -for test in ${test_executables[*]}; do - "$test" - result=$? - if [ $result -eq 0 ]; then - succeeded=$(( $succeeded + 1 )) - else - failed=$(( failed + 1 )) - failed_list="$failed_list $test" - fi -done - -# Report the successes and failures to the console. -echo "Tests complete with $succeeded successes and $failed failures." -if [ $failed -ne 0 ]; then - echo "The following tests failed:" - echo $failed_list +if [ "${TRAVIS_OS_NAME}" = "osx" ]; then + if [ "$CXX" = "clang++" ]; then + # $PATH needs to be adjusted because the llvm tap doesn't install the + # package to /usr/local/bin, etc, like the gcc tap does. + # See: https://github.com/Homebrew/legacy-homebrew/issues/29733 + clang_version=3.9 + export PATH="/usr/local/opt/llvm@${clang_version}/bin:$PATH"; + fi fi -exit $failed diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/ci/get-nprocessors.sh b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/ci/get-nprocessors.sh new file mode 100755 index 0000000..43635e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/ci/get-nprocessors.sh @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env bash +# Copyright 2017 Google Inc. +# All Rights Reserved. +# +# +# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are +# met: +# +# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above +# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer +# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the +# distribution. +# * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its +# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from +# this software without specific prior written permission. +# +# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS +# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT +# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR +# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT +# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, +# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT +# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, +# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY +# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT +# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE +# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. + +# This file is typically sourced by another script. +# if possible, ask for the precise number of processors, +# otherwise take 2 processors as reasonable default; see +# https://docs.travis-ci.com/user/speeding-up-the-build/#Makefile-optimization +if [ -x /usr/bin/getconf ]; then + NPROCESSORS=$(/usr/bin/getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN) +else + NPROCESSORS=2 +fi + +# as of 2017-09-04 Travis CI reports 32 processors, but GCC build +# crashes if parallelized too much (maybe memory consumption problem), +# so limit to 4 processors for the time being. +if [ $NPROCESSORS -gt 4 ] ; then + echo "$0:Note: Limiting processors to use by make from $NPROCESSORS to 4." + NPROCESSORS=4 +fi diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/ci/install-linux.sh b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/ci/install-linux.sh new file mode 100755 index 0000000..05e2cb2 --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/ci/install-linux.sh @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env bash +# Copyright 2017 Google Inc. +# All Rights Reserved. +# +# +# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are +# met: +# +# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above +# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer +# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the +# distribution. +# * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its +# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from +# this software without specific prior written permission. +# +# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS +# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT +# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR +# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT +# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, +# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT +# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, +# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY +# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT +# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE +# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. + +set -eu + +if [ "${TRAVIS_OS_NAME}" != linux ]; then + echo "Not a Linux build; skipping installation" + exit 0 +fi + + +if [ "${TRAVIS_SUDO}" = "true" ]; then + echo "deb [arch=amd64] http://storage.googleapis.com/bazel-apt stable jdk1.8" | \ + sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/bazel.list + curl https://bazel.build/bazel-release.pub.gpg | sudo apt-key add - + sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y bazel gcc-4.9 g++-4.9 clang-3.9 +elif [ "${CXX}" = "clang++" ]; then + # Use ccache, assuming $HOME/bin is in the path, which is true in the Travis build environment. + ln -sf /usr/bin/ccache $HOME/bin/${CXX}; + ln -sf /usr/bin/ccache $HOME/bin/${CC}; +fi diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/ci/install-osx.sh b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/ci/install-osx.sh new file mode 100755 index 0000000..cc47508 --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/ci/install-osx.sh @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env bash +# Copyright 2017 Google Inc. +# All Rights Reserved. +# +# +# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are +# met: +# +# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above +# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer +# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the +# distribution. +# * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its +# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from +# this software without specific prior written permission. +# +# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS +# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT +# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR +# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT +# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, +# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT +# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, +# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY +# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT +# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE +# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. + +set -eu + +if [ "${TRAVIS_OS_NAME}" != "osx" ]; then + echo "Not a macOS build; skipping installation" + exit 0 +fi + +brew update +brew install ccache gcc@4.9 diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/ci/install-platformio.sh b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/ci/install-platformio.sh new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4d7860a --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/ci/install-platformio.sh @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +# install PlatformIO +sudo pip install -U platformio + +# update PlatformIO +platformio update diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/ci/log-config.sh b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/ci/log-config.sh new file mode 100755 index 0000000..5fef119 --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/ci/log-config.sh @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env bash +# Copyright 2017 Google Inc. +# All Rights Reserved. +# +# +# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are +# met: +# +# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above +# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer +# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the +# distribution. +# * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its +# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from +# this software without specific prior written permission. +# +# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS +# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT +# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR +# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT +# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, +# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT +# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, +# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY +# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT +# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE +# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. + +set -e + +# ccache on OS X needs installation first +# reset ccache statistics +ccache --zero-stats + +echo PATH=${PATH} + +echo "Compiler configuration:" +echo CXX=${CXX} +echo CC=${CC} +echo CXXFLAGS=${CXXFLAGS} + +echo "C++ compiler version:" +${CXX} --version || echo "${CXX} does not seem to support the --version flag" +${CXX} -v || echo "${CXX} does not seem to support the -v flag" + +echo "C compiler version:" +${CC} --version || echo "${CXX} does not seem to support the --version flag" +${CC} -v || echo "${CXX} does not seem to support the -v flag" diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/ci/travis.sh b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/ci/travis.sh new file mode 100755 index 0000000..9ff3bad --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/ci/travis.sh @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env sh +set -evx + +. ci/get-nprocessors.sh + +# if possible, ask for the precise number of processors, +# otherwise take 2 processors as reasonable default; see +# https://docs.travis-ci.com/user/speeding-up-the-build/#Makefile-optimization +if [ -x /usr/bin/getconf ]; then + NPROCESSORS=$(/usr/bin/getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN) +else + NPROCESSORS=2 +fi +# as of 2017-09-04 Travis CI reports 32 processors, but GCC build +# crashes if parallelized too much (maybe memory consumption problem), +# so limit to 4 processors for the time being. +if [ $NPROCESSORS -gt 4 ] ; then + echo "$0:Note: Limiting processors to use by make from $NPROCESSORS to 4." + NPROCESSORS=4 +fi +# Tell make to use the processors. No preceding '-' required. +MAKEFLAGS="j${NPROCESSORS}" +export MAKEFLAGS + +env | sort + +# Set default values to OFF for these variables if not specified. +: "${NO_EXCEPTION:=OFF}" +: "${NO_RTTI:=OFF}" +: "${COMPILER_IS_GNUCXX:=OFF}" + +mkdir build || true +cd build +cmake -Dgtest_build_samples=ON \ + -Dgtest_build_tests=ON \ + -Dgmock_build_tests=ON \ + -Dcxx_no_exception=$NO_EXCEPTION \ + -Dcxx_no_rtti=$NO_RTTI \ + -DCMAKE_COMPILER_IS_GNUCXX=$COMPILER_IS_GNUCXX \ + -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS=$CXX_FLAGS \ + -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=$BUILD_TYPE \ + .. +make +CTEST_OUTPUT_ON_FAILURE=1 make test diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/CHANGES b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/CHANGES deleted file mode 100644 index d6f2f76..0000000 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/CHANGES +++ /dev/null @@ -1,126 +0,0 @@ -Changes for 1.7.0: - -* All new improvements in Google Test 1.7.0. -* New feature: matchers DoubleNear(), FloatNear(), - NanSensitiveDoubleNear(), NanSensitiveFloatNear(), - UnorderedElementsAre(), UnorderedElementsAreArray(), WhenSorted(), - WhenSortedBy(), IsEmpty(), and SizeIs(). -* Improvement: Google Mock can now be built as a DLL. -* Improvement: when compiled by a C++11 compiler, matchers AllOf() - and AnyOf() can accept an arbitrary number of matchers. -* Improvement: when compiled by a C++11 compiler, matchers - ElementsAreArray() can accept an initializer list. -* Improvement: when exceptions are enabled, a mock method with no - default action now throws instead crashing the test. -* Improvement: added class testing::StringMatchResultListener to aid - definition of composite matchers. -* Improvement: function return types used in MOCK_METHOD*() macros can - now contain unprotected commas. -* Improvement (potentially breaking): EXPECT_THAT() and ASSERT_THAT() - are now more strict in ensuring that the value type and the matcher - type are compatible, catching potential bugs in tests. -* Improvement: Pointee() now works on an optional. -* Improvement: the ElementsAreArray() matcher can now take a vector or - iterator range as input, and makes a copy of its input elements - before the conversion to a Matcher. -* Improvement: the Google Mock Generator can now generate mocks for - some class templates. -* Bug fix: mock object destruction triggerred by another mock object's - destruction no longer hangs. -* Improvement: Google Mock Doctor works better with newer Clang and - GCC now. -* Compatibility fixes. -* Bug/warning fixes. - -Changes for 1.6.0: - -* Compilation is much faster and uses much less memory, especially - when the constructor and destructor of a mock class are moved out of - the class body. -* New matchers: Pointwise(), Each(). -* New actions: ReturnPointee() and ReturnRefOfCopy(). -* CMake support. -* Project files for Visual Studio 2010. -* AllOf() and AnyOf() can handle up-to 10 arguments now. -* Google Mock doctor understands Clang error messages now. -* SetArgPointee<> now accepts string literals. -* gmock_gen.py handles storage specifier macros and template return - types now. -* Compatibility fixes. -* Bug fixes and implementation clean-ups. -* Potentially incompatible changes: disables the harmful 'make install' - command in autotools. - -Potentially breaking changes: - -* The description string for MATCHER*() changes from Python-style - interpolation to an ordinary C++ string expression. -* SetArgumentPointee is deprecated in favor of SetArgPointee. -* Some non-essential project files for Visual Studio 2005 are removed. - -Changes for 1.5.0: - - * New feature: Google Mock can be safely used in multi-threaded tests - on platforms having pthreads. - * New feature: function for printing a value of arbitrary type. - * New feature: function ExplainMatchResult() for easy definition of - composite matchers. - * The new matcher API lets user-defined matchers generate custom - explanations more directly and efficiently. - * Better failure messages all around. - * NotNull() and IsNull() now work with smart pointers. - * Field() and Property() now work when the matcher argument is a pointer - passed by reference. - * Regular expression matchers on all platforms. - * Added GCC 4.0 support for Google Mock Doctor. - * Added gmock_all_test.cc for compiling most Google Mock tests - in a single file. - * Significantly cleaned up compiler warnings. - * Bug fixes, better test coverage, and implementation clean-ups. - - Potentially breaking changes: - - * Custom matchers defined using MatcherInterface or MakePolymorphicMatcher() - need to be updated after upgrading to Google Mock 1.5.0; matchers defined - using MATCHER or MATCHER_P* aren't affected. - * Dropped support for 'make install'. - -Changes for 1.4.0 (we skipped 1.2.* and 1.3.* to match the version of -Google Test): - - * Works in more environments: Symbian and minGW, Visual C++ 7.1. - * Lighter weight: comes with our own implementation of TR1 tuple (no - more dependency on Boost!). - * New feature: --gmock_catch_leaked_mocks for detecting leaked mocks. - * New feature: ACTION_TEMPLATE for defining templatized actions. - * New feature: the .After() clause for specifying expectation order. - * New feature: the .With() clause for for specifying inter-argument - constraints. - * New feature: actions ReturnArg(), ReturnNew(...), and - DeleteArg(). - * New feature: matchers Key(), Pair(), Args<...>(), AllArgs(), IsNull(), - and Contains(). - * New feature: utility class MockFunction, useful for checkpoints, etc. - * New feature: functions Value(x, m) and SafeMatcherCast(m). - * New feature: copying a mock object is rejected at compile time. - * New feature: a script for fusing all Google Mock and Google Test - source files for easy deployment. - * Improved the Google Mock doctor to diagnose more diseases. - * Improved the Google Mock generator script. - * Compatibility fixes for Mac OS X and gcc. - * Bug fixes and implementation clean-ups. - -Changes for 1.1.0: - - * New feature: ability to use Google Mock with any testing framework. - * New feature: macros for easily defining new matchers - * New feature: macros for easily defining new actions. - * New feature: more container matchers. - * New feature: actions for accessing function arguments and throwing - exceptions. - * Improved the Google Mock doctor script for diagnosing compiler errors. - * Bug fixes and implementation clean-ups. - -Changes for 1.0.0: - - * Initial Open Source release of Google Mock diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/CMakeLists.txt b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/CMakeLists.txt index beb259a..d32b70b 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/CMakeLists.txt +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/CMakeLists.txt @@ -1,14 +1,13 @@ ######################################################################## +# Note: CMake support is community-based. The maintainers do not use CMake +# internally. +# # CMake build script for Google Mock. # # To run the tests for Google Mock itself on Linux, use 'make test' or # ctest. You can select which tests to run using 'ctest -R regex'. # For more options, run 'ctest --help'. -# BUILD_SHARED_LIBS is a standard CMake variable, but we declare it here to -# make it prominent in the GUI. -option(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS "Build shared libraries (DLLs)." OFF) - option(gmock_build_tests "Build all of Google Mock's own tests." OFF) # A directory to find Google Test sources. @@ -37,8 +36,13 @@ endif() # as ${gmock_SOURCE_DIR} and to the root binary directory as # ${gmock_BINARY_DIR}. # Language "C" is required for find_package(Threads). -project(gmock CXX C) -cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.6.2) +if (CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_LESS 3.0) + project(gmock CXX C) +else() + cmake_policy(SET CMP0048 NEW) + project(gmock VERSION ${GOOGLETEST_VERSION} LANGUAGES CXX C) +endif() +cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.6.4) if (COMMAND set_up_hermetic_build) set_up_hermetic_build() @@ -48,7 +52,17 @@ endif() # targets to the current scope. We are placing Google Test's binary # directory in a subdirectory of our own as VC compilation may break # if they are the same (the default). -add_subdirectory("${gtest_dir}" "${gmock_BINARY_DIR}/gtest") +add_subdirectory("${gtest_dir}" "${gmock_BINARY_DIR}/${gtest_dir}") + + +# These commands only run if this is the main project +if(CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME STREQUAL "gmock" OR CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME STREQUAL "googletest-distribution") + # BUILD_SHARED_LIBS is a standard CMake variable, but we declare it here to + # make it prominent in the GUI. + option(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS "Build shared libraries (DLLs)." OFF) +else() + mark_as_advanced(gmock_build_tests) +endif() # Although Google Test's CMakeLists.txt calls this function, the # changes there don't affect the current scope. Therefore we have to @@ -56,22 +70,13 @@ add_subdirectory("${gtest_dir}" "${gmock_BINARY_DIR}/gtest") config_compiler_and_linker() # from ${gtest_dir}/cmake/internal_utils.cmake # Adds Google Mock's and Google Test's header directories to the search path. -include_directories("${gmock_SOURCE_DIR}/include" - "${gmock_SOURCE_DIR}" - "${gtest_SOURCE_DIR}/include" - # This directory is needed to build directly from Google - # Test sources. - "${gtest_SOURCE_DIR}") - -# Summary of tuple support for Microsoft Visual Studio: -# Compiler version(MS) version(cmake) Support -# ---------- ----------- -------------- ----------------------------- -# <= VS 2010 <= 10 <= 1600 Use Google Tests's own tuple. -# VS 2012 11 1700 std::tr1::tuple + _VARIADIC_MAX=10 -# VS 2013 12 1800 std::tr1::tuple -if (MSVC AND MSVC_VERSION EQUAL 1700) - add_definitions(/D _VARIADIC_MAX=10) -endif() +set(gmock_build_include_dirs + "${gmock_SOURCE_DIR}/include" + "${gmock_SOURCE_DIR}" + "${gtest_SOURCE_DIR}/include" + # This directory is needed to build directly from Google Test sources. + "${gtest_SOURCE_DIR}") +include_directories(${gmock_build_include_dirs}) ######################################################################## # @@ -81,32 +86,39 @@ endif() # Google Mock libraries. We build them using more strict warnings than what # are used for other targets, to ensure that Google Mock can be compiled by # a user aggressive about warnings. -cxx_library(gmock - "${cxx_strict}" - "${gtest_dir}/src/gtest-all.cc" - src/gmock-all.cc) - -cxx_library(gmock_main - "${cxx_strict}" - "${gtest_dir}/src/gtest-all.cc" - src/gmock-all.cc - src/gmock_main.cc) +if (MSVC) + cxx_library(gmock + "${cxx_strict}" + "${gtest_dir}/src/gtest-all.cc" + src/gmock-all.cc) + cxx_library(gmock_main + "${cxx_strict}" + "${gtest_dir}/src/gtest-all.cc" + src/gmock-all.cc + src/gmock_main.cc) +else() + cxx_library(gmock "${cxx_strict}" src/gmock-all.cc) + target_link_libraries(gmock PUBLIC gtest) + cxx_library(gmock_main "${cxx_strict}" src/gmock_main.cc) + target_link_libraries(gmock_main PUBLIC gmock) +endif() # If the CMake version supports it, attach header directory information # to the targets for when we are part of a parent build (ie being pulled # in via add_subdirectory() rather than being a standalone build). if (DEFINED CMAKE_VERSION AND NOT "${CMAKE_VERSION}" VERSION_LESS "2.8.11") - target_include_directories(gmock INTERFACE "${gmock_SOURCE_DIR}/include") - target_include_directories(gmock_main INTERFACE "${gmock_SOURCE_DIR}/include") + target_include_directories(gmock SYSTEM INTERFACE + "$" + "$/${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}>") + target_include_directories(gmock_main SYSTEM INTERFACE + "$" + "$/${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}>") endif() ######################################################################## # # Install rules -install(TARGETS gmock gmock_main - DESTINATION lib) -install(DIRECTORY ${gmock_SOURCE_DIR}/include/gmock - DESTINATION include) +install_project(gmock gmock_main) ######################################################################## # @@ -124,15 +136,37 @@ if (gmock_build_tests) # 'make test' or ctest. enable_testing() + if (WIN32) + file(GENERATE OUTPUT "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/$/RunTest.ps1" + CONTENT +"$project_bin = \"${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/bin/$\" +$env:Path = \"$project_bin;$env:Path\" +& $args") + elseif (MINGW OR CYGWIN) + file(GENERATE OUTPUT "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/RunTest.ps1" + CONTENT +"$project_bin = (cygpath --windows ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/bin) +$env:Path = \"$project_bin;$env:Path\" +& $args") + endif() + + if (MINGW OR CYGWIN) + if (CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_LESS "2.8.12") + add_compile_options("-Wa,-mbig-obj") + else() + add_definitions("-Wa,-mbig-obj") + endif() + endif() + ############################################################ # C++ tests built with standard compiler flags. cxx_test(gmock-actions_test gmock_main) cxx_test(gmock-cardinalities_test gmock_main) cxx_test(gmock_ex_test gmock_main) + cxx_test(gmock-function-mocker_test gmock_main) cxx_test(gmock-generated-actions_test gmock_main) cxx_test(gmock-generated-function-mockers_test gmock_main) - cxx_test(gmock-generated-internal-utils_test gmock_main) cxx_test(gmock-generated-matchers_test gmock_main) cxx_test(gmock-internal-utils_test gmock_main) cxx_test(gmock-matchers_test gmock_main) @@ -143,7 +177,7 @@ if (gmock_build_tests) cxx_test(gmock_link_test gmock_main test/gmock_link2_test.cc) cxx_test(gmock_test gmock_main) - if (CMAKE_USE_PTHREADS_INIT) + if (DEFINED GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD) cxx_test(gmock_stress_test gmock) endif() @@ -154,23 +188,20 @@ if (gmock_build_tests) ############################################################ # C++ tests built with non-standard compiler flags. - cxx_library(gmock_main_no_exception "${cxx_no_exception}" - "${gtest_dir}/src/gtest-all.cc" src/gmock-all.cc src/gmock_main.cc) - - cxx_library(gmock_main_no_rtti "${cxx_no_rtti}" - "${gtest_dir}/src/gtest-all.cc" src/gmock-all.cc src/gmock_main.cc) - - if (NOT MSVC OR MSVC_VERSION LESS 1600) # 1600 is Visual Studio 2010. - # Visual Studio 2010, 2012, and 2013 define symbols in std::tr1 that - # conflict with our own definitions. Therefore using our own tuple does not - # work on those compilers. - cxx_library(gmock_main_use_own_tuple "${cxx_use_own_tuple}" + if (MSVC) + cxx_library(gmock_main_no_exception "${cxx_no_exception}" "${gtest_dir}/src/gtest-all.cc" src/gmock-all.cc src/gmock_main.cc) - cxx_test_with_flags(gmock_use_own_tuple_test "${cxx_use_own_tuple}" - gmock_main_use_own_tuple test/gmock-spec-builders_test.cc) - endif() + cxx_library(gmock_main_no_rtti "${cxx_no_rtti}" + "${gtest_dir}/src/gtest-all.cc" src/gmock-all.cc src/gmock_main.cc) + else() + cxx_library(gmock_main_no_exception "${cxx_no_exception}" src/gmock_main.cc) + target_link_libraries(gmock_main_no_exception PUBLIC gmock) + + cxx_library(gmock_main_no_rtti "${cxx_no_rtti}" src/gmock_main.cc) + target_link_libraries(gmock_main_no_rtti PUBLIC gmock) + endif() cxx_test_with_flags(gmock-more-actions_no_exception_test "${cxx_no_exception}" gmock_main_no_exception test/gmock-more-actions_test.cc) diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/Makefile.am b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/Makefile.am deleted file mode 100644 index 9adbc51..0000000 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/Makefile.am +++ /dev/null @@ -1,224 +0,0 @@ -# Automake file - -# Nonstandard package files for distribution. -EXTRA_DIST = LICENSE - -# We may need to build our internally packaged gtest. If so, it will be -# included in the 'subdirs' variable. -SUBDIRS = $(subdirs) - -# This is generated by the configure script, so clean it for distribution. -DISTCLEANFILES = scripts/gmock-config - -# We define the global AM_CPPFLAGS as everything we compile includes from these -# directories. -AM_CPPFLAGS = $(GTEST_CPPFLAGS) -I$(srcdir)/include - -# Modifies compiler and linker flags for pthreads compatibility. -if HAVE_PTHREADS - AM_CXXFLAGS = @PTHREAD_CFLAGS@ -DGTEST_HAS_PTHREAD=1 - AM_LIBS = @PTHREAD_LIBS@ -endif - -# Build rules for libraries. -lib_LTLIBRARIES = lib/libgmock.la lib/libgmock_main.la - -lib_libgmock_la_SOURCES = src/gmock-all.cc - -pkginclude_HEADERS = \ - include/gmock/gmock-actions.h \ - include/gmock/gmock-cardinalities.h \ - include/gmock/gmock-generated-actions.h \ - include/gmock/gmock-generated-function-mockers.h \ - include/gmock/gmock-generated-matchers.h \ - include/gmock/gmock-generated-nice-strict.h \ - include/gmock/gmock-matchers.h \ - include/gmock/gmock-more-actions.h \ - include/gmock/gmock-more-matchers.h \ - include/gmock/gmock-spec-builders.h \ - include/gmock/gmock.h - -pkginclude_internaldir = $(pkgincludedir)/internal -pkginclude_internal_HEADERS = \ - include/gmock/internal/gmock-generated-internal-utils.h \ - include/gmock/internal/gmock-internal-utils.h \ - include/gmock/internal/gmock-port.h \ - include/gmock/internal/custom/gmock-generated-actions.h \ - include/gmock/internal/custom/gmock-matchers.h \ - include/gmock/internal/custom/gmock-port.h - -lib_libgmock_main_la_SOURCES = src/gmock_main.cc -lib_libgmock_main_la_LIBADD = lib/libgmock.la - -# Build rules for tests. Automake's naming for some of these variables isn't -# terribly obvious, so this is a brief reference: -# -# TESTS -- Programs run automatically by "make check" -# check_PROGRAMS -- Programs built by "make check" but not necessarily run - -TESTS= -check_PROGRAMS= -AM_LDFLAGS = $(GTEST_LDFLAGS) - -# This exercises all major components of Google Mock. It also -# verifies that libgmock works. -TESTS += test/gmock-spec-builders_test -check_PROGRAMS += test/gmock-spec-builders_test -test_gmock_spec_builders_test_SOURCES = test/gmock-spec-builders_test.cc -test_gmock_spec_builders_test_LDADD = $(GTEST_LIBS) lib/libgmock.la - -# This tests using Google Mock in multiple translation units. It also -# verifies that libgmock_main and libgmock work. -TESTS += test/gmock_link_test -check_PROGRAMS += test/gmock_link_test -test_gmock_link_test_SOURCES = \ - test/gmock_link2_test.cc \ - test/gmock_link_test.cc \ - test/gmock_link_test.h -test_gmock_link_test_LDADD = $(GTEST_LIBS) lib/libgmock_main.la lib/libgmock.la - -if HAVE_PYTHON - # Tests that fused gmock files compile and work. - TESTS += test/gmock_fused_test - check_PROGRAMS += test/gmock_fused_test - test_gmock_fused_test_SOURCES = \ - fused-src/gmock-gtest-all.cc \ - fused-src/gmock/gmock.h \ - fused-src/gmock_main.cc \ - fused-src/gtest/gtest.h \ - test/gmock_test.cc - test_gmock_fused_test_CPPFLAGS = -I"$(srcdir)/fused-src" -endif - -# Google Mock source files that we don't compile directly. -GMOCK_SOURCE_INGLUDES = \ - src/gmock-cardinalities.cc \ - src/gmock-internal-utils.cc \ - src/gmock-matchers.cc \ - src/gmock-spec-builders.cc \ - src/gmock.cc - -EXTRA_DIST += $(GMOCK_SOURCE_INGLUDES) - -# C++ tests that we don't compile using autotools. -EXTRA_DIST += \ - test/gmock-actions_test.cc \ - test/gmock_all_test.cc \ - test/gmock-cardinalities_test.cc \ - test/gmock_ex_test.cc \ - test/gmock-generated-actions_test.cc \ - test/gmock-generated-function-mockers_test.cc \ - test/gmock-generated-internal-utils_test.cc \ - test/gmock-generated-matchers_test.cc \ - test/gmock-internal-utils_test.cc \ - test/gmock-matchers_test.cc \ - test/gmock-more-actions_test.cc \ - test/gmock-nice-strict_test.cc \ - test/gmock-port_test.cc \ - test/gmock_stress_test.cc - -# Python tests, which we don't run using autotools. -EXTRA_DIST += \ - test/gmock_leak_test.py \ - test/gmock_leak_test_.cc \ - test/gmock_output_test.py \ - test/gmock_output_test_.cc \ - test/gmock_output_test_golden.txt \ - test/gmock_test_utils.py - -# Nonstandard package files for distribution. -EXTRA_DIST += \ - CHANGES \ - CONTRIBUTORS \ - make/Makefile - -# Pump scripts for generating Google Mock headers. -# TODO(chandlerc@google.com): automate the generation of *.h from *.h.pump. -EXTRA_DIST += \ - include/gmock/gmock-generated-actions.h.pump \ - include/gmock/gmock-generated-function-mockers.h.pump \ - include/gmock/gmock-generated-matchers.h.pump \ - include/gmock/gmock-generated-nice-strict.h.pump \ - include/gmock/internal/gmock-generated-internal-utils.h.pump \ - include/gmock/internal/custom/gmock-generated-actions.h.pump - -# Script for fusing Google Mock and Google Test source files. -EXTRA_DIST += scripts/fuse_gmock_files.py - -# The Google Mock Generator tool from the cppclean project. -EXTRA_DIST += \ - scripts/generator/LICENSE \ - scripts/generator/README \ - scripts/generator/README.cppclean \ - scripts/generator/cpp/__init__.py \ - scripts/generator/cpp/ast.py \ - scripts/generator/cpp/gmock_class.py \ - scripts/generator/cpp/keywords.py \ - scripts/generator/cpp/tokenize.py \ - scripts/generator/cpp/utils.py \ - scripts/generator/gmock_gen.py - -# Script for diagnosing compiler errors in programs that use Google -# Mock. -EXTRA_DIST += scripts/gmock_doctor.py - -# CMake scripts. -EXTRA_DIST += \ - CMakeLists.txt - -# Microsoft Visual Studio 2005 projects. -EXTRA_DIST += \ - msvc/2005/gmock.sln \ - msvc/2005/gmock.vcproj \ - msvc/2005/gmock_config.vsprops \ - msvc/2005/gmock_main.vcproj \ - msvc/2005/gmock_test.vcproj - -# Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 projects. -EXTRA_DIST += \ - msvc/2010/gmock.sln \ - msvc/2010/gmock.vcxproj \ - msvc/2010/gmock_config.props \ - msvc/2010/gmock_main.vcxproj \ - msvc/2010/gmock_test.vcxproj - -if HAVE_PYTHON -# gmock_test.cc does not really depend on files generated by the -# fused-gmock-internal rule. However, gmock_test.o does, and it is -# important to include test/gmock_test.cc as part of this rule in order to -# prevent compiling gmock_test.o until all dependent files have been -# generated. -$(test_gmock_fused_test_SOURCES): fused-gmock-internal - -# TODO(vladl@google.com): Find a way to add Google Tests's sources here. -fused-gmock-internal: $(pkginclude_HEADERS) $(pkginclude_internal_HEADERS) \ - $(lib_libgmock_la_SOURCES) $(GMOCK_SOURCE_INGLUDES) \ - $(lib_libgmock_main_la_SOURCES) \ - scripts/fuse_gmock_files.py - mkdir -p "$(srcdir)/fused-src" - chmod -R u+w "$(srcdir)/fused-src" - rm -f "$(srcdir)/fused-src/gtest/gtest.h" - rm -f "$(srcdir)/fused-src/gmock/gmock.h" - rm -f "$(srcdir)/fused-src/gmock-gtest-all.cc" - "$(srcdir)/scripts/fuse_gmock_files.py" "$(srcdir)/fused-src" - cp -f "$(srcdir)/src/gmock_main.cc" "$(srcdir)/fused-src" - -maintainer-clean-local: - rm -rf "$(srcdir)/fused-src" -endif - -# Death tests may produce core dumps in the build directory. In case -# this happens, clean them to keep distcleancheck happy. -CLEANFILES = core - -# Disables 'make install' as installing a compiled version of Google -# Mock can lead to undefined behavior due to violation of the -# One-Definition Rule. - -install-exec-local: - echo "'make install' is dangerous and not supported. Instead, see README for how to integrate Google Mock into your build system." - false - -install-data-local: - echo "'make install' is dangerous and not supported. Instead, see README for how to integrate Google Mock into your build system." - false diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/README.md b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/README.md index 332beab..183fdb8 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/README.md +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/README.md @@ -1,333 +1,44 @@ -## Google Mock ## +# Googletest Mocking (gMock) Framework -The Google C++ mocking framework. +### Overview -### Overview ### - -Google's framework for writing and using C++ mock classes. -It can help you derive better designs of your system and write better tests. +Google's framework for writing and using C++ mock classes. It can help you +derive better designs of your system and write better tests. It is inspired by: - * [jMock](http://www.jmock.org/), - * [EasyMock](http://www.easymock.org/), and - * [Hamcrest](http://code.google.com/p/hamcrest/), +* [jMock](http://www.jmock.org/), +* [EasyMock](http://www.easymock.org/), and +* [Hamcrest](http://code.google.com/p/hamcrest/), and designed with C++'s specifics in mind. -Google mock: - - * lets you create mock classes trivially using simple macros. - * supports a rich set of matchers and actions. - * handles unordered, partially ordered, or completely ordered expectations. - * is extensible by users. - -We hope you find it useful! - -### Features ### - - * Provides a declarative syntax for defining mocks. - * Can easily define partial (hybrid) mocks, which are a cross of real - and mock objects. - * Handles functions of arbitrary types and overloaded functions. - * Comes with a rich set of matchers for validating function arguments. - * Uses an intuitive syntax for controlling the behavior of a mock. - * Does automatic verification of expectations (no record-and-replay needed). - * Allows arbitrary (partial) ordering constraints on - function calls to be expressed,. - * Lets a user extend it by defining new matchers and actions. - * Does not use exceptions. - * Is easy to learn and use. - -Please see the project page above for more information as well as the -mailing list for questions, discussions, and development. There is -also an IRC channel on OFTC (irc.oftc.net) #gtest available. Please -join us! - -Please note that code under [scripts/generator](scripts/generator/) is -from [cppclean](http://code.google.com/p/cppclean/) and released under -the Apache License, which is different from Google Mock's license. - -## Getting Started ## - -If you are new to the project, we suggest that you read the user -documentation in the following order: - - * Learn the [basics](../googletest/docs/Primer.md) of - Google Test, if you choose to use Google Mock with it (recommended). - * Read [Google Mock for Dummies](docs/ForDummies.md). - * Read the instructions below on how to build Google Mock. - -You can also watch Zhanyong's [talk](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sYpCyLI47rM) on Google Mock's usage and implementation. - -Once you understand the basics, check out the rest of the docs: - - * [CheatSheet](docs/CheatSheet.md) - all the commonly used stuff - at a glance. - * [CookBook](docs/CookBook.md) - recipes for getting things done, - including advanced techniques. - -If you need help, please check the -[KnownIssues](docs/KnownIssues.md) and -[FrequentlyAskedQuestions](docs/FrequentlyAskedQuestions.md) before -posting a question on the -[discussion group](http://groups.google.com/group/googlemock). - - -### Using Google Mock Without Google Test ### - -Google Mock is not a testing framework itself. Instead, it needs a -testing framework for writing tests. Google Mock works seamlessly -with [Google Test](http://code.google.com/p/googletest/), but -you can also use it with [any C++ testing framework](googlemock/ForDummies.md#Using_Google_Mock_with_Any_Testing_Framework). - -### Requirements for End Users ### - -Google Mock is implemented on top of [Google Test]( -http://github.com/google/googletest/), and depends on it. -You must use the bundled version of Google Test when using Google Mock. - -You can also easily configure Google Mock to work with another testing -framework, although it will still need Google Test. Please read -["Using_Google_Mock_with_Any_Testing_Framework"]( - docs/ForDummies.md#Using_Google_Mock_with_Any_Testing_Framework) -for instructions. - -Google Mock depends on advanced C++ features and thus requires a more -modern compiler. The following are needed to use Google Mock: - -#### Linux Requirements #### - - * GNU-compatible Make or "gmake" - * POSIX-standard shell - * POSIX(-2) Regular Expressions (regex.h) - * C++98-standard-compliant compiler (e.g. GCC 3.4 or newer) - -#### Windows Requirements #### - - * Microsoft Visual C++ 8.0 SP1 or newer - -#### Mac OS X Requirements #### - - * Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger or newer - * Developer Tools Installed - -### Requirements for Contributors ### - -We welcome patches. If you plan to contribute a patch, you need to -build Google Mock and its tests, which has further requirements: - - * Automake version 1.9 or newer - * Autoconf version 2.59 or newer - * Libtool / Libtoolize - * Python version 2.3 or newer (for running some of the tests and - re-generating certain source files from templates) - -### Building Google Mock ### - -#### Preparing to Build (Unix only) #### - -If you are using a Unix system and plan to use the GNU Autotools build -system to build Google Mock (described below), you'll need to -configure it now. - -To prepare the Autotools build system: - - cd googlemock - autoreconf -fvi - -To build Google Mock and your tests that use it, you need to tell your -build system where to find its headers and source files. The exact -way to do it depends on which build system you use, and is usually -straightforward. - -This section shows how you can integrate Google Mock into your -existing build system. - -Suppose you put Google Mock in directory `${GMOCK_DIR}` and Google Test -in `${GTEST_DIR}` (the latter is `${GMOCK_DIR}/gtest` by default). To -build Google Mock, create a library build target (or a project as -called by Visual Studio and Xcode) to compile - - ${GTEST_DIR}/src/gtest-all.cc and ${GMOCK_DIR}/src/gmock-all.cc - -with - - ${GTEST_DIR}/include and ${GMOCK_DIR}/include - -in the system header search path, and - - ${GTEST_DIR} and ${GMOCK_DIR} - -in the normal header search path. Assuming a Linux-like system and gcc, -something like the following will do: - - g++ -isystem ${GTEST_DIR}/include -I${GTEST_DIR} \ - -isystem ${GMOCK_DIR}/include -I${GMOCK_DIR} \ - -pthread -c ${GTEST_DIR}/src/gtest-all.cc - g++ -isystem ${GTEST_DIR}/include -I${GTEST_DIR} \ - -isystem ${GMOCK_DIR}/include -I${GMOCK_DIR} \ - -pthread -c ${GMOCK_DIR}/src/gmock-all.cc - ar -rv libgmock.a gtest-all.o gmock-all.o - -(We need -pthread as Google Test and Google Mock use threads.) - -Next, you should compile your test source file with -${GTEST\_DIR}/include and ${GMOCK\_DIR}/include in the header search -path, and link it with gmock and any other necessary libraries: - - g++ -isystem ${GTEST_DIR}/include -isystem ${GMOCK_DIR}/include \ - -pthread path/to/your_test.cc libgmock.a -o your_test - -As an example, the make/ directory contains a Makefile that you can -use to build Google Mock on systems where GNU make is available -(e.g. Linux, Mac OS X, and Cygwin). It doesn't try to build Google -Mock's own tests. Instead, it just builds the Google Mock library and -a sample test. You can use it as a starting point for your own build -script. - -If the default settings are correct for your environment, the -following commands should succeed: - - cd ${GMOCK_DIR}/make - make - ./gmock_test - -If you see errors, try to tweak the contents of -[make/Makefile](make/Makefile) to make them go away. - -### Windows ### - -The msvc/2005 directory contains VC++ 2005 projects and the msvc/2010 -directory contains VC++ 2010 projects for building Google Mock and -selected tests. - -Change to the appropriate directory and run "msbuild gmock.sln" to -build the library and tests (or open the gmock.sln in the MSVC IDE). -If you want to create your own project to use with Google Mock, you'll -have to configure it to use the `gmock_config` propety sheet. For that: - - * Open the Property Manager window (View | Other Windows | Property Manager) - * Right-click on your project and select "Add Existing Property Sheet..." - * Navigate to `gmock_config.vsprops` or `gmock_config.props` and select it. - * In Project Properties | Configuration Properties | General | Additional - Include Directories, type /include. - -### Tweaking Google Mock ### - -Google Mock can be used in diverse environments. The default -configuration may not work (or may not work well) out of the box in -some environments. However, you can easily tweak Google Mock by -defining control macros on the compiler command line. Generally, -these macros are named like `GTEST_XYZ` and you define them to either 1 -or 0 to enable or disable a certain feature. - -We list the most frequently used macros below. For a complete list, -see file [${GTEST\_DIR}/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h]( -../googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h). - -### Choosing a TR1 Tuple Library ### - -Google Mock uses the C++ Technical Report 1 (TR1) tuple library -heavily. Unfortunately TR1 tuple is not yet widely available with all -compilers. The good news is that Google Test 1.4.0+ implements a -subset of TR1 tuple that's enough for Google Mock's need. Google Mock -will automatically use that implementation when the compiler doesn't -provide TR1 tuple. - -Usually you don't need to care about which tuple library Google Test -and Google Mock use. However, if your project already uses TR1 tuple, -you need to tell Google Test and Google Mock to use the same TR1 tuple -library the rest of your project uses, or the two tuple -implementations will clash. To do that, add - - -DGTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE=0 - -to the compiler flags while compiling Google Test, Google Mock, and -your tests. If you want to force Google Test and Google Mock to use -their own tuple library, just add - - -DGTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE=1 - -to the compiler flags instead. - -If you want to use Boost's TR1 tuple library with Google Mock, please -refer to the Boost website (http://www.boost.org/) for how to obtain -it and set it up. - -### As a Shared Library (DLL) ### - -Google Mock is compact, so most users can build and link it as a static -library for the simplicity. Google Mock can be used as a DLL, but the -same DLL must contain Google Test as well. See -[Google Test's README][gtest_readme] -for instructions on how to set up necessary compiler settings. - -### Tweaking Google Mock ### - -Most of Google Test's control macros apply to Google Mock as well. -Please see [Google Test's README][gtest_readme] for how to tweak them. - -### Upgrading from an Earlier Version ### - -We strive to keep Google Mock releases backward compatible. -Sometimes, though, we have to make some breaking changes for the -users' long-term benefits. This section describes what you'll need to -do if you are upgrading from an earlier version of Google Mock. - -#### Upgrading from 1.1.0 or Earlier #### - -You may need to explicitly enable or disable Google Test's own TR1 -tuple library. See the instructions in section "[Choosing a TR1 Tuple -Library](../googletest/#choosing-a-tr1-tuple-library)". - -#### Upgrading from 1.4.0 or Earlier #### - -On platforms where the pthread library is available, Google Test and -Google Mock use it in order to be thread-safe. For this to work, you -may need to tweak your compiler and/or linker flags. Please see the -"[Multi-threaded Tests](../googletest#multi-threaded-tests -)" section in file Google Test's README for what you may need to do. - -If you have custom matchers defined using `MatcherInterface` or -`MakePolymorphicMatcher()`, you'll need to update their definitions to -use the new matcher API ( -[monomorphic](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/CookBook#Writing_New_Monomorphic_Matchers), -[polymorphic](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/CookBook#Writing_New_Polymorphic_Matchers)). -Matchers defined using `MATCHER()` or `MATCHER_P*()` aren't affected. - -### Developing Google Mock ### - -This section discusses how to make your own changes to Google Mock. - -#### Testing Google Mock Itself #### - -To make sure your changes work as intended and don't break existing -functionality, you'll want to compile and run Google Test's own tests. -For that you'll need Autotools. First, make sure you have followed -the instructions above to configure Google Mock. -Then, create a build output directory and enter it. Next, - - ${GMOCK_DIR}/configure # try --help for more info - -Once you have successfully configured Google Mock, the build steps are -standard for GNU-style OSS packages. - - make # Standard makefile following GNU conventions - make check # Builds and runs all tests - all should pass. - -Note that when building your project against Google Mock, you are building -against Google Test as well. There is no need to configure Google Test -separately. - -#### Contributing a Patch #### - -We welcome patches. -Please read the [Developer's Guide](docs/DevGuide.md) -for how you can contribute. In particular, make sure you have signed -the Contributor License Agreement, or we won't be able to accept the -patch. - -Happy testing! - -[gtest_readme]: ../googletest/README.md "googletest" +gMock: + +- provides a declarative syntax for defining mocks, +- can define partial (hybrid) mocks, which are a cross of real and mock + objects, +- handles functions of arbitrary types and overloaded functions, +- comes with a rich set of matchers for validating function arguments, +- uses an intuitive syntax for controlling the behavior of a mock, +- does automatic verification of expectations (no record-and-replay needed), +- allows arbitrary (partial) ordering constraints on function calls to be + expressed, +- lets a user extend it by defining new matchers and actions. +- does not use exceptions, and +- is easy to learn and use. + +Details and examples can be found here: + +* [gMock for Dummies](docs/for_dummies.md) +* [Legacy gMock FAQ](docs/gmock_faq.md) +* [gMock Cookbook](docs/cook_book.md) +* [gMock Cheat Sheet](docs/cheat_sheet.md) + +Please note that code under scripts/generator/ is from the [cppclean +project](http://code.google.com/p/cppclean/) and under the Apache +License, which is different from Google Mock's license. + +Google Mock is a part of +[Google Test C++ testing framework](http://github.com/google/googletest/) and a +subject to the same requirements. diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/build-aux/.keep b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/build-aux/.keep deleted file mode 100644 index e69de29..0000000 diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/cmake/gmock.pc.in b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/cmake/gmock.pc.in new file mode 100644 index 0000000..08e0454 --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/cmake/gmock.pc.in @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +prefix=${pcfiledir}/../.. +libdir=${prefix}/@CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR@ +includedir=${prefix}/@CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR@ + +Name: gmock +Description: GoogleMock (without main() function) +Version: @PROJECT_VERSION@ +URL: https://github.com/google/googletest +Requires: gtest +Libs: -L${libdir} -lgmock @CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT@ +Cflags: -I${includedir} @GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD_MACRO@ @CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT@ diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/cmake/gmock_main.pc.in b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/cmake/gmock_main.pc.in new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b22fe61 --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/cmake/gmock_main.pc.in @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +prefix=${pcfiledir}/../.. +libdir=${prefix}/@CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR@ +includedir=${prefix}/@CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR@ + +Name: gmock_main +Description: GoogleMock (with main() function) +Version: @PROJECT_VERSION@ +URL: https://github.com/google/googletest +Requires: gmock +Libs: -L${libdir} -lgmock_main @CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT@ +Cflags: -I${includedir} @GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD_MACRO@ @CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT@ diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/configure.ac b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/configure.ac deleted file mode 100644 index 3b740f2..0000000 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/configure.ac +++ /dev/null @@ -1,146 +0,0 @@ -m4_include(../googletest/m4/acx_pthread.m4) - -AC_INIT([Google C++ Mocking Framework], - [1.7.0], - [googlemock@googlegroups.com], - [gmock]) - -# Provide various options to initialize the Autoconf and configure processes. -AC_PREREQ([2.59]) -AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([./LICENSE]) -AC_CONFIG_AUX_DIR([build-aux]) -AC_CONFIG_HEADERS([build-aux/config.h]) -AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile]) -AC_CONFIG_FILES([scripts/gmock-config], [chmod +x scripts/gmock-config]) - -# Initialize Automake with various options. We require at least v1.9, prevent -# pedantic complaints about package files, and enable various distribution -# targets. -AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE([1.9 dist-bzip2 dist-zip foreign subdir-objects]) - -# Check for programs used in building Google Test. -AC_PROG_CC -AC_PROG_CXX -AC_LANG([C++]) -AC_PROG_LIBTOOL - -# TODO(chandlerc@google.com): Currently we aren't running the Python tests -# against the interpreter detected by AM_PATH_PYTHON, and so we condition -# HAVE_PYTHON by requiring "python" to be in the PATH, and that interpreter's -# version to be >= 2.3. This will allow the scripts to use a "/usr/bin/env" -# hashbang. -PYTHON= # We *do not* allow the user to specify a python interpreter -AC_PATH_PROG([PYTHON],[python],[:]) -AS_IF([test "$PYTHON" != ":"], - [AM_PYTHON_CHECK_VERSION([$PYTHON],[2.3],[:],[PYTHON=":"])]) -AM_CONDITIONAL([HAVE_PYTHON],[test "$PYTHON" != ":"]) - -# TODO(chandlerc@google.com) Check for the necessary system headers. - -# Configure pthreads. -AC_ARG_WITH([pthreads], - [AS_HELP_STRING([--with-pthreads], - [use pthreads (default is yes)])], - [with_pthreads=$withval], - [with_pthreads=check]) - -have_pthreads=no -AS_IF([test "x$with_pthreads" != "xno"], - [ACX_PTHREAD( - [], - [AS_IF([test "x$with_pthreads" != "xcheck"], - [AC_MSG_FAILURE( - [--with-pthreads was specified, but unable to be used])])]) - have_pthreads="$acx_pthread_ok"]) -AM_CONDITIONAL([HAVE_PTHREADS],[test "x$have_pthreads" == "xyes"]) -AC_SUBST(PTHREAD_CFLAGS) -AC_SUBST(PTHREAD_LIBS) - -# GoogleMock currently has hard dependencies upon GoogleTest above and beyond -# running its own test suite, so we both provide our own version in -# a subdirectory and provide some logic to use a custom version or a system -# installed version. -AC_ARG_WITH([gtest], - [AS_HELP_STRING([--with-gtest], - [Specifies how to find the gtest package. If no - arguments are given, the default behavior, a - system installed gtest will be used if present, - and an internal version built otherwise. If a - path is provided, the gtest built or installed at - that prefix will be used.])], - [], - [with_gtest=yes]) -AC_ARG_ENABLE([external-gtest], - [AS_HELP_STRING([--disable-external-gtest], - [Disables any detection or use of a system - installed or user provided gtest. Any option to - '--with-gtest' is ignored. (Default is enabled.)]) - ], [], [enable_external_gtest=yes]) -AS_IF([test "x$with_gtest" == "xno"], - [AC_MSG_ERROR([dnl -Support for GoogleTest was explicitly disabled. Currently GoogleMock has a hard -dependency upon GoogleTest to build, please provide a version, or allow -GoogleMock to use any installed version and fall back upon its internal -version.])]) - -# Setup various GTEST variables. TODO(chandlerc@google.com): When these are -# used below, they should be used such that any pre-existing values always -# trump values we set them to, so that they can be used to selectively override -# details of the detection process. -AC_ARG_VAR([GTEST_CONFIG], - [The exact path of Google Test's 'gtest-config' script.]) -AC_ARG_VAR([GTEST_CPPFLAGS], - [C-like preprocessor flags for Google Test.]) -AC_ARG_VAR([GTEST_CXXFLAGS], - [C++ compile flags for Google Test.]) -AC_ARG_VAR([GTEST_LDFLAGS], - [Linker path and option flags for Google Test.]) -AC_ARG_VAR([GTEST_LIBS], - [Library linking flags for Google Test.]) -AC_ARG_VAR([GTEST_VERSION], - [The version of Google Test available.]) -HAVE_BUILT_GTEST="no" - -GTEST_MIN_VERSION="1.7.0" - -AS_IF([test "x${enable_external_gtest}" = "xyes"], - [# Begin filling in variables as we are able. - AS_IF([test "x${with_gtest}" != "xyes"], - [AS_IF([test -x "${with_gtest}/scripts/gtest-config"], - [GTEST_CONFIG="${with_gtest}/scripts/gtest-config"], - [GTEST_CONFIG="${with_gtest}/bin/gtest-config"]) - AS_IF([test -x "${GTEST_CONFIG}"], [], - [AC_MSG_ERROR([dnl -Unable to locate either a built or installed Google Test at '${with_gtest}'.]) - ])]) - - AS_IF([test -x "${GTEST_CONFIG}"], [], - [AC_PATH_PROG([GTEST_CONFIG], [gtest-config])]) - AS_IF([test -x "${GTEST_CONFIG}"], - [AC_MSG_CHECKING([for Google Test version >= ${GTEST_MIN_VERSION}]) - AS_IF([${GTEST_CONFIG} --min-version=${GTEST_MIN_VERSION}], - [AC_MSG_RESULT([yes]) - HAVE_BUILT_GTEST="yes"], - [AC_MSG_RESULT([no])])])]) - -AS_IF([test "x${HAVE_BUILT_GTEST}" = "xyes"], - [GTEST_CPPFLAGS=`${GTEST_CONFIG} --cppflags` - GTEST_CXXFLAGS=`${GTEST_CONFIG} --cxxflags` - GTEST_LDFLAGS=`${GTEST_CONFIG} --ldflags` - GTEST_LIBS=`${GTEST_CONFIG} --libs` - GTEST_VERSION=`${GTEST_CONFIG} --version`], - [AC_CONFIG_SUBDIRS([../googletest]) - # GTEST_CONFIG needs to be executable both in a Makefile environmont and - # in a shell script environment, so resolve an absolute path for it here. - GTEST_CONFIG="`pwd -P`/../googletest/scripts/gtest-config" - GTEST_CPPFLAGS='-I$(top_srcdir)/../googletest/include' - GTEST_CXXFLAGS='-g' - GTEST_LDFLAGS='' - GTEST_LIBS='$(top_builddir)/../googletest/lib/libgtest.la' - GTEST_VERSION="${GTEST_MIN_VERSION}"]) - -# TODO(chandlerc@google.com) Check the types, structures, and other compiler -# and architecture characteristics. - -# Output the generated files. No further autoconf macros may be used. -AC_OUTPUT diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/CheatSheet.md b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/CheatSheet.md deleted file mode 100644 index ef4451b..0000000 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/CheatSheet.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,562 +0,0 @@ - - -# Defining a Mock Class # - -## Mocking a Normal Class ## - -Given -``` -class Foo { - ... - virtual ~Foo(); - virtual int GetSize() const = 0; - virtual string Describe(const char* name) = 0; - virtual string Describe(int type) = 0; - virtual bool Process(Bar elem, int count) = 0; -}; -``` -(note that `~Foo()` **must** be virtual) we can define its mock as -``` -#include "gmock/gmock.h" - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(GetSize, int()); - MOCK_METHOD1(Describe, string(const char* name)); - MOCK_METHOD1(Describe, string(int type)); - MOCK_METHOD2(Process, bool(Bar elem, int count)); -}; -``` - -To create a "nice" mock object which ignores all uninteresting calls, -or a "strict" mock object, which treats them as failures: -``` -NiceMock nice_foo; // The type is a subclass of MockFoo. -StrictMock strict_foo; // The type is a subclass of MockFoo. -``` - -## Mocking a Class Template ## - -To mock -``` -template -class StackInterface { - public: - ... - virtual ~StackInterface(); - virtual int GetSize() const = 0; - virtual void Push(const Elem& x) = 0; -}; -``` -(note that `~StackInterface()` **must** be virtual) just append `_T` to the `MOCK_*` macros: -``` -template -class MockStack : public StackInterface { - public: - ... - MOCK_CONST_METHOD0_T(GetSize, int()); - MOCK_METHOD1_T(Push, void(const Elem& x)); -}; -``` - -## Specifying Calling Conventions for Mock Functions ## - -If your mock function doesn't use the default calling convention, you -can specify it by appending `_WITH_CALLTYPE` to any of the macros -described in the previous two sections and supplying the calling -convention as the first argument to the macro. For example, -``` - MOCK_METHOD_1_WITH_CALLTYPE(STDMETHODCALLTYPE, Foo, bool(int n)); - MOCK_CONST_METHOD2_WITH_CALLTYPE(STDMETHODCALLTYPE, Bar, int(double x, double y)); -``` -where `STDMETHODCALLTYPE` is defined by `` on Windows. - -# Using Mocks in Tests # - -The typical flow is: - 1. Import the Google Mock names you need to use. All Google Mock names are in the `testing` namespace unless they are macros or otherwise noted. - 1. Create the mock objects. - 1. Optionally, set the default actions of the mock objects. - 1. Set your expectations on the mock objects (How will they be called? What wil they do?). - 1. Exercise code that uses the mock objects; if necessary, check the result using [Google Test](../../googletest/) assertions. - 1. When a mock objects is destructed, Google Mock automatically verifies that all expectations on it have been satisfied. - -Here is an example: -``` -using ::testing::Return; // #1 - -TEST(BarTest, DoesThis) { - MockFoo foo; // #2 - - ON_CALL(foo, GetSize()) // #3 - .WillByDefault(Return(1)); - // ... other default actions ... - - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Describe(5)) // #4 - .Times(3) - .WillRepeatedly(Return("Category 5")); - // ... other expectations ... - - EXPECT_EQ("good", MyProductionFunction(&foo)); // #5 -} // #6 -``` - -# Setting Default Actions # - -Google Mock has a **built-in default action** for any function that -returns `void`, `bool`, a numeric value, or a pointer. - -To customize the default action for functions with return type `T` globally: -``` -using ::testing::DefaultValue; - -// Sets the default value to be returned. T must be CopyConstructible. -DefaultValue::Set(value); -// Sets a factory. Will be invoked on demand. T must be MoveConstructible. -// T MakeT(); -DefaultValue::SetFactory(&MakeT); -// ... use the mocks ... -// Resets the default value. -DefaultValue::Clear(); -``` - -To customize the default action for a particular method, use `ON_CALL()`: -``` -ON_CALL(mock_object, method(matchers)) - .With(multi_argument_matcher) ? - .WillByDefault(action); -``` - -# Setting Expectations # - -`EXPECT_CALL()` sets **expectations** on a mock method (How will it be -called? What will it do?): -``` -EXPECT_CALL(mock_object, method(matchers)) - .With(multi_argument_matcher) ? - .Times(cardinality) ? - .InSequence(sequences) * - .After(expectations) * - .WillOnce(action) * - .WillRepeatedly(action) ? - .RetiresOnSaturation(); ? -``` - -If `Times()` is omitted, the cardinality is assumed to be: - - * `Times(1)` when there is neither `WillOnce()` nor `WillRepeatedly()`; - * `Times(n)` when there are `n WillOnce()`s but no `WillRepeatedly()`, where `n` >= 1; or - * `Times(AtLeast(n))` when there are `n WillOnce()`s and a `WillRepeatedly()`, where `n` >= 0. - -A method with no `EXPECT_CALL()` is free to be invoked _any number of times_, and the default action will be taken each time. - -# Matchers # - -A **matcher** matches a _single_ argument. You can use it inside -`ON_CALL()` or `EXPECT_CALL()`, or use it to validate a value -directly: - -| `EXPECT_THAT(value, matcher)` | Asserts that `value` matches `matcher`. | -|:------------------------------|:----------------------------------------| -| `ASSERT_THAT(value, matcher)` | The same as `EXPECT_THAT(value, matcher)`, except that it generates a **fatal** failure. | - -Built-in matchers (where `argument` is the function argument) are -divided into several categories: - -## Wildcard ## -|`_`|`argument` can be any value of the correct type.| -|:--|:-----------------------------------------------| -|`A()` or `An()`|`argument` can be any value of type `type`. | - -## Generic Comparison ## - -|`Eq(value)` or `value`|`argument == value`| -|:---------------------|:------------------| -|`Ge(value)` |`argument >= value`| -|`Gt(value)` |`argument > value` | -|`Le(value)` |`argument <= value`| -|`Lt(value)` |`argument < value` | -|`Ne(value)` |`argument != value`| -|`IsNull()` |`argument` is a `NULL` pointer (raw or smart).| -|`NotNull()` |`argument` is a non-null pointer (raw or smart).| -|`Ref(variable)` |`argument` is a reference to `variable`.| -|`TypedEq(value)`|`argument` has type `type` and is equal to `value`. You may need to use this instead of `Eq(value)` when the mock function is overloaded.| - -Except `Ref()`, these matchers make a _copy_ of `value` in case it's -modified or destructed later. If the compiler complains that `value` -doesn't have a public copy constructor, try wrap it in `ByRef()`, -e.g. `Eq(ByRef(non_copyable_value))`. If you do that, make sure -`non_copyable_value` is not changed afterwards, or the meaning of your -matcher will be changed. - -## Floating-Point Matchers ## - -|`DoubleEq(a_double)`|`argument` is a `double` value approximately equal to `a_double`, treating two NaNs as unequal.| -|:-------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| -|`FloatEq(a_float)` |`argument` is a `float` value approximately equal to `a_float`, treating two NaNs as unequal. | -|`NanSensitiveDoubleEq(a_double)`|`argument` is a `double` value approximately equal to `a_double`, treating two NaNs as equal. | -|`NanSensitiveFloatEq(a_float)`|`argument` is a `float` value approximately equal to `a_float`, treating two NaNs as equal. | - -The above matchers use ULP-based comparison (the same as used in -[Google Test](../../googletest/)). They -automatically pick a reasonable error bound based on the absolute -value of the expected value. `DoubleEq()` and `FloatEq()` conform to -the IEEE standard, which requires comparing two NaNs for equality to -return false. The `NanSensitive*` version instead treats two NaNs as -equal, which is often what a user wants. - -|`DoubleNear(a_double, max_abs_error)`|`argument` is a `double` value close to `a_double` (absolute error <= `max_abs_error`), treating two NaNs as unequal.| -|:------------------------------------|:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| -|`FloatNear(a_float, max_abs_error)` |`argument` is a `float` value close to `a_float` (absolute error <= `max_abs_error`), treating two NaNs as unequal. | -|`NanSensitiveDoubleNear(a_double, max_abs_error)`|`argument` is a `double` value close to `a_double` (absolute error <= `max_abs_error`), treating two NaNs as equal. | -|`NanSensitiveFloatNear(a_float, max_abs_error)`|`argument` is a `float` value close to `a_float` (absolute error <= `max_abs_error`), treating two NaNs as equal. | - -## String Matchers ## - -The `argument` can be either a C string or a C++ string object: - -|`ContainsRegex(string)`|`argument` matches the given regular expression.| -|:----------------------|:-----------------------------------------------| -|`EndsWith(suffix)` |`argument` ends with string `suffix`. | -|`HasSubstr(string)` |`argument` contains `string` as a sub-string. | -|`MatchesRegex(string)` |`argument` matches the given regular expression with the match starting at the first character and ending at the last character.| -|`StartsWith(prefix)` |`argument` starts with string `prefix`. | -|`StrCaseEq(string)` |`argument` is equal to `string`, ignoring case. | -|`StrCaseNe(string)` |`argument` is not equal to `string`, ignoring case.| -|`StrEq(string)` |`argument` is equal to `string`. | -|`StrNe(string)` |`argument` is not equal to `string`. | - -`ContainsRegex()` and `MatchesRegex()` use the regular expression -syntax defined -[here](../../googletest/docs/AdvancedGuide.md#regular-expression-syntax). -`StrCaseEq()`, `StrCaseNe()`, `StrEq()`, and `StrNe()` work for wide -strings as well. - -## Container Matchers ## - -Most STL-style containers support `==`, so you can use -`Eq(expected_container)` or simply `expected_container` to match a -container exactly. If you want to write the elements in-line, -match them more flexibly, or get more informative messages, you can use: - -| `ContainerEq(container)` | The same as `Eq(container)` except that the failure message also includes which elements are in one container but not the other. | -|:-------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| -| `Contains(e)` | `argument` contains an element that matches `e`, which can be either a value or a matcher. | -| `Each(e)` | `argument` is a container where _every_ element matches `e`, which can be either a value or a matcher. | -| `ElementsAre(e0, e1, ..., en)` | `argument` has `n + 1` elements, where the i-th element matches `ei`, which can be a value or a matcher. 0 to 10 arguments are allowed. | -| `ElementsAreArray({ e0, e1, ..., en })`, `ElementsAreArray(array)`, or `ElementsAreArray(array, count)` | The same as `ElementsAre()` except that the expected element values/matchers come from an initializer list, STL-style container, or C-style array. | -| `IsEmpty()` | `argument` is an empty container (`container.empty()`). | -| `Pointwise(m, container)` | `argument` contains the same number of elements as in `container`, and for all i, (the i-th element in `argument`, the i-th element in `container`) match `m`, which is a matcher on 2-tuples. E.g. `Pointwise(Le(), upper_bounds)` verifies that each element in `argument` doesn't exceed the corresponding element in `upper_bounds`. See more detail below. | -| `SizeIs(m)` | `argument` is a container whose size matches `m`. E.g. `SizeIs(2)` or `SizeIs(Lt(2))`. | -| `UnorderedElementsAre(e0, e1, ..., en)` | `argument` has `n + 1` elements, and under some permutation each element matches an `ei` (for a different `i`), which can be a value or a matcher. 0 to 10 arguments are allowed. | -| `UnorderedElementsAreArray({ e0, e1, ..., en })`, `UnorderedElementsAreArray(array)`, or `UnorderedElementsAreArray(array, count)` | The same as `UnorderedElementsAre()` except that the expected element values/matchers come from an initializer list, STL-style container, or C-style array. | -| `WhenSorted(m)` | When `argument` is sorted using the `<` operator, it matches container matcher `m`. E.g. `WhenSorted(UnorderedElementsAre(1, 2, 3))` verifies that `argument` contains elements `1`, `2`, and `3`, ignoring order. | -| `WhenSortedBy(comparator, m)` | The same as `WhenSorted(m)`, except that the given comparator instead of `<` is used to sort `argument`. E.g. `WhenSortedBy(std::greater(), ElementsAre(3, 2, 1))`. | - -Notes: - - * These matchers can also match: - 1. a native array passed by reference (e.g. in `Foo(const int (&a)[5])`), and - 1. an array passed as a pointer and a count (e.g. in `Bar(const T* buffer, int len)` -- see [Multi-argument Matchers](#Multiargument_Matchers.md)). - * The array being matched may be multi-dimensional (i.e. its elements can be arrays). - * `m` in `Pointwise(m, ...)` should be a matcher for `::testing::tuple` where `T` and `U` are the element type of the actual container and the expected container, respectively. For example, to compare two `Foo` containers where `Foo` doesn't support `operator==` but has an `Equals()` method, one might write: - -``` -using ::testing::get; -MATCHER(FooEq, "") { - return get<0>(arg).Equals(get<1>(arg)); -} -... -EXPECT_THAT(actual_foos, Pointwise(FooEq(), expected_foos)); -``` - -## Member Matchers ## - -|`Field(&class::field, m)`|`argument.field` (or `argument->field` when `argument` is a plain pointer) matches matcher `m`, where `argument` is an object of type _class_.| -|:------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| -|`Key(e)` |`argument.first` matches `e`, which can be either a value or a matcher. E.g. `Contains(Key(Le(5)))` can verify that a `map` contains a key `<= 5`.| -|`Pair(m1, m2)` |`argument` is an `std::pair` whose `first` field matches `m1` and `second` field matches `m2`. | -|`Property(&class::property, m)`|`argument.property()` (or `argument->property()` when `argument` is a plain pointer) matches matcher `m`, where `argument` is an object of type _class_.| - -## Matching the Result of a Function or Functor ## - -|`ResultOf(f, m)`|`f(argument)` matches matcher `m`, where `f` is a function or functor.| -|:---------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------| - -## Pointer Matchers ## - -|`Pointee(m)`|`argument` (either a smart pointer or a raw pointer) points to a value that matches matcher `m`.| -|:-----------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| -|`WhenDynamicCastTo(m)`| when `argument` is passed through `dynamic_cast()`, it matches matcher `m`. | - -## Multiargument Matchers ## - -Technically, all matchers match a _single_ value. A "multi-argument" -matcher is just one that matches a _tuple_. The following matchers can -be used to match a tuple `(x, y)`: - -|`Eq()`|`x == y`| -|:-----|:-------| -|`Ge()`|`x >= y`| -|`Gt()`|`x > y` | -|`Le()`|`x <= y`| -|`Lt()`|`x < y` | -|`Ne()`|`x != y`| - -You can use the following selectors to pick a subset of the arguments -(or reorder them) to participate in the matching: - -|`AllArgs(m)`|Equivalent to `m`. Useful as syntactic sugar in `.With(AllArgs(m))`.| -|:-----------|:-------------------------------------------------------------------| -|`Args(m)`|The tuple of the `k` selected (using 0-based indices) arguments matches `m`, e.g. `Args<1, 2>(Eq())`.| - -## Composite Matchers ## - -You can make a matcher from one or more other matchers: - -|`AllOf(m1, m2, ..., mn)`|`argument` matches all of the matchers `m1` to `mn`.| -|:-----------------------|:---------------------------------------------------| -|`AnyOf(m1, m2, ..., mn)`|`argument` matches at least one of the matchers `m1` to `mn`.| -|`Not(m)` |`argument` doesn't match matcher `m`. | - -## Adapters for Matchers ## - -|`MatcherCast(m)`|casts matcher `m` to type `Matcher`.| -|:------------------|:--------------------------------------| -|`SafeMatcherCast(m)`| [safely casts](CookBook.md#casting-matchers) matcher `m` to type `Matcher`. | -|`Truly(predicate)` |`predicate(argument)` returns something considered by C++ to be true, where `predicate` is a function or functor.| - -## Matchers as Predicates ## - -|`Matches(m)(value)`|evaluates to `true` if `value` matches `m`. You can use `Matches(m)` alone as a unary functor.| -|:------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| -|`ExplainMatchResult(m, value, result_listener)`|evaluates to `true` if `value` matches `m`, explaining the result to `result_listener`. | -|`Value(value, m)` |evaluates to `true` if `value` matches `m`. | - -## Defining Matchers ## - -| `MATCHER(IsEven, "") { return (arg % 2) == 0; }` | Defines a matcher `IsEven()` to match an even number. | -|:-------------------------------------------------|:------------------------------------------------------| -| `MATCHER_P(IsDivisibleBy, n, "") { *result_listener << "where the remainder is " << (arg % n); return (arg % n) == 0; }` | Defines a macher `IsDivisibleBy(n)` to match a number divisible by `n`. | -| `MATCHER_P2(IsBetween, a, b, std::string(negation ? "isn't" : "is") + " between " + PrintToString(a) + " and " + PrintToString(b)) { return a <= arg && arg <= b; }` | Defines a matcher `IsBetween(a, b)` to match a value in the range [`a`, `b`]. | - -**Notes:** - - 1. The `MATCHER*` macros cannot be used inside a function or class. - 1. The matcher body must be _purely functional_ (i.e. it cannot have any side effect, and the result must not depend on anything other than the value being matched and the matcher parameters). - 1. You can use `PrintToString(x)` to convert a value `x` of any type to a string. - -## Matchers as Test Assertions ## - -|`ASSERT_THAT(expression, m)`|Generates a [fatal failure](../../googletest/docs/Primer.md#assertions) if the value of `expression` doesn't match matcher `m`.| -|:---------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| -|`EXPECT_THAT(expression, m)`|Generates a non-fatal failure if the value of `expression` doesn't match matcher `m`. | - -# Actions # - -**Actions** specify what a mock function should do when invoked. - -## Returning a Value ## - -|`Return()`|Return from a `void` mock function.| -|:---------|:----------------------------------| -|`Return(value)`|Return `value`. If the type of `value` is different to the mock function's return type, `value` is converted to the latter type at the time the expectation is set, not when the action is executed.| -|`ReturnArg()`|Return the `N`-th (0-based) argument.| -|`ReturnNew(a1, ..., ak)`|Return `new T(a1, ..., ak)`; a different object is created each time.| -|`ReturnNull()`|Return a null pointer. | -|`ReturnPointee(ptr)`|Return the value pointed to by `ptr`.| -|`ReturnRef(variable)`|Return a reference to `variable`. | -|`ReturnRefOfCopy(value)`|Return a reference to a copy of `value`; the copy lives as long as the action.| - -## Side Effects ## - -|`Assign(&variable, value)`|Assign `value` to variable.| -|:-------------------------|:--------------------------| -| `DeleteArg()` | Delete the `N`-th (0-based) argument, which must be a pointer. | -| `SaveArg(pointer)` | Save the `N`-th (0-based) argument to `*pointer`. | -| `SaveArgPointee(pointer)` | Save the value pointed to by the `N`-th (0-based) argument to `*pointer`. | -| `SetArgReferee(value)` | Assign value to the variable referenced by the `N`-th (0-based) argument. | -|`SetArgPointee(value)` |Assign `value` to the variable pointed by the `N`-th (0-based) argument.| -|`SetArgumentPointee(value)`|Same as `SetArgPointee(value)`. Deprecated. Will be removed in v1.7.0.| -|`SetArrayArgument(first, last)`|Copies the elements in source range [`first`, `last`) to the array pointed to by the `N`-th (0-based) argument, which can be either a pointer or an iterator. The action does not take ownership of the elements in the source range.| -|`SetErrnoAndReturn(error, value)`|Set `errno` to `error` and return `value`.| -|`Throw(exception)` |Throws the given exception, which can be any copyable value. Available since v1.1.0.| - -## Using a Function or a Functor as an Action ## - -|`Invoke(f)`|Invoke `f` with the arguments passed to the mock function, where `f` can be a global/static function or a functor.| -|:----------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| -|`Invoke(object_pointer, &class::method)`|Invoke the {method on the object with the arguments passed to the mock function. | -|`InvokeWithoutArgs(f)`|Invoke `f`, which can be a global/static function or a functor. `f` must take no arguments. | -|`InvokeWithoutArgs(object_pointer, &class::method)`|Invoke the method on the object, which takes no arguments. | -|`InvokeArgument(arg1, arg2, ..., argk)`|Invoke the mock function's `N`-th (0-based) argument, which must be a function or a functor, with the `k` arguments.| - -The return value of the invoked function is used as the return value -of the action. - -When defining a function or functor to be used with `Invoke*()`, you can declare any unused parameters as `Unused`: -``` - double Distance(Unused, double x, double y) { return sqrt(x*x + y*y); } - ... - EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo("Hi", _, _)).WillOnce(Invoke(Distance)); -``` - -In `InvokeArgument(...)`, if an argument needs to be passed by reference, wrap it inside `ByRef()`. For example, -``` - InvokeArgument<2>(5, string("Hi"), ByRef(foo)) -``` -calls the mock function's #2 argument, passing to it `5` and `string("Hi")` by value, and `foo` by reference. - -## Default Action ## - -|`DoDefault()`|Do the default action (specified by `ON_CALL()` or the built-in one).| -|:------------|:--------------------------------------------------------------------| - -**Note:** due to technical reasons, `DoDefault()` cannot be used inside a composite action - trying to do so will result in a run-time error. - -## Composite Actions ## - -|`DoAll(a1, a2, ..., an)`|Do all actions `a1` to `an` and return the result of `an` in each invocation. The first `n - 1` sub-actions must return void. | -|:-----------------------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| -|`IgnoreResult(a)` |Perform action `a` and ignore its result. `a` must not return void. | -|`WithArg(a)` |Pass the `N`-th (0-based) argument of the mock function to action `a` and perform it. | -|`WithArgs(a)`|Pass the selected (0-based) arguments of the mock function to action `a` and perform it. | -|`WithoutArgs(a)` |Perform action `a` without any arguments. | - -## Defining Actions ## - -| `ACTION(Sum) { return arg0 + arg1; }` | Defines an action `Sum()` to return the sum of the mock function's argument #0 and #1. | -|:--------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| -| `ACTION_P(Plus, n) { return arg0 + n; }` | Defines an action `Plus(n)` to return the sum of the mock function's argument #0 and `n`. | -| `ACTION_Pk(Foo, p1, ..., pk) { statements; }` | Defines a parameterized action `Foo(p1, ..., pk)` to execute the given `statements`. | - -The `ACTION*` macros cannot be used inside a function or class. - -# Cardinalities # - -These are used in `Times()` to specify how many times a mock function will be called: - -|`AnyNumber()`|The function can be called any number of times.| -|:------------|:----------------------------------------------| -|`AtLeast(n)` |The call is expected at least `n` times. | -|`AtMost(n)` |The call is expected at most `n` times. | -|`Between(m, n)`|The call is expected between `m` and `n` (inclusive) times.| -|`Exactly(n) or n`|The call is expected exactly `n` times. In particular, the call should never happen when `n` is 0.| - -# Expectation Order # - -By default, the expectations can be matched in _any_ order. If some -or all expectations must be matched in a given order, there are two -ways to specify it. They can be used either independently or -together. - -## The After Clause ## - -``` -using ::testing::Expectation; -... -Expectation init_x = EXPECT_CALL(foo, InitX()); -Expectation init_y = EXPECT_CALL(foo, InitY()); -EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar()) - .After(init_x, init_y); -``` -says that `Bar()` can be called only after both `InitX()` and -`InitY()` have been called. - -If you don't know how many pre-requisites an expectation has when you -write it, you can use an `ExpectationSet` to collect them: - -``` -using ::testing::ExpectationSet; -... -ExpectationSet all_inits; -for (int i = 0; i < element_count; i++) { - all_inits += EXPECT_CALL(foo, InitElement(i)); -} -EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar()) - .After(all_inits); -``` -says that `Bar()` can be called only after all elements have been -initialized (but we don't care about which elements get initialized -before the others). - -Modifying an `ExpectationSet` after using it in an `.After()` doesn't -affect the meaning of the `.After()`. - -## Sequences ## - -When you have a long chain of sequential expectations, it's easier to -specify the order using **sequences**, which don't require you to given -each expectation in the chain a different name. All expected
-calls in the same sequence must occur in the order they are -specified. - -``` -using ::testing::Sequence; -Sequence s1, s2; -... -EXPECT_CALL(foo, Reset()) - .InSequence(s1, s2) - .WillOnce(Return(true)); -EXPECT_CALL(foo, GetSize()) - .InSequence(s1) - .WillOnce(Return(1)); -EXPECT_CALL(foo, Describe(A())) - .InSequence(s2) - .WillOnce(Return("dummy")); -``` -says that `Reset()` must be called before _both_ `GetSize()` _and_ -`Describe()`, and the latter two can occur in any order. - -To put many expectations in a sequence conveniently: -``` -using ::testing::InSequence; -{ - InSequence dummy; - - EXPECT_CALL(...)...; - EXPECT_CALL(...)...; - ... - EXPECT_CALL(...)...; -} -``` -says that all expected calls in the scope of `dummy` must occur in -strict order. The name `dummy` is irrelevant.) - -# Verifying and Resetting a Mock # - -Google Mock will verify the expectations on a mock object when it is destructed, or you can do it earlier: -``` -using ::testing::Mock; -... -// Verifies and removes the expectations on mock_obj; -// returns true iff successful. -Mock::VerifyAndClearExpectations(&mock_obj); -... -// Verifies and removes the expectations on mock_obj; -// also removes the default actions set by ON_CALL(); -// returns true iff successful. -Mock::VerifyAndClear(&mock_obj); -``` - -You can also tell Google Mock that a mock object can be leaked and doesn't -need to be verified: -``` -Mock::AllowLeak(&mock_obj); -``` - -# Mock Classes # - -Google Mock defines a convenient mock class template -``` -class MockFunction { - public: - MOCK_METHODn(Call, R(A1, ..., An)); -}; -``` -See this [recipe](CookBook.md#using-check-points) for one application of it. - -# Flags # - -| `--gmock_catch_leaked_mocks=0` | Don't report leaked mock objects as failures. | -|:-------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------| -| `--gmock_verbose=LEVEL` | Sets the default verbosity level (`info`, `warning`, or `error`) of Google Mock messages. | diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/CookBook.md b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/CookBook.md deleted file mode 100644 index c52f100..0000000 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/CookBook.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3675 +0,0 @@ - - -You can find recipes for using Google Mock here. If you haven't yet, -please read the [ForDummies](ForDummies.md) document first to make sure you understand -the basics. - -**Note:** Google Mock lives in the `testing` name space. For -readability, it is recommended to write `using ::testing::Foo;` once in -your file before using the name `Foo` defined by Google Mock. We omit -such `using` statements in this page for brevity, but you should do it -in your own code. - -# Creating Mock Classes # - -## Mocking Private or Protected Methods ## - -You must always put a mock method definition (`MOCK_METHOD*`) in a -`public:` section of the mock class, regardless of the method being -mocked being `public`, `protected`, or `private` in the base class. -This allows `ON_CALL` and `EXPECT_CALL` to reference the mock function -from outside of the mock class. (Yes, C++ allows a subclass to change -the access level of a virtual function in the base class.) Example: - -``` -class Foo { - public: - ... - virtual bool Transform(Gadget* g) = 0; - - protected: - virtual void Resume(); - - private: - virtual int GetTimeOut(); -}; - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - ... - MOCK_METHOD1(Transform, bool(Gadget* g)); - - // The following must be in the public section, even though the - // methods are protected or private in the base class. - MOCK_METHOD0(Resume, void()); - MOCK_METHOD0(GetTimeOut, int()); -}; -``` - -## Mocking Overloaded Methods ## - -You can mock overloaded functions as usual. No special attention is required: - -``` -class Foo { - ... - - // Must be virtual as we'll inherit from Foo. - virtual ~Foo(); - - // Overloaded on the types and/or numbers of arguments. - virtual int Add(Element x); - virtual int Add(int times, Element x); - - // Overloaded on the const-ness of this object. - virtual Bar& GetBar(); - virtual const Bar& GetBar() const; -}; - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - ... - MOCK_METHOD1(Add, int(Element x)); - MOCK_METHOD2(Add, int(int times, Element x); - - MOCK_METHOD0(GetBar, Bar&()); - MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(GetBar, const Bar&()); -}; -``` - -**Note:** if you don't mock all versions of the overloaded method, the -compiler will give you a warning about some methods in the base class -being hidden. To fix that, use `using` to bring them in scope: - -``` -class MockFoo : public Foo { - ... - using Foo::Add; - MOCK_METHOD1(Add, int(Element x)); - // We don't want to mock int Add(int times, Element x); - ... -}; -``` - -## Mocking Class Templates ## - -To mock a class template, append `_T` to the `MOCK_*` macros: - -``` -template -class StackInterface { - ... - // Must be virtual as we'll inherit from StackInterface. - virtual ~StackInterface(); - - virtual int GetSize() const = 0; - virtual void Push(const Elem& x) = 0; -}; - -template -class MockStack : public StackInterface { - ... - MOCK_CONST_METHOD0_T(GetSize, int()); - MOCK_METHOD1_T(Push, void(const Elem& x)); -}; -``` - -## Mocking Nonvirtual Methods ## - -Google Mock can mock non-virtual functions to be used in what we call _hi-perf -dependency injection_. - -In this case, instead of sharing a common base class with the real -class, your mock class will be _unrelated_ to the real class, but -contain methods with the same signatures. The syntax for mocking -non-virtual methods is the _same_ as mocking virtual methods: - -``` -// A simple packet stream class. None of its members is virtual. -class ConcretePacketStream { - public: - void AppendPacket(Packet* new_packet); - const Packet* GetPacket(size_t packet_number) const; - size_t NumberOfPackets() const; - ... -}; - -// A mock packet stream class. It inherits from no other, but defines -// GetPacket() and NumberOfPackets(). -class MockPacketStream { - public: - MOCK_CONST_METHOD1(GetPacket, const Packet*(size_t packet_number)); - MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(NumberOfPackets, size_t()); - ... -}; -``` - -Note that the mock class doesn't define `AppendPacket()`, unlike the -real class. That's fine as long as the test doesn't need to call it. - -Next, you need a way to say that you want to use -`ConcretePacketStream` in production code, and use `MockPacketStream` -in tests. Since the functions are not virtual and the two classes are -unrelated, you must specify your choice at _compile time_ (as opposed -to run time). - -One way to do it is to templatize your code that needs to use a packet -stream. More specifically, you will give your code a template type -argument for the type of the packet stream. In production, you will -instantiate your template with `ConcretePacketStream` as the type -argument. In tests, you will instantiate the same template with -`MockPacketStream`. For example, you may write: - -``` -template -void CreateConnection(PacketStream* stream) { ... } - -template -class PacketReader { - public: - void ReadPackets(PacketStream* stream, size_t packet_num); -}; -``` - -Then you can use `CreateConnection()` and -`PacketReader` in production code, and use -`CreateConnection()` and -`PacketReader` in tests. - -``` - MockPacketStream mock_stream; - EXPECT_CALL(mock_stream, ...)...; - .. set more expectations on mock_stream ... - PacketReader reader(&mock_stream); - ... exercise reader ... -``` - -## Mocking Free Functions ## - -It's possible to use Google Mock to mock a free function (i.e. a -C-style function or a static method). You just need to rewrite your -code to use an interface (abstract class). - -Instead of calling a free function (say, `OpenFile`) directly, -introduce an interface for it and have a concrete subclass that calls -the free function: - -``` -class FileInterface { - public: - ... - virtual bool Open(const char* path, const char* mode) = 0; -}; - -class File : public FileInterface { - public: - ... - virtual bool Open(const char* path, const char* mode) { - return OpenFile(path, mode); - } -}; -``` - -Your code should talk to `FileInterface` to open a file. Now it's -easy to mock out the function. - -This may seem much hassle, but in practice you often have multiple -related functions that you can put in the same interface, so the -per-function syntactic overhead will be much lower. - -If you are concerned about the performance overhead incurred by -virtual functions, and profiling confirms your concern, you can -combine this with the recipe for [mocking non-virtual methods](#Mocking_Nonvirtual_Methods.md). - -## The Nice, the Strict, and the Naggy ## - -If a mock method has no `EXPECT_CALL` spec but is called, Google Mock -will print a warning about the "uninteresting call". The rationale is: - - * New methods may be added to an interface after a test is written. We shouldn't fail a test just because a method it doesn't know about is called. - * However, this may also mean there's a bug in the test, so Google Mock shouldn't be silent either. If the user believes these calls are harmless, he can add an `EXPECT_CALL()` to suppress the warning. - -However, sometimes you may want to suppress all "uninteresting call" -warnings, while sometimes you may want the opposite, i.e. to treat all -of them as errors. Google Mock lets you make the decision on a -per-mock-object basis. - -Suppose your test uses a mock class `MockFoo`: - -``` -TEST(...) { - MockFoo mock_foo; - EXPECT_CALL(mock_foo, DoThis()); - ... code that uses mock_foo ... -} -``` - -If a method of `mock_foo` other than `DoThis()` is called, it will be -reported by Google Mock as a warning. However, if you rewrite your -test to use `NiceMock` instead, the warning will be gone, -resulting in a cleaner test output: - -``` -using ::testing::NiceMock; - -TEST(...) { - NiceMock mock_foo; - EXPECT_CALL(mock_foo, DoThis()); - ... code that uses mock_foo ... -} -``` - -`NiceMock` is a subclass of `MockFoo`, so it can be used -wherever `MockFoo` is accepted. - -It also works if `MockFoo`'s constructor takes some arguments, as -`NiceMock` "inherits" `MockFoo`'s constructors: - -``` -using ::testing::NiceMock; - -TEST(...) { - NiceMock mock_foo(5, "hi"); // Calls MockFoo(5, "hi"). - EXPECT_CALL(mock_foo, DoThis()); - ... code that uses mock_foo ... -} -``` - -The usage of `StrictMock` is similar, except that it makes all -uninteresting calls failures: - -``` -using ::testing::StrictMock; - -TEST(...) { - StrictMock mock_foo; - EXPECT_CALL(mock_foo, DoThis()); - ... code that uses mock_foo ... - - // The test will fail if a method of mock_foo other than DoThis() - // is called. -} -``` - -There are some caveats though (I don't like them just as much as the -next guy, but sadly they are side effects of C++'s limitations): - - 1. `NiceMock` and `StrictMock` only work for mock methods defined using the `MOCK_METHOD*` family of macros **directly** in the `MockFoo` class. If a mock method is defined in a **base class** of `MockFoo`, the "nice" or "strict" modifier may not affect it, depending on the compiler. In particular, nesting `NiceMock` and `StrictMock` (e.g. `NiceMock >`) is **not** supported. - 1. The constructors of the base mock (`MockFoo`) cannot have arguments passed by non-const reference, which happens to be banned by the [Google C++ style guide](http://google-styleguide.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/cppguide.xml). - 1. During the constructor or destructor of `MockFoo`, the mock object is _not_ nice or strict. This may cause surprises if the constructor or destructor calls a mock method on `this` object. (This behavior, however, is consistent with C++'s general rule: if a constructor or destructor calls a virtual method of `this` object, that method is treated as non-virtual. In other words, to the base class's constructor or destructor, `this` object behaves like an instance of the base class, not the derived class. This rule is required for safety. Otherwise a base constructor may use members of a derived class before they are initialized, or a base destructor may use members of a derived class after they have been destroyed.) - -Finally, you should be **very cautious** about when to use naggy or strict mocks, as they tend to make tests more brittle and harder to maintain. When you refactor your code without changing its externally visible behavior, ideally you should't need to update any tests. If your code interacts with a naggy mock, however, you may start to get spammed with warnings as the result of your change. Worse, if your code interacts with a strict mock, your tests may start to fail and you'll be forced to fix them. Our general recommendation is to use nice mocks (not yet the default) most of the time, use naggy mocks (the current default) when developing or debugging tests, and use strict mocks only as the last resort. - -## Simplifying the Interface without Breaking Existing Code ## - -Sometimes a method has a long list of arguments that is mostly -uninteresting. For example, - -``` -class LogSink { - public: - ... - virtual void send(LogSeverity severity, const char* full_filename, - const char* base_filename, int line, - const struct tm* tm_time, - const char* message, size_t message_len) = 0; -}; -``` - -This method's argument list is lengthy and hard to work with (let's -say that the `message` argument is not even 0-terminated). If we mock -it as is, using the mock will be awkward. If, however, we try to -simplify this interface, we'll need to fix all clients depending on -it, which is often infeasible. - -The trick is to re-dispatch the method in the mock class: - -``` -class ScopedMockLog : public LogSink { - public: - ... - virtual void send(LogSeverity severity, const char* full_filename, - const char* base_filename, int line, const tm* tm_time, - const char* message, size_t message_len) { - // We are only interested in the log severity, full file name, and - // log message. - Log(severity, full_filename, std::string(message, message_len)); - } - - // Implements the mock method: - // - // void Log(LogSeverity severity, - // const string& file_path, - // const string& message); - MOCK_METHOD3(Log, void(LogSeverity severity, const string& file_path, - const string& message)); -}; -``` - -By defining a new mock method with a trimmed argument list, we make -the mock class much more user-friendly. - -## Alternative to Mocking Concrete Classes ## - -Often you may find yourself using classes that don't implement -interfaces. In order to test your code that uses such a class (let's -call it `Concrete`), you may be tempted to make the methods of -`Concrete` virtual and then mock it. - -Try not to do that. - -Making a non-virtual function virtual is a big decision. It creates an -extension point where subclasses can tweak your class' behavior. This -weakens your control on the class because now it's harder to maintain -the class' invariants. You should make a function virtual only when -there is a valid reason for a subclass to override it. - -Mocking concrete classes directly is problematic as it creates a tight -coupling between the class and the tests - any small change in the -class may invalidate your tests and make test maintenance a pain. - -To avoid such problems, many programmers have been practicing "coding -to interfaces": instead of talking to the `Concrete` class, your code -would define an interface and talk to it. Then you implement that -interface as an adaptor on top of `Concrete`. In tests, you can easily -mock that interface to observe how your code is doing. - -This technique incurs some overhead: - - * You pay the cost of virtual function calls (usually not a problem). - * There is more abstraction for the programmers to learn. - -However, it can also bring significant benefits in addition to better -testability: - - * `Concrete`'s API may not fit your problem domain very well, as you may not be the only client it tries to serve. By designing your own interface, you have a chance to tailor it to your need - you may add higher-level functionalities, rename stuff, etc instead of just trimming the class. This allows you to write your code (user of the interface) in a more natural way, which means it will be more readable, more maintainable, and you'll be more productive. - * If `Concrete`'s implementation ever has to change, you don't have to rewrite everywhere it is used. Instead, you can absorb the change in your implementation of the interface, and your other code and tests will be insulated from this change. - -Some people worry that if everyone is practicing this technique, they -will end up writing lots of redundant code. This concern is totally -understandable. However, there are two reasons why it may not be the -case: - - * Different projects may need to use `Concrete` in different ways, so the best interfaces for them will be different. Therefore, each of them will have its own domain-specific interface on top of `Concrete`, and they will not be the same code. - * If enough projects want to use the same interface, they can always share it, just like they have been sharing `Concrete`. You can check in the interface and the adaptor somewhere near `Concrete` (perhaps in a `contrib` sub-directory) and let many projects use it. - -You need to weigh the pros and cons carefully for your particular -problem, but I'd like to assure you that the Java community has been -practicing this for a long time and it's a proven effective technique -applicable in a wide variety of situations. :-) - -## Delegating Calls to a Fake ## - -Some times you have a non-trivial fake implementation of an -interface. For example: - -``` -class Foo { - public: - virtual ~Foo() {} - virtual char DoThis(int n) = 0; - virtual void DoThat(const char* s, int* p) = 0; -}; - -class FakeFoo : public Foo { - public: - virtual char DoThis(int n) { - return (n > 0) ? '+' : - (n < 0) ? '-' : '0'; - } - - virtual void DoThat(const char* s, int* p) { - *p = strlen(s); - } -}; -``` - -Now you want to mock this interface such that you can set expectations -on it. However, you also want to use `FakeFoo` for the default -behavior, as duplicating it in the mock object is, well, a lot of -work. - -When you define the mock class using Google Mock, you can have it -delegate its default action to a fake class you already have, using -this pattern: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::Invoke; - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - // Normal mock method definitions using Google Mock. - MOCK_METHOD1(DoThis, char(int n)); - MOCK_METHOD2(DoThat, void(const char* s, int* p)); - - // Delegates the default actions of the methods to a FakeFoo object. - // This must be called *before* the custom ON_CALL() statements. - void DelegateToFake() { - ON_CALL(*this, DoThis(_)) - .WillByDefault(Invoke(&fake_, &FakeFoo::DoThis)); - ON_CALL(*this, DoThat(_, _)) - .WillByDefault(Invoke(&fake_, &FakeFoo::DoThat)); - } - private: - FakeFoo fake_; // Keeps an instance of the fake in the mock. -}; -``` - -With that, you can use `MockFoo` in your tests as usual. Just remember -that if you don't explicitly set an action in an `ON_CALL()` or -`EXPECT_CALL()`, the fake will be called upon to do it: - -``` -using ::testing::_; - -TEST(AbcTest, Xyz) { - MockFoo foo; - foo.DelegateToFake(); // Enables the fake for delegation. - - // Put your ON_CALL(foo, ...)s here, if any. - - // No action specified, meaning to use the default action. - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(5)); - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThat(_, _)); - - int n = 0; - EXPECT_EQ('+', foo.DoThis(5)); // FakeFoo::DoThis() is invoked. - foo.DoThat("Hi", &n); // FakeFoo::DoThat() is invoked. - EXPECT_EQ(2, n); -} -``` - -**Some tips:** - - * If you want, you can still override the default action by providing your own `ON_CALL()` or using `.WillOnce()` / `.WillRepeatedly()` in `EXPECT_CALL()`. - * In `DelegateToFake()`, you only need to delegate the methods whose fake implementation you intend to use. - * The general technique discussed here works for overloaded methods, but you'll need to tell the compiler which version you mean. To disambiguate a mock function (the one you specify inside the parentheses of `ON_CALL()`), see the "Selecting Between Overloaded Functions" section on this page; to disambiguate a fake function (the one you place inside `Invoke()`), use a `static_cast` to specify the function's type. For instance, if class `Foo` has methods `char DoThis(int n)` and `bool DoThis(double x) const`, and you want to invoke the latter, you need to write `Invoke(&fake_, static_cast(&FakeFoo::DoThis))` instead of `Invoke(&fake_, &FakeFoo::DoThis)` (The strange-looking thing inside the angled brackets of `static_cast` is the type of a function pointer to the second `DoThis()` method.). - * Having to mix a mock and a fake is often a sign of something gone wrong. Perhaps you haven't got used to the interaction-based way of testing yet. Or perhaps your interface is taking on too many roles and should be split up. Therefore, **don't abuse this**. We would only recommend to do it as an intermediate step when you are refactoring your code. - -Regarding the tip on mixing a mock and a fake, here's an example on -why it may be a bad sign: Suppose you have a class `System` for -low-level system operations. In particular, it does file and I/O -operations. And suppose you want to test how your code uses `System` -to do I/O, and you just want the file operations to work normally. If -you mock out the entire `System` class, you'll have to provide a fake -implementation for the file operation part, which suggests that -`System` is taking on too many roles. - -Instead, you can define a `FileOps` interface and an `IOOps` interface -and split `System`'s functionalities into the two. Then you can mock -`IOOps` without mocking `FileOps`. - -## Delegating Calls to a Real Object ## - -When using testing doubles (mocks, fakes, stubs, and etc), sometimes -their behaviors will differ from those of the real objects. This -difference could be either intentional (as in simulating an error such -that you can test the error handling code) or unintentional. If your -mocks have different behaviors than the real objects by mistake, you -could end up with code that passes the tests but fails in production. - -You can use the _delegating-to-real_ technique to ensure that your -mock has the same behavior as the real object while retaining the -ability to validate calls. This technique is very similar to the -delegating-to-fake technique, the difference being that we use a real -object instead of a fake. Here's an example: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::AtLeast; -using ::testing::Invoke; - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - MockFoo() { - // By default, all calls are delegated to the real object. - ON_CALL(*this, DoThis()) - .WillByDefault(Invoke(&real_, &Foo::DoThis)); - ON_CALL(*this, DoThat(_)) - .WillByDefault(Invoke(&real_, &Foo::DoThat)); - ... - } - MOCK_METHOD0(DoThis, ...); - MOCK_METHOD1(DoThat, ...); - ... - private: - Foo real_; -}; -... - - MockFoo mock; - - EXPECT_CALL(mock, DoThis()) - .Times(3); - EXPECT_CALL(mock, DoThat("Hi")) - .Times(AtLeast(1)); - ... use mock in test ... -``` - -With this, Google Mock will verify that your code made the right calls -(with the right arguments, in the right order, called the right number -of times, etc), and a real object will answer the calls (so the -behavior will be the same as in production). This gives you the best -of both worlds. - -## Delegating Calls to a Parent Class ## - -Ideally, you should code to interfaces, whose methods are all pure -virtual. In reality, sometimes you do need to mock a virtual method -that is not pure (i.e, it already has an implementation). For example: - -``` -class Foo { - public: - virtual ~Foo(); - - virtual void Pure(int n) = 0; - virtual int Concrete(const char* str) { ... } -}; - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - // Mocking a pure method. - MOCK_METHOD1(Pure, void(int n)); - // Mocking a concrete method. Foo::Concrete() is shadowed. - MOCK_METHOD1(Concrete, int(const char* str)); -}; -``` - -Sometimes you may want to call `Foo::Concrete()` instead of -`MockFoo::Concrete()`. Perhaps you want to do it as part of a stub -action, or perhaps your test doesn't need to mock `Concrete()` at all -(but it would be oh-so painful to have to define a new mock class -whenever you don't need to mock one of its methods). - -The trick is to leave a back door in your mock class for accessing the -real methods in the base class: - -``` -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - // Mocking a pure method. - MOCK_METHOD1(Pure, void(int n)); - // Mocking a concrete method. Foo::Concrete() is shadowed. - MOCK_METHOD1(Concrete, int(const char* str)); - - // Use this to call Concrete() defined in Foo. - int FooConcrete(const char* str) { return Foo::Concrete(str); } -}; -``` - -Now, you can call `Foo::Concrete()` inside an action by: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::Invoke; -... - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Concrete(_)) - .WillOnce(Invoke(&foo, &MockFoo::FooConcrete)); -``` - -or tell the mock object that you don't want to mock `Concrete()`: - -``` -using ::testing::Invoke; -... - ON_CALL(foo, Concrete(_)) - .WillByDefault(Invoke(&foo, &MockFoo::FooConcrete)); -``` - -(Why don't we just write `Invoke(&foo, &Foo::Concrete)`? If you do -that, `MockFoo::Concrete()` will be called (and cause an infinite -recursion) since `Foo::Concrete()` is virtual. That's just how C++ -works.) - -# Using Matchers # - -## Matching Argument Values Exactly ## - -You can specify exactly which arguments a mock method is expecting: - -``` -using ::testing::Return; -... - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(5)) - .WillOnce(Return('a')); - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThat("Hello", bar)); -``` - -## Using Simple Matchers ## - -You can use matchers to match arguments that have a certain property: - -``` -using ::testing::Ge; -using ::testing::NotNull; -using ::testing::Return; -... - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(Ge(5))) // The argument must be >= 5. - .WillOnce(Return('a')); - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThat("Hello", NotNull())); - // The second argument must not be NULL. -``` - -A frequently used matcher is `_`, which matches anything: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::NotNull; -... - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThat(_, NotNull())); -``` - -## Combining Matchers ## - -You can build complex matchers from existing ones using `AllOf()`, -`AnyOf()`, and `Not()`: - -``` -using ::testing::AllOf; -using ::testing::Gt; -using ::testing::HasSubstr; -using ::testing::Ne; -using ::testing::Not; -... - // The argument must be > 5 and != 10. - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(AllOf(Gt(5), - Ne(10)))); - - // The first argument must not contain sub-string "blah". - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThat(Not(HasSubstr("blah")), - NULL)); -``` - -## Casting Matchers ## - -Google Mock matchers are statically typed, meaning that the compiler -can catch your mistake if you use a matcher of the wrong type (for -example, if you use `Eq(5)` to match a `string` argument). Good for -you! - -Sometimes, however, you know what you're doing and want the compiler -to give you some slack. One example is that you have a matcher for -`long` and the argument you want to match is `int`. While the two -types aren't exactly the same, there is nothing really wrong with -using a `Matcher` to match an `int` - after all, we can first -convert the `int` argument to a `long` before giving it to the -matcher. - -To support this need, Google Mock gives you the -`SafeMatcherCast(m)` function. It casts a matcher `m` to type -`Matcher`. To ensure safety, Google Mock checks that (let `U` be the -type `m` accepts): - - 1. Type `T` can be implicitly cast to type `U`; - 1. When both `T` and `U` are built-in arithmetic types (`bool`, integers, and floating-point numbers), the conversion from `T` to `U` is not lossy (in other words, any value representable by `T` can also be represented by `U`); and - 1. When `U` is a reference, `T` must also be a reference (as the underlying matcher may be interested in the address of the `U` value). - -The code won't compile if any of these conditions isn't met. - -Here's one example: - -``` -using ::testing::SafeMatcherCast; - -// A base class and a child class. -class Base { ... }; -class Derived : public Base { ... }; - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - MOCK_METHOD1(DoThis, void(Derived* derived)); -}; -... - - MockFoo foo; - // m is a Matcher we got from somewhere. - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(SafeMatcherCast(m))); -``` - -If you find `SafeMatcherCast(m)` too limiting, you can use a similar -function `MatcherCast(m)`. The difference is that `MatcherCast` works -as long as you can `static_cast` type `T` to type `U`. - -`MatcherCast` essentially lets you bypass C++'s type system -(`static_cast` isn't always safe as it could throw away information, -for example), so be careful not to misuse/abuse it. - -## Selecting Between Overloaded Functions ## - -If you expect an overloaded function to be called, the compiler may -need some help on which overloaded version it is. - -To disambiguate functions overloaded on the const-ness of this object, -use the `Const()` argument wrapper. - -``` -using ::testing::ReturnRef; - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - ... - MOCK_METHOD0(GetBar, Bar&()); - MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(GetBar, const Bar&()); -}; -... - - MockFoo foo; - Bar bar1, bar2; - EXPECT_CALL(foo, GetBar()) // The non-const GetBar(). - .WillOnce(ReturnRef(bar1)); - EXPECT_CALL(Const(foo), GetBar()) // The const GetBar(). - .WillOnce(ReturnRef(bar2)); -``` - -(`Const()` is defined by Google Mock and returns a `const` reference -to its argument.) - -To disambiguate overloaded functions with the same number of arguments -but different argument types, you may need to specify the exact type -of a matcher, either by wrapping your matcher in `Matcher()`, or -using a matcher whose type is fixed (`TypedEq`, `An()`, -etc): - -``` -using ::testing::An; -using ::testing::Lt; -using ::testing::Matcher; -using ::testing::TypedEq; - -class MockPrinter : public Printer { - public: - MOCK_METHOD1(Print, void(int n)); - MOCK_METHOD1(Print, void(char c)); -}; - -TEST(PrinterTest, Print) { - MockPrinter printer; - - EXPECT_CALL(printer, Print(An())); // void Print(int); - EXPECT_CALL(printer, Print(Matcher(Lt(5)))); // void Print(int); - EXPECT_CALL(printer, Print(TypedEq('a'))); // void Print(char); - - printer.Print(3); - printer.Print(6); - printer.Print('a'); -} -``` - -## Performing Different Actions Based on the Arguments ## - -When a mock method is called, the _last_ matching expectation that's -still active will be selected (think "newer overrides older"). So, you -can make a method do different things depending on its argument values -like this: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::Lt; -using ::testing::Return; -... - // The default case. - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(_)) - .WillRepeatedly(Return('b')); - - // The more specific case. - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(Lt(5))) - .WillRepeatedly(Return('a')); -``` - -Now, if `foo.DoThis()` is called with a value less than 5, `'a'` will -be returned; otherwise `'b'` will be returned. - -## Matching Multiple Arguments as a Whole ## - -Sometimes it's not enough to match the arguments individually. For -example, we may want to say that the first argument must be less than -the second argument. The `With()` clause allows us to match -all arguments of a mock function as a whole. For example, - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::Lt; -using ::testing::Ne; -... - EXPECT_CALL(foo, InRange(Ne(0), _)) - .With(Lt()); -``` - -says that the first argument of `InRange()` must not be 0, and must be -less than the second argument. - -The expression inside `With()` must be a matcher of type -`Matcher< ::testing::tuple >`, where `A1`, ..., `An` are the -types of the function arguments. - -You can also write `AllArgs(m)` instead of `m` inside `.With()`. The -two forms are equivalent, but `.With(AllArgs(Lt()))` is more readable -than `.With(Lt())`. - -You can use `Args(m)` to match the `n` selected arguments -(as a tuple) against `m`. For example, - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::AllOf; -using ::testing::Args; -using ::testing::Lt; -... - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Blah(_, _, _)) - .With(AllOf(Args<0, 1>(Lt()), Args<1, 2>(Lt()))); -``` - -says that `Blah()` will be called with arguments `x`, `y`, and `z` where -`x < y < z`. - -As a convenience and example, Google Mock provides some matchers for -2-tuples, including the `Lt()` matcher above. See the [CheatSheet](CheatSheet.md) for -the complete list. - -Note that if you want to pass the arguments to a predicate of your own -(e.g. `.With(Args<0, 1>(Truly(&MyPredicate)))`), that predicate MUST be -written to take a `::testing::tuple` as its argument; Google Mock will pass the `n` selected arguments as _one_ single tuple to the predicate. - -## Using Matchers as Predicates ## - -Have you noticed that a matcher is just a fancy predicate that also -knows how to describe itself? Many existing algorithms take predicates -as arguments (e.g. those defined in STL's `` header), and -it would be a shame if Google Mock matchers are not allowed to -participate. - -Luckily, you can use a matcher where a unary predicate functor is -expected by wrapping it inside the `Matches()` function. For example, - -``` -#include -#include - -std::vector v; -... -// How many elements in v are >= 10? -const int count = count_if(v.begin(), v.end(), Matches(Ge(10))); -``` - -Since you can build complex matchers from simpler ones easily using -Google Mock, this gives you a way to conveniently construct composite -predicates (doing the same using STL's `` header is just -painful). For example, here's a predicate that's satisfied by any -number that is >= 0, <= 100, and != 50: - -``` -Matches(AllOf(Ge(0), Le(100), Ne(50))) -``` - -## Using Matchers in Google Test Assertions ## - -Since matchers are basically predicates that also know how to describe -themselves, there is a way to take advantage of them in -[Google Test](../../googletest/) assertions. It's -called `ASSERT_THAT` and `EXPECT_THAT`: - -``` - ASSERT_THAT(value, matcher); // Asserts that value matches matcher. - EXPECT_THAT(value, matcher); // The non-fatal version. -``` - -For example, in a Google Test test you can write: - -``` -#include "gmock/gmock.h" - -using ::testing::AllOf; -using ::testing::Ge; -using ::testing::Le; -using ::testing::MatchesRegex; -using ::testing::StartsWith; -... - - EXPECT_THAT(Foo(), StartsWith("Hello")); - EXPECT_THAT(Bar(), MatchesRegex("Line \\d+")); - ASSERT_THAT(Baz(), AllOf(Ge(5), Le(10))); -``` - -which (as you can probably guess) executes `Foo()`, `Bar()`, and -`Baz()`, and verifies that: - - * `Foo()` returns a string that starts with `"Hello"`. - * `Bar()` returns a string that matches regular expression `"Line \\d+"`. - * `Baz()` returns a number in the range [5, 10]. - -The nice thing about these macros is that _they read like -English_. They generate informative messages too. For example, if the -first `EXPECT_THAT()` above fails, the message will be something like: - -``` -Value of: Foo() - Actual: "Hi, world!" -Expected: starts with "Hello" -``` - -**Credit:** The idea of `(ASSERT|EXPECT)_THAT` was stolen from the -[Hamcrest](https://github.com/hamcrest/) project, which adds -`assertThat()` to JUnit. - -## Using Predicates as Matchers ## - -Google Mock provides a built-in set of matchers. In case you find them -lacking, you can use an arbitray unary predicate function or functor -as a matcher - as long as the predicate accepts a value of the type -you want. You do this by wrapping the predicate inside the `Truly()` -function, for example: - -``` -using ::testing::Truly; - -int IsEven(int n) { return (n % 2) == 0 ? 1 : 0; } -... - - // Bar() must be called with an even number. - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(Truly(IsEven))); -``` - -Note that the predicate function / functor doesn't have to return -`bool`. It works as long as the return value can be used as the -condition in statement `if (condition) ...`. - -## Matching Arguments that Are Not Copyable ## - -When you do an `EXPECT_CALL(mock_obj, Foo(bar))`, Google Mock saves -away a copy of `bar`. When `Foo()` is called later, Google Mock -compares the argument to `Foo()` with the saved copy of `bar`. This -way, you don't need to worry about `bar` being modified or destroyed -after the `EXPECT_CALL()` is executed. The same is true when you use -matchers like `Eq(bar)`, `Le(bar)`, and so on. - -But what if `bar` cannot be copied (i.e. has no copy constructor)? You -could define your own matcher function and use it with `Truly()`, as -the previous couple of recipes have shown. Or, you may be able to get -away from it if you can guarantee that `bar` won't be changed after -the `EXPECT_CALL()` is executed. Just tell Google Mock that it should -save a reference to `bar`, instead of a copy of it. Here's how: - -``` -using ::testing::Eq; -using ::testing::ByRef; -using ::testing::Lt; -... - // Expects that Foo()'s argument == bar. - EXPECT_CALL(mock_obj, Foo(Eq(ByRef(bar)))); - - // Expects that Foo()'s argument < bar. - EXPECT_CALL(mock_obj, Foo(Lt(ByRef(bar)))); -``` - -Remember: if you do this, don't change `bar` after the -`EXPECT_CALL()`, or the result is undefined. - -## Validating a Member of an Object ## - -Often a mock function takes a reference to object as an argument. When -matching the argument, you may not want to compare the entire object -against a fixed object, as that may be over-specification. Instead, -you may need to validate a certain member variable or the result of a -certain getter method of the object. You can do this with `Field()` -and `Property()`. More specifically, - -``` -Field(&Foo::bar, m) -``` - -is a matcher that matches a `Foo` object whose `bar` member variable -satisfies matcher `m`. - -``` -Property(&Foo::baz, m) -``` - -is a matcher that matches a `Foo` object whose `baz()` method returns -a value that satisfies matcher `m`. - -For example: - -> | `Field(&Foo::number, Ge(3))` | Matches `x` where `x.number >= 3`. | -|:-----------------------------|:-----------------------------------| -> | `Property(&Foo::name, StartsWith("John "))` | Matches `x` where `x.name()` starts with `"John "`. | - -Note that in `Property(&Foo::baz, ...)`, method `baz()` must take no -argument and be declared as `const`. - -BTW, `Field()` and `Property()` can also match plain pointers to -objects. For instance, - -``` -Field(&Foo::number, Ge(3)) -``` - -matches a plain pointer `p` where `p->number >= 3`. If `p` is `NULL`, -the match will always fail regardless of the inner matcher. - -What if you want to validate more than one members at the same time? -Remember that there is `AllOf()`. - -## Validating the Value Pointed to by a Pointer Argument ## - -C++ functions often take pointers as arguments. You can use matchers -like `IsNull()`, `NotNull()`, and other comparison matchers to match a -pointer, but what if you want to make sure the value _pointed to_ by -the pointer, instead of the pointer itself, has a certain property? -Well, you can use the `Pointee(m)` matcher. - -`Pointee(m)` matches a pointer iff `m` matches the value the pointer -points to. For example: - -``` -using ::testing::Ge; -using ::testing::Pointee; -... - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(Pointee(Ge(3)))); -``` - -expects `foo.Bar()` to be called with a pointer that points to a value -greater than or equal to 3. - -One nice thing about `Pointee()` is that it treats a `NULL` pointer as -a match failure, so you can write `Pointee(m)` instead of - -``` - AllOf(NotNull(), Pointee(m)) -``` - -without worrying that a `NULL` pointer will crash your test. - -Also, did we tell you that `Pointee()` works with both raw pointers -**and** smart pointers (`linked_ptr`, `shared_ptr`, `scoped_ptr`, and -etc)? - -What if you have a pointer to pointer? You guessed it - you can use -nested `Pointee()` to probe deeper inside the value. For example, -`Pointee(Pointee(Lt(3)))` matches a pointer that points to a pointer -that points to a number less than 3 (what a mouthful...). - -## Testing a Certain Property of an Object ## - -Sometimes you want to specify that an object argument has a certain -property, but there is no existing matcher that does this. If you want -good error messages, you should define a matcher. If you want to do it -quick and dirty, you could get away with writing an ordinary function. - -Let's say you have a mock function that takes an object of type `Foo`, -which has an `int bar()` method and an `int baz()` method, and you -want to constrain that the argument's `bar()` value plus its `baz()` -value is a given number. Here's how you can define a matcher to do it: - -``` -using ::testing::MatcherInterface; -using ::testing::MatchResultListener; - -class BarPlusBazEqMatcher : public MatcherInterface { - public: - explicit BarPlusBazEqMatcher(int expected_sum) - : expected_sum_(expected_sum) {} - - virtual bool MatchAndExplain(const Foo& foo, - MatchResultListener* listener) const { - return (foo.bar() + foo.baz()) == expected_sum_; - } - - virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const { - *os << "bar() + baz() equals " << expected_sum_; - } - - virtual void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const { - *os << "bar() + baz() does not equal " << expected_sum_; - } - private: - const int expected_sum_; -}; - -inline Matcher BarPlusBazEq(int expected_sum) { - return MakeMatcher(new BarPlusBazEqMatcher(expected_sum)); -} - -... - - EXPECT_CALL(..., DoThis(BarPlusBazEq(5)))...; -``` - -## Matching Containers ## - -Sometimes an STL container (e.g. list, vector, map, ...) is passed to -a mock function and you may want to validate it. Since most STL -containers support the `==` operator, you can write -`Eq(expected_container)` or simply `expected_container` to match a -container exactly. - -Sometimes, though, you may want to be more flexible (for example, the -first element must be an exact match, but the second element can be -any positive number, and so on). Also, containers used in tests often -have a small number of elements, and having to define the expected -container out-of-line is a bit of a hassle. - -You can use the `ElementsAre()` or `UnorderedElementsAre()` matcher in -such cases: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::ElementsAre; -using ::testing::Gt; -... - - MOCK_METHOD1(Foo, void(const vector& numbers)); -... - - EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo(ElementsAre(1, Gt(0), _, 5))); -``` - -The above matcher says that the container must have 4 elements, which -must be 1, greater than 0, anything, and 5 respectively. - -If you instead write: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::Gt; -using ::testing::UnorderedElementsAre; -... - - MOCK_METHOD1(Foo, void(const vector& numbers)); -... - - EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo(UnorderedElementsAre(1, Gt(0), _, 5))); -``` - -It means that the container must have 4 elements, which under some -permutation must be 1, greater than 0, anything, and 5 respectively. - -`ElementsAre()` and `UnorderedElementsAre()` are overloaded to take 0 -to 10 arguments. If more are needed, you can place them in a C-style -array and use `ElementsAreArray()` or `UnorderedElementsAreArray()` -instead: - -``` -using ::testing::ElementsAreArray; -... - - // ElementsAreArray accepts an array of element values. - const int expected_vector1[] = { 1, 5, 2, 4, ... }; - EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo(ElementsAreArray(expected_vector1))); - - // Or, an array of element matchers. - Matcher expected_vector2 = { 1, Gt(2), _, 3, ... }; - EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo(ElementsAreArray(expected_vector2))); -``` - -In case the array needs to be dynamically created (and therefore the -array size cannot be inferred by the compiler), you can give -`ElementsAreArray()` an additional argument to specify the array size: - -``` -using ::testing::ElementsAreArray; -... - int* const expected_vector3 = new int[count]; - ... fill expected_vector3 with values ... - EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo(ElementsAreArray(expected_vector3, count))); -``` - -**Tips:** - - * `ElementsAre*()` can be used to match _any_ container that implements the STL iterator pattern (i.e. it has a `const_iterator` type and supports `begin()/end()`), not just the ones defined in STL. It will even work with container types yet to be written - as long as they follows the above pattern. - * You can use nested `ElementsAre*()` to match nested (multi-dimensional) containers. - * If the container is passed by pointer instead of by reference, just write `Pointee(ElementsAre*(...))`. - * The order of elements _matters_ for `ElementsAre*()`. Therefore don't use it with containers whose element order is undefined (e.g. `hash_map`). - -## Sharing Matchers ## - -Under the hood, a Google Mock matcher object consists of a pointer to -a ref-counted implementation object. Copying matchers is allowed and -very efficient, as only the pointer is copied. When the last matcher -that references the implementation object dies, the implementation -object will be deleted. - -Therefore, if you have some complex matcher that you want to use again -and again, there is no need to build it everytime. Just assign it to a -matcher variable and use that variable repeatedly! For example, - -``` - Matcher in_range = AllOf(Gt(5), Le(10)); - ... use in_range as a matcher in multiple EXPECT_CALLs ... -``` - -# Setting Expectations # - -## Knowing When to Expect ## - -`ON_CALL` is likely the single most under-utilized construct in Google Mock. - -There are basically two constructs for defining the behavior of a mock object: `ON_CALL` and `EXPECT_CALL`. The difference? `ON_CALL` defines what happens when a mock method is called, but _doesn't imply any expectation on the method being called._ `EXPECT_CALL` not only defines the behavior, but also sets an expectation that _the method will be called with the given arguments, for the given number of times_ (and _in the given order_ when you specify the order too). - -Since `EXPECT_CALL` does more, isn't it better than `ON_CALL`? Not really. Every `EXPECT_CALL` adds a constraint on the behavior of the code under test. Having more constraints than necessary is _baaad_ - even worse than not having enough constraints. - -This may be counter-intuitive. How could tests that verify more be worse than tests that verify less? Isn't verification the whole point of tests? - -The answer, lies in _what_ a test should verify. **A good test verifies the contract of the code.** If a test over-specifies, it doesn't leave enough freedom to the implementation. As a result, changing the implementation without breaking the contract (e.g. refactoring and optimization), which should be perfectly fine to do, can break such tests. Then you have to spend time fixing them, only to see them broken again the next time the implementation is changed. - -Keep in mind that one doesn't have to verify more than one property in one test. In fact, **it's a good style to verify only one thing in one test.** If you do that, a bug will likely break only one or two tests instead of dozens (which case would you rather debug?). If you are also in the habit of giving tests descriptive names that tell what they verify, you can often easily guess what's wrong just from the test log itself. - -So use `ON_CALL` by default, and only use `EXPECT_CALL` when you actually intend to verify that the call is made. For example, you may have a bunch of `ON_CALL`s in your test fixture to set the common mock behavior shared by all tests in the same group, and write (scarcely) different `EXPECT_CALL`s in different `TEST_F`s to verify different aspects of the code's behavior. Compared with the style where each `TEST` has many `EXPECT_CALL`s, this leads to tests that are more resilient to implementational changes (and thus less likely to require maintenance) and makes the intent of the tests more obvious (so they are easier to maintain when you do need to maintain them). - -If you are bothered by the "Uninteresting mock function call" message printed when a mock method without an `EXPECT_CALL` is called, you may use a `NiceMock` instead to suppress all such messages for the mock object, or suppress the message for specific methods by adding `EXPECT_CALL(...).Times(AnyNumber())`. DO NOT suppress it by blindly adding an `EXPECT_CALL(...)`, or you'll have a test that's a pain to maintain. - -## Ignoring Uninteresting Calls ## - -If you are not interested in how a mock method is called, just don't -say anything about it. In this case, if the method is ever called, -Google Mock will perform its default action to allow the test program -to continue. If you are not happy with the default action taken by -Google Mock, you can override it using `DefaultValue::Set()` -(described later in this document) or `ON_CALL()`. - -Please note that once you expressed interest in a particular mock -method (via `EXPECT_CALL()`), all invocations to it must match some -expectation. If this function is called but the arguments don't match -any `EXPECT_CALL()` statement, it will be an error. - -## Disallowing Unexpected Calls ## - -If a mock method shouldn't be called at all, explicitly say so: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -... - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(_)) - .Times(0); -``` - -If some calls to the method are allowed, but the rest are not, just -list all the expected calls: - -``` -using ::testing::AnyNumber; -using ::testing::Gt; -... - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(5)); - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(Gt(10))) - .Times(AnyNumber()); -``` - -A call to `foo.Bar()` that doesn't match any of the `EXPECT_CALL()` -statements will be an error. - -## Understanding Uninteresting vs Unexpected Calls ## - -_Uninteresting_ calls and _unexpected_ calls are different concepts in Google Mock. _Very_ different. - -A call `x.Y(...)` is **uninteresting** if there's _not even a single_ `EXPECT_CALL(x, Y(...))` set. In other words, the test isn't interested in the `x.Y()` method at all, as evident in that the test doesn't care to say anything about it. - -A call `x.Y(...)` is **unexpected** if there are some `EXPECT_CALL(x, Y(...))s` set, but none of them matches the call. Put another way, the test is interested in the `x.Y()` method (therefore it _explicitly_ sets some `EXPECT_CALL` to verify how it's called); however, the verification fails as the test doesn't expect this particular call to happen. - -**An unexpected call is always an error,** as the code under test doesn't behave the way the test expects it to behave. - -**By default, an uninteresting call is not an error,** as it violates no constraint specified by the test. (Google Mock's philosophy is that saying nothing means there is no constraint.) However, it leads to a warning, as it _might_ indicate a problem (e.g. the test author might have forgotten to specify a constraint). - -In Google Mock, `NiceMock` and `StrictMock` can be used to make a mock class "nice" or "strict". How does this affect uninteresting calls and unexpected calls? - -A **nice mock** suppresses uninteresting call warnings. It is less chatty than the default mock, but otherwise is the same. If a test fails with a default mock, it will also fail using a nice mock instead. And vice versa. Don't expect making a mock nice to change the test's result. - -A **strict mock** turns uninteresting call warnings into errors. So making a mock strict may change the test's result. - -Let's look at an example: - -``` -TEST(...) { - NiceMock mock_registry; - EXPECT_CALL(mock_registry, GetDomainOwner("google.com")) - .WillRepeatedly(Return("Larry Page")); - - // Use mock_registry in code under test. - ... &mock_registry ... -} -``` - -The sole `EXPECT_CALL` here says that all calls to `GetDomainOwner()` must have `"google.com"` as the argument. If `GetDomainOwner("yahoo.com")` is called, it will be an unexpected call, and thus an error. Having a nice mock doesn't change the severity of an unexpected call. - -So how do we tell Google Mock that `GetDomainOwner()` can be called with some other arguments as well? The standard technique is to add a "catch all" `EXPECT_CALL`: - -``` - EXPECT_CALL(mock_registry, GetDomainOwner(_)) - .Times(AnyNumber()); // catches all other calls to this method. - EXPECT_CALL(mock_registry, GetDomainOwner("google.com")) - .WillRepeatedly(Return("Larry Page")); -``` - -Remember that `_` is the wildcard matcher that matches anything. With this, if `GetDomainOwner("google.com")` is called, it will do what the second `EXPECT_CALL` says; if it is called with a different argument, it will do what the first `EXPECT_CALL` says. - -Note that the order of the two `EXPECT_CALLs` is important, as a newer `EXPECT_CALL` takes precedence over an older one. - -For more on uninteresting calls, nice mocks, and strict mocks, read ["The Nice, the Strict, and the Naggy"](#the-nice-the-strict-and-the-naggy). - -## Expecting Ordered Calls ## - -Although an `EXPECT_CALL()` statement defined earlier takes precedence -when Google Mock tries to match a function call with an expectation, -by default calls don't have to happen in the order `EXPECT_CALL()` -statements are written. For example, if the arguments match the -matchers in the third `EXPECT_CALL()`, but not those in the first two, -then the third expectation will be used. - -If you would rather have all calls occur in the order of the -expectations, put the `EXPECT_CALL()` statements in a block where you -define a variable of type `InSequence`: - -``` - using ::testing::_; - using ::testing::InSequence; - - { - InSequence s; - - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(5)); - EXPECT_CALL(bar, DoThat(_)) - .Times(2); - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(6)); - } -``` - -In this example, we expect a call to `foo.DoThis(5)`, followed by two -calls to `bar.DoThat()` where the argument can be anything, which are -in turn followed by a call to `foo.DoThis(6)`. If a call occurred -out-of-order, Google Mock will report an error. - -## Expecting Partially Ordered Calls ## - -Sometimes requiring everything to occur in a predetermined order can -lead to brittle tests. For example, we may care about `A` occurring -before both `B` and `C`, but aren't interested in the relative order -of `B` and `C`. In this case, the test should reflect our real intent, -instead of being overly constraining. - -Google Mock allows you to impose an arbitrary DAG (directed acyclic -graph) on the calls. One way to express the DAG is to use the -[After](CheatSheet.md#the-after-clause) clause of `EXPECT_CALL`. - -Another way is via the `InSequence()` clause (not the same as the -`InSequence` class), which we borrowed from jMock 2. It's less -flexible than `After()`, but more convenient when you have long chains -of sequential calls, as it doesn't require you to come up with -different names for the expectations in the chains. Here's how it -works: - -If we view `EXPECT_CALL()` statements as nodes in a graph, and add an -edge from node A to node B wherever A must occur before B, we can get -a DAG. We use the term "sequence" to mean a directed path in this -DAG. Now, if we decompose the DAG into sequences, we just need to know -which sequences each `EXPECT_CALL()` belongs to in order to be able to -reconstruct the orginal DAG. - -So, to specify the partial order on the expectations we need to do two -things: first to define some `Sequence` objects, and then for each -`EXPECT_CALL()` say which `Sequence` objects it is part -of. Expectations in the same sequence must occur in the order they are -written. For example, - -``` - using ::testing::Sequence; - - Sequence s1, s2; - - EXPECT_CALL(foo, A()) - .InSequence(s1, s2); - EXPECT_CALL(bar, B()) - .InSequence(s1); - EXPECT_CALL(bar, C()) - .InSequence(s2); - EXPECT_CALL(foo, D()) - .InSequence(s2); -``` - -specifies the following DAG (where `s1` is `A -> B`, and `s2` is `A -> -C -> D`): - -``` - +---> B - | - A ---| - | - +---> C ---> D -``` - -This means that A must occur before B and C, and C must occur before -D. There's no restriction about the order other than these. - -## Controlling When an Expectation Retires ## - -When a mock method is called, Google Mock only consider expectations -that are still active. An expectation is active when created, and -becomes inactive (aka _retires_) when a call that has to occur later -has occurred. For example, in - -``` - using ::testing::_; - using ::testing::Sequence; - - Sequence s1, s2; - - EXPECT_CALL(log, Log(WARNING, _, "File too large.")) // #1 - .Times(AnyNumber()) - .InSequence(s1, s2); - EXPECT_CALL(log, Log(WARNING, _, "Data set is empty.")) // #2 - .InSequence(s1); - EXPECT_CALL(log, Log(WARNING, _, "User not found.")) // #3 - .InSequence(s2); -``` - -as soon as either #2 or #3 is matched, #1 will retire. If a warning -`"File too large."` is logged after this, it will be an error. - -Note that an expectation doesn't retire automatically when it's -saturated. For example, - -``` -using ::testing::_; -... - EXPECT_CALL(log, Log(WARNING, _, _)); // #1 - EXPECT_CALL(log, Log(WARNING, _, "File too large.")); // #2 -``` - -says that there will be exactly one warning with the message `"File -too large."`. If the second warning contains this message too, #2 will -match again and result in an upper-bound-violated error. - -If this is not what you want, you can ask an expectation to retire as -soon as it becomes saturated: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -... - EXPECT_CALL(log, Log(WARNING, _, _)); // #1 - EXPECT_CALL(log, Log(WARNING, _, "File too large.")) // #2 - .RetiresOnSaturation(); -``` - -Here #2 can be used only once, so if you have two warnings with the -message `"File too large."`, the first will match #2 and the second -will match #1 - there will be no error. - -# Using Actions # - -## Returning References from Mock Methods ## - -If a mock function's return type is a reference, you need to use -`ReturnRef()` instead of `Return()` to return a result: - -``` -using ::testing::ReturnRef; - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - MOCK_METHOD0(GetBar, Bar&()); -}; -... - - MockFoo foo; - Bar bar; - EXPECT_CALL(foo, GetBar()) - .WillOnce(ReturnRef(bar)); -``` - -## Returning Live Values from Mock Methods ## - -The `Return(x)` action saves a copy of `x` when the action is -_created_, and always returns the same value whenever it's -executed. Sometimes you may want to instead return the _live_ value of -`x` (i.e. its value at the time when the action is _executed_.). - -If the mock function's return type is a reference, you can do it using -`ReturnRef(x)`, as shown in the previous recipe ("Returning References -from Mock Methods"). However, Google Mock doesn't let you use -`ReturnRef()` in a mock function whose return type is not a reference, -as doing that usually indicates a user error. So, what shall you do? - -You may be tempted to try `ByRef()`: - -``` -using testing::ByRef; -using testing::Return; - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - MOCK_METHOD0(GetValue, int()); -}; -... - int x = 0; - MockFoo foo; - EXPECT_CALL(foo, GetValue()) - .WillRepeatedly(Return(ByRef(x))); - x = 42; - EXPECT_EQ(42, foo.GetValue()); -``` - -Unfortunately, it doesn't work here. The above code will fail with error: - -``` -Value of: foo.GetValue() - Actual: 0 -Expected: 42 -``` - -The reason is that `Return(value)` converts `value` to the actual -return type of the mock function at the time when the action is -_created_, not when it is _executed_. (This behavior was chosen for -the action to be safe when `value` is a proxy object that references -some temporary objects.) As a result, `ByRef(x)` is converted to an -`int` value (instead of a `const int&`) when the expectation is set, -and `Return(ByRef(x))` will always return 0. - -`ReturnPointee(pointer)` was provided to solve this problem -specifically. It returns the value pointed to by `pointer` at the time -the action is _executed_: - -``` -using testing::ReturnPointee; -... - int x = 0; - MockFoo foo; - EXPECT_CALL(foo, GetValue()) - .WillRepeatedly(ReturnPointee(&x)); // Note the & here. - x = 42; - EXPECT_EQ(42, foo.GetValue()); // This will succeed now. -``` - -## Combining Actions ## - -Want to do more than one thing when a function is called? That's -fine. `DoAll()` allow you to do sequence of actions every time. Only -the return value of the last action in the sequence will be used. - -``` -using ::testing::DoAll; - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - MOCK_METHOD1(Bar, bool(int n)); -}; -... - - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(_)) - .WillOnce(DoAll(action_1, - action_2, - ... - action_n)); -``` - -## Mocking Side Effects ## - -Sometimes a method exhibits its effect not via returning a value but -via side effects. For example, it may change some global state or -modify an output argument. To mock side effects, in general you can -define your own action by implementing `::testing::ActionInterface`. - -If all you need to do is to change an output argument, the built-in -`SetArgPointee()` action is convenient: - -``` -using ::testing::SetArgPointee; - -class MockMutator : public Mutator { - public: - MOCK_METHOD2(Mutate, void(bool mutate, int* value)); - ... -}; -... - - MockMutator mutator; - EXPECT_CALL(mutator, Mutate(true, _)) - .WillOnce(SetArgPointee<1>(5)); -``` - -In this example, when `mutator.Mutate()` is called, we will assign 5 -to the `int` variable pointed to by argument #1 -(0-based). - -`SetArgPointee()` conveniently makes an internal copy of the -value you pass to it, removing the need to keep the value in scope and -alive. The implication however is that the value must have a copy -constructor and assignment operator. - -If the mock method also needs to return a value as well, you can chain -`SetArgPointee()` with `Return()` using `DoAll()`: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::Return; -using ::testing::SetArgPointee; - -class MockMutator : public Mutator { - public: - ... - MOCK_METHOD1(MutateInt, bool(int* value)); -}; -... - - MockMutator mutator; - EXPECT_CALL(mutator, MutateInt(_)) - .WillOnce(DoAll(SetArgPointee<0>(5), - Return(true))); -``` - -If the output argument is an array, use the -`SetArrayArgument(first, last)` action instead. It copies the -elements in source range `[first, last)` to the array pointed to by -the `N`-th (0-based) argument: - -``` -using ::testing::NotNull; -using ::testing::SetArrayArgument; - -class MockArrayMutator : public ArrayMutator { - public: - MOCK_METHOD2(Mutate, void(int* values, int num_values)); - ... -}; -... - - MockArrayMutator mutator; - int values[5] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }; - EXPECT_CALL(mutator, Mutate(NotNull(), 5)) - .WillOnce(SetArrayArgument<0>(values, values + 5)); -``` - -This also works when the argument is an output iterator: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::SeArrayArgument; - -class MockRolodex : public Rolodex { - public: - MOCK_METHOD1(GetNames, void(std::back_insert_iterator >)); - ... -}; -... - - MockRolodex rolodex; - vector names; - names.push_back("George"); - names.push_back("John"); - names.push_back("Thomas"); - EXPECT_CALL(rolodex, GetNames(_)) - .WillOnce(SetArrayArgument<0>(names.begin(), names.end())); -``` - -## Changing a Mock Object's Behavior Based on the State ## - -If you expect a call to change the behavior of a mock object, you can use `::testing::InSequence` to specify different behaviors before and after the call: - -``` -using ::testing::InSequence; -using ::testing::Return; - -... - { - InSequence seq; - EXPECT_CALL(my_mock, IsDirty()) - .WillRepeatedly(Return(true)); - EXPECT_CALL(my_mock, Flush()); - EXPECT_CALL(my_mock, IsDirty()) - .WillRepeatedly(Return(false)); - } - my_mock.FlushIfDirty(); -``` - -This makes `my_mock.IsDirty()` return `true` before `my_mock.Flush()` is called and return `false` afterwards. - -If the behavior change is more complex, you can store the effects in a variable and make a mock method get its return value from that variable: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::SaveArg; -using ::testing::Return; - -ACTION_P(ReturnPointee, p) { return *p; } -... - int previous_value = 0; - EXPECT_CALL(my_mock, GetPrevValue()) - .WillRepeatedly(ReturnPointee(&previous_value)); - EXPECT_CALL(my_mock, UpdateValue(_)) - .WillRepeatedly(SaveArg<0>(&previous_value)); - my_mock.DoSomethingToUpdateValue(); -``` - -Here `my_mock.GetPrevValue()` will always return the argument of the last `UpdateValue()` call. - -## Setting the Default Value for a Return Type ## - -If a mock method's return type is a built-in C++ type or pointer, by -default it will return 0 when invoked. Also, in C++ 11 and above, a mock -method whose return type has a default constructor will return a default-constructed -value by default. You only need to specify an -action if this default value doesn't work for you. - -Sometimes, you may want to change this default value, or you may want -to specify a default value for types Google Mock doesn't know -about. You can do this using the `::testing::DefaultValue` class -template: - -``` -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - MOCK_METHOD0(CalculateBar, Bar()); -}; -... - - Bar default_bar; - // Sets the default return value for type Bar. - DefaultValue::Set(default_bar); - - MockFoo foo; - - // We don't need to specify an action here, as the default - // return value works for us. - EXPECT_CALL(foo, CalculateBar()); - - foo.CalculateBar(); // This should return default_bar. - - // Unsets the default return value. - DefaultValue::Clear(); -``` - -Please note that changing the default value for a type can make you -tests hard to understand. We recommend you to use this feature -judiciously. For example, you may want to make sure the `Set()` and -`Clear()` calls are right next to the code that uses your mock. - -## Setting the Default Actions for a Mock Method ## - -You've learned how to change the default value of a given -type. However, this may be too coarse for your purpose: perhaps you -have two mock methods with the same return type and you want them to -have different behaviors. The `ON_CALL()` macro allows you to -customize your mock's behavior at the method level: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::AnyNumber; -using ::testing::Gt; -using ::testing::Return; -... - ON_CALL(foo, Sign(_)) - .WillByDefault(Return(-1)); - ON_CALL(foo, Sign(0)) - .WillByDefault(Return(0)); - ON_CALL(foo, Sign(Gt(0))) - .WillByDefault(Return(1)); - - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Sign(_)) - .Times(AnyNumber()); - - foo.Sign(5); // This should return 1. - foo.Sign(-9); // This should return -1. - foo.Sign(0); // This should return 0. -``` - -As you may have guessed, when there are more than one `ON_CALL()` -statements, the news order take precedence over the older ones. In -other words, the **last** one that matches the function arguments will -be used. This matching order allows you to set up the common behavior -in a mock object's constructor or the test fixture's set-up phase and -specialize the mock's behavior later. - -## Using Functions/Methods/Functors as Actions ## - -If the built-in actions don't suit you, you can easily use an existing -function, method, or functor as an action: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::Invoke; - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - MOCK_METHOD2(Sum, int(int x, int y)); - MOCK_METHOD1(ComplexJob, bool(int x)); -}; - -int CalculateSum(int x, int y) { return x + y; } - -class Helper { - public: - bool ComplexJob(int x); -}; -... - - MockFoo foo; - Helper helper; - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Sum(_, _)) - .WillOnce(Invoke(CalculateSum)); - EXPECT_CALL(foo, ComplexJob(_)) - .WillOnce(Invoke(&helper, &Helper::ComplexJob)); - - foo.Sum(5, 6); // Invokes CalculateSum(5, 6). - foo.ComplexJob(10); // Invokes helper.ComplexJob(10); -``` - -The only requirement is that the type of the function, etc must be -_compatible_ with the signature of the mock function, meaning that the -latter's arguments can be implicitly converted to the corresponding -arguments of the former, and the former's return type can be -implicitly converted to that of the latter. So, you can invoke -something whose type is _not_ exactly the same as the mock function, -as long as it's safe to do so - nice, huh? - -## Invoking a Function/Method/Functor Without Arguments ## - -`Invoke()` is very useful for doing actions that are more complex. It -passes the mock function's arguments to the function or functor being -invoked such that the callee has the full context of the call to work -with. If the invoked function is not interested in some or all of the -arguments, it can simply ignore them. - -Yet, a common pattern is that a test author wants to invoke a function -without the arguments of the mock function. `Invoke()` allows her to -do that using a wrapper function that throws away the arguments before -invoking an underlining nullary function. Needless to say, this can be -tedious and obscures the intent of the test. - -`InvokeWithoutArgs()` solves this problem. It's like `Invoke()` except -that it doesn't pass the mock function's arguments to the -callee. Here's an example: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::InvokeWithoutArgs; - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - MOCK_METHOD1(ComplexJob, bool(int n)); -}; - -bool Job1() { ... } -... - - MockFoo foo; - EXPECT_CALL(foo, ComplexJob(_)) - .WillOnce(InvokeWithoutArgs(Job1)); - - foo.ComplexJob(10); // Invokes Job1(). -``` - -## Invoking an Argument of the Mock Function ## - -Sometimes a mock function will receive a function pointer or a functor -(in other words, a "callable") as an argument, e.g. - -``` -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - MOCK_METHOD2(DoThis, bool(int n, bool (*fp)(int))); -}; -``` - -and you may want to invoke this callable argument: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -... - MockFoo foo; - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(_, _)) - .WillOnce(...); - // Will execute (*fp)(5), where fp is the - // second argument DoThis() receives. -``` - -Arghh, you need to refer to a mock function argument but C++ has no -lambda (yet), so you have to define your own action. :-( Or do you -really? - -Well, Google Mock has an action to solve _exactly_ this problem: - -``` - InvokeArgument(arg_1, arg_2, ..., arg_m) -``` - -will invoke the `N`-th (0-based) argument the mock function receives, -with `arg_1`, `arg_2`, ..., and `arg_m`. No matter if the argument is -a function pointer or a functor, Google Mock handles them both. - -With that, you could write: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::InvokeArgument; -... - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(_, _)) - .WillOnce(InvokeArgument<1>(5)); - // Will execute (*fp)(5), where fp is the - // second argument DoThis() receives. -``` - -What if the callable takes an argument by reference? No problem - just -wrap it inside `ByRef()`: - -``` -... - MOCK_METHOD1(Bar, bool(bool (*fp)(int, const Helper&))); -... -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::ByRef; -using ::testing::InvokeArgument; -... - - MockFoo foo; - Helper helper; - ... - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(_)) - .WillOnce(InvokeArgument<0>(5, ByRef(helper))); - // ByRef(helper) guarantees that a reference to helper, not a copy of it, - // will be passed to the callable. -``` - -What if the callable takes an argument by reference and we do **not** -wrap the argument in `ByRef()`? Then `InvokeArgument()` will _make a -copy_ of the argument, and pass a _reference to the copy_, instead of -a reference to the original value, to the callable. This is especially -handy when the argument is a temporary value: - -``` -... - MOCK_METHOD1(DoThat, bool(bool (*f)(const double& x, const string& s))); -... -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::InvokeArgument; -... - - MockFoo foo; - ... - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThat(_)) - .WillOnce(InvokeArgument<0>(5.0, string("Hi"))); - // Will execute (*f)(5.0, string("Hi")), where f is the function pointer - // DoThat() receives. Note that the values 5.0 and string("Hi") are - // temporary and dead once the EXPECT_CALL() statement finishes. Yet - // it's fine to perform this action later, since a copy of the values - // are kept inside the InvokeArgument action. -``` - -## Ignoring an Action's Result ## - -Sometimes you have an action that returns _something_, but you need an -action that returns `void` (perhaps you want to use it in a mock -function that returns `void`, or perhaps it needs to be used in -`DoAll()` and it's not the last in the list). `IgnoreResult()` lets -you do that. For example: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::Invoke; -using ::testing::Return; - -int Process(const MyData& data); -string DoSomething(); - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - MOCK_METHOD1(Abc, void(const MyData& data)); - MOCK_METHOD0(Xyz, bool()); -}; -... - - MockFoo foo; - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Abc(_)) - // .WillOnce(Invoke(Process)); - // The above line won't compile as Process() returns int but Abc() needs - // to return void. - .WillOnce(IgnoreResult(Invoke(Process))); - - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Xyz()) - .WillOnce(DoAll(IgnoreResult(Invoke(DoSomething)), - // Ignores the string DoSomething() returns. - Return(true))); -``` - -Note that you **cannot** use `IgnoreResult()` on an action that already -returns `void`. Doing so will lead to ugly compiler errors. - -## Selecting an Action's Arguments ## - -Say you have a mock function `Foo()` that takes seven arguments, and -you have a custom action that you want to invoke when `Foo()` is -called. Trouble is, the custom action only wants three arguments: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::Invoke; -... - MOCK_METHOD7(Foo, bool(bool visible, const string& name, int x, int y, - const map, double>& weight, - double min_weight, double max_wight)); -... - -bool IsVisibleInQuadrant1(bool visible, int x, int y) { - return visible && x >= 0 && y >= 0; -} -... - - EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo(_, _, _, _, _, _, _)) - .WillOnce(Invoke(IsVisibleInQuadrant1)); // Uh, won't compile. :-( -``` - -To please the compiler God, you can to define an "adaptor" that has -the same signature as `Foo()` and calls the custom action with the -right arguments: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::Invoke; - -bool MyIsVisibleInQuadrant1(bool visible, const string& name, int x, int y, - const map, double>& weight, - double min_weight, double max_wight) { - return IsVisibleInQuadrant1(visible, x, y); -} -... - - EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo(_, _, _, _, _, _, _)) - .WillOnce(Invoke(MyIsVisibleInQuadrant1)); // Now it works. -``` - -But isn't this awkward? - -Google Mock provides a generic _action adaptor_, so you can spend your -time minding more important business than writing your own -adaptors. Here's the syntax: - -``` - WithArgs(action) -``` - -creates an action that passes the arguments of the mock function at -the given indices (0-based) to the inner `action` and performs -it. Using `WithArgs`, our original example can be written as: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::Invoke; -using ::testing::WithArgs; -... - EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo(_, _, _, _, _, _, _)) - .WillOnce(WithArgs<0, 2, 3>(Invoke(IsVisibleInQuadrant1))); - // No need to define your own adaptor. -``` - -For better readability, Google Mock also gives you: - - * `WithoutArgs(action)` when the inner `action` takes _no_ argument, and - * `WithArg(action)` (no `s` after `Arg`) when the inner `action` takes _one_ argument. - -As you may have realized, `InvokeWithoutArgs(...)` is just syntactic -sugar for `WithoutArgs(Invoke(...))`. - -Here are more tips: - - * The inner action used in `WithArgs` and friends does not have to be `Invoke()` -- it can be anything. - * You can repeat an argument in the argument list if necessary, e.g. `WithArgs<2, 3, 3, 5>(...)`. - * You can change the order of the arguments, e.g. `WithArgs<3, 2, 1>(...)`. - * The types of the selected arguments do _not_ have to match the signature of the inner action exactly. It works as long as they can be implicitly converted to the corresponding arguments of the inner action. For example, if the 4-th argument of the mock function is an `int` and `my_action` takes a `double`, `WithArg<4>(my_action)` will work. - -## Ignoring Arguments in Action Functions ## - -The selecting-an-action's-arguments recipe showed us one way to make a -mock function and an action with incompatible argument lists fit -together. The downside is that wrapping the action in -`WithArgs<...>()` can get tedious for people writing the tests. - -If you are defining a function, method, or functor to be used with -`Invoke*()`, and you are not interested in some of its arguments, an -alternative to `WithArgs` is to declare the uninteresting arguments as -`Unused`. This makes the definition less cluttered and less fragile in -case the types of the uninteresting arguments change. It could also -increase the chance the action function can be reused. For example, -given - -``` - MOCK_METHOD3(Foo, double(const string& label, double x, double y)); - MOCK_METHOD3(Bar, double(int index, double x, double y)); -``` - -instead of - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::Invoke; - -double DistanceToOriginWithLabel(const string& label, double x, double y) { - return sqrt(x*x + y*y); -} - -double DistanceToOriginWithIndex(int index, double x, double y) { - return sqrt(x*x + y*y); -} -... - - EXEPCT_CALL(mock, Foo("abc", _, _)) - .WillOnce(Invoke(DistanceToOriginWithLabel)); - EXEPCT_CALL(mock, Bar(5, _, _)) - .WillOnce(Invoke(DistanceToOriginWithIndex)); -``` - -you could write - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::Invoke; -using ::testing::Unused; - -double DistanceToOrigin(Unused, double x, double y) { - return sqrt(x*x + y*y); -} -... - - EXEPCT_CALL(mock, Foo("abc", _, _)) - .WillOnce(Invoke(DistanceToOrigin)); - EXEPCT_CALL(mock, Bar(5, _, _)) - .WillOnce(Invoke(DistanceToOrigin)); -``` - -## Sharing Actions ## - -Just like matchers, a Google Mock action object consists of a pointer -to a ref-counted implementation object. Therefore copying actions is -also allowed and very efficient. When the last action that references -the implementation object dies, the implementation object will be -deleted. - -If you have some complex action that you want to use again and again, -you may not have to build it from scratch everytime. If the action -doesn't have an internal state (i.e. if it always does the same thing -no matter how many times it has been called), you can assign it to an -action variable and use that variable repeatedly. For example: - -``` - Action set_flag = DoAll(SetArgPointee<0>(5), - Return(true)); - ... use set_flag in .WillOnce() and .WillRepeatedly() ... -``` - -However, if the action has its own state, you may be surprised if you -share the action object. Suppose you have an action factory -`IncrementCounter(init)` which creates an action that increments and -returns a counter whose initial value is `init`, using two actions -created from the same expression and using a shared action will -exihibit different behaviors. Example: - -``` - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis()) - .WillRepeatedly(IncrementCounter(0)); - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThat()) - .WillRepeatedly(IncrementCounter(0)); - foo.DoThis(); // Returns 1. - foo.DoThis(); // Returns 2. - foo.DoThat(); // Returns 1 - Blah() uses a different - // counter than Bar()'s. -``` - -versus - -``` - Action increment = IncrementCounter(0); - - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis()) - .WillRepeatedly(increment); - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThat()) - .WillRepeatedly(increment); - foo.DoThis(); // Returns 1. - foo.DoThis(); // Returns 2. - foo.DoThat(); // Returns 3 - the counter is shared. -``` - -# Misc Recipes on Using Google Mock # - -## Mocking Methods That Use Move-Only Types ## - -C++11 introduced move-only types. A move-only-typed value can be moved from one object to another, but cannot be copied. `std::unique_ptr` is probably the most commonly used move-only type. - -Mocking a method that takes and/or returns move-only types presents some challenges, but nothing insurmountable. This recipe shows you how you can do it. - -Let’s say we are working on a fictional project that lets one post and share snippets called “buzzes”. Your code uses these types: - -``` -enum class AccessLevel { kInternal, kPublic }; - -class Buzz { - public: - explicit Buzz(AccessLevel access) { … } - ... -}; - -class Buzzer { - public: - virtual ~Buzzer() {} - virtual std::unique_ptr MakeBuzz(const std::string& text) = 0; - virtual bool ShareBuzz(std::unique_ptr buzz, Time timestamp) = 0; - ... -}; -``` - -A `Buzz` object represents a snippet being posted. A class that implements the `Buzzer` interface is capable of creating and sharing `Buzz`. Methods in `Buzzer` may return a `unique_ptr` or take a `unique_ptr`. Now we need to mock `Buzzer` in our tests. - -To mock a method that returns a move-only type, you just use the familiar `MOCK_METHOD` syntax as usual: - -``` -class MockBuzzer : public Buzzer { - public: - MOCK_METHOD1(MakeBuzz, std::unique_ptr(const std::string& text)); - … -}; -``` - -However, if you attempt to use the same `MOCK_METHOD` pattern to mock a method that takes a move-only parameter, you’ll get a compiler error currently: - -``` - // Does NOT compile! - MOCK_METHOD2(ShareBuzz, bool(std::unique_ptr buzz, Time timestamp)); -``` - -While it’s highly desirable to make this syntax just work, it’s not trivial and the work hasn’t been done yet. Fortunately, there is a trick you can apply today to get something that works nearly as well as this. - -The trick, is to delegate the `ShareBuzz()` method to a mock method (let’s call it `DoShareBuzz()`) that does not take move-only parameters: - -``` -class MockBuzzer : public Buzzer { - public: - MOCK_METHOD1(MakeBuzz, std::unique_ptr(const std::string& text)); - MOCK_METHOD2(DoShareBuzz, bool(Buzz* buzz, Time timestamp)); - bool ShareBuzz(std::unique_ptr buzz, Time timestamp) { - return DoShareBuzz(buzz.get(), timestamp); - } -}; -``` - -Note that there's no need to define or declare `DoShareBuzz()` in a base class. You only need to define it as a `MOCK_METHOD` in the mock class. - -Now that we have the mock class defined, we can use it in tests. In the following code examples, we assume that we have defined a `MockBuzzer` object named `mock_buzzer_`: - -``` - MockBuzzer mock_buzzer_; -``` - -First let’s see how we can set expectations on the `MakeBuzz()` method, which returns a `unique_ptr`. - -As usual, if you set an expectation without an action (i.e. the `.WillOnce()` or `.WillRepeated()` clause), when that expectation fires, the default action for that method will be taken. Since `unique_ptr<>` has a default constructor that returns a null `unique_ptr`, that’s what you’ll get if you don’t specify an action: - -``` - // Use the default action. - EXPECT_CALL(mock_buzzer_, MakeBuzz("hello")); - - // Triggers the previous EXPECT_CALL. - EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, mock_buzzer_.MakeBuzz("hello")); -``` - -If you are not happy with the default action, you can tweak it. Depending on what you need, you may either tweak the default action for a specific (mock object, mock method) combination using `ON_CALL()`, or you may tweak the default action for all mock methods that return a specific type. The usage of `ON_CALL()` is similar to `EXPECT_CALL()`, so we’ll skip it and just explain how to do the latter (tweaking the default action for a specific return type). You do this via the `DefaultValue<>::SetFactory()` and `DefaultValue<>::Clear()` API: - -``` - // Sets the default action for return type std::unique_ptr to - // creating a new Buzz every time. - DefaultValue>::SetFactory( - [] { return MakeUnique(AccessLevel::kInternal); }); - - // When this fires, the default action of MakeBuzz() will run, which - // will return a new Buzz object. - EXPECT_CALL(mock_buzzer_, MakeBuzz("hello")).Times(AnyNumber()); - - auto buzz1 = mock_buzzer_.MakeBuzz("hello"); - auto buzz2 = mock_buzzer_.MakeBuzz("hello"); - EXPECT_NE(nullptr, buzz1); - EXPECT_NE(nullptr, buzz2); - EXPECT_NE(buzz1, buzz2); - - // Resets the default action for return type std::unique_ptr, - // to avoid interfere with other tests. - DefaultValue>::Clear(); -``` - -What if you want the method to do something other than the default action? If you just need to return a pre-defined move-only value, you can use the `Return(ByMove(...))` action: - -``` - // When this fires, the unique_ptr<> specified by ByMove(...) will - // be returned. - EXPECT_CALL(mock_buzzer_, MakeBuzz("world")) - .WillOnce(Return(ByMove(MakeUnique(AccessLevel::kInternal)))); - - EXPECT_NE(nullptr, mock_buzzer_.MakeBuzz("world")); -``` - -Note that `ByMove()` is essential here - if you drop it, the code won’t compile. - -Quiz time! What do you think will happen if a `Return(ByMove(...))` action is performed more than once (e.g. you write `….WillRepeatedly(Return(ByMove(...)));`)? Come think of it, after the first time the action runs, the source value will be consumed (since it’s a move-only value), so the next time around, there’s no value to move from -- you’ll get a run-time error that `Return(ByMove(...))` can only be run once. - -If you need your mock method to do more than just moving a pre-defined value, remember that you can always use `Invoke()` to call a lambda or a callable object, which can do pretty much anything you want: - -``` - EXPECT_CALL(mock_buzzer_, MakeBuzz("x")) - .WillRepeatedly(Invoke([](const std::string& text) { - return std::make_unique(AccessLevel::kInternal); - })); - - EXPECT_NE(nullptr, mock_buzzer_.MakeBuzz("x")); - EXPECT_NE(nullptr, mock_buzzer_.MakeBuzz("x")); -``` - -Every time this `EXPECT_CALL` fires, a new `unique_ptr` will be created and returned. You cannot do this with `Return(ByMove(...))`. - -Now there’s one topic we haven’t covered: how do you set expectations on `ShareBuzz()`, which takes a move-only-typed parameter? The answer is you don’t. Instead, you set expectations on the `DoShareBuzz()` mock method (remember that we defined a `MOCK_METHOD` for `DoShareBuzz()`, not `ShareBuzz()`): - -``` - EXPECT_CALL(mock_buzzer_, DoShareBuzz(NotNull(), _)); - - // When one calls ShareBuzz() on the MockBuzzer like this, the call is - // forwarded to DoShareBuzz(), which is mocked. Therefore this statement - // will trigger the above EXPECT_CALL. - mock_buzzer_.ShareBuzz(MakeUnique<Buzz>(AccessLevel::kInternal), - ::base::Now()); -``` - -Some of you may have spotted one problem with this approach: the `DoShareBuzz()` mock method differs from the real `ShareBuzz()` method in that it cannot take ownership of the buzz parameter - `ShareBuzz()` will always delete buzz after `DoShareBuzz()` returns. What if you need to save the buzz object somewhere for later use when `ShareBuzz()` is called? Indeed, you'd be stuck. - -Another problem with the `DoShareBuzz()` we had is that it can surprise people reading or maintaining the test, as one would expect that `DoShareBuzz()` has (logically) the same contract as `ShareBuzz()`. - -Fortunately, these problems can be fixed with a bit more code. Let's try to get it right this time: - -``` -class MockBuzzer : public Buzzer { - public: - MockBuzzer() { - // Since DoShareBuzz(buzz, time) is supposed to take ownership of - // buzz, define a default behavior for DoShareBuzz(buzz, time) to - // delete buzz. - ON_CALL(*this, DoShareBuzz(_, _)) - .WillByDefault(Invoke([](Buzz* buzz, Time timestamp) { - delete buzz; - return true; - })); - } - - MOCK_METHOD1(MakeBuzz, std::unique_ptr(const std::string& text)); - - // Takes ownership of buzz. - MOCK_METHOD2(DoShareBuzz, bool(Buzz* buzz, Time timestamp)); - bool ShareBuzz(std::unique_ptr buzz, Time timestamp) { - return DoShareBuzz(buzz.release(), timestamp); - } -}; -``` - -Now, the mock `DoShareBuzz()` method is free to save the buzz argument for later use if this is what you want: - -``` - std::unique_ptr intercepted_buzz; - EXPECT_CALL(mock_buzzer_, DoShareBuzz(NotNull(), _)) - .WillOnce(Invoke([&intercepted_buzz](Buzz* buzz, Time timestamp) { - // Save buzz in intercepted_buzz for analysis later. - intercepted_buzz.reset(buzz); - return false; - })); - - mock_buzzer_.ShareBuzz(std::make_unique(AccessLevel::kInternal), - Now()); - EXPECT_NE(nullptr, intercepted_buzz); -``` - -Using the tricks covered in this recipe, you are now able to mock methods that take and/or return move-only types. Put your newly-acquired power to good use - when you design a new API, you can now feel comfortable using `unique_ptrs` as appropriate, without fearing that doing so will compromise your tests. - -## Making the Compilation Faster ## - -Believe it or not, the _vast majority_ of the time spent on compiling -a mock class is in generating its constructor and destructor, as they -perform non-trivial tasks (e.g. verification of the -expectations). What's more, mock methods with different signatures -have different types and thus their constructors/destructors need to -be generated by the compiler separately. As a result, if you mock many -different types of methods, compiling your mock class can get really -slow. - -If you are experiencing slow compilation, you can move the definition -of your mock class' constructor and destructor out of the class body -and into a `.cpp` file. This way, even if you `#include` your mock -class in N files, the compiler only needs to generate its constructor -and destructor once, resulting in a much faster compilation. - -Let's illustrate the idea using an example. Here's the definition of a -mock class before applying this recipe: - -``` -// File mock_foo.h. -... -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - // Since we don't declare the constructor or the destructor, - // the compiler will generate them in every translation unit - // where this mock class is used. - - MOCK_METHOD0(DoThis, int()); - MOCK_METHOD1(DoThat, bool(const char* str)); - ... more mock methods ... -}; -``` - -After the change, it would look like: - -``` -// File mock_foo.h. -... -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - // The constructor and destructor are declared, but not defined, here. - MockFoo(); - virtual ~MockFoo(); - - MOCK_METHOD0(DoThis, int()); - MOCK_METHOD1(DoThat, bool(const char* str)); - ... more mock methods ... -}; -``` -and -``` -// File mock_foo.cpp. -#include "path/to/mock_foo.h" - -// The definitions may appear trivial, but the functions actually do a -// lot of things through the constructors/destructors of the member -// variables used to implement the mock methods. -MockFoo::MockFoo() {} -MockFoo::~MockFoo() {} -``` - -## Forcing a Verification ## - -When it's being destoyed, your friendly mock object will automatically -verify that all expectations on it have been satisfied, and will -generate [Google Test](../../googletest/) failures -if not. This is convenient as it leaves you with one less thing to -worry about. That is, unless you are not sure if your mock object will -be destoyed. - -How could it be that your mock object won't eventually be destroyed? -Well, it might be created on the heap and owned by the code you are -testing. Suppose there's a bug in that code and it doesn't delete the -mock object properly - you could end up with a passing test when -there's actually a bug. - -Using a heap checker is a good idea and can alleviate the concern, but -its implementation may not be 100% reliable. So, sometimes you do want -to _force_ Google Mock to verify a mock object before it is -(hopefully) destructed. You can do this with -`Mock::VerifyAndClearExpectations(&mock_object)`: - -``` -TEST(MyServerTest, ProcessesRequest) { - using ::testing::Mock; - - MockFoo* const foo = new MockFoo; - EXPECT_CALL(*foo, ...)...; - // ... other expectations ... - - // server now owns foo. - MyServer server(foo); - server.ProcessRequest(...); - - // In case that server's destructor will forget to delete foo, - // this will verify the expectations anyway. - Mock::VerifyAndClearExpectations(foo); -} // server is destroyed when it goes out of scope here. -``` - -**Tip:** The `Mock::VerifyAndClearExpectations()` function returns a -`bool` to indicate whether the verification was successful (`true` for -yes), so you can wrap that function call inside a `ASSERT_TRUE()` if -there is no point going further when the verification has failed. - -## Using Check Points ## - -Sometimes you may want to "reset" a mock object at various check -points in your test: at each check point, you verify that all existing -expectations on the mock object have been satisfied, and then you set -some new expectations on it as if it's newly created. This allows you -to work with a mock object in "phases" whose sizes are each -manageable. - -One such scenario is that in your test's `SetUp()` function, you may -want to put the object you are testing into a certain state, with the -help from a mock object. Once in the desired state, you want to clear -all expectations on the mock, such that in the `TEST_F` body you can -set fresh expectations on it. - -As you may have figured out, the `Mock::VerifyAndClearExpectations()` -function we saw in the previous recipe can help you here. Or, if you -are using `ON_CALL()` to set default actions on the mock object and -want to clear the default actions as well, use -`Mock::VerifyAndClear(&mock_object)` instead. This function does what -`Mock::VerifyAndClearExpectations(&mock_object)` does and returns the -same `bool`, **plus** it clears the `ON_CALL()` statements on -`mock_object` too. - -Another trick you can use to achieve the same effect is to put the -expectations in sequences and insert calls to a dummy "check-point" -function at specific places. Then you can verify that the mock -function calls do happen at the right time. For example, if you are -exercising code: - -``` -Foo(1); -Foo(2); -Foo(3); -``` - -and want to verify that `Foo(1)` and `Foo(3)` both invoke -`mock.Bar("a")`, but `Foo(2)` doesn't invoke anything. You can write: - -``` -using ::testing::MockFunction; - -TEST(FooTest, InvokesBarCorrectly) { - MyMock mock; - // Class MockFunction has exactly one mock method. It is named - // Call() and has type F. - MockFunction check; - { - InSequence s; - - EXPECT_CALL(mock, Bar("a")); - EXPECT_CALL(check, Call("1")); - EXPECT_CALL(check, Call("2")); - EXPECT_CALL(mock, Bar("a")); - } - Foo(1); - check.Call("1"); - Foo(2); - check.Call("2"); - Foo(3); -} -``` - -The expectation spec says that the first `Bar("a")` must happen before -check point "1", the second `Bar("a")` must happen after check point "2", -and nothing should happen between the two check points. The explicit -check points make it easy to tell which `Bar("a")` is called by which -call to `Foo()`. - -## Mocking Destructors ## - -Sometimes you want to make sure a mock object is destructed at the -right time, e.g. after `bar->A()` is called but before `bar->B()` is -called. We already know that you can specify constraints on the order -of mock function calls, so all we need to do is to mock the destructor -of the mock function. - -This sounds simple, except for one problem: a destructor is a special -function with special syntax and special semantics, and the -`MOCK_METHOD0` macro doesn't work for it: - -``` - MOCK_METHOD0(~MockFoo, void()); // Won't compile! -``` - -The good news is that you can use a simple pattern to achieve the same -effect. First, add a mock function `Die()` to your mock class and call -it in the destructor, like this: - -``` -class MockFoo : public Foo { - ... - // Add the following two lines to the mock class. - MOCK_METHOD0(Die, void()); - virtual ~MockFoo() { Die(); } -}; -``` - -(If the name `Die()` clashes with an existing symbol, choose another -name.) Now, we have translated the problem of testing when a `MockFoo` -object dies to testing when its `Die()` method is called: - -``` - MockFoo* foo = new MockFoo; - MockBar* bar = new MockBar; - ... - { - InSequence s; - - // Expects *foo to die after bar->A() and before bar->B(). - EXPECT_CALL(*bar, A()); - EXPECT_CALL(*foo, Die()); - EXPECT_CALL(*bar, B()); - } -``` - -And that's that. - -## Using Google Mock and Threads ## - -**IMPORTANT NOTE:** What we describe in this recipe is **ONLY** true on -platforms where Google Mock is thread-safe. Currently these are only -platforms that support the pthreads library (this includes Linux and Mac). -To make it thread-safe on other platforms we only need to implement -some synchronization operations in `"gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"`. - -In a **unit** test, it's best if you could isolate and test a piece of -code in a single-threaded context. That avoids race conditions and -dead locks, and makes debugging your test much easier. - -Yet many programs are multi-threaded, and sometimes to test something -we need to pound on it from more than one thread. Google Mock works -for this purpose too. - -Remember the steps for using a mock: - - 1. Create a mock object `foo`. - 1. Set its default actions and expectations using `ON_CALL()` and `EXPECT_CALL()`. - 1. The code under test calls methods of `foo`. - 1. Optionally, verify and reset the mock. - 1. Destroy the mock yourself, or let the code under test destroy it. The destructor will automatically verify it. - -If you follow the following simple rules, your mocks and threads can -live happily together: - - * Execute your _test code_ (as opposed to the code being tested) in _one_ thread. This makes your test easy to follow. - * Obviously, you can do step #1 without locking. - * When doing step #2 and #5, make sure no other thread is accessing `foo`. Obvious too, huh? - * #3 and #4 can be done either in one thread or in multiple threads - anyway you want. Google Mock takes care of the locking, so you don't have to do any - unless required by your test logic. - -If you violate the rules (for example, if you set expectations on a -mock while another thread is calling its methods), you get undefined -behavior. That's not fun, so don't do it. - -Google Mock guarantees that the action for a mock function is done in -the same thread that called the mock function. For example, in - -``` - EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo(1)) - .WillOnce(action1); - EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo(2)) - .WillOnce(action2); -``` - -if `Foo(1)` is called in thread 1 and `Foo(2)` is called in thread 2, -Google Mock will execute `action1` in thread 1 and `action2` in thread -2. - -Google Mock does _not_ impose a sequence on actions performed in -different threads (doing so may create deadlocks as the actions may -need to cooperate). This means that the execution of `action1` and -`action2` in the above example _may_ interleave. If this is a problem, -you should add proper synchronization logic to `action1` and `action2` -to make the test thread-safe. - - -Also, remember that `DefaultValue` is a global resource that -potentially affects _all_ living mock objects in your -program. Naturally, you won't want to mess with it from multiple -threads or when there still are mocks in action. - -## Controlling How Much Information Google Mock Prints ## - -When Google Mock sees something that has the potential of being an -error (e.g. a mock function with no expectation is called, a.k.a. an -uninteresting call, which is allowed but perhaps you forgot to -explicitly ban the call), it prints some warning messages, including -the arguments of the function and the return value. Hopefully this -will remind you to take a look and see if there is indeed a problem. - -Sometimes you are confident that your tests are correct and may not -appreciate such friendly messages. Some other times, you are debugging -your tests or learning about the behavior of the code you are testing, -and wish you could observe every mock call that happens (including -argument values and the return value). Clearly, one size doesn't fit -all. - -You can control how much Google Mock tells you using the -`--gmock_verbose=LEVEL` command-line flag, where `LEVEL` is a string -with three possible values: - - * `info`: Google Mock will print all informational messages, warnings, and errors (most verbose). At this setting, Google Mock will also log any calls to the `ON_CALL/EXPECT_CALL` macros. - * `warning`: Google Mock will print both warnings and errors (less verbose). This is the default. - * `error`: Google Mock will print errors only (least verbose). - -Alternatively, you can adjust the value of that flag from within your -tests like so: - -``` - ::testing::FLAGS_gmock_verbose = "error"; -``` - -Now, judiciously use the right flag to enable Google Mock serve you better! - -## Gaining Super Vision into Mock Calls ## - -You have a test using Google Mock. It fails: Google Mock tells you -that some expectations aren't satisfied. However, you aren't sure why: -Is there a typo somewhere in the matchers? Did you mess up the order -of the `EXPECT_CALL`s? Or is the code under test doing something -wrong? How can you find out the cause? - -Won't it be nice if you have X-ray vision and can actually see the -trace of all `EXPECT_CALL`s and mock method calls as they are made? -For each call, would you like to see its actual argument values and -which `EXPECT_CALL` Google Mock thinks it matches? - -You can unlock this power by running your test with the -`--gmock_verbose=info` flag. For example, given the test program: - -``` -using testing::_; -using testing::HasSubstr; -using testing::Return; - -class MockFoo { - public: - MOCK_METHOD2(F, void(const string& x, const string& y)); -}; - -TEST(Foo, Bar) { - MockFoo mock; - EXPECT_CALL(mock, F(_, _)).WillRepeatedly(Return()); - EXPECT_CALL(mock, F("a", "b")); - EXPECT_CALL(mock, F("c", HasSubstr("d"))); - - mock.F("a", "good"); - mock.F("a", "b"); -} -``` - -if you run it with `--gmock_verbose=info`, you will see this output: - -``` -[ RUN ] Foo.Bar - -foo_test.cc:14: EXPECT_CALL(mock, F(_, _)) invoked -foo_test.cc:15: EXPECT_CALL(mock, F("a", "b")) invoked -foo_test.cc:16: EXPECT_CALL(mock, F("c", HasSubstr("d"))) invoked -foo_test.cc:14: Mock function call matches EXPECT_CALL(mock, F(_, _))... - Function call: F(@0x7fff7c8dad40"a", @0x7fff7c8dad10"good") -foo_test.cc:15: Mock function call matches EXPECT_CALL(mock, F("a", "b"))... - Function call: F(@0x7fff7c8dada0"a", @0x7fff7c8dad70"b") -foo_test.cc:16: Failure -Actual function call count doesn't match EXPECT_CALL(mock, F("c", HasSubstr("d")))... - Expected: to be called once - Actual: never called - unsatisfied and active -[ FAILED ] Foo.Bar -``` - -Suppose the bug is that the `"c"` in the third `EXPECT_CALL` is a typo -and should actually be `"a"`. With the above message, you should see -that the actual `F("a", "good")` call is matched by the first -`EXPECT_CALL`, not the third as you thought. From that it should be -obvious that the third `EXPECT_CALL` is written wrong. Case solved. - -## Running Tests in Emacs ## - -If you build and run your tests in Emacs, the source file locations of -Google Mock and [Google Test](../../googletest/) -errors will be highlighted. Just press `` on one of them and -you'll be taken to the offending line. Or, you can just type `C-x `` -to jump to the next error. - -To make it even easier, you can add the following lines to your -`~/.emacs` file: - -``` -(global-set-key "\M-m" 'compile) ; m is for make -(global-set-key [M-down] 'next-error) -(global-set-key [M-up] '(lambda () (interactive) (next-error -1))) -``` - -Then you can type `M-m` to start a build, or `M-up`/`M-down` to move -back and forth between errors. - -## Fusing Google Mock Source Files ## - -Google Mock's implementation consists of dozens of files (excluding -its own tests). Sometimes you may want them to be packaged up in -fewer files instead, such that you can easily copy them to a new -machine and start hacking there. For this we provide an experimental -Python script `fuse_gmock_files.py` in the `scripts/` directory -(starting with release 1.2.0). Assuming you have Python 2.4 or above -installed on your machine, just go to that directory and run -``` -python fuse_gmock_files.py OUTPUT_DIR -``` - -and you should see an `OUTPUT_DIR` directory being created with files -`gtest/gtest.h`, `gmock/gmock.h`, and `gmock-gtest-all.cc` in it. -These three files contain everything you need to use Google Mock (and -Google Test). Just copy them to anywhere you want and you are ready -to write tests and use mocks. You can use the -[scrpts/test/Makefile](../scripts/test/Makefile) file as an example on how to compile your tests -against them. - -# Extending Google Mock # - -## Writing New Matchers Quickly ## - -The `MATCHER*` family of macros can be used to define custom matchers -easily. The syntax: - -``` -MATCHER(name, description_string_expression) { statements; } -``` - -will define a matcher with the given name that executes the -statements, which must return a `bool` to indicate if the match -succeeds. Inside the statements, you can refer to the value being -matched by `arg`, and refer to its type by `arg_type`. - -The description string is a `string`-typed expression that documents -what the matcher does, and is used to generate the failure message -when the match fails. It can (and should) reference the special -`bool` variable `negation`, and should evaluate to the description of -the matcher when `negation` is `false`, or that of the matcher's -negation when `negation` is `true`. - -For convenience, we allow the description string to be empty (`""`), -in which case Google Mock will use the sequence of words in the -matcher name as the description. - -For example: -``` -MATCHER(IsDivisibleBy7, "") { return (arg % 7) == 0; } -``` -allows you to write -``` - // Expects mock_foo.Bar(n) to be called where n is divisible by 7. - EXPECT_CALL(mock_foo, Bar(IsDivisibleBy7())); -``` -or, -``` -using ::testing::Not; -... - EXPECT_THAT(some_expression, IsDivisibleBy7()); - EXPECT_THAT(some_other_expression, Not(IsDivisibleBy7())); -``` -If the above assertions fail, they will print something like: -``` - Value of: some_expression - Expected: is divisible by 7 - Actual: 27 -... - Value of: some_other_expression - Expected: not (is divisible by 7) - Actual: 21 -``` -where the descriptions `"is divisible by 7"` and `"not (is divisible -by 7)"` are automatically calculated from the matcher name -`IsDivisibleBy7`. - -As you may have noticed, the auto-generated descriptions (especially -those for the negation) may not be so great. You can always override -them with a string expression of your own: -``` -MATCHER(IsDivisibleBy7, std::string(negation ? "isn't" : "is") + - " divisible by 7") { - return (arg % 7) == 0; -} -``` - -Optionally, you can stream additional information to a hidden argument -named `result_listener` to explain the match result. For example, a -better definition of `IsDivisibleBy7` is: -``` -MATCHER(IsDivisibleBy7, "") { - if ((arg % 7) == 0) - return true; - - *result_listener << "the remainder is " << (arg % 7); - return false; -} -``` - -With this definition, the above assertion will give a better message: -``` - Value of: some_expression - Expected: is divisible by 7 - Actual: 27 (the remainder is 6) -``` - -You should let `MatchAndExplain()` print _any additional information_ -that can help a user understand the match result. Note that it should -explain why the match succeeds in case of a success (unless it's -obvious) - this is useful when the matcher is used inside -`Not()`. There is no need to print the argument value itself, as -Google Mock already prints it for you. - -**Notes:** - - 1. The type of the value being matched (`arg_type`) is determined by the context in which you use the matcher and is supplied to you by the compiler, so you don't need to worry about declaring it (nor can you). This allows the matcher to be polymorphic. For example, `IsDivisibleBy7()` can be used to match any type where the value of `(arg % 7) == 0` can be implicitly converted to a `bool`. In the `Bar(IsDivisibleBy7())` example above, if method `Bar()` takes an `int`, `arg_type` will be `int`; if it takes an `unsigned long`, `arg_type` will be `unsigned long`; and so on. - 1. Google Mock doesn't guarantee when or how many times a matcher will be invoked. Therefore the matcher logic must be _purely functional_ (i.e. it cannot have any side effect, and the result must not depend on anything other than the value being matched and the matcher parameters). This requirement must be satisfied no matter how you define the matcher (e.g. using one of the methods described in the following recipes). In particular, a matcher can never call a mock function, as that will affect the state of the mock object and Google Mock. - -## Writing New Parameterized Matchers Quickly ## - -Sometimes you'll want to define a matcher that has parameters. For that you -can use the macro: -``` -MATCHER_P(name, param_name, description_string) { statements; } -``` -where the description string can be either `""` or a string expression -that references `negation` and `param_name`. - -For example: -``` -MATCHER_P(HasAbsoluteValue, value, "") { return abs(arg) == value; } -``` -will allow you to write: -``` - EXPECT_THAT(Blah("a"), HasAbsoluteValue(n)); -``` -which may lead to this message (assuming `n` is 10): -``` - Value of: Blah("a") - Expected: has absolute value 10 - Actual: -9 -``` - -Note that both the matcher description and its parameter are -printed, making the message human-friendly. - -In the matcher definition body, you can write `foo_type` to -reference the type of a parameter named `foo`. For example, in the -body of `MATCHER_P(HasAbsoluteValue, value)` above, you can write -`value_type` to refer to the type of `value`. - -Google Mock also provides `MATCHER_P2`, `MATCHER_P3`, ..., up to -`MATCHER_P10` to support multi-parameter matchers: -``` -MATCHER_Pk(name, param_1, ..., param_k, description_string) { statements; } -``` - -Please note that the custom description string is for a particular -**instance** of the matcher, where the parameters have been bound to -actual values. Therefore usually you'll want the parameter values to -be part of the description. Google Mock lets you do that by -referencing the matcher parameters in the description string -expression. - -For example, -``` - using ::testing::PrintToString; - MATCHER_P2(InClosedRange, low, hi, - std::string(negation ? "isn't" : "is") + " in range [" + - PrintToString(low) + ", " + PrintToString(hi) + "]") { - return low <= arg && arg <= hi; - } - ... - EXPECT_THAT(3, InClosedRange(4, 6)); -``` -would generate a failure that contains the message: -``` - Expected: is in range [4, 6] -``` - -If you specify `""` as the description, the failure message will -contain the sequence of words in the matcher name followed by the -parameter values printed as a tuple. For example, -``` - MATCHER_P2(InClosedRange, low, hi, "") { ... } - ... - EXPECT_THAT(3, InClosedRange(4, 6)); -``` -would generate a failure that contains the text: -``` - Expected: in closed range (4, 6) -``` - -For the purpose of typing, you can view -``` -MATCHER_Pk(Foo, p1, ..., pk, description_string) { ... } -``` -as shorthand for -``` -template -FooMatcherPk -Foo(p1_type p1, ..., pk_type pk) { ... } -``` - -When you write `Foo(v1, ..., vk)`, the compiler infers the types of -the parameters `v1`, ..., and `vk` for you. If you are not happy with -the result of the type inference, you can specify the types by -explicitly instantiating the template, as in `Foo(5, false)`. -As said earlier, you don't get to (or need to) specify -`arg_type` as that's determined by the context in which the matcher -is used. - -You can assign the result of expression `Foo(p1, ..., pk)` to a -variable of type `FooMatcherPk`. This can be -useful when composing matchers. Matchers that don't have a parameter -or have only one parameter have special types: you can assign `Foo()` -to a `FooMatcher`-typed variable, and assign `Foo(p)` to a -`FooMatcherP`-typed variable. - -While you can instantiate a matcher template with reference types, -passing the parameters by pointer usually makes your code more -readable. If, however, you still want to pass a parameter by -reference, be aware that in the failure message generated by the -matcher you will see the value of the referenced object but not its -address. - -You can overload matchers with different numbers of parameters: -``` -MATCHER_P(Blah, a, description_string_1) { ... } -MATCHER_P2(Blah, a, b, description_string_2) { ... } -``` - -While it's tempting to always use the `MATCHER*` macros when defining -a new matcher, you should also consider implementing -`MatcherInterface` or using `MakePolymorphicMatcher()` instead (see -the recipes that follow), especially if you need to use the matcher a -lot. While these approaches require more work, they give you more -control on the types of the value being matched and the matcher -parameters, which in general leads to better compiler error messages -that pay off in the long run. They also allow overloading matchers -based on parameter types (as opposed to just based on the number of -parameters). - -## Writing New Monomorphic Matchers ## - -A matcher of argument type `T` implements -`::testing::MatcherInterface` and does two things: it tests whether a -value of type `T` matches the matcher, and can describe what kind of -values it matches. The latter ability is used for generating readable -error messages when expectations are violated. - -The interface looks like this: - -``` -class MatchResultListener { - public: - ... - // Streams x to the underlying ostream; does nothing if the ostream - // is NULL. - template - MatchResultListener& operator<<(const T& x); - - // Returns the underlying ostream. - ::std::ostream* stream(); -}; - -template -class MatcherInterface { - public: - virtual ~MatcherInterface(); - - // Returns true iff the matcher matches x; also explains the match - // result to 'listener'. - virtual bool MatchAndExplain(T x, MatchResultListener* listener) const = 0; - - // Describes this matcher to an ostream. - virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const = 0; - - // Describes the negation of this matcher to an ostream. - virtual void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const; -}; -``` - -If you need a custom matcher but `Truly()` is not a good option (for -example, you may not be happy with the way `Truly(predicate)` -describes itself, or you may want your matcher to be polymorphic as -`Eq(value)` is), you can define a matcher to do whatever you want in -two steps: first implement the matcher interface, and then define a -factory function to create a matcher instance. The second step is not -strictly needed but it makes the syntax of using the matcher nicer. - -For example, you can define a matcher to test whether an `int` is -divisible by 7 and then use it like this: -``` -using ::testing::MakeMatcher; -using ::testing::Matcher; -using ::testing::MatcherInterface; -using ::testing::MatchResultListener; - -class DivisibleBy7Matcher : public MatcherInterface { - public: - virtual bool MatchAndExplain(int n, MatchResultListener* listener) const { - return (n % 7) == 0; - } - - virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const { - *os << "is divisible by 7"; - } - - virtual void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const { - *os << "is not divisible by 7"; - } -}; - -inline Matcher DivisibleBy7() { - return MakeMatcher(new DivisibleBy7Matcher); -} -... - - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(DivisibleBy7())); -``` - -You may improve the matcher message by streaming additional -information to the `listener` argument in `MatchAndExplain()`: - -``` -class DivisibleBy7Matcher : public MatcherInterface { - public: - virtual bool MatchAndExplain(int n, - MatchResultListener* listener) const { - const int remainder = n % 7; - if (remainder != 0) { - *listener << "the remainder is " << remainder; - } - return remainder == 0; - } - ... -}; -``` - -Then, `EXPECT_THAT(x, DivisibleBy7());` may general a message like this: -``` -Value of: x -Expected: is divisible by 7 - Actual: 23 (the remainder is 2) -``` - -## Writing New Polymorphic Matchers ## - -You've learned how to write your own matchers in the previous -recipe. Just one problem: a matcher created using `MakeMatcher()` only -works for one particular type of arguments. If you want a -_polymorphic_ matcher that works with arguments of several types (for -instance, `Eq(x)` can be used to match a `value` as long as `value` == -`x` compiles -- `value` and `x` don't have to share the same type), -you can learn the trick from `"gmock/gmock-matchers.h"` but it's a bit -involved. - -Fortunately, most of the time you can define a polymorphic matcher -easily with the help of `MakePolymorphicMatcher()`. Here's how you can -define `NotNull()` as an example: - -``` -using ::testing::MakePolymorphicMatcher; -using ::testing::MatchResultListener; -using ::testing::NotNull; -using ::testing::PolymorphicMatcher; - -class NotNullMatcher { - public: - // To implement a polymorphic matcher, first define a COPYABLE class - // that has three members MatchAndExplain(), DescribeTo(), and - // DescribeNegationTo(), like the following. - - // In this example, we want to use NotNull() with any pointer, so - // MatchAndExplain() accepts a pointer of any type as its first argument. - // In general, you can define MatchAndExplain() as an ordinary method or - // a method template, or even overload it. - template - bool MatchAndExplain(T* p, - MatchResultListener* /* listener */) const { - return p != NULL; - } - - // Describes the property of a value matching this matcher. - void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const { *os << "is not NULL"; } - - // Describes the property of a value NOT matching this matcher. - void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const { *os << "is NULL"; } -}; - -// To construct a polymorphic matcher, pass an instance of the class -// to MakePolymorphicMatcher(). Note the return type. -inline PolymorphicMatcher NotNull() { - return MakePolymorphicMatcher(NotNullMatcher()); -} -... - - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(NotNull())); // The argument must be a non-NULL pointer. -``` - -**Note:** Your polymorphic matcher class does **not** need to inherit from -`MatcherInterface` or any other class, and its methods do **not** need -to be virtual. - -Like in a monomorphic matcher, you may explain the match result by -streaming additional information to the `listener` argument in -`MatchAndExplain()`. - -## Writing New Cardinalities ## - -A cardinality is used in `Times()` to tell Google Mock how many times -you expect a call to occur. It doesn't have to be exact. For example, -you can say `AtLeast(5)` or `Between(2, 4)`. - -If the built-in set of cardinalities doesn't suit you, you are free to -define your own by implementing the following interface (in namespace -`testing`): - -``` -class CardinalityInterface { - public: - virtual ~CardinalityInterface(); - - // Returns true iff call_count calls will satisfy this cardinality. - virtual bool IsSatisfiedByCallCount(int call_count) const = 0; - - // Returns true iff call_count calls will saturate this cardinality. - virtual bool IsSaturatedByCallCount(int call_count) const = 0; - - // Describes self to an ostream. - virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const = 0; -}; -``` - -For example, to specify that a call must occur even number of times, -you can write - -``` -using ::testing::Cardinality; -using ::testing::CardinalityInterface; -using ::testing::MakeCardinality; - -class EvenNumberCardinality : public CardinalityInterface { - public: - virtual bool IsSatisfiedByCallCount(int call_count) const { - return (call_count % 2) == 0; - } - - virtual bool IsSaturatedByCallCount(int call_count) const { - return false; - } - - virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const { - *os << "called even number of times"; - } -}; - -Cardinality EvenNumber() { - return MakeCardinality(new EvenNumberCardinality); -} -... - - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(3)) - .Times(EvenNumber()); -``` - -## Writing New Actions Quickly ## - -If the built-in actions don't work for you, and you find it -inconvenient to use `Invoke()`, you can use a macro from the `ACTION*` -family to quickly define a new action that can be used in your code as -if it's a built-in action. - -By writing -``` -ACTION(name) { statements; } -``` -in a namespace scope (i.e. not inside a class or function), you will -define an action with the given name that executes the statements. -The value returned by `statements` will be used as the return value of -the action. Inside the statements, you can refer to the K-th -(0-based) argument of the mock function as `argK`. For example: -``` -ACTION(IncrementArg1) { return ++(*arg1); } -``` -allows you to write -``` -... WillOnce(IncrementArg1()); -``` - -Note that you don't need to specify the types of the mock function -arguments. Rest assured that your code is type-safe though: -you'll get a compiler error if `*arg1` doesn't support the `++` -operator, or if the type of `++(*arg1)` isn't compatible with the mock -function's return type. - -Another example: -``` -ACTION(Foo) { - (*arg2)(5); - Blah(); - *arg1 = 0; - return arg0; -} -``` -defines an action `Foo()` that invokes argument #2 (a function pointer) -with 5, calls function `Blah()`, sets the value pointed to by argument -#1 to 0, and returns argument #0. - -For more convenience and flexibility, you can also use the following -pre-defined symbols in the body of `ACTION`: - -| `argK_type` | The type of the K-th (0-based) argument of the mock function | -|:------------|:-------------------------------------------------------------| -| `args` | All arguments of the mock function as a tuple | -| `args_type` | The type of all arguments of the mock function as a tuple | -| `return_type` | The return type of the mock function | -| `function_type` | The type of the mock function | - -For example, when using an `ACTION` as a stub action for mock function: -``` -int DoSomething(bool flag, int* ptr); -``` -we have: -| **Pre-defined Symbol** | **Is Bound To** | -|:-----------------------|:----------------| -| `arg0` | the value of `flag` | -| `arg0_type` | the type `bool` | -| `arg1` | the value of `ptr` | -| `arg1_type` | the type `int*` | -| `args` | the tuple `(flag, ptr)` | -| `args_type` | the type `::testing::tuple` | -| `return_type` | the type `int` | -| `function_type` | the type `int(bool, int*)` | - -## Writing New Parameterized Actions Quickly ## - -Sometimes you'll want to parameterize an action you define. For that -we have another macro -``` -ACTION_P(name, param) { statements; } -``` - -For example, -``` -ACTION_P(Add, n) { return arg0 + n; } -``` -will allow you to write -``` -// Returns argument #0 + 5. -... WillOnce(Add(5)); -``` - -For convenience, we use the term _arguments_ for the values used to -invoke the mock function, and the term _parameters_ for the values -used to instantiate an action. - -Note that you don't need to provide the type of the parameter either. -Suppose the parameter is named `param`, you can also use the -Google-Mock-defined symbol `param_type` to refer to the type of the -parameter as inferred by the compiler. For example, in the body of -`ACTION_P(Add, n)` above, you can write `n_type` for the type of `n`. - -Google Mock also provides `ACTION_P2`, `ACTION_P3`, and etc to support -multi-parameter actions. For example, -``` -ACTION_P2(ReturnDistanceTo, x, y) { - double dx = arg0 - x; - double dy = arg1 - y; - return sqrt(dx*dx + dy*dy); -} -``` -lets you write -``` -... WillOnce(ReturnDistanceTo(5.0, 26.5)); -``` - -You can view `ACTION` as a degenerated parameterized action where the -number of parameters is 0. - -You can also easily define actions overloaded on the number of parameters: -``` -ACTION_P(Plus, a) { ... } -ACTION_P2(Plus, a, b) { ... } -``` - -## Restricting the Type of an Argument or Parameter in an ACTION ## - -For maximum brevity and reusability, the `ACTION*` macros don't ask -you to provide the types of the mock function arguments and the action -parameters. Instead, we let the compiler infer the types for us. - -Sometimes, however, we may want to be more explicit about the types. -There are several tricks to do that. For example: -``` -ACTION(Foo) { - // Makes sure arg0 can be converted to int. - int n = arg0; - ... use n instead of arg0 here ... -} - -ACTION_P(Bar, param) { - // Makes sure the type of arg1 is const char*. - ::testing::StaticAssertTypeEq(); - - // Makes sure param can be converted to bool. - bool flag = param; -} -``` -where `StaticAssertTypeEq` is a compile-time assertion in Google Test -that verifies two types are the same. - -## Writing New Action Templates Quickly ## - -Sometimes you want to give an action explicit template parameters that -cannot be inferred from its value parameters. `ACTION_TEMPLATE()` -supports that and can be viewed as an extension to `ACTION()` and -`ACTION_P*()`. - -The syntax: -``` -ACTION_TEMPLATE(ActionName, - HAS_m_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(kind1, name1, ..., kind_m, name_m), - AND_n_VALUE_PARAMS(p1, ..., p_n)) { statements; } -``` - -defines an action template that takes _m_ explicit template parameters -and _n_ value parameters, where _m_ is between 1 and 10, and _n_ is -between 0 and 10. `name_i` is the name of the i-th template -parameter, and `kind_i` specifies whether it's a `typename`, an -integral constant, or a template. `p_i` is the name of the i-th value -parameter. - -Example: -``` -// DuplicateArg(output) converts the k-th argument of the mock -// function to type T and copies it to *output. -ACTION_TEMPLATE(DuplicateArg, - // Note the comma between int and k: - HAS_2_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(int, k, typename, T), - AND_1_VALUE_PARAMS(output)) { - *output = T(::testing::get(args)); -} -``` - -To create an instance of an action template, write: -``` - ActionName(v1, ..., v_n) -``` -where the `t`s are the template arguments and the -`v`s are the value arguments. The value argument -types are inferred by the compiler. For example: -``` -using ::testing::_; -... - int n; - EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo(_, _)) - .WillOnce(DuplicateArg<1, unsigned char>(&n)); -``` - -If you want to explicitly specify the value argument types, you can -provide additional template arguments: -``` - ActionName(v1, ..., v_n) -``` -where `u_i` is the desired type of `v_i`. - -`ACTION_TEMPLATE` and `ACTION`/`ACTION_P*` can be overloaded on the -number of value parameters, but not on the number of template -parameters. Without the restriction, the meaning of the following is -unclear: - -``` - OverloadedAction(x); -``` - -Are we using a single-template-parameter action where `bool` refers to -the type of `x`, or a two-template-parameter action where the compiler -is asked to infer the type of `x`? - -## Using the ACTION Object's Type ## - -If you are writing a function that returns an `ACTION` object, you'll -need to know its type. The type depends on the macro used to define -the action and the parameter types. The rule is relatively simple: -| **Given Definition** | **Expression** | **Has Type** | -|:---------------------|:---------------|:-------------| -| `ACTION(Foo)` | `Foo()` | `FooAction` | -| `ACTION_TEMPLATE(Foo, HAS_m_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(...), AND_0_VALUE_PARAMS())` | `Foo()` | `FooAction` | -| `ACTION_P(Bar, param)` | `Bar(int_value)` | `BarActionP` | -| `ACTION_TEMPLATE(Bar, HAS_m_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(...), AND_1_VALUE_PARAMS(p1))` | `Bar(int_value)` | `FooActionP` | -| `ACTION_P2(Baz, p1, p2)` | `Baz(bool_value, int_value)` | `BazActionP2` | -| `ACTION_TEMPLATE(Baz, HAS_m_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(...), AND_2_VALUE_PARAMS(p1, p2))` | `Baz(bool_value, int_value)` | `FooActionP2` | -| ... | ... | ... | - -Note that we have to pick different suffixes (`Action`, `ActionP`, -`ActionP2`, and etc) for actions with different numbers of value -parameters, or the action definitions cannot be overloaded on the -number of them. - -## Writing New Monomorphic Actions ## - -While the `ACTION*` macros are very convenient, sometimes they are -inappropriate. For example, despite the tricks shown in the previous -recipes, they don't let you directly specify the types of the mock -function arguments and the action parameters, which in general leads -to unoptimized compiler error messages that can baffle unfamiliar -users. They also don't allow overloading actions based on parameter -types without jumping through some hoops. - -An alternative to the `ACTION*` macros is to implement -`::testing::ActionInterface`, where `F` is the type of the mock -function in which the action will be used. For example: - -``` -template class ActionInterface { - public: - virtual ~ActionInterface(); - - // Performs the action. Result is the return type of function type - // F, and ArgumentTuple is the tuple of arguments of F. - // - // For example, if F is int(bool, const string&), then Result would - // be int, and ArgumentTuple would be ::testing::tuple. - virtual Result Perform(const ArgumentTuple& args) = 0; -}; - -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::Action; -using ::testing::ActionInterface; -using ::testing::MakeAction; - -typedef int IncrementMethod(int*); - -class IncrementArgumentAction : public ActionInterface { - public: - virtual int Perform(const ::testing::tuple& args) { - int* p = ::testing::get<0>(args); // Grabs the first argument. - return *p++; - } -}; - -Action IncrementArgument() { - return MakeAction(new IncrementArgumentAction); -} -... - - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Baz(_)) - .WillOnce(IncrementArgument()); - - int n = 5; - foo.Baz(&n); // Should return 5 and change n to 6. -``` - -## Writing New Polymorphic Actions ## - -The previous recipe showed you how to define your own action. This is -all good, except that you need to know the type of the function in -which the action will be used. Sometimes that can be a problem. For -example, if you want to use the action in functions with _different_ -types (e.g. like `Return()` and `SetArgPointee()`). - -If an action can be used in several types of mock functions, we say -it's _polymorphic_. The `MakePolymorphicAction()` function template -makes it easy to define such an action: - -``` -namespace testing { - -template -PolymorphicAction MakePolymorphicAction(const Impl& impl); - -} // namespace testing -``` - -As an example, let's define an action that returns the second argument -in the mock function's argument list. The first step is to define an -implementation class: - -``` -class ReturnSecondArgumentAction { - public: - template - Result Perform(const ArgumentTuple& args) const { - // To get the i-th (0-based) argument, use ::testing::get(args). - return ::testing::get<1>(args); - } -}; -``` - -This implementation class does _not_ need to inherit from any -particular class. What matters is that it must have a `Perform()` -method template. This method template takes the mock function's -arguments as a tuple in a **single** argument, and returns the result of -the action. It can be either `const` or not, but must be invokable -with exactly one template argument, which is the result type. In other -words, you must be able to call `Perform(args)` where `R` is the -mock function's return type and `args` is its arguments in a tuple. - -Next, we use `MakePolymorphicAction()` to turn an instance of the -implementation class into the polymorphic action we need. It will be -convenient to have a wrapper for this: - -``` -using ::testing::MakePolymorphicAction; -using ::testing::PolymorphicAction; - -PolymorphicAction ReturnSecondArgument() { - return MakePolymorphicAction(ReturnSecondArgumentAction()); -} -``` - -Now, you can use this polymorphic action the same way you use the -built-in ones: - -``` -using ::testing::_; - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - MOCK_METHOD2(DoThis, int(bool flag, int n)); - MOCK_METHOD3(DoThat, string(int x, const char* str1, const char* str2)); -}; -... - - MockFoo foo; - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(_, _)) - .WillOnce(ReturnSecondArgument()); - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThat(_, _, _)) - .WillOnce(ReturnSecondArgument()); - ... - foo.DoThis(true, 5); // Will return 5. - foo.DoThat(1, "Hi", "Bye"); // Will return "Hi". -``` - -## Teaching Google Mock How to Print Your Values ## - -When an uninteresting or unexpected call occurs, Google Mock prints the -argument values and the stack trace to help you debug. Assertion -macros like `EXPECT_THAT` and `EXPECT_EQ` also print the values in -question when the assertion fails. Google Mock and Google Test do this using -Google Test's user-extensible value printer. - -This printer knows how to print built-in C++ types, native arrays, STL -containers, and any type that supports the `<<` operator. For other -types, it prints the raw bytes in the value and hopes that you the -user can figure it out. -[Google Test's advanced guide](../../googletest/docs/AdvancedGuide.md#teaching-google-test-how-to-print-your-values) -explains how to extend the printer to do a better job at -printing your particular type than to dump the bytes. diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/DesignDoc.md b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/DesignDoc.md deleted file mode 100644 index 3f515c3..0000000 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/DesignDoc.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,280 +0,0 @@ -This page discusses the design of new Google Mock features. - - - -# Macros for Defining Actions # - -## Problem ## - -Due to the lack of closures in C++, it currently requires some -non-trivial effort to define a custom action in Google Mock. For -example, suppose you want to "increment the value pointed to by the -second argument of the mock function and return it", you could write: - -``` -int IncrementArg1(Unused, int* p, Unused) { - return ++(*p); -} - -... WillOnce(Invoke(IncrementArg1)); -``` - -There are several things unsatisfactory about this approach: - - * Even though the action only cares about the second argument of the mock function, its definition needs to list other arguments as dummies. This is tedious. - * The defined action is usable only in mock functions that takes exactly 3 arguments - an unnecessary restriction. - * To use the action, one has to say `Invoke(IncrementArg1)`, which isn't as nice as `IncrementArg1()`. - -The latter two problems can be overcome using `MakePolymorphicAction()`, -but it requires much more boilerplate code: - -``` -class IncrementArg1Action { - public: - template - Result Perform(const ArgumentTuple& args) const { - return ++(*tr1::get<1>(args)); - } -}; - -PolymorphicAction IncrementArg1() { - return MakePolymorphicAction(IncrementArg1Action()); -} - -... WillOnce(IncrementArg1()); -``` - -Our goal is to allow defining custom actions with the least amount of -boiler-plate C++ requires. - -## Solution ## - -We propose to introduce a new macro: -``` -ACTION(name) { statements; } -``` - -Using this in a namespace scope will define an action with the given -name that executes the statements. Inside the statements, you can -refer to the K-th (0-based) argument of the mock function as `argK`. -For example: -``` -ACTION(IncrementArg1) { return ++(*arg1); } -``` -allows you to write -``` -... WillOnce(IncrementArg1()); -``` - -Note that you don't need to specify the types of the mock function -arguments, as brevity is a top design goal here. Rest assured that -your code is still type-safe though: you'll get a compiler error if -`*arg1` doesn't support the `++` operator, or if the type of -`++(*arg1)` isn't compatible with the mock function's return type. - -Another example: -``` -ACTION(Foo) { - (*arg2)(5); - Blah(); - *arg1 = 0; - return arg0; -} -``` -defines an action `Foo()` that invokes argument #2 (a function pointer) -with 5, calls function `Blah()`, sets the value pointed to by argument -#1 to 0, and returns argument #0. - -For more convenience and flexibility, you can also use the following -pre-defined symbols in the body of `ACTION`: - -| `argK_type` | The type of the K-th (0-based) argument of the mock function | -|:------------|:-------------------------------------------------------------| -| `args` | All arguments of the mock function as a tuple | -| `args_type` | The type of all arguments of the mock function as a tuple | -| `return_type` | The return type of the mock function | -| `function_type` | The type of the mock function | - -For example, when using an `ACTION` as a stub action for mock function: -``` -int DoSomething(bool flag, int* ptr); -``` -we have: -| **Pre-defined Symbol** | **Is Bound To** | -|:-----------------------|:----------------| -| `arg0` | the value of `flag` | -| `arg0_type` | the type `bool` | -| `arg1` | the value of `ptr` | -| `arg1_type` | the type `int*` | -| `args` | the tuple `(flag, ptr)` | -| `args_type` | the type `std::tr1::tuple` | -| `return_type` | the type `int` | -| `function_type` | the type `int(bool, int*)` | - -## Parameterized actions ## - -Sometimes you'll want to parameterize the action. For that we propose -another macro -``` -ACTION_P(name, param) { statements; } -``` - -For example, -``` -ACTION_P(Add, n) { return arg0 + n; } -``` -will allow you to write -``` -// Returns argument #0 + 5. -... WillOnce(Add(5)); -``` - -For convenience, we use the term _arguments_ for the values used to -invoke the mock function, and the term _parameters_ for the values -used to instantiate an action. - -Note that you don't need to provide the type of the parameter either. -Suppose the parameter is named `param`, you can also use the -Google-Mock-defined symbol `param_type` to refer to the type of the -parameter as inferred by the compiler. - -We will also provide `ACTION_P2`, `ACTION_P3`, and etc to support -multi-parameter actions. For example, -``` -ACTION_P2(ReturnDistanceTo, x, y) { - double dx = arg0 - x; - double dy = arg1 - y; - return sqrt(dx*dx + dy*dy); -} -``` -lets you write -``` -... WillOnce(ReturnDistanceTo(5.0, 26.5)); -``` - -You can view `ACTION` as a degenerated parameterized action where the -number of parameters is 0. - -## Advanced Usages ## - -### Overloading Actions ### - -You can easily define actions overloaded on the number of parameters: -``` -ACTION_P(Plus, a) { ... } -ACTION_P2(Plus, a, b) { ... } -``` - -### Restricting the Type of an Argument or Parameter ### - -For maximum brevity and reusability, the `ACTION*` macros don't let -you specify the types of the mock function arguments and the action -parameters. Instead, we let the compiler infer the types for us. - -Sometimes, however, we may want to be more explicit about the types. -There are several tricks to do that. For example: -``` -ACTION(Foo) { - // Makes sure arg0 can be converted to int. - int n = arg0; - ... use n instead of arg0 here ... -} - -ACTION_P(Bar, param) { - // Makes sure the type of arg1 is const char*. - ::testing::StaticAssertTypeEq(); - - // Makes sure param can be converted to bool. - bool flag = param; -} -``` -where `StaticAssertTypeEq` is a compile-time assertion we plan to add to -Google Test (the name is chosen to match `static_assert` in C++0x). - -### Using the ACTION Object's Type ### - -If you are writing a function that returns an `ACTION` object, you'll -need to know its type. The type depends on the macro used to define -the action and the parameter types. The rule is relatively simple: -| **Given Definition** | **Expression** | **Has Type** | -|:---------------------|:---------------|:-------------| -| `ACTION(Foo)` | `Foo()` | `FooAction` | -| `ACTION_P(Bar, param)` | `Bar(int_value)` | `BarActionP` | -| `ACTION_P2(Baz, p1, p2)` | `Baz(bool_value, int_value)` | `BazActionP2` | -| ... | ... | ... | - -Note that we have to pick different suffixes (`Action`, `ActionP`, -`ActionP2`, and etc) for actions with different numbers of parameters, -or the action definitions cannot be overloaded on the number of -parameters. - -## When to Use ## - -While the new macros are very convenient, please also consider other -means of implementing actions (e.g. via `ActionInterface` or -`MakePolymorphicAction()`), especially if you need to use the defined -action a lot. While the other approaches require more work, they give -you more control on the types of the mock function arguments and the -action parameters, which in general leads to better compiler error -messages that pay off in the long run. They also allow overloading -actions based on parameter types, as opposed to just the number of -parameters. - -## Related Work ## - -As you may have realized, the `ACTION*` macros resemble closures (also -known as lambda expressions or anonymous functions). Indeed, both of -them seek to lower the syntactic overhead for defining a function. - -C++0x will support lambdas, but they are not part of C++ right now. -Some non-standard libraries (most notably BLL or Boost Lambda Library) -try to alleviate this problem. However, they are not a good choice -for defining actions as: - - * They are non-standard and not widely installed. Google Mock only depends on standard libraries and `tr1::tuple`, which is part of the new C++ standard and comes with gcc 4+. We want to keep it that way. - * They are not trivial to learn. - * They will become obsolete when C++0x's lambda feature is widely supported. We don't want to make our users use a dying library. - * Since they are based on operators, they are rather ad hoc: you cannot use statements, and you cannot pass the lambda arguments to a function, for example. - * They have subtle semantics that easily confuses new users. For example, in expression `_1++ + foo++`, `foo` will be incremented only once where the expression is evaluated, while `_1` will be incremented every time the unnamed function is invoked. This is far from intuitive. - -`ACTION*` avoid all these problems. - -## Future Improvements ## - -There may be a need for composing `ACTION*` definitions (i.e. invoking -another `ACTION` inside the definition of one `ACTION*`). We are not -sure we want it yet, as one can get a similar effect by putting -`ACTION` definitions in function templates and composing the function -templates. We'll revisit this based on user feedback. - -The reason we don't allow `ACTION*()` inside a function body is that -the current C++ standard doesn't allow function-local types to be used -to instantiate templates. The upcoming C++0x standard will lift this -restriction. Once this feature is widely supported by compilers, we -can revisit the implementation and add support for using `ACTION*()` -inside a function. - -C++0x will also support lambda expressions. When they become -available, we may want to support using lambdas as actions. - -# Macros for Defining Matchers # - -Once the macros for defining actions are implemented, we plan to do -the same for matchers: - -``` -MATCHER(name) { statements; } -``` - -where you can refer to the value being matched as `arg`. For example, -given: - -``` -MATCHER(IsPositive) { return arg > 0; } -``` - -you can use `IsPositive()` as a matcher that matches a value iff it is -greater than 0. - -We will also add `MATCHER_P`, `MATCHER_P2`, and etc for parameterized -matchers. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/DevGuide.md b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/DevGuide.md deleted file mode 100644 index f4bab75..0000000 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/DevGuide.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,132 +0,0 @@ - - -If you are interested in understanding the internals of Google Mock, -building from source, or contributing ideas or modifications to the -project, then this document is for you. - -# Introduction # - -First, let's give you some background of the project. - -## Licensing ## - -All Google Mock source and pre-built packages are provided under the [New BSD License](http://www.opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.php). - -## The Google Mock Community ## - -The Google Mock community exists primarily through the [discussion group](http://groups.google.com/group/googlemock), the -[issue tracker](https://github.com/google/googletest/issues) and, to a lesser extent, the [source control repository](../). You are definitely encouraged to contribute to the -discussion and you can also help us to keep the effectiveness of the -group high by following and promoting the guidelines listed here. - -### Please Be Friendly ### - -Showing courtesy and respect to others is a vital part of the Google -culture, and we strongly encourage everyone participating in Google -Mock development to join us in accepting nothing less. Of course, -being courteous is not the same as failing to constructively disagree -with each other, but it does mean that we should be respectful of each -other when enumerating the 42 technical reasons that a particular -proposal may not be the best choice. There's never a reason to be -antagonistic or dismissive toward anyone who is sincerely trying to -contribute to a discussion. - -Sure, C++ testing is serious business and all that, but it's also -a lot of fun. Let's keep it that way. Let's strive to be one of the -friendliest communities in all of open source. - -### Where to Discuss Google Mock ### - -As always, discuss Google Mock in the official [Google C++ Mocking Framework discussion group](http://groups.google.com/group/googlemock). You don't have to actually submit -code in order to sign up. Your participation itself is a valuable -contribution. - -# Working with the Code # - -If you want to get your hands dirty with the code inside Google Mock, -this is the section for you. - -## Checking Out the Source from Subversion ## - -Checking out the Google Mock source is most useful if you plan to -tweak it yourself. You check out the source for Google Mock using a -[Subversion](http://subversion.tigris.org/) client as you would for any -other project hosted on Google Code. Please see the instruction on -the [source code access page](../) for how to do it. - -## Compiling from Source ## - -Once you check out the code, you can find instructions on how to -compile it in the [README](../README.md) file. - -## Testing ## - -A mocking framework is of no good if itself is not thoroughly tested. -Tests should be written for any new code, and changes should be -verified to not break existing tests before they are submitted for -review. To perform the tests, follow the instructions in [README](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/source/browse/trunk/README) and -verify that there are no failures. - -# Contributing Code # - -We are excited that Google Mock is now open source, and hope to get -great patches from the community. Before you fire up your favorite IDE -and begin hammering away at that new feature, though, please take the -time to read this section and understand the process. While it seems -rigorous, we want to keep a high standard of quality in the code -base. - -## Contributor License Agreements ## - -You must sign a Contributor License Agreement (CLA) before we can -accept any code. The CLA protects you and us. - - * If you are an individual writing original source code and you're sure you own the intellectual property, then you'll need to sign an [individual CLA](http://code.google.com/legal/individual-cla-v1.0.html). - * If you work for a company that wants to allow you to contribute your work to Google Mock, then you'll need to sign a [corporate CLA](http://code.google.com/legal/corporate-cla-v1.0.html). - -Follow either of the two links above to access the appropriate CLA and -instructions for how to sign and return it. - -## Coding Style ## - -To keep the source consistent, readable, diffable and easy to merge, -we use a fairly rigid coding style, as defined by the [google-styleguide](https://github.com/google/styleguide) project. All patches will be expected -to conform to the style outlined [here](https://github.com/google/styleguide/blob/gh-pages/cppguide.xml). - -## Submitting Patches ## - -Please do submit code. Here's what you need to do: - - 1. Normally you should make your change against the SVN trunk instead of a branch or a tag, as the latter two are for release control and should be treated mostly as read-only. - 1. Decide which code you want to submit. A submission should be a set of changes that addresses one issue in the [Google Mock issue tracker](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/issues/list). Please don't mix more than one logical change per submittal, because it makes the history hard to follow. If you want to make a change that doesn't have a corresponding issue in the issue tracker, please create one. - 1. Also, coordinate with team members that are listed on the issue in question. This ensures that work isn't being duplicated and communicating your plan early also generally leads to better patches. - 1. Ensure that your code adheres to the [Google Mock source code style](#Coding_Style.md). - 1. Ensure that there are unit tests for your code. - 1. Sign a Contributor License Agreement. - 1. Create a patch file using `svn diff`. - 1. We use [Rietveld](http://codereview.appspot.com/) to do web-based code reviews. You can read about the tool [here](https://github.com/rietveld-codereview/rietveld/wiki). When you are ready, upload your patch via Rietveld and notify `googlemock@googlegroups.com` to review it. There are several ways to upload the patch. We recommend using the [upload\_gmock.py](../scripts/upload_gmock.py) script, which you can find in the `scripts/` folder in the SVN trunk. - -## Google Mock Committers ## - -The current members of the Google Mock engineering team are the only -committers at present. In the great tradition of eating one's own -dogfood, we will be requiring each new Google Mock engineering team -member to earn the right to become a committer by following the -procedures in this document, writing consistently great code, and -demonstrating repeatedly that he or she truly gets the zen of Google -Mock. - -# Release Process # - -We follow the typical release process for Subversion-based projects: - - 1. A release branch named `release-X.Y` is created. - 1. Bugs are fixed and features are added in trunk; those individual patches are merged into the release branch until it's stable. - 1. An individual point release (the `Z` in `X.Y.Z`) is made by creating a tag from the branch. - 1. Repeat steps 2 and 3 throughout one release cycle (as determined by features or time). - 1. Go back to step 1 to create another release branch and so on. - - ---- - -This page is based on the [Making GWT Better](http://code.google.com/webtoolkit/makinggwtbetter.html) guide from the [Google Web Toolkit](http://code.google.com/webtoolkit/) project. Except as otherwise [noted](http://code.google.com/policies.html#restrictions), the content of this page is licensed under the [Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 License](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/). diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/Documentation.md b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/Documentation.md deleted file mode 100644 index 444151e..0000000 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/Documentation.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -This page lists all documentation wiki pages for Google Mock **(the SVN trunk version)** -- **if you use a released version of Google Mock, please read the documentation for that specific version instead.** - - * [ForDummies](ForDummies.md) -- start here if you are new to Google Mock. - * [CheatSheet](CheatSheet.md) -- a quick reference. - * [CookBook](CookBook.md) -- recipes for doing various tasks using Google Mock. - * [FrequentlyAskedQuestions](FrequentlyAskedQuestions.md) -- check here before asking a question on the mailing list. - -To contribute code to Google Mock, read: - - * [DevGuide](DevGuide.md) -- read this _before_ writing your first patch. - * [Pump Manual](../googletest/docs/PumpManual.md) -- how we generate some of Google Mock's source files. diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/ForDummies.md b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/ForDummies.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0da4cbe..0000000 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/ForDummies.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,439 +0,0 @@ - - -(**Note:** If you get compiler errors that you don't understand, be sure to consult [Google Mock Doctor](FrequentlyAskedQuestions.md#how-am-i-supposed-to-make-sense-of-these-horrible-template-errors).) - -# What Is Google C++ Mocking Framework? # -When you write a prototype or test, often it's not feasible or wise to rely on real objects entirely. A **mock object** implements the same interface as a real object (so it can be used as one), but lets you specify at run time how it will be used and what it should do (which methods will be called? in which order? how many times? with what arguments? what will they return? etc). - -**Note:** It is easy to confuse the term _fake objects_ with mock objects. Fakes and mocks actually mean very different things in the Test-Driven Development (TDD) community: - - * **Fake** objects have working implementations, but usually take some shortcut (perhaps to make the operations less expensive), which makes them not suitable for production. An in-memory file system would be an example of a fake. - * **Mocks** are objects pre-programmed with _expectations_, which form a specification of the calls they are expected to receive. - -If all this seems too abstract for you, don't worry - the most important thing to remember is that a mock allows you to check the _interaction_ between itself and code that uses it. The difference between fakes and mocks will become much clearer once you start to use mocks. - -**Google C++ Mocking Framework** (or **Google Mock** for short) is a library (sometimes we also call it a "framework" to make it sound cool) for creating mock classes and using them. It does to C++ what [jMock](http://www.jmock.org/) and [EasyMock](http://www.easymock.org/) do to Java. - -Using Google Mock involves three basic steps: - - 1. Use some simple macros to describe the interface you want to mock, and they will expand to the implementation of your mock class; - 1. Create some mock objects and specify its expectations and behavior using an intuitive syntax; - 1. Exercise code that uses the mock objects. Google Mock will catch any violation of the expectations as soon as it arises. - -# Why Google Mock? # -While mock objects help you remove unnecessary dependencies in tests and make them fast and reliable, using mocks manually in C++ is _hard_: - - * Someone has to implement the mocks. The job is usually tedious and error-prone. No wonder people go great distance to avoid it. - * The quality of those manually written mocks is a bit, uh, unpredictable. You may see some really polished ones, but you may also see some that were hacked up in a hurry and have all sorts of ad hoc restrictions. - * The knowledge you gained from using one mock doesn't transfer to the next. - -In contrast, Java and Python programmers have some fine mock frameworks, which automate the creation of mocks. As a result, mocking is a proven effective technique and widely adopted practice in those communities. Having the right tool absolutely makes the difference. - -Google Mock was built to help C++ programmers. It was inspired by [jMock](http://www.jmock.org/) and [EasyMock](http://www.easymock.org/), but designed with C++'s specifics in mind. It is your friend if any of the following problems is bothering you: - - * You are stuck with a sub-optimal design and wish you had done more prototyping before it was too late, but prototyping in C++ is by no means "rapid". - * Your tests are slow as they depend on too many libraries or use expensive resources (e.g. a database). - * Your tests are brittle as some resources they use are unreliable (e.g. the network). - * You want to test how your code handles a failure (e.g. a file checksum error), but it's not easy to cause one. - * You need to make sure that your module interacts with other modules in the right way, but it's hard to observe the interaction; therefore you resort to observing the side effects at the end of the action, which is awkward at best. - * You want to "mock out" your dependencies, except that they don't have mock implementations yet; and, frankly, you aren't thrilled by some of those hand-written mocks. - -We encourage you to use Google Mock as: - - * a _design_ tool, for it lets you experiment with your interface design early and often. More iterations lead to better designs! - * a _testing_ tool to cut your tests' outbound dependencies and probe the interaction between your module and its collaborators. - -# Getting Started # -Using Google Mock is easy! Inside your C++ source file, just `#include` `"gtest/gtest.h"` and `"gmock/gmock.h"`, and you are ready to go. - -# A Case for Mock Turtles # -Let's look at an example. Suppose you are developing a graphics program that relies on a LOGO-like API for drawing. How would you test that it does the right thing? Well, you can run it and compare the screen with a golden screen snapshot, but let's admit it: tests like this are expensive to run and fragile (What if you just upgraded to a shiny new graphics card that has better anti-aliasing? Suddenly you have to update all your golden images.). It would be too painful if all your tests are like this. Fortunately, you learned about Dependency Injection and know the right thing to do: instead of having your application talk to the drawing API directly, wrap the API in an interface (say, `Turtle`) and code to that interface: - -``` -class Turtle { - ... - virtual ~Turtle() {} - virtual void PenUp() = 0; - virtual void PenDown() = 0; - virtual void Forward(int distance) = 0; - virtual void Turn(int degrees) = 0; - virtual void GoTo(int x, int y) = 0; - virtual int GetX() const = 0; - virtual int GetY() const = 0; -}; -``` - -(Note that the destructor of `Turtle` **must** be virtual, as is the case for **all** classes you intend to inherit from - otherwise the destructor of the derived class will not be called when you delete an object through a base pointer, and you'll get corrupted program states like memory leaks.) - -You can control whether the turtle's movement will leave a trace using `PenUp()` and `PenDown()`, and control its movement using `Forward()`, `Turn()`, and `GoTo()`. Finally, `GetX()` and `GetY()` tell you the current position of the turtle. - -Your program will normally use a real implementation of this interface. In tests, you can use a mock implementation instead. This allows you to easily check what drawing primitives your program is calling, with what arguments, and in which order. Tests written this way are much more robust (they won't break because your new machine does anti-aliasing differently), easier to read and maintain (the intent of a test is expressed in the code, not in some binary images), and run _much, much faster_. - -# Writing the Mock Class # -If you are lucky, the mocks you need to use have already been implemented by some nice people. If, however, you find yourself in the position to write a mock class, relax - Google Mock turns this task into a fun game! (Well, almost.) - -## How to Define It ## -Using the `Turtle` interface as example, here are the simple steps you need to follow: - - 1. Derive a class `MockTurtle` from `Turtle`. - 1. Take a _virtual_ function of `Turtle` (while it's possible to [mock non-virtual methods using templates](CookBook.md#mocking-nonvirtual-methods), it's much more involved). Count how many arguments it has. - 1. In the `public:` section of the child class, write `MOCK_METHODn();` (or `MOCK_CONST_METHODn();` if you are mocking a `const` method), where `n` is the number of the arguments; if you counted wrong, shame on you, and a compiler error will tell you so. - 1. Now comes the fun part: you take the function signature, cut-and-paste the _function name_ as the _first_ argument to the macro, and leave what's left as the _second_ argument (in case you're curious, this is the _type of the function_). - 1. Repeat until all virtual functions you want to mock are done. - -After the process, you should have something like: - -``` -#include "gmock/gmock.h" // Brings in Google Mock. -class MockTurtle : public Turtle { - public: - ... - MOCK_METHOD0(PenUp, void()); - MOCK_METHOD0(PenDown, void()); - MOCK_METHOD1(Forward, void(int distance)); - MOCK_METHOD1(Turn, void(int degrees)); - MOCK_METHOD2(GoTo, void(int x, int y)); - MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(GetX, int()); - MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(GetY, int()); -}; -``` - -You don't need to define these mock methods somewhere else - the `MOCK_METHOD*` macros will generate the definitions for you. It's that simple! Once you get the hang of it, you can pump out mock classes faster than your source-control system can handle your check-ins. - -**Tip:** If even this is too much work for you, you'll find the -`gmock_gen.py` tool in Google Mock's `scripts/generator/` directory (courtesy of the [cppclean](http://code.google.com/p/cppclean/) project) useful. This command-line -tool requires that you have Python 2.4 installed. You give it a C++ file and the name of an abstract class defined in it, -and it will print the definition of the mock class for you. Due to the -complexity of the C++ language, this script may not always work, but -it can be quite handy when it does. For more details, read the [user documentation](../scripts/generator/README). - -## Where to Put It ## -When you define a mock class, you need to decide where to put its definition. Some people put it in a `*_test.cc`. This is fine when the interface being mocked (say, `Foo`) is owned by the same person or team. Otherwise, when the owner of `Foo` changes it, your test could break. (You can't really expect `Foo`'s maintainer to fix every test that uses `Foo`, can you?) - -So, the rule of thumb is: if you need to mock `Foo` and it's owned by others, define the mock class in `Foo`'s package (better, in a `testing` sub-package such that you can clearly separate production code and testing utilities), and put it in a `mock_foo.h`. Then everyone can reference `mock_foo.h` from their tests. If `Foo` ever changes, there is only one copy of `MockFoo` to change, and only tests that depend on the changed methods need to be fixed. - -Another way to do it: you can introduce a thin layer `FooAdaptor` on top of `Foo` and code to this new interface. Since you own `FooAdaptor`, you can absorb changes in `Foo` much more easily. While this is more work initially, carefully choosing the adaptor interface can make your code easier to write and more readable (a net win in the long run), as you can choose `FooAdaptor` to fit your specific domain much better than `Foo` does. - -# Using Mocks in Tests # -Once you have a mock class, using it is easy. The typical work flow is: - - 1. Import the Google Mock names from the `testing` namespace such that you can use them unqualified (You only have to do it once per file. Remember that namespaces are a good idea and good for your health.). - 1. Create some mock objects. - 1. Specify your expectations on them (How many times will a method be called? With what arguments? What should it do? etc.). - 1. Exercise some code that uses the mocks; optionally, check the result using Google Test assertions. If a mock method is called more than expected or with wrong arguments, you'll get an error immediately. - 1. When a mock is destructed, Google Mock will automatically check whether all expectations on it have been satisfied. - -Here's an example: - -``` -#include "path/to/mock-turtle.h" -#include "gmock/gmock.h" -#include "gtest/gtest.h" -using ::testing::AtLeast; // #1 - -TEST(PainterTest, CanDrawSomething) { - MockTurtle turtle; // #2 - EXPECT_CALL(turtle, PenDown()) // #3 - .Times(AtLeast(1)); - - Painter painter(&turtle); // #4 - - EXPECT_TRUE(painter.DrawCircle(0, 0, 10)); -} // #5 - -int main(int argc, char** argv) { - // The following line must be executed to initialize Google Mock - // (and Google Test) before running the tests. - ::testing::InitGoogleMock(&argc, argv); - return RUN_ALL_TESTS(); -} -``` - -As you might have guessed, this test checks that `PenDown()` is called at least once. If the `painter` object didn't call this method, your test will fail with a message like this: - -``` -path/to/my_test.cc:119: Failure -Actual function call count doesn't match this expectation: -Actually: never called; -Expected: called at least once. -``` - -**Tip 1:** If you run the test from an Emacs buffer, you can hit `` on the line number displayed in the error message to jump right to the failed expectation. - -**Tip 2:** If your mock objects are never deleted, the final verification won't happen. Therefore it's a good idea to use a heap leak checker in your tests when you allocate mocks on the heap. - -**Important note:** Google Mock requires expectations to be set **before** the mock functions are called, otherwise the behavior is **undefined**. In particular, you mustn't interleave `EXPECT_CALL()`s and calls to the mock functions. - -This means `EXPECT_CALL()` should be read as expecting that a call will occur _in the future_, not that a call has occurred. Why does Google Mock work like that? Well, specifying the expectation beforehand allows Google Mock to report a violation as soon as it arises, when the context (stack trace, etc) is still available. This makes debugging much easier. - -Admittedly, this test is contrived and doesn't do much. You can easily achieve the same effect without using Google Mock. However, as we shall reveal soon, Google Mock allows you to do _much more_ with the mocks. - -## Using Google Mock with Any Testing Framework ## -If you want to use something other than Google Test (e.g. [CppUnit](http://sourceforge.net/projects/cppunit/) or -[CxxTest](http://cxxtest.tigris.org/)) as your testing framework, just change the `main()` function in the previous section to: -``` -int main(int argc, char** argv) { - // The following line causes Google Mock to throw an exception on failure, - // which will be interpreted by your testing framework as a test failure. - ::testing::GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure) = true; - ::testing::InitGoogleMock(&argc, argv); - ... whatever your testing framework requires ... -} -``` - -This approach has a catch: it makes Google Mock throw an exception -from a mock object's destructor sometimes. With some compilers, this -sometimes causes the test program to crash. You'll still be able to -notice that the test has failed, but it's not a graceful failure. - -A better solution is to use Google Test's -[event listener API](../../googletest/docs/AdvancedGuide.md#extending-google-test-by-handling-test-events) -to report a test failure to your testing framework properly. You'll need to -implement the `OnTestPartResult()` method of the event listener interface, but it -should be straightforward. - -If this turns out to be too much work, we suggest that you stick with -Google Test, which works with Google Mock seamlessly (in fact, it is -technically part of Google Mock.). If there is a reason that you -cannot use Google Test, please let us know. - -# Setting Expectations # -The key to using a mock object successfully is to set the _right expectations_ on it. If you set the expectations too strict, your test will fail as the result of unrelated changes. If you set them too loose, bugs can slip through. You want to do it just right such that your test can catch exactly the kind of bugs you intend it to catch. Google Mock provides the necessary means for you to do it "just right." - -## General Syntax ## -In Google Mock we use the `EXPECT_CALL()` macro to set an expectation on a mock method. The general syntax is: - -``` -EXPECT_CALL(mock_object, method(matchers)) - .Times(cardinality) - .WillOnce(action) - .WillRepeatedly(action); -``` - -The macro has two arguments: first the mock object, and then the method and its arguments. Note that the two are separated by a comma (`,`), not a period (`.`). (Why using a comma? The answer is that it was necessary for technical reasons.) - -The macro can be followed by some optional _clauses_ that provide more information about the expectation. We'll discuss how each clause works in the coming sections. - -This syntax is designed to make an expectation read like English. For example, you can probably guess that - -``` -using ::testing::Return;... -EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GetX()) - .Times(5) - .WillOnce(Return(100)) - .WillOnce(Return(150)) - .WillRepeatedly(Return(200)); -``` - -says that the `turtle` object's `GetX()` method will be called five times, it will return 100 the first time, 150 the second time, and then 200 every time. Some people like to call this style of syntax a Domain-Specific Language (DSL). - -**Note:** Why do we use a macro to do this? It serves two purposes: first it makes expectations easily identifiable (either by `grep` or by a human reader), and second it allows Google Mock to include the source file location of a failed expectation in messages, making debugging easier. - -## Matchers: What Arguments Do We Expect? ## -When a mock function takes arguments, we must specify what arguments we are expecting; for example: - -``` -// Expects the turtle to move forward by 100 units. -EXPECT_CALL(turtle, Forward(100)); -``` - -Sometimes you may not want to be too specific (Remember that talk about tests being too rigid? Over specification leads to brittle tests and obscures the intent of tests. Therefore we encourage you to specify only what's necessary - no more, no less.). If you care to check that `Forward()` will be called but aren't interested in its actual argument, write `_` as the argument, which means "anything goes": - -``` -using ::testing::_; -... -// Expects the turtle to move forward. -EXPECT_CALL(turtle, Forward(_)); -``` - -`_` is an instance of what we call **matchers**. A matcher is like a predicate and can test whether an argument is what we'd expect. You can use a matcher inside `EXPECT_CALL()` wherever a function argument is expected. - -A list of built-in matchers can be found in the [CheatSheet](CheatSheet.md). For example, here's the `Ge` (greater than or equal) matcher: - -``` -using ::testing::Ge;... -EXPECT_CALL(turtle, Forward(Ge(100))); -``` - -This checks that the turtle will be told to go forward by at least 100 units. - -## Cardinalities: How Many Times Will It Be Called? ## -The first clause we can specify following an `EXPECT_CALL()` is `Times()`. We call its argument a **cardinality** as it tells _how many times_ the call should occur. It allows us to repeat an expectation many times without actually writing it as many times. More importantly, a cardinality can be "fuzzy", just like a matcher can be. This allows a user to express the intent of a test exactly. - -An interesting special case is when we say `Times(0)`. You may have guessed - it means that the function shouldn't be called with the given arguments at all, and Google Mock will report a Google Test failure whenever the function is (wrongfully) called. - -We've seen `AtLeast(n)` as an example of fuzzy cardinalities earlier. For the list of built-in cardinalities you can use, see the [CheatSheet](CheatSheet.md). - -The `Times()` clause can be omitted. **If you omit `Times()`, Google Mock will infer the cardinality for you.** The rules are easy to remember: - - * If **neither** `WillOnce()` **nor** `WillRepeatedly()` is in the `EXPECT_CALL()`, the inferred cardinality is `Times(1)`. - * If there are `n WillOnce()`'s but **no** `WillRepeatedly()`, where `n` >= 1, the cardinality is `Times(n)`. - * If there are `n WillOnce()`'s and **one** `WillRepeatedly()`, where `n` >= 0, the cardinality is `Times(AtLeast(n))`. - -**Quick quiz:** what do you think will happen if a function is expected to be called twice but actually called four times? - -## Actions: What Should It Do? ## -Remember that a mock object doesn't really have a working implementation? We as users have to tell it what to do when a method is invoked. This is easy in Google Mock. - -First, if the return type of a mock function is a built-in type or a pointer, the function has a **default action** (a `void` function will just return, a `bool` function will return `false`, and other functions will return 0). In addition, in C++ 11 and above, a mock function whose return type is default-constructible (i.e. has a default constructor) has a default action of returning a default-constructed value. If you don't say anything, this behavior will be used. - -Second, if a mock function doesn't have a default action, or the default action doesn't suit you, you can specify the action to be taken each time the expectation matches using a series of `WillOnce()` clauses followed by an optional `WillRepeatedly()`. For example, - -``` -using ::testing::Return;... -EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GetX()) - .WillOnce(Return(100)) - .WillOnce(Return(200)) - .WillOnce(Return(300)); -``` - -This says that `turtle.GetX()` will be called _exactly three times_ (Google Mock inferred this from how many `WillOnce()` clauses we've written, since we didn't explicitly write `Times()`), and will return 100, 200, and 300 respectively. - -``` -using ::testing::Return;... -EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GetY()) - .WillOnce(Return(100)) - .WillOnce(Return(200)) - .WillRepeatedly(Return(300)); -``` - -says that `turtle.GetY()` will be called _at least twice_ (Google Mock knows this as we've written two `WillOnce()` clauses and a `WillRepeatedly()` while having no explicit `Times()`), will return 100 the first time, 200 the second time, and 300 from the third time on. - -Of course, if you explicitly write a `Times()`, Google Mock will not try to infer the cardinality itself. What if the number you specified is larger than there are `WillOnce()` clauses? Well, after all `WillOnce()`s are used up, Google Mock will do the _default_ action for the function every time (unless, of course, you have a `WillRepeatedly()`.). - -What can we do inside `WillOnce()` besides `Return()`? You can return a reference using `ReturnRef(variable)`, or invoke a pre-defined function, among [others](CheatSheet.md#actions). - -**Important note:** The `EXPECT_CALL()` statement evaluates the action clause only once, even though the action may be performed many times. Therefore you must be careful about side effects. The following may not do what you want: - -``` -int n = 100; -EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GetX()) -.Times(4) -.WillRepeatedly(Return(n++)); -``` - -Instead of returning 100, 101, 102, ..., consecutively, this mock function will always return 100 as `n++` is only evaluated once. Similarly, `Return(new Foo)` will create a new `Foo` object when the `EXPECT_CALL()` is executed, and will return the same pointer every time. If you want the side effect to happen every time, you need to define a custom action, which we'll teach in the [CookBook](CookBook.md). - -Time for another quiz! What do you think the following means? - -``` -using ::testing::Return;... -EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GetY()) -.Times(4) -.WillOnce(Return(100)); -``` - -Obviously `turtle.GetY()` is expected to be called four times. But if you think it will return 100 every time, think twice! Remember that one `WillOnce()` clause will be consumed each time the function is invoked and the default action will be taken afterwards. So the right answer is that `turtle.GetY()` will return 100 the first time, but **return 0 from the second time on**, as returning 0 is the default action for `int` functions. - -## Using Multiple Expectations ## -So far we've only shown examples where you have a single expectation. More realistically, you're going to specify expectations on multiple mock methods, which may be from multiple mock objects. - -By default, when a mock method is invoked, Google Mock will search the expectations in the **reverse order** they are defined, and stop when an active expectation that matches the arguments is found (you can think of it as "newer rules override older ones."). If the matching expectation cannot take any more calls, you will get an upper-bound-violated failure. Here's an example: - -``` -using ::testing::_;... -EXPECT_CALL(turtle, Forward(_)); // #1 -EXPECT_CALL(turtle, Forward(10)) // #2 - .Times(2); -``` - -If `Forward(10)` is called three times in a row, the third time it will be an error, as the last matching expectation (#2) has been saturated. If, however, the third `Forward(10)` call is replaced by `Forward(20)`, then it would be OK, as now #1 will be the matching expectation. - -**Side note:** Why does Google Mock search for a match in the _reverse_ order of the expectations? The reason is that this allows a user to set up the default expectations in a mock object's constructor or the test fixture's set-up phase and then customize the mock by writing more specific expectations in the test body. So, if you have two expectations on the same method, you want to put the one with more specific matchers **after** the other, or the more specific rule would be shadowed by the more general one that comes after it. - -## Ordered vs Unordered Calls ## -By default, an expectation can match a call even though an earlier expectation hasn't been satisfied. In other words, the calls don't have to occur in the order the expectations are specified. - -Sometimes, you may want all the expected calls to occur in a strict order. To say this in Google Mock is easy: - -``` -using ::testing::InSequence;... -TEST(FooTest, DrawsLineSegment) { - ... - { - InSequence dummy; - - EXPECT_CALL(turtle, PenDown()); - EXPECT_CALL(turtle, Forward(100)); - EXPECT_CALL(turtle, PenUp()); - } - Foo(); -} -``` - -By creating an object of type `InSequence`, all expectations in its scope are put into a _sequence_ and have to occur _sequentially_. Since we are just relying on the constructor and destructor of this object to do the actual work, its name is really irrelevant. - -In this example, we test that `Foo()` calls the three expected functions in the order as written. If a call is made out-of-order, it will be an error. - -(What if you care about the relative order of some of the calls, but not all of them? Can you specify an arbitrary partial order? The answer is ... yes! If you are impatient, the details can be found in the [CookBook](CookBook#Expecting_Partially_Ordered_Calls.md).) - -## All Expectations Are Sticky (Unless Said Otherwise) ## -Now let's do a quick quiz to see how well you can use this mock stuff already. How would you test that the turtle is asked to go to the origin _exactly twice_ (you want to ignore any other instructions it receives)? - -After you've come up with your answer, take a look at ours and compare notes (solve it yourself first - don't cheat!): - -``` -using ::testing::_;... -EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GoTo(_, _)) // #1 - .Times(AnyNumber()); -EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GoTo(0, 0)) // #2 - .Times(2); -``` - -Suppose `turtle.GoTo(0, 0)` is called three times. In the third time, Google Mock will see that the arguments match expectation #2 (remember that we always pick the last matching expectation). Now, since we said that there should be only two such calls, Google Mock will report an error immediately. This is basically what we've told you in the "Using Multiple Expectations" section above. - -This example shows that **expectations in Google Mock are "sticky" by default**, in the sense that they remain active even after we have reached their invocation upper bounds. This is an important rule to remember, as it affects the meaning of the spec, and is **different** to how it's done in many other mocking frameworks (Why'd we do that? Because we think our rule makes the common cases easier to express and understand.). - -Simple? Let's see if you've really understood it: what does the following code say? - -``` -using ::testing::Return; -... -for (int i = n; i > 0; i--) { - EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GetX()) - .WillOnce(Return(10*i)); -} -``` - -If you think it says that `turtle.GetX()` will be called `n` times and will return 10, 20, 30, ..., consecutively, think twice! The problem is that, as we said, expectations are sticky. So, the second time `turtle.GetX()` is called, the last (latest) `EXPECT_CALL()` statement will match, and will immediately lead to an "upper bound exceeded" error - this piece of code is not very useful! - -One correct way of saying that `turtle.GetX()` will return 10, 20, 30, ..., is to explicitly say that the expectations are _not_ sticky. In other words, they should _retire_ as soon as they are saturated: - -``` -using ::testing::Return; -... -for (int i = n; i > 0; i--) { - EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GetX()) - .WillOnce(Return(10*i)) - .RetiresOnSaturation(); -} -``` - -And, there's a better way to do it: in this case, we expect the calls to occur in a specific order, and we line up the actions to match the order. Since the order is important here, we should make it explicit using a sequence: - -``` -using ::testing::InSequence; -using ::testing::Return; -... -{ - InSequence s; - - for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { - EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GetX()) - .WillOnce(Return(10*i)) - .RetiresOnSaturation(); - } -} -``` - -By the way, the other situation where an expectation may _not_ be sticky is when it's in a sequence - as soon as another expectation that comes after it in the sequence has been used, it automatically retires (and will never be used to match any call). - -## Uninteresting Calls ## -A mock object may have many methods, and not all of them are that interesting. For example, in some tests we may not care about how many times `GetX()` and `GetY()` get called. - -In Google Mock, if you are not interested in a method, just don't say anything about it. If a call to this method occurs, you'll see a warning in the test output, but it won't be a failure. - -# What Now? # -Congratulations! You've learned enough about Google Mock to start using it. Now, you might want to join the [googlemock](http://groups.google.com/group/googlemock) discussion group and actually write some tests using Google Mock - it will be fun. Hey, it may even be addictive - you've been warned. - -Then, if you feel like increasing your mock quotient, you should move on to the [CookBook](CookBook.md). You can learn many advanced features of Google Mock there -- and advance your level of enjoyment and testing bliss. diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/FrequentlyAskedQuestions.md b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/FrequentlyAskedQuestions.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5eac83f..0000000 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/FrequentlyAskedQuestions.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,628 +0,0 @@ - - -Please send your questions to the -[googlemock](http://groups.google.com/group/googlemock) discussion -group. If you need help with compiler errors, make sure you have -tried [Google Mock Doctor](#How_am_I_supposed_to_make_sense_of_these_horrible_template_error.md) first. - -## When I call a method on my mock object, the method for the real object is invoked instead. What's the problem? ## - -In order for a method to be mocked, it must be _virtual_, unless you use the [high-perf dependency injection technique](CookBook.md#mocking-nonvirtual-methods). - -## I wrote some matchers. After I upgraded to a new version of Google Mock, they no longer compile. What's going on? ## - -After version 1.4.0 of Google Mock was released, we had an idea on how -to make it easier to write matchers that can generate informative -messages efficiently. We experimented with this idea and liked what -we saw. Therefore we decided to implement it. - -Unfortunately, this means that if you have defined your own matchers -by implementing `MatcherInterface` or using `MakePolymorphicMatcher()`, -your definitions will no longer compile. Matchers defined using the -`MATCHER*` family of macros are not affected. - -Sorry for the hassle if your matchers are affected. We believe it's -in everyone's long-term interest to make this change sooner than -later. Fortunately, it's usually not hard to migrate an existing -matcher to the new API. Here's what you need to do: - -If you wrote your matcher like this: -``` -// Old matcher definition that doesn't work with the latest -// Google Mock. -using ::testing::MatcherInterface; -... -class MyWonderfulMatcher : public MatcherInterface { - public: - ... - virtual bool Matches(MyType value) const { - // Returns true if value matches. - return value.GetFoo() > 5; - } - ... -}; -``` - -you'll need to change it to: -``` -// New matcher definition that works with the latest Google Mock. -using ::testing::MatcherInterface; -using ::testing::MatchResultListener; -... -class MyWonderfulMatcher : public MatcherInterface { - public: - ... - virtual bool MatchAndExplain(MyType value, - MatchResultListener* listener) const { - // Returns true if value matches. - return value.GetFoo() > 5; - } - ... -}; -``` -(i.e. rename `Matches()` to `MatchAndExplain()` and give it a second -argument of type `MatchResultListener*`.) - -If you were also using `ExplainMatchResultTo()` to improve the matcher -message: -``` -// Old matcher definition that doesn't work with the lastest -// Google Mock. -using ::testing::MatcherInterface; -... -class MyWonderfulMatcher : public MatcherInterface { - public: - ... - virtual bool Matches(MyType value) const { - // Returns true if value matches. - return value.GetFoo() > 5; - } - - virtual void ExplainMatchResultTo(MyType value, - ::std::ostream* os) const { - // Prints some helpful information to os to help - // a user understand why value matches (or doesn't match). - *os << "the Foo property is " << value.GetFoo(); - } - ... -}; -``` - -you should move the logic of `ExplainMatchResultTo()` into -`MatchAndExplain()`, using the `MatchResultListener` argument where -the `::std::ostream` was used: -``` -// New matcher definition that works with the latest Google Mock. -using ::testing::MatcherInterface; -using ::testing::MatchResultListener; -... -class MyWonderfulMatcher : public MatcherInterface { - public: - ... - virtual bool MatchAndExplain(MyType value, - MatchResultListener* listener) const { - // Returns true if value matches. - *listener << "the Foo property is " << value.GetFoo(); - return value.GetFoo() > 5; - } - ... -}; -``` - -If your matcher is defined using `MakePolymorphicMatcher()`: -``` -// Old matcher definition that doesn't work with the latest -// Google Mock. -using ::testing::MakePolymorphicMatcher; -... -class MyGreatMatcher { - public: - ... - bool Matches(MyType value) const { - // Returns true if value matches. - return value.GetBar() < 42; - } - ... -}; -... MakePolymorphicMatcher(MyGreatMatcher()) ... -``` - -you should rename the `Matches()` method to `MatchAndExplain()` and -add a `MatchResultListener*` argument (the same as what you need to do -for matchers defined by implementing `MatcherInterface`): -``` -// New matcher definition that works with the latest Google Mock. -using ::testing::MakePolymorphicMatcher; -using ::testing::MatchResultListener; -... -class MyGreatMatcher { - public: - ... - bool MatchAndExplain(MyType value, - MatchResultListener* listener) const { - // Returns true if value matches. - return value.GetBar() < 42; - } - ... -}; -... MakePolymorphicMatcher(MyGreatMatcher()) ... -``` - -If your polymorphic matcher uses `ExplainMatchResultTo()` for better -failure messages: -``` -// Old matcher definition that doesn't work with the latest -// Google Mock. -using ::testing::MakePolymorphicMatcher; -... -class MyGreatMatcher { - public: - ... - bool Matches(MyType value) const { - // Returns true if value matches. - return value.GetBar() < 42; - } - ... -}; -void ExplainMatchResultTo(const MyGreatMatcher& matcher, - MyType value, - ::std::ostream* os) { - // Prints some helpful information to os to help - // a user understand why value matches (or doesn't match). - *os << "the Bar property is " << value.GetBar(); -} -... MakePolymorphicMatcher(MyGreatMatcher()) ... -``` - -you'll need to move the logic inside `ExplainMatchResultTo()` to -`MatchAndExplain()`: -``` -// New matcher definition that works with the latest Google Mock. -using ::testing::MakePolymorphicMatcher; -using ::testing::MatchResultListener; -... -class MyGreatMatcher { - public: - ... - bool MatchAndExplain(MyType value, - MatchResultListener* listener) const { - // Returns true if value matches. - *listener << "the Bar property is " << value.GetBar(); - return value.GetBar() < 42; - } - ... -}; -... MakePolymorphicMatcher(MyGreatMatcher()) ... -``` - -For more information, you can read these -[two](CookBook.md#writing-new-monomorphic-matchers) -[recipes](CookBook.md#writing-new-polymorphic-matchers) -from the cookbook. As always, you -are welcome to post questions on `googlemock@googlegroups.com` if you -need any help. - -## When using Google Mock, do I have to use Google Test as the testing framework? I have my favorite testing framework and don't want to switch. ## - -Google Mock works out of the box with Google Test. However, it's easy -to configure it to work with any testing framework of your choice. -[Here](ForDummies.md#using-google-mock-with-any-testing-framework) is how. - -## How am I supposed to make sense of these horrible template errors? ## - -If you are confused by the compiler errors gcc threw at you, -try consulting the _Google Mock Doctor_ tool first. What it does is to -scan stdin for gcc error messages, and spit out diagnoses on the -problems (we call them diseases) your code has. - -To "install", run command: -``` -alias gmd='/scripts/gmock_doctor.py' -``` - -To use it, do: -``` - 2>&1 | gmd -``` - -For example: -``` -make my_test 2>&1 | gmd -``` - -Or you can run `gmd` and copy-n-paste gcc's error messages to it. - -## Can I mock a variadic function? ## - -You cannot mock a variadic function (i.e. a function taking ellipsis -(`...`) arguments) directly in Google Mock. - -The problem is that in general, there is _no way_ for a mock object to -know how many arguments are passed to the variadic method, and what -the arguments' types are. Only the _author of the base class_ knows -the protocol, and we cannot look into his head. - -Therefore, to mock such a function, the _user_ must teach the mock -object how to figure out the number of arguments and their types. One -way to do it is to provide overloaded versions of the function. - -Ellipsis arguments are inherited from C and not really a C++ feature. -They are unsafe to use and don't work with arguments that have -constructors or destructors. Therefore we recommend to avoid them in -C++ as much as possible. - -## MSVC gives me warning C4301 or C4373 when I define a mock method with a const parameter. Why? ## - -If you compile this using Microsoft Visual C++ 2005 SP1: -``` -class Foo { - ... - virtual void Bar(const int i) = 0; -}; - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - ... - MOCK_METHOD1(Bar, void(const int i)); -}; -``` -You may get the following warning: -``` -warning C4301: 'MockFoo::Bar': overriding virtual function only differs from 'Foo::Bar' by const/volatile qualifier -``` - -This is a MSVC bug. The same code compiles fine with gcc ,for -example. If you use Visual C++ 2008 SP1, you would get the warning: -``` -warning C4373: 'MockFoo::Bar': virtual function overrides 'Foo::Bar', previous versions of the compiler did not override when parameters only differed by const/volatile qualifiers -``` - -In C++, if you _declare_ a function with a `const` parameter, the -`const` modifier is _ignored_. Therefore, the `Foo` base class above -is equivalent to: -``` -class Foo { - ... - virtual void Bar(int i) = 0; // int or const int? Makes no difference. -}; -``` - -In fact, you can _declare_ Bar() with an `int` parameter, and _define_ -it with a `const int` parameter. The compiler will still match them -up. - -Since making a parameter `const` is meaningless in the method -_declaration_, we recommend to remove it in both `Foo` and `MockFoo`. -That should workaround the VC bug. - -Note that we are talking about the _top-level_ `const` modifier here. -If the function parameter is passed by pointer or reference, declaring -the _pointee_ or _referee_ as `const` is still meaningful. For -example, the following two declarations are _not_ equivalent: -``` -void Bar(int* p); // Neither p nor *p is const. -void Bar(const int* p); // p is not const, but *p is. -``` - -## I have a huge mock class, and Microsoft Visual C++ runs out of memory when compiling it. What can I do? ## - -We've noticed that when the `/clr` compiler flag is used, Visual C++ -uses 5~6 times as much memory when compiling a mock class. We suggest -to avoid `/clr` when compiling native C++ mocks. - -## I can't figure out why Google Mock thinks my expectations are not satisfied. What should I do? ## - -You might want to run your test with -`--gmock_verbose=info`. This flag lets Google Mock print a trace -of every mock function call it receives. By studying the trace, -you'll gain insights on why the expectations you set are not met. - -## How can I assert that a function is NEVER called? ## - -``` -EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(_)) - .Times(0); -``` - -## I have a failed test where Google Mock tells me TWICE that a particular expectation is not satisfied. Isn't this redundant? ## - -When Google Mock detects a failure, it prints relevant information -(the mock function arguments, the state of relevant expectations, and -etc) to help the user debug. If another failure is detected, Google -Mock will do the same, including printing the state of relevant -expectations. - -Sometimes an expectation's state didn't change between two failures, -and you'll see the same description of the state twice. They are -however _not_ redundant, as they refer to _different points in time_. -The fact they are the same _is_ interesting information. - -## I get a heap check failure when using a mock object, but using a real object is fine. What can be wrong? ## - -Does the class (hopefully a pure interface) you are mocking have a -virtual destructor? - -Whenever you derive from a base class, make sure its destructor is -virtual. Otherwise Bad Things will happen. Consider the following -code: - -``` -class Base { - public: - // Not virtual, but should be. - ~Base() { ... } - ... -}; - -class Derived : public Base { - public: - ... - private: - std::string value_; -}; - -... - Base* p = new Derived; - ... - delete p; // Surprise! ~Base() will be called, but ~Derived() will not - // - value_ is leaked. -``` - -By changing `~Base()` to virtual, `~Derived()` will be correctly -called when `delete p` is executed, and the heap checker -will be happy. - -## The "newer expectations override older ones" rule makes writing expectations awkward. Why does Google Mock do that? ## - -When people complain about this, often they are referring to code like: - -``` -// foo.Bar() should be called twice, return 1 the first time, and return -// 2 the second time. However, I have to write the expectations in the -// reverse order. This sucks big time!!! -EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar()) - .WillOnce(Return(2)) - .RetiresOnSaturation(); -EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar()) - .WillOnce(Return(1)) - .RetiresOnSaturation(); -``` - -The problem is that they didn't pick the **best** way to express the test's -intent. - -By default, expectations don't have to be matched in _any_ particular -order. If you want them to match in a certain order, you need to be -explicit. This is Google Mock's (and jMock's) fundamental philosophy: it's -easy to accidentally over-specify your tests, and we want to make it -harder to do so. - -There are two better ways to write the test spec. You could either -put the expectations in sequence: - -``` -// foo.Bar() should be called twice, return 1 the first time, and return -// 2 the second time. Using a sequence, we can write the expectations -// in their natural order. -{ - InSequence s; - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar()) - .WillOnce(Return(1)) - .RetiresOnSaturation(); - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar()) - .WillOnce(Return(2)) - .RetiresOnSaturation(); -} -``` - -or you can put the sequence of actions in the same expectation: - -``` -// foo.Bar() should be called twice, return 1 the first time, and return -// 2 the second time. -EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar()) - .WillOnce(Return(1)) - .WillOnce(Return(2)) - .RetiresOnSaturation(); -``` - -Back to the original questions: why does Google Mock search the -expectations (and `ON_CALL`s) from back to front? Because this -allows a user to set up a mock's behavior for the common case early -(e.g. in the mock's constructor or the test fixture's set-up phase) -and customize it with more specific rules later. If Google Mock -searches from front to back, this very useful pattern won't be -possible. - -## Google Mock prints a warning when a function without EXPECT\_CALL is called, even if I have set its behavior using ON\_CALL. Would it be reasonable not to show the warning in this case? ## - -When choosing between being neat and being safe, we lean toward the -latter. So the answer is that we think it's better to show the -warning. - -Often people write `ON_CALL`s in the mock object's -constructor or `SetUp()`, as the default behavior rarely changes from -test to test. Then in the test body they set the expectations, which -are often different for each test. Having an `ON_CALL` in the set-up -part of a test doesn't mean that the calls are expected. If there's -no `EXPECT_CALL` and the method is called, it's possibly an error. If -we quietly let the call go through without notifying the user, bugs -may creep in unnoticed. - -If, however, you are sure that the calls are OK, you can write - -``` -EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(_)) - .WillRepeatedly(...); -``` - -instead of - -``` -ON_CALL(foo, Bar(_)) - .WillByDefault(...); -``` - -This tells Google Mock that you do expect the calls and no warning should be -printed. - -Also, you can control the verbosity using the `--gmock_verbose` flag. -If you find the output too noisy when debugging, just choose a less -verbose level. - -## How can I delete the mock function's argument in an action? ## - -If you find yourself needing to perform some action that's not -supported by Google Mock directly, remember that you can define your own -actions using -[MakeAction()](CookBook.md#writing-new-actions) or -[MakePolymorphicAction()](CookBook.md#writing_new_polymorphic_actions), -or you can write a stub function and invoke it using -[Invoke()](CookBook.md#using-functions_methods_functors). - -## MOCK\_METHODn()'s second argument looks funny. Why don't you use the MOCK\_METHODn(Method, return\_type, arg\_1, ..., arg\_n) syntax? ## - -What?! I think it's beautiful. :-) - -While which syntax looks more natural is a subjective matter to some -extent, Google Mock's syntax was chosen for several practical advantages it -has. - -Try to mock a function that takes a map as an argument: -``` -virtual int GetSize(const map& m); -``` - -Using the proposed syntax, it would be: -``` -MOCK_METHOD1(GetSize, int, const map& m); -``` - -Guess what? You'll get a compiler error as the compiler thinks that -`const map& m` are **two**, not one, arguments. To work -around this you can use `typedef` to give the map type a name, but -that gets in the way of your work. Google Mock's syntax avoids this -problem as the function's argument types are protected inside a pair -of parentheses: -``` -// This compiles fine. -MOCK_METHOD1(GetSize, int(const map& m)); -``` - -You still need a `typedef` if the return type contains an unprotected -comma, but that's much rarer. - -Other advantages include: - 1. `MOCK_METHOD1(Foo, int, bool)` can leave a reader wonder whether the method returns `int` or `bool`, while there won't be such confusion using Google Mock's syntax. - 1. The way Google Mock describes a function type is nothing new, although many people may not be familiar with it. The same syntax was used in C, and the `function` library in `tr1` uses this syntax extensively. Since `tr1` will become a part of the new version of STL, we feel very comfortable to be consistent with it. - 1. The function type syntax is also used in other parts of Google Mock's API (e.g. the action interface) in order to make the implementation tractable. A user needs to learn it anyway in order to utilize Google Mock's more advanced features. We'd as well stick to the same syntax in `MOCK_METHOD*`! - -## My code calls a static/global function. Can I mock it? ## - -You can, but you need to make some changes. - -In general, if you find yourself needing to mock a static function, -it's a sign that your modules are too tightly coupled (and less -flexible, less reusable, less testable, etc). You are probably better -off defining a small interface and call the function through that -interface, which then can be easily mocked. It's a bit of work -initially, but usually pays for itself quickly. - -This Google Testing Blog -[post](http://googletesting.blogspot.com/2008/06/defeat-static-cling.html) -says it excellently. Check it out. - -## My mock object needs to do complex stuff. It's a lot of pain to specify the actions. Google Mock sucks! ## - -I know it's not a question, but you get an answer for free any way. :-) - -With Google Mock, you can create mocks in C++ easily. And people might be -tempted to use them everywhere. Sometimes they work great, and -sometimes you may find them, well, a pain to use. So, what's wrong in -the latter case? - -When you write a test without using mocks, you exercise the code and -assert that it returns the correct value or that the system is in an -expected state. This is sometimes called "state-based testing". - -Mocks are great for what some call "interaction-based" testing: -instead of checking the system state at the very end, mock objects -verify that they are invoked the right way and report an error as soon -as it arises, giving you a handle on the precise context in which the -error was triggered. This is often more effective and economical to -do than state-based testing. - -If you are doing state-based testing and using a test double just to -simulate the real object, you are probably better off using a fake. -Using a mock in this case causes pain, as it's not a strong point for -mocks to perform complex actions. If you experience this and think -that mocks suck, you are just not using the right tool for your -problem. Or, you might be trying to solve the wrong problem. :-) - -## I got a warning "Uninteresting function call encountered - default action taken.." Should I panic? ## - -By all means, NO! It's just an FYI. - -What it means is that you have a mock function, you haven't set any -expectations on it (by Google Mock's rule this means that you are not -interested in calls to this function and therefore it can be called -any number of times), and it is called. That's OK - you didn't say -it's not OK to call the function! - -What if you actually meant to disallow this function to be called, but -forgot to write `EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar()).Times(0)`? While -one can argue that it's the user's fault, Google Mock tries to be nice and -prints you a note. - -So, when you see the message and believe that there shouldn't be any -uninteresting calls, you should investigate what's going on. To make -your life easier, Google Mock prints the function name and arguments -when an uninteresting call is encountered. - -## I want to define a custom action. Should I use Invoke() or implement the action interface? ## - -Either way is fine - you want to choose the one that's more convenient -for your circumstance. - -Usually, if your action is for a particular function type, defining it -using `Invoke()` should be easier; if your action can be used in -functions of different types (e.g. if you are defining -`Return(value)`), `MakePolymorphicAction()` is -easiest. Sometimes you want precise control on what types of -functions the action can be used in, and implementing -`ActionInterface` is the way to go here. See the implementation of -`Return()` in `include/gmock/gmock-actions.h` for an example. - -## I'm using the set-argument-pointee action, and the compiler complains about "conflicting return type specified". What does it mean? ## - -You got this error as Google Mock has no idea what value it should return -when the mock method is called. `SetArgPointee()` says what the -side effect is, but doesn't say what the return value should be. You -need `DoAll()` to chain a `SetArgPointee()` with a `Return()`. - -See this [recipe](CookBook.md#mocking_side_effects) for more details and an example. - - -## My question is not in your FAQ! ## - -If you cannot find the answer to your question in this FAQ, there are -some other resources you can use: - - 1. read other [documentation](Documentation.md), - 1. search the mailing list [archive](http://groups.google.com/group/googlemock/topics), - 1. ask it on [googlemock@googlegroups.com](mailto:googlemock@googlegroups.com) and someone will answer it (to prevent spam, we require you to join the [discussion group](http://groups.google.com/group/googlemock) before you can post.). - -Please note that creating an issue in the -[issue tracker](https://github.com/google/googletest/issues) is _not_ -a good way to get your answer, as it is monitored infrequently by a -very small number of people. - -When asking a question, it's helpful to provide as much of the -following information as possible (people cannot help you if there's -not enough information in your question): - - * the version (or the revision number if you check out from SVN directly) of Google Mock you use (Google Mock is under active development, so it's possible that your problem has been solved in a later version), - * your operating system, - * the name and version of your compiler, - * the complete command line flags you give to your compiler, - * the complete compiler error messages (if the question is about compilation), - * the _actual_ code (ideally, a minimal but complete program) that has the problem you encounter. diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/KnownIssues.md b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/KnownIssues.md deleted file mode 100644 index adadf51..0000000 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/KnownIssues.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -As any non-trivial software system, Google Mock has some known limitations and problems. We are working on improving it, and welcome your help! The follow is a list of issues we know about. - - - -## README contains outdated information on Google Mock's compatibility with other testing frameworks ## - -The `README` file in release 1.1.0 still says that Google Mock only works with Google Test. Actually, you can configure Google Mock to work with any testing framework you choose. - -## Tests failing on machines using Power PC CPUs (e.g. some Macs) ## - -`gmock_output_test` and `gmock-printers_test` are known to fail with Power PC CPUs. This is due to portability issues with these tests, and is not an indication of problems in Google Mock itself. You can safely ignore them. - -## Failed to resolve libgtest.so.0 in tests when built against installed Google Test ## - -This only applies if you manually built and installed Google Test, and then built a Google Mock against it (either explicitly, or because gtest-config was in your path post-install). In this situation, Libtool has a known issue with certain systems' ldconfig setup: - -http://article.gmane.org/gmane.comp.sysutils.automake.general/9025 - -This requires a manual run of "sudo ldconfig" after the "sudo make install" for Google Test before any binaries which link against it can be executed. This isn't a bug in our install, but we should at least have documented it or hacked a work-around into our install. We should have one of these solutions in our next release. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/cheat_sheet.md b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/cheat_sheet.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..850963a --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/cheat_sheet.md @@ -0,0 +1,781 @@ +## gMock Cheat Sheet + + + + + +### Defining a Mock Class + +#### Mocking a Normal Class {#MockClass} + +Given + +```cpp +class Foo { + ... + virtual ~Foo(); + virtual int GetSize() const = 0; + virtual string Describe(const char* name) = 0; + virtual string Describe(int type) = 0; + virtual bool Process(Bar elem, int count) = 0; +}; +``` + +(note that `~Foo()` **must** be virtual) we can define its mock as + +```cpp +#include "gmock/gmock.h" + +class MockFoo : public Foo { + ... + MOCK_METHOD(int, GetSize, (), (const, override)); + MOCK_METHOD(string, Describe, (const char* name), (override)); + MOCK_METHOD(string, Describe, (int type), (override)); + MOCK_METHOD(bool, Process, (Bar elem, int count), (override)); +}; +``` + +To create a "nice" mock, which ignores all uninteresting calls, a "naggy" mock, +which warns on all uninteresting calls, or a "strict" mock, which treats them as +failures: + +```cpp +using ::testing::NiceMock; +using ::testing::NaggyMock; +using ::testing::StrictMock; + +NiceMock nice_foo; // The type is a subclass of MockFoo. +NaggyMock naggy_foo; // The type is a subclass of MockFoo. +StrictMock strict_foo; // The type is a subclass of MockFoo. +``` + +**Note:** A mock object is currently naggy by default. We may make it nice by +default in the future. + +#### Mocking a Class Template {#MockTemplate} + +Class templates can be mocked just like any class. + +To mock + +```cpp +template +class StackInterface { + ... + virtual ~StackInterface(); + virtual int GetSize() const = 0; + virtual void Push(const Elem& x) = 0; +}; +``` + +(note that all member functions that are mocked, including `~StackInterface()` +**must** be virtual). + +```cpp +template +class MockStack : public StackInterface { + ... + MOCK_METHOD(int, GetSize, (), (const, override)); + MOCK_METHOD(void, Push, (const Elem& x), (override)); +}; +``` + +#### Specifying Calling Conventions for Mock Functions + +If your mock function doesn't use the default calling convention, you can +specify it by adding `Calltype(convention)` to `MOCK_METHOD`'s 4th parameter. +For example, + +```cpp + MOCK_METHOD(bool, Foo, (int n), (Calltype(STDMETHODCALLTYPE))); + MOCK_METHOD(int, Bar, (double x, double y), + (const, Calltype(STDMETHODCALLTYPE))); +``` + +where `STDMETHODCALLTYPE` is defined by `` on Windows. + +### Using Mocks in Tests {#UsingMocks} + +The typical work flow is: + +1. Import the gMock names you need to use. All gMock symbols are in the + `testing` namespace unless they are macros or otherwise noted. +2. Create the mock objects. +3. Optionally, set the default actions of the mock objects. +4. Set your expectations on the mock objects (How will they be called? What + will they do?). +5. Exercise code that uses the mock objects; if necessary, check the result + using googletest assertions. +6. When a mock object is destructed, gMock automatically verifies that all + expectations on it have been satisfied. + +Here's an example: + +```cpp +using ::testing::Return; // #1 + +TEST(BarTest, DoesThis) { + MockFoo foo; // #2 + + ON_CALL(foo, GetSize()) // #3 + .WillByDefault(Return(1)); + // ... other default actions ... + + EXPECT_CALL(foo, Describe(5)) // #4 + .Times(3) + .WillRepeatedly(Return("Category 5")); + // ... other expectations ... + + EXPECT_EQ("good", MyProductionFunction(&foo)); // #5 +} // #6 +``` + +### Setting Default Actions {#OnCall} + +gMock has a **built-in default action** for any function that returns `void`, +`bool`, a numeric value, or a pointer. In C++11, it will additionally returns +the default-constructed value, if one exists for the given type. + +To customize the default action for functions with return type *`T`*: + +```cpp +using ::testing::DefaultValue; + +// Sets the default value to be returned. T must be CopyConstructible. +DefaultValue::Set(value); +// Sets a factory. Will be invoked on demand. T must be MoveConstructible. +// T MakeT(); +DefaultValue::SetFactory(&MakeT); +// ... use the mocks ... +// Resets the default value. +DefaultValue::Clear(); +``` + +Example usage: + +```cpp + // Sets the default action for return type std::unique_ptr to + // creating a new Buzz every time. + DefaultValue>::SetFactory( + [] { return MakeUnique(AccessLevel::kInternal); }); + + // When this fires, the default action of MakeBuzz() will run, which + // will return a new Buzz object. + EXPECT_CALL(mock_buzzer_, MakeBuzz("hello")).Times(AnyNumber()); + + auto buzz1 = mock_buzzer_.MakeBuzz("hello"); + auto buzz2 = mock_buzzer_.MakeBuzz("hello"); + EXPECT_NE(nullptr, buzz1); + EXPECT_NE(nullptr, buzz2); + EXPECT_NE(buzz1, buzz2); + + // Resets the default action for return type std::unique_ptr, + // to avoid interfere with other tests. + DefaultValue>::Clear(); +``` + +To customize the default action for a particular method of a specific mock +object, use `ON_CALL()`. `ON_CALL()` has a similar syntax to `EXPECT_CALL()`, +but it is used for setting default behaviors (when you do not require that the +mock method is called). See [here](cook_book.md#UseOnCall) for a more detailed +discussion. + +```cpp +ON_CALL(mock-object, method(matchers)) + .With(multi-argument-matcher) ? + .WillByDefault(action); +``` + +### Setting Expectations {#ExpectCall} + +`EXPECT_CALL()` sets **expectations** on a mock method (How will it be called? +What will it do?): + +```cpp +EXPECT_CALL(mock-object, method (matchers)?) + .With(multi-argument-matcher) ? + .Times(cardinality) ? + .InSequence(sequences) * + .After(expectations) * + .WillOnce(action) * + .WillRepeatedly(action) ? + .RetiresOnSaturation(); ? +``` + +For each item above, `?` means it can be used at most once, while `*` means it +can be used any number of times. + +In order to pass, `EXPECT_CALL` must be used before the calls are actually made. + +The `(matchers)` is a comma-separated list of matchers that correspond to each +of the arguments of `method`, and sets the expectation only for calls of +`method` that matches all of the matchers. + +If `(matchers)` is omitted, the expectation is the same as if the matchers were +set to anything matchers (for example, `(_, _, _, _)` for a four-arg method). + +If `Times()` is omitted, the cardinality is assumed to be: + +* `Times(1)` when there is neither `WillOnce()` nor `WillRepeatedly()`; +* `Times(n)` when there are `n` `WillOnce()`s but no `WillRepeatedly()`, where + `n` >= 1; or +* `Times(AtLeast(n))` when there are `n` `WillOnce()`s and a + `WillRepeatedly()`, where `n` >= 0. + +A method with no `EXPECT_CALL()` is free to be invoked *any number of times*, +and the default action will be taken each time. + +### Matchers {#MatcherList} + + + +A **matcher** matches a *single* argument. You can use it inside `ON_CALL()` or +`EXPECT_CALL()`, or use it to validate a value directly using two macros: + + +| Macro | Description | +| :----------------------------------- | :------------------------------------ | +| `EXPECT_THAT(actual_value, matcher)` | Asserts that `actual_value` matches `matcher`. | +| `ASSERT_THAT(actual_value, matcher)` | The same as `EXPECT_THAT(actual_value, matcher)`, except that it generates a **fatal** failure. | + + +Built-in matchers (where `argument` is the function argument, e.g. +`actual_value` in the example above, or when used in the context of +`EXPECT_CALL(mock_object, method(matchers))`, the arguments of `method`) are +divided into several categories: + +#### Wildcard + +Matcher | Description +:-------------------------- | :----------------------------------------------- +`_` | `argument` can be any value of the correct type. +`A()` or `An()` | `argument` can be any value of type `type`. + +#### Generic Comparison + + +| Matcher | Description | +| :--------------------- | :-------------------------------------------------- | +| `Eq(value)` or `value` | `argument == value` | +| `Ge(value)` | `argument >= value` | +| `Gt(value)` | `argument > value` | +| `Le(value)` | `argument <= value` | +| `Lt(value)` | `argument < value` | +| `Ne(value)` | `argument != value` | +| `IsFalse()` | `argument` evaluates to `false` in a Boolean context. | +| `IsTrue()` | `argument` evaluates to `true` in a Boolean context. | +| `IsNull()` | `argument` is a `NULL` pointer (raw or smart). | +| `NotNull()` | `argument` is a non-null pointer (raw or smart). | +| `Optional(m)` | `argument` is `optional<>` that contains a value matching `m`. | +| `VariantWith(m)` | `argument` is `variant<>` that holds the alternative of type T with a value matching `m`. | +| `Ref(variable)` | `argument` is a reference to `variable`. | +| `TypedEq(value)` | `argument` has type `type` and is equal to `value`. You may need to use this instead of `Eq(value)` when the mock function is overloaded. | + + +Except `Ref()`, these matchers make a *copy* of `value` in case it's modified or +destructed later. If the compiler complains that `value` doesn't have a public +copy constructor, try wrap it in `ByRef()`, e.g. +`Eq(ByRef(non_copyable_value))`. If you do that, make sure `non_copyable_value` +is not changed afterwards, or the meaning of your matcher will be changed. + +#### Floating-Point Matchers {#FpMatchers} + + +| Matcher | Description | +| :------------------------------- | :--------------------------------- | +| `DoubleEq(a_double)` | `argument` is a `double` value approximately equal to `a_double`, treating two NaNs as unequal. | +| `FloatEq(a_float)` | `argument` is a `float` value approximately equal to `a_float`, treating two NaNs as unequal. | +| `NanSensitiveDoubleEq(a_double)` | `argument` is a `double` value approximately equal to `a_double`, treating two NaNs as equal. | +| `NanSensitiveFloatEq(a_float)` | `argument` is a `float` value approximately equal to `a_float`, treating two NaNs as equal. | + + +The above matchers use ULP-based comparison (the same as used in googletest). +They automatically pick a reasonable error bound based on the absolute value of +the expected value. `DoubleEq()` and `FloatEq()` conform to the IEEE standard, +which requires comparing two NaNs for equality to return false. The +`NanSensitive*` version instead treats two NaNs as equal, which is often what a +user wants. + + +| Matcher | Description | +| :------------------------------------------------ | :----------------------- | +| `DoubleNear(a_double, max_abs_error)` | `argument` is a `double` value close to `a_double` (absolute error <= `max_abs_error`), treating two NaNs as unequal. | +| `FloatNear(a_float, max_abs_error)` | `argument` is a `float` value close to `a_float` (absolute error <= `max_abs_error`), treating two NaNs as unequal. | +| `NanSensitiveDoubleNear(a_double, max_abs_error)` | `argument` is a `double` value close to `a_double` (absolute error <= `max_abs_error`), treating two NaNs as equal. | +| `NanSensitiveFloatNear(a_float, max_abs_error)` | `argument` is a `float` value close to `a_float` (absolute error <= `max_abs_error`), treating two NaNs as equal. | + + +#### String Matchers + +The `argument` can be either a C string or a C++ string object: + + +| Matcher | Description | +| :---------------------- | :------------------------------------------------- | +| `ContainsRegex(string)` | `argument` matches the given regular expression. | +| `EndsWith(suffix)` | `argument` ends with string `suffix`. | +| `HasSubstr(string)` | `argument` contains `string` as a sub-string. | +| `MatchesRegex(string)` | `argument` matches the given regular expression with the match starting at the first character and ending at the last character. | +| `StartsWith(prefix)` | `argument` starts with string `prefix`. | +| `StrCaseEq(string)` | `argument` is equal to `string`, ignoring case. | +| `StrCaseNe(string)` | `argument` is not equal to `string`, ignoring case. | +| `StrEq(string)` | `argument` is equal to `string`. | +| `StrNe(string)` | `argument` is not equal to `string`. | + + +`ContainsRegex()` and `MatchesRegex()` take ownership of the `RE` object. They +use the regular expression syntax defined +[here](../../googletest/docs/advanced.md#regular-expression-syntax). +`StrCaseEq()`, `StrCaseNe()`, `StrEq()`, and `StrNe()` work for wide strings as +well. + +#### Container Matchers + +Most STL-style containers support `==`, so you can use `Eq(expected_container)` +or simply `expected_container` to match a container exactly. If you want to +write the elements in-line, match them more flexibly, or get more informative +messages, you can use: + + +| Matcher | Description | +| :---------------------------------------- | :------------------------------- | +| `BeginEndDistanceIs(m)` | `argument` is a container whose `begin()` and `end()` iterators are separated by a number of increments matching `m`. E.g. `BeginEndDistanceIs(2)` or `BeginEndDistanceIs(Lt(2))`. For containers that define a `size()` method, `SizeIs(m)` may be more efficient. | +| `ContainerEq(container)` | The same as `Eq(container)` except that the failure message also includes which elements are in one container but not the other. | +| `Contains(e)` | `argument` contains an element that matches `e`, which can be either a value or a matcher. | +| `Each(e)` | `argument` is a container where *every* element matches `e`, which can be either a value or a matcher. | +| `ElementsAre(e0, e1, ..., en)` | `argument` has `n + 1` elements, where the *i*-th element matches `ei`, which can be a value or a matcher. | +| `ElementsAreArray({e0, e1, ..., en})`, `ElementsAreArray(a_container)`, `ElementsAreArray(begin, end)`, `ElementsAreArray(array)`, or `ElementsAreArray(array, count)` | The same as `ElementsAre()` except that the expected element values/matchers come from an initializer list, STL-style container, iterator range, or C-style array. | +| `IsEmpty()` | `argument` is an empty container (`container.empty()`). | +| `IsSubsetOf({e0, e1, ..., en})`, `IsSubsetOf(a_container)`, `IsSubsetOf(begin, end)`, `IsSubsetOf(array)`, or `IsSubsetOf(array, count)` | `argument` matches `UnorderedElementsAre(x0, x1, ..., xk)` for some subset `{x0, x1, ..., xk}` of the expected matchers. | +| `IsSupersetOf({e0, e1, ..., en})`, `IsSupersetOf(a_container)`, `IsSupersetOf(begin, end)`, `IsSupersetOf(array)`, or `IsSupersetOf(array, count)` | Some subset of `argument` matches `UnorderedElementsAre(`expected matchers`)`. | +| `Pointwise(m, container)`, `Pointwise(m, {e0, e1, ..., en})` | `argument` contains the same number of elements as in `container`, and for all i, (the i-th element in `argument`, the i-th element in `container`) match `m`, which is a matcher on 2-tuples. E.g. `Pointwise(Le(), upper_bounds)` verifies that each element in `argument` doesn't exceed the corresponding element in `upper_bounds`. See more detail below. | +| `SizeIs(m)` | `argument` is a container whose size matches `m`. E.g. `SizeIs(2)` or `SizeIs(Lt(2))`. | +| `UnorderedElementsAre(e0, e1, ..., en)` | `argument` has `n + 1` elements, and under *some* permutation of the elements, each element matches an `ei` (for a different `i`), which can be a value or a matcher. | +| `UnorderedElementsAreArray({e0, e1, ..., en})`, `UnorderedElementsAreArray(a_container)`, `UnorderedElementsAreArray(begin, end)`, `UnorderedElementsAreArray(array)`, or `UnorderedElementsAreArray(array, count)` | The same as `UnorderedElementsAre()` except that the expected element values/matchers come from an initializer list, STL-style container, iterator range, or C-style array. | +| `UnorderedPointwise(m, container)`, `UnorderedPointwise(m, {e0, e1, ..., en})` | Like `Pointwise(m, container)`, but ignores the order of elements. | +| `WhenSorted(m)` | When `argument` is sorted using the `<` operator, it matches container matcher `m`. E.g. `WhenSorted(ElementsAre(1, 2, 3))` verifies that `argument` contains elements 1, 2, and 3, ignoring order. | +| `WhenSortedBy(comparator, m)` | The same as `WhenSorted(m)`, except that the given comparator instead of `<` is used to sort `argument`. E.g. `WhenSortedBy(std::greater(), ElementsAre(3, 2, 1))`. | + + +**Notes:** + +* These matchers can also match: + 1. a native array passed by reference (e.g. in `Foo(const int (&a)[5])`), + and + 2. an array passed as a pointer and a count (e.g. in `Bar(const T* buffer, + int len)` -- see [Multi-argument Matchers](#MultiArgMatchers)). +* The array being matched may be multi-dimensional (i.e. its elements can be + arrays). +* `m` in `Pointwise(m, ...)` should be a matcher for `::std::tuple` + where `T` and `U` are the element type of the actual container and the + expected container, respectively. For example, to compare two `Foo` + containers where `Foo` doesn't support `operator==`, one might write: + + ```cpp + using ::std::get; + MATCHER(FooEq, "") { + return std::get<0>(arg).Equals(std::get<1>(arg)); + } + ... + EXPECT_THAT(actual_foos, Pointwise(FooEq(), expected_foos)); + ``` + +#### Member Matchers + + +| Matcher | Description | +| :------------------------------ | :----------------------------------------- | +| `Field(&class::field, m)` | `argument.field` (or `argument->field` when `argument` is a plain pointer) matches matcher `m`, where `argument` is an object of type _class_. | +| `Key(e)` | `argument.first` matches `e`, which can be either a value or a matcher. E.g. `Contains(Key(Le(5)))` can verify that a `map` contains a key `<= 5`. | +| `Pair(m1, m2)` | `argument` is an `std::pair` whose `first` field matches `m1` and `second` field matches `m2`. | +| `Property(&class::property, m)` | `argument.property()` (or `argument->property()` when `argument` is a plain pointer) matches matcher `m`, where `argument` is an object of type _class_. | + + +#### Matching the Result of a Function, Functor, or Callback + + +| Matcher | Description | +| :--------------- | :------------------------------------------------ | +| `ResultOf(f, m)` | `f(argument)` matches matcher `m`, where `f` is a function or functor. | + + +#### Pointer Matchers + + +| Matcher | Description | +| :------------------------ | :---------------------------------------------- | +| `Pointee(m)` | `argument` (either a smart pointer or a raw pointer) points to a value that matches matcher `m`. | +| `WhenDynamicCastTo(m)` | when `argument` is passed through `dynamic_cast()`, it matches matcher `m`. | + + + + + + +#### Multi-argument Matchers {#MultiArgMatchers} + +Technically, all matchers match a *single* value. A "multi-argument" matcher is +just one that matches a *tuple*. The following matchers can be used to match a +tuple `(x, y)`: + +Matcher | Description +:------ | :---------- +`Eq()` | `x == y` +`Ge()` | `x >= y` +`Gt()` | `x > y` +`Le()` | `x <= y` +`Lt()` | `x < y` +`Ne()` | `x != y` + +You can use the following selectors to pick a subset of the arguments (or +reorder them) to participate in the matching: + + +| Matcher | Description | +| :------------------------- | :---------------------------------------------- | +| `AllArgs(m)` | Equivalent to `m`. Useful as syntactic sugar in `.With(AllArgs(m))`. | +| `Args(m)` | The tuple of the `k` selected (using 0-based indices) arguments matches `m`, e.g. `Args<1, 2>(Eq())`. | + + +#### Composite Matchers + +You can make a matcher from one or more other matchers: + + +| Matcher | Description | +| :------------------------------- | :-------------------------------------- | +| `AllOf(m1, m2, ..., mn)` | `argument` matches all of the matchers `m1` to `mn`. | +| `AllOfArray({m0, m1, ..., mn})`, `AllOfArray(a_container)`, `AllOfArray(begin, end)`, `AllOfArray(array)`, or `AllOfArray(array, count)` | The same as `AllOf()` except that the matchers come from an initializer list, STL-style container, iterator range, or C-style array. | +| `AnyOf(m1, m2, ..., mn)` | `argument` matches at least one of the matchers `m1` to `mn`. | +| `AnyOfArray({m0, m1, ..., mn})`, `AnyOfArray(a_container)`, `AnyOfArray(begin, end)`, `AnyOfArray(array)`, or `AnyOfArray(array, count)` | The same as `AnyOf()` except that the matchers come from an initializer list, STL-style container, iterator range, or C-style array. | +| `Not(m)` | `argument` doesn't match matcher `m`. | + + + + +#### Adapters for Matchers + + +| Matcher | Description | +| :---------------------- | :------------------------------------ | +| `MatcherCast(m)` | casts matcher `m` to type `Matcher`. | +| `SafeMatcherCast(m)` | [safely casts](cook_book.md#casting-matchers) matcher `m` to type `Matcher`. | +| `Truly(predicate)` | `predicate(argument)` returns something considered by C++ to be true, where `predicate` is a function or functor. | + + +`AddressSatisfies(callback)` and `Truly(callback)` take ownership of `callback`, +which must be a permanent callback. + +#### Using Matchers as Predicates {#MatchersAsPredicatesCheat} + + +| Matcher | Description | +| :---------------------------- | :------------------------------------------ | +| `Matches(m)(value)` | evaluates to `true` if `value` matches `m`. You can use `Matches(m)` alone as a unary functor. | +| `ExplainMatchResult(m, value, result_listener)` | evaluates to `true` if `value` matches `m`, explaining the result to `result_listener`. | +| `Value(value, m)` | evaluates to `true` if `value` matches `m`. | + + +#### Defining Matchers + + +| Matcher | Description | +| :----------------------------------- | :------------------------------------ | +| `MATCHER(IsEven, "") { return (arg % 2) == 0; }` | Defines a matcher `IsEven()` to match an even number. | +| `MATCHER_P(IsDivisibleBy, n, "") { *result_listener << "where the remainder is " << (arg % n); return (arg % n) == 0; }` | Defines a macher `IsDivisibleBy(n)` to match a number divisible by `n`. | +| `MATCHER_P2(IsBetween, a, b, std::string(negation ? "isn't" : "is") + " between " + PrintToString(a) + " and " + PrintToString(b)) { return a <= arg && arg <= b; }` | Defines a matcher `IsBetween(a, b)` to match a value in the range [`a`, `b`]. | + + +**Notes:** + +1. The `MATCHER*` macros cannot be used inside a function or class. +2. The matcher body must be *purely functional* (i.e. it cannot have any side + effect, and the result must not depend on anything other than the value + being matched and the matcher parameters). +3. You can use `PrintToString(x)` to convert a value `x` of any type to a + string. + +### Actions {#ActionList} + +**Actions** specify what a mock function should do when invoked. + +#### Returning a Value + + +| | | +| :-------------------------- | :-------------------------------------------- | +| `Return()` | Return from a `void` mock function. | +| `Return(value)` | Return `value`. If the type of `value` is different to the mock function's return type, `value` is converted to the latter type at the time the expectation is set, not when the action is executed. | +| `ReturnArg()` | Return the `N`-th (0-based) argument. | +| `ReturnNew(a1, ..., ak)` | Return `new T(a1, ..., ak)`; a different object is created each time. | +| `ReturnNull()` | Return a null pointer. | +| `ReturnPointee(ptr)` | Return the value pointed to by `ptr`. | +| `ReturnRef(variable)` | Return a reference to `variable`. | +| `ReturnRefOfCopy(value)` | Return a reference to a copy of `value`; the copy lives as long as the action. | + + +#### Side Effects + + +| | | +| :--------------------------------- | :-------------------------------------- | +| `Assign(&variable, value)` | Assign `value` to variable. | +| `DeleteArg()` | Delete the `N`-th (0-based) argument, which must be a pointer. | +| `SaveArg(pointer)` | Save the `N`-th (0-based) argument to `*pointer`. | +| `SaveArgPointee(pointer)` | Save the value pointed to by the `N`-th (0-based) argument to `*pointer`. | +| `SetArgReferee(value)` | Assign value to the variable referenced by the `N`-th (0-based) argument. | +| `SetArgPointee(value)` | Assign `value` to the variable pointed by the `N`-th (0-based) argument. | +| `SetArgumentPointee(value)` | Same as `SetArgPointee(value)`. Deprecated. Will be removed in v1.7.0. | +| `SetArrayArgument(first, last)` | Copies the elements in source range [`first`, `last`) to the array pointed to by the `N`-th (0-based) argument, which can be either a pointer or an iterator. The action does not take ownership of the elements in the source range. | +| `SetErrnoAndReturn(error, value)` | Set `errno` to `error` and return `value`. | +| `Throw(exception)` | Throws the given exception, which can be any copyable value. Available since v1.1.0. | + + +#### Using a Function, Functor, or Lambda as an Action + +In the following, by "callable" we mean a free function, `std::function`, +functor, or lambda. + + +| | | +| :---------------------------------- | :------------------------------------- | +| `f` | Invoke f with the arguments passed to the mock function, where f is a callable. | +| `Invoke(f)` | Invoke `f` with the arguments passed to the mock function, where `f` can be a global/static function or a functor. | +| `Invoke(object_pointer, &class::method)` | Invoke the method on the object with the arguments passed to the mock function. | +| `InvokeWithoutArgs(f)` | Invoke `f`, which can be a global/static function or a functor. `f` must take no arguments. | +| `InvokeWithoutArgs(object_pointer, &class::method)` | Invoke the method on the object, which takes no arguments. | +| `InvokeArgument(arg1, arg2, ..., argk)` | Invoke the mock function's `N`-th (0-based) argument, which must be a function or a functor, with the `k` arguments. | + + +The return value of the invoked function is used as the return value of the +action. + +When defining a callable to be used with `Invoke*()`, you can declare any unused +parameters as `Unused`: + +```cpp +using ::testing::Invoke; +double Distance(Unused, double x, double y) { return sqrt(x*x + y*y); } +... +EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo("Hi", _, _)).WillOnce(Invoke(Distance)); +``` + +`Invoke(callback)` and `InvokeWithoutArgs(callback)` take ownership of +`callback`, which must be permanent. The type of `callback` must be a base +callback type instead of a derived one, e.g. + +```cpp + BlockingClosure* done = new BlockingClosure; + ... Invoke(done) ...; // This won't compile! + + Closure* done2 = new BlockingClosure; + ... Invoke(done2) ...; // This works. +``` + +In `InvokeArgument(...)`, if an argument needs to be passed by reference, +wrap it inside `ByRef()`. For example, + +```cpp +using ::testing::ByRef; +using ::testing::InvokeArgument; +... +InvokeArgument<2>(5, string("Hi"), ByRef(foo)) +``` + +calls the mock function's #2 argument, passing to it `5` and `string("Hi")` by +value, and `foo` by reference. + +#### Default Action + + +| Matcher | Description | +| :------------ | :----------------------------------------------------- | +| `DoDefault()` | Do the default action (specified by `ON_CALL()` or the built-in one). | + + +**Note:** due to technical reasons, `DoDefault()` cannot be used inside a +composite action - trying to do so will result in a run-time error. + + + +#### Composite Actions + + +| | | +| :----------------------------- | :------------------------------------------ | +| `DoAll(a1, a2, ..., an)` | Do all actions `a1` to `an` and return the result of `an` in each invocation. The first `n - 1` sub-actions must return void. | +| `IgnoreResult(a)` | Perform action `a` and ignore its result. `a` must not return void. | +| `WithArg(a)` | Pass the `N`-th (0-based) argument of the mock function to action `a` and perform it. | +| `WithArgs(a)` | Pass the selected (0-based) arguments of the mock function to action `a` and perform it. | +| `WithoutArgs(a)` | Perform action `a` without any arguments. | + + +#### Defining Actions + + + + + + + +
`struct SumAction {`
+  `template `
+  `T operator()(T x, Ty) { return x + y; }`
+ `};` + 		Defines a generic functor that can be used as an action summing its + arguments.
+ + +| | | +| :--------------------------------- | :-------------------------------------- | +| `ACTION(Sum) { return arg0 + arg1; }` | Defines an action `Sum()` to return the sum of the mock function's argument #0 and #1. | +| `ACTION_P(Plus, n) { return arg0 + n; }` | Defines an action `Plus(n)` to return the sum of the mock function's argument #0 and `n`. | +| `ACTION_Pk(Foo, p1, ..., pk) { statements; }` | Defines a parameterized action `Foo(p1, ..., pk)` to execute the given `statements`. | + + +The `ACTION*` macros cannot be used inside a function or class. + +### Cardinalities {#CardinalityList} + +These are used in `Times()` to specify how many times a mock function will be +called: + + +| | | +| :---------------- | :----------------------------------------------------- | +| `AnyNumber()` | The function can be called any number of times. | +| `AtLeast(n)` | The call is expected at least `n` times. | +| `AtMost(n)` | The call is expected at most `n` times. | +| `Between(m, n)` | The call is expected between `m` and `n` (inclusive) times. | +| `Exactly(n) or n` | The call is expected exactly `n` times. In particular, the call should never happen when `n` is 0. | + + +### Expectation Order + +By default, the expectations can be matched in *any* order. If some or all +expectations must be matched in a given order, there are two ways to specify it. +They can be used either independently or together. + +#### The After Clause {#AfterClause} + +```cpp +using ::testing::Expectation; +... +Expectation init_x = EXPECT_CALL(foo, InitX()); +Expectation init_y = EXPECT_CALL(foo, InitY()); +EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar()) + .After(init_x, init_y); +``` + +says that `Bar()` can be called only after both `InitX()` and `InitY()` have +been called. + +If you don't know how many pre-requisites an expectation has when you write it, +you can use an `ExpectationSet` to collect them: + +```cpp +using ::testing::ExpectationSet; +... +ExpectationSet all_inits; +for (int i = 0; i < element_count; i++) { + all_inits += EXPECT_CALL(foo, InitElement(i)); +} +EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar()) + .After(all_inits); +``` + +says that `Bar()` can be called only after all elements have been initialized +(but we don't care about which elements get initialized before the others). + +Modifying an `ExpectationSet` after using it in an `.After()` doesn't affect the +meaning of the `.After()`. + +#### Sequences {#UsingSequences} + +When you have a long chain of sequential expectations, it's easier to specify +the order using **sequences**, which don't require you to given each expectation +in the chain a different name. *All expected calls* in the same sequence must +occur in the order they are specified. + +```cpp +using ::testing::Return; +using ::testing::Sequence; +Sequence s1, s2; +... +EXPECT_CALL(foo, Reset()) + .InSequence(s1, s2) + .WillOnce(Return(true)); +EXPECT_CALL(foo, GetSize()) + .InSequence(s1) + .WillOnce(Return(1)); +EXPECT_CALL(foo, Describe(A())) + .InSequence(s2) + .WillOnce(Return("dummy")); +``` + +says that `Reset()` must be called before *both* `GetSize()` *and* `Describe()`, +and the latter two can occur in any order. + +To put many expectations in a sequence conveniently: + +```cpp +using ::testing::InSequence; +{ + InSequence seq; + + EXPECT_CALL(...)...; + EXPECT_CALL(...)...; + ... + EXPECT_CALL(...)...; +} +``` + +says that all expected calls in the scope of `seq` must occur in strict order. +The name `seq` is irrelevant. + +### Verifying and Resetting a Mock + +gMock will verify the expectations on a mock object when it is destructed, or +you can do it earlier: + +```cpp +using ::testing::Mock; +... +// Verifies and removes the expectations on mock_obj; +// returns true if and only if successful. +Mock::VerifyAndClearExpectations(&mock_obj); +... +// Verifies and removes the expectations on mock_obj; +// also removes the default actions set by ON_CALL(); +// returns true if and only if successful. +Mock::VerifyAndClear(&mock_obj); +``` + +You can also tell gMock that a mock object can be leaked and doesn't need to be +verified: + +```cpp +Mock::AllowLeak(&mock_obj); +``` + +### Mock Classes + +gMock defines a convenient mock class template + +```cpp +class MockFunction { + public: + MOCK_METHOD(R, Call, (A1, ..., An)); +}; +``` + +See this [recipe](cook_book.md#using-check-points) for one application of it. + +### Flags + + +| Flag | Description | +| :----------------------------- | :---------------------------------------- | +| `--gmock_catch_leaked_mocks=0` | Don't report leaked mock objects as failures. | +| `--gmock_verbose=LEVEL` | Sets the default verbosity level (`info`, `warning`, or `error`) of Google Mock messages. | + diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/cook_book.md b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/cook_book.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ea55ab3 --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/cook_book.md @@ -0,0 +1,4270 @@ +# gMock Cookbook + + + +You can find recipes for using gMock here. If you haven't yet, please read +[this](for_dummies.md) first to make sure you understand the basics. + +**Note:** gMock lives in the `testing` name space. For readability, it is +recommended to write `using ::testing::Foo;` once in your file before using the +name `Foo` defined by gMock. We omit such `using` statements in this section for +brevity, but you should do it in your own code. + +## Creating Mock Classes + +Mock classes are defined as normal classes, using the `MOCK_METHOD` macro to +generate mocked methods. The macro gets 3 or 4 parameters: + +```cpp +class MyMock { + public: + MOCK_METHOD(ReturnType, MethodName, (Args...)); + MOCK_METHOD(ReturnType, MethodName, (Args...), (Specs...)); +}; +``` + +The first 3 parameters are simply the method declaration, split into 3 parts. +The 4th parameter accepts a closed list of qualifiers, which affect the +generated method: + +* **`const`** - Makes the mocked method a `const` method. Required if + overriding a `const` method. +* **`override`** - Marks the method with `override`. Recommended if overriding + a `virtual` method. +* **`noexcept`** - Marks the method with `noexcept`. Required if overriding a + `noexcept` method. +* **`Calltype(...)`** - Sets the call type for the method (e.g. to + `STDMETHODCALLTYPE`), useful in Windows. + +### Dealing with unprotected commas + +Unprotected commas, i.e. commas which are not surrounded by parentheses, prevent +`MOCK_METHOD` from parsing its arguments correctly: + +```cpp {.bad} +class MockFoo { + public: + MOCK_METHOD(std::pair, GetPair, ()); // Won't compile! + MOCK_METHOD(bool, CheckMap, (std::map, bool)); // Won't compile! +}; +``` + +Solution 1 - wrap with parentheses: + +```cpp {.good} +class MockFoo { + public: + MOCK_METHOD((std::pair), GetPair, ()); + MOCK_METHOD(bool, CheckMap, ((std::map), bool)); +}; +``` + +Note that wrapping a return or argument type with parentheses is, in general, +invalid C++. `MOCK_METHOD` removes the parentheses. + +Solution 2 - define an alias: + +```cpp {.good} +class MockFoo { + public: + using BoolAndInt = std::pair; + MOCK_METHOD(BoolAndInt, GetPair, ()); + using MapIntDouble = std::map; + MOCK_METHOD(bool, CheckMap, (MapIntDouble, bool)); +}; +``` + +### Mocking Private or Protected Methods + +You must always put a mock method definition (`MOCK_METHOD`) in a `public:` +section of the mock class, regardless of the method being mocked being `public`, +`protected`, or `private` in the base class. This allows `ON_CALL` and +`EXPECT_CALL` to reference the mock function from outside of the mock class. +(Yes, C++ allows a subclass to change the access level of a virtual function in +the base class.) Example: + +```cpp +class Foo { + public: + ... + virtual bool Transform(Gadget* g) = 0; + + protected: + virtual void Resume(); + + private: + virtual int GetTimeOut(); +}; + +class MockFoo : public Foo { + public: + ... + MOCK_METHOD(bool, Transform, (Gadget* g), (override)); + + // The following must be in the public section, even though the + // methods are protected or private in the base class. + MOCK_METHOD(void, Resume, (), (override)); + MOCK_METHOD(int, GetTimeOut, (), (override)); +}; +``` + +### Mocking Overloaded Methods + +You can mock overloaded functions as usual. No special attention is required: + +```cpp +class Foo { + ... + + // Must be virtual as we'll inherit from Foo. + virtual ~Foo(); + + // Overloaded on the types and/or numbers of arguments. + virtual int Add(Element x); + virtual int Add(int times, Element x); + + // Overloaded on the const-ness of this object. + virtual Bar& GetBar(); + virtual const Bar& GetBar() const; +}; + +class MockFoo : public Foo { + ... + MOCK_METHOD(int, Add, (Element x), (override)); + MOCK_METHOD(int, Add, (int times, Element x), (override)); + + MOCK_METHOD(Bar&, GetBar, (), (override)); + MOCK_METHOD(const Bar&, GetBar, (), (const, override)); +}; +``` + +**Note:** if you don't mock all versions of the overloaded method, the compiler +will give you a warning about some methods in the base class being hidden. To +fix that, use `using` to bring them in scope: + +```cpp +class MockFoo : public Foo { + ... + using Foo::Add; + MOCK_METHOD(int, Add, (Element x), (override)); + // We don't want to mock int Add(int times, Element x); + ... +}; +``` + +### Mocking Class Templates + +You can mock class templates just like any class. + +```cpp +template +class StackInterface { + ... + // Must be virtual as we'll inherit from StackInterface. + virtual ~StackInterface(); + + virtual int GetSize() const = 0; + virtual void Push(const Elem& x) = 0; +}; + +template +class MockStack : public StackInterface { + ... + MOCK_METHOD(int, GetSize, (), (override)); + MOCK_METHOD(void, Push, (const Elem& x), (override)); +}; +``` + +### Mocking Non-virtual Methods {#MockingNonVirtualMethods} + +gMock can mock non-virtual functions to be used in Hi-perf dependency +injection. + +In this case, instead of sharing a common base class with the real class, your +mock class will be *unrelated* to the real class, but contain methods with the +same signatures. The syntax for mocking non-virtual methods is the *same* as +mocking virtual methods (just don't add `override`): + +```cpp +// A simple packet stream class. None of its members is virtual. +class ConcretePacketStream { + public: + void AppendPacket(Packet* new_packet); + const Packet* GetPacket(size_t packet_number) const; + size_t NumberOfPackets() const; + ... +}; + +// A mock packet stream class. It inherits from no other, but defines +// GetPacket() and NumberOfPackets(). +class MockPacketStream { + public: + MOCK_METHOD(const Packet*, GetPacket, (size_t packet_number), (const)); + MOCK_METHOD(size_t, NumberOfPackets, (), (const)); + ... +}; +``` + +Note that the mock class doesn't define `AppendPacket()`, unlike the real class. +That's fine as long as the test doesn't need to call it. + +Next, you need a way to say that you want to use `ConcretePacketStream` in +production code, and use `MockPacketStream` in tests. Since the functions are +not virtual and the two classes are unrelated, you must specify your choice at +*compile time* (as opposed to run time). + +One way to do it is to templatize your code that needs to use a packet stream. +More specifically, you will give your code a template type argument for the type +of the packet stream. In production, you will instantiate your template with +`ConcretePacketStream` as the type argument. In tests, you will instantiate the +same template with `MockPacketStream`. For example, you may write: + +```cpp +template +void CreateConnection(PacketStream* stream) { ... } + +template +class PacketReader { + public: + void ReadPackets(PacketStream* stream, size_t packet_num); +}; +``` + +Then you can use `CreateConnection()` and +`PacketReader` in production code, and use +`CreateConnection()` and `PacketReader` in +tests. + +```cpp + MockPacketStream mock_stream; + EXPECT_CALL(mock_stream, ...)...; + .. set more expectations on mock_stream ... + PacketReader reader(&mock_stream); + ... exercise reader ... +``` + +### Mocking Free Functions + +It's possible to use gMock to mock a free function (i.e. a C-style function or a +static method). You just need to rewrite your code to use an interface (abstract +class). + +Instead of calling a free function (say, `OpenFile`) directly, introduce an +interface for it and have a concrete subclass that calls the free function: + +```cpp +class FileInterface { + public: + ... + virtual bool Open(const char* path, const char* mode) = 0; +}; + +class File : public FileInterface { + public: + ... + virtual bool Open(const char* path, const char* mode) { + return OpenFile(path, mode); + } +}; +``` + +Your code should talk to `FileInterface` to open a file. Now it's easy to mock +out the function. + +This may seem like a lot of hassle, but in practice you often have multiple +related functions that you can put in the same interface, so the per-function +syntactic overhead will be much lower. + +If you are concerned about the performance overhead incurred by virtual +functions, and profiling confirms your concern, you can combine this with the +recipe for [mocking non-virtual methods](#MockingNonVirtualMethods). + +### Old-Style `MOCK_METHODn` Macros + +Before the generic `MOCK_METHOD` macro was introduced, mocks where created using +a family of macros collectively called `MOCK_METHODn`. These macros are still +supported, though migration to the new `MOCK_METHOD` is recommended. + +The macros in the `MOCK_METHODn` family differ from `MOCK_METHOD`: + +* The general structure is `MOCK_METHODn(MethodName, ReturnType(Args))`, + instead of `MOCK_METHOD(ReturnType, MethodName, (Args))`. +* The number `n` must equal the number of arguments. +* When mocking a const method, one must use `MOCK_CONST_METHODn`. +* When mocking a class template, the macro name must be suffixed with `_T`. +* In order to specify the call type, the macro name must be suffixed with + `_WITH_CALLTYPE`, and the call type is the first macro argument. + +Old macros and their new equivalents: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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+ +### The Nice, the Strict, and the Naggy {#NiceStrictNaggy} + +If a mock method has no `EXPECT_CALL` spec but is called, we say that it's an +"uninteresting call", and the default action (which can be specified using +`ON_CALL()`) of the method will be taken. Currently, an uninteresting call will +also by default cause gMock to print a warning. (In the future, we might remove +this warning by default.) + +However, sometimes you may want to ignore these uninteresting calls, and +sometimes you may want to treat them as errors. gMock lets you make the decision +on a per-mock-object basis. + +Suppose your test uses a mock class `MockFoo`: + +```cpp +TEST(...) { + MockFoo mock_foo; + EXPECT_CALL(mock_foo, DoThis()); + ... code that uses mock_foo ... +} +``` + +If a method of `mock_foo` other than `DoThis()` is called, you will get a +warning. However, if you rewrite your test to use `NiceMock` instead, +you can suppress the warning: + +```cpp +using ::testing::NiceMock; + +TEST(...) { + NiceMock mock_foo; + EXPECT_CALL(mock_foo, DoThis()); + ... code that uses mock_foo ... +} +``` + +`NiceMock` is a subclass of `MockFoo`, so it can be used wherever +`MockFoo` is accepted. + +It also works if `MockFoo`'s constructor takes some arguments, as +`NiceMock` "inherits" `MockFoo`'s constructors: + +```cpp +using ::testing::NiceMock; + +TEST(...) { + NiceMock mock_foo(5, "hi"); // Calls MockFoo(5, "hi"). + EXPECT_CALL(mock_foo, DoThis()); + ... code that uses mock_foo ... +} +``` + +The usage of `StrictMock` is similar, except that it makes all uninteresting +calls failures: + +```cpp +using ::testing::StrictMock; + +TEST(...) { + StrictMock mock_foo; + EXPECT_CALL(mock_foo, DoThis()); + ... code that uses mock_foo ... + + // The test will fail if a method of mock_foo other than DoThis() + // is called. +} +``` + +NOTE: `NiceMock` and `StrictMock` only affects *uninteresting* calls (calls of +*methods* with no expectations); they do not affect *unexpected* calls (calls of +methods with expectations, but they don't match). See +[Understanding Uninteresting vs Unexpected Calls](#uninteresting-vs-unexpected). + +There are some caveats though (I dislike them just as much as the next guy, but +sadly they are side effects of C++'s limitations): + +1. `NiceMock` and `StrictMock` only work for mock methods + defined using the `MOCK_METHOD` macro **directly** in the `MockFoo` class. + If a mock method is defined in a **base class** of `MockFoo`, the "nice" or + "strict" modifier may not affect it, depending on the compiler. In + particular, nesting `NiceMock` and `StrictMock` (e.g. + `NiceMock >`) is **not** supported. +2. `NiceMock` and `StrictMock` may not work correctly if the + destructor of `MockFoo` is not virtual. We would like to fix this, but it + requires cleaning up existing tests. http://b/28934720 tracks the issue. +3. During the constructor or destructor of `MockFoo`, the mock object is *not* + nice or strict. This may cause surprises if the constructor or destructor + calls a mock method on `this` object. (This behavior, however, is consistent + with C++'s general rule: if a constructor or destructor calls a virtual + method of `this` object, that method is treated as non-virtual. In other + words, to the base class's constructor or destructor, `this` object behaves + like an instance of the base class, not the derived class. This rule is + required for safety. Otherwise a base constructor may use members of a + derived class before they are initialized, or a base destructor may use + members of a derived class after they have been destroyed.) + +Finally, you should be **very cautious** about when to use naggy or strict +mocks, as they tend to make tests more brittle and harder to maintain. When you +refactor your code without changing its externally visible behavior, ideally you +shouldn't need to update any tests. If your code interacts with a naggy mock, +however, you may start to get spammed with warnings as the result of your +change. Worse, if your code interacts with a strict mock, your tests may start +to fail and you'll be forced to fix them. Our general recommendation is to use +nice mocks (not yet the default) most of the time, use naggy mocks (the current +default) when developing or debugging tests, and use strict mocks only as the +last resort. + +### Simplifying the Interface without Breaking Existing Code {#SimplerInterfaces} + +Sometimes a method has a long list of arguments that is mostly uninteresting. +For example: + +```cpp +class LogSink { + public: + ... + virtual void send(LogSeverity severity, const char* full_filename, + const char* base_filename, int line, + const struct tm* tm_time, + const char* message, size_t message_len) = 0; +}; +``` + +This method's argument list is lengthy and hard to work with (the `message` +argument is not even 0-terminated). If we mock it as is, using the mock will be +awkward. If, however, we try to simplify this interface, we'll need to fix all +clients depending on it, which is often infeasible. + +The trick is to redispatch the method in the mock class: + +```cpp +class ScopedMockLog : public LogSink { + public: + ... + virtual void send(LogSeverity severity, const char* full_filename, + const char* base_filename, int line, const tm* tm_time, + const char* message, size_t message_len) { + // We are only interested in the log severity, full file name, and + // log message. + Log(severity, full_filename, std::string(message, message_len)); + } + + // Implements the mock method: + // + // void Log(LogSeverity severity, + // const string& file_path, + // const string& message); + MOCK_METHOD(void, Log, + (LogSeverity severity, const string& file_path, + const string& message)); +}; +``` + +By defining a new mock method with a trimmed argument list, we make the mock +class more user-friendly. + +This technique may also be applied to make overloaded methods more amenable to +mocking. For example, when overloads have been used to implement default +arguments: + +```cpp +class MockTurtleFactory : public TurtleFactory { + public: + Turtle* MakeTurtle(int length, int weight) override { ... } + Turtle* MakeTurtle(int length, int weight, int speed) override { ... } + + // the above methods delegate to this one: + MOCK_METHOD(Turtle*, DoMakeTurtle, ()); +}; +``` + +This allows tests that don't care which overload was invoked to avoid specifying +argument matchers: + +```cpp +ON_CALL(factory, DoMakeTurtle) + .WillByDefault(MakeMockTurtle()); +``` + +### Alternative to Mocking Concrete Classes + +Often you may find yourself using classes that don't implement interfaces. In +order to test your code that uses such a class (let's call it `Concrete`), you +may be tempted to make the methods of `Concrete` virtual and then mock it. + +Try not to do that. + +Making a non-virtual function virtual is a big decision. It creates an extension +point where subclasses can tweak your class' behavior. This weakens your control +on the class because now it's harder to maintain the class invariants. You +should make a function virtual only when there is a valid reason for a subclass +to override it. + +Mocking concrete classes directly is problematic as it creates a tight coupling +between the class and the tests - any small change in the class may invalidate +your tests and make test maintenance a pain. + +To avoid such problems, many programmers have been practicing "coding to +interfaces": instead of talking to the `Concrete` class, your code would define +an interface and talk to it. Then you implement that interface as an adaptor on +top of `Concrete`. In tests, you can easily mock that interface to observe how +your code is doing. + +This technique incurs some overhead: + +* You pay the cost of virtual function calls (usually not a problem). +* There is more abstraction for the programmers to learn. + +However, it can also bring significant benefits in addition to better +testability: + +* `Concrete`'s API may not fit your problem domain very well, as you may not + be the only client it tries to serve. By designing your own interface, you + have a chance to tailor it to your need - you may add higher-level + functionalities, rename stuff, etc instead of just trimming the class. This + allows you to write your code (user of the interface) in a more natural way, + which means it will be more readable, more maintainable, and you'll be more + productive. +* If `Concrete`'s implementation ever has to change, you don't have to rewrite + everywhere it is used. Instead, you can absorb the change in your + implementation of the interface, and your other code and tests will be + insulated from this change. + +Some people worry that if everyone is practicing this technique, they will end +up writing lots of redundant code. This concern is totally understandable. +However, there are two reasons why it may not be the case: + +* Different projects may need to use `Concrete` in different ways, so the best + interfaces for them will be different. Therefore, each of them will have its + own domain-specific interface on top of `Concrete`, and they will not be the + same code. +* If enough projects want to use the same interface, they can always share it, + just like they have been sharing `Concrete`. You can check in the interface + and the adaptor somewhere near `Concrete` (perhaps in a `contrib` + sub-directory) and let many projects use it. + +You need to weigh the pros and cons carefully for your particular problem, but +I'd like to assure you that the Java community has been practicing this for a +long time and it's a proven effective technique applicable in a wide variety of +situations. :-) + +### Delegating Calls to a Fake {#DelegatingToFake} + +Some times you have a non-trivial fake implementation of an interface. For +example: + +```cpp +class Foo { + public: + virtual ~Foo() {} + virtual char DoThis(int n) = 0; + virtual void DoThat(const char* s, int* p) = 0; +}; + +class FakeFoo : public Foo { + public: + char DoThis(int n) override { + return (n > 0) ? '+' : + (n < 0) ? '-' : '0'; + } + + void DoThat(const char* s, int* p) override { + *p = strlen(s); + } +}; +``` + +Now you want to mock this interface such that you can set expectations on it. +However, you also want to use `FakeFoo` for the default behavior, as duplicating +it in the mock object is, well, a lot of work. + +When you define the mock class using gMock, you can have it delegate its default +action to a fake class you already have, using this pattern: + +```cpp +class MockFoo : public Foo { + public: + // Normal mock method definitions using gMock. + MOCK_METHOD(char, DoThis, (int n), (override)); + MOCK_METHOD(void, DoThat, (const char* s, int* p), (override)); + + // Delegates the default actions of the methods to a FakeFoo object. + // This must be called *before* the custom ON_CALL() statements. + void DelegateToFake() { + ON_CALL(*this, DoThis).WillByDefault([this](int n) { + return fake_.DoThis(n); + }); + ON_CALL(*this, DoThat).WillByDefault([this](const char* s, int* p) { + fake_.DoThat(s, p); + }); + } + + private: + FakeFoo fake_; // Keeps an instance of the fake in the mock. +}; +``` + +With that, you can use `MockFoo` in your tests as usual. Just remember that if +you don't explicitly set an action in an `ON_CALL()` or `EXPECT_CALL()`, the +fake will be called upon to do it.: + +```cpp +using ::testing::_; + +TEST(AbcTest, Xyz) { + MockFoo foo; + + foo.DelegateToFake(); // Enables the fake for delegation. + + // Put your ON_CALL(foo, ...)s here, if any. + + // No action specified, meaning to use the default action. + EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(5)); + EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThat(_, _)); + + int n = 0; + EXPECT_EQ('+', foo.DoThis(5)); // FakeFoo::DoThis() is invoked. + foo.DoThat("Hi", &n); // FakeFoo::DoThat() is invoked. + EXPECT_EQ(2, n); +} +``` + +**Some tips:** + +* If you want, you can still override the default action by providing your own + `ON_CALL()` or using `.WillOnce()` / `.WillRepeatedly()` in `EXPECT_CALL()`. +* In `DelegateToFake()`, you only need to delegate the methods whose fake + implementation you intend to use. + +* The general technique discussed here works for overloaded methods, but + you'll need to tell the compiler which version you mean. To disambiguate a + mock function (the one you specify inside the parentheses of `ON_CALL()`), + use [this technique](#SelectOverload); to disambiguate a fake function (the + one you place inside `Invoke()`), use a `static_cast` to specify the + function's type. For instance, if class `Foo` has methods `char DoThis(int + n)` and `bool DoThis(double x) const`, and you want to invoke the latter, + you need to write `Invoke(&fake_, static_cast(&FakeFoo::DoThis))` instead of `Invoke(&fake_, &FakeFoo::DoThis)` + (The strange-looking thing inside the angled brackets of `static_cast` is + the type of a function pointer to the second `DoThis()` method.). + +* Having to mix a mock and a fake is often a sign of something gone wrong. + Perhaps you haven't got used to the interaction-based way of testing yet. Or + perhaps your interface is taking on too many roles and should be split up. + Therefore, **don't abuse this**. We would only recommend to do it as an + intermediate step when you are refactoring your code. + +Regarding the tip on mixing a mock and a fake, here's an example on why it may +be a bad sign: Suppose you have a class `System` for low-level system +operations. In particular, it does file and I/O operations. And suppose you want +to test how your code uses `System` to do I/O, and you just want the file +operations to work normally. If you mock out the entire `System` class, you'll +have to provide a fake implementation for the file operation part, which +suggests that `System` is taking on too many roles. + +Instead, you can define a `FileOps` interface and an `IOOps` interface and split +`System`'s functionalities into the two. Then you can mock `IOOps` without +mocking `FileOps`. + +### Delegating Calls to a Real Object + +When using testing doubles (mocks, fakes, stubs, and etc), sometimes their +behaviors will differ from those of the real objects. This difference could be +either intentional (as in simulating an error such that you can test the error +handling code) or unintentional. If your mocks have different behaviors than the +real objects by mistake, you could end up with code that passes the tests but +fails in production. + +You can use the *delegating-to-real* technique to ensure that your mock has the +same behavior as the real object while retaining the ability to validate calls. +This technique is very similar to the [delegating-to-fake](#DelegatingToFake) +technique, the difference being that we use a real object instead of a fake. +Here's an example: + +```cpp +using ::testing::AtLeast; + +class MockFoo : public Foo { + public: + MockFoo() { + // By default, all calls are delegated to the real object. + ON_CALL(*this, DoThis).WillByDefault([this](int n) { + return real_.DoThis(n); + }); + ON_CALL(*this, DoThat).WillByDefault([this](const char* s, int* p) { + real_.DoThat(s, p); + }); + ... + } + MOCK_METHOD(char, DoThis, ...); + MOCK_METHOD(void, DoThat, ...); + ... + private: + Foo real_; +}; + +... + MockFoo mock; + EXPECT_CALL(mock, DoThis()) + .Times(3); + EXPECT_CALL(mock, DoThat("Hi")) + .Times(AtLeast(1)); + ... use mock in test ... +``` + +With this, gMock will verify that your code made the right calls (with the right +arguments, in the right order, called the right number of times, etc), and a +real object will answer the calls (so the behavior will be the same as in +production). This gives you the best of both worlds. + +### Delegating Calls to a Parent Class + +Ideally, you should code to interfaces, whose methods are all pure virtual. In +reality, sometimes you do need to mock a virtual method that is not pure (i.e, +it already has an implementation). For example: + +```cpp +class Foo { + public: + virtual ~Foo(); + + virtual void Pure(int n) = 0; + virtual int Concrete(const char* str) { ... } +}; + +class MockFoo : public Foo { + public: + // Mocking a pure method. + MOCK_METHOD(void, Pure, (int n), (override)); + // Mocking a concrete method. Foo::Concrete() is shadowed. + MOCK_METHOD(int, Concrete, (const char* str), (override)); +}; +``` + +Sometimes you may want to call `Foo::Concrete()` instead of +`MockFoo::Concrete()`. Perhaps you want to do it as part of a stub action, or +perhaps your test doesn't need to mock `Concrete()` at all (but it would be +oh-so painful to have to define a new mock class whenever you don't need to mock +one of its methods). + +The trick is to leave a back door in your mock class for accessing the real +methods in the base class: + +```cpp +class MockFoo : public Foo { + public: + // Mocking a pure method. + MOCK_METHOD(void, Pure, (int n), (override)); + // Mocking a concrete method. Foo::Concrete() is shadowed. + MOCK_METHOD(int, Concrete, (const char* str), (override)); + + // Use this to call Concrete() defined in Foo. + int FooConcrete(const char* str) { return Foo::Concrete(str); } +}; +``` + +Now, you can call `Foo::Concrete()` inside an action by: + +```cpp +... + EXPECT_CALL(foo, Concrete).WillOnce([&foo](const char* str) { + return foo.FooConcrete(str); + }); +``` + +or tell the mock object that you don't want to mock `Concrete()`: + +```cpp +... + ON_CALL(foo, Concrete).WillByDefault([&foo](const char* str) { + return foo.FooConcrete(str); + }); +``` + +(Why don't we just write `{ return foo.Concrete(str); }`? If you do that, +`MockFoo::Concrete()` will be called (and cause an infinite recursion) since +`Foo::Concrete()` is virtual. That's just how C++ works.) + +## Using Matchers + +### Matching Argument Values Exactly + +You can specify exactly which arguments a mock method is expecting: + +```cpp +using ::testing::Return; +... + EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(5)) + .WillOnce(Return('a')); + EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThat("Hello", bar)); +``` + +### Using Simple Matchers + +You can use matchers to match arguments that have a certain property: + +```cpp +using ::testing::NotNull; +using ::testing::Return; +... + EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(Ge(5))) // The argument must be >= 5. + .WillOnce(Return('a')); + EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThat("Hello", NotNull())); + // The second argument must not be NULL. +``` + +A frequently used matcher is `_`, which matches anything: + +```cpp + EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThat(_, NotNull())); +``` + + +### Combining Matchers {#CombiningMatchers} + +You can build complex matchers from existing ones using `AllOf()`, +`AllOfArray()`, `AnyOf()`, `AnyOfArray()` and `Not()`: + +```cpp +using ::testing::AllOf; +using ::testing::Gt; +using ::testing::HasSubstr; +using ::testing::Ne; +using ::testing::Not; +... + // The argument must be > 5 and != 10. + EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(AllOf(Gt(5), + Ne(10)))); + + // The first argument must not contain sub-string "blah". + EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThat(Not(HasSubstr("blah")), + NULL)); +``` + +### Casting Matchers {#SafeMatcherCast} + +gMock matchers are statically typed, meaning that the compiler can catch your +mistake if you use a matcher of the wrong type (for example, if you use `Eq(5)` +to match a `string` argument). Good for you! + +Sometimes, however, you know what you're doing and want the compiler to give you +some slack. One example is that you have a matcher for `long` and the argument +you want to match is `int`. While the two types aren't exactly the same, there +is nothing really wrong with using a `Matcher` to match an `int` - after +all, we can first convert the `int` argument to a `long` losslessly before +giving it to the matcher. + +To support this need, gMock gives you the `SafeMatcherCast(m)` function. It +casts a matcher `m` to type `Matcher`. To ensure safety, gMock checks that +(let `U` be the type `m` accepts : + +1. Type `T` can be *implicitly* cast to type `U`; +2. When both `T` and `U` are built-in arithmetic types (`bool`, integers, and + floating-point numbers), the conversion from `T` to `U` is not lossy (in + other words, any value representable by `T` can also be represented by `U`); + and +3. When `U` is a reference, `T` must also be a reference (as the underlying + matcher may be interested in the address of the `U` value). + +The code won't compile if any of these conditions isn't met. + +Here's one example: + +```cpp +using ::testing::SafeMatcherCast; + +// A base class and a child class. +class Base { ... }; +class Derived : public Base { ... }; + +class MockFoo : public Foo { + public: + MOCK_METHOD(void, DoThis, (Derived* derived), (override)); +}; + +... + MockFoo foo; + // m is a Matcher we got from somewhere. + EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(SafeMatcherCast(m))); +``` + +If you find `SafeMatcherCast(m)` too limiting, you can use a similar function +`MatcherCast(m)`. The difference is that `MatcherCast` works as long as you +can `static_cast` type `T` to type `U`. + +`MatcherCast` essentially lets you bypass C++'s type system (`static_cast` isn't +always safe as it could throw away information, for example), so be careful not +to misuse/abuse it. + +### Selecting Between Overloaded Functions {#SelectOverload} + +If you expect an overloaded function to be called, the compiler may need some +help on which overloaded version it is. + +To disambiguate functions overloaded on the const-ness of this object, use the +`Const()` argument wrapper. + +```cpp +using ::testing::ReturnRef; + +class MockFoo : public Foo { + ... + MOCK_METHOD(Bar&, GetBar, (), (override)); + MOCK_METHOD(const Bar&, GetBar, (), (const, override)); +}; + +... + MockFoo foo; + Bar bar1, bar2; + EXPECT_CALL(foo, GetBar()) // The non-const GetBar(). + .WillOnce(ReturnRef(bar1)); + EXPECT_CALL(Const(foo), GetBar()) // The const GetBar(). + .WillOnce(ReturnRef(bar2)); +``` + +(`Const()` is defined by gMock and returns a `const` reference to its argument.) + +To disambiguate overloaded functions with the same number of arguments but +different argument types, you may need to specify the exact type of a matcher, +either by wrapping your matcher in `Matcher()`, or using a matcher whose +type is fixed (`TypedEq`, `An()`, etc): + +```cpp +using ::testing::An; +using ::testing::Matcher; +using ::testing::TypedEq; + +class MockPrinter : public Printer { + public: + MOCK_METHOD(void, Print, (int n), (override)); + MOCK_METHOD(void, Print, (char c), (override)); +}; + +TEST(PrinterTest, Print) { + MockPrinter printer; + + EXPECT_CALL(printer, Print(An())); // void Print(int); + EXPECT_CALL(printer, Print(Matcher(Lt(5)))); // void Print(int); + EXPECT_CALL(printer, Print(TypedEq('a'))); // void Print(char); + + printer.Print(3); + printer.Print(6); + printer.Print('a'); +} +``` + +### Performing Different Actions Based on the Arguments + +When a mock method is called, the *last* matching expectation that's still +active will be selected (think "newer overrides older"). So, you can make a +method do different things depending on its argument values like this: + +```cpp +using ::testing::_; +using ::testing::Lt; +using ::testing::Return; +... + // The default case. + EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(_)) + .WillRepeatedly(Return('b')); + // The more specific case. + EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(Lt(5))) + .WillRepeatedly(Return('a')); +``` + +Now, if `foo.DoThis()` is called with a value less than 5, `'a'` will be +returned; otherwise `'b'` will be returned. + +### Matching Multiple Arguments as a Whole + +Sometimes it's not enough to match the arguments individually. For example, we +may want to say that the first argument must be less than the second argument. +The `With()` clause allows us to match all arguments of a mock function as a +whole. For example, + +```cpp +using ::testing::_; +using ::testing::Ne; +using ::testing::Lt; +... + EXPECT_CALL(foo, InRange(Ne(0), _)) + .With(Lt()); +``` + +says that the first argument of `InRange()` must not be 0, and must be less than +the second argument. + +The expression inside `With()` must be a matcher of type +`Matcher< ::std::tuple >`, where `A1`, ..., `An` are the types of +the function arguments. + +You can also write `AllArgs(m)` instead of `m` inside `.With()`. The two forms +are equivalent, but `.With(AllArgs(Lt()))` is more readable than `.With(Lt())`. + +You can use `Args(m)` to match the `n` selected arguments (as a +tuple) against `m`. For example, + +```cpp +using ::testing::_; +using ::testing::AllOf; +using ::testing::Args; +using ::testing::Lt; +... + EXPECT_CALL(foo, Blah) + .With(AllOf(Args<0, 1>(Lt()), Args<1, 2>(Lt()))); +``` + +says that `Blah` will be called with arguments `x`, `y`, and `z` where `x < y < +z`. Note that in this example, it wasn't necessary specify the positional +matchers. + +As a convenience and example, gMock provides some matchers for 2-tuples, +including the `Lt()` matcher above. See [here](#MultiArgMatchers) for the +complete list. + +Note that if you want to pass the arguments to a predicate of your own (e.g. +`.With(Args<0, 1>(Truly(&MyPredicate)))`), that predicate MUST be written to +take a `::std::tuple` as its argument; gMock will pass the `n` selected +arguments as *one* single tuple to the predicate. + +### Using Matchers as Predicates + +Have you noticed that a matcher is just a fancy predicate that also knows how to +describe itself? Many existing algorithms take predicates as arguments (e.g. +those defined in STL's `` header), and it would be a shame if gMock +matchers were not allowed to participate. + +Luckily, you can use a matcher where a unary predicate functor is expected by +wrapping it inside the `Matches()` function. For example, + +```cpp +#include +#include + +using ::testing::Matches; +using ::testing::Ge; + +vector v; +... +// How many elements in v are >= 10? +const int count = count_if(v.begin(), v.end(), Matches(Ge(10))); +``` + +Since you can build complex matchers from simpler ones easily using gMock, this +gives you a way to conveniently construct composite predicates (doing the same +using STL's `` header is just painful). For example, here's a +predicate that's satisfied by any number that is >= 0, <= 100, and != 50: + +```cpp +using testing::AllOf; +using testing::Ge; +using testing::Le; +using testing::Matches; +using testing::Ne; +... +Matches(AllOf(Ge(0), Le(100), Ne(50))) +``` + +### Using Matchers in googletest Assertions + +Since matchers are basically predicates that also know how to describe +themselves, there is a way to take advantage of them in googletest assertions. +It's called `ASSERT_THAT` and `EXPECT_THAT`: + +```cpp + ASSERT_THAT(value, matcher); // Asserts that value matches matcher. + EXPECT_THAT(value, matcher); // The non-fatal version. +``` + +For example, in a googletest test you can write: + +```cpp +#include "gmock/gmock.h" + +using ::testing::AllOf; +using ::testing::Ge; +using ::testing::Le; +using ::testing::MatchesRegex; +using ::testing::StartsWith; + +... + EXPECT_THAT(Foo(), StartsWith("Hello")); + EXPECT_THAT(Bar(), MatchesRegex("Line \\d+")); + ASSERT_THAT(Baz(), AllOf(Ge(5), Le(10))); +``` + +which (as you can probably guess) executes `Foo()`, `Bar()`, and `Baz()`, and +verifies that: + +* `Foo()` returns a string that starts with `"Hello"`. +* `Bar()` returns a string that matches regular expression `"Line \\d+"`. +* `Baz()` returns a number in the range [5, 10]. + +The nice thing about these macros is that *they read like English*. They +generate informative messages too. For example, if the first `EXPECT_THAT()` +above fails, the message will be something like: + +```cpp +Value of: Foo() + Actual: "Hi, world!" +Expected: starts with "Hello" +``` + +**Credit:** The idea of `(ASSERT|EXPECT)_THAT` was borrowed from Joe Walnes' +Hamcrest project, which adds `assertThat()` to JUnit. + +### Using Predicates as Matchers + +gMock provides a [built-in set](#MatcherList) of matchers. In case you find them +lacking, you can use an arbitrary unary predicate function or functor as a +matcher - as long as the predicate accepts a value of the type you want. You do +this by wrapping the predicate inside the `Truly()` function, for example: + +```cpp +using ::testing::Truly; + +int IsEven(int n) { return (n % 2) == 0 ? 1 : 0; } +... + // Bar() must be called with an even number. + EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(Truly(IsEven))); +``` + +Note that the predicate function / functor doesn't have to return `bool`. It +works as long as the return value can be used as the condition in in statement +`if (condition) ...`. + + + +### Matching Arguments that Are Not Copyable + +When you do an `EXPECT_CALL(mock_obj, Foo(bar))`, gMock saves away a copy of +`bar`. When `Foo()` is called later, gMock compares the argument to `Foo()` with +the saved copy of `bar`. This way, you don't need to worry about `bar` being +modified or destroyed after the `EXPECT_CALL()` is executed. The same is true +when you use matchers like `Eq(bar)`, `Le(bar)`, and so on. + +But what if `bar` cannot be copied (i.e. has no copy constructor)? You could +define your own matcher function or callback and use it with `Truly()`, as the +previous couple of recipes have shown. Or, you may be able to get away from it +if you can guarantee that `bar` won't be changed after the `EXPECT_CALL()` is +executed. Just tell gMock that it should save a reference to `bar`, instead of a +copy of it. Here's how: + +```cpp +using ::testing::ByRef; +using ::testing::Eq; +using ::testing::Lt; +... + // Expects that Foo()'s argument == bar. + EXPECT_CALL(mock_obj, Foo(Eq(ByRef(bar)))); + + // Expects that Foo()'s argument < bar. + EXPECT_CALL(mock_obj, Foo(Lt(ByRef(bar)))); +``` + +Remember: if you do this, don't change `bar` after the `EXPECT_CALL()`, or the +result is undefined. + +### Validating a Member of an Object + +Often a mock function takes a reference to object as an argument. When matching +the argument, you may not want to compare the entire object against a fixed +object, as that may be over-specification. Instead, you may need to validate a +certain member variable or the result of a certain getter method of the object. +You can do this with `Field()` and `Property()`. More specifically, + +```cpp +Field(&Foo::bar, m) +``` + +is a matcher that matches a `Foo` object whose `bar` member variable satisfies +matcher `m`. + +```cpp +Property(&Foo::baz, m) +``` + +is a matcher that matches a `Foo` object whose `baz()` method returns a value +that satisfies matcher `m`. + +For example: + + +| Expression | Description | +| :--------------------------- | :--------------------------------------- | +| `Field(&Foo::number, Ge(3))` | Matches `x` where `x.number >= 3`. | +| `Property(&Foo::name, StartsWith("John "))` | Matches `x` where `x.name()` starts with `"John "`. | + + +Note that in `Property(&Foo::baz, ...)`, method `baz()` must take no argument +and be declared as `const`. + +BTW, `Field()` and `Property()` can also match plain pointers to objects. For +instance, + +```cpp +using ::testing::Field; +using ::testing::Ge; +... +Field(&Foo::number, Ge(3)) +``` + +matches a plain pointer `p` where `p->number >= 3`. If `p` is `NULL`, the match +will always fail regardless of the inner matcher. + +What if you want to validate more than one members at the same time? Remember +that there are [`AllOf()` and `AllOfArray()`](#CombiningMatchers). + +Finally `Field()` and `Property()` provide overloads that take the field or +property names as the first argument to include it in the error message. This +can be useful when creating combined matchers. + +```cpp +using ::testing::AllOf; +using ::testing::Field; +using ::testing::Matcher; +using ::testing::SafeMatcherCast; + +Matcher IsFoo(const Foo& foo) { + return AllOf(Field("some_field", &Foo::some_field, foo.some_field), + Field("other_field", &Foo::other_field, foo.other_field), + Field("last_field", &Foo::last_field, foo.last_field)); +} +``` + +### Validating the Value Pointed to by a Pointer Argument + +C++ functions often take pointers as arguments. You can use matchers like +`IsNull()`, `NotNull()`, and other comparison matchers to match a pointer, but +what if you want to make sure the value *pointed to* by the pointer, instead of +the pointer itself, has a certain property? Well, you can use the `Pointee(m)` +matcher. + +`Pointee(m)` matches a pointer if and only if `m` matches the value the pointer +points to. For example: + +```cpp +using ::testing::Ge; +using ::testing::Pointee; +... + EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(Pointee(Ge(3)))); +``` + +expects `foo.Bar()` to be called with a pointer that points to a value greater +than or equal to 3. + +One nice thing about `Pointee()` is that it treats a `NULL` pointer as a match +failure, so you can write `Pointee(m)` instead of + +```cpp +using ::testing::AllOf; +using ::testing::NotNull; +using ::testing::Pointee; +... + AllOf(NotNull(), Pointee(m)) +``` + +without worrying that a `NULL` pointer will crash your test. + +Also, did we tell you that `Pointee()` works with both raw pointers **and** +smart pointers (`std::unique_ptr`, `std::shared_ptr`, etc)? + +What if you have a pointer to pointer? You guessed it - you can use nested +`Pointee()` to probe deeper inside the value. For example, +`Pointee(Pointee(Lt(3)))` matches a pointer that points to a pointer that points +to a number less than 3 (what a mouthful...). + +### Testing a Certain Property of an Object + +Sometimes you want to specify that an object argument has a certain property, +but there is no existing matcher that does this. If you want good error +messages, you should [define a matcher](#NewMatchers). If you want to do it +quick and dirty, you could get away with writing an ordinary function. + +Let's say you have a mock function that takes an object of type `Foo`, which has +an `int bar()` method and an `int baz()` method, and you want to constrain that +the argument's `bar()` value plus its `baz()` value is a given number. Here's +how you can define a matcher to do it: + +```cpp +using ::testing::Matcher; +using ::testing::MatcherInterface; +using ::testing::MatchResultListener; + +class BarPlusBazEqMatcher : public MatcherInterface { + public: + explicit BarPlusBazEqMatcher(int expected_sum) + : expected_sum_(expected_sum) {} + + bool MatchAndExplain(const Foo& foo, + MatchResultListener* /* listener */) const override { + return (foo.bar() + foo.baz()) == expected_sum_; + } + + void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const override { + *os << "bar() + baz() equals " << expected_sum_; + } + + void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const override { + *os << "bar() + baz() does not equal " << expected_sum_; + } + private: + const int expected_sum_; +}; + +Matcher BarPlusBazEq(int expected_sum) { + return MakeMatcher(new BarPlusBazEqMatcher(expected_sum)); +} + +... + EXPECT_CALL(..., DoThis(BarPlusBazEq(5)))...; +``` + +### Matching Containers + +Sometimes an STL container (e.g. list, vector, map, ...) is passed to a mock +function and you may want to validate it. Since most STL containers support the +`==` operator, you can write `Eq(expected_container)` or simply +`expected_container` to match a container exactly. + +Sometimes, though, you may want to be more flexible (for example, the first +element must be an exact match, but the second element can be any positive +number, and so on). Also, containers used in tests often have a small number of +elements, and having to define the expected container out-of-line is a bit of a +hassle. + +You can use the `ElementsAre()` or `UnorderedElementsAre()` matcher in such +cases: + +```cpp +using ::testing::_; +using ::testing::ElementsAre; +using ::testing::Gt; +... + MOCK_METHOD(void, Foo, (const vector& numbers), (override)); +... + EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo(ElementsAre(1, Gt(0), _, 5))); +``` + +The above matcher says that the container must have 4 elements, which must be 1, +greater than 0, anything, and 5 respectively. + +If you instead write: + +```cpp +using ::testing::_; +using ::testing::Gt; +using ::testing::UnorderedElementsAre; +... + MOCK_METHOD(void, Foo, (const vector& numbers), (override)); +... + EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo(UnorderedElementsAre(1, Gt(0), _, 5))); +``` + +It means that the container must have 4 elements, which (under some permutation) +must be 1, greater than 0, anything, and 5 respectively. + +As an alternative you can place the arguments in a C-style array and use +`ElementsAreArray()` or `UnorderedElementsAreArray()` instead: + +```cpp +using ::testing::ElementsAreArray; +... + // ElementsAreArray accepts an array of element values. + const int expected_vector1[] = {1, 5, 2, 4, ...}; + EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo(ElementsAreArray(expected_vector1))); + + // Or, an array of element matchers. + Matcher expected_vector2[] = {1, Gt(2), _, 3, ...}; + EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo(ElementsAreArray(expected_vector2))); +``` + +In case the array needs to be dynamically created (and therefore the array size +cannot be inferred by the compiler), you can give `ElementsAreArray()` an +additional argument to specify the array size: + +```cpp +using ::testing::ElementsAreArray; +... + int* const expected_vector3 = new int[count]; + ... fill expected_vector3 with values ... + EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo(ElementsAreArray(expected_vector3, count))); +``` + +Use `Pair` when comparing maps or other associative containers. + +```cpp +using testing::ElementsAre; +using testing::Pair; +... + std::map m = {{"a", 1}, {"b", 2}, {"c", 3}}; + EXPECT_THAT(m, ElementsAre(Pair("a", 1), Pair("b", 2), Pair("c", 3))); +``` + +**Tips:** + +* `ElementsAre*()` can be used to match *any* container that implements the + STL iterator pattern (i.e. it has a `const_iterator` type and supports + `begin()/end()`), not just the ones defined in STL. It will even work with + container types yet to be written - as long as they follows the above + pattern. +* You can use nested `ElementsAre*()` to match nested (multi-dimensional) + containers. +* If the container is passed by pointer instead of by reference, just write + `Pointee(ElementsAre*(...))`. +* The order of elements *matters* for `ElementsAre*()`. If you are using it + with containers whose element order are undefined (e.g. `hash_map`) you + should use `WhenSorted` around `ElementsAre`. + +### Sharing Matchers + +Under the hood, a gMock matcher object consists of a pointer to a ref-counted +implementation object. Copying matchers is allowed and very efficient, as only +the pointer is copied. When the last matcher that references the implementation +object dies, the implementation object will be deleted. + +Therefore, if you have some complex matcher that you want to use again and +again, there is no need to build it everytime. Just assign it to a matcher +variable and use that variable repeatedly! For example, + +```cpp +using ::testing::AllOf; +using ::testing::Gt; +using ::testing::Le; +using ::testing::Matcher; +... + Matcher in_range = AllOf(Gt(5), Le(10)); + ... use in_range as a matcher in multiple EXPECT_CALLs ... +``` + +### Matchers must have no side-effects {#PureMatchers} + +WARNING: gMock does not guarantee when or how many times a matcher will be +invoked. Therefore, all matchers must be *purely functional*: they cannot have +any side effects, and the match result must not depend on anything other than +the matcher's parameters and the value being matched. + +This requirement must be satisfied no matter how a matcher is defined (e.g., if +it is one of the standard matchers, or a custom matcher). In particular, a +matcher can never call a mock function, as that will affect the state of the +mock object and gMock. + +## Setting Expectations + +### Knowing When to Expect {#UseOnCall} + + + +**`ON_CALL`** is likely the *single most under-utilized construct* in gMock. + +There are basically two constructs for defining the behavior of a mock object: +`ON_CALL` and `EXPECT_CALL`. The difference? `ON_CALL` defines what happens when +a mock method is called, but doesn't imply any expectation on the method +being called. `EXPECT_CALL` not only defines the behavior, but also sets an +expectation that the method will be called with the given arguments, for the +given number of times (and *in the given order* when you specify the order +too). + +Since `EXPECT_CALL` does more, isn't it better than `ON_CALL`? Not really. Every +`EXPECT_CALL` adds a constraint on the behavior of the code under test. Having +more constraints than necessary is *baaad* - even worse than not having enough +constraints. + +This may be counter-intuitive. How could tests that verify more be worse than +tests that verify less? Isn't verification the whole point of tests? + +The answer lies in *what* a test should verify. **A good test verifies the +contract of the code.** If a test over-specifies, it doesn't leave enough +freedom to the implementation. As a result, changing the implementation without +breaking the contract (e.g. refactoring and optimization), which should be +perfectly fine to do, can break such tests. Then you have to spend time fixing +them, only to see them broken again the next time the implementation is changed. + +Keep in mind that one doesn't have to verify more than one property in one test. +In fact, **it's a good style to verify only one thing in one test.** If you do +that, a bug will likely break only one or two tests instead of dozens (which +case would you rather debug?). If you are also in the habit of giving tests +descriptive names that tell what they verify, you can often easily guess what's +wrong just from the test log itself. + +So use `ON_CALL` by default, and only use `EXPECT_CALL` when you actually intend +to verify that the call is made. For example, you may have a bunch of `ON_CALL`s +in your test fixture to set the common mock behavior shared by all tests in the +same group, and write (scarcely) different `EXPECT_CALL`s in different `TEST_F`s +to verify different aspects of the code's behavior. Compared with the style +where each `TEST` has many `EXPECT_CALL`s, this leads to tests that are more +resilient to implementational changes (and thus less likely to require +maintenance) and makes the intent of the tests more obvious (so they are easier +to maintain when you do need to maintain them). + +If you are bothered by the "Uninteresting mock function call" message printed +when a mock method without an `EXPECT_CALL` is called, you may use a `NiceMock` +instead to suppress all such messages for the mock object, or suppress the +message for specific methods by adding `EXPECT_CALL(...).Times(AnyNumber())`. DO +NOT suppress it by blindly adding an `EXPECT_CALL(...)`, or you'll have a test +that's a pain to maintain. + +### Ignoring Uninteresting Calls + +If you are not interested in how a mock method is called, just don't say +anything about it. In this case, if the method is ever called, gMock will +perform its default action to allow the test program to continue. If you are not +happy with the default action taken by gMock, you can override it using +`DefaultValue::Set()` (described [here](#DefaultValue)) or `ON_CALL()`. + +Please note that once you expressed interest in a particular mock method (via +`EXPECT_CALL()`), all invocations to it must match some expectation. If this +function is called but the arguments don't match any `EXPECT_CALL()` statement, +it will be an error. + +### Disallowing Unexpected Calls + +If a mock method shouldn't be called at all, explicitly say so: + +```cpp +using ::testing::_; +... + EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(_)) + .Times(0); +``` + +If some calls to the method are allowed, but the rest are not, just list all the +expected calls: + +```cpp +using ::testing::AnyNumber; +using ::testing::Gt; +... + EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(5)); + EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(Gt(10))) + .Times(AnyNumber()); +``` + +A call to `foo.Bar()` that doesn't match any of the `EXPECT_CALL()` statements +will be an error. + +### Understanding Uninteresting vs Unexpected Calls {#uninteresting-vs-unexpected} + +*Uninteresting* calls and *unexpected* calls are different concepts in gMock. +*Very* different. + +A call `x.Y(...)` is **uninteresting** if there's *not even a single* +`EXPECT_CALL(x, Y(...))` set. In other words, the test isn't interested in the +`x.Y()` method at all, as evident in that the test doesn't care to say anything +about it. + +A call `x.Y(...)` is **unexpected** if there are *some* `EXPECT_CALL(x, +Y(...))`s set, but none of them matches the call. Put another way, the test is +interested in the `x.Y()` method (therefore it explicitly sets some +`EXPECT_CALL` to verify how it's called); however, the verification fails as the +test doesn't expect this particular call to happen. + +**An unexpected call is always an error,** as the code under test doesn't behave +the way the test expects it to behave. + +**By default, an uninteresting call is not an error,** as it violates no +constraint specified by the test. (gMock's philosophy is that saying nothing +means there is no constraint.) However, it leads to a warning, as it *might* +indicate a problem (e.g. the test author might have forgotten to specify a +constraint). + +In gMock, `NiceMock` and `StrictMock` can be used to make a mock class "nice" or +"strict". How does this affect uninteresting calls and unexpected calls? + +A **nice mock** suppresses uninteresting call *warnings*. It is less chatty than +the default mock, but otherwise is the same. If a test fails with a default +mock, it will also fail using a nice mock instead. And vice versa. Don't expect +making a mock nice to change the test's result. + +A **strict mock** turns uninteresting call warnings into errors. So making a +mock strict may change the test's result. + +Let's look at an example: + +```cpp +TEST(...) { + NiceMock mock_registry; + EXPECT_CALL(mock_registry, GetDomainOwner("google.com")) + .WillRepeatedly(Return("Larry Page")); + + // Use mock_registry in code under test. + ... &mock_registry ... +} +``` + +The sole `EXPECT_CALL` here says that all calls to `GetDomainOwner()` must have +`"google.com"` as the argument. If `GetDomainOwner("yahoo.com")` is called, it +will be an unexpected call, and thus an error. *Having a nice mock doesn't +change the severity of an unexpected call.* + +So how do we tell gMock that `GetDomainOwner()` can be called with some other +arguments as well? The standard technique is to add a "catch all" `EXPECT_CALL`: + +```cpp + EXPECT_CALL(mock_registry, GetDomainOwner(_)) + .Times(AnyNumber()); // catches all other calls to this method. + EXPECT_CALL(mock_registry, GetDomainOwner("google.com")) + .WillRepeatedly(Return("Larry Page")); +``` + +Remember that `_` is the wildcard matcher that matches anything. With this, if +`GetDomainOwner("google.com")` is called, it will do what the second +`EXPECT_CALL` says; if it is called with a different argument, it will do what +the first `EXPECT_CALL` says. + +Note that the order of the two `EXPECT_CALL`s is important, as a newer +`EXPECT_CALL` takes precedence over an older one. + +For more on uninteresting calls, nice mocks, and strict mocks, read +["The Nice, the Strict, and the Naggy"](#NiceStrictNaggy). + +### Ignoring Uninteresting Arguments {#ParameterlessExpectations} + +If your test doesn't care about the parameters (it only cares about the number +or order of calls), you can often simply omit the parameter list: + +```cpp + // Expect foo.Bar( ... ) twice with any arguments. + EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar).Times(2); + + // Delegate to the given method whenever the factory is invoked. + ON_CALL(foo_factory, MakeFoo) + .WillByDefault(&BuildFooForTest); +``` + +This functionality is only available when a method is not overloaded; to prevent +unexpected behavior it is a compilation error to try to set an expectation on a +method where the specific overload is ambiguous. You can work around this by +supplying a [simpler mock interface](#SimplerInterfaces) than the mocked class +provides. + +This pattern is also useful when the arguments are interesting, but match logic +is substantially complex. You can leave the argument list unspecified and use +SaveArg actions to [save the values for later verification](#SaveArgVerify). If +you do that, you can easily differentiate calling the method the wrong number of +times from calling it with the wrong arguments. + +### Expecting Ordered Calls {#OrderedCalls} + +Although an `EXPECT_CALL()` statement defined earlier takes precedence when +gMock tries to match a function call with an expectation, by default calls don't +have to happen in the order `EXPECT_CALL()` statements are written. For example, +if the arguments match the matchers in the third `EXPECT_CALL()`, but not those +in the first two, then the third expectation will be used. + +If you would rather have all calls occur in the order of the expectations, put +the `EXPECT_CALL()` statements in a block where you define a variable of type +`InSequence`: + +```cpp +using ::testing::_; +using ::testing::InSequence; + + { + InSequence s; + + EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(5)); + EXPECT_CALL(bar, DoThat(_)) + .Times(2); + EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(6)); + } +``` + +In this example, we expect a call to `foo.DoThis(5)`, followed by two calls to +`bar.DoThat()` where the argument can be anything, which are in turn followed by +a call to `foo.DoThis(6)`. If a call occurred out-of-order, gMock will report an +error. + +### Expecting Partially Ordered Calls {#PartialOrder} + +Sometimes requiring everything to occur in a predetermined order can lead to +brittle tests. For example, we may care about `A` occurring before both `B` and +`C`, but aren't interested in the relative order of `B` and `C`. In this case, +the test should reflect our real intent, instead of being overly constraining. + +gMock allows you to impose an arbitrary DAG (directed acyclic graph) on the +calls. One way to express the DAG is to use the [After](#AfterClause) clause of +`EXPECT_CALL`. + +Another way is via the `InSequence()` clause (not the same as the `InSequence` +class), which we borrowed from jMock 2. It's less flexible than `After()`, but +more convenient when you have long chains of sequential calls, as it doesn't +require you to come up with different names for the expectations in the chains. +Here's how it works: + +If we view `EXPECT_CALL()` statements as nodes in a graph, and add an edge from +node A to node B wherever A must occur before B, we can get a DAG. We use the +term "sequence" to mean a directed path in this DAG. Now, if we decompose the +DAG into sequences, we just need to know which sequences each `EXPECT_CALL()` +belongs to in order to be able to reconstruct the original DAG. + +So, to specify the partial order on the expectations we need to do two things: +first to define some `Sequence` objects, and then for each `EXPECT_CALL()` say +which `Sequence` objects it is part of. + +Expectations in the same sequence must occur in the order they are written. For +example, + +```cpp +using ::testing::Sequence; +... + Sequence s1, s2; + + EXPECT_CALL(foo, A()) + .InSequence(s1, s2); + EXPECT_CALL(bar, B()) + .InSequence(s1); + EXPECT_CALL(bar, C()) + .InSequence(s2); + EXPECT_CALL(foo, D()) + .InSequence(s2); +``` + +specifies the following DAG (where `s1` is `A -> B`, and `s2` is `A -> C -> D`): + +```text + +---> B + | + A ---| + | + +---> C ---> D +``` + +This means that A must occur before B and C, and C must occur before D. There's +no restriction about the order other than these. + +### Controlling When an Expectation Retires + +When a mock method is called, gMock only considers expectations that are still +active. An expectation is active when created, and becomes inactive (aka +*retires*) when a call that has to occur later has occurred. For example, in + +```cpp +using ::testing::_; +using ::testing::Sequence; +... + Sequence s1, s2; + + EXPECT_CALL(log, Log(WARNING, _, "File too large.")) // #1 + .Times(AnyNumber()) + .InSequence(s1, s2); + EXPECT_CALL(log, Log(WARNING, _, "Data set is empty.")) // #2 + .InSequence(s1); + EXPECT_CALL(log, Log(WARNING, _, "User not found.")) // #3 + .InSequence(s2); +``` + +as soon as either #2 or #3 is matched, #1 will retire. If a warning `"File too +large."` is logged after this, it will be an error. + +Note that an expectation doesn't retire automatically when it's saturated. For +example, + +```cpp +using ::testing::_; +... + EXPECT_CALL(log, Log(WARNING, _, _)); // #1 + EXPECT_CALL(log, Log(WARNING, _, "File too large.")); // #2 +``` + +says that there will be exactly one warning with the message `"File too +large."`. If the second warning contains this message too, #2 will match again +and result in an upper-bound-violated error. + +If this is not what you want, you can ask an expectation to retire as soon as it +becomes saturated: + +```cpp +using ::testing::_; +... + EXPECT_CALL(log, Log(WARNING, _, _)); // #1 + EXPECT_CALL(log, Log(WARNING, _, "File too large.")) // #2 + .RetiresOnSaturation(); +``` + +Here #2 can be used only once, so if you have two warnings with the message +`"File too large."`, the first will match #2 and the second will match #1 - +there will be no error. + +## Using Actions + +### Returning References from Mock Methods + +If a mock function's return type is a reference, you need to use `ReturnRef()` +instead of `Return()` to return a result: + +```cpp +using ::testing::ReturnRef; + +class MockFoo : public Foo { + public: + MOCK_METHOD(Bar&, GetBar, (), (override)); +}; +... + MockFoo foo; + Bar bar; + EXPECT_CALL(foo, GetBar()) + .WillOnce(ReturnRef(bar)); +... +``` + +### Returning Live Values from Mock Methods + +The `Return(x)` action saves a copy of `x` when the action is created, and +always returns the same value whenever it's executed. Sometimes you may want to +instead return the *live* value of `x` (i.e. its value at the time when the +action is *executed*.). Use either `ReturnRef()` or `ReturnPointee()` for this +purpose. + +If the mock function's return type is a reference, you can do it using +`ReturnRef(x)`, as shown in the previous recipe ("Returning References from Mock +Methods"). However, gMock doesn't let you use `ReturnRef()` in a mock function +whose return type is not a reference, as doing that usually indicates a user +error. So, what shall you do? + +Though you may be tempted, DO NOT use `ByRef()`: + +```cpp +using testing::ByRef; +using testing::Return; + +class MockFoo : public Foo { + public: + MOCK_METHOD(int, GetValue, (), (override)); +}; +... + int x = 0; + MockFoo foo; + EXPECT_CALL(foo, GetValue()) + .WillRepeatedly(Return(ByRef(x))); // Wrong! + x = 42; + EXPECT_EQ(42, foo.GetValue()); +``` + +Unfortunately, it doesn't work here. The above code will fail with error: + +```text +Value of: foo.GetValue() + Actual: 0 +Expected: 42 +``` + +The reason is that `Return(*value*)` converts `value` to the actual return type +of the mock function at the time when the action is *created*, not when it is +*executed*. (This behavior was chosen for the action to be safe when `value` is +a proxy object that references some temporary objects.) As a result, `ByRef(x)` +is converted to an `int` value (instead of a `const int&`) when the expectation +is set, and `Return(ByRef(x))` will always return 0. + +`ReturnPointee(pointer)` was provided to solve this problem specifically. It +returns the value pointed to by `pointer` at the time the action is *executed*: + +```cpp +using testing::ReturnPointee; +... + int x = 0; + MockFoo foo; + EXPECT_CALL(foo, GetValue()) + .WillRepeatedly(ReturnPointee(&x)); // Note the & here. + x = 42; + EXPECT_EQ(42, foo.GetValue()); // This will succeed now. +``` + +### Combining Actions + +Want to do more than one thing when a function is called? That's fine. `DoAll()` +allow you to do sequence of actions every time. Only the return value of the +last action in the sequence will be used. + +```cpp +using ::testing::_; +using ::testing::DoAll; + +class MockFoo : public Foo { + public: + MOCK_METHOD(bool, Bar, (int n), (override)); +}; +... + EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(_)) + .WillOnce(DoAll(action_1, + action_2, + ... + action_n)); +``` + +### Verifying Complex Arguments {#SaveArgVerify} + +If you want to verify that a method is called with a particular argument but the +match criteria is complex, it can be difficult to distinguish between +cardinality failures (calling the method the wrong number of times) and argument +match failures. Similarly, if you are matching multiple parameters, it may not +be easy to distinguishing which argument failed to match. For example: + +```cpp + // Not ideal: this could fail because of a problem with arg1 or arg2, or maybe + // just the method wasn't called. + EXPECT_CALL(foo, SendValues(_, ElementsAre(1, 4, 4, 7), EqualsProto( ... ))); +``` + +You can instead save the arguments and test them individually: + +```cpp + EXPECT_CALL(foo, SendValues) + .WillOnce(DoAll(SaveArg<1>(&actual_array), SaveArg<2>(&actual_proto))); + ... run the test + EXPECT_THAT(actual_array, ElementsAre(1, 4, 4, 7)); + EXPECT_THAT(actual_proto, EqualsProto( ... )); +``` + +### Mocking Side Effects {#MockingSideEffects} + +Sometimes a method exhibits its effect not via returning a value but via side +effects. For example, it may change some global state or modify an output +argument. To mock side effects, in general you can define your own action by +implementing `::testing::ActionInterface`. + +If all you need to do is to change an output argument, the built-in +`SetArgPointee()` action is convenient: + +```cpp +using ::testing::_; +using ::testing::SetArgPointee; + +class MockMutator : public Mutator { + public: + MOCK_METHOD(void, Mutate, (bool mutate, int* value), (override)); + ... +} +... + MockMutator mutator; + EXPECT_CALL(mutator, Mutate(true, _)) + .WillOnce(SetArgPointee<1>(5)); +``` + +In this example, when `mutator.Mutate()` is called, we will assign 5 to the +`int` variable pointed to by argument #1 (0-based). + +`SetArgPointee()` conveniently makes an internal copy of the value you pass to +it, removing the need to keep the value in scope and alive. The implication +however is that the value must have a copy constructor and assignment operator. + +If the mock method also needs to return a value as well, you can chain +`SetArgPointee()` with `Return()` using `DoAll()`, remembering to put the +`Return()` statement last: + +```cpp +using ::testing::_; +using ::testing::Return; +using ::testing::SetArgPointee; + +class MockMutator : public Mutator { + public: + ... + MOCK_METHOD(bool, MutateInt, (int* value), (override)); +} +... + MockMutator mutator; + EXPECT_CALL(mutator, MutateInt(_)) + .WillOnce(DoAll(SetArgPointee<0>(5), + Return(true))); +``` + +Note, however, that if you use the `ReturnOKWith()` method, it will override the +values provided by `SetArgPointee()` in the response parameters of your function +call. + +If the output argument is an array, use the `SetArrayArgument(first, last)` +action instead. It copies the elements in source range `[first, last)` to the +array pointed to by the `N`-th (0-based) argument: + +```cpp +using ::testing::NotNull; +using ::testing::SetArrayArgument; + +class MockArrayMutator : public ArrayMutator { + public: + MOCK_METHOD(void, Mutate, (int* values, int num_values), (override)); + ... +} +... + MockArrayMutator mutator; + int values[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; + EXPECT_CALL(mutator, Mutate(NotNull(), 5)) + .WillOnce(SetArrayArgument<0>(values, values + 5)); +``` + +This also works when the argument is an output iterator: + +```cpp +using ::testing::_; +using ::testing::SetArrayArgument; + +class MockRolodex : public Rolodex { + public: + MOCK_METHOD(void, GetNames, (std::back_insert_iterator>), + (override)); + ... +} +... + MockRolodex rolodex; + vector names; + names.push_back("George"); + names.push_back("John"); + names.push_back("Thomas"); + EXPECT_CALL(rolodex, GetNames(_)) + .WillOnce(SetArrayArgument<0>(names.begin(), names.end())); +``` + +### Changing a Mock Object's Behavior Based on the State + +If you expect a call to change the behavior of a mock object, you can use +`::testing::InSequence` to specify different behaviors before and after the +call: + +```cpp +using ::testing::InSequence; +using ::testing::Return; + +... + { + InSequence seq; + EXPECT_CALL(my_mock, IsDirty()) + .WillRepeatedly(Return(true)); + EXPECT_CALL(my_mock, Flush()); + EXPECT_CALL(my_mock, IsDirty()) + .WillRepeatedly(Return(false)); + } + my_mock.FlushIfDirty(); +``` + +This makes `my_mock.IsDirty()` return `true` before `my_mock.Flush()` is called +and return `false` afterwards. + +If the behavior change is more complex, you can store the effects in a variable +and make a mock method get its return value from that variable: + +```cpp +using ::testing::_; +using ::testing::SaveArg; +using ::testing::Return; + +ACTION_P(ReturnPointee, p) { return *p; } +... + int previous_value = 0; + EXPECT_CALL(my_mock, GetPrevValue) + .WillRepeatedly(ReturnPointee(&previous_value)); + EXPECT_CALL(my_mock, UpdateValue) + .WillRepeatedly(SaveArg<0>(&previous_value)); + my_mock.DoSomethingToUpdateValue(); +``` + +Here `my_mock.GetPrevValue()` will always return the argument of the last +`UpdateValue()` call. + +### Setting the Default Value for a Return Type {#DefaultValue} + +If a mock method's return type is a built-in C++ type or pointer, by default it +will return 0 when invoked. Also, in C++ 11 and above, a mock method whose +return type has a default constructor will return a default-constructed value by +default. You only need to specify an action if this default value doesn't work +for you. + +Sometimes, you may want to change this default value, or you may want to specify +a default value for types gMock doesn't know about. You can do this using the +`::testing::DefaultValue` class template: + +```cpp +using ::testing::DefaultValue; + +class MockFoo : public Foo { + public: + MOCK_METHOD(Bar, CalculateBar, (), (override)); +}; + + +... + Bar default_bar; + // Sets the default return value for type Bar. + DefaultValue::Set(default_bar); + + MockFoo foo; + + // We don't need to specify an action here, as the default + // return value works for us. + EXPECT_CALL(foo, CalculateBar()); + + foo.CalculateBar(); // This should return default_bar. + + // Unsets the default return value. + DefaultValue::Clear(); +``` + +Please note that changing the default value for a type can make you tests hard +to understand. We recommend you to use this feature judiciously. For example, +you may want to make sure the `Set()` and `Clear()` calls are right next to the +code that uses your mock. + +### Setting the Default Actions for a Mock Method + +You've learned how to change the default value of a given type. However, this +may be too coarse for your purpose: perhaps you have two mock methods with the +same return type and you want them to have different behaviors. The `ON_CALL()` +macro allows you to customize your mock's behavior at the method level: + +```cpp +using ::testing::_; +using ::testing::AnyNumber; +using ::testing::Gt; +using ::testing::Return; +... + ON_CALL(foo, Sign(_)) + .WillByDefault(Return(-1)); + ON_CALL(foo, Sign(0)) + .WillByDefault(Return(0)); + ON_CALL(foo, Sign(Gt(0))) + .WillByDefault(Return(1)); + + EXPECT_CALL(foo, Sign(_)) + .Times(AnyNumber()); + + foo.Sign(5); // This should return 1. + foo.Sign(-9); // This should return -1. + foo.Sign(0); // This should return 0. +``` + +As you may have guessed, when there are more than one `ON_CALL()` statements, +the newer ones in the order take precedence over the older ones. In other words, +the **last** one that matches the function arguments will be used. This matching +order allows you to set up the common behavior in a mock object's constructor or +the test fixture's set-up phase and specialize the mock's behavior later. + +Note that both `ON_CALL` and `EXPECT_CALL` have the same "later statements take +precedence" rule, but they don't interact. That is, `EXPECT_CALL`s have their +own precedence order distinct from the `ON_CALL` precedence order. + +### Using Functions/Methods/Functors/Lambdas as Actions {#FunctionsAsActions} + +If the built-in actions don't suit you, you can use an existing callable +(function, `std::function`, method, functor, lambda as an action. + + + +```cpp +using ::testing::_; using ::testing::Invoke; + +class MockFoo : public Foo { + public: + MOCK_METHOD(int, Sum, (int x, int y), (override)); + MOCK_METHOD(bool, ComplexJob, (int x), (override)); +}; + +int CalculateSum(int x, int y) { return x + y; } +int Sum3(int x, int y, int z) { return x + y + z; } + +class Helper { + public: + bool ComplexJob(int x); +}; + +... + MockFoo foo; + Helper helper; + EXPECT_CALL(foo, Sum(_, _)) + .WillOnce(&CalculateSum) + .WillRepeatedly(Invoke(NewPermanentCallback(Sum3, 1))); + EXPECT_CALL(foo, ComplexJob(_)) + .WillOnce(Invoke(&helper, &Helper::ComplexJob)); + .WillRepeatedly([](int x) { return x > 0; }); + + foo.Sum(5, 6); // Invokes CalculateSum(5, 6). + foo.Sum(2, 3); // Invokes Sum3(1, 2, 3). + foo.ComplexJob(10); // Invokes helper.ComplexJob(10). + foo.ComplexJob(-1); // Invokes the inline lambda. +``` + +The only requirement is that the type of the function, etc must be *compatible* +with the signature of the mock function, meaning that the latter's arguments can +be implicitly converted to the corresponding arguments of the former, and the +former's return type can be implicitly converted to that of the latter. So, you +can invoke something whose type is *not* exactly the same as the mock function, +as long as it's safe to do so - nice, huh? + +**`Note:`{.escaped}** + +* The action takes ownership of the callback and will delete it when the + action itself is destructed. +* If the type of a callback is derived from a base callback type `C`, you need + to implicitly cast it to `C` to resolve the overloading, e.g. + + ```cpp + using ::testing::Invoke; + ... + ResultCallback* is_ok = ...; + ... Invoke(is_ok) ...; // This works. + + BlockingClosure* done = new BlockingClosure; + ... Invoke(implicit_cast(done)) ...; // The cast is necessary. + ``` + +### Using Functions with Extra Info as Actions + +The function or functor you call using `Invoke()` must have the same number of +arguments as the mock function you use it for. Sometimes you may have a function +that takes more arguments, and you are willing to pass in the extra arguments +yourself to fill the gap. You can do this in gMock using callbacks with +pre-bound arguments. Here's an example: + +```cpp +using ::testing::Invoke; + +class MockFoo : public Foo { + public: + MOCK_METHOD(char, DoThis, (int n), (override)); +}; + +char SignOfSum(int x, int y) { + const int sum = x + y; + return (sum > 0) ? '+' : (sum < 0) ? '-' : '0'; +} + +TEST_F(FooTest, Test) { + MockFoo foo; + + EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(2)) + .WillOnce(Invoke(NewPermanentCallback(SignOfSum, 5))); + EXPECT_EQ('+', foo.DoThis(2)); // Invokes SignOfSum(5, 2). +} +``` + +### Invoking a Function/Method/Functor/Lambda/Callback Without Arguments + +`Invoke()` is very useful for doing actions that are more complex. It passes the +mock function's arguments to the function, etc being invoked such that the +callee has the full context of the call to work with. If the invoked function is +not interested in some or all of the arguments, it can simply ignore them. + +Yet, a common pattern is that a test author wants to invoke a function without +the arguments of the mock function. `Invoke()` allows her to do that using a +wrapper function that throws away the arguments before invoking an underlining +nullary function. Needless to say, this can be tedious and obscures the intent +of the test. + +`InvokeWithoutArgs()` solves this problem. It's like `Invoke()` except that it +doesn't pass the mock function's arguments to the callee. Here's an example: + +```cpp +using ::testing::_; +using ::testing::InvokeWithoutArgs; + +class MockFoo : public Foo { + public: + MOCK_METHOD(bool, ComplexJob, (int n), (override)); +}; + +bool Job1() { ... } +bool Job2(int n, char c) { ... } + +... + MockFoo foo; + EXPECT_CALL(foo, ComplexJob(_)) + .WillOnce(InvokeWithoutArgs(Job1)) + .WillOnce(InvokeWithoutArgs(NewPermanentCallback(Job2, 5, 'a'))); + + foo.ComplexJob(10); // Invokes Job1(). + foo.ComplexJob(20); // Invokes Job2(5, 'a'). +``` + +**`Note:`{.escaped}** + +* The action takes ownership of the callback and will delete it when the + action itself is destructed. +* If the type of a callback is derived from a base callback type `C`, you need + to implicitly cast it to `C` to resolve the overloading, e.g. + + ```cpp + using ::testing::InvokeWithoutArgs; + ... + ResultCallback* is_ok = ...; + ... InvokeWithoutArgs(is_ok) ...; // This works. + + BlockingClosure* done = ...; + ... InvokeWithoutArgs(implicit_cast(done)) ...; + // The cast is necessary. + ``` + +### Invoking an Argument of the Mock Function + +Sometimes a mock function will receive a function pointer, a functor (in other +words, a "callable") as an argument, e.g. + +```cpp +class MockFoo : public Foo { + public: + MOCK_METHOD(bool, DoThis, (int n, (ResultCallback1* callback)), + (override)); +}; +``` + +and you may want to invoke this callable argument: + +```cpp +using ::testing::_; +... + MockFoo foo; + EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(_, _)) + .WillOnce(...); + // Will execute callback->Run(5), where callback is the + // second argument DoThis() receives. +``` + +NOTE: The section below is legacy documentation from before C++ had lambdas: + +Arghh, you need to refer to a mock function argument but C++ has no lambda +(yet), so you have to define your own action. :-( Or do you really? + +Well, gMock has an action to solve *exactly* this problem: + +```cpp +InvokeArgument(arg_1, arg_2, ..., arg_m) +``` + +will invoke the `N`-th (0-based) argument the mock function receives, with +`arg_1`, `arg_2`, ..., and `arg_m`. No matter if the argument is a function +pointer, a functor, or a callback. gMock handles them all. + +With that, you could write: + +```cpp +using ::testing::_; +using ::testing::InvokeArgument; +... + EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(_, _)) + .WillOnce(InvokeArgument<1>(5)); + // Will execute callback->Run(5), where callback is the + // second argument DoThis() receives. +``` + +What if the callable takes an argument by reference? No problem - just wrap it +inside `ByRef()`: + +```cpp + ... + MOCK_METHOD(bool, Bar, + ((ResultCallback2* callback)), + (override)); + ... + using ::testing::_; + using ::testing::ByRef; + using ::testing::InvokeArgument; + ... + MockFoo foo; + Helper helper; + ... + EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(_)) + .WillOnce(InvokeArgument<0>(5, ByRef(helper))); + // ByRef(helper) guarantees that a reference to helper, not a copy of it, + // will be passed to the callback. +``` + +What if the callable takes an argument by reference and we do **not** wrap the +argument in `ByRef()`? Then `InvokeArgument()` will *make a copy* of the +argument, and pass a *reference to the copy*, instead of a reference to the +original value, to the callable. This is especially handy when the argument is a +temporary value: + +```cpp + ... + MOCK_METHOD(bool, DoThat, (bool (*f)(const double& x, const string& s)), + (override)); + ... + using ::testing::_; + using ::testing::InvokeArgument; + ... + MockFoo foo; + ... + EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThat(_)) + .WillOnce(InvokeArgument<0>(5.0, string("Hi"))); + // Will execute (*f)(5.0, string("Hi")), where f is the function pointer + // DoThat() receives. Note that the values 5.0 and string("Hi") are + // temporary and dead once the EXPECT_CALL() statement finishes. Yet + // it's fine to perform this action later, since a copy of the values + // are kept inside the InvokeArgument action. +``` + +### Ignoring an Action's Result + +Sometimes you have an action that returns *something*, but you need an action +that returns `void` (perhaps you want to use it in a mock function that returns +`void`, or perhaps it needs to be used in `DoAll()` and it's not the last in the +list). `IgnoreResult()` lets you do that. For example: + +```cpp +using ::testing::_; +using ::testing::DoAll; +using ::testing::IgnoreResult; +using ::testing::Return; + +int Process(const MyData& data); +string DoSomething(); + +class MockFoo : public Foo { + public: + MOCK_METHOD(void, Abc, (const MyData& data), (override)); + MOCK_METHOD(bool, Xyz, (), (override)); +}; + + ... + MockFoo foo; + EXPECT_CALL(foo, Abc(_)) + // .WillOnce(Invoke(Process)); + // The above line won't compile as Process() returns int but Abc() needs + // to return void. + .WillOnce(IgnoreResult(Process)); + EXPECT_CALL(foo, Xyz()) + .WillOnce(DoAll(IgnoreResult(DoSomething), + // Ignores the string DoSomething() returns. + Return(true))); +``` + +Note that you **cannot** use `IgnoreResult()` on an action that already returns +`void`. Doing so will lead to ugly compiler errors. + +### Selecting an Action's Arguments {#SelectingArgs} + +Say you have a mock function `Foo()` that takes seven arguments, and you have a +custom action that you want to invoke when `Foo()` is called. Trouble is, the +custom action only wants three arguments: + +```cpp +using ::testing::_; +using ::testing::Invoke; +... + MOCK_METHOD(bool, Foo, + (bool visible, const string& name, int x, int y, + (const map>), double& weight, double min_weight, + double max_wight)); +... +bool IsVisibleInQuadrant1(bool visible, int x, int y) { + return visible && x >= 0 && y >= 0; +} +... + EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo) + .WillOnce(Invoke(IsVisibleInQuadrant1)); // Uh, won't compile. :-( +``` + +To please the compiler God, you need to define an "adaptor" that has the same +signature as `Foo()` and calls the custom action with the right arguments: + +```cpp +using ::testing::_; +using ::testing::Invoke; +... +bool MyIsVisibleInQuadrant1(bool visible, const string& name, int x, int y, + const map, double>& weight, + double min_weight, double max_wight) { + return IsVisibleInQuadrant1(visible, x, y); +} +... + EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo) + .WillOnce(Invoke(MyIsVisibleInQuadrant1)); // Now it works. +``` + +But isn't this awkward? + +gMock provides a generic *action adaptor*, so you can spend your time minding +more important business than writing your own adaptors. Here's the syntax: + +```cpp +WithArgs(action) +``` + +creates an action that passes the arguments of the mock function at the given +indices (0-based) to the inner `action` and performs it. Using `WithArgs`, our +original example can be written as: + +```cpp +using ::testing::_; +using ::testing::Invoke; +using ::testing::WithArgs; +... + EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo) + .WillOnce(WithArgs<0, 2, 3>(Invoke(IsVisibleInQuadrant1))); // No need to define your own adaptor. +``` + +For better readability, gMock also gives you: + +* `WithoutArgs(action)` when the inner `action` takes *no* argument, and +* `WithArg(action)` (no `s` after `Arg`) when the inner `action` takes + *one* argument. + +As you may have realized, `InvokeWithoutArgs(...)` is just syntactic sugar for +`WithoutArgs(Invoke(...))`. + +Here are more tips: + +* The inner action used in `WithArgs` and friends does not have to be + `Invoke()` -- it can be anything. +* You can repeat an argument in the argument list if necessary, e.g. + `WithArgs<2, 3, 3, 5>(...)`. +* You can change the order of the arguments, e.g. `WithArgs<3, 2, 1>(...)`. +* The types of the selected arguments do *not* have to match the signature of + the inner action exactly. It works as long as they can be implicitly + converted to the corresponding arguments of the inner action. For example, + if the 4-th argument of the mock function is an `int` and `my_action` takes + a `double`, `WithArg<4>(my_action)` will work. + +### Ignoring Arguments in Action Functions + +The [selecting-an-action's-arguments](#SelectingArgs) recipe showed us one way +to make a mock function and an action with incompatible argument lists fit +together. The downside is that wrapping the action in `WithArgs<...>()` can get +tedious for people writing the tests. + +If you are defining a function (or method, functor, lambda, callback) to be used +with `Invoke*()`, and you are not interested in some of its arguments, an +alternative to `WithArgs` is to declare the uninteresting arguments as `Unused`. +This makes the definition less cluttered and less fragile in case the types of +the uninteresting arguments change. It could also increase the chance the action +function can be reused. For example, given + +```cpp + public: + MOCK_METHOD(double, Foo, double(const string& label, double x, double y), + (override)); + MOCK_METHOD(double, Bar, (int index, double x, double y), (override)); +``` + +instead of + +```cpp +using ::testing::_; +using ::testing::Invoke; + +double DistanceToOriginWithLabel(const string& label, double x, double y) { + return sqrt(x*x + y*y); +} +double DistanceToOriginWithIndex(int index, double x, double y) { + return sqrt(x*x + y*y); +} +... + EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo("abc", _, _)) + .WillOnce(Invoke(DistanceToOriginWithLabel)); + EXPECT_CALL(mock, Bar(5, _, _)) + .WillOnce(Invoke(DistanceToOriginWithIndex)); +``` + +you could write + +```cpp +using ::testing::_; +using ::testing::Invoke; +using ::testing::Unused; + +double DistanceToOrigin(Unused, double x, double y) { + return sqrt(x*x + y*y); +} +... + EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo("abc", _, _)) + .WillOnce(Invoke(DistanceToOrigin)); + EXPECT_CALL(mock, Bar(5, _, _)) + .WillOnce(Invoke(DistanceToOrigin)); +``` + +### Sharing Actions + +Just like matchers, a gMock action object consists of a pointer to a ref-counted +implementation object. Therefore copying actions is also allowed and very +efficient. When the last action that references the implementation object dies, +the implementation object will be deleted. + +If you have some complex action that you want to use again and again, you may +not have to build it from scratch everytime. If the action doesn't have an +internal state (i.e. if it always does the same thing no matter how many times +it has been called), you can assign it to an action variable and use that +variable repeatedly. For example: + +```cpp +using ::testing::Action; +using ::testing::DoAll; +using ::testing::Return; +using ::testing::SetArgPointee; +... + Action set_flag = DoAll(SetArgPointee<0>(5), + Return(true)); + ... use set_flag in .WillOnce() and .WillRepeatedly() ... +``` + +However, if the action has its own state, you may be surprised if you share the +action object. Suppose you have an action factory `IncrementCounter(init)` which +creates an action that increments and returns a counter whose initial value is +`init`, using two actions created from the same expression and using a shared +action will exhibit different behaviors. Example: + +```cpp + EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis()) + .WillRepeatedly(IncrementCounter(0)); + EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThat()) + .WillRepeatedly(IncrementCounter(0)); + foo.DoThis(); // Returns 1. + foo.DoThis(); // Returns 2. + foo.DoThat(); // Returns 1 - Blah() uses a different + // counter than Bar()'s. +``` + +versus + +```cpp +using ::testing::Action; +... + Action increment = IncrementCounter(0); + EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis()) + .WillRepeatedly(increment); + EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThat()) + .WillRepeatedly(increment); + foo.DoThis(); // Returns 1. + foo.DoThis(); // Returns 2. + foo.DoThat(); // Returns 3 - the counter is shared. +``` + +### Testing Asynchronous Behavior + +One oft-encountered problem with gMock is that it can be hard to test +asynchronous behavior. Suppose you had a `EventQueue` class that you wanted to +test, and you created a separate `EventDispatcher` interface so that you could +easily mock it out. However, the implementation of the class fired all the +events on a background thread, which made test timings difficult. You could just +insert `sleep()` statements and hope for the best, but that makes your test +behavior nondeterministic. A better way is to use gMock actions and +`Notification` objects to force your asynchronous test to behave synchronously. + +```cpp +using ::testing::DoAll; +using ::testing::InvokeWithoutArgs; +using ::testing::Return; + +class MockEventDispatcher : public EventDispatcher { + MOCK_METHOD(bool, DispatchEvent, (int32), (override)); +}; + +ACTION_P(Notify, notification) { + notification->Notify(); +} + +TEST(EventQueueTest, EnqueueEventTest) { + MockEventDispatcher mock_event_dispatcher; + EventQueue event_queue(&mock_event_dispatcher); + + const int32 kEventId = 321; + Notification done; + EXPECT_CALL(mock_event_dispatcher, DispatchEvent(kEventId)) + .WillOnce(Notify(&done)); + + event_queue.EnqueueEvent(kEventId); + done.WaitForNotification(); +} +``` + +In the example above, we set our normal gMock expectations, but then add an +additional action to notify the `Notification` object. Now we can just call +`Notification::WaitForNotification()` in the main thread to wait for the +asynchronous call to finish. After that, our test suite is complete and we can +safely exit. + +Note: this example has a downside: namely, if the expectation is not satisfied, +our test will run forever. It will eventually time-out and fail, but it will +take longer and be slightly harder to debug. To alleviate this problem, you can +use `WaitForNotificationWithTimeout(ms)` instead of `WaitForNotification()`. + +## Misc Recipes on Using gMock + +### Mocking Methods That Use Move-Only Types + +C++11 introduced *move-only types*. A move-only-typed value can be moved from +one object to another, but cannot be copied. `std::unique_ptr` is probably +the most commonly used move-only type. + +Mocking a method that takes and/or returns move-only types presents some +challenges, but nothing insurmountable. This recipe shows you how you can do it. +Note that the support for move-only method arguments was only introduced to +gMock in April 2017; in older code, you may find more complex +[workarounds](#LegacyMoveOnly) for lack of this feature. + +Let’s say we are working on a fictional project that lets one post and share +snippets called “buzzes”. Your code uses these types: + +```cpp +enum class AccessLevel { kInternal, kPublic }; + +class Buzz { + public: + explicit Buzz(AccessLevel access) { ... } + ... +}; + +class Buzzer { + public: + virtual ~Buzzer() {} + virtual std::unique_ptr MakeBuzz(StringPiece text) = 0; + virtual bool ShareBuzz(std::unique_ptr buzz, int64_t timestamp) = 0; + ... +}; +``` + +A `Buzz` object represents a snippet being posted. A class that implements the +`Buzzer` interface is capable of creating and sharing `Buzz`es. Methods in +`Buzzer` may return a `unique_ptr` or take a `unique_ptr`. Now we +need to mock `Buzzer` in our tests. + +To mock a method that accepts or returns move-only types, you just use the +familiar `MOCK_METHOD` syntax as usual: + +```cpp +class MockBuzzer : public Buzzer { + public: + MOCK_METHOD(std::unique_ptr, MakeBuzz, (StringPiece text), (override)); + MOCK_METHOD(bool, ShareBuzz, (std::unique_ptr buzz, int64_t timestamp), + (override)); +}; +``` + +Now that we have the mock class defined, we can use it in tests. In the +following code examples, we assume that we have defined a `MockBuzzer` object +named `mock_buzzer_`: + +```cpp + MockBuzzer mock_buzzer_; +``` + +First let’s see how we can set expectations on the `MakeBuzz()` method, which +returns a `unique_ptr`. + +As usual, if you set an expectation without an action (i.e. the `.WillOnce()` or +`.WillRepeatedly()` clause), when that expectation fires, the default action for +that method will be taken. Since `unique_ptr<>` has a default constructor that +returns a null `unique_ptr`, that’s what you’ll get if you don’t specify an +action: + +```cpp + // Use the default action. + EXPECT_CALL(mock_buzzer_, MakeBuzz("hello")); + + // Triggers the previous EXPECT_CALL. + EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, mock_buzzer_.MakeBuzz("hello")); +``` + +If you are not happy with the default action, you can tweak it as usual; see +[Setting Default Actions](#OnCall). + +If you just need to return a pre-defined move-only value, you can use the +`Return(ByMove(...))` action: + +```cpp + // When this fires, the unique_ptr<> specified by ByMove(...) will + // be returned. + EXPECT_CALL(mock_buzzer_, MakeBuzz("world")) + .WillOnce(Return(ByMove(MakeUnique(AccessLevel::kInternal)))); + + EXPECT_NE(nullptr, mock_buzzer_.MakeBuzz("world")); +``` + +Note that `ByMove()` is essential here - if you drop it, the code won’t compile. + +Quiz time! What do you think will happen if a `Return(ByMove(...))` action is +performed more than once (e.g. you write `... +.WillRepeatedly(Return(ByMove(...)));`)? Come think of it, after the first time +the action runs, the source value will be consumed (since it’s a move-only +value), so the next time around, there’s no value to move from -- you’ll get a +run-time error that `Return(ByMove(...))` can only be run once. + +If you need your mock method to do more than just moving a pre-defined value, +remember that you can always use a lambda or a callable object, which can do +pretty much anything you want: + +```cpp + EXPECT_CALL(mock_buzzer_, MakeBuzz("x")) + .WillRepeatedly([](StringPiece text) { + return MakeUnique(AccessLevel::kInternal); + }); + + EXPECT_NE(nullptr, mock_buzzer_.MakeBuzz("x")); + EXPECT_NE(nullptr, mock_buzzer_.MakeBuzz("x")); +``` + +Every time this `EXPECT_CALL` fires, a new `unique_ptr` will be created +and returned. You cannot do this with `Return(ByMove(...))`. + +That covers returning move-only values; but how do we work with methods +accepting move-only arguments? The answer is that they work normally, although +some actions will not compile when any of method's arguments are move-only. You +can always use `Return`, or a [lambda or functor](#FunctionsAsActions): + +```cpp + using ::testing::Unused; + + EXPECT_CALL(mock_buzzer_, ShareBuzz(NotNull(), _)).WillOnce(Return(true)); + EXPECT_TRUE(mock_buzzer_.ShareBuzz(MakeUnique(AccessLevel::kInternal)), + 0); + + EXPECT_CALL(mock_buzzer_, ShareBuzz(_, _)).WillOnce( + [](std::unique_ptr buzz, Unused) { return buzz != nullptr; }); + EXPECT_FALSE(mock_buzzer_.ShareBuzz(nullptr, 0)); +``` + +Many built-in actions (`WithArgs`, `WithoutArgs`,`DeleteArg`, `SaveArg`, ...) +could in principle support move-only arguments, but the support for this is not +implemented yet. If this is blocking you, please file a bug. + +A few actions (e.g. `DoAll`) copy their arguments internally, so they can never +work with non-copyable objects; you'll have to use functors instead. + +#### Legacy workarounds for move-only types {#LegacyMoveOnly} + +Support for move-only function arguments was only introduced to gMock in April +2017. In older code, you may encounter the following workaround for the lack of +this feature (it is no longer necessary - we're including it just for +reference): + +```cpp +class MockBuzzer : public Buzzer { + public: + MOCK_METHOD(bool, DoShareBuzz, (Buzz* buzz, Time timestamp)); + bool ShareBuzz(std::unique_ptr buzz, Time timestamp) override { + return DoShareBuzz(buzz.get(), timestamp); + } +}; +``` + +The trick is to delegate the `ShareBuzz()` method to a mock method (let’s call +it `DoShareBuzz()`) that does not take move-only parameters. Then, instead of +setting expectations on `ShareBuzz()`, you set them on the `DoShareBuzz()` mock +method: + +```cpp + MockBuzzer mock_buzzer_; + EXPECT_CALL(mock_buzzer_, DoShareBuzz(NotNull(), _)); + + // When one calls ShareBuzz() on the MockBuzzer like this, the call is + // forwarded to DoShareBuzz(), which is mocked. Therefore this statement + // will trigger the above EXPECT_CALL. + mock_buzzer_.ShareBuzz(MakeUnique(AccessLevel::kInternal), 0); +``` + +### Making the Compilation Faster + +Believe it or not, the *vast majority* of the time spent on compiling a mock +class is in generating its constructor and destructor, as they perform +non-trivial tasks (e.g. verification of the expectations). What's more, mock +methods with different signatures have different types and thus their +constructors/destructors need to be generated by the compiler separately. As a +result, if you mock many different types of methods, compiling your mock class +can get really slow. + +If you are experiencing slow compilation, you can move the definition of your +mock class' constructor and destructor out of the class body and into a `.cc` +file. This way, even if you `#include` your mock class in N files, the compiler +only needs to generate its constructor and destructor once, resulting in a much +faster compilation. + +Let's illustrate the idea using an example. Here's the definition of a mock +class before applying this recipe: + +```cpp +// File mock_foo.h. +... +class MockFoo : public Foo { + public: + // Since we don't declare the constructor or the destructor, + // the compiler will generate them in every translation unit + // where this mock class is used. + + MOCK_METHOD(int, DoThis, (), (override)); + MOCK_METHOD(bool, DoThat, (const char* str), (override)); + ... more mock methods ... +}; +``` + +After the change, it would look like: + +```cpp +// File mock_foo.h. +... +class MockFoo : public Foo { + public: + // The constructor and destructor are declared, but not defined, here. + MockFoo(); + virtual ~MockFoo(); + + MOCK_METHOD(int, DoThis, (), (override)); + MOCK_METHOD(bool, DoThat, (const char* str), (override)); + ... more mock methods ... +}; +``` + +and + +```cpp +// File mock_foo.cc. +#include "path/to/mock_foo.h" + +// The definitions may appear trivial, but the functions actually do a +// lot of things through the constructors/destructors of the member +// variables used to implement the mock methods. +MockFoo::MockFoo() {} +MockFoo::~MockFoo() {} +``` + +### Forcing a Verification + +When it's being destroyed, your friendly mock object will automatically verify +that all expectations on it have been satisfied, and will generate googletest +failures if not. This is convenient as it leaves you with one less thing to +worry about. That is, unless you are not sure if your mock object will be +destroyed. + +How could it be that your mock object won't eventually be destroyed? Well, it +might be created on the heap and owned by the code you are testing. Suppose +there's a bug in that code and it doesn't delete the mock object properly - you +could end up with a passing test when there's actually a bug. + +Using a heap checker is a good idea and can alleviate the concern, but its +implementation is not 100% reliable. So, sometimes you do want to *force* gMock +to verify a mock object before it is (hopefully) destructed. You can do this +with `Mock::VerifyAndClearExpectations(&mock_object)`: + +```cpp +TEST(MyServerTest, ProcessesRequest) { + using ::testing::Mock; + + MockFoo* const foo = new MockFoo; + EXPECT_CALL(*foo, ...)...; + // ... other expectations ... + + // server now owns foo. + MyServer server(foo); + server.ProcessRequest(...); + + // In case that server's destructor will forget to delete foo, + // this will verify the expectations anyway. + Mock::VerifyAndClearExpectations(foo); +} // server is destroyed when it goes out of scope here. +``` + +**Tip:** The `Mock::VerifyAndClearExpectations()` function returns a `bool` to +indicate whether the verification was successful (`true` for yes), so you can +wrap that function call inside a `ASSERT_TRUE()` if there is no point going +further when the verification has failed. + +### Using Check Points {#UsingCheckPoints} + +Sometimes you may want to "reset" a mock object at various check points in your +test: at each check point, you verify that all existing expectations on the mock +object have been satisfied, and then you set some new expectations on it as if +it's newly created. This allows you to work with a mock object in "phases" whose +sizes are each manageable. + +One such scenario is that in your test's `SetUp()` function, you may want to put +the object you are testing into a certain state, with the help from a mock +object. Once in the desired state, you want to clear all expectations on the +mock, such that in the `TEST_F` body you can set fresh expectations on it. + +As you may have figured out, the `Mock::VerifyAndClearExpectations()` function +we saw in the previous recipe can help you here. Or, if you are using +`ON_CALL()` to set default actions on the mock object and want to clear the +default actions as well, use `Mock::VerifyAndClear(&mock_object)` instead. This +function does what `Mock::VerifyAndClearExpectations(&mock_object)` does and +returns the same `bool`, **plus** it clears the `ON_CALL()` statements on +`mock_object` too. + +Another trick you can use to achieve the same effect is to put the expectations +in sequences and insert calls to a dummy "check-point" function at specific +places. Then you can verify that the mock function calls do happen at the right +time. For example, if you are exercising code: + +```cpp + Foo(1); + Foo(2); + Foo(3); +``` + +and want to verify that `Foo(1)` and `Foo(3)` both invoke `mock.Bar("a")`, but +`Foo(2)` doesn't invoke anything. You can write: + +```cpp +using ::testing::MockFunction; + +TEST(FooTest, InvokesBarCorrectly) { + MyMock mock; + // Class MockFunction has exactly one mock method. It is named + // Call() and has type F. + MockFunction check; + { + InSequence s; + + EXPECT_CALL(mock, Bar("a")); + EXPECT_CALL(check, Call("1")); + EXPECT_CALL(check, Call("2")); + EXPECT_CALL(mock, Bar("a")); + } + Foo(1); + check.Call("1"); + Foo(2); + check.Call("2"); + Foo(3); +} +``` + +The expectation spec says that the first `Bar("a")` must happen before check +point "1", the second `Bar("a")` must happen after check point "2", and nothing +should happen between the two check points. The explicit check points make it +easy to tell which `Bar("a")` is called by which call to `Foo()`. + +### Mocking Destructors + +Sometimes you want to make sure a mock object is destructed at the right time, +e.g. after `bar->A()` is called but before `bar->B()` is called. We already know +that you can specify constraints on the [order](#OrderedCalls) of mock function +calls, so all we need to do is to mock the destructor of the mock function. + +This sounds simple, except for one problem: a destructor is a special function +with special syntax and special semantics, and the `MOCK_METHOD` macro doesn't +work for it: + +```cpp +MOCK_METHOD(void, ~MockFoo, ()); // Won't compile! +``` + +The good news is that you can use a simple pattern to achieve the same effect. +First, add a mock function `Die()` to your mock class and call it in the +destructor, like this: + +```cpp +class MockFoo : public Foo { + ... + // Add the following two lines to the mock class. + MOCK_METHOD(void, Die, ()); + virtual ~MockFoo() { Die(); } +}; +``` + +(If the name `Die()` clashes with an existing symbol, choose another name.) Now, +we have translated the problem of testing when a `MockFoo` object dies to +testing when its `Die()` method is called: + +```cpp + MockFoo* foo = new MockFoo; + MockBar* bar = new MockBar; + ... + { + InSequence s; + + // Expects *foo to die after bar->A() and before bar->B(). + EXPECT_CALL(*bar, A()); + EXPECT_CALL(*foo, Die()); + EXPECT_CALL(*bar, B()); + } +``` + +And that's that. + +### Using gMock and Threads {#UsingThreads} + +In a **unit** test, it's best if you could isolate and test a piece of code in a +single-threaded context. That avoids race conditions and dead locks, and makes +debugging your test much easier. + +Yet most programs are multi-threaded, and sometimes to test something we need to +pound on it from more than one thread. gMock works for this purpose too. + +Remember the steps for using a mock: + +1. Create a mock object `foo`. +2. Set its default actions and expectations using `ON_CALL()` and + `EXPECT_CALL()`. +3. The code under test calls methods of `foo`. +4. Optionally, verify and reset the mock. +5. Destroy the mock yourself, or let the code under test destroy it. The + destructor will automatically verify it. + +If you follow the following simple rules, your mocks and threads can live +happily together: + +* Execute your *test code* (as opposed to the code being tested) in *one* + thread. This makes your test easy to follow. +* Obviously, you can do step #1 without locking. +* When doing step #2 and #5, make sure no other thread is accessing `foo`. + Obvious too, huh? +* #3 and #4 can be done either in one thread or in multiple threads - anyway + you want. gMock takes care of the locking, so you don't have to do any - + unless required by your test logic. + +If you violate the rules (for example, if you set expectations on a mock while +another thread is calling its methods), you get undefined behavior. That's not +fun, so don't do it. + +gMock guarantees that the action for a mock function is done in the same thread +that called the mock function. For example, in + +```cpp + EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo(1)) + .WillOnce(action1); + EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo(2)) + .WillOnce(action2); +``` + +if `Foo(1)` is called in thread 1 and `Foo(2)` is called in thread 2, gMock will +execute `action1` in thread 1 and `action2` in thread 2. + +gMock does *not* impose a sequence on actions performed in different threads +(doing so may create deadlocks as the actions may need to cooperate). This means +that the execution of `action1` and `action2` in the above example *may* +interleave. If this is a problem, you should add proper synchronization logic to +`action1` and `action2` to make the test thread-safe. + +Also, remember that `DefaultValue` is a global resource that potentially +affects *all* living mock objects in your program. Naturally, you won't want to +mess with it from multiple threads or when there still are mocks in action. + +### Controlling How Much Information gMock Prints + +When gMock sees something that has the potential of being an error (e.g. a mock +function with no expectation is called, a.k.a. an uninteresting call, which is +allowed but perhaps you forgot to explicitly ban the call), it prints some +warning messages, including the arguments of the function, the return value, and +the stack trace. Hopefully this will remind you to take a look and see if there +is indeed a problem. + +Sometimes you are confident that your tests are correct and may not appreciate +such friendly messages. Some other times, you are debugging your tests or +learning about the behavior of the code you are testing, and wish you could +observe every mock call that happens (including argument values, the return +value, and the stack trace). Clearly, one size doesn't fit all. + +You can control how much gMock tells you using the `--gmock_verbose=LEVEL` +command-line flag, where `LEVEL` is a string with three possible values: + +* `info`: gMock will print all informational messages, warnings, and errors + (most verbose). At this setting, gMock will also log any calls to the + `ON_CALL/EXPECT_CALL` macros. It will include a stack trace in + "uninteresting call" warnings. +* `warning`: gMock will print both warnings and errors (less verbose); it will + omit the stack traces in "uninteresting call" warnings. This is the default. +* `error`: gMock will print errors only (least verbose). + +Alternatively, you can adjust the value of that flag from within your tests like +so: + +```cpp + ::testing::FLAGS_gmock_verbose = "error"; +``` + +If you find gMock printing too many stack frames with its informational or +warning messages, remember that you can control their amount with the +`--gtest_stack_trace_depth=max_depth` flag. + +Now, judiciously use the right flag to enable gMock serve you better! + +### Gaining Super Vision into Mock Calls + +You have a test using gMock. It fails: gMock tells you some expectations aren't +satisfied. However, you aren't sure why: Is there a typo somewhere in the +matchers? Did you mess up the order of the `EXPECT_CALL`s? Or is the code under +test doing something wrong? How can you find out the cause? + +Won't it be nice if you have X-ray vision and can actually see the trace of all +`EXPECT_CALL`s and mock method calls as they are made? For each call, would you +like to see its actual argument values and which `EXPECT_CALL` gMock thinks it +matches? If you still need some help to figure out who made these calls, how +about being able to see the complete stack trace at each mock call? + +You can unlock this power by running your test with the `--gmock_verbose=info` +flag. For example, given the test program: + +```cpp +#include "gmock/gmock.h" + +using testing::_; +using testing::HasSubstr; +using testing::Return; + +class MockFoo { + public: + MOCK_METHOD(void, F, (const string& x, const string& y)); +}; + +TEST(Foo, Bar) { + MockFoo mock; + EXPECT_CALL(mock, F(_, _)).WillRepeatedly(Return()); + EXPECT_CALL(mock, F("a", "b")); + EXPECT_CALL(mock, F("c", HasSubstr("d"))); + + mock.F("a", "good"); + mock.F("a", "b"); +} +``` + +if you run it with `--gmock_verbose=info`, you will see this output: + +```shell +[ RUN ] Foo.Bar + +foo_test.cc:14: EXPECT_CALL(mock, F(_, _)) invoked +Stack trace: ... + +foo_test.cc:15: EXPECT_CALL(mock, F("a", "b")) invoked +Stack trace: ... + +foo_test.cc:16: EXPECT_CALL(mock, F("c", HasSubstr("d"))) invoked +Stack trace: ... + +foo_test.cc:14: Mock function call matches EXPECT_CALL(mock, F(_, _))... + Function call: F(@0x7fff7c8dad40"a",@0x7fff7c8dad10"good") +Stack trace: ... + +foo_test.cc:15: Mock function call matches EXPECT_CALL(mock, F("a", "b"))... + Function call: F(@0x7fff7c8dada0"a",@0x7fff7c8dad70"b") +Stack trace: ... + +foo_test.cc:16: Failure +Actual function call count doesn't match EXPECT_CALL(mock, F("c", HasSubstr("d")))... + Expected: to be called once + Actual: never called - unsatisfied and active +[ FAILED ] Foo.Bar +``` + +Suppose the bug is that the `"c"` in the third `EXPECT_CALL` is a typo and +should actually be `"a"`. With the above message, you should see that the actual +`F("a", "good")` call is matched by the first `EXPECT_CALL`, not the third as +you thought. From that it should be obvious that the third `EXPECT_CALL` is +written wrong. Case solved. + +If you are interested in the mock call trace but not the stack traces, you can +combine `--gmock_verbose=info` with `--gtest_stack_trace_depth=0` on the test +command line. + + + +### Running Tests in Emacs + +If you build and run your tests in Emacs using the `M-x google-compile` command +(as many googletest users do), the source file locations of gMock and googletest +errors will be highlighted. Just press `` on one of them and you'll be +taken to the offending line. Or, you can just type `C-x`` to jump to the next +error. + +To make it even easier, you can add the following lines to your `~/.emacs` file: + +```text +(global-set-key "\M-m" 'google-compile) ; m is for make +(global-set-key [M-down] 'next-error) +(global-set-key [M-up] '(lambda () (interactive) (next-error -1))) +``` + +Then you can type `M-m` to start a build (if you want to run the test as well, +just make sure `foo_test.run` or `runtests` is in the build command you supply +after typing `M-m`), or `M-up`/`M-down` to move back and forth between errors. + +## Extending gMock + +### Writing New Matchers Quickly {#NewMatchers} + +WARNING: gMock does not guarantee when or how many times a matcher will be +invoked. Therefore, all matchers must be functionally pure. See +[this section](#PureMatchers) for more details. + +The `MATCHER*` family of macros can be used to define custom matchers easily. +The syntax: + +```cpp +MATCHER(name, description_string_expression) { statements; } +``` + +will define a matcher with the given name that executes the statements, which +must return a `bool` to indicate if the match succeeds. Inside the statements, +you can refer to the value being matched by `arg`, and refer to its type by +`arg_type`. + +The *description string* is a `string`-typed expression that documents what the +matcher does, and is used to generate the failure message when the match fails. +It can (and should) reference the special `bool` variable `negation`, and should +evaluate to the description of the matcher when `negation` is `false`, or that +of the matcher's negation when `negation` is `true`. + +For convenience, we allow the description string to be empty (`""`), in which +case gMock will use the sequence of words in the matcher name as the +description. + +For example: + +```cpp +MATCHER(IsDivisibleBy7, "") { return (arg % 7) == 0; } +``` + +allows you to write + +```cpp + // Expects mock_foo.Bar(n) to be called where n is divisible by 7. + EXPECT_CALL(mock_foo, Bar(IsDivisibleBy7())); +``` + +or, + +```cpp + using ::testing::Not; + ... + // Verifies that two values are divisible by 7. + EXPECT_THAT(some_expression, IsDivisibleBy7()); + EXPECT_THAT(some_other_expression, Not(IsDivisibleBy7())); +``` + +If the above assertions fail, they will print something like: + +```shell + Value of: some_expression + Expected: is divisible by 7 + Actual: 27 + ... + Value of: some_other_expression + Expected: not (is divisible by 7) + Actual: 21 +``` + +where the descriptions `"is divisible by 7"` and `"not (is divisible by 7)"` are +automatically calculated from the matcher name `IsDivisibleBy7`. + +As you may have noticed, the auto-generated descriptions (especially those for +the negation) may not be so great. You can always override them with a `string` +expression of your own: + +```cpp +MATCHER(IsDivisibleBy7, + absl::StrCat(negation ? "isn't" : "is", " divisible by 7")) { + return (arg % 7) == 0; +} +``` + +Optionally, you can stream additional information to a hidden argument named +`result_listener` to explain the match result. For example, a better definition +of `IsDivisibleBy7` is: + +```cpp +MATCHER(IsDivisibleBy7, "") { + if ((arg % 7) == 0) + return true; + + *result_listener << "the remainder is " << (arg % 7); + return false; +} +``` + +With this definition, the above assertion will give a better message: + +```shell + Value of: some_expression + Expected: is divisible by 7 + Actual: 27 (the remainder is 6) +``` + +You should let `MatchAndExplain()` print *any additional information* that can +help a user understand the match result. Note that it should explain why the +match succeeds in case of a success (unless it's obvious) - this is useful when +the matcher is used inside `Not()`. There is no need to print the argument value +itself, as gMock already prints it for you. + +NOTE: The type of the value being matched (`arg_type`) is determined by the +context in which you use the matcher and is supplied to you by the compiler, so +you don't need to worry about declaring it (nor can you). This allows the +matcher to be polymorphic. For example, `IsDivisibleBy7()` can be used to match +any type where the value of `(arg % 7) == 0` can be implicitly converted to a +`bool`. In the `Bar(IsDivisibleBy7())` example above, if method `Bar()` takes an +`int`, `arg_type` will be `int`; if it takes an `unsigned long`, `arg_type` will +be `unsigned long`; and so on. + +### Writing New Parameterized Matchers Quickly + +Sometimes you'll want to define a matcher that has parameters. For that you can +use the macro: + +```cpp +MATCHER_P(name, param_name, description_string) { statements; } +``` + +where the description string can be either `""` or a `string` expression that +references `negation` and `param_name`. + +For example: + +```cpp +MATCHER_P(HasAbsoluteValue, value, "") { return abs(arg) == value; } +``` + +will allow you to write: + +```cpp + EXPECT_THAT(Blah("a"), HasAbsoluteValue(n)); +``` + +which may lead to this message (assuming `n` is 10): + +```shell + Value of: Blah("a") + Expected: has absolute value 10 + Actual: -9 +``` + +Note that both the matcher description and its parameter are printed, making the +message human-friendly. + +In the matcher definition body, you can write `foo_type` to reference the type +of a parameter named `foo`. For example, in the body of +`MATCHER_P(HasAbsoluteValue, value)` above, you can write `value_type` to refer +to the type of `value`. + +gMock also provides `MATCHER_P2`, `MATCHER_P3`, ..., up to `MATCHER_P10` to +support multi-parameter matchers: + +```cpp +MATCHER_Pk(name, param_1, ..., param_k, description_string) { statements; } +``` + +Please note that the custom description string is for a particular *instance* of +the matcher, where the parameters have been bound to actual values. Therefore +usually you'll want the parameter values to be part of the description. gMock +lets you do that by referencing the matcher parameters in the description string +expression. + +For example, + +```cpp +using ::testing::PrintToString; +MATCHER_P2(InClosedRange, low, hi, + absl::StrFormat("%s in range [%s, %s]", negation ? "isn't" : "is", + PrintToString(low), PrintToString(hi))) { + return low <= arg && arg <= hi; +} +... +EXPECT_THAT(3, InClosedRange(4, 6)); +``` + +would generate a failure that contains the message: + +```shell + Expected: is in range [4, 6] +``` + +If you specify `""` as the description, the failure message will contain the +sequence of words in the matcher name followed by the parameter values printed +as a tuple. For example, + +```cpp + MATCHER_P2(InClosedRange, low, hi, "") { ... } + ... + EXPECT_THAT(3, InClosedRange(4, 6)); +``` + +would generate a failure that contains the text: + +```shell + Expected: in closed range (4, 6) +``` + +For the purpose of typing, you can view + +```cpp +MATCHER_Pk(Foo, p1, ..., pk, description_string) { ... } +``` + +as shorthand for + +```cpp +template +FooMatcherPk +Foo(p1_type p1, ..., pk_type pk) { ... } +``` + +When you write `Foo(v1, ..., vk)`, the compiler infers the types of the +parameters `v1`, ..., and `vk` for you. If you are not happy with the result of +the type inference, you can specify the types by explicitly instantiating the +template, as in `Foo(5, false)`. As said earlier, you don't get to +(or need to) specify `arg_type` as that's determined by the context in which the +matcher is used. + +You can assign the result of expression `Foo(p1, ..., pk)` to a variable of type +`FooMatcherPk`. This can be useful when composing +matchers. Matchers that don't have a parameter or have only one parameter have +special types: you can assign `Foo()` to a `FooMatcher`-typed variable, and +assign `Foo(p)` to a `FooMatcherP`-typed variable. + +While you can instantiate a matcher template with reference types, passing the +parameters by pointer usually makes your code more readable. If, however, you +still want to pass a parameter by reference, be aware that in the failure +message generated by the matcher you will see the value of the referenced object +but not its address. + +You can overload matchers with different numbers of parameters: + +```cpp +MATCHER_P(Blah, a, description_string_1) { ... } +MATCHER_P2(Blah, a, b, description_string_2) { ... } +``` + +While it's tempting to always use the `MATCHER*` macros when defining a new +matcher, you should also consider implementing `MatcherInterface` or using +`MakePolymorphicMatcher()` instead (see the recipes that follow), especially if +you need to use the matcher a lot. While these approaches require more work, +they give you more control on the types of the value being matched and the +matcher parameters, which in general leads to better compiler error messages +that pay off in the long run. They also allow overloading matchers based on +parameter types (as opposed to just based on the number of parameters). + +### Writing New Monomorphic Matchers + +A matcher of argument type `T` implements `::testing::MatcherInterface` and +does two things: it tests whether a value of type `T` matches the matcher, and +can describe what kind of values it matches. The latter ability is used for +generating readable error messages when expectations are violated. + +The interface looks like this: + +```cpp +class MatchResultListener { + public: + ... + // Streams x to the underlying ostream; does nothing if the ostream + // is NULL. + template + MatchResultListener& operator<<(const T& x); + + // Returns the underlying ostream. + ::std::ostream* stream(); +}; + +template +class MatcherInterface { + public: + virtual ~MatcherInterface(); + + // Returns true if and only if the matcher matches x; also explains the match + // result to 'listener'. + virtual bool MatchAndExplain(T x, MatchResultListener* listener) const = 0; + + // Describes this matcher to an ostream. + virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const = 0; + + // Describes the negation of this matcher to an ostream. + virtual void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const; +}; +``` + +If you need a custom matcher but `Truly()` is not a good option (for example, +you may not be happy with the way `Truly(predicate)` describes itself, or you +may want your matcher to be polymorphic as `Eq(value)` is), you can define a +matcher to do whatever you want in two steps: first implement the matcher +interface, and then define a factory function to create a matcher instance. The +second step is not strictly needed but it makes the syntax of using the matcher +nicer. + +For example, you can define a matcher to test whether an `int` is divisible by 7 +and then use it like this: + +```cpp +using ::testing::MakeMatcher; +using ::testing::Matcher; +using ::testing::MatcherInterface; +using ::testing::MatchResultListener; + +class DivisibleBy7Matcher : public MatcherInterface { + public: + bool MatchAndExplain(int n, + MatchResultListener* /* listener */) const override { + return (n % 7) == 0; + } + + void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const override { + *os << "is divisible by 7"; + } + + void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const override { + *os << "is not divisible by 7"; + } +}; + +Matcher DivisibleBy7() { + return MakeMatcher(new DivisibleBy7Matcher); +} + +... + EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(DivisibleBy7())); +``` + +You may improve the matcher message by streaming additional information to the +`listener` argument in `MatchAndExplain()`: + +```cpp +class DivisibleBy7Matcher : public MatcherInterface { + public: + bool MatchAndExplain(int n, + MatchResultListener* listener) const override { + const int remainder = n % 7; + if (remainder != 0) { + *listener << "the remainder is " << remainder; + } + return remainder == 0; + } + ... +}; +``` + +Then, `EXPECT_THAT(x, DivisibleBy7());` may generate a message like this: + +```shell +Value of: x +Expected: is divisible by 7 + Actual: 23 (the remainder is 2) +``` + +### Writing New Polymorphic Matchers + +You've learned how to write your own matchers in the previous recipe. Just one +problem: a matcher created using `MakeMatcher()` only works for one particular +type of arguments. If you want a *polymorphic* matcher that works with arguments +of several types (for instance, `Eq(x)` can be used to match a *`value`* as long +as `value == x` compiles -- *`value`* and `x` don't have to share the same +type), you can learn the trick from `testing/base/public/gmock-matchers.h` but +it's a bit involved. + +Fortunately, most of the time you can define a polymorphic matcher easily with +the help of `MakePolymorphicMatcher()`. Here's how you can define `NotNull()` as +an example: + +```cpp +using ::testing::MakePolymorphicMatcher; +using ::testing::MatchResultListener; +using ::testing::PolymorphicMatcher; + +class NotNullMatcher { + public: + // To implement a polymorphic matcher, first define a COPYABLE class + // that has three members MatchAndExplain(), DescribeTo(), and + // DescribeNegationTo(), like the following. + + // In this example, we want to use NotNull() with any pointer, so + // MatchAndExplain() accepts a pointer of any type as its first argument. + // In general, you can define MatchAndExplain() as an ordinary method or + // a method template, or even overload it. + template + bool MatchAndExplain(T* p, + MatchResultListener* /* listener */) const { + return p != NULL; + } + + // Describes the property of a value matching this matcher. + void DescribeTo(std::ostream* os) const { *os << "is not NULL"; } + + // Describes the property of a value NOT matching this matcher. + void DescribeNegationTo(std::ostream* os) const { *os << "is NULL"; } +}; + +// To construct a polymorphic matcher, pass an instance of the class +// to MakePolymorphicMatcher(). Note the return type. +PolymorphicMatcher NotNull() { + return MakePolymorphicMatcher(NotNullMatcher()); +} + +... + + EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(NotNull())); // The argument must be a non-NULL pointer. +``` + +**Note:** Your polymorphic matcher class does **not** need to inherit from +`MatcherInterface` or any other class, and its methods do **not** need to be +virtual. + +Like in a monomorphic matcher, you may explain the match result by streaming +additional information to the `listener` argument in `MatchAndExplain()`. + +### Writing New Cardinalities + +A cardinality is used in `Times()` to tell gMock how many times you expect a +call to occur. It doesn't have to be exact. For example, you can say +`AtLeast(5)` or `Between(2, 4)`. + +If the [built-in set](cheat_sheet.md#CardinalityList) of cardinalities doesn't +suit you, you are free to define your own by implementing the following +interface (in namespace `testing`): + +```cpp +class CardinalityInterface { + public: + virtual ~CardinalityInterface(); + + // Returns true if and only if call_count calls will satisfy this cardinality. + virtual bool IsSatisfiedByCallCount(int call_count) const = 0; + + // Returns true if and only if call_count calls will saturate this + // cardinality. + virtual bool IsSaturatedByCallCount(int call_count) const = 0; + + // Describes self to an ostream. + virtual void DescribeTo(std::ostream* os) const = 0; +}; +``` + +For example, to specify that a call must occur even number of times, you can +write + +```cpp +using ::testing::Cardinality; +using ::testing::CardinalityInterface; +using ::testing::MakeCardinality; + +class EvenNumberCardinality : public CardinalityInterface { + public: + bool IsSatisfiedByCallCount(int call_count) const override { + return (call_count % 2) == 0; + } + + bool IsSaturatedByCallCount(int call_count) const override { + return false; + } + + void DescribeTo(std::ostream* os) const { + *os << "called even number of times"; + } +}; + +Cardinality EvenNumber() { + return MakeCardinality(new EvenNumberCardinality); +} + +... + EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(3)) + .Times(EvenNumber()); +``` + +### Writing New Actions Quickly {#QuickNewActions} + +If the built-in actions don't work for you, you can easily define your own one. +Just define a functor class with a (possibly templated) call operator, matching +the signature of your action. + +```cpp +struct Increment { + template + T operator()(T* arg) { + return ++(*arg); + } +} +``` + +The same approach works with stateful functors (or any callable, really): + +``` +struct MultiplyBy { + template + T operator()(T arg) { return arg * multiplier; } + + int multiplier; +} + +// Then use: +// EXPECT_CALL(...).WillOnce(MultiplyBy{7}); +``` + +#### Legacy macro-based Actions + +Before C++11, the functor-based actions were not supported; the old way of +writing actions was through a set of `ACTION*` macros. We suggest to avoid them +in new code; they hide a lot of logic behind the macro, potentially leading to +harder-to-understand compiler errors. Nevertheless, we cover them here for +completeness. + +By writing + +```cpp +ACTION(name) { statements; } +``` + +in a namespace scope (i.e. not inside a class or function), you will define an +action with the given name that executes the statements. The value returned by +`statements` will be used as the return value of the action. Inside the +statements, you can refer to the K-th (0-based) argument of the mock function as +`argK`. For example: + +```cpp +ACTION(IncrementArg1) { return ++(*arg1); } +``` + +allows you to write + +```cpp +... WillOnce(IncrementArg1()); +``` + +Note that you don't need to specify the types of the mock function arguments. +Rest assured that your code is type-safe though: you'll get a compiler error if +`*arg1` doesn't support the `++` operator, or if the type of `++(*arg1)` isn't +compatible with the mock function's return type. + +Another example: + +```cpp +ACTION(Foo) { + (*arg2)(5); + Blah(); + *arg1 = 0; + return arg0; +} +``` + +defines an action `Foo()` that invokes argument #2 (a function pointer) with 5, +calls function `Blah()`, sets the value pointed to by argument #1 to 0, and +returns argument #0. + +For more convenience and flexibility, you can also use the following pre-defined +symbols in the body of `ACTION`: + +`argK_type` | The type of the K-th (0-based) argument of the mock function +:-------------- | :----------------------------------------------------------- +`args` | All arguments of the mock function as a tuple +`args_type` | The type of all arguments of the mock function as a tuple +`return_type` | The return type of the mock function +`function_type` | The type of the mock function + +For example, when using an `ACTION` as a stub action for mock function: + +```cpp +int DoSomething(bool flag, int* ptr); +``` + +we have: + +Pre-defined Symbol | Is Bound To +------------------ | --------------------------------- +`arg0` | the value of `flag` +`arg0_type` | the type `bool` +`arg1` | the value of `ptr` +`arg1_type` | the type `int*` +`args` | the tuple `(flag, ptr)` +`args_type` | the type `std::tuple` +`return_type` | the type `int` +`function_type` | the type `int(bool, int*)` + +#### Legacy macro-based parameterized Actions + +Sometimes you'll want to parameterize an action you define. For that we have +another macro + +```cpp +ACTION_P(name, param) { statements; } +``` + +For example, + +```cpp +ACTION_P(Add, n) { return arg0 + n; } +``` + +will allow you to write + +```cpp +// Returns argument #0 + 5. +... WillOnce(Add(5)); +``` + +For convenience, we use the term *arguments* for the values used to invoke the +mock function, and the term *parameters* for the values used to instantiate an +action. + +Note that you don't need to provide the type of the parameter either. Suppose +the parameter is named `param`, you can also use the gMock-defined symbol +`param_type` to refer to the type of the parameter as inferred by the compiler. +For example, in the body of `ACTION_P(Add, n)` above, you can write `n_type` for +the type of `n`. + +gMock also provides `ACTION_P2`, `ACTION_P3`, and etc to support multi-parameter +actions. For example, + +```cpp +ACTION_P2(ReturnDistanceTo, x, y) { + double dx = arg0 - x; + double dy = arg1 - y; + return sqrt(dx*dx + dy*dy); +} +``` + +lets you write + +```cpp +... WillOnce(ReturnDistanceTo(5.0, 26.5)); +``` + +You can view `ACTION` as a degenerated parameterized action where the number of +parameters is 0. + +You can also easily define actions overloaded on the number of parameters: + +```cpp +ACTION_P(Plus, a) { ... } +ACTION_P2(Plus, a, b) { ... } +``` + +### Restricting the Type of an Argument or Parameter in an ACTION + +For maximum brevity and reusability, the `ACTION*` macros don't ask you to +provide the types of the mock function arguments and the action parameters. +Instead, we let the compiler infer the types for us. + +Sometimes, however, we may want to be more explicit about the types. There are +several tricks to do that. For example: + +```cpp +ACTION(Foo) { + // Makes sure arg0 can be converted to int. + int n = arg0; + ... use n instead of arg0 here ... +} + +ACTION_P(Bar, param) { + // Makes sure the type of arg1 is const char*. + ::testing::StaticAssertTypeEq(); + + // Makes sure param can be converted to bool. + bool flag = param; +} +``` + +where `StaticAssertTypeEq` is a compile-time assertion in googletest that +verifies two types are the same. + +### Writing New Action Templates Quickly + +Sometimes you want to give an action explicit template parameters that cannot be +inferred from its value parameters. `ACTION_TEMPLATE()` supports that and can be +viewed as an extension to `ACTION()` and `ACTION_P*()`. + +The syntax: + +```cpp +ACTION_TEMPLATE(ActionName, + HAS_m_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(kind1, name1, ..., kind_m, name_m), + AND_n_VALUE_PARAMS(p1, ..., p_n)) { statements; } +``` + +defines an action template that takes *m* explicit template parameters and *n* +value parameters, where *m* is in [1, 10] and *n* is in [0, 10]. `name_i` is the +name of the *i*-th template parameter, and `kind_i` specifies whether it's a +`typename`, an integral constant, or a template. `p_i` is the name of the *i*-th +value parameter. + +Example: + +```cpp +// DuplicateArg(output) converts the k-th argument of the mock +// function to type T and copies it to *output. +ACTION_TEMPLATE(DuplicateArg, + // Note the comma between int and k: + HAS_2_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(int, k, typename, T), + AND_1_VALUE_PARAMS(output)) { + *output = T(::std::get(args)); +} +``` + +To create an instance of an action template, write: + +```cpp +ActionName(v1, ..., v_n) +``` + +where the `t`s are the template arguments and the `v`s are the value arguments. +The value argument types are inferred by the compiler. For example: + +```cpp +using ::testing::_; +... + int n; + EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo).WillOnce(DuplicateArg<1, unsigned char>(&n)); +``` + +If you want to explicitly specify the value argument types, you can provide +additional template arguments: + +```cpp +ActionName(v1, ..., v_n) +``` + +where `u_i` is the desired type of `v_i`. + +`ACTION_TEMPLATE` and `ACTION`/`ACTION_P*` can be overloaded on the number of +value parameters, but not on the number of template parameters. Without the +restriction, the meaning of the following is unclear: + +```cpp + OverloadedAction(x); +``` + +Are we using a single-template-parameter action where `bool` refers to the type +of `x`, or a two-template-parameter action where the compiler is asked to infer +the type of `x`? + +### Using the ACTION Object's Type + +If you are writing a function that returns an `ACTION` object, you'll need to +know its type. The type depends on the macro used to define the action and the +parameter types. The rule is relatively simple: + +| Given Definition | Expression | Has Type | +| ----------------------------- | ------------------- | --------------------- | +| `ACTION(Foo)` | `Foo()` | `FooAction` | +| `ACTION_TEMPLATE(Foo,` | `Foo()` : t_m>` : +: `AND_0_VALUE_PARAMS())` : : : +| `ACTION_P(Bar, param)` | `Bar(int_value)` | `BarActionP` | +| `ACTION_TEMPLATE(Bar,` | `Bar` | `FooActionP` : +: `AND_1_VALUE_PARAMS(p1))` : : : +| `ACTION_P2(Baz, p1, p2)` | `Baz(bool_value,` | `BazActionP2` : +| `ACTION_TEMPLATE(Baz,` | `Baz` | `FooActionP2` : +: `AND_2_VALUE_PARAMS(p1, p2))` : `int_value)` : : +| ... | ... | ... | + +Note that we have to pick different suffixes (`Action`, `ActionP`, `ActionP2`, +and etc) for actions with different numbers of value parameters, or the action +definitions cannot be overloaded on the number of them. + +### Writing New Monomorphic Actions {#NewMonoActions} + +While the `ACTION*` macros are very convenient, sometimes they are +inappropriate. For example, despite the tricks shown in the previous recipes, +they don't let you directly specify the types of the mock function arguments and +the action parameters, which in general leads to unoptimized compiler error +messages that can baffle unfamiliar users. They also don't allow overloading +actions based on parameter types without jumping through some hoops. + +An alternative to the `ACTION*` macros is to implement +`::testing::ActionInterface`, where `F` is the type of the mock function in +which the action will be used. For example: + +```cpp +template +class ActionInterface { + public: + virtual ~ActionInterface(); + + // Performs the action. Result is the return type of function type + // F, and ArgumentTuple is the tuple of arguments of F. + // + + // For example, if F is int(bool, const string&), then Result would + // be int, and ArgumentTuple would be ::std::tuple. + virtual Result Perform(const ArgumentTuple& args) = 0; +}; +``` + +```cpp +using ::testing::_; +using ::testing::Action; +using ::testing::ActionInterface; +using ::testing::MakeAction; + +typedef int IncrementMethod(int*); + +class IncrementArgumentAction : public ActionInterface { + public: + int Perform(const ::std::tuple& args) override { + int* p = ::std::get<0>(args); // Grabs the first argument. + return *p++; + } +}; + +Action IncrementArgument() { + return MakeAction(new IncrementArgumentAction); +} + +... + EXPECT_CALL(foo, Baz(_)) + .WillOnce(IncrementArgument()); + + int n = 5; + foo.Baz(&n); // Should return 5 and change n to 6. +``` + +### Writing New Polymorphic Actions {#NewPolyActions} + +The previous recipe showed you how to define your own action. This is all good, +except that you need to know the type of the function in which the action will +be used. Sometimes that can be a problem. For example, if you want to use the +action in functions with *different* types (e.g. like `Return()` and +`SetArgPointee()`). + +If an action can be used in several types of mock functions, we say it's +*polymorphic*. The `MakePolymorphicAction()` function template makes it easy to +define such an action: + +```cpp +namespace testing { +template +PolymorphicAction MakePolymorphicAction(const Impl& impl); +} // namespace testing +``` + +As an example, let's define an action that returns the second argument in the +mock function's argument list. The first step is to define an implementation +class: + +```cpp +class ReturnSecondArgumentAction { + public: + template + Result Perform(const ArgumentTuple& args) const { + // To get the i-th (0-based) argument, use ::std::get(args). + return ::std::get<1>(args); + } +}; +``` + +This implementation class does *not* need to inherit from any particular class. +What matters is that it must have a `Perform()` method template. This method +template takes the mock function's arguments as a tuple in a **single** +argument, and returns the result of the action. It can be either `const` or not, +but must be invokable with exactly one template argument, which is the result +type. In other words, you must be able to call `Perform(args)` where `R` is +the mock function's return type and `args` is its arguments in a tuple. + +Next, we use `MakePolymorphicAction()` to turn an instance of the implementation +class into the polymorphic action we need. It will be convenient to have a +wrapper for this: + +```cpp +using ::testing::MakePolymorphicAction; +using ::testing::PolymorphicAction; + +PolymorphicAction ReturnSecondArgument() { + return MakePolymorphicAction(ReturnSecondArgumentAction()); +} +``` + +Now, you can use this polymorphic action the same way you use the built-in ones: + +```cpp +using ::testing::_; + +class MockFoo : public Foo { + public: + MOCK_METHOD(int, DoThis, (bool flag, int n), (override)); + MOCK_METHOD(string, DoThat, (int x, const char* str1, const char* str2), + (override)); +}; + + ... + MockFoo foo; + EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis).WillOnce(ReturnSecondArgument()); + EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThat).WillOnce(ReturnSecondArgument()); + ... + foo.DoThis(true, 5); // Will return 5. + foo.DoThat(1, "Hi", "Bye"); // Will return "Hi". +``` + +### Teaching gMock How to Print Your Values + +When an uninteresting or unexpected call occurs, gMock prints the argument +values and the stack trace to help you debug. Assertion macros like +`EXPECT_THAT` and `EXPECT_EQ` also print the values in question when the +assertion fails. gMock and googletest do this using googletest's user-extensible +value printer. + +This printer knows how to print built-in C++ types, native arrays, STL +containers, and any type that supports the `<<` operator. For other types, it +prints the raw bytes in the value and hopes that you the user can figure it out. +[googletest's advanced guide](../../googletest/docs/advanced.md#teaching-googletest-how-to-print-your-values) +explains how to extend the printer to do a better job at printing your +particular type than to dump the bytes. + +## Useful Mocks Created Using gMock + + + + +### Mock std::function {#MockFunction} + +`std::function` is a general function type introduced in C++11. It is a +preferred way of passing callbacks to new interfaces. Functions are copiable, +and are not usually passed around by pointer, which makes them tricky to mock. +But fear not - `MockFunction` can help you with that. + +`MockFunction` has a mock method `Call()` with the signature: + +```cpp + R Call(T1, ..., Tn); +``` + +It also has a `AsStdFunction()` method, which creates a `std::function` proxy +forwarding to Call: + +```cpp + std::function AsStdFunction(); +``` + +To use `MockFunction`, first create `MockFunction` object and set up +expectations on its `Call` method. Then pass proxy obtained from +`AsStdFunction()` to the code you are testing. For example: + +```cpp +TEST(FooTest, RunsCallbackWithBarArgument) { + // 1. Create a mock object. + MockFunction mock_function; + + // 2. Set expectations on Call() method. + EXPECT_CALL(mock_function, Call("bar")).WillOnce(Return(1)); + + // 3. Exercise code that uses std::function. + Foo(mock_function.AsStdFunction()); + // Foo's signature can be either of: + // void Foo(const std::function& fun); + // void Foo(std::function fun); + + // 4. All expectations will be verified when mock_function + // goes out of scope and is destroyed. +} +``` + +Remember that function objects created with `AsStdFunction()` are just +forwarders. If you create multiple of them, they will share the same set of +expectations. + +Although `std::function` supports unlimited number of arguments, `MockFunction` +implementation is limited to ten. If you ever hit that limit... well, your +callback has bigger problems than being mockable. :-) + + diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/for_dummies.md b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/for_dummies.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e11c18d --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/for_dummies.md @@ -0,0 +1,700 @@ +## gMock for Dummies {#GMockForDummies} + + + +### What Is gMock? + +When you write a prototype or test, often it's not feasible or wise to rely on +real objects entirely. A **mock object** implements the same interface as a real +object (so it can be used as one), but lets you specify at run time how it will +be used and what it should do (which methods will be called? in which order? how +many times? with what arguments? what will they return? etc). + +**Note:** It is easy to confuse the term *fake objects* with mock objects. Fakes +and mocks actually mean very different things in the Test-Driven Development +(TDD) community: + +* **Fake** objects have working implementations, but usually take some + shortcut (perhaps to make the operations less expensive), which makes them + not suitable for production. An in-memory file system would be an example of + a fake. +* **Mocks** are objects pre-programmed with *expectations*, which form a + specification of the calls they are expected to receive. + +If all this seems too abstract for you, don't worry - the most important thing +to remember is that a mock allows you to check the *interaction* between itself +and code that uses it. The difference between fakes and mocks shall become much +clearer once you start to use mocks. + +**gMock** is a library (sometimes we also call it a "framework" to make it sound +cool) for creating mock classes and using them. It does to C++ what +jMock/EasyMock does to Java (well, more or less). + +When using gMock, + +1. first, you use some simple macros to describe the interface you want to + mock, and they will expand to the implementation of your mock class; +2. next, you create some mock objects and specify its expectations and behavior + using an intuitive syntax; +3. then you exercise code that uses the mock objects. gMock will catch any + violation to the expectations as soon as it arises. + +### Why gMock? + +While mock objects help you remove unnecessary dependencies in tests and make +them fast and reliable, using mocks manually in C++ is *hard*: + +* Someone has to implement the mocks. The job is usually tedious and + error-prone. No wonder people go great distance to avoid it. +* The quality of those manually written mocks is a bit, uh, unpredictable. You + may see some really polished ones, but you may also see some that were + hacked up in a hurry and have all sorts of ad hoc restrictions. +* The knowledge you gained from using one mock doesn't transfer to the next + one. + +In contrast, Java and Python programmers have some fine mock frameworks (jMock, +EasyMock, [Mox](http://wtf/mox), etc), which automate the creation of mocks. As +a result, mocking is a proven effective technique and widely adopted practice in +those communities. Having the right tool absolutely makes the difference. + +gMock was built to help C++ programmers. It was inspired by jMock and EasyMock, +but designed with C++'s specifics in mind. It is your friend if any of the +following problems is bothering you: + +* You are stuck with a sub-optimal design and wish you had done more + prototyping before it was too late, but prototyping in C++ is by no means + "rapid". +* Your tests are slow as they depend on too many libraries or use expensive + resources (e.g. a database). +* Your tests are brittle as some resources they use are unreliable (e.g. the + network). +* You want to test how your code handles a failure (e.g. a file checksum + error), but it's not easy to cause one. +* You need to make sure that your module interacts with other modules in the + right way, but it's hard to observe the interaction; therefore you resort to + observing the side effects at the end of the action, but it's awkward at + best. +* You want to "mock out" your dependencies, except that they don't have mock + implementations yet; and, frankly, you aren't thrilled by some of those + hand-written mocks. + +We encourage you to use gMock as + +* a *design* tool, for it lets you experiment with your interface design early + and often. More iterations lead to better designs! +* a *testing* tool to cut your tests' outbound dependencies and probe the + interaction between your module and its collaborators. + +### Getting Started + +gMock is bundled with googletest. + +### A Case for Mock Turtles + +Let's look at an example. Suppose you are developing a graphics program that +relies on a [LOGO](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logo_programming_language)-like +API for drawing. How would you test that it does the right thing? Well, you can +run it and compare the screen with a golden screen snapshot, but let's admit it: +tests like this are expensive to run and fragile (What if you just upgraded to a +shiny new graphics card that has better anti-aliasing? Suddenly you have to +update all your golden images.). It would be too painful if all your tests are +like this. Fortunately, you learned about +[Dependency Injection](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependency_injection) and know the right thing +to do: instead of having your application talk to the system API directly, wrap +the API in an interface (say, `Turtle`) and code to that interface: + +```cpp +class Turtle { + ... + virtual ~Turtle() {}; + virtual void PenUp() = 0; + virtual void PenDown() = 0; + virtual void Forward(int distance) = 0; + virtual void Turn(int degrees) = 0; + virtual void GoTo(int x, int y) = 0; + virtual int GetX() const = 0; + virtual int GetY() const = 0; +}; +``` + +(Note that the destructor of `Turtle` **must** be virtual, as is the case for +**all** classes you intend to inherit from - otherwise the destructor of the +derived class will not be called when you delete an object through a base +pointer, and you'll get corrupted program states like memory leaks.) + +You can control whether the turtle's movement will leave a trace using `PenUp()` +and `PenDown()`, and control its movement using `Forward()`, `Turn()`, and +`GoTo()`. Finally, `GetX()` and `GetY()` tell you the current position of the +turtle. + +Your program will normally use a real implementation of this interface. In +tests, you can use a mock implementation instead. This allows you to easily +check what drawing primitives your program is calling, with what arguments, and +in which order. Tests written this way are much more robust (they won't break +because your new machine does anti-aliasing differently), easier to read and +maintain (the intent of a test is expressed in the code, not in some binary +images), and run *much, much faster*. + +### Writing the Mock Class + +If you are lucky, the mocks you need to use have already been implemented by +some nice people. If, however, you find yourself in the position to write a mock +class, relax - gMock turns this task into a fun game! (Well, almost.) + +#### How to Define It + +Using the `Turtle` interface as example, here are the simple steps you need to +follow: + +* Derive a class `MockTurtle` from `Turtle`. +* Take a *virtual* function of `Turtle` (while it's possible to + [mock non-virtual methods using templates](cook_book.md#MockingNonVirtualMethods), + it's much more involved). +* In the `public:` section of the child class, write `MOCK_METHOD();` +* Now comes the fun part: you take the function signature, cut-and-paste it + into the macro, and add two commas - one between the return type and the + name, another between the name and the argument list. +* If you're mocking a const method, add a 4th parameter containing `(const)` + (the parentheses are required). +* Since you're overriding a virtual method, we suggest adding the `override` + keyword. For const methods the 4th parameter becomes `(const, override)`, + for non-const methods just `(override)`. This isn't mandatory. +* Repeat until all virtual functions you want to mock are done. (It goes + without saying that *all* pure virtual methods in your abstract class must + be either mocked or overridden.) + +After the process, you should have something like: + +```cpp +#include "gmock/gmock.h" // Brings in gMock. + +class MockTurtle : public Turtle { + public: + ... + MOCK_METHOD(void, PenUp, (), (override)); + MOCK_METHOD(void, PenDown, (), (override)); + MOCK_METHOD(void, Forward, (int distance), (override)); + MOCK_METHOD(void, Turn, (int degrees), (override)); + MOCK_METHOD(void, GoTo, (int x, int y), (override)); + MOCK_METHOD(int, GetX, (), (const, override)); + MOCK_METHOD(int, GetY, (), (const, override)); +}; +``` + +You don't need to define these mock methods somewhere else - the `MOCK_METHOD` +macro will generate the definitions for you. It's that simple! + +#### Where to Put It + +When you define a mock class, you need to decide where to put its definition. +Some people put it in a `_test.cc`. This is fine when the interface being mocked +(say, `Foo`) is owned by the same person or team. Otherwise, when the owner of +`Foo` changes it, your test could break. (You can't really expect `Foo`'s +maintainer to fix every test that uses `Foo`, can you?) + +So, the rule of thumb is: if you need to mock `Foo` and it's owned by others, +define the mock class in `Foo`'s package (better, in a `testing` sub-package +such that you can clearly separate production code and testing utilities), put +it in a `.h` and a `cc_library`. Then everyone can reference them from their +tests. If `Foo` ever changes, there is only one copy of `MockFoo` to change, and +only tests that depend on the changed methods need to be fixed. + +Another way to do it: you can introduce a thin layer `FooAdaptor` on top of +`Foo` and code to this new interface. Since you own `FooAdaptor`, you can absorb +changes in `Foo` much more easily. While this is more work initially, carefully +choosing the adaptor interface can make your code easier to write and more +readable (a net win in the long run), as you can choose `FooAdaptor` to fit your +specific domain much better than `Foo` does. + + + +### Using Mocks in Tests + +Once you have a mock class, using it is easy. The typical work flow is: + +1. Import the gMock names from the `testing` namespace such that you can use + them unqualified (You only have to do it once per file. Remember that + namespaces are a good idea. +2. Create some mock objects. +3. Specify your expectations on them (How many times will a method be called? + With what arguments? What should it do? etc.). +4. Exercise some code that uses the mocks; optionally, check the result using + googletest assertions. If a mock method is called more than expected or with + wrong arguments, you'll get an error immediately. +5. When a mock is destructed, gMock will automatically check whether all + expectations on it have been satisfied. + +Here's an example: + +```cpp +#include "path/to/mock-turtle.h" +#include "gmock/gmock.h" +#include "gtest/gtest.h" + +using ::testing::AtLeast; // #1 + +TEST(PainterTest, CanDrawSomething) { + MockTurtle turtle; // #2 + EXPECT_CALL(turtle, PenDown()) // #3 + .Times(AtLeast(1)); + + Painter painter(&turtle); // #4 + + EXPECT_TRUE(painter.DrawCircle(0, 0, 10)); // #5 +} +``` + +As you might have guessed, this test checks that `PenDown()` is called at least +once. If the `painter` object didn't call this method, your test will fail with +a message like this: + +```text +path/to/my_test.cc:119: Failure +Actual function call count doesn't match this expectation: +Actually: never called; +Expected: called at least once. +Stack trace: +... +``` + +**Tip 1:** If you run the test from an Emacs buffer, you can hit on the +line number to jump right to the failed expectation. + +**Tip 2:** If your mock objects are never deleted, the final verification won't +happen. Therefore it's a good idea to turn on the heap checker in your tests +when you allocate mocks on the heap. You get that automatically if you use the +`gtest_main` library already. + +**Important note:** gMock requires expectations to be set **before** the mock +functions are called, otherwise the behavior is **undefined**. In particular, +you mustn't interleave `EXPECT_CALL()s` and calls to the mock functions. + +This means `EXPECT_CALL()` should be read as expecting that a call will occur +*in the future*, not that a call has occurred. Why does gMock work like that? +Well, specifying the expectation beforehand allows gMock to report a violation +as soon as it rises, when the context (stack trace, etc) is still available. +This makes debugging much easier. + +Admittedly, this test is contrived and doesn't do much. You can easily achieve +the same effect without using gMock. However, as we shall reveal soon, gMock +allows you to do *so much more* with the mocks. + +### Setting Expectations + +The key to using a mock object successfully is to set the *right expectations* +on it. If you set the expectations too strict, your test will fail as the result +of unrelated changes. If you set them too loose, bugs can slip through. You want +to do it just right such that your test can catch exactly the kind of bugs you +intend it to catch. gMock provides the necessary means for you to do it "just +right." + +#### General Syntax + +In gMock we use the `EXPECT_CALL()` macro to set an expectation on a mock +method. The general syntax is: + +```cpp +EXPECT_CALL(mock_object, method(matchers)) + .Times(cardinality) + .WillOnce(action) + .WillRepeatedly(action); +``` + +The macro has two arguments: first the mock object, and then the method and its +arguments. Note that the two are separated by a comma (`,`), not a period (`.`). +(Why using a comma? The answer is that it was necessary for technical reasons.) +If the method is not overloaded, the macro can also be called without matchers: + +```cpp +EXPECT_CALL(mock_object, non-overloaded-method) + .Times(cardinality) + .WillOnce(action) + .WillRepeatedly(action); +``` + +This syntax allows the test writer to specify "called with any arguments" +without explicitly specifying the number or types of arguments. To avoid +unintended ambiguity, this syntax may only be used for methods which are not +overloaded + +Either form of the macro can be followed by some optional *clauses* that provide +more information about the expectation. We'll discuss how each clause works in +the coming sections. + +This syntax is designed to make an expectation read like English. For example, +you can probably guess that + +```cpp +using ::testing::Return; +... +EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GetX()) + .Times(5) + .WillOnce(Return(100)) + .WillOnce(Return(150)) + .WillRepeatedly(Return(200)); +``` + +says that the `turtle` object's `GetX()` method will be called five times, it +will return 100 the first time, 150 the second time, and then 200 every time. +Some people like to call this style of syntax a Domain-Specific Language (DSL). + +**Note:** Why do we use a macro to do this? Well it serves two purposes: first +it makes expectations easily identifiable (either by `gsearch` or by a human +reader), and second it allows gMock to include the source file location of a +failed expectation in messages, making debugging easier. + +#### Matchers: What Arguments Do We Expect? + +When a mock function takes arguments, we may specify what arguments we are +expecting, for example: + +```cpp +// Expects the turtle to move forward by 100 units. +EXPECT_CALL(turtle, Forward(100)); +``` + +Oftentimes you do not want to be too specific. Remember that talk about tests +being too rigid? Over specification leads to brittle tests and obscures the +intent of tests. Therefore we encourage you to specify only what's necessary—no +more, no less. If you aren't interested in the value of an argument, write `_` +as the argument, which means "anything goes": + +```cpp +using ::testing::_; +... +// Expects that the turtle jumps to somewhere on the x=50 line. +EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GoTo(50, _)); +``` + +`_` is an instance of what we call **matchers**. A matcher is like a predicate +and can test whether an argument is what we'd expect. You can use a matcher +inside `EXPECT_CALL()` wherever a function argument is expected. `_` is a +convenient way of saying "any value". + +In the above examples, `100` and `50` are also matchers; implicitly, they are +the same as `Eq(100)` and `Eq(50)`, which specify that the argument must be +equal (using `operator==`) to the matcher argument. There are many +[built-in matchers](#MatcherList) for common types (as well as +[custom matchers](cook_book.md#NewMatchers)); for example: + +```cpp +using ::testing::Ge; +... +// Expects the turtle moves forward by at least 100. +EXPECT_CALL(turtle, Forward(Ge(100))); +``` + +If you don't care about *any* arguments, rather than specify `_` for each of +them you may instead omit the parameter list: + +```cpp +// Expects the turtle to move forward. +EXPECT_CALL(turtle, Forward); +// Expects the turtle to jump somewhere. +EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GoTo); +``` + +This works for all non-overloaded methods; if a method is overloaded, you need +to help gMock resolve which overload is expected by specifying the number of +arguments and possibly also the +[types of the arguments](cook_book.md#SelectOverload). + +#### Cardinalities: How Many Times Will It Be Called? + +The first clause we can specify following an `EXPECT_CALL()` is `Times()`. We +call its argument a **cardinality** as it tells *how many times* the call should +occur. It allows us to repeat an expectation many times without actually writing +it as many times. More importantly, a cardinality can be "fuzzy", just like a +matcher can be. This allows a user to express the intent of a test exactly. + +An interesting special case is when we say `Times(0)`. You may have guessed - it +means that the function shouldn't be called with the given arguments at all, and +gMock will report a googletest failure whenever the function is (wrongfully) +called. + +We've seen `AtLeast(n)` as an example of fuzzy cardinalities earlier. For the +list of built-in cardinalities you can use, see +[here](cheat_sheet.md#CardinalityList). + +The `Times()` clause can be omitted. **If you omit `Times()`, gMock will infer +the cardinality for you.** The rules are easy to remember: + +* If **neither** `WillOnce()` **nor** `WillRepeatedly()` is in the + `EXPECT_CALL()`, the inferred cardinality is `Times(1)`. +* If there are *n* `WillOnce()`'s but **no** `WillRepeatedly()`, where *n* >= + 1, the cardinality is `Times(n)`. +* If there are *n* `WillOnce()`'s and **one** `WillRepeatedly()`, where *n* >= + 0, the cardinality is `Times(AtLeast(n))`. + +**Quick quiz:** what do you think will happen if a function is expected to be +called twice but actually called four times? + +#### Actions: What Should It Do? + +Remember that a mock object doesn't really have a working implementation? We as +users have to tell it what to do when a method is invoked. This is easy in +gMock. + +First, if the return type of a mock function is a built-in type or a pointer, +the function has a **default action** (a `void` function will just return, a +`bool` function will return `false`, and other functions will return 0). In +addition, in C++ 11 and above, a mock function whose return type is +default-constructible (i.e. has a default constructor) has a default action of +returning a default-constructed value. If you don't say anything, this behavior +will be used. + +Second, if a mock function doesn't have a default action, or the default action +doesn't suit you, you can specify the action to be taken each time the +expectation matches using a series of `WillOnce()` clauses followed by an +optional `WillRepeatedly()`. For example, + +```cpp +using ::testing::Return; +... +EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GetX()) + .WillOnce(Return(100)) + .WillOnce(Return(200)) + .WillOnce(Return(300)); +``` + +says that `turtle.GetX()` will be called *exactly three times* (gMock inferred +this from how many `WillOnce()` clauses we've written, since we didn't +explicitly write `Times()`), and will return 100, 200, and 300 respectively. + +```cpp +using ::testing::Return; +... +EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GetY()) + .WillOnce(Return(100)) + .WillOnce(Return(200)) + .WillRepeatedly(Return(300)); +``` + +says that `turtle.GetY()` will be called *at least twice* (gMock knows this as +we've written two `WillOnce()` clauses and a `WillRepeatedly()` while having no +explicit `Times()`), will return 100 and 200 respectively the first two times, +and 300 from the third time on. + +Of course, if you explicitly write a `Times()`, gMock will not try to infer the +cardinality itself. What if the number you specified is larger than there are +`WillOnce()` clauses? Well, after all `WillOnce()`s are used up, gMock will do +the *default* action for the function every time (unless, of course, you have a +`WillRepeatedly()`.). + +What can we do inside `WillOnce()` besides `Return()`? You can return a +reference using `ReturnRef(*variable*)`, or invoke a pre-defined function, among +[others](cook_book.md#using-actions). + +**Important note:** The `EXPECT_CALL()` statement evaluates the action clause +only once, even though the action may be performed many times. Therefore you +must be careful about side effects. The following may not do what you want: + +```cpp +using ::testing::Return; +... +int n = 100; +EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GetX()) + .Times(4) + .WillRepeatedly(Return(n++)); +``` + +Instead of returning 100, 101, 102, ..., consecutively, this mock function will +always return 100 as `n++` is only evaluated once. Similarly, `Return(new Foo)` +will create a new `Foo` object when the `EXPECT_CALL()` is executed, and will +return the same pointer every time. If you want the side effect to happen every +time, you need to define a custom action, which we'll teach in the +[cook book](http://). + +Time for another quiz! What do you think the following means? + +```cpp +using ::testing::Return; +... +EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GetY()) + .Times(4) + .WillOnce(Return(100)); +``` + +Obviously `turtle.GetY()` is expected to be called four times. But if you think +it will return 100 every time, think twice! Remember that one `WillOnce()` +clause will be consumed each time the function is invoked and the default action +will be taken afterwards. So the right answer is that `turtle.GetY()` will +return 100 the first time, but **return 0 from the second time on**, as +returning 0 is the default action for `int` functions. + +#### Using Multiple Expectations {#MultiExpectations} + +So far we've only shown examples where you have a single expectation. More +realistically, you'll specify expectations on multiple mock methods which may be +from multiple mock objects. + +By default, when a mock method is invoked, gMock will search the expectations in +the **reverse order** they are defined, and stop when an active expectation that +matches the arguments is found (you can think of it as "newer rules override +older ones."). If the matching expectation cannot take any more calls, you will +get an upper-bound-violated failure. Here's an example: + +```cpp +using ::testing::_; +... +EXPECT_CALL(turtle, Forward(_)); // #1 +EXPECT_CALL(turtle, Forward(10)) // #2 + .Times(2); +``` + +If `Forward(10)` is called three times in a row, the third time it will be an +error, as the last matching expectation (#2) has been saturated. If, however, +the third `Forward(10)` call is replaced by `Forward(20)`, then it would be OK, +as now #1 will be the matching expectation. + +**Note:** Why does gMock search for a match in the *reverse* order of the +expectations? The reason is that this allows a user to set up the default +expectations in a mock object's constructor or the test fixture's set-up phase +and then customize the mock by writing more specific expectations in the test +body. So, if you have two expectations on the same method, you want to put the +one with more specific matchers **after** the other, or the more specific rule +would be shadowed by the more general one that comes after it. + +**Tip:** It is very common to start with a catch-all expectation for a method +and `Times(AnyNumber())` (omitting arguments, or with `_` for all arguments, if +overloaded). This makes any calls to the method expected. This is not necessary +for methods that are not mentioned at all (these are "uninteresting"), but is +useful for methods that have some expectations, but for which other calls are +ok. See +[Understanding Uninteresting vs Unexpected Calls](cook_book.md#uninteresting-vs-unexpected). + +#### Ordered vs Unordered Calls {#OrderedCalls} + +By default, an expectation can match a call even though an earlier expectation +hasn't been satisfied. In other words, the calls don't have to occur in the +order the expectations are specified. + +Sometimes, you may want all the expected calls to occur in a strict order. To +say this in gMock is easy: + +```cpp +using ::testing::InSequence; +... +TEST(FooTest, DrawsLineSegment) { + ... + { + InSequence seq; + + EXPECT_CALL(turtle, PenDown()); + EXPECT_CALL(turtle, Forward(100)); + EXPECT_CALL(turtle, PenUp()); + } + Foo(); +} +``` + +By creating an object of type `InSequence`, all expectations in its scope are +put into a *sequence* and have to occur *sequentially*. Since we are just +relying on the constructor and destructor of this object to do the actual work, +its name is really irrelevant. + +In this example, we test that `Foo()` calls the three expected functions in the +order as written. If a call is made out-of-order, it will be an error. + +(What if you care about the relative order of some of the calls, but not all of +them? Can you specify an arbitrary partial order? The answer is ... yes! The +details can be found [here](cook_book.md#OrderedCalls).) + +#### All Expectations Are Sticky (Unless Said Otherwise) {#StickyExpectations} + +Now let's do a quick quiz to see how well you can use this mock stuff already. +How would you test that the turtle is asked to go to the origin *exactly twice* +(you want to ignore any other instructions it receives)? + +After you've come up with your answer, take a look at ours and compare notes +(solve it yourself first - don't cheat!): + +```cpp +using ::testing::_; +using ::testing::AnyNumber; +... +EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GoTo(_, _)) // #1 + .Times(AnyNumber()); +EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GoTo(0, 0)) // #2 + .Times(2); +``` + +Suppose `turtle.GoTo(0, 0)` is called three times. In the third time, gMock will +see that the arguments match expectation #2 (remember that we always pick the +last matching expectation). Now, since we said that there should be only two +such calls, gMock will report an error immediately. This is basically what we've +told you in the [Using Multiple Expectations](#MultiExpectations) section above. + +This example shows that **expectations in gMock are "sticky" by default**, in +the sense that they remain active even after we have reached their invocation +upper bounds. This is an important rule to remember, as it affects the meaning +of the spec, and is **different** to how it's done in many other mocking +frameworks (Why'd we do that? Because we think our rule makes the common cases +easier to express and understand.). + +Simple? Let's see if you've really understood it: what does the following code +say? + +```cpp +using ::testing::Return; +... +for (int i = n; i > 0; i--) { + EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GetX()) + .WillOnce(Return(10*i)); +} +``` + +If you think it says that `turtle.GetX()` will be called `n` times and will +return 10, 20, 30, ..., consecutively, think twice! The problem is that, as we +said, expectations are sticky. So, the second time `turtle.GetX()` is called, +the last (latest) `EXPECT_CALL()` statement will match, and will immediately +lead to an "upper bound violated" error - this piece of code is not very useful! + +One correct way of saying that `turtle.GetX()` will return 10, 20, 30, ..., is +to explicitly say that the expectations are *not* sticky. In other words, they +should *retire* as soon as they are saturated: + +```cpp +using ::testing::Return; +... +for (int i = n; i > 0; i--) { + EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GetX()) + .WillOnce(Return(10*i)) + .RetiresOnSaturation(); +} +``` + +And, there's a better way to do it: in this case, we expect the calls to occur +in a specific order, and we line up the actions to match the order. Since the +order is important here, we should make it explicit using a sequence: + +```cpp +using ::testing::InSequence; +using ::testing::Return; +... +{ + InSequence s; + + for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { + EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GetX()) + .WillOnce(Return(10*i)) + .RetiresOnSaturation(); + } +} +``` + +By the way, the other situation where an expectation may *not* be sticky is when +it's in a sequence - as soon as another expectation that comes after it in the +sequence has been used, it automatically retires (and will never be used to +match any call). + +#### Uninteresting Calls + +A mock object may have many methods, and not all of them are that interesting. +For example, in some tests we may not care about how many times `GetX()` and +`GetY()` get called. + +In gMock, if you are not interested in a method, just don't say anything about +it. If a call to this method occurs, you'll see a warning in the test output, +but it won't be a failure. This is called "naggy" behavior; to change, see +[The Nice, the Strict, and the Naggy](cook_book.md#NiceStrictNaggy). diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/gmock_faq.md b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/gmock_faq.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..214aabf --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/gmock_faq.md @@ -0,0 +1,396 @@ +## Legacy gMock FAQ {#GMockFaq} + + + +### When I call a method on my mock object, the method for the real object is invoked instead. What's the problem? + +In order for a method to be mocked, it must be *virtual*, unless you use the +[high-perf dependency injection technique](#MockingNonVirtualMethods). + +### Can I mock a variadic function? + +You cannot mock a variadic function (i.e. a function taking ellipsis (`...`) +arguments) directly in gMock. + +The problem is that in general, there is *no way* for a mock object to know how +many arguments are passed to the variadic method, and what the arguments' types +are. Only the *author of the base class* knows the protocol, and we cannot look +into his or her head. + +Therefore, to mock such a function, the *user* must teach the mock object how to +figure out the number of arguments and their types. One way to do it is to +provide overloaded versions of the function. + +Ellipsis arguments are inherited from C and not really a C++ feature. They are +unsafe to use and don't work with arguments that have constructors or +destructors. Therefore we recommend to avoid them in C++ as much as possible. + +### MSVC gives me warning C4301 or C4373 when I define a mock method with a const parameter. Why? + +If you compile this using Microsoft Visual C++ 2005 SP1: + +```cpp +class Foo { + ... + virtual void Bar(const int i) = 0; +}; + +class MockFoo : public Foo { + ... + MOCK_METHOD(void, Bar, (const int i), (override)); +}; +``` + +You may get the following warning: + +```shell +warning C4301: 'MockFoo::Bar': overriding virtual function only differs from 'Foo::Bar' by const/volatile qualifier +``` + +This is a MSVC bug. The same code compiles fine with gcc, for example. If you +use Visual C++ 2008 SP1, you would get the warning: + +```shell +warning C4373: 'MockFoo::Bar': virtual function overrides 'Foo::Bar', previous versions of the compiler did not override when parameters only differed by const/volatile qualifiers +``` + +In C++, if you *declare* a function with a `const` parameter, the `const` +modifier is ignored. Therefore, the `Foo` base class above is equivalent to: + +```cpp +class Foo { + ... + virtual void Bar(int i) = 0; // int or const int? Makes no difference. +}; +``` + +In fact, you can *declare* `Bar()` with an `int` parameter, and define it with a +`const int` parameter. The compiler will still match them up. + +Since making a parameter `const` is meaningless in the method declaration, we +recommend to remove it in both `Foo` and `MockFoo`. That should workaround the +VC bug. + +Note that we are talking about the *top-level* `const` modifier here. If the +function parameter is passed by pointer or reference, declaring the pointee or +referee as `const` is still meaningful. For example, the following two +declarations are *not* equivalent: + +```cpp +void Bar(int* p); // Neither p nor *p is const. +void Bar(const int* p); // p is not const, but *p is. +``` + + + +### I can't figure out why gMock thinks my expectations are not satisfied. What should I do? + +You might want to run your test with `--gmock_verbose=info`. This flag lets +gMock print a trace of every mock function call it receives. By studying the +trace, you'll gain insights on why the expectations you set are not met. + +If you see the message "The mock function has no default action set, and its +return type has no default value set.", then try +[adding a default action](for_dummies.md#DefaultValue). Due to a known issue, +unexpected calls on mocks without default actions don't print out a detailed +comparison between the actual arguments and the expected arguments. + +### My program crashed and `ScopedMockLog` spit out tons of messages. Is it a gMock bug? + +gMock and `ScopedMockLog` are likely doing the right thing here. + +When a test crashes, the failure signal handler will try to log a lot of +information (the stack trace, and the address map, for example). The messages +are compounded if you have many threads with depth stacks. When `ScopedMockLog` +intercepts these messages and finds that they don't match any expectations, it +prints an error for each of them. + +You can learn to ignore the errors, or you can rewrite your expectations to make +your test more robust, for example, by adding something like: + +```cpp +using ::testing::AnyNumber; +using ::testing::Not; +... + // Ignores any log not done by us. + EXPECT_CALL(log, Log(_, Not(EndsWith("/my_file.cc")), _)) + .Times(AnyNumber()); +``` + +### How can I assert that a function is NEVER called? + +```cpp +using ::testing::_; +... + EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(_)) + .Times(0); +``` + + + +### I have a failed test where gMock tells me TWICE that a particular expectation is not satisfied. Isn't this redundant? + +When gMock detects a failure, it prints relevant information (the mock function +arguments, the state of relevant expectations, and etc) to help the user debug. +If another failure is detected, gMock will do the same, including printing the +state of relevant expectations. + +Sometimes an expectation's state didn't change between two failures, and you'll +see the same description of the state twice. They are however *not* redundant, +as they refer to *different points in time*. The fact they are the same *is* +interesting information. + +### I get a heapcheck failure when using a mock object, but using a real object is fine. What can be wrong? + +Does the class (hopefully a pure interface) you are mocking have a virtual +destructor? + +Whenever you derive from a base class, make sure its destructor is virtual. +Otherwise Bad Things will happen. Consider the following code: + +```cpp +class Base { + public: + // Not virtual, but should be. + ~Base() { ... } + ... +}; + +class Derived : public Base { + public: + ... + private: + std::string value_; +}; + +... + Base* p = new Derived; + ... + delete p; // Surprise! ~Base() will be called, but ~Derived() will not + // - value_ is leaked. +``` + +By changing `~Base()` to virtual, `~Derived()` will be correctly called when +`delete p` is executed, and the heap checker will be happy. + +### The "newer expectations override older ones" rule makes writing expectations awkward. Why does gMock do that? + +When people complain about this, often they are referring to code like: + +```cpp +using ::testing::Return; +... + // foo.Bar() should be called twice, return 1 the first time, and return + // 2 the second time. However, I have to write the expectations in the + // reverse order. This sucks big time!!! + EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar()) + .WillOnce(Return(2)) + .RetiresOnSaturation(); + EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar()) + .WillOnce(Return(1)) + .RetiresOnSaturation(); +``` + +The problem, is that they didn't pick the **best** way to express the test's +intent. + +By default, expectations don't have to be matched in *any* particular order. If +you want them to match in a certain order, you need to be explicit. This is +gMock's (and jMock's) fundamental philosophy: it's easy to accidentally +over-specify your tests, and we want to make it harder to do so. + +There are two better ways to write the test spec. You could either put the +expectations in sequence: + +```cpp +using ::testing::Return; +... + // foo.Bar() should be called twice, return 1 the first time, and return + // 2 the second time. Using a sequence, we can write the expectations + // in their natural order. + { + InSequence s; + EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar()) + .WillOnce(Return(1)) + .RetiresOnSaturation(); + EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar()) + .WillOnce(Return(2)) + .RetiresOnSaturation(); + } +``` + +or you can put the sequence of actions in the same expectation: + +```cpp +using ::testing::Return; +... + // foo.Bar() should be called twice, return 1 the first time, and return + // 2 the second time. + EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar()) + .WillOnce(Return(1)) + .WillOnce(Return(2)) + .RetiresOnSaturation(); +``` + +Back to the original questions: why does gMock search the expectations (and +`ON_CALL`s) from back to front? Because this allows a user to set up a mock's +behavior for the common case early (e.g. in the mock's constructor or the test +fixture's set-up phase) and customize it with more specific rules later. If +gMock searches from front to back, this very useful pattern won't be possible. + +### gMock prints a warning when a function without EXPECT_CALL is called, even if I have set its behavior using ON_CALL. Would it be reasonable not to show the warning in this case? + +When choosing between being neat and being safe, we lean toward the latter. So +the answer is that we think it's better to show the warning. + +Often people write `ON_CALL`s in the mock object's constructor or `SetUp()`, as +the default behavior rarely changes from test to test. Then in the test body +they set the expectations, which are often different for each test. Having an +`ON_CALL` in the set-up part of a test doesn't mean that the calls are expected. +If there's no `EXPECT_CALL` and the method is called, it's possibly an error. If +we quietly let the call go through without notifying the user, bugs may creep in +unnoticed. + +If, however, you are sure that the calls are OK, you can write + +```cpp +using ::testing::_; +... + EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(_)) + .WillRepeatedly(...); +``` + +instead of + +```cpp +using ::testing::_; +... + ON_CALL(foo, Bar(_)) + .WillByDefault(...); +``` + +This tells gMock that you do expect the calls and no warning should be printed. + +Also, you can control the verbosity by specifying `--gmock_verbose=error`. Other +values are `info` and `warning`. If you find the output too noisy when +debugging, just choose a less verbose level. + +### How can I delete the mock function's argument in an action? + +If your mock function takes a pointer argument and you want to delete that +argument, you can use testing::DeleteArg() to delete the N'th (zero-indexed) +argument: + +```cpp +using ::testing::_; + ... + MOCK_METHOD(void, Bar, (X* x, const Y& y)); + ... + EXPECT_CALL(mock_foo_, Bar(_, _)) + .WillOnce(testing::DeleteArg<0>())); +``` + +### How can I perform an arbitrary action on a mock function's argument? + +If you find yourself needing to perform some action that's not supported by +gMock directly, remember that you can define your own actions using +[`MakeAction()`](#NewMonoActions) or +[`MakePolymorphicAction()`](#NewPolyActions), or you can write a stub function +and invoke it using [`Invoke()`](#FunctionsAsActions). + +```cpp +using ::testing::_; +using ::testing::Invoke; + ... + MOCK_METHOD(void, Bar, (X* p)); + ... + EXPECT_CALL(mock_foo_, Bar(_)) + .WillOnce(Invoke(MyAction(...))); +``` + +### My code calls a static/global function. Can I mock it? + +You can, but you need to make some changes. + +In general, if you find yourself needing to mock a static function, it's a sign +that your modules are too tightly coupled (and less flexible, less reusable, +less testable, etc). You are probably better off defining a small interface and +call the function through that interface, which then can be easily mocked. It's +a bit of work initially, but usually pays for itself quickly. + +This Google Testing Blog +[post](https://testing.googleblog.com/2008/06/defeat-static-cling.html) says it +excellently. Check it out. + +### My mock object needs to do complex stuff. It's a lot of pain to specify the actions. gMock sucks! + +I know it's not a question, but you get an answer for free any way. :-) + +With gMock, you can create mocks in C++ easily. And people might be tempted to +use them everywhere. Sometimes they work great, and sometimes you may find them, +well, a pain to use. So, what's wrong in the latter case? + +When you write a test without using mocks, you exercise the code and assert that +it returns the correct value or that the system is in an expected state. This is +sometimes called "state-based testing". + +Mocks are great for what some call "interaction-based" testing: instead of +checking the system state at the very end, mock objects verify that they are +invoked the right way and report an error as soon as it arises, giving you a +handle on the precise context in which the error was triggered. This is often +more effective and economical to do than state-based testing. + +If you are doing state-based testing and using a test double just to simulate +the real object, you are probably better off using a fake. Using a mock in this +case causes pain, as it's not a strong point for mocks to perform complex +actions. If you experience this and think that mocks suck, you are just not +using the right tool for your problem. Or, you might be trying to solve the +wrong problem. :-) + +### I got a warning "Uninteresting function call encountered - default action taken.." Should I panic? + +By all means, NO! It's just an FYI. :-) + +What it means is that you have a mock function, you haven't set any expectations +on it (by gMock's rule this means that you are not interested in calls to this +function and therefore it can be called any number of times), and it is called. +That's OK - you didn't say it's not OK to call the function! + +What if you actually meant to disallow this function to be called, but forgot to +write `EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar()).Times(0)`? While one can argue that it's the +user's fault, gMock tries to be nice and prints you a note. + +So, when you see the message and believe that there shouldn't be any +uninteresting calls, you should investigate what's going on. To make your life +easier, gMock dumps the stack trace when an uninteresting call is encountered. +From that you can figure out which mock function it is, and how it is called. + +### I want to define a custom action. Should I use Invoke() or implement the ActionInterface interface? + +Either way is fine - you want to choose the one that's more convenient for your +circumstance. + +Usually, if your action is for a particular function type, defining it using +`Invoke()` should be easier; if your action can be used in functions of +different types (e.g. if you are defining `Return(*value*)`), +`MakePolymorphicAction()` is easiest. Sometimes you want precise control on what +types of functions the action can be used in, and implementing `ActionInterface` +is the way to go here. See the implementation of `Return()` in +`testing/base/public/gmock-actions.h` for an example. + +### I use SetArgPointee() in WillOnce(), but gcc complains about "conflicting return type specified". What does it mean? + +You got this error as gMock has no idea what value it should return when the +mock method is called. `SetArgPointee()` says what the side effect is, but +doesn't say what the return value should be. You need `DoAll()` to chain a +`SetArgPointee()` with a `Return()` that provides a value appropriate to the API +being mocked. + +See this [recipe](cook_book.md#mocking-side-effects) for more details and an +example. + +### I have a huge mock class, and Microsoft Visual C++ runs out of memory when compiling it. What can I do? + +We've noticed that when the `/clr` compiler flag is used, Visual C++ uses 5~6 +times as much memory when compiling a mock class. We suggest to avoid `/clr` +when compiling native C++ mocks. diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/v1_5/CheatSheet.md b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/v1_5/CheatSheet.md deleted file mode 100644 index 3c7bed4..0000000 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/v1_5/CheatSheet.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,525 +0,0 @@ - - -# Defining a Mock Class # - -## Mocking a Normal Class ## - -Given -``` -class Foo { - ... - virtual ~Foo(); - virtual int GetSize() const = 0; - virtual string Describe(const char* name) = 0; - virtual string Describe(int type) = 0; - virtual bool Process(Bar elem, int count) = 0; -}; -``` -(note that `~Foo()` **must** be virtual) we can define its mock as -``` -#include - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(GetSize, int()); - MOCK_METHOD1(Describe, string(const char* name)); - MOCK_METHOD1(Describe, string(int type)); - MOCK_METHOD2(Process, bool(Bar elem, int count)); -}; -``` - -To create a "nice" mock object which ignores all uninteresting calls, -or a "strict" mock object, which treats them as failures: -``` -NiceMock nice_foo; // The type is a subclass of MockFoo. -StrictMock strict_foo; // The type is a subclass of MockFoo. -``` - -## Mocking a Class Template ## - -To mock -``` -template -class StackInterface { - public: - ... - virtual ~StackInterface(); - virtual int GetSize() const = 0; - virtual void Push(const Elem& x) = 0; -}; -``` -(note that `~StackInterface()` **must** be virtual) just append `_T` to the `MOCK_*` macros: -``` -template -class MockStack : public StackInterface { - public: - ... - MOCK_CONST_METHOD0_T(GetSize, int()); - MOCK_METHOD1_T(Push, void(const Elem& x)); -}; -``` - -## Specifying Calling Conventions for Mock Functions ## - -If your mock function doesn't use the default calling convention, you -can specify it by appending `_WITH_CALLTYPE` to any of the macros -described in the previous two sections and supplying the calling -convention as the first argument to the macro. For example, -``` - MOCK_METHOD_1_WITH_CALLTYPE(STDMETHODCALLTYPE, Foo, bool(int n)); - MOCK_CONST_METHOD2_WITH_CALLTYPE(STDMETHODCALLTYPE, Bar, int(double x, double y)); -``` -where `STDMETHODCALLTYPE` is defined by `` on Windows. - -# Using Mocks in Tests # - -The typical flow is: - 1. Import the Google Mock names you need to use. All Google Mock names are in the `testing` namespace unless they are macros or otherwise noted. - 1. Create the mock objects. - 1. Optionally, set the default actions of the mock objects. - 1. Set your expectations on the mock objects (How will they be called? What wil they do?). - 1. Exercise code that uses the mock objects; if necessary, check the result using [Google Test](http://code.google.com/p/googletest/) assertions. - 1. When a mock objects is destructed, Google Mock automatically verifies that all expectations on it have been satisfied. - -Here is an example: -``` -using ::testing::Return; // #1 - -TEST(BarTest, DoesThis) { - MockFoo foo; // #2 - - ON_CALL(foo, GetSize()) // #3 - .WillByDefault(Return(1)); - // ... other default actions ... - - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Describe(5)) // #4 - .Times(3) - .WillRepeatedly(Return("Category 5")); - // ... other expectations ... - - EXPECT_EQ("good", MyProductionFunction(&foo)); // #5 -} // #6 -``` - -# Setting Default Actions # - -Google Mock has a **built-in default action** for any function that -returns `void`, `bool`, a numeric value, or a pointer. - -To customize the default action for functions with return type `T` globally: -``` -using ::testing::DefaultValue; - -DefaultValue::Set(value); // Sets the default value to be returned. -// ... use the mocks ... -DefaultValue::Clear(); // Resets the default value. -``` - -To customize the default action for a particular method, use `ON_CALL()`: -``` -ON_CALL(mock_object, method(matchers)) - .With(multi_argument_matcher) ? - .WillByDefault(action); -``` - -# Setting Expectations # - -`EXPECT_CALL()` sets **expectations** on a mock method (How will it be -called? What will it do?): -``` -EXPECT_CALL(mock_object, method(matchers)) - .With(multi_argument_matcher) ? - .Times(cardinality) ? - .InSequence(sequences) * - .After(expectations) * - .WillOnce(action) * - .WillRepeatedly(action) ? - .RetiresOnSaturation(); ? -``` - -If `Times()` is omitted, the cardinality is assumed to be: - - * `Times(1)` when there is neither `WillOnce()` nor `WillRepeatedly()`; - * `Times(n)` when there are `n WillOnce()`s but no `WillRepeatedly()`, where `n` >= 1; or - * `Times(AtLeast(n))` when there are `n WillOnce()`s and a `WillRepeatedly()`, where `n` >= 0. - -A method with no `EXPECT_CALL()` is free to be invoked _any number of times_, and the default action will be taken each time. - -# Matchers # - -A **matcher** matches a _single_ argument. You can use it inside -`ON_CALL()` or `EXPECT_CALL()`, or use it to validate a value -directly: - -| `EXPECT_THAT(value, matcher)` | Asserts that `value` matches `matcher`. | -|:------------------------------|:----------------------------------------| -| `ASSERT_THAT(value, matcher)` | The same as `EXPECT_THAT(value, matcher)`, except that it generates a **fatal** failure. | - -Built-in matchers (where `argument` is the function argument) are -divided into several categories: - -## Wildcard ## -|`_`|`argument` can be any value of the correct type.| -|:--|:-----------------------------------------------| -|`A()` or `An()`|`argument` can be any value of type `type`. | - -## Generic Comparison ## - -|`Eq(value)` or `value`|`argument == value`| -|:---------------------|:------------------| -|`Ge(value)` |`argument >= value`| -|`Gt(value)` |`argument > value` | -|`Le(value)` |`argument <= value`| -|`Lt(value)` |`argument < value` | -|`Ne(value)` |`argument != value`| -|`IsNull()` |`argument` is a `NULL` pointer (raw or smart).| -|`NotNull()` |`argument` is a non-null pointer (raw or smart).| -|`Ref(variable)` |`argument` is a reference to `variable`.| -|`TypedEq(value)`|`argument` has type `type` and is equal to `value`. You may need to use this instead of `Eq(value)` when the mock function is overloaded.| - -Except `Ref()`, these matchers make a _copy_ of `value` in case it's -modified or destructed later. If the compiler complains that `value` -doesn't have a public copy constructor, try wrap it in `ByRef()`, -e.g. `Eq(ByRef(non_copyable_value))`. If you do that, make sure -`non_copyable_value` is not changed afterwards, or the meaning of your -matcher will be changed. - -## Floating-Point Matchers ## - -|`DoubleEq(a_double)`|`argument` is a `double` value approximately equal to `a_double`, treating two NaNs as unequal.| -|:-------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| -|`FloatEq(a_float)` |`argument` is a `float` value approximately equal to `a_float`, treating two NaNs as unequal. | -|`NanSensitiveDoubleEq(a_double)`|`argument` is a `double` value approximately equal to `a_double`, treating two NaNs as equal. | -|`NanSensitiveFloatEq(a_float)`|`argument` is a `float` value approximately equal to `a_float`, treating two NaNs as equal. | - -The above matchers use ULP-based comparison (the same as used in -[Google Test](http://code.google.com/p/googletest/)). They -automatically pick a reasonable error bound based on the absolute -value of the expected value. `DoubleEq()` and `FloatEq()` conform to -the IEEE standard, which requires comparing two NaNs for equality to -return false. The `NanSensitive*` version instead treats two NaNs as -equal, which is often what a user wants. - -## String Matchers ## - -The `argument` can be either a C string or a C++ string object: - -|`ContainsRegex(string)`|`argument` matches the given regular expression.| -|:----------------------|:-----------------------------------------------| -|`EndsWith(suffix)` |`argument` ends with string `suffix`. | -|`HasSubstr(string)` |`argument` contains `string` as a sub-string. | -|`MatchesRegex(string)` |`argument` matches the given regular expression with the match starting at the first character and ending at the last character.| -|`StartsWith(prefix)` |`argument` starts with string `prefix`. | -|`StrCaseEq(string)` |`argument` is equal to `string`, ignoring case. | -|`StrCaseNe(string)` |`argument` is not equal to `string`, ignoring case.| -|`StrEq(string)` |`argument` is equal to `string`. | -|`StrNe(string)` |`argument` is not equal to `string`. | - -`StrCaseEq()`, `StrCaseNe()`, `StrEq()`, and `StrNe()` work for wide -strings as well. - -## Container Matchers ## - -Most STL-style containers support `==`, so you can use -`Eq(expected_container)` or simply `expected_container` to match a -container exactly. If you want to write the elements in-line, -match them more flexibly, or get more informative messages, you can use: - -| `Contains(e)` | `argument` contains an element that matches `e`, which can be either a value or a matcher. | -|:--------------|:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| -|`ElementsAre(e0, e1, ..., en)`|`argument` has `n + 1` elements, where the i-th element matches `ei`, which can be a value or a matcher. 0 to 10 arguments are allowed.| -|`ElementsAreArray(array)` or `ElementsAreArray(array, count)`|The same as `ElementsAre()` except that the expected element values/matchers come from a C-style array.| -| `ContainerEq(container)` | The same as `Eq(container)` except that the failure message also includes which elements are in one container but not the other. | - -These matchers can also match: - - 1. a native array passed by reference (e.g. in `Foo(const int (&a)[5])`), and - 1. an array passed as a pointer and a count (e.g. in `Bar(const T* buffer, int len)` -- see [Multi-argument Matchers](#Multiargument_Matchers.md)). - -where the array may be multi-dimensional (i.e. its elements can be arrays). - -## Member Matchers ## - -|`Field(&class::field, m)`|`argument.field` (or `argument->field` when `argument` is a plain pointer) matches matcher `m`, where `argument` is an object of type _class_.| -|:------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| -|`Key(e)` |`argument.first` matches `e`, which can be either a value or a matcher. E.g. `Contains(Key(Le(5)))` can verify that a `map` contains a key `<= 5`.| -|`Pair(m1, m2)` |`argument` is an `std::pair` whose `first` field matches `m1` and `second` field matches `m2`. | -|`Property(&class::property, m)`|`argument.property()` (or `argument->property()` when `argument` is a plain pointer) matches matcher `m`, where `argument` is an object of type _class_.| - -## Matching the Result of a Function or Functor ## - -|`ResultOf(f, m)`|`f(argument)` matches matcher `m`, where `f` is a function or functor.| -|:---------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------| - -## Pointer Matchers ## - -|`Pointee(m)`|`argument` (either a smart pointer or a raw pointer) points to a value that matches matcher `m`.| -|:-----------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| - -## Multiargument Matchers ## - -These are matchers on tuple types. They can be used in -`.With()`. The following can be used on functions with two
-arguments `x` and `y`: - -|`Eq()`|`x == y`| -|:-----|:-------| -|`Ge()`|`x >= y`| -|`Gt()`|`x > y` | -|`Le()`|`x <= y`| -|`Lt()`|`x < y` | -|`Ne()`|`x != y`| - -You can use the following selectors to pick a subset of the arguments -(or reorder them) to participate in the matching: - -|`AllArgs(m)`|Equivalent to `m`. Useful as syntactic sugar in `.With(AllArgs(m))`.| -|:-----------|:-------------------------------------------------------------------| -|`Args(m)`|The `k` selected (using 0-based indices) arguments match `m`, e.g. `Args<1, 2>(Contains(5))`.| - -## Composite Matchers ## - -You can make a matcher from one or more other matchers: - -|`AllOf(m1, m2, ..., mn)`|`argument` matches all of the matchers `m1` to `mn`.| -|:-----------------------|:---------------------------------------------------| -|`AnyOf(m1, m2, ..., mn)`|`argument` matches at least one of the matchers `m1` to `mn`.| -|`Not(m)` |`argument` doesn't match matcher `m`. | - -## Adapters for Matchers ## - -|`MatcherCast(m)`|casts matcher `m` to type `Matcher`.| -|:------------------|:--------------------------------------| -|`SafeMatcherCast(m)`| [safely casts](V1_5_CookBook#Casting_Matchers.md) matcher `m` to type `Matcher`. | -|`Truly(predicate)` |`predicate(argument)` returns something considered by C++ to be true, where `predicate` is a function or functor.| - -## Matchers as Predicates ## - -|`Matches(m)`|a unary functor that returns `true` if the argument matches `m`.| -|:-----------|:---------------------------------------------------------------| -|`ExplainMatchResult(m, value, result_listener)`|returns `true` if `value` matches `m`, explaining the result to `result_listener`.| -|`Value(x, m)`|returns `true` if the value of `x` matches `m`. | - -## Defining Matchers ## - -| `MATCHER(IsEven, "") { return (arg % 2) == 0; }` | Defines a matcher `IsEven()` to match an even number. | -|:-------------------------------------------------|:------------------------------------------------------| -| `MATCHER_P(IsDivisibleBy, n, "") { *result_listener << "where the remainder is " << (arg % n); return (arg % n) == 0; }` | Defines a macher `IsDivisibleBy(n)` to match a number divisible by `n`. | -| `MATCHER_P2(IsBetween, a, b, "is between %(a)s and %(b)s") { return a <= arg && arg <= b; }` | Defines a matcher `IsBetween(a, b)` to match a value in the range [`a`, `b`]. | - -**Notes:** - - 1. The `MATCHER*` macros cannot be used inside a function or class. - 1. The matcher body must be _purely functional_ (i.e. it cannot have any side effect, and the result must not depend on anything other than the value being matched and the matcher parameters). - 1. You can use `PrintToString(x)` to convert a value `x` of any type to a string. - -## Matchers as Test Assertions ## - -|`ASSERT_THAT(expression, m)`|Generates a [fatal failure](http://code.google.com/p/googletest/wiki/GoogleTestPrimer#Assertions) if the value of `expression` doesn't match matcher `m`.| -|:---------------------------|:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| -|`EXPECT_THAT(expression, m)`|Generates a non-fatal failure if the value of `expression` doesn't match matcher `m`. | - -# Actions # - -**Actions** specify what a mock function should do when invoked. - -## Returning a Value ## - -|`Return()`|Return from a `void` mock function.| -|:---------|:----------------------------------| -|`Return(value)`|Return `value`. | -|`ReturnArg()`|Return the `N`-th (0-based) argument.| -|`ReturnNew(a1, ..., ak)`|Return `new T(a1, ..., ak)`; a different object is created each time.| -|`ReturnNull()`|Return a null pointer. | -|`ReturnRef(variable)`|Return a reference to `variable`. | - -## Side Effects ## - -|`Assign(&variable, value)`|Assign `value` to variable.| -|:-------------------------|:--------------------------| -| `DeleteArg()` | Delete the `N`-th (0-based) argument, which must be a pointer. | -| `SaveArg(pointer)` | Save the `N`-th (0-based) argument to `*pointer`. | -| `SetArgReferee(value)` | Assign value to the variable referenced by the `N`-th (0-based) argument. | -|`SetArgumentPointee(value)`|Assign `value` to the variable pointed by the `N`-th (0-based) argument.| -|`SetArrayArgument(first, last)`|Copies the elements in source range [`first`, `last`) to the array pointed to by the `N`-th (0-based) argument, which can be either a pointer or an iterator. The action does not take ownership of the elements in the source range.| -|`SetErrnoAndReturn(error, value)`|Set `errno` to `error` and return `value`.| -|`Throw(exception)` |Throws the given exception, which can be any copyable value. Available since v1.1.0.| - -## Using a Function or a Functor as an Action ## - -|`Invoke(f)`|Invoke `f` with the arguments passed to the mock function, where `f` can be a global/static function or a functor.| -|:----------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| -|`Invoke(object_pointer, &class::method)`|Invoke the {method on the object with the arguments passed to the mock function. | -|`InvokeWithoutArgs(f)`|Invoke `f`, which can be a global/static function or a functor. `f` must take no arguments. | -|`InvokeWithoutArgs(object_pointer, &class::method)`|Invoke the method on the object, which takes no arguments. | -|`InvokeArgument(arg1, arg2, ..., argk)`|Invoke the mock function's `N`-th (0-based) argument, which must be a function or a functor, with the `k` arguments.| - -The return value of the invoked function is used as the return value -of the action. - -When defining a function or functor to be used with `Invoke*()`, you can declare any unused parameters as `Unused`: -``` - double Distance(Unused, double x, double y) { return sqrt(x*x + y*y); } - ... - EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo("Hi", _, _)).WillOnce(Invoke(Distance)); -``` - -In `InvokeArgument(...)`, if an argument needs to be passed by reference, wrap it inside `ByRef()`. For example, -``` - InvokeArgument<2>(5, string("Hi"), ByRef(foo)) -``` -calls the mock function's #2 argument, passing to it `5` and `string("Hi")` by value, and `foo` by reference. - -## Default Action ## - -|`DoDefault()`|Do the default action (specified by `ON_CALL()` or the built-in one).| -|:------------|:--------------------------------------------------------------------| - -**Note:** due to technical reasons, `DoDefault()` cannot be used inside a composite action - trying to do so will result in a run-time error. - -## Composite Actions ## - -|`DoAll(a1, a2, ..., an)`|Do all actions `a1` to `an` and return the result of `an` in each invocation. The first `n - 1` sub-actions must return void. | -|:-----------------------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| -|`IgnoreResult(a)` |Perform action `a` and ignore its result. `a` must not return void. | -|`WithArg(a)` |Pass the `N`-th (0-based) argument of the mock function to action `a` and perform it. | -|`WithArgs(a)`|Pass the selected (0-based) arguments of the mock function to action `a` and perform it. | -|`WithoutArgs(a)` |Perform action `a` without any arguments. | - -## Defining Actions ## - -| `ACTION(Sum) { return arg0 + arg1; }` | Defines an action `Sum()` to return the sum of the mock function's argument #0 and #1. | -|:--------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| -| `ACTION_P(Plus, n) { return arg0 + n; }` | Defines an action `Plus(n)` to return the sum of the mock function's argument #0 and `n`. | -| `ACTION_Pk(Foo, p1, ..., pk) { statements; }` | Defines a parameterized action `Foo(p1, ..., pk)` to execute the given `statements`. | - -The `ACTION*` macros cannot be used inside a function or class. - -# Cardinalities # - -These are used in `Times()` to specify how many times a mock function will be called: - -|`AnyNumber()`|The function can be called any number of times.| -|:------------|:----------------------------------------------| -|`AtLeast(n)` |The call is expected at least `n` times. | -|`AtMost(n)` |The call is expected at most `n` times. | -|`Between(m, n)`|The call is expected between `m` and `n` (inclusive) times.| -|`Exactly(n) or n`|The call is expected exactly `n` times. In particular, the call should never happen when `n` is 0.| - -# Expectation Order # - -By default, the expectations can be matched in _any_ order. If some -or all expectations must be matched in a given order, there are two -ways to specify it. They can be used either independently or -together. - -## The After Clause ## - -``` -using ::testing::Expectation; -... -Expectation init_x = EXPECT_CALL(foo, InitX()); -Expectation init_y = EXPECT_CALL(foo, InitY()); -EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar()) - .After(init_x, init_y); -``` -says that `Bar()` can be called only after both `InitX()` and -`InitY()` have been called. - -If you don't know how many pre-requisites an expectation has when you -write it, you can use an `ExpectationSet` to collect them: - -``` -using ::testing::ExpectationSet; -... -ExpectationSet all_inits; -for (int i = 0; i < element_count; i++) { - all_inits += EXPECT_CALL(foo, InitElement(i)); -} -EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar()) - .After(all_inits); -``` -says that `Bar()` can be called only after all elements have been -initialized (but we don't care about which elements get initialized -before the others). - -Modifying an `ExpectationSet` after using it in an `.After()` doesn't -affect the meaning of the `.After()`. - -## Sequences ## - -When you have a long chain of sequential expectations, it's easier to -specify the order using **sequences**, which don't require you to given -each expectation in the chain a different name. All expected
-calls in the same sequence must occur in the order they are -specified. - -``` -using ::testing::Sequence; -Sequence s1, s2; -... -EXPECT_CALL(foo, Reset()) - .InSequence(s1, s2) - .WillOnce(Return(true)); -EXPECT_CALL(foo, GetSize()) - .InSequence(s1) - .WillOnce(Return(1)); -EXPECT_CALL(foo, Describe(A())) - .InSequence(s2) - .WillOnce(Return("dummy")); -``` -says that `Reset()` must be called before _both_ `GetSize()` _and_ -`Describe()`, and the latter two can occur in any order. - -To put many expectations in a sequence conveniently: -``` -using ::testing::InSequence; -{ - InSequence dummy; - - EXPECT_CALL(...)...; - EXPECT_CALL(...)...; - ... - EXPECT_CALL(...)...; -} -``` -says that all expected calls in the scope of `dummy` must occur in -strict order. The name `dummy` is irrelevant.) - -# Verifying and Resetting a Mock # - -Google Mock will verify the expectations on a mock object when it is destructed, or you can do it earlier: -``` -using ::testing::Mock; -... -// Verifies and removes the expectations on mock_obj; -// returns true iff successful. -Mock::VerifyAndClearExpectations(&mock_obj); -... -// Verifies and removes the expectations on mock_obj; -// also removes the default actions set by ON_CALL(); -// returns true iff successful. -Mock::VerifyAndClear(&mock_obj); -``` - -You can also tell Google Mock that a mock object can be leaked and doesn't -need to be verified: -``` -Mock::AllowLeak(&mock_obj); -``` - -# Mock Classes # - -Google Mock defines a convenient mock class template -``` -class MockFunction { - public: - MOCK_METHODn(Call, R(A1, ..., An)); -}; -``` -See this [recipe](V1_5_CookBook#Using_Check_Points.md) for one application of it. - -# Flags # - -| `--gmock_catch_leaked_mocks=0` | Don't report leaked mock objects as failures. | -|:-------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------| -| `--gmock_verbose=LEVEL` | Sets the default verbosity level (`info`, `warning`, or `error`) of Google Mock messages. | \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/v1_5/CookBook.md b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/v1_5/CookBook.md deleted file mode 100644 index 26e153c..0000000 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/v1_5/CookBook.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3250 +0,0 @@ - - -You can find recipes for using Google Mock here. If you haven't yet, -please read the [ForDummies](V1_5_ForDummies.md) document first to make sure you understand -the basics. - -**Note:** Google Mock lives in the `testing` name space. For -readability, it is recommended to write `using ::testing::Foo;` once in -your file before using the name `Foo` defined by Google Mock. We omit -such `using` statements in this page for brevity, but you should do it -in your own code. - -# Creating Mock Classes # - -## Mocking Private or Protected Methods ## - -You must always put a mock method definition (`MOCK_METHOD*`) in a -`public:` section of the mock class, regardless of the method being -mocked being `public`, `protected`, or `private` in the base class. -This allows `ON_CALL` and `EXPECT_CALL` to reference the mock function -from outside of the mock class. (Yes, C++ allows a subclass to change -the access level of a virtual function in the base class.) Example: - -``` -class Foo { - public: - ... - virtual bool Transform(Gadget* g) = 0; - - protected: - virtual void Resume(); - - private: - virtual int GetTimeOut(); -}; - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - ... - MOCK_METHOD1(Transform, bool(Gadget* g)); - - // The following must be in the public section, even though the - // methods are protected or private in the base class. - MOCK_METHOD0(Resume, void()); - MOCK_METHOD0(GetTimeOut, int()); -}; -``` - -## Mocking Overloaded Methods ## - -You can mock overloaded functions as usual. No special attention is required: - -``` -class Foo { - ... - - // Must be virtual as we'll inherit from Foo. - virtual ~Foo(); - - // Overloaded on the types and/or numbers of arguments. - virtual int Add(Element x); - virtual int Add(int times, Element x); - - // Overloaded on the const-ness of this object. - virtual Bar& GetBar(); - virtual const Bar& GetBar() const; -}; - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - ... - MOCK_METHOD1(Add, int(Element x)); - MOCK_METHOD2(Add, int(int times, Element x); - - MOCK_METHOD0(GetBar, Bar&()); - MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(GetBar, const Bar&()); -}; -``` - -**Note:** if you don't mock all versions of the overloaded method, the -compiler will give you a warning about some methods in the base class -being hidden. To fix that, use `using` to bring them in scope: - -``` -class MockFoo : public Foo { - ... - using Foo::Add; - MOCK_METHOD1(Add, int(Element x)); - // We don't want to mock int Add(int times, Element x); - ... -}; -``` - -## Mocking Class Templates ## - -To mock a class template, append `_T` to the `MOCK_*` macros: - -``` -template -class StackInterface { - ... - // Must be virtual as we'll inherit from StackInterface. - virtual ~StackInterface(); - - virtual int GetSize() const = 0; - virtual void Push(const Elem& x) = 0; -}; - -template -class MockStack : public StackInterface { - ... - MOCK_CONST_METHOD0_T(GetSize, int()); - MOCK_METHOD1_T(Push, void(const Elem& x)); -}; -``` - -## Mocking Nonvirtual Methods ## - -Google Mock can mock non-virtual functions to be used in what we call _hi-perf -dependency injection_. - -In this case, instead of sharing a common base class with the real -class, your mock class will be _unrelated_ to the real class, but -contain methods with the same signatures. The syntax for mocking -non-virtual methods is the _same_ as mocking virtual methods: - -``` -// A simple packet stream class. None of its members is virtual. -class ConcretePacketStream { - public: - void AppendPacket(Packet* new_packet); - const Packet* GetPacket(size_t packet_number) const; - size_t NumberOfPackets() const; - ... -}; - -// A mock packet stream class. It inherits from no other, but defines -// GetPacket() and NumberOfPackets(). -class MockPacketStream { - public: - MOCK_CONST_METHOD1(GetPacket, const Packet*(size_t packet_number)); - MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(NumberOfPackets, size_t()); - ... -}; -``` - -Note that the mock class doesn't define `AppendPacket()`, unlike the -real class. That's fine as long as the test doesn't need to call it. - -Next, you need a way to say that you want to use -`ConcretePacketStream` in production code, and use `MockPacketStream` -in tests. Since the functions are not virtual and the two classes are -unrelated, you must specify your choice at _compile time_ (as opposed -to run time). - -One way to do it is to templatize your code that needs to use a packet -stream. More specifically, you will give your code a template type -argument for the type of the packet stream. In production, you will -instantiate your template with `ConcretePacketStream` as the type -argument. In tests, you will instantiate the same template with -`MockPacketStream`. For example, you may write: - -``` -template -void CreateConnection(PacketStream* stream) { ... } - -template -class PacketReader { - public: - void ReadPackets(PacketStream* stream, size_t packet_num); -}; -``` - -Then you can use `CreateConnection()` and -`PacketReader` in production code, and use -`CreateConnection()` and -`PacketReader` in tests. - -``` - MockPacketStream mock_stream; - EXPECT_CALL(mock_stream, ...)...; - .. set more expectations on mock_stream ... - PacketReader reader(&mock_stream); - ... exercise reader ... -``` - -## Mocking Free Functions ## - -It's possible to use Google Mock to mock a free function (i.e. a -C-style function or a static method). You just need to rewrite your -code to use an interface (abstract class). - -Instead of calling a free function (say, `OpenFile`) directly, -introduce an interface for it and have a concrete subclass that calls -the free function: - -``` -class FileInterface { - public: - ... - virtual bool Open(const char* path, const char* mode) = 0; -}; - -class File : public FileInterface { - public: - ... - virtual bool Open(const char* path, const char* mode) { - return OpenFile(path, mode); - } -}; -``` - -Your code should talk to `FileInterface` to open a file. Now it's -easy to mock out the function. - -This may seem much hassle, but in practice you often have multiple -related functions that you can put in the same interface, so the -per-function syntactic overhead will be much lower. - -If you are concerned about the performance overhead incurred by -virtual functions, and profiling confirms your concern, you can -combine this with the recipe for [mocking non-virtual methods](#Mocking_Nonvirtual_Methods.md). - -## Nice Mocks and Strict Mocks ## - -If a mock method has no `EXPECT_CALL` spec but is called, Google Mock -will print a warning about the "uninteresting call". The rationale is: - - * New methods may be added to an interface after a test is written. We shouldn't fail a test just because a method it doesn't know about is called. - * However, this may also mean there's a bug in the test, so Google Mock shouldn't be silent either. If the user believes these calls are harmless, he can add an `EXPECT_CALL()` to suppress the warning. - -However, sometimes you may want to suppress all "uninteresting call" -warnings, while sometimes you may want the opposite, i.e. to treat all -of them as errors. Google Mock lets you make the decision on a -per-mock-object basis. - -Suppose your test uses a mock class `MockFoo`: - -``` -TEST(...) { - MockFoo mock_foo; - EXPECT_CALL(mock_foo, DoThis()); - ... code that uses mock_foo ... -} -``` - -If a method of `mock_foo` other than `DoThis()` is called, it will be -reported by Google Mock as a warning. However, if you rewrite your -test to use `NiceMock` instead, the warning will be gone, -resulting in a cleaner test output: - -``` -using ::testing::NiceMock; - -TEST(...) { - NiceMock mock_foo; - EXPECT_CALL(mock_foo, DoThis()); - ... code that uses mock_foo ... -} -``` - -`NiceMock` is a subclass of `MockFoo`, so it can be used -wherever `MockFoo` is accepted. - -It also works if `MockFoo`'s constructor takes some arguments, as -`NiceMock` "inherits" `MockFoo`'s constructors: - -``` -using ::testing::NiceMock; - -TEST(...) { - NiceMock mock_foo(5, "hi"); // Calls MockFoo(5, "hi"). - EXPECT_CALL(mock_foo, DoThis()); - ... code that uses mock_foo ... -} -``` - -The usage of `StrictMock` is similar, except that it makes all -uninteresting calls failures: - -``` -using ::testing::StrictMock; - -TEST(...) { - StrictMock mock_foo; - EXPECT_CALL(mock_foo, DoThis()); - ... code that uses mock_foo ... - - // The test will fail if a method of mock_foo other than DoThis() - // is called. -} -``` - -There are some caveats though (I don't like them just as much as the -next guy, but sadly they are side effects of C++'s limitations): - - 1. `NiceMock` and `StrictMock` only work for mock methods defined using the `MOCK_METHOD*` family of macros **directly** in the `MockFoo` class. If a mock method is defined in a **base class** of `MockFoo`, the "nice" or "strict" modifier may not affect it, depending on the compiler. In particular, nesting `NiceMock` and `StrictMock` (e.g. `NiceMock >`) is **not** supported. - 1. The constructors of the base mock (`MockFoo`) cannot have arguments passed by non-const reference, which happens to be banned by the [Google C++ style guide](http://google-styleguide.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/cppguide.xml). - 1. During the constructor or destructor of `MockFoo`, the mock object is _not_ nice or strict. This may cause surprises if the constructor or destructor calls a mock method on `this` object. (This behavior, however, is consistent with C++'s general rule: if a constructor or destructor calls a virtual method of `this` object, that method is treated as non-virtual. In other words, to the base class's constructor or destructor, `this` object behaves like an instance of the base class, not the derived class. This rule is required for safety. Otherwise a base constructor may use members of a derived class before they are initialized, or a base destructor may use members of a derived class after they have been destroyed.) - -Finally, you should be **very cautious** when using this feature, as the -decision you make applies to **all** future changes to the mock -class. If an important change is made in the interface you are mocking -(and thus in the mock class), it could break your tests (if you use -`StrictMock`) or let bugs pass through without a warning (if you use -`NiceMock`). Therefore, try to specify the mock's behavior using -explicit `EXPECT_CALL` first, and only turn to `NiceMock` or -`StrictMock` as the last resort. - -## Simplifying the Interface without Breaking Existing Code ## - -Sometimes a method has a long list of arguments that is mostly -uninteresting. For example, - -``` -class LogSink { - public: - ... - virtual void send(LogSeverity severity, const char* full_filename, - const char* base_filename, int line, - const struct tm* tm_time, - const char* message, size_t message_len) = 0; -}; -``` - -This method's argument list is lengthy and hard to work with (let's -say that the `message` argument is not even 0-terminated). If we mock -it as is, using the mock will be awkward. If, however, we try to -simplify this interface, we'll need to fix all clients depending on -it, which is often infeasible. - -The trick is to re-dispatch the method in the mock class: - -``` -class ScopedMockLog : public LogSink { - public: - ... - virtual void send(LogSeverity severity, const char* full_filename, - const char* base_filename, int line, const tm* tm_time, - const char* message, size_t message_len) { - // We are only interested in the log severity, full file name, and - // log message. - Log(severity, full_filename, std::string(message, message_len)); - } - - // Implements the mock method: - // - // void Log(LogSeverity severity, - // const string& file_path, - // const string& message); - MOCK_METHOD3(Log, void(LogSeverity severity, const string& file_path, - const string& message)); -}; -``` - -By defining a new mock method with a trimmed argument list, we make -the mock class much more user-friendly. - -## Alternative to Mocking Concrete Classes ## - -Often you may find yourself using classes that don't implement -interfaces. In order to test your code that uses such a class (let's -call it `Concrete`), you may be tempted to make the methods of -`Concrete` virtual and then mock it. - -Try not to do that. - -Making a non-virtual function virtual is a big decision. It creates an -extension point where subclasses can tweak your class' behavior. This -weakens your control on the class because now it's harder to maintain -the class' invariants. You should make a function virtual only when -there is a valid reason for a subclass to override it. - -Mocking concrete classes directly is problematic as it creates a tight -coupling between the class and the tests - any small change in the -class may invalidate your tests and make test maintenance a pain. - -To avoid such problems, many programmers have been practicing "coding -to interfaces": instead of talking to the `Concrete` class, your code -would define an interface and talk to it. Then you implement that -interface as an adaptor on top of `Concrete`. In tests, you can easily -mock that interface to observe how your code is doing. - -This technique incurs some overhead: - - * You pay the cost of virtual function calls (usually not a problem). - * There is more abstraction for the programmers to learn. - -However, it can also bring significant benefits in addition to better -testability: - - * `Concrete`'s API may not fit your problem domain very well, as you may not be the only client it tries to serve. By designing your own interface, you have a chance to tailor it to your need - you may add higher-level functionalities, rename stuff, etc instead of just trimming the class. This allows you to write your code (user of the interface) in a more natural way, which means it will be more readable, more maintainable, and you'll be more productive. - * If `Concrete`'s implementation ever has to change, you don't have to rewrite everywhere it is used. Instead, you can absorb the change in your implementation of the interface, and your other code and tests will be insulated from this change. - -Some people worry that if everyone is practicing this technique, they -will end up writing lots of redundant code. This concern is totally -understandable. However, there are two reasons why it may not be the -case: - - * Different projects may need to use `Concrete` in different ways, so the best interfaces for them will be different. Therefore, each of them will have its own domain-specific interface on top of `Concrete`, and they will not be the same code. - * If enough projects want to use the same interface, they can always share it, just like they have been sharing `Concrete`. You can check in the interface and the adaptor somewhere near `Concrete` (perhaps in a `contrib` sub-directory) and let many projects use it. - -You need to weigh the pros and cons carefully for your particular -problem, but I'd like to assure you that the Java community has been -practicing this for a long time and it's a proven effective technique -applicable in a wide variety of situations. :-) - -## Delegating Calls to a Fake ## - -Some times you have a non-trivial fake implementation of an -interface. For example: - -``` -class Foo { - public: - virtual ~Foo() {} - virtual char DoThis(int n) = 0; - virtual void DoThat(const char* s, int* p) = 0; -}; - -class FakeFoo : public Foo { - public: - virtual char DoThis(int n) { - return (n > 0) ? '+' : - (n < 0) ? '-' : '0'; - } - - virtual void DoThat(const char* s, int* p) { - *p = strlen(s); - } -}; -``` - -Now you want to mock this interface such that you can set expectations -on it. However, you also want to use `FakeFoo` for the default -behavior, as duplicating it in the mock object is, well, a lot of -work. - -When you define the mock class using Google Mock, you can have it -delegate its default action to a fake class you already have, using -this pattern: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::Invoke; - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - // Normal mock method definitions using Google Mock. - MOCK_METHOD1(DoThis, char(int n)); - MOCK_METHOD2(DoThat, void(const char* s, int* p)); - - // Delegates the default actions of the methods to a FakeFoo object. - // This must be called *before* the custom ON_CALL() statements. - void DelegateToFake() { - ON_CALL(*this, DoThis(_)) - .WillByDefault(Invoke(&fake_, &FakeFoo::DoThis)); - ON_CALL(*this, DoThat(_, _)) - .WillByDefault(Invoke(&fake_, &FakeFoo::DoThat)); - } - private: - FakeFoo fake_; // Keeps an instance of the fake in the mock. -}; -``` - -With that, you can use `MockFoo` in your tests as usual. Just remember -that if you don't explicitly set an action in an `ON_CALL()` or -`EXPECT_CALL()`, the fake will be called upon to do it: - -``` -using ::testing::_; - -TEST(AbcTest, Xyz) { - MockFoo foo; - foo.DelegateToFake(); // Enables the fake for delegation. - - // Put your ON_CALL(foo, ...)s here, if any. - - // No action specified, meaning to use the default action. - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(5)); - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThat(_, _)); - - int n = 0; - EXPECT_EQ('+', foo.DoThis(5)); // FakeFoo::DoThis() is invoked. - foo.DoThat("Hi", &n); // FakeFoo::DoThat() is invoked. - EXPECT_EQ(2, n); -} -``` - -**Some tips:** - - * If you want, you can still override the default action by providing your own `ON_CALL()` or using `.WillOnce()` / `.WillRepeatedly()` in `EXPECT_CALL()`. - * In `DelegateToFake()`, you only need to delegate the methods whose fake implementation you intend to use. - * The general technique discussed here works for overloaded methods, but you'll need to tell the compiler which version you mean. To disambiguate a mock function (the one you specify inside the parentheses of `ON_CALL()`), see the "Selecting Between Overloaded Functions" section on this page; to disambiguate a fake function (the one you place inside `Invoke()`), use a `static_cast` to specify the function's type. - * Having to mix a mock and a fake is often a sign of something gone wrong. Perhaps you haven't got used to the interaction-based way of testing yet. Or perhaps your interface is taking on too many roles and should be split up. Therefore, **don't abuse this**. We would only recommend to do it as an intermediate step when you are refactoring your code. - -Regarding the tip on mixing a mock and a fake, here's an example on -why it may be a bad sign: Suppose you have a class `System` for -low-level system operations. In particular, it does file and I/O -operations. And suppose you want to test how your code uses `System` -to do I/O, and you just want the file operations to work normally. If -you mock out the entire `System` class, you'll have to provide a fake -implementation for the file operation part, which suggests that -`System` is taking on too many roles. - -Instead, you can define a `FileOps` interface and an `IOOps` interface -and split `System`'s functionalities into the two. Then you can mock -`IOOps` without mocking `FileOps`. - -## Delegating Calls to a Real Object ## - -When using testing doubles (mocks, fakes, stubs, and etc), sometimes -their behaviors will differ from those of the real objects. This -difference could be either intentional (as in simulating an error such -that you can test the error handling code) or unintentional. If your -mocks have different behaviors than the real objects by mistake, you -could end up with code that passes the tests but fails in production. - -You can use the _delegating-to-real_ technique to ensure that your -mock has the same behavior as the real object while retaining the -ability to validate calls. This technique is very similar to the -delegating-to-fake technique, the difference being that we use a real -object instead of a fake. Here's an example: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::AtLeast; -using ::testing::Invoke; - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - MockFoo() { - // By default, all calls are delegated to the real object. - ON_CALL(*this, DoThis()) - .WillByDefault(Invoke(&real_, &Foo::DoThis)); - ON_CALL(*this, DoThat(_)) - .WillByDefault(Invoke(&real_, &Foo::DoThat)); - ... - } - MOCK_METHOD0(DoThis, ...); - MOCK_METHOD1(DoThat, ...); - ... - private: - Foo real_; -}; -... - - MockFoo mock; - - EXPECT_CALL(mock, DoThis()) - .Times(3); - EXPECT_CALL(mock, DoThat("Hi")) - .Times(AtLeast(1)); - ... use mock in test ... -``` - -With this, Google Mock will verify that your code made the right calls -(with the right arguments, in the right order, called the right number -of times, etc), and a real object will answer the calls (so the -behavior will be the same as in production). This gives you the best -of both worlds. - -## Delegating Calls to a Parent Class ## - -Ideally, you should code to interfaces, whose methods are all pure -virtual. In reality, sometimes you do need to mock a virtual method -that is not pure (i.e, it already has an implementation). For example: - -``` -class Foo { - public: - virtual ~Foo(); - - virtual void Pure(int n) = 0; - virtual int Concrete(const char* str) { ... } -}; - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - // Mocking a pure method. - MOCK_METHOD1(Pure, void(int n)); - // Mocking a concrete method. Foo::Concrete() is shadowed. - MOCK_METHOD1(Concrete, int(const char* str)); -}; -``` - -Sometimes you may want to call `Foo::Concrete()` instead of -`MockFoo::Concrete()`. Perhaps you want to do it as part of a stub -action, or perhaps your test doesn't need to mock `Concrete()` at all -(but it would be oh-so painful to have to define a new mock class -whenever you don't need to mock one of its methods). - -The trick is to leave a back door in your mock class for accessing the -real methods in the base class: - -``` -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - // Mocking a pure method. - MOCK_METHOD1(Pure, void(int n)); - // Mocking a concrete method. Foo::Concrete() is shadowed. - MOCK_METHOD1(Concrete, int(const char* str)); - - // Use this to call Concrete() defined in Foo. - int FooConcrete(const char* str) { return Foo::Concrete(str); } -}; -``` - -Now, you can call `Foo::Concrete()` inside an action by: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::Invoke; -... - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Concrete(_)) - .WillOnce(Invoke(&foo, &MockFoo::FooConcrete)); -``` - -or tell the mock object that you don't want to mock `Concrete()`: - -``` -using ::testing::Invoke; -... - ON_CALL(foo, Concrete(_)) - .WillByDefault(Invoke(&foo, &MockFoo::FooConcrete)); -``` - -(Why don't we just write `Invoke(&foo, &Foo::Concrete)`? If you do -that, `MockFoo::Concrete()` will be called (and cause an infinite -recursion) since `Foo::Concrete()` is virtual. That's just how C++ -works.) - -# Using Matchers # - -## Matching Argument Values Exactly ## - -You can specify exactly which arguments a mock method is expecting: - -``` -using ::testing::Return; -... - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(5)) - .WillOnce(Return('a')); - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThat("Hello", bar)); -``` - -## Using Simple Matchers ## - -You can use matchers to match arguments that have a certain property: - -``` -using ::testing::Ge; -using ::testing::NotNull; -using ::testing::Return; -... - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(Ge(5))) // The argument must be >= 5. - .WillOnce(Return('a')); - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThat("Hello", NotNull())); - // The second argument must not be NULL. -``` - -A frequently used matcher is `_`, which matches anything: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::NotNull; -... - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThat(_, NotNull())); -``` - -## Combining Matchers ## - -You can build complex matchers from existing ones using `AllOf()`, -`AnyOf()`, and `Not()`: - -``` -using ::testing::AllOf; -using ::testing::Gt; -using ::testing::HasSubstr; -using ::testing::Ne; -using ::testing::Not; -... - // The argument must be > 5 and != 10. - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(AllOf(Gt(5), - Ne(10)))); - - // The first argument must not contain sub-string "blah". - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThat(Not(HasSubstr("blah")), - NULL)); -``` - -## Casting Matchers ## - -Google Mock matchers are statically typed, meaning that the compiler -can catch your mistake if you use a matcher of the wrong type (for -example, if you use `Eq(5)` to match a `string` argument). Good for -you! - -Sometimes, however, you know what you're doing and want the compiler -to give you some slack. One example is that you have a matcher for -`long` and the argument you want to match is `int`. While the two -types aren't exactly the same, there is nothing really wrong with -using a `Matcher` to match an `int` - after all, we can first -convert the `int` argument to a `long` before giving it to the -matcher. - -To support this need, Google Mock gives you the -`SafeMatcherCast(m)` function. It casts a matcher `m` to type -`Matcher`. To ensure safety, Google Mock checks that (let `U` be the -type `m` accepts): - - 1. Type `T` can be implicitly cast to type `U`; - 1. When both `T` and `U` are built-in arithmetic types (`bool`, integers, and floating-point numbers), the conversion from `T` to `U` is not lossy (in other words, any value representable by `T` can also be represented by `U`); and - 1. When `U` is a reference, `T` must also be a reference (as the underlying matcher may be interested in the address of the `U` value). - -The code won't compile if any of these conditions isn't met. - -Here's one example: - -``` -using ::testing::SafeMatcherCast; - -// A base class and a child class. -class Base { ... }; -class Derived : public Base { ... }; - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - MOCK_METHOD1(DoThis, void(Derived* derived)); -}; -... - - MockFoo foo; - // m is a Matcher we got from somewhere. - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(SafeMatcherCast(m))); -``` - -If you find `SafeMatcherCast(m)` too limiting, you can use a similar -function `MatcherCast(m)`. The difference is that `MatcherCast` works -as long as you can `static_cast` type `T` to type `U`. - -`MatcherCast` essentially lets you bypass C++'s type system -(`static_cast` isn't always safe as it could throw away information, -for example), so be careful not to misuse/abuse it. - -## Selecting Between Overloaded Functions ## - -If you expect an overloaded function to be called, the compiler may -need some help on which overloaded version it is. - -To disambiguate functions overloaded on the const-ness of this object, -use the `Const()` argument wrapper. - -``` -using ::testing::ReturnRef; - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - ... - MOCK_METHOD0(GetBar, Bar&()); - MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(GetBar, const Bar&()); -}; -... - - MockFoo foo; - Bar bar1, bar2; - EXPECT_CALL(foo, GetBar()) // The non-const GetBar(). - .WillOnce(ReturnRef(bar1)); - EXPECT_CALL(Const(foo), GetBar()) // The const GetBar(). - .WillOnce(ReturnRef(bar2)); -``` - -(`Const()` is defined by Google Mock and returns a `const` reference -to its argument.) - -To disambiguate overloaded functions with the same number of arguments -but different argument types, you may need to specify the exact type -of a matcher, either by wrapping your matcher in `Matcher()`, or -using a matcher whose type is fixed (`TypedEq`, `An()`, -etc): - -``` -using ::testing::An; -using ::testing::Lt; -using ::testing::Matcher; -using ::testing::TypedEq; - -class MockPrinter : public Printer { - public: - MOCK_METHOD1(Print, void(int n)); - MOCK_METHOD1(Print, void(char c)); -}; - -TEST(PrinterTest, Print) { - MockPrinter printer; - - EXPECT_CALL(printer, Print(An())); // void Print(int); - EXPECT_CALL(printer, Print(Matcher(Lt(5)))); // void Print(int); - EXPECT_CALL(printer, Print(TypedEq('a'))); // void Print(char); - - printer.Print(3); - printer.Print(6); - printer.Print('a'); -} -``` - -## Performing Different Actions Based on the Arguments ## - -When a mock method is called, the _last_ matching expectation that's -still active will be selected (think "newer overrides older"). So, you -can make a method do different things depending on its argument values -like this: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::Lt; -using ::testing::Return; -... - // The default case. - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(_)) - .WillRepeatedly(Return('b')); - - // The more specific case. - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(Lt(5))) - .WillRepeatedly(Return('a')); -``` - -Now, if `foo.DoThis()` is called with a value less than 5, `'a'` will -be returned; otherwise `'b'` will be returned. - -## Matching Multiple Arguments as a Whole ## - -Sometimes it's not enough to match the arguments individually. For -example, we may want to say that the first argument must be less than -the second argument. The `With()` clause allows us to match -all arguments of a mock function as a whole. For example, - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::Lt; -using ::testing::Ne; -... - EXPECT_CALL(foo, InRange(Ne(0), _)) - .With(Lt()); -``` - -says that the first argument of `InRange()` must not be 0, and must be -less than the second argument. - -The expression inside `With()` must be a matcher of type -`Matcher >`, where `A1`, ..., `An` are the -types of the function arguments. - -You can also write `AllArgs(m)` instead of `m` inside `.With()`. The -two forms are equivalent, but `.With(AllArgs(Lt()))` is more readable -than `.With(Lt())`. - -You can use `Args(m)` to match the `n` selected arguments -against `m`. For example, - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::AllOf; -using ::testing::Args; -using ::testing::Lt; -... - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Blah(_, _, _)) - .With(AllOf(Args<0, 1>(Lt()), Args<1, 2>(Lt()))); -``` - -says that `Blah()` will be called with arguments `x`, `y`, and `z` where -`x < y < z`. - -As a convenience and example, Google Mock provides some matchers for -2-tuples, including the `Lt()` matcher above. See the [CheatSheet](V1_5_CheatSheet.md) for -the complete list. - -## Using Matchers as Predicates ## - -Have you noticed that a matcher is just a fancy predicate that also -knows how to describe itself? Many existing algorithms take predicates -as arguments (e.g. those defined in STL's `` header), and -it would be a shame if Google Mock matchers are not allowed to -participate. - -Luckily, you can use a matcher where a unary predicate functor is -expected by wrapping it inside the `Matches()` function. For example, - -``` -#include -#include - -std::vector v; -... -// How many elements in v are >= 10? -const int count = count_if(v.begin(), v.end(), Matches(Ge(10))); -``` - -Since you can build complex matchers from simpler ones easily using -Google Mock, this gives you a way to conveniently construct composite -predicates (doing the same using STL's `` header is just -painful). For example, here's a predicate that's satisfied by any -number that is >= 0, <= 100, and != 50: - -``` -Matches(AllOf(Ge(0), Le(100), Ne(50))) -``` - -## Using Matchers in Google Test Assertions ## - -Since matchers are basically predicates that also know how to describe -themselves, there is a way to take advantage of them in -[Google Test](http://code.google.com/p/googletest/) assertions. It's -called `ASSERT_THAT` and `EXPECT_THAT`: - -``` - ASSERT_THAT(value, matcher); // Asserts that value matches matcher. - EXPECT_THAT(value, matcher); // The non-fatal version. -``` - -For example, in a Google Test test you can write: - -``` -#include - -using ::testing::AllOf; -using ::testing::Ge; -using ::testing::Le; -using ::testing::MatchesRegex; -using ::testing::StartsWith; -... - - EXPECT_THAT(Foo(), StartsWith("Hello")); - EXPECT_THAT(Bar(), MatchesRegex("Line \\d+")); - ASSERT_THAT(Baz(), AllOf(Ge(5), Le(10))); -``` - -which (as you can probably guess) executes `Foo()`, `Bar()`, and -`Baz()`, and verifies that: - - * `Foo()` returns a string that starts with `"Hello"`. - * `Bar()` returns a string that matches regular expression `"Line \\d+"`. - * `Baz()` returns a number in the range [5, 10]. - -The nice thing about these macros is that _they read like -English_. They generate informative messages too. For example, if the -first `EXPECT_THAT()` above fails, the message will be something like: - -``` -Value of: Foo() - Actual: "Hi, world!" -Expected: starts with "Hello" -``` - -**Credit:** The idea of `(ASSERT|EXPECT)_THAT` was stolen from the -[Hamcrest](http://code.google.com/p/hamcrest/) project, which adds -`assertThat()` to JUnit. - -## Using Predicates as Matchers ## - -Google Mock provides a built-in set of matchers. In case you find them -lacking, you can use an arbitray unary predicate function or functor -as a matcher - as long as the predicate accepts a value of the type -you want. You do this by wrapping the predicate inside the `Truly()` -function, for example: - -``` -using ::testing::Truly; - -int IsEven(int n) { return (n % 2) == 0 ? 1 : 0; } -... - - // Bar() must be called with an even number. - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(Truly(IsEven))); -``` - -Note that the predicate function / functor doesn't have to return -`bool`. It works as long as the return value can be used as the -condition in statement `if (condition) ...`. - -## Matching Arguments that Are Not Copyable ## - -When you do an `EXPECT_CALL(mock_obj, Foo(bar))`, Google Mock saves -away a copy of `bar`. When `Foo()` is called later, Google Mock -compares the argument to `Foo()` with the saved copy of `bar`. This -way, you don't need to worry about `bar` being modified or destroyed -after the `EXPECT_CALL()` is executed. The same is true when you use -matchers like `Eq(bar)`, `Le(bar)`, and so on. - -But what if `bar` cannot be copied (i.e. has no copy constructor)? You -could define your own matcher function and use it with `Truly()`, as -the previous couple of recipes have shown. Or, you may be able to get -away from it if you can guarantee that `bar` won't be changed after -the `EXPECT_CALL()` is executed. Just tell Google Mock that it should -save a reference to `bar`, instead of a copy of it. Here's how: - -``` -using ::testing::Eq; -using ::testing::ByRef; -using ::testing::Lt; -... - // Expects that Foo()'s argument == bar. - EXPECT_CALL(mock_obj, Foo(Eq(ByRef(bar)))); - - // Expects that Foo()'s argument < bar. - EXPECT_CALL(mock_obj, Foo(Lt(ByRef(bar)))); -``` - -Remember: if you do this, don't change `bar` after the -`EXPECT_CALL()`, or the result is undefined. - -## Validating a Member of an Object ## - -Often a mock function takes a reference to object as an argument. When -matching the argument, you may not want to compare the entire object -against a fixed object, as that may be over-specification. Instead, -you may need to validate a certain member variable or the result of a -certain getter method of the object. You can do this with `Field()` -and `Property()`. More specifically, - -``` -Field(&Foo::bar, m) -``` - -is a matcher that matches a `Foo` object whose `bar` member variable -satisfies matcher `m`. - -``` -Property(&Foo::baz, m) -``` - -is a matcher that matches a `Foo` object whose `baz()` method returns -a value that satisfies matcher `m`. - -For example: - -> | `Field(&Foo::number, Ge(3))` | Matches `x` where `x.number >= 3`. | -|:-----------------------------|:-----------------------------------| -> | `Property(&Foo::name, StartsWith("John "))` | Matches `x` where `x.name()` starts with `"John "`. | - -Note that in `Property(&Foo::baz, ...)`, method `baz()` must take no -argument and be declared as `const`. - -BTW, `Field()` and `Property()` can also match plain pointers to -objects. For instance, - -``` -Field(&Foo::number, Ge(3)) -``` - -matches a plain pointer `p` where `p->number >= 3`. If `p` is `NULL`, -the match will always fail regardless of the inner matcher. - -What if you want to validate more than one members at the same time? -Remember that there is `AllOf()`. - -## Validating the Value Pointed to by a Pointer Argument ## - -C++ functions often take pointers as arguments. You can use matchers -like `NULL`, `NotNull()`, and other comparison matchers to match a -pointer, but what if you want to make sure the value _pointed to_ by -the pointer, instead of the pointer itself, has a certain property? -Well, you can use the `Pointee(m)` matcher. - -`Pointee(m)` matches a pointer iff `m` matches the value the pointer -points to. For example: - -``` -using ::testing::Ge; -using ::testing::Pointee; -... - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(Pointee(Ge(3)))); -``` - -expects `foo.Bar()` to be called with a pointer that points to a value -greater than or equal to 3. - -One nice thing about `Pointee()` is that it treats a `NULL` pointer as -a match failure, so you can write `Pointee(m)` instead of - -``` - AllOf(NotNull(), Pointee(m)) -``` - -without worrying that a `NULL` pointer will crash your test. - -Also, did we tell you that `Pointee()` works with both raw pointers -**and** smart pointers (`linked_ptr`, `shared_ptr`, `scoped_ptr`, and -etc)? - -What if you have a pointer to pointer? You guessed it - you can use -nested `Pointee()` to probe deeper inside the value. For example, -`Pointee(Pointee(Lt(3)))` matches a pointer that points to a pointer -that points to a number less than 3 (what a mouthful...). - -## Testing a Certain Property of an Object ## - -Sometimes you want to specify that an object argument has a certain -property, but there is no existing matcher that does this. If you want -good error messages, you should define a matcher. If you want to do it -quick and dirty, you could get away with writing an ordinary function. - -Let's say you have a mock function that takes an object of type `Foo`, -which has an `int bar()` method and an `int baz()` method, and you -want to constrain that the argument's `bar()` value plus its `baz()` -value is a given number. Here's how you can define a matcher to do it: - -``` -using ::testing::MatcherInterface; -using ::testing::MatchResultListener; - -class BarPlusBazEqMatcher : public MatcherInterface { - public: - explicit BarPlusBazEqMatcher(int expected_sum) - : expected_sum_(expected_sum) {} - - virtual bool MatchAndExplain(const Foo& foo, - MatchResultListener* listener) const { - return (foo.bar() + foo.baz()) == expected_sum_; - } - - virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const { - *os << "bar() + baz() equals " << expected_sum_; - } - - virtual void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const { - *os << "bar() + baz() does not equal " << expected_sum_; - } - private: - const int expected_sum_; -}; - -inline Matcher BarPlusBazEq(int expected_sum) { - return MakeMatcher(new BarPlusBazEqMatcher(expected_sum)); -} - -... - - EXPECT_CALL(..., DoThis(BarPlusBazEq(5)))...; -``` - -## Matching Containers ## - -Sometimes an STL container (e.g. list, vector, map, ...) is passed to -a mock function and you may want to validate it. Since most STL -containers support the `==` operator, you can write -`Eq(expected_container)` or simply `expected_container` to match a -container exactly. - -Sometimes, though, you may want to be more flexible (for example, the -first element must be an exact match, but the second element can be -any positive number, and so on). Also, containers used in tests often -have a small number of elements, and having to define the expected -container out-of-line is a bit of a hassle. - -You can use the `ElementsAre()` matcher in such cases: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::ElementsAre; -using ::testing::Gt; -... - - MOCK_METHOD1(Foo, void(const vector& numbers)); -... - - EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo(ElementsAre(1, Gt(0), _, 5))); -``` - -The above matcher says that the container must have 4 elements, which -must be 1, greater than 0, anything, and 5 respectively. - -`ElementsAre()` is overloaded to take 0 to 10 arguments. If more are -needed, you can place them in a C-style array and use -`ElementsAreArray()` instead: - -``` -using ::testing::ElementsAreArray; -... - - // ElementsAreArray accepts an array of element values. - const int expected_vector1[] = { 1, 5, 2, 4, ... }; - EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo(ElementsAreArray(expected_vector1))); - - // Or, an array of element matchers. - Matcher expected_vector2 = { 1, Gt(2), _, 3, ... }; - EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo(ElementsAreArray(expected_vector2))); -``` - -In case the array needs to be dynamically created (and therefore the -array size cannot be inferred by the compiler), you can give -`ElementsAreArray()` an additional argument to specify the array size: - -``` -using ::testing::ElementsAreArray; -... - int* const expected_vector3 = new int[count]; - ... fill expected_vector3 with values ... - EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo(ElementsAreArray(expected_vector3, count))); -``` - -**Tips:** - - * `ElementAre*()` works with _any_ container that implements the STL iterator concept (i.e. it has a `const_iterator` type and supports `begin()/end()`) and supports `size()`, not just the ones defined in STL. It will even work with container types yet to be written - as long as they follows the above pattern. - * You can use nested `ElementAre*()` to match nested (multi-dimensional) containers. - * If the container is passed by pointer instead of by reference, just write `Pointee(ElementsAre*(...))`. - * The order of elements _matters_ for `ElementsAre*()`. Therefore don't use it with containers whose element order is undefined (e.g. `hash_map`). - -## Sharing Matchers ## - -Under the hood, a Google Mock matcher object consists of a pointer to -a ref-counted implementation object. Copying matchers is allowed and -very efficient, as only the pointer is copied. When the last matcher -that references the implementation object dies, the implementation -object will be deleted. - -Therefore, if you have some complex matcher that you want to use again -and again, there is no need to build it everytime. Just assign it to a -matcher variable and use that variable repeatedly! For example, - -``` - Matcher in_range = AllOf(Gt(5), Le(10)); - ... use in_range as a matcher in multiple EXPECT_CALLs ... -``` - -# Setting Expectations # - -## Ignoring Uninteresting Calls ## - -If you are not interested in how a mock method is called, just don't -say anything about it. In this case, if the method is ever called, -Google Mock will perform its default action to allow the test program -to continue. If you are not happy with the default action taken by -Google Mock, you can override it using `DefaultValue::Set()` -(described later in this document) or `ON_CALL()`. - -Please note that once you expressed interest in a particular mock -method (via `EXPECT_CALL()`), all invocations to it must match some -expectation. If this function is called but the arguments don't match -any `EXPECT_CALL()` statement, it will be an error. - -## Disallowing Unexpected Calls ## - -If a mock method shouldn't be called at all, explicitly say so: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -... - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(_)) - .Times(0); -``` - -If some calls to the method are allowed, but the rest are not, just -list all the expected calls: - -``` -using ::testing::AnyNumber; -using ::testing::Gt; -... - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(5)); - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(Gt(10))) - .Times(AnyNumber()); -``` - -A call to `foo.Bar()` that doesn't match any of the `EXPECT_CALL()` -statements will be an error. - -## Expecting Ordered Calls ## - -Although an `EXPECT_CALL()` statement defined earlier takes precedence -when Google Mock tries to match a function call with an expectation, -by default calls don't have to happen in the order `EXPECT_CALL()` -statements are written. For example, if the arguments match the -matchers in the third `EXPECT_CALL()`, but not those in the first two, -then the third expectation will be used. - -If you would rather have all calls occur in the order of the -expectations, put the `EXPECT_CALL()` statements in a block where you -define a variable of type `InSequence`: - -``` - using ::testing::_; - using ::testing::InSequence; - - { - InSequence s; - - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(5)); - EXPECT_CALL(bar, DoThat(_)) - .Times(2); - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(6)); - } -``` - -In this example, we expect a call to `foo.DoThis(5)`, followed by two -calls to `bar.DoThat()` where the argument can be anything, which are -in turn followed by a call to `foo.DoThis(6)`. If a call occurred -out-of-order, Google Mock will report an error. - -## Expecting Partially Ordered Calls ## - -Sometimes requiring everything to occur in a predetermined order can -lead to brittle tests. For example, we may care about `A` occurring -before both `B` and `C`, but aren't interested in the relative order -of `B` and `C`. In this case, the test should reflect our real intent, -instead of being overly constraining. - -Google Mock allows you to impose an arbitrary DAG (directed acyclic -graph) on the calls. One way to express the DAG is to use the -[After](V1_5_CheatSheet#The_After_Clause.md) clause of `EXPECT_CALL`. - -Another way is via the `InSequence()` clause (not the same as the -`InSequence` class), which we borrowed from jMock 2. It's less -flexible than `After()`, but more convenient when you have long chains -of sequential calls, as it doesn't require you to come up with -different names for the expectations in the chains. Here's how it -works: - -If we view `EXPECT_CALL()` statements as nodes in a graph, and add an -edge from node A to node B wherever A must occur before B, we can get -a DAG. We use the term "sequence" to mean a directed path in this -DAG. Now, if we decompose the DAG into sequences, we just need to know -which sequences each `EXPECT_CALL()` belongs to in order to be able to -reconstruct the orginal DAG. - -So, to specify the partial order on the expectations we need to do two -things: first to define some `Sequence` objects, and then for each -`EXPECT_CALL()` say which `Sequence` objects it is part -of. Expectations in the same sequence must occur in the order they are -written. For example, - -``` - using ::testing::Sequence; - - Sequence s1, s2; - - EXPECT_CALL(foo, A()) - .InSequence(s1, s2); - EXPECT_CALL(bar, B()) - .InSequence(s1); - EXPECT_CALL(bar, C()) - .InSequence(s2); - EXPECT_CALL(foo, D()) - .InSequence(s2); -``` - -specifies the following DAG (where `s1` is `A -> B`, and `s2` is `A -> -C -> D`): - -``` - +---> B - | - A ---| - | - +---> C ---> D -``` - -This means that A must occur before B and C, and C must occur before -D. There's no restriction about the order other than these. - -## Controlling When an Expectation Retires ## - -When a mock method is called, Google Mock only consider expectations -that are still active. An expectation is active when created, and -becomes inactive (aka _retires_) when a call that has to occur later -has occurred. For example, in - -``` - using ::testing::_; - using ::testing::Sequence; - - Sequence s1, s2; - - EXPECT_CALL(log, Log(WARNING, _, "File too large.")) // #1 - .Times(AnyNumber()) - .InSequence(s1, s2); - EXPECT_CALL(log, Log(WARNING, _, "Data set is empty.")) // #2 - .InSequence(s1); - EXPECT_CALL(log, Log(WARNING, _, "User not found.")) // #3 - .InSequence(s2); -``` - -as soon as either #2 or #3 is matched, #1 will retire. If a warning -`"File too large."` is logged after this, it will be an error. - -Note that an expectation doesn't retire automatically when it's -saturated. For example, - -``` -using ::testing::_; -... - EXPECT_CALL(log, Log(WARNING, _, _)); // #1 - EXPECT_CALL(log, Log(WARNING, _, "File too large.")); // #2 -``` - -says that there will be exactly one warning with the message `"File -too large."`. If the second warning contains this message too, #2 will -match again and result in an upper-bound-violated error. - -If this is not what you want, you can ask an expectation to retire as -soon as it becomes saturated: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -... - EXPECT_CALL(log, Log(WARNING, _, _)); // #1 - EXPECT_CALL(log, Log(WARNING, _, "File too large.")) // #2 - .RetiresOnSaturation(); -``` - -Here #2 can be used only once, so if you have two warnings with the -message `"File too large."`, the first will match #2 and the second -will match #1 - there will be no error. - -# Using Actions # - -## Returning References from Mock Methods ## - -If a mock function's return type is a reference, you need to use -`ReturnRef()` instead of `Return()` to return a result: - -``` -using ::testing::ReturnRef; - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - MOCK_METHOD0(GetBar, Bar&()); -}; -... - - MockFoo foo; - Bar bar; - EXPECT_CALL(foo, GetBar()) - .WillOnce(ReturnRef(bar)); -``` - -## Combining Actions ## - -Want to do more than one thing when a function is called? That's -fine. `DoAll()` allow you to do sequence of actions every time. Only -the return value of the last action in the sequence will be used. - -``` -using ::testing::DoAll; - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - MOCK_METHOD1(Bar, bool(int n)); -}; -... - - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(_)) - .WillOnce(DoAll(action_1, - action_2, - ... - action_n)); -``` - -## Mocking Side Effects ## - -Sometimes a method exhibits its effect not via returning a value but -via side effects. For example, it may change some global state or -modify an output argument. To mock side effects, in general you can -define your own action by implementing `::testing::ActionInterface`. - -If all you need to do is to change an output argument, the built-in -`SetArgumentPointee()` action is convenient: - -``` -using ::testing::SetArgumentPointee; - -class MockMutator : public Mutator { - public: - MOCK_METHOD2(Mutate, void(bool mutate, int* value)); - ... -}; -... - - MockMutator mutator; - EXPECT_CALL(mutator, Mutate(true, _)) - .WillOnce(SetArgumentPointee<1>(5)); -``` - -In this example, when `mutator.Mutate()` is called, we will assign 5 -to the `int` variable pointed to by argument #1 -(0-based). - -`SetArgumentPointee()` conveniently makes an internal copy of the -value you pass to it, removing the need to keep the value in scope and -alive. The implication however is that the value must have a copy -constructor and assignment operator. - -If the mock method also needs to return a value as well, you can chain -`SetArgumentPointee()` with `Return()` using `DoAll()`: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::Return; -using ::testing::SetArgumentPointee; - -class MockMutator : public Mutator { - public: - ... - MOCK_METHOD1(MutateInt, bool(int* value)); -}; -... - - MockMutator mutator; - EXPECT_CALL(mutator, MutateInt(_)) - .WillOnce(DoAll(SetArgumentPointee<0>(5), - Return(true))); -``` - -If the output argument is an array, use the -`SetArrayArgument(first, last)` action instead. It copies the -elements in source range `[first, last)` to the array pointed to by -the `N`-th (0-based) argument: - -``` -using ::testing::NotNull; -using ::testing::SetArrayArgument; - -class MockArrayMutator : public ArrayMutator { - public: - MOCK_METHOD2(Mutate, void(int* values, int num_values)); - ... -}; -... - - MockArrayMutator mutator; - int values[5] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }; - EXPECT_CALL(mutator, Mutate(NotNull(), 5)) - .WillOnce(SetArrayArgument<0>(values, values + 5)); -``` - -This also works when the argument is an output iterator: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::SeArrayArgument; - -class MockRolodex : public Rolodex { - public: - MOCK_METHOD1(GetNames, void(std::back_insert_iterator >)); - ... -}; -... - - MockRolodex rolodex; - vector names; - names.push_back("George"); - names.push_back("John"); - names.push_back("Thomas"); - EXPECT_CALL(rolodex, GetNames(_)) - .WillOnce(SetArrayArgument<0>(names.begin(), names.end())); -``` - -## Changing a Mock Object's Behavior Based on the State ## - -If you expect a call to change the behavior of a mock object, you can use `::testing::InSequence` to specify different behaviors before and after the call: - -``` -using ::testing::InSequence; -using ::testing::Return; - -... - { - InSequence seq; - EXPECT_CALL(my_mock, IsDirty()) - .WillRepeatedly(Return(true)); - EXPECT_CALL(my_mock, Flush()); - EXPECT_CALL(my_mock, IsDirty()) - .WillRepeatedly(Return(false)); - } - my_mock.FlushIfDirty(); -``` - -This makes `my_mock.IsDirty()` return `true` before `my_mock.Flush()` is called and return `false` afterwards. - -If the behavior change is more complex, you can store the effects in a variable and make a mock method get its return value from that variable: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::SaveArg; -using ::testing::Return; - -ACTION_P(ReturnPointee, p) { return *p; } -... - int previous_value = 0; - EXPECT_CALL(my_mock, GetPrevValue()) - .WillRepeatedly(ReturnPointee(&previous_value)); - EXPECT_CALL(my_mock, UpdateValue(_)) - .WillRepeatedly(SaveArg<0>(&previous_value)); - my_mock.DoSomethingToUpdateValue(); -``` - -Here `my_mock.GetPrevValue()` will always return the argument of the last `UpdateValue()` call. - -## Setting the Default Value for a Return Type ## - -If a mock method's return type is a built-in C++ type or pointer, by -default it will return 0 when invoked. You only need to specify an -action if this default value doesn't work for you. - -Sometimes, you may want to change this default value, or you may want -to specify a default value for types Google Mock doesn't know -about. You can do this using the `::testing::DefaultValue` class -template: - -``` -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - MOCK_METHOD0(CalculateBar, Bar()); -}; -... - - Bar default_bar; - // Sets the default return value for type Bar. - DefaultValue::Set(default_bar); - - MockFoo foo; - - // We don't need to specify an action here, as the default - // return value works for us. - EXPECT_CALL(foo, CalculateBar()); - - foo.CalculateBar(); // This should return default_bar. - - // Unsets the default return value. - DefaultValue::Clear(); -``` - -Please note that changing the default value for a type can make you -tests hard to understand. We recommend you to use this feature -judiciously. For example, you may want to make sure the `Set()` and -`Clear()` calls are right next to the code that uses your mock. - -## Setting the Default Actions for a Mock Method ## - -You've learned how to change the default value of a given -type. However, this may be too coarse for your purpose: perhaps you -have two mock methods with the same return type and you want them to -have different behaviors. The `ON_CALL()` macro allows you to -customize your mock's behavior at the method level: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::AnyNumber; -using ::testing::Gt; -using ::testing::Return; -... - ON_CALL(foo, Sign(_)) - .WillByDefault(Return(-1)); - ON_CALL(foo, Sign(0)) - .WillByDefault(Return(0)); - ON_CALL(foo, Sign(Gt(0))) - .WillByDefault(Return(1)); - - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Sign(_)) - .Times(AnyNumber()); - - foo.Sign(5); // This should return 1. - foo.Sign(-9); // This should return -1. - foo.Sign(0); // This should return 0. -``` - -As you may have guessed, when there are more than one `ON_CALL()` -statements, the news order take precedence over the older ones. In -other words, the **last** one that matches the function arguments will -be used. This matching order allows you to set up the common behavior -in a mock object's constructor or the test fixture's set-up phase and -specialize the mock's behavior later. - -## Using Functions/Methods/Functors as Actions ## - -If the built-in actions don't suit you, you can easily use an existing -function, method, or functor as an action: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::Invoke; - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - MOCK_METHOD2(Sum, int(int x, int y)); - MOCK_METHOD1(ComplexJob, bool(int x)); -}; - -int CalculateSum(int x, int y) { return x + y; } - -class Helper { - public: - bool ComplexJob(int x); -}; -... - - MockFoo foo; - Helper helper; - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Sum(_, _)) - .WillOnce(Invoke(CalculateSum)); - EXPECT_CALL(foo, ComplexJob(_)) - .WillOnce(Invoke(&helper, &Helper::ComplexJob)); - - foo.Sum(5, 6); // Invokes CalculateSum(5, 6). - foo.ComplexJob(10); // Invokes helper.ComplexJob(10); -``` - -The only requirement is that the type of the function, etc must be -_compatible_ with the signature of the mock function, meaning that the -latter's arguments can be implicitly converted to the corresponding -arguments of the former, and the former's return type can be -implicitly converted to that of the latter. So, you can invoke -something whose type is _not_ exactly the same as the mock function, -as long as it's safe to do so - nice, huh? - -## Invoking a Function/Method/Functor Without Arguments ## - -`Invoke()` is very useful for doing actions that are more complex. It -passes the mock function's arguments to the function or functor being -invoked such that the callee has the full context of the call to work -with. If the invoked function is not interested in some or all of the -arguments, it can simply ignore them. - -Yet, a common pattern is that a test author wants to invoke a function -without the arguments of the mock function. `Invoke()` allows her to -do that using a wrapper function that throws away the arguments before -invoking an underlining nullary function. Needless to say, this can be -tedious and obscures the intent of the test. - -`InvokeWithoutArgs()` solves this problem. It's like `Invoke()` except -that it doesn't pass the mock function's arguments to the -callee. Here's an example: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::InvokeWithoutArgs; - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - MOCK_METHOD1(ComplexJob, bool(int n)); -}; - -bool Job1() { ... } -... - - MockFoo foo; - EXPECT_CALL(foo, ComplexJob(_)) - .WillOnce(InvokeWithoutArgs(Job1)); - - foo.ComplexJob(10); // Invokes Job1(). -``` - -## Invoking an Argument of the Mock Function ## - -Sometimes a mock function will receive a function pointer or a functor -(in other words, a "callable") as an argument, e.g. - -``` -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - MOCK_METHOD2(DoThis, bool(int n, bool (*fp)(int))); -}; -``` - -and you may want to invoke this callable argument: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -... - MockFoo foo; - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(_, _)) - .WillOnce(...); - // Will execute (*fp)(5), where fp is the - // second argument DoThis() receives. -``` - -Arghh, you need to refer to a mock function argument but C++ has no -lambda (yet), so you have to define your own action. :-( Or do you -really? - -Well, Google Mock has an action to solve _exactly_ this problem: - -``` - InvokeArgument(arg_1, arg_2, ..., arg_m) -``` - -will invoke the `N`-th (0-based) argument the mock function receives, -with `arg_1`, `arg_2`, ..., and `arg_m`. No matter if the argument is -a function pointer or a functor, Google Mock handles them both. - -With that, you could write: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::InvokeArgument; -... - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(_, _)) - .WillOnce(InvokeArgument<1>(5)); - // Will execute (*fp)(5), where fp is the - // second argument DoThis() receives. -``` - -What if the callable takes an argument by reference? No problem - just -wrap it inside `ByRef()`: - -``` -... - MOCK_METHOD1(Bar, bool(bool (*fp)(int, const Helper&))); -... -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::ByRef; -using ::testing::InvokeArgument; -... - - MockFoo foo; - Helper helper; - ... - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(_)) - .WillOnce(InvokeArgument<0>(5, ByRef(helper))); - // ByRef(helper) guarantees that a reference to helper, not a copy of it, - // will be passed to the callable. -``` - -What if the callable takes an argument by reference and we do **not** -wrap the argument in `ByRef()`? Then `InvokeArgument()` will _make a -copy_ of the argument, and pass a _reference to the copy_, instead of -a reference to the original value, to the callable. This is especially -handy when the argument is a temporary value: - -``` -... - MOCK_METHOD1(DoThat, bool(bool (*f)(const double& x, const string& s))); -... -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::InvokeArgument; -... - - MockFoo foo; - ... - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThat(_)) - .WillOnce(InvokeArgument<0>(5.0, string("Hi"))); - // Will execute (*f)(5.0, string("Hi")), where f is the function pointer - // DoThat() receives. Note that the values 5.0 and string("Hi") are - // temporary and dead once the EXPECT_CALL() statement finishes. Yet - // it's fine to perform this action later, since a copy of the values - // are kept inside the InvokeArgument action. -``` - -## Ignoring an Action's Result ## - -Sometimes you have an action that returns _something_, but you need an -action that returns `void` (perhaps you want to use it in a mock -function that returns `void`, or perhaps it needs to be used in -`DoAll()` and it's not the last in the list). `IgnoreResult()` lets -you do that. For example: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::Invoke; -using ::testing::Return; - -int Process(const MyData& data); -string DoSomething(); - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - MOCK_METHOD1(Abc, void(const MyData& data)); - MOCK_METHOD0(Xyz, bool()); -}; -... - - MockFoo foo; - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Abc(_)) - // .WillOnce(Invoke(Process)); - // The above line won't compile as Process() returns int but Abc() needs - // to return void. - .WillOnce(IgnoreResult(Invoke(Process))); - - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Xyz()) - .WillOnce(DoAll(IgnoreResult(Invoke(DoSomething)), - // Ignores the string DoSomething() returns. - Return(true))); -``` - -Note that you **cannot** use `IgnoreResult()` on an action that already -returns `void`. Doing so will lead to ugly compiler errors. - -## Selecting an Action's Arguments ## - -Say you have a mock function `Foo()` that takes seven arguments, and -you have a custom action that you want to invoke when `Foo()` is -called. Trouble is, the custom action only wants three arguments: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::Invoke; -... - MOCK_METHOD7(Foo, bool(bool visible, const string& name, int x, int y, - const map, double>& weight, - double min_weight, double max_wight)); -... - -bool IsVisibleInQuadrant1(bool visible, int x, int y) { - return visible && x >= 0 && y >= 0; -} -... - - EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo(_, _, _, _, _, _, _)) - .WillOnce(Invoke(IsVisibleInQuadrant1)); // Uh, won't compile. :-( -``` - -To please the compiler God, you can to define an "adaptor" that has -the same signature as `Foo()` and calls the custom action with the -right arguments: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::Invoke; - -bool MyIsVisibleInQuadrant1(bool visible, const string& name, int x, int y, - const map, double>& weight, - double min_weight, double max_wight) { - return IsVisibleInQuadrant1(visible, x, y); -} -... - - EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo(_, _, _, _, _, _, _)) - .WillOnce(Invoke(MyIsVisibleInQuadrant1)); // Now it works. -``` - -But isn't this awkward? - -Google Mock provides a generic _action adaptor_, so you can spend your -time minding more important business than writing your own -adaptors. Here's the syntax: - -``` - WithArgs(action) -``` - -creates an action that passes the arguments of the mock function at -the given indices (0-based) to the inner `action` and performs -it. Using `WithArgs`, our original example can be written as: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::Invoke; -using ::testing::WithArgs; -... - EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo(_, _, _, _, _, _, _)) - .WillOnce(WithArgs<0, 2, 3>(Invoke(IsVisibleInQuadrant1))); - // No need to define your own adaptor. -``` - -For better readability, Google Mock also gives you: - - * `WithoutArgs(action)` when the inner `action` takes _no_ argument, and - * `WithArg(action)` (no `s` after `Arg`) when the inner `action` takes _one_ argument. - -As you may have realized, `InvokeWithoutArgs(...)` is just syntactic -sugar for `WithoutArgs(Inovke(...))`. - -Here are more tips: - - * The inner action used in `WithArgs` and friends does not have to be `Invoke()` -- it can be anything. - * You can repeat an argument in the argument list if necessary, e.g. `WithArgs<2, 3, 3, 5>(...)`. - * You can change the order of the arguments, e.g. `WithArgs<3, 2, 1>(...)`. - * The types of the selected arguments do _not_ have to match the signature of the inner action exactly. It works as long as they can be implicitly converted to the corresponding arguments of the inner action. For example, if the 4-th argument of the mock function is an `int` and `my_action` takes a `double`, `WithArg<4>(my_action)` will work. - -## Ignoring Arguments in Action Functions ## - -The selecting-an-action's-arguments recipe showed us one way to make a -mock function and an action with incompatible argument lists fit -together. The downside is that wrapping the action in -`WithArgs<...>()` can get tedious for people writing the tests. - -If you are defining a function, method, or functor to be used with -`Invoke*()`, and you are not interested in some of its arguments, an -alternative to `WithArgs` is to declare the uninteresting arguments as -`Unused`. This makes the definition less cluttered and less fragile in -case the types of the uninteresting arguments change. It could also -increase the chance the action function can be reused. For example, -given - -``` - MOCK_METHOD3(Foo, double(const string& label, double x, double y)); - MOCK_METHOD3(Bar, double(int index, double x, double y)); -``` - -instead of - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::Invoke; - -double DistanceToOriginWithLabel(const string& label, double x, double y) { - return sqrt(x*x + y*y); -} - -double DistanceToOriginWithIndex(int index, double x, double y) { - return sqrt(x*x + y*y); -} -... - - EXEPCT_CALL(mock, Foo("abc", _, _)) - .WillOnce(Invoke(DistanceToOriginWithLabel)); - EXEPCT_CALL(mock, Bar(5, _, _)) - .WillOnce(Invoke(DistanceToOriginWithIndex)); -``` - -you could write - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::Invoke; -using ::testing::Unused; - -double DistanceToOrigin(Unused, double x, double y) { - return sqrt(x*x + y*y); -} -... - - EXEPCT_CALL(mock, Foo("abc", _, _)) - .WillOnce(Invoke(DistanceToOrigin)); - EXEPCT_CALL(mock, Bar(5, _, _)) - .WillOnce(Invoke(DistanceToOrigin)); -``` - -## Sharing Actions ## - -Just like matchers, a Google Mock action object consists of a pointer -to a ref-counted implementation object. Therefore copying actions is -also allowed and very efficient. When the last action that references -the implementation object dies, the implementation object will be -deleted. - -If you have some complex action that you want to use again and again, -you may not have to build it from scratch everytime. If the action -doesn't have an internal state (i.e. if it always does the same thing -no matter how many times it has been called), you can assign it to an -action variable and use that variable repeatedly. For example: - -``` - Action set_flag = DoAll(SetArgumentPointee<0>(5), - Return(true)); - ... use set_flag in .WillOnce() and .WillRepeatedly() ... -``` - -However, if the action has its own state, you may be surprised if you -share the action object. Suppose you have an action factory -`IncrementCounter(init)` which creates an action that increments and -returns a counter whose initial value is `init`, using two actions -created from the same expression and using a shared action will -exihibit different behaviors. Example: - -``` - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis()) - .WillRepeatedly(IncrementCounter(0)); - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThat()) - .WillRepeatedly(IncrementCounter(0)); - foo.DoThis(); // Returns 1. - foo.DoThis(); // Returns 2. - foo.DoThat(); // Returns 1 - Blah() uses a different - // counter than Bar()'s. -``` - -versus - -``` - Action increment = IncrementCounter(0); - - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis()) - .WillRepeatedly(increment); - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThat()) - .WillRepeatedly(increment); - foo.DoThis(); // Returns 1. - foo.DoThis(); // Returns 2. - foo.DoThat(); // Returns 3 - the counter is shared. -``` - -# Misc Recipes on Using Google Mock # - -## Forcing a Verification ## - -When it's being destoyed, your friendly mock object will automatically -verify that all expectations on it have been satisfied, and will -generate [Google Test](http://code.google.com/p/googletest/) failures -if not. This is convenient as it leaves you with one less thing to -worry about. That is, unless you are not sure if your mock object will -be destoyed. - -How could it be that your mock object won't eventually be destroyed? -Well, it might be created on the heap and owned by the code you are -testing. Suppose there's a bug in that code and it doesn't delete the -mock object properly - you could end up with a passing test when -there's actually a bug. - -Using a heap checker is a good idea and can alleviate the concern, but -its implementation may not be 100% reliable. So, sometimes you do want -to _force_ Google Mock to verify a mock object before it is -(hopefully) destructed. You can do this with -`Mock::VerifyAndClearExpectations(&mock_object)`: - -``` -TEST(MyServerTest, ProcessesRequest) { - using ::testing::Mock; - - MockFoo* const foo = new MockFoo; - EXPECT_CALL(*foo, ...)...; - // ... other expectations ... - - // server now owns foo. - MyServer server(foo); - server.ProcessRequest(...); - - // In case that server's destructor will forget to delete foo, - // this will verify the expectations anyway. - Mock::VerifyAndClearExpectations(foo); -} // server is destroyed when it goes out of scope here. -``` - -**Tip:** The `Mock::VerifyAndClearExpectations()` function returns a -`bool` to indicate whether the verification was successful (`true` for -yes), so you can wrap that function call inside a `ASSERT_TRUE()` if -there is no point going further when the verification has failed. - -## Using Check Points ## - -Sometimes you may want to "reset" a mock object at various check -points in your test: at each check point, you verify that all existing -expectations on the mock object have been satisfied, and then you set -some new expectations on it as if it's newly created. This allows you -to work with a mock object in "phases" whose sizes are each -manageable. - -One such scenario is that in your test's `SetUp()` function, you may -want to put the object you are testing into a certain state, with the -help from a mock object. Once in the desired state, you want to clear -all expectations on the mock, such that in the `TEST_F` body you can -set fresh expectations on it. - -As you may have figured out, the `Mock::VerifyAndClearExpectations()` -function we saw in the previous recipe can help you here. Or, if you -are using `ON_CALL()` to set default actions on the mock object and -want to clear the default actions as well, use -`Mock::VerifyAndClear(&mock_object)` instead. This function does what -`Mock::VerifyAndClearExpectations(&mock_object)` does and returns the -same `bool`, **plus** it clears the `ON_CALL()` statements on -`mock_object` too. - -Another trick you can use to achieve the same effect is to put the -expectations in sequences and insert calls to a dummy "check-point" -function at specific places. Then you can verify that the mock -function calls do happen at the right time. For example, if you are -exercising code: - -``` -Foo(1); -Foo(2); -Foo(3); -``` - -and want to verify that `Foo(1)` and `Foo(3)` both invoke -`mock.Bar("a")`, but `Foo(2)` doesn't invoke anything. You can write: - -``` -using ::testing::MockFunction; - -TEST(FooTest, InvokesBarCorrectly) { - MyMock mock; - // Class MockFunction has exactly one mock method. It is named - // Call() and has type F. - MockFunction check; - { - InSequence s; - - EXPECT_CALL(mock, Bar("a")); - EXPECT_CALL(check, Call("1")); - EXPECT_CALL(check, Call("2")); - EXPECT_CALL(mock, Bar("a")); - } - Foo(1); - check.Call("1"); - Foo(2); - check.Call("2"); - Foo(3); -} -``` - -The expectation spec says that the first `Bar("a")` must happen before -check point "1", the second `Bar("a")` must happen after check point "2", -and nothing should happen between the two check points. The explicit -check points make it easy to tell which `Bar("a")` is called by which -call to `Foo()`. - -## Mocking Destructors ## - -Sometimes you want to make sure a mock object is destructed at the -right time, e.g. after `bar->A()` is called but before `bar->B()` is -called. We already know that you can specify constraints on the order -of mock function calls, so all we need to do is to mock the destructor -of the mock function. - -This sounds simple, except for one problem: a destructor is a special -function with special syntax and special semantics, and the -`MOCK_METHOD0` macro doesn't work for it: - -``` - MOCK_METHOD0(~MockFoo, void()); // Won't compile! -``` - -The good news is that you can use a simple pattern to achieve the same -effect. First, add a mock function `Die()` to your mock class and call -it in the destructor, like this: - -``` -class MockFoo : public Foo { - ... - // Add the following two lines to the mock class. - MOCK_METHOD0(Die, void()); - virtual ~MockFoo() { Die(); } -}; -``` - -(If the name `Die()` clashes with an existing symbol, choose another -name.) Now, we have translated the problem of testing when a `MockFoo` -object dies to testing when its `Die()` method is called: - -``` - MockFoo* foo = new MockFoo; - MockBar* bar = new MockBar; - ... - { - InSequence s; - - // Expects *foo to die after bar->A() and before bar->B(). - EXPECT_CALL(*bar, A()); - EXPECT_CALL(*foo, Die()); - EXPECT_CALL(*bar, B()); - } -``` - -And that's that. - -## Using Google Mock and Threads ## - -**IMPORTANT NOTE:** What we describe in this recipe is **NOT** true yet, -as Google Mock is not currently thread-safe. However, all we need to -make it thread-safe is to implement some synchronization operations in -`` - and then the information below will -become true. - -In a **unit** test, it's best if you could isolate and test a piece of -code in a single-threaded context. That avoids race conditions and -dead locks, and makes debugging your test much easier. - -Yet many programs are multi-threaded, and sometimes to test something -we need to pound on it from more than one thread. Google Mock works -for this purpose too. - -Remember the steps for using a mock: - - 1. Create a mock object `foo`. - 1. Set its default actions and expectations using `ON_CALL()` and `EXPECT_CALL()`. - 1. The code under test calls methods of `foo`. - 1. Optionally, verify and reset the mock. - 1. Destroy the mock yourself, or let the code under test destroy it. The destructor will automatically verify it. - -If you follow the following simple rules, your mocks and threads can -live happily togeter: - - * Execute your _test code_ (as opposed to the code being tested) in _one_ thread. This makes your test easy to follow. - * Obviously, you can do step #1 without locking. - * When doing step #2 and #5, make sure no other thread is accessing `foo`. Obvious too, huh? - * #3 and #4 can be done either in one thread or in multiple threads - anyway you want. Google Mock takes care of the locking, so you don't have to do any - unless required by your test logic. - -If you violate the rules (for example, if you set expectations on a -mock while another thread is calling its methods), you get undefined -behavior. That's not fun, so don't do it. - -Google Mock guarantees that the action for a mock function is done in -the same thread that called the mock function. For example, in - -``` - EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo(1)) - .WillOnce(action1); - EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo(2)) - .WillOnce(action2); -``` - -if `Foo(1)` is called in thread 1 and `Foo(2)` is called in thread 2, -Google Mock will execute `action1` in thread 1 and `action2` in thread -2. - -Google Mock does _not_ impose a sequence on actions performed in -different threads (doing so may create deadlocks as the actions may -need to cooperate). This means that the execution of `action1` and -`action2` in the above example _may_ interleave. If this is a problem, -you should add proper synchronization logic to `action1` and `action2` -to make the test thread-safe. - - -Also, remember that `DefaultValue` is a global resource that -potentially affects _all_ living mock objects in your -program. Naturally, you won't want to mess with it from multiple -threads or when there still are mocks in action. - -## Controlling How Much Information Google Mock Prints ## - -When Google Mock sees something that has the potential of being an -error (e.g. a mock function with no expectation is called, a.k.a. an -uninteresting call, which is allowed but perhaps you forgot to -explicitly ban the call), it prints some warning messages, including -the arguments of the function and the return value. Hopefully this -will remind you to take a look and see if there is indeed a problem. - -Sometimes you are confident that your tests are correct and may not -appreciate such friendly messages. Some other times, you are debugging -your tests or learning about the behavior of the code you are testing, -and wish you could observe every mock call that happens (including -argument values and the return value). Clearly, one size doesn't fit -all. - -You can control how much Google Mock tells you using the -`--gmock_verbose=LEVEL` command-line flag, where `LEVEL` is a string -with three possible values: - - * `info`: Google Mock will print all informational messages, warnings, and errors (most verbose). At this setting, Google Mock will also log any calls to the `ON_CALL/EXPECT_CALL` macros. - * `warning`: Google Mock will print both warnings and errors (less verbose). This is the default. - * `error`: Google Mock will print errors only (least verbose). - -Alternatively, you can adjust the value of that flag from within your -tests like so: - -``` - ::testing::FLAGS_gmock_verbose = "error"; -``` - -Now, judiciously use the right flag to enable Google Mock serve you better! - -## Running Tests in Emacs ## - -If you build and run your tests in Emacs, the source file locations of -Google Mock and [Google Test](http://code.google.com/p/googletest/) -errors will be highlighted. Just press `` on one of them and -you'll be taken to the offending line. Or, you can just type `C-x `` -to jump to the next error. - -To make it even easier, you can add the following lines to your -`~/.emacs` file: - -``` -(global-set-key "\M-m" 'compile) ; m is for make -(global-set-key [M-down] 'next-error) -(global-set-key [M-up] '(lambda () (interactive) (next-error -1))) -``` - -Then you can type `M-m` to start a build, or `M-up`/`M-down` to move -back and forth between errors. - -## Fusing Google Mock Source Files ## - -Google Mock's implementation consists of dozens of files (excluding -its own tests). Sometimes you may want them to be packaged up in -fewer files instead, such that you can easily copy them to a new -machine and start hacking there. For this we provide an experimental -Python script `fuse_gmock_files.py` in the `scripts/` directory -(starting with release 1.2.0). Assuming you have Python 2.4 or above -installed on your machine, just go to that directory and run -``` -python fuse_gmock_files.py OUTPUT_DIR -``` - -and you should see an `OUTPUT_DIR` directory being created with files -`gtest/gtest.h`, `gmock/gmock.h`, and `gmock-gtest-all.cc` in it. -These three files contain everything you need to use Google Mock (and -Google Test). Just copy them to anywhere you want and you are ready -to write tests and use mocks. You can use the -[scrpts/test/Makefile](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/source/browse/trunk/scripts/test/Makefile) file as an example on how to compile your tests -against them. - -# Extending Google Mock # - -## Writing New Matchers Quickly ## - -The `MATCHER*` family of macros can be used to define custom matchers -easily. The syntax: - -``` -MATCHER(name, "description string") { statements; } -``` - -will define a matcher with the given name that executes the -statements, which must return a `bool` to indicate if the match -succeeds. Inside the statements, you can refer to the value being -matched by `arg`, and refer to its type by `arg_type`. - -The description string documents what the matcher does, and is used to -generate the failure message when the match fails. Since a -`MATCHER()` is usually defined in a header file shared by multiple C++ -source files, we require the description to be a C-string _literal_ to -avoid possible side effects. It can be empty (`""`), in which case -Google Mock will use the sequence of words in the matcher name as the -description. - -For example: -``` -MATCHER(IsDivisibleBy7, "") { return (arg % 7) == 0; } -``` -allows you to write -``` - // Expects mock_foo.Bar(n) to be called where n is divisible by 7. - EXPECT_CALL(mock_foo, Bar(IsDivisibleBy7())); -``` -or, -``` - // Verifies that the value of some_expression is divisible by 7. - EXPECT_THAT(some_expression, IsDivisibleBy7()); -``` -If the above assertion fails, it will print something like: -``` - Value of: some_expression - Expected: is divisible by 7 - Actual: 27 -``` -where the description `"is divisible by 7"` is automatically calculated from the -matcher name `IsDivisibleBy7`. - -Optionally, you can stream additional information to a hidden argument -named `result_listener` to explain the match result. For example, a -better definition of `IsDivisibleBy7` is: -``` -MATCHER(IsDivisibleBy7, "") { - if ((arg % 7) == 0) - return true; - - *result_listener << "the remainder is " << (arg % 7); - return false; -} -``` - -With this definition, the above assertion will give a better message: -``` - Value of: some_expression - Expected: is divisible by 7 - Actual: 27 (the remainder is 6) -``` - -You should let `MatchAndExplain()` print _any additional information_ -that can help a user understand the match result. Note that it should -explain why the match succeeds in case of a success (unless it's -obvious) - this is useful when the matcher is used inside -`Not()`. There is no need to print the argument value itself, as -Google Mock already prints it for you. - -**Notes:** - - 1. The type of the value being matched (`arg_type`) is determined by the context in which you use the matcher and is supplied to you by the compiler, so you don't need to worry about declaring it (nor can you). This allows the matcher to be polymorphic. For example, `IsDivisibleBy7()` can be used to match any type where the value of `(arg % 7) == 0` can be implicitly converted to a `bool`. In the `Bar(IsDivisibleBy7())` example above, if method `Bar()` takes an `int`, `arg_type` will be `int`; if it takes an `unsigned long`, `arg_type` will be `unsigned long`; and so on. - 1. Google Mock doesn't guarantee when or how many times a matcher will be invoked. Therefore the matcher logic must be _purely functional_ (i.e. it cannot have any side effect, and the result must not depend on anything other than the value being matched and the matcher parameters). This requirement must be satisfied no matter how you define the matcher (e.g. using one of the methods described in the following recipes). In particular, a matcher can never call a mock function, as that will affect the state of the mock object and Google Mock. - -## Writing New Parameterized Matchers Quickly ## - -Sometimes you'll want to define a matcher that has parameters. For that you -can use the macro: -``` -MATCHER_P(name, param_name, "description string") { statements; } -``` - -For example: -``` -MATCHER_P(HasAbsoluteValue, value, "") { return abs(arg) == value; } -``` -will allow you to write: -``` - EXPECT_THAT(Blah("a"), HasAbsoluteValue(n)); -``` -which may lead to this message (assuming `n` is 10): -``` - Value of: Blah("a") - Expected: has absolute value 10 - Actual: -9 -``` - -Note that both the matcher description and its parameter are -printed, making the message human-friendly. - -In the matcher definition body, you can write `foo_type` to -reference the type of a parameter named `foo`. For example, in the -body of `MATCHER_P(HasAbsoluteValue, value)` above, you can write -`value_type` to refer to the type of `value`. - -Google Mock also provides `MATCHER_P2`, `MATCHER_P3`, ..., up to -`MATCHER_P10` to support multi-parameter matchers: -``` -MATCHER_Pk(name, param_1, ..., param_k, "description string") { statements; } -``` - -Please note that the custom description string is for a particular -**instance** of the matcher, where the parameters have been bound to -actual values. Therefore usually you'll want the parameter values to -be part of the description. Google Mock lets you do that using -Python-style interpolations. The following syntaxes are supported -currently: - -| `%%` | a single `%` character | -|:-----|:-----------------------| -| `%(*)s` | all parameters of the matcher printed as a tuple | -| `%(foo)s` | value of the matcher parameter named `foo` | - -For example, -``` - MATCHER_P2(InClosedRange, low, hi, "is in range [%(low)s, %(hi)s]") { - return low <= arg && arg <= hi; - } - ... - EXPECT_THAT(3, InClosedRange(4, 6)); -``` -would generate a failure that contains the message: -``` - Expected: is in range [4, 6] -``` - -If you specify `""` as the description, the failure message will -contain the sequence of words in the matcher name followed by the -parameter values printed as a tuple. For example, -``` - MATCHER_P2(InClosedRange, low, hi, "") { ... } - ... - EXPECT_THAT(3, InClosedRange(4, 6)); -``` -would generate a failure that contains the text: -``` - Expected: in closed range (4, 6) -``` - -For the purpose of typing, you can view -``` -MATCHER_Pk(Foo, p1, ..., pk, "description string") { ... } -``` -as shorthand for -``` -template -FooMatcherPk -Foo(p1_type p1, ..., pk_type pk) { ... } -``` - -When you write `Foo(v1, ..., vk)`, the compiler infers the types of -the parameters `v1`, ..., and `vk` for you. If you are not happy with -the result of the type inference, you can specify the types by -explicitly instantiating the template, as in `Foo(5, false)`. -As said earlier, you don't get to (or need to) specify -`arg_type` as that's determined by the context in which the matcher -is used. - -You can assign the result of expression `Foo(p1, ..., pk)` to a -variable of type `FooMatcherPk`. This can be -useful when composing matchers. Matchers that don't have a parameter -or have only one parameter have special types: you can assign `Foo()` -to a `FooMatcher`-typed variable, and assign `Foo(p)` to a -`FooMatcherP`-typed variable. - -While you can instantiate a matcher template with reference types, -passing the parameters by pointer usually makes your code more -readable. If, however, you still want to pass a parameter by -reference, be aware that in the failure message generated by the -matcher you will see the value of the referenced object but not its -address. - -You can overload matchers with different numbers of parameters: -``` -MATCHER_P(Blah, a, "description string 1") { ... } -MATCHER_P2(Blah, a, b, "description string 2") { ... } -``` - -While it's tempting to always use the `MATCHER*` macros when defining -a new matcher, you should also consider implementing -`MatcherInterface` or using `MakePolymorphicMatcher()` instead (see -the recipes that follow), especially if you need to use the matcher a -lot. While these approaches require more work, they give you more -control on the types of the value being matched and the matcher -parameters, which in general leads to better compiler error messages -that pay off in the long run. They also allow overloading matchers -based on parameter types (as opposed to just based on the number of -parameters). - -## Writing New Monomorphic Matchers ## - -A matcher of argument type `T` implements -`::testing::MatcherInterface` and does two things: it tests whether a -value of type `T` matches the matcher, and can describe what kind of -values it matches. The latter ability is used for generating readable -error messages when expectations are violated. - -The interface looks like this: - -``` -class MatchResultListener { - public: - ... - // Streams x to the underlying ostream; does nothing if the ostream - // is NULL. - template - MatchResultListener& operator<<(const T& x); - - // Returns the underlying ostream. - ::std::ostream* stream(); -}; - -template -class MatcherInterface { - public: - virtual ~MatcherInterface(); - - // Returns true iff the matcher matches x; also explains the match - // result to 'listener'. - virtual bool MatchAndExplain(T x, MatchResultListener* listener) const = 0; - - // Describes this matcher to an ostream. - virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const = 0; - - // Describes the negation of this matcher to an ostream. - virtual void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const; -}; -``` - -If you need a custom matcher but `Truly()` is not a good option (for -example, you may not be happy with the way `Truly(predicate)` -describes itself, or you may want your matcher to be polymorphic as -`Eq(value)` is), you can define a matcher to do whatever you want in -two steps: first implement the matcher interface, and then define a -factory function to create a matcher instance. The second step is not -strictly needed but it makes the syntax of using the matcher nicer. - -For example, you can define a matcher to test whether an `int` is -divisible by 7 and then use it like this: -``` -using ::testing::MakeMatcher; -using ::testing::Matcher; -using ::testing::MatcherInterface; -using ::testing::MatchResultListener; - -class DivisibleBy7Matcher : public MatcherInterface { - public: - virtual bool MatchAndExplain(int n, MatchResultListener* listener) const { - return (n % 7) == 0; - } - - virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const { - *os << "is divisible by 7"; - } - - virtual void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const { - *os << "is not divisible by 7"; - } -}; - -inline Matcher DivisibleBy7() { - return MakeMatcher(new DivisibleBy7Matcher); -} -... - - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(DivisibleBy7())); -``` - -You may improve the matcher message by streaming additional -information to the `listener` argument in `MatchAndExplain()`: - -``` -class DivisibleBy7Matcher : public MatcherInterface { - public: - virtual bool MatchAndExplain(int n, - MatchResultListener* listener) const { - const int remainder = n % 7; - if (remainder != 0) { - *listener << "the remainder is " << remainder; - } - return remainder == 0; - } - ... -}; -``` - -Then, `EXPECT_THAT(x, DivisibleBy7());` may general a message like this: -``` -Value of: x -Expected: is divisible by 7 - Actual: 23 (the remainder is 2) -``` - -## Writing New Polymorphic Matchers ## - -You've learned how to write your own matchers in the previous -recipe. Just one problem: a matcher created using `MakeMatcher()` only -works for one particular type of arguments. If you want a -_polymorphic_ matcher that works with arguments of several types (for -instance, `Eq(x)` can be used to match a `value` as long as `value` == -`x` compiles -- `value` and `x` don't have to share the same type), -you can learn the trick from `` but it's a bit -involved. - -Fortunately, most of the time you can define a polymorphic matcher -easily with the help of `MakePolymorphicMatcher()`. Here's how you can -define `NotNull()` as an example: - -``` -using ::testing::MakePolymorphicMatcher; -using ::testing::MatchResultListener; -using ::testing::NotNull; -using ::testing::PolymorphicMatcher; - -class NotNullMatcher { - public: - // To implement a polymorphic matcher, first define a COPYABLE class - // that has three members MatchAndExplain(), DescribeTo(), and - // DescribeNegationTo(), like the following. - - // In this example, we want to use NotNull() with any pointer, so - // MatchAndExplain() accepts a pointer of any type as its first argument. - // In general, you can define MatchAndExplain() as an ordinary method or - // a method template, or even overload it. - template - bool MatchAndExplain(T* p, - MatchResultListener* /* listener */) const { - return p != NULL; - } - - // Describes the property of a value matching this matcher. - void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const { *os << "is not NULL"; } - - // Describes the property of a value NOT matching this matcher. - void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const { *os << "is NULL"; } -}; - -// To construct a polymorphic matcher, pass an instance of the class -// to MakePolymorphicMatcher(). Note the return type. -inline PolymorphicMatcher NotNull() { - return MakePolymorphicMatcher(NotNullMatcher()); -} -... - - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(NotNull())); // The argument must be a non-NULL pointer. -``` - -**Note:** Your polymorphic matcher class does **not** need to inherit from -`MatcherInterface` or any other class, and its methods do **not** need -to be virtual. - -Like in a monomorphic matcher, you may explain the match result by -streaming additional information to the `listener` argument in -`MatchAndExplain()`. - -## Writing New Cardinalities ## - -A cardinality is used in `Times()` to tell Google Mock how many times -you expect a call to occur. It doesn't have to be exact. For example, -you can say `AtLeast(5)` or `Between(2, 4)`. - -If the built-in set of cardinalities doesn't suit you, you are free to -define your own by implementing the following interface (in namespace -`testing`): - -``` -class CardinalityInterface { - public: - virtual ~CardinalityInterface(); - - // Returns true iff call_count calls will satisfy this cardinality. - virtual bool IsSatisfiedByCallCount(int call_count) const = 0; - - // Returns true iff call_count calls will saturate this cardinality. - virtual bool IsSaturatedByCallCount(int call_count) const = 0; - - // Describes self to an ostream. - virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const = 0; -}; -``` - -For example, to specify that a call must occur even number of times, -you can write - -``` -using ::testing::Cardinality; -using ::testing::CardinalityInterface; -using ::testing::MakeCardinality; - -class EvenNumberCardinality : public CardinalityInterface { - public: - virtual bool IsSatisfiedByCallCount(int call_count) const { - return (call_count % 2) == 0; - } - - virtual bool IsSaturatedByCallCount(int call_count) const { - return false; - } - - virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const { - *os << "called even number of times"; - } -}; - -Cardinality EvenNumber() { - return MakeCardinality(new EvenNumberCardinality); -} -... - - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(3)) - .Times(EvenNumber()); -``` - -## Writing New Actions Quickly ## - -If the built-in actions don't work for you, and you find it -inconvenient to use `Invoke()`, you can use a macro from the `ACTION*` -family to quickly define a new action that can be used in your code as -if it's a built-in action. - -By writing -``` -ACTION(name) { statements; } -``` -in a namespace scope (i.e. not inside a class or function), you will -define an action with the given name that executes the statements. -The value returned by `statements` will be used as the return value of -the action. Inside the statements, you can refer to the K-th -(0-based) argument of the mock function as `argK`. For example: -``` -ACTION(IncrementArg1) { return ++(*arg1); } -``` -allows you to write -``` -... WillOnce(IncrementArg1()); -``` - -Note that you don't need to specify the types of the mock function -arguments. Rest assured that your code is type-safe though: -you'll get a compiler error if `*arg1` doesn't support the `++` -operator, or if the type of `++(*arg1)` isn't compatible with the mock -function's return type. - -Another example: -``` -ACTION(Foo) { - (*arg2)(5); - Blah(); - *arg1 = 0; - return arg0; -} -``` -defines an action `Foo()` that invokes argument #2 (a function pointer) -with 5, calls function `Blah()`, sets the value pointed to by argument -#1 to 0, and returns argument #0. - -For more convenience and flexibility, you can also use the following -pre-defined symbols in the body of `ACTION`: - -| `argK_type` | The type of the K-th (0-based) argument of the mock function | -|:------------|:-------------------------------------------------------------| -| `args` | All arguments of the mock function as a tuple | -| `args_type` | The type of all arguments of the mock function as a tuple | -| `return_type` | The return type of the mock function | -| `function_type` | The type of the mock function | - -For example, when using an `ACTION` as a stub action for mock function: -``` -int DoSomething(bool flag, int* ptr); -``` -we have: -| **Pre-defined Symbol** | **Is Bound To** | -|:-----------------------|:----------------| -| `arg0` | the value of `flag` | -| `arg0_type` | the type `bool` | -| `arg1` | the value of `ptr` | -| `arg1_type` | the type `int*` | -| `args` | the tuple `(flag, ptr)` | -| `args_type` | the type `std::tr1::tuple` | -| `return_type` | the type `int` | -| `function_type` | the type `int(bool, int*)` | - -## Writing New Parameterized Actions Quickly ## - -Sometimes you'll want to parameterize an action you define. For that -we have another macro -``` -ACTION_P(name, param) { statements; } -``` - -For example, -``` -ACTION_P(Add, n) { return arg0 + n; } -``` -will allow you to write -``` -// Returns argument #0 + 5. -... WillOnce(Add(5)); -``` - -For convenience, we use the term _arguments_ for the values used to -invoke the mock function, and the term _parameters_ for the values -used to instantiate an action. - -Note that you don't need to provide the type of the parameter either. -Suppose the parameter is named `param`, you can also use the -Google-Mock-defined symbol `param_type` to refer to the type of the -parameter as inferred by the compiler. For example, in the body of -`ACTION_P(Add, n)` above, you can write `n_type` for the type of `n`. - -Google Mock also provides `ACTION_P2`, `ACTION_P3`, and etc to support -multi-parameter actions. For example, -``` -ACTION_P2(ReturnDistanceTo, x, y) { - double dx = arg0 - x; - double dy = arg1 - y; - return sqrt(dx*dx + dy*dy); -} -``` -lets you write -``` -... WillOnce(ReturnDistanceTo(5.0, 26.5)); -``` - -You can view `ACTION` as a degenerated parameterized action where the -number of parameters is 0. - -You can also easily define actions overloaded on the number of parameters: -``` -ACTION_P(Plus, a) { ... } -ACTION_P2(Plus, a, b) { ... } -``` - -## Restricting the Type of an Argument or Parameter in an ACTION ## - -For maximum brevity and reusability, the `ACTION*` macros don't ask -you to provide the types of the mock function arguments and the action -parameters. Instead, we let the compiler infer the types for us. - -Sometimes, however, we may want to be more explicit about the types. -There are several tricks to do that. For example: -``` -ACTION(Foo) { - // Makes sure arg0 can be converted to int. - int n = arg0; - ... use n instead of arg0 here ... -} - -ACTION_P(Bar, param) { - // Makes sure the type of arg1 is const char*. - ::testing::StaticAssertTypeEq(); - - // Makes sure param can be converted to bool. - bool flag = param; -} -``` -where `StaticAssertTypeEq` is a compile-time assertion in Google Test -that verifies two types are the same. - -## Writing New Action Templates Quickly ## - -Sometimes you want to give an action explicit template parameters that -cannot be inferred from its value parameters. `ACTION_TEMPLATE()` -supports that and can be viewed as an extension to `ACTION()` and -`ACTION_P*()`. - -The syntax: -``` -ACTION_TEMPLATE(ActionName, - HAS_m_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(kind1, name1, ..., kind_m, name_m), - AND_n_VALUE_PARAMS(p1, ..., p_n)) { statements; } -``` - -defines an action template that takes _m_ explicit template parameters -and _n_ value parameters, where _m_ is between 1 and 10, and _n_ is -between 0 and 10. `name_i` is the name of the i-th template -parameter, and `kind_i` specifies whether it's a `typename`, an -integral constant, or a template. `p_i` is the name of the i-th value -parameter. - -Example: -``` -// DuplicateArg(output) converts the k-th argument of the mock -// function to type T and copies it to *output. -ACTION_TEMPLATE(DuplicateArg, - // Note the comma between int and k: - HAS_2_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(int, k, typename, T), - AND_1_VALUE_PARAMS(output)) { - *output = T(std::tr1::get(args)); -} -``` - -To create an instance of an action template, write: -``` - ActionName(v1, ..., v_n) -``` -where the `t`s are the template arguments and the -`v`s are the value arguments. The value argument -types are inferred by the compiler. For example: -``` -using ::testing::_; -... - int n; - EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo(_, _)) - .WillOnce(DuplicateArg<1, unsigned char>(&n)); -``` - -If you want to explicitly specify the value argument types, you can -provide additional template arguments: -``` - ActionName(v1, ..., v_n) -``` -where `u_i` is the desired type of `v_i`. - -`ACTION_TEMPLATE` and `ACTION`/`ACTION_P*` can be overloaded on the -number of value parameters, but not on the number of template -parameters. Without the restriction, the meaning of the following is -unclear: - -``` - OverloadedAction(x); -``` - -Are we using a single-template-parameter action where `bool` refers to -the type of `x`, or a two-template-parameter action where the compiler -is asked to infer the type of `x`? - -## Using the ACTION Object's Type ## - -If you are writing a function that returns an `ACTION` object, you'll -need to know its type. The type depends on the macro used to define -the action and the parameter types. The rule is relatively simple: -| **Given Definition** | **Expression** | **Has Type** | -|:---------------------|:---------------|:-------------| -| `ACTION(Foo)` | `Foo()` | `FooAction` | -| `ACTION_TEMPLATE(Foo, HAS_m_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(...), AND_0_VALUE_PARAMS())` | `Foo()` | `FooAction` | -| `ACTION_P(Bar, param)` | `Bar(int_value)` | `BarActionP` | -| `ACTION_TEMPLATE(Bar, HAS_m_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(...), AND_1_VALUE_PARAMS(p1))` | `Bar(int_value)` | `FooActionP` | -| `ACTION_P2(Baz, p1, p2)` | `Baz(bool_value, int_value)` | `BazActionP2` | -| `ACTION_TEMPLATE(Baz, HAS_m_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(...), AND_2_VALUE_PARAMS(p1, p2))` | `Baz(bool_value, int_value)` | `FooActionP2` | -| ... | ... | ... | - -Note that we have to pick different suffixes (`Action`, `ActionP`, -`ActionP2`, and etc) for actions with different numbers of value -parameters, or the action definitions cannot be overloaded on the -number of them. - -## Writing New Monomorphic Actions ## - -While the `ACTION*` macros are very convenient, sometimes they are -inappropriate. For example, despite the tricks shown in the previous -recipes, they don't let you directly specify the types of the mock -function arguments and the action parameters, which in general leads -to unoptimized compiler error messages that can baffle unfamiliar -users. They also don't allow overloading actions based on parameter -types without jumping through some hoops. - -An alternative to the `ACTION*` macros is to implement -`::testing::ActionInterface`, where `F` is the type of the mock -function in which the action will be used. For example: - -``` -template class ActionInterface { - public: - virtual ~ActionInterface(); - - // Performs the action. Result is the return type of function type - // F, and ArgumentTuple is the tuple of arguments of F. - // - // For example, if F is int(bool, const string&), then Result would - // be int, and ArgumentTuple would be tr1::tuple. - virtual Result Perform(const ArgumentTuple& args) = 0; -}; - -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::Action; -using ::testing::ActionInterface; -using ::testing::MakeAction; - -typedef int IncrementMethod(int*); - -class IncrementArgumentAction : public ActionInterface { - public: - virtual int Perform(const tr1::tuple& args) { - int* p = tr1::get<0>(args); // Grabs the first argument. - return *p++; - } -}; - -Action IncrementArgument() { - return MakeAction(new IncrementArgumentAction); -} -... - - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Baz(_)) - .WillOnce(IncrementArgument()); - - int n = 5; - foo.Baz(&n); // Should return 5 and change n to 6. -``` - -## Writing New Polymorphic Actions ## - -The previous recipe showed you how to define your own action. This is -all good, except that you need to know the type of the function in -which the action will be used. Sometimes that can be a problem. For -example, if you want to use the action in functions with _different_ -types (e.g. like `Return()` and `SetArgumentPointee()`). - -If an action can be used in several types of mock functions, we say -it's _polymorphic_. The `MakePolymorphicAction()` function template -makes it easy to define such an action: - -``` -namespace testing { - -template -PolymorphicAction MakePolymorphicAction(const Impl& impl); - -} // namespace testing -``` - -As an example, let's define an action that returns the second argument -in the mock function's argument list. The first step is to define an -implementation class: - -``` -class ReturnSecondArgumentAction { - public: - template - Result Perform(const ArgumentTuple& args) const { - // To get the i-th (0-based) argument, use tr1::get(args). - return tr1::get<1>(args); - } -}; -``` - -This implementation class does _not_ need to inherit from any -particular class. What matters is that it must have a `Perform()` -method template. This method template takes the mock function's -arguments as a tuple in a **single** argument, and returns the result of -the action. It can be either `const` or not, but must be invokable -with exactly one template argument, which is the result type. In other -words, you must be able to call `Perform(args)` where `R` is the -mock function's return type and `args` is its arguments in a tuple. - -Next, we use `MakePolymorphicAction()` to turn an instance of the -implementation class into the polymorphic action we need. It will be -convenient to have a wrapper for this: - -``` -using ::testing::MakePolymorphicAction; -using ::testing::PolymorphicAction; - -PolymorphicAction ReturnSecondArgument() { - return MakePolymorphicAction(ReturnSecondArgumentAction()); -} -``` - -Now, you can use this polymorphic action the same way you use the -built-in ones: - -``` -using ::testing::_; - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - MOCK_METHOD2(DoThis, int(bool flag, int n)); - MOCK_METHOD3(DoThat, string(int x, const char* str1, const char* str2)); -}; -... - - MockFoo foo; - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(_, _)) - .WillOnce(ReturnSecondArgument()); - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThat(_, _, _)) - .WillOnce(ReturnSecondArgument()); - ... - foo.DoThis(true, 5); // Will return 5. - foo.DoThat(1, "Hi", "Bye"); // Will return "Hi". -``` - -## Teaching Google Mock How to Print Your Values ## - -When an uninteresting or unexpected call occurs, Google Mock prints -the argument values to help you debug. The `EXPECT_THAT` and -`ASSERT_THAT` assertions also print the value being validated when the -test fails. Google Mock does this using the user-extensible value -printer defined in ``. - -This printer knows how to print the built-in C++ types, native arrays, -STL containers, and any type that supports the `<<` operator. For -other types, it prints the raw bytes in the value and hope you the -user can figure it out. - -Did I say that the printer is `extensible`? That means you can teach -it to do a better job at printing your particular type than to dump -the bytes. To do that, you just need to define `<<` for your type: - -``` -#include - -namespace foo { - -class Foo { ... }; - -// It's important that the << operator is defined in the SAME -// namespace that defines Foo. C++'s look-up rules rely on that. -::std::ostream& operator<<(::std::ostream& os, const Foo& foo) { - return os << foo.DebugString(); // Whatever needed to print foo to os. -} - -} // namespace foo -``` - -Sometimes, this might not be an option. For example, your team may -consider it dangerous or bad style to have a `<<` operator for `Foo`, -or `Foo` may already have a `<<` operator that doesn't do what you -want (and you cannot change it). Don't despair though - Google Mock -gives you a second chance to get it right. Namely, you can define a -`PrintTo()` function like this: - -``` -#include - -namespace foo { - -class Foo { ... }; - -// It's important that PrintTo() is defined in the SAME -// namespace that defines Foo. C++'s look-up rules rely on that. -void PrintTo(const Foo& foo, ::std::ostream* os) { - *os << foo.DebugString(); // Whatever needed to print foo to os. -} - -} // namespace foo -``` - -What if you have both `<<` and `PrintTo()`? In this case, the latter -will override the former when Google Mock is concerned. This allows -you to customize how the value should appear in Google Mock's output -without affecting code that relies on the behavior of its `<<` -operator. - -**Note:** When printing a pointer of type `T*`, Google Mock calls -`PrintTo(T*, std::ostream* os)` instead of `operator<<(std::ostream&, T*)`. -Therefore the only way to affect how a pointer is printed by Google -Mock is to define `PrintTo()` for it. Also note that `T*` and `const T*` -are different types, so you may need to define `PrintTo()` for both. - -Why does Google Mock treat pointers specially? There are several reasons: - - * We cannot use `operator<<` to print a `signed char*` or `unsigned char*`, since it will print the pointer as a NUL-terminated C string, which likely will cause an access violation. - * We want `NULL` pointers to be printed as `"NULL"`, but `operator<<` prints it as `"0"`, `"nullptr"`, or something else, depending on the compiler. - * With some compilers, printing a `NULL` `char*` using `operator<<` will segfault. - * `operator<<` prints a function pointer as a `bool` (hence it always prints `"1"`), which is not very useful. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/v1_5/Documentation.md b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/v1_5/Documentation.md deleted file mode 100644 index 315b0a2..0000000 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/v1_5/Documentation.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -This page lists all documentation wiki pages for Google Mock **version 1.5.0** -- **if you use a different version of Google Mock, please read the documentation for that specific version instead.** - - * [ForDummies](V1_5_ForDummies.md) -- start here if you are new to Google Mock. - * [CheatSheet](V1_5_CheatSheet.md) -- a quick reference. - * [CookBook](V1_5_CookBook.md) -- recipes for doing various tasks using Google Mock. - * [FrequentlyAskedQuestions](V1_5_FrequentlyAskedQuestions.md) -- check here before asking a question on the mailing list. - -To contribute code to Google Mock, read: - - * DevGuide -- read this _before_ writing your first patch. - * [Pump Manual](http://code.google.com/p/googletest/wiki/PumpManual) -- how we generate some of Google Mock's source files. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/v1_5/ForDummies.md b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/v1_5/ForDummies.md deleted file mode 100644 index fcc3b56..0000000 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/v1_5/ForDummies.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,439 +0,0 @@ - - -(**Note:** If you get compiler errors that you don't understand, be sure to consult [Google Mock Doctor](V1_5_FrequentlyAskedQuestions#How_am_I_supposed_to_make_sense_of_these_horrible_template_error.md).) - -# What Is Google C++ Mocking Framework? # -When you write a prototype or test, often it's not feasible or wise to rely on real objects entirely. A **mock object** implements the same interface as a real object (so it can be used as one), but lets you specify at run time how it will be used and what it should do (which methods will be called? in which order? how many times? with what arguments? what will they return? etc). - -**Note:** It is easy to confuse the term _fake objects_ with mock objects. Fakes and mocks actually mean very different things in the Test-Driven Development (TDD) community: - - * **Fake** objects have working implementations, but usually take some shortcut (perhaps to make the operations less expensive), which makes them not suitable for production. An in-memory file system would be an example of a fake. - * **Mocks** are objects pre-programmed with _expectations_, which form a specification of the calls they are expected to receive. - -If all this seems too abstract for you, don't worry - the most important thing to remember is that a mock allows you to check the _interaction_ between itself and code that uses it. The difference between fakes and mocks will become much clearer once you start to use mocks. - -**Google C++ Mocking Framework** (or **Google Mock** for short) is a library (sometimes we also call it a "framework" to make it sound cool) for creating mock classes and using them. It does to C++ what [jMock](http://www.jmock.org/) and [EasyMock](http://www.easymock.org/) do to Java. - -Using Google Mock involves three basic steps: - - 1. Use some simple macros to describe the interface you want to mock, and they will expand to the implementation of your mock class; - 1. Create some mock objects and specify its expectations and behavior using an intuitive syntax; - 1. Exercise code that uses the mock objects. Google Mock will catch any violation of the expectations as soon as it arises. - -# Why Google Mock? # -While mock objects help you remove unnecessary dependencies in tests and make them fast and reliable, using mocks manually in C++ is _hard_: - - * Someone has to implement the mocks. The job is usually tedious and error-prone. No wonder people go great distance to avoid it. - * The quality of those manually written mocks is a bit, uh, unpredictable. You may see some really polished ones, but you may also see some that were hacked up in a hurry and have all sorts of ad hoc restrictions. - * The knowledge you gained from using one mock doesn't transfer to the next. - -In contrast, Java and Python programmers have some fine mock frameworks, which automate the creation of mocks. As a result, mocking is a proven effective technique and widely adopted practice in those communities. Having the right tool absolutely makes the difference. - -Google Mock was built to help C++ programmers. It was inspired by [jMock](http://www.jmock.org/) and [EasyMock](http://www.easymock.org/), but designed with C++'s specifics in mind. It is your friend if any of the following problems is bothering you: - - * You are stuck with a sub-optimal design and wish you had done more prototyping before it was too late, but prototyping in C++ is by no means "rapid". - * Your tests are slow as they depend on too many libraries or use expensive resources (e.g. a database). - * Your tests are brittle as some resources they use are unreliable (e.g. the network). - * You want to test how your code handles a failure (e.g. a file checksum error), but it's not easy to cause one. - * You need to make sure that your module interacts with other modules in the right way, but it's hard to observe the interaction; therefore you resort to observing the side effects at the end of the action, which is awkward at best. - * You want to "mock out" your dependencies, except that they don't have mock implementations yet; and, frankly, you aren't thrilled by some of those hand-written mocks. - -We encourage you to use Google Mock as: - - * a _design_ tool, for it lets you experiment with your interface design early and often. More iterations lead to better designs! - * a _testing_ tool to cut your tests' outbound dependencies and probe the interaction between your module and its collaborators. - -# Getting Started # -Using Google Mock is easy! Inside your C++ source file, just `#include` `` and ``, and you are ready to go. - -# A Case for Mock Turtles # -Let's look at an example. Suppose you are developing a graphics program that relies on a LOGO-like API for drawing. How would you test that it does the right thing? Well, you can run it and compare the screen with a golden screen snapshot, but let's admit it: tests like this are expensive to run and fragile (What if you just upgraded to a shiny new graphics card that has better anti-aliasing? Suddenly you have to update all your golden images.). It would be too painful if all your tests are like this. Fortunately, you learned about Dependency Injection and know the right thing to do: instead of having your application talk to the drawing API directly, wrap the API in an interface (say, `Turtle`) and code to that interface: - -``` -class Turtle { - ... - virtual ~Turtle() {} - virtual void PenUp() = 0; - virtual void PenDown() = 0; - virtual void Forward(int distance) = 0; - virtual void Turn(int degrees) = 0; - virtual void GoTo(int x, int y) = 0; - virtual int GetX() const = 0; - virtual int GetY() const = 0; -}; -``` - -(Note that the destructor of `Turtle` **must** be virtual, as is the case for **all** classes you intend to inherit from - otherwise the destructor of the derived class will not be called when you delete an object through a base pointer, and you'll get corrupted program states like memory leaks.) - -You can control whether the turtle's movement will leave a trace using `PenUp()` and `PenDown()`, and control its movement using `Forward()`, `Turn()`, and `GoTo()`. Finally, `GetX()` and `GetY()` tell you the current position of the turtle. - -Your program will normally use a real implementation of this interface. In tests, you can use a mock implementation instead. This allows you to easily check what drawing primitives your program is calling, with what arguments, and in which order. Tests written this way are much more robust (they won't break because your new machine does anti-aliasing differently), easier to read and maintain (the intent of a test is expressed in the code, not in some binary images), and run _much, much faster_. - -# Writing the Mock Class # -If you are lucky, the mocks you need to use have already been implemented by some nice people. If, however, you find yourself in the position to write a mock class, relax - Google Mock turns this task into a fun game! (Well, almost.) - -## How to Define It ## -Using the `Turtle` interface as example, here are the simple steps you need to follow: - - 1. Derive a class `MockTurtle` from `Turtle`. - 1. Take a virtual function of `Turtle`. Count how many arguments it has. - 1. In the `public:` section of the child class, write `MOCK_METHODn();` (or `MOCK_CONST_METHODn();` if you are mocking a `const` method), where `n` is the number of the arguments; if you counted wrong, shame on you, and a compiler error will tell you so. - 1. Now comes the fun part: you take the function signature, cut-and-paste the _function name_ as the _first_ argument to the macro, and leave what's left as the _second_ argument (in case you're curious, this is the _type of the function_). - 1. Repeat until all virtual functions you want to mock are done. - -After the process, you should have something like: - -``` -#include // Brings in Google Mock. -class MockTurtle : public Turtle { - public: - ... - MOCK_METHOD0(PenUp, void()); - MOCK_METHOD0(PenDown, void()); - MOCK_METHOD1(Forward, void(int distance)); - MOCK_METHOD1(Turn, void(int degrees)); - MOCK_METHOD2(GoTo, void(int x, int y)); - MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(GetX, int()); - MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(GetY, int()); -}; -``` - -You don't need to define these mock methods somewhere else - the `MOCK_METHOD*` macros will generate the definitions for you. It's that simple! Once you get the hang of it, you can pump out mock classes faster than your source-control system can handle your check-ins. - -**Tip:** If even this is too much work for you, you'll find the -`gmock_gen.py` tool in Google Mock's `scripts/generator/` directory (courtesy of the [cppclean](http://code.google.com/p/cppclean/) project) useful. This command-line -tool requires that you have Python 2.4 installed. You give it a C++ file and the name of an abstract class defined in it, -and it will print the definition of the mock class for you. Due to the -complexity of the C++ language, this script may not always work, but -it can be quite handy when it does. For more details, read the [user documentation](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/source/browse/trunk/scripts/generator/README). - -## Where to Put It ## -When you define a mock class, you need to decide where to put its definition. Some people put it in a `*_test.cc`. This is fine when the interface being mocked (say, `Foo`) is owned by the same person or team. Otherwise, when the owner of `Foo` changes it, your test could break. (You can't really expect `Foo`'s maintainer to fix every test that uses `Foo`, can you?) - -So, the rule of thumb is: if you need to mock `Foo` and it's owned by others, define the mock class in `Foo`'s package (better, in a `testing` sub-package such that you can clearly separate production code and testing utilities), and put it in a `mock_foo.h`. Then everyone can reference `mock_foo.h` from their tests. If `Foo` ever changes, there is only one copy of `MockFoo` to change, and only tests that depend on the changed methods need to be fixed. - -Another way to do it: you can introduce a thin layer `FooAdaptor` on top of `Foo` and code to this new interface. Since you own `FooAdaptor`, you can absorb changes in `Foo` much more easily. While this is more work initially, carefully choosing the adaptor interface can make your code easier to write and more readable (a net win in the long run), as you can choose `FooAdaptor` to fit your specific domain much better than `Foo` does. - -# Using Mocks in Tests # -Once you have a mock class, using it is easy. The typical work flow is: - - 1. Import the Google Mock names from the `testing` namespace such that you can use them unqualified (You only have to do it once per file. Remember that namespaces are a good idea and good for your health.). - 1. Create some mock objects. - 1. Specify your expectations on them (How many times will a method be called? With what arguments? What should it do? etc.). - 1. Exercise some code that uses the mocks; optionally, check the result using Google Test assertions. If a mock method is called more than expected or with wrong arguments, you'll get an error immediately. - 1. When a mock is destructed, Google Mock will automatically check whether all expectations on it have been satisfied. - -Here's an example: - -``` -#include "path/to/mock-turtle.h" -#include -#include -using ::testing::AtLeast; // #1 - -TEST(PainterTest, CanDrawSomething) { - MockTurtle turtle; // #2 - EXPECT_CALL(turtle, PenDown()) // #3 - .Times(AtLeast(1)); - - Painter painter(&turtle); // #4 - - EXPECT_TRUE(painter.DrawCircle(0, 0, 10)); -} // #5 - -int main(int argc, char** argv) { - // The following line must be executed to initialize Google Mock - // (and Google Test) before running the tests. - ::testing::InitGoogleMock(&argc, argv); - return RUN_ALL_TESTS(); -} -``` - -As you might have guessed, this test checks that `PenDown()` is called at least once. If the `painter` object didn't call this method, your test will fail with a message like this: - -``` -path/to/my_test.cc:119: Failure -Actual function call count doesn't match this expectation: -Actually: never called; -Expected: called at least once. -``` - -**Tip 1:** If you run the test from an Emacs buffer, you can hit `` on the line number displayed in the error message to jump right to the failed expectation. - -**Tip 2:** If your mock objects are never deleted, the final verification won't happen. Therefore it's a good idea to use a heap leak checker in your tests when you allocate mocks on the heap. - -**Important note:** Google Mock requires expectations to be set **before** the mock functions are called, otherwise the behavior is **undefined**. In particular, you mustn't interleave `EXPECT_CALL()`s and calls to the mock functions. - -This means `EXPECT_CALL()` should be read as expecting that a call will occur _in the future_, not that a call has occurred. Why does Google Mock work like that? Well, specifying the expectation beforehand allows Google Mock to report a violation as soon as it arises, when the context (stack trace, etc) is still available. This makes debugging much easier. - -Admittedly, this test is contrived and doesn't do much. You can easily achieve the same effect without using Google Mock. However, as we shall reveal soon, Google Mock allows you to do _much more_ with the mocks. - -## Using Google Mock with Any Testing Framework ## -If you want to use something other than Google Test (e.g. [CppUnit](http://apps.sourceforge.net/mediawiki/cppunit/index.php?title=Main_Page) or -[CxxTest](http://cxxtest.tigris.org/)) as your testing framework, just change the `main()` function in the previous section to: -``` -int main(int argc, char** argv) { - // The following line causes Google Mock to throw an exception on failure, - // which will be interpreted by your testing framework as a test failure. - ::testing::GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure) = true; - ::testing::InitGoogleMock(&argc, argv); - ... whatever your testing framework requires ... -} -``` - -This approach has a catch: it makes Google Mock throw an exception -from a mock object's destructor sometimes. With some compilers, this -sometimes causes the test program to crash. You'll still be able to -notice that the test has failed, but it's not a graceful failure. - -A better solution is to use Google Test's -[event listener API](http://code.google.com/p/googletest/wiki/GoogleTestAdvancedGuide#Extending_Google_Test_by_Handling_Test_Events) -to report a test failure to your testing framework properly. You'll need to -implement the `OnTestPartResult()` method of the event listener interface, but it -should be straightforward. - -If this turns out to be too much work, we suggest that you stick with -Google Test, which works with Google Mock seamlessly (in fact, it is -technically part of Google Mock.). If there is a reason that you -cannot use Google Test, please let us know. - -# Setting Expectations # -The key to using a mock object successfully is to set the _right expectations_ on it. If you set the expectations too strict, your test will fail as the result of unrelated changes. If you set them too loose, bugs can slip through. You want to do it just right such that your test can catch exactly the kind of bugs you intend it to catch. Google Mock provides the necessary means for you to do it "just right." - -## General Syntax ## -In Google Mock we use the `EXPECT_CALL()` macro to set an expectation on a mock method. The general syntax is: - -``` -EXPECT_CALL(mock_object, method(matchers)) - .Times(cardinality) - .WillOnce(action) - .WillRepeatedly(action); -``` - -The macro has two arguments: first the mock object, and then the method and its arguments. Note that the two are separated by a comma (`,`), not a period (`.`). (Why using a comma? The answer is that it was necessary for technical reasons.) - -The macro can be followed by some optional _clauses_ that provide more information about the expectation. We'll discuss how each clause works in the coming sections. - -This syntax is designed to make an expectation read like English. For example, you can probably guess that - -``` -using ::testing::Return;... -EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GetX()) - .Times(5) - .WillOnce(Return(100)) - .WillOnce(Return(150)) - .WillRepeatedly(Return(200)); -``` - -says that the `turtle` object's `GetX()` method will be called five times, it will return 100 the first time, 150 the second time, and then 200 every time. Some people like to call this style of syntax a Domain-Specific Language (DSL). - -**Note:** Why do we use a macro to do this? It serves two purposes: first it makes expectations easily identifiable (either by `grep` or by a human reader), and second it allows Google Mock to include the source file location of a failed expectation in messages, making debugging easier. - -## Matchers: What Arguments Do We Expect? ## -When a mock function takes arguments, we must specify what arguments we are expecting; for example: - -``` -// Expects the turtle to move forward by 100 units. -EXPECT_CALL(turtle, Forward(100)); -``` - -Sometimes you may not want to be too specific (Remember that talk about tests being too rigid? Over specification leads to brittle tests and obscures the intent of tests. Therefore we encourage you to specify only what's necessary - no more, no less.). If you care to check that `Forward()` will be called but aren't interested in its actual argument, write `_` as the argument, which means "anything goes": - -``` -using ::testing::_; -... -// Expects the turtle to move forward. -EXPECT_CALL(turtle, Forward(_)); -``` - -`_` is an instance of what we call **matchers**. A matcher is like a predicate and can test whether an argument is what we'd expect. You can use a matcher inside `EXPECT_CALL()` wherever a function argument is expected. - -A list of built-in matchers can be found in the [CheatSheet](V1_5_CheatSheet.md). For example, here's the `Ge` (greater than or equal) matcher: - -``` -using ::testing::Ge;... -EXPECT_CALL(turtle, Forward(Ge(100))); -``` - -This checks that the turtle will be told to go forward by at least 100 units. - -## Cardinalities: How Many Times Will It Be Called? ## -The first clause we can specify following an `EXPECT_CALL()` is `Times()`. We call its argument a **cardinality** as it tells _how many times_ the call should occur. It allows us to repeat an expectation many times without actually writing it as many times. More importantly, a cardinality can be "fuzzy", just like a matcher can be. This allows a user to express the intent of a test exactly. - -An interesting special case is when we say `Times(0)`. You may have guessed - it means that the function shouldn't be called with the given arguments at all, and Google Mock will report a Google Test failure whenever the function is (wrongfully) called. - -We've seen `AtLeast(n)` as an example of fuzzy cardinalities earlier. For the list of built-in cardinalities you can use, see the [CheatSheet](V1_5_CheatSheet.md). - -The `Times()` clause can be omitted. **If you omit `Times()`, Google Mock will infer the cardinality for you.** The rules are easy to remember: - - * If **neither** `WillOnce()` **nor** `WillRepeatedly()` is in the `EXPECT_CALL()`, the inferred cardinality is `Times(1)`. - * If there are `n WillOnce()`'s but **no** `WillRepeatedly()`, where `n` >= 1, the cardinality is `Times(n)`. - * If there are `n WillOnce()`'s and **one** `WillRepeatedly()`, where `n` >= 0, the cardinality is `Times(AtLeast(n))`. - -**Quick quiz:** what do you think will happen if a function is expected to be called twice but actually called four times? - -## Actions: What Should It Do? ## -Remember that a mock object doesn't really have a working implementation? We as users have to tell it what to do when a method is invoked. This is easy in Google Mock. - -First, if the return type of a mock function is a built-in type or a pointer, the function has a **default action** (a `void` function will just return, a `bool` function will return `false`, and other functions will return 0). If you don't say anything, this behavior will be used. - -Second, if a mock function doesn't have a default action, or the default action doesn't suit you, you can specify the action to be taken each time the expectation matches using a series of `WillOnce()` clauses followed by an optional `WillRepeatedly()`. For example, - -``` -using ::testing::Return;... -EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GetX()) - .WillOnce(Return(100)) - .WillOnce(Return(200)) - .WillOnce(Return(300)); -``` - -This says that `turtle.GetX()` will be called _exactly three times_ (Google Mock inferred this from how many `WillOnce()` clauses we've written, since we didn't explicitly write `Times()`), and will return 100, 200, and 300 respectively. - -``` -using ::testing::Return;... -EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GetY()) - .WillOnce(Return(100)) - .WillOnce(Return(200)) - .WillRepeatedly(Return(300)); -``` - -says that `turtle.GetY()` will be called _at least twice_ (Google Mock knows this as we've written two `WillOnce()` clauses and a `WillRepeatedly()` while having no explicit `Times()`), will return 100 the first time, 200 the second time, and 300 from the third time on. - -Of course, if you explicitly write a `Times()`, Google Mock will not try to infer the cardinality itself. What if the number you specified is larger than there are `WillOnce()` clauses? Well, after all `WillOnce()`s are used up, Google Mock will do the _default_ action for the function every time (unless, of course, you have a `WillRepeatedly()`.). - -What can we do inside `WillOnce()` besides `Return()`? You can return a reference using `ReturnRef(variable)`, or invoke a pre-defined function, among [others](V1_5_CheatSheet#Actions.md). - -**Important note:** The `EXPECT_CALL()` statement evaluates the action clause only once, even though the action may be performed many times. Therefore you must be careful about side effects. The following may not do what you want: - -``` -int n = 100; -EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GetX()) -.Times(4) -.WillOnce(Return(n++)); -``` - -Instead of returning 100, 101, 102, ..., consecutively, this mock function will always return 100 as `n++` is only evaluated once. Similarly, `Return(new Foo)` will create a new `Foo` object when the `EXPECT_CALL()` is executed, and will return the same pointer every time. If you want the side effect to happen every time, you need to define a custom action, which we'll teach in the [CookBook](V1_5_CookBook.md). - -Time for another quiz! What do you think the following means? - -``` -using ::testing::Return;... -EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GetY()) -.Times(4) -.WillOnce(Return(100)); -``` - -Obviously `turtle.GetY()` is expected to be called four times. But if you think it will return 100 every time, think twice! Remember that one `WillOnce()` clause will be consumed each time the function is invoked and the default action will be taken afterwards. So the right answer is that `turtle.GetY()` will return 100 the first time, but **return 0 from the second time on**, as returning 0 is the default action for `int` functions. - -## Using Multiple Expectations ## -So far we've only shown examples where you have a single expectation. More realistically, you're going to specify expectations on multiple mock methods, which may be from multiple mock objects. - -By default, when a mock method is invoked, Google Mock will search the expectations in the **reverse order** they are defined, and stop when an active expectation that matches the arguments is found (you can think of it as "newer rules override older ones."). If the matching expectation cannot take any more calls, you will get an upper-bound-violated failure. Here's an example: - -``` -using ::testing::_;... -EXPECT_CALL(turtle, Forward(_)); // #1 -EXPECT_CALL(turtle, Forward(10)) // #2 - .Times(2); -``` - -If `Forward(10)` is called three times in a row, the third time it will be an error, as the last matching expectation (#2) has been saturated. If, however, the third `Forward(10)` call is replaced by `Forward(20)`, then it would be OK, as now #1 will be the matching expectation. - -**Side note:** Why does Google Mock search for a match in the _reverse_ order of the expectations? The reason is that this allows a user to set up the default expectations in a mock object's constructor or the test fixture's set-up phase and then customize the mock by writing more specific expectations in the test body. So, if you have two expectations on the same method, you want to put the one with more specific matchers **after** the other, or the more specific rule would be shadowed by the more general one that comes after it. - -## Ordered vs Unordered Calls ## -By default, an expectation can match a call even though an earlier expectation hasn't been satisfied. In other words, the calls don't have to occur in the order the expectations are specified. - -Sometimes, you may want all the expected calls to occur in a strict order. To say this in Google Mock is easy: - -``` -using ::testing::InSequence;... -TEST(FooTest, DrawsLineSegment) { - ... - { - InSequence dummy; - - EXPECT_CALL(turtle, PenDown()); - EXPECT_CALL(turtle, Forward(100)); - EXPECT_CALL(turtle, PenUp()); - } - Foo(); -} -``` - -By creating an object of type `InSequence`, all expectations in its scope are put into a _sequence_ and have to occur _sequentially_. Since we are just relying on the constructor and destructor of this object to do the actual work, its name is really irrelevant. - -In this example, we test that `Foo()` calls the three expected functions in the order as written. If a call is made out-of-order, it will be an error. - -(What if you care about the relative order of some of the calls, but not all of them? Can you specify an arbitrary partial order? The answer is ... yes! If you are impatient, the details can be found in the [CookBook](V1_5_CookBook.md).) - -## All Expectations Are Sticky (Unless Said Otherwise) ## -Now let's do a quick quiz to see how well you can use this mock stuff already. How would you test that the turtle is asked to go to the origin _exactly twice_ (you want to ignore any other instructions it receives)? - -After you've come up with your answer, take a look at ours and compare notes (solve it yourself first - don't cheat!): - -``` -using ::testing::_;... -EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GoTo(_, _)) // #1 - .Times(AnyNumber()); -EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GoTo(0, 0)) // #2 - .Times(2); -``` - -Suppose `turtle.GoTo(0, 0)` is called three times. In the third time, Google Mock will see that the arguments match expectation #2 (remember that we always pick the last matching expectation). Now, since we said that there should be only two such calls, Google Mock will report an error immediately. This is basically what we've told you in the "Using Multiple Expectations" section above. - -This example shows that **expectations in Google Mock are "sticky" by default**, in the sense that they remain active even after we have reached their invocation upper bounds. This is an important rule to remember, as it affects the meaning of the spec, and is **different** to how it's done in many other mocking frameworks (Why'd we do that? Because we think our rule makes the common cases easier to express and understand.). - -Simple? Let's see if you've really understood it: what does the following code say? - -``` -using ::testing::Return; -... -for (int i = n; i > 0; i--) { - EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GetX()) - .WillOnce(Return(10*i)); -} -``` - -If you think it says that `turtle.GetX()` will be called `n` times and will return 10, 20, 30, ..., consecutively, think twice! The problem is that, as we said, expectations are sticky. So, the second time `turtle.GetX()` is called, the last (latest) `EXPECT_CALL()` statement will match, and will immediately lead to an "upper bound exceeded" error - this piece of code is not very useful! - -One correct way of saying that `turtle.GetX()` will return 10, 20, 30, ..., is to explicitly say that the expectations are _not_ sticky. In other words, they should _retire_ as soon as they are saturated: - -``` -using ::testing::Return; -... -for (int i = n; i > 0; i--) { - EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GetX()) - .WillOnce(Return(10*i)) - .RetiresOnSaturation(); -} -``` - -And, there's a better way to do it: in this case, we expect the calls to occur in a specific order, and we line up the actions to match the order. Since the order is important here, we should make it explicit using a sequence: - -``` -using ::testing::InSequence; -using ::testing::Return; -... -{ - InSequence s; - - for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { - EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GetX()) - .WillOnce(Return(10*i)) - .RetiresOnSaturation(); - } -} -``` - -By the way, the other situation where an expectation may _not_ be sticky is when it's in a sequence - as soon as another expectation that comes after it in the sequence has been used, it automatically retires (and will never be used to match any call). - -## Uninteresting Calls ## -A mock object may have many methods, and not all of them are that interesting. For example, in some tests we may not care about how many times `GetX()` and `GetY()` get called. - -In Google Mock, if you are not interested in a method, just don't say anything about it. If a call to this method occurs, you'll see a warning in the test output, but it won't be a failure. - -# What Now? # -Congratulations! You've learned enough about Google Mock to start using it. Now, you might want to join the [googlemock](http://groups.google.com/group/googlemock) discussion group and actually write some tests using Google Mock - it will be fun. Hey, it may even be addictive - you've been warned. - -Then, if you feel like increasing your mock quotient, you should move on to the [CookBook](V1_5_CookBook.md). You can learn many advanced features of Google Mock there -- and advance your level of enjoyment and testing bliss. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/v1_5/FrequentlyAskedQuestions.md b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/v1_5/FrequentlyAskedQuestions.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7593243..0000000 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/v1_5/FrequentlyAskedQuestions.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,624 +0,0 @@ - - -Please send your questions to the -[googlemock](http://groups.google.com/group/googlemock) discussion -group. If you need help with compiler errors, make sure you have -tried [Google Mock Doctor](#How_am_I_supposed_to_make_sense_of_these_horrible_template_error.md) first. - -## I wrote some matchers. After I upgraded to a new version of Google Mock, they no longer compile. What's going on? ## - -After version 1.4.0 of Google Mock was released, we had an idea on how -to make it easier to write matchers that can generate informative -messages efficiently. We experimented with this idea and liked what -we saw. Therefore we decided to implement it. - -Unfortunately, this means that if you have defined your own matchers -by implementing `MatcherInterface` or using `MakePolymorphicMatcher()`, -your definitions will no longer compile. Matchers defined using the -`MATCHER*` family of macros are not affected. - -Sorry for the hassle if your matchers are affected. We believe it's -in everyone's long-term interest to make this change sooner than -later. Fortunately, it's usually not hard to migrate an existing -matcher to the new API. Here's what you need to do: - -If you wrote your matcher like this: -``` -// Old matcher definition that doesn't work with the latest -// Google Mock. -using ::testing::MatcherInterface; -... -class MyWonderfulMatcher : public MatcherInterface { - public: - ... - virtual bool Matches(MyType value) const { - // Returns true if value matches. - return value.GetFoo() > 5; - } - ... -}; -``` - -you'll need to change it to: -``` -// New matcher definition that works with the latest Google Mock. -using ::testing::MatcherInterface; -using ::testing::MatchResultListener; -... -class MyWonderfulMatcher : public MatcherInterface { - public: - ... - virtual bool MatchAndExplain(MyType value, - MatchResultListener* listener) const { - // Returns true if value matches. - return value.GetFoo() > 5; - } - ... -}; -``` -(i.e. rename `Matches()` to `MatchAndExplain()` and give it a second -argument of type `MatchResultListener*`.) - -If you were also using `ExplainMatchResultTo()` to improve the matcher -message: -``` -// Old matcher definition that doesn't work with the lastest -// Google Mock. -using ::testing::MatcherInterface; -... -class MyWonderfulMatcher : public MatcherInterface { - public: - ... - virtual bool Matches(MyType value) const { - // Returns true if value matches. - return value.GetFoo() > 5; - } - - virtual void ExplainMatchResultTo(MyType value, - ::std::ostream* os) const { - // Prints some helpful information to os to help - // a user understand why value matches (or doesn't match). - *os << "the Foo property is " << value.GetFoo(); - } - ... -}; -``` - -you should move the logic of `ExplainMatchResultTo()` into -`MatchAndExplain()`, using the `MatchResultListener` argument where -the `::std::ostream` was used: -``` -// New matcher definition that works with the latest Google Mock. -using ::testing::MatcherInterface; -using ::testing::MatchResultListener; -... -class MyWonderfulMatcher : public MatcherInterface { - public: - ... - virtual bool MatchAndExplain(MyType value, - MatchResultListener* listener) const { - // Returns true if value matches. - *listener << "the Foo property is " << value.GetFoo(); - return value.GetFoo() > 5; - } - ... -}; -``` - -If your matcher is defined using `MakePolymorphicMatcher()`: -``` -// Old matcher definition that doesn't work with the latest -// Google Mock. -using ::testing::MakePolymorphicMatcher; -... -class MyGreatMatcher { - public: - ... - bool Matches(MyType value) const { - // Returns true if value matches. - return value.GetBar() < 42; - } - ... -}; -... MakePolymorphicMatcher(MyGreatMatcher()) ... -``` - -you should rename the `Matches()` method to `MatchAndExplain()` and -add a `MatchResultListener*` argument (the same as what you need to do -for matchers defined by implementing `MatcherInterface`): -``` -// New matcher definition that works with the latest Google Mock. -using ::testing::MakePolymorphicMatcher; -using ::testing::MatchResultListener; -... -class MyGreatMatcher { - public: - ... - bool MatchAndExplain(MyType value, - MatchResultListener* listener) const { - // Returns true if value matches. - return value.GetBar() < 42; - } - ... -}; -... MakePolymorphicMatcher(MyGreatMatcher()) ... -``` - -If your polymorphic matcher uses `ExplainMatchResultTo()` for better -failure messages: -``` -// Old matcher definition that doesn't work with the latest -// Google Mock. -using ::testing::MakePolymorphicMatcher; -... -class MyGreatMatcher { - public: - ... - bool Matches(MyType value) const { - // Returns true if value matches. - return value.GetBar() < 42; - } - ... -}; -void ExplainMatchResultTo(const MyGreatMatcher& matcher, - MyType value, - ::std::ostream* os) { - // Prints some helpful information to os to help - // a user understand why value matches (or doesn't match). - *os << "the Bar property is " << value.GetBar(); -} -... MakePolymorphicMatcher(MyGreatMatcher()) ... -``` - -you'll need to move the logic inside `ExplainMatchResultTo()` to -`MatchAndExplain()`: -``` -// New matcher definition that works with the latest Google Mock. -using ::testing::MakePolymorphicMatcher; -using ::testing::MatchResultListener; -... -class MyGreatMatcher { - public: - ... - bool MatchAndExplain(MyType value, - MatchResultListener* listener) const { - // Returns true if value matches. - *listener << "the Bar property is " << value.GetBar(); - return value.GetBar() < 42; - } - ... -}; -... MakePolymorphicMatcher(MyGreatMatcher()) ... -``` - -For more information, you can read these -[two](V1_5_CookBook#Writing_New_Monomorphic_Matchers.md) -[recipes](V1_5_CookBook#Writing_New_Polymorphic_Matchers.md) -from the cookbook. As always, you -are welcome to post questions on `googlemock@googlegroups.com` if you -need any help. - -## When using Google Mock, do I have to use Google Test as the testing framework? I have my favorite testing framework and don't want to switch. ## - -Google Mock works out of the box with Google Test. However, it's easy -to configure it to work with any testing framework of your choice. -[Here](V1_5_ForDummies#Using_Google_Mock_with_Any_Testing_Framework.md) is how. - -## How am I supposed to make sense of these horrible template errors? ## - -If you are confused by the compiler errors gcc threw at you, -try consulting the _Google Mock Doctor_ tool first. What it does is to -scan stdin for gcc error messages, and spit out diagnoses on the -problems (we call them diseases) your code has. - -To "install", run command: -``` -alias gmd='/scripts/gmock_doctor.py' -``` - -To use it, do: -``` - 2>&1 | gmd -``` - -For example: -``` -make my_test 2>&1 | gmd -``` - -Or you can run `gmd` and copy-n-paste gcc's error messages to it. - -## Can I mock a variadic function? ## - -You cannot mock a variadic function (i.e. a function taking ellipsis -(`...`) arguments) directly in Google Mock. - -The problem is that in general, there is _no way_ for a mock object to -know how many arguments are passed to the variadic method, and what -the arguments' types are. Only the _author of the base class_ knows -the protocol, and we cannot look into his head. - -Therefore, to mock such a function, the _user_ must teach the mock -object how to figure out the number of arguments and their types. One -way to do it is to provide overloaded versions of the function. - -Ellipsis arguments are inherited from C and not really a C++ feature. -They are unsafe to use and don't work with arguments that have -constructors or destructors. Therefore we recommend to avoid them in -C++ as much as possible. - -## MSVC gives me warning C4301 or C4373 when I define a mock method with a const parameter. Why? ## - -If you compile this using Microsoft Visual C++ 2005 SP1: -``` -class Foo { - ... - virtual void Bar(const int i) = 0; -}; - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - ... - MOCK_METHOD1(Bar, void(const int i)); -}; -``` -You may get the following warning: -``` -warning C4301: 'MockFoo::Bar': overriding virtual function only differs from 'Foo::Bar' by const/volatile qualifier -``` - -This is a MSVC bug. The same code compiles fine with gcc ,for -example. If you use Visual C++ 2008 SP1, you would get the warning: -``` -warning C4373: 'MockFoo::Bar': virtual function overrides 'Foo::Bar', previous versions of the compiler did not override when parameters only differed by const/volatile qualifiers -``` - -In C++, if you _declare_ a function with a `const` parameter, the -`const` modifier is _ignored_. Therefore, the `Foo` base class above -is equivalent to: -``` -class Foo { - ... - virtual void Bar(int i) = 0; // int or const int? Makes no difference. -}; -``` - -In fact, you can _declare_ Bar() with an `int` parameter, and _define_ -it with a `const int` parameter. The compiler will still match them -up. - -Since making a parameter `const` is meaningless in the method -_declaration_, we recommend to remove it in both `Foo` and `MockFoo`. -That should workaround the VC bug. - -Note that we are talking about the _top-level_ `const` modifier here. -If the function parameter is passed by pointer or reference, declaring -the _pointee_ or _referee_ as `const` is still meaningful. For -example, the following two declarations are _not_ equivalent: -``` -void Bar(int* p); // Neither p nor *p is const. -void Bar(const int* p); // p is not const, but *p is. -``` - -## I have a huge mock class, and Microsoft Visual C++ runs out of memory when compiling it. What can I do? ## - -We've noticed that when the `/clr` compiler flag is used, Visual C++ -uses 5~6 times as much memory when compiling a mock class. We suggest -to avoid `/clr` when compiling native C++ mocks. - -## I can't figure out why Google Mock thinks my expectations are not satisfied. What should I do? ## - -You might want to run your test with -`--gmock_verbose=info`. This flag lets Google Mock print a trace -of every mock function call it receives. By studying the trace, -you'll gain insights on why the expectations you set are not met. - -## How can I assert that a function is NEVER called? ## - -``` -EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(_)) - .Times(0); -``` - -## I have a failed test where Google Mock tells me TWICE that a particular expectation is not satisfied. Isn't this redundant? ## - -When Google Mock detects a failure, it prints relevant information -(the mock function arguments, the state of relevant expectations, and -etc) to help the user debug. If another failure is detected, Google -Mock will do the same, including printing the state of relevant -expectations. - -Sometimes an expectation's state didn't change between two failures, -and you'll see the same description of the state twice. They are -however _not_ redundant, as they refer to _different points in time_. -The fact they are the same _is_ interesting information. - -## I get a heap check failure when using a mock object, but using a real object is fine. What can be wrong? ## - -Does the class (hopefully a pure interface) you are mocking have a -virtual destructor? - -Whenever you derive from a base class, make sure its destructor is -virtual. Otherwise Bad Things will happen. Consider the following -code: - -``` -class Base { - public: - // Not virtual, but should be. - ~Base() { ... } - ... -}; - -class Derived : public Base { - public: - ... - private: - std::string value_; -}; - -... - Base* p = new Derived; - ... - delete p; // Surprise! ~Base() will be called, but ~Derived() will not - // - value_ is leaked. -``` - -By changing `~Base()` to virtual, `~Derived()` will be correctly -called when `delete p` is executed, and the heap checker -will be happy. - -## The "newer expectations override older ones" rule makes writing expectations awkward. Why does Google Mock do that? ## - -When people complain about this, often they are referring to code like: - -``` -// foo.Bar() should be called twice, return 1 the first time, and return -// 2 the second time. However, I have to write the expectations in the -// reverse order. This sucks big time!!! -EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar()) - .WillOnce(Return(2)) - .RetiresOnSaturation(); -EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar()) - .WillOnce(Return(1)) - .RetiresOnSaturation(); -``` - -The problem is that they didn't pick the **best** way to express the test's -intent. - -By default, expectations don't have to be matched in _any_ particular -order. If you want them to match in a certain order, you need to be -explicit. This is Google Mock's (and jMock's) fundamental philosophy: it's -easy to accidentally over-specify your tests, and we want to make it -harder to do so. - -There are two better ways to write the test spec. You could either -put the expectations in sequence: - -``` -// foo.Bar() should be called twice, return 1 the first time, and return -// 2 the second time. Using a sequence, we can write the expectations -// in their natural order. -{ - InSequence s; - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar()) - .WillOnce(Return(1)) - .RetiresOnSaturation(); - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar()) - .WillOnce(Return(2)) - .RetiresOnSaturation(); -} -``` - -or you can put the sequence of actions in the same expectation: - -``` -// foo.Bar() should be called twice, return 1 the first time, and return -// 2 the second time. -EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar()) - .WillOnce(Return(1)) - .WillOnce(Return(2)) - .RetiresOnSaturation(); -``` - -Back to the original questions: why does Google Mock search the -expectations (and `ON_CALL`s) from back to front? Because this -allows a user to set up a mock's behavior for the common case early -(e.g. in the mock's constructor or the test fixture's set-up phase) -and customize it with more specific rules later. If Google Mock -searches from front to back, this very useful pattern won't be -possible. - -## Google Mock prints a warning when a function without EXPECT\_CALL is called, even if I have set its behavior using ON\_CALL. Would it be reasonable not to show the warning in this case? ## - -When choosing between being neat and being safe, we lean toward the -latter. So the answer is that we think it's better to show the -warning. - -Often people write `ON_CALL`s in the mock object's -constructor or `SetUp()`, as the default behavior rarely changes from -test to test. Then in the test body they set the expectations, which -are often different for each test. Having an `ON_CALL` in the set-up -part of a test doesn't mean that the calls are expected. If there's -no `EXPECT_CALL` and the method is called, it's possibly an error. If -we quietly let the call go through without notifying the user, bugs -may creep in unnoticed. - -If, however, you are sure that the calls are OK, you can write - -``` -EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(_)) - .WillRepeatedly(...); -``` - -instead of - -``` -ON_CALL(foo, Bar(_)) - .WillByDefault(...); -``` - -This tells Google Mock that you do expect the calls and no warning should be -printed. - -Also, you can control the verbosity using the `--gmock_verbose` flag. -If you find the output too noisy when debugging, just choose a less -verbose level. - -## How can I delete the mock function's argument in an action? ## - -If you find yourself needing to perform some action that's not -supported by Google Mock directly, remember that you can define your own -actions using -[MakeAction()](V1_5_CookBook#Writing_New_Actions.md) or -[MakePolymorphicAction()](V1_5_CookBook#Writing_New_Polymorphic_Actions.md), -or you can write a stub function and invoke it using -[Invoke()](V1_5_CookBook#Using_Functions_Methods_Functors.md). - -## MOCK\_METHODn()'s second argument looks funny. Why don't you use the MOCK\_METHODn(Method, return\_type, arg\_1, ..., arg\_n) syntax? ## - -What?! I think it's beautiful. :-) - -While which syntax looks more natural is a subjective matter to some -extent, Google Mock's syntax was chosen for several practical advantages it -has. - -Try to mock a function that takes a map as an argument: -``` -virtual int GetSize(const map& m); -``` - -Using the proposed syntax, it would be: -``` -MOCK_METHOD1(GetSize, int, const map& m); -``` - -Guess what? You'll get a compiler error as the compiler thinks that -`const map& m` are **two**, not one, arguments. To work -around this you can use `typedef` to give the map type a name, but -that gets in the way of your work. Google Mock's syntax avoids this -problem as the function's argument types are protected inside a pair -of parentheses: -``` -// This compiles fine. -MOCK_METHOD1(GetSize, int(const map& m)); -``` - -You still need a `typedef` if the return type contains an unprotected -comma, but that's much rarer. - -Other advantages include: - 1. `MOCK_METHOD1(Foo, int, bool)` can leave a reader wonder whether the method returns `int` or `bool`, while there won't be such confusion using Google Mock's syntax. - 1. The way Google Mock describes a function type is nothing new, although many people may not be familiar with it. The same syntax was used in C, and the `function` library in `tr1` uses this syntax extensively. Since `tr1` will become a part of the new version of STL, we feel very comfortable to be consistent with it. - 1. The function type syntax is also used in other parts of Google Mock's API (e.g. the action interface) in order to make the implementation tractable. A user needs to learn it anyway in order to utilize Google Mock's more advanced features. We'd as well stick to the same syntax in `MOCK_METHOD*`! - -## My code calls a static/global function. Can I mock it? ## - -You can, but you need to make some changes. - -In general, if you find yourself needing to mock a static function, -it's a sign that your modules are too tightly coupled (and less -flexible, less reusable, less testable, etc). You are probably better -off defining a small interface and call the function through that -interface, which then can be easily mocked. It's a bit of work -initially, but usually pays for itself quickly. - -This Google Testing Blog -[post](http://googletesting.blogspot.com/2008/06/defeat-static-cling.html) -says it excellently. Check it out. - -## My mock object needs to do complex stuff. It's a lot of pain to specify the actions. Google Mock sucks! ## - -I know it's not a question, but you get an answer for free any way. :-) - -With Google Mock, you can create mocks in C++ easily. And people might be -tempted to use them everywhere. Sometimes they work great, and -sometimes you may find them, well, a pain to use. So, what's wrong in -the latter case? - -When you write a test without using mocks, you exercise the code and -assert that it returns the correct value or that the system is in an -expected state. This is sometimes called "state-based testing". - -Mocks are great for what some call "interaction-based" testing: -instead of checking the system state at the very end, mock objects -verify that they are invoked the right way and report an error as soon -as it arises, giving you a handle on the precise context in which the -error was triggered. This is often more effective and economical to -do than state-based testing. - -If you are doing state-based testing and using a test double just to -simulate the real object, you are probably better off using a fake. -Using a mock in this case causes pain, as it's not a strong point for -mocks to perform complex actions. If you experience this and think -that mocks suck, you are just not using the right tool for your -problem. Or, you might be trying to solve the wrong problem. :-) - -## I got a warning "Uninteresting function call encountered - default action taken.." Should I panic? ## - -By all means, NO! It's just an FYI. - -What it means is that you have a mock function, you haven't set any -expectations on it (by Google Mock's rule this means that you are not -interested in calls to this function and therefore it can be called -any number of times), and it is called. That's OK - you didn't say -it's not OK to call the function! - -What if you actually meant to disallow this function to be called, but -forgot to write `EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar()).Times(0)`? While -one can argue that it's the user's fault, Google Mock tries to be nice and -prints you a note. - -So, when you see the message and believe that there shouldn't be any -uninteresting calls, you should investigate what's going on. To make -your life easier, Google Mock prints the function name and arguments -when an uninteresting call is encountered. - -## I want to define a custom action. Should I use Invoke() or implement the action interface? ## - -Either way is fine - you want to choose the one that's more convenient -for your circumstance. - -Usually, if your action is for a particular function type, defining it -using `Invoke()` should be easier; if your action can be used in -functions of different types (e.g. if you are defining -`Return(value)`), `MakePolymorphicAction()` is -easiest. Sometimes you want precise control on what types of -functions the action can be used in, and implementing -`ActionInterface` is the way to go here. See the implementation of -`Return()` in `include/gmock/gmock-actions.h` for an example. - -## I'm using the set-argument-pointee action, and the compiler complains about "conflicting return type specified". What does it mean? ## - -You got this error as Google Mock has no idea what value it should return -when the mock method is called. `SetArgumentPointee()` says what the -side effect is, but doesn't say what the return value should be. You -need `DoAll()` to chain a `SetArgumentPointee()` with a `Return()`. - -See this [recipe](V1_5_CookBook#Mocking_Side_Effects.md) for more details and an example. - - -## My question is not in your FAQ! ## - -If you cannot find the answer to your question in this FAQ, there are -some other resources you can use: - - 1. read other [wiki pages](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/w/list), - 1. search the mailing list [archive](http://groups.google.com/group/googlemock/topics), - 1. ask it on [googlemock@googlegroups.com](mailto:googlemock@googlegroups.com) and someone will answer it (to prevent spam, we require you to join the [discussion group](http://groups.google.com/group/googlemock) before you can post.). - -Please note that creating an issue in the -[issue tracker](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/issues/list) is _not_ -a good way to get your answer, as it is monitored infrequently by a -very small number of people. - -When asking a question, it's helpful to provide as much of the -following information as possible (people cannot help you if there's -not enough information in your question): - - * the version (or the revision number if you check out from SVN directly) of Google Mock you use (Google Mock is under active development, so it's possible that your problem has been solved in a later version), - * your operating system, - * the name and version of your compiler, - * the complete command line flags you give to your compiler, - * the complete compiler error messages (if the question is about compilation), - * the _actual_ code (ideally, a minimal but complete program) that has the problem you encounter. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/v1_6/CheatSheet.md b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/v1_6/CheatSheet.md deleted file mode 100644 index 91de1d2..0000000 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/v1_6/CheatSheet.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,534 +0,0 @@ - - -# Defining a Mock Class # - -## Mocking a Normal Class ## - -Given -``` -class Foo { - ... - virtual ~Foo(); - virtual int GetSize() const = 0; - virtual string Describe(const char* name) = 0; - virtual string Describe(int type) = 0; - virtual bool Process(Bar elem, int count) = 0; -}; -``` -(note that `~Foo()` **must** be virtual) we can define its mock as -``` -#include "gmock/gmock.h" - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(GetSize, int()); - MOCK_METHOD1(Describe, string(const char* name)); - MOCK_METHOD1(Describe, string(int type)); - MOCK_METHOD2(Process, bool(Bar elem, int count)); -}; -``` - -To create a "nice" mock object which ignores all uninteresting calls, -or a "strict" mock object, which treats them as failures: -``` -NiceMock nice_foo; // The type is a subclass of MockFoo. -StrictMock strict_foo; // The type is a subclass of MockFoo. -``` - -## Mocking a Class Template ## - -To mock -``` -template -class StackInterface { - public: - ... - virtual ~StackInterface(); - virtual int GetSize() const = 0; - virtual void Push(const Elem& x) = 0; -}; -``` -(note that `~StackInterface()` **must** be virtual) just append `_T` to the `MOCK_*` macros: -``` -template -class MockStack : public StackInterface { - public: - ... - MOCK_CONST_METHOD0_T(GetSize, int()); - MOCK_METHOD1_T(Push, void(const Elem& x)); -}; -``` - -## Specifying Calling Conventions for Mock Functions ## - -If your mock function doesn't use the default calling convention, you -can specify it by appending `_WITH_CALLTYPE` to any of the macros -described in the previous two sections and supplying the calling -convention as the first argument to the macro. For example, -``` - MOCK_METHOD_1_WITH_CALLTYPE(STDMETHODCALLTYPE, Foo, bool(int n)); - MOCK_CONST_METHOD2_WITH_CALLTYPE(STDMETHODCALLTYPE, Bar, int(double x, double y)); -``` -where `STDMETHODCALLTYPE` is defined by `` on Windows. - -# Using Mocks in Tests # - -The typical flow is: - 1. Import the Google Mock names you need to use. All Google Mock names are in the `testing` namespace unless they are macros or otherwise noted. - 1. Create the mock objects. - 1. Optionally, set the default actions of the mock objects. - 1. Set your expectations on the mock objects (How will they be called? What wil they do?). - 1. Exercise code that uses the mock objects; if necessary, check the result using [Google Test](http://code.google.com/p/googletest/) assertions. - 1. When a mock objects is destructed, Google Mock automatically verifies that all expectations on it have been satisfied. - -Here is an example: -``` -using ::testing::Return; // #1 - -TEST(BarTest, DoesThis) { - MockFoo foo; // #2 - - ON_CALL(foo, GetSize()) // #3 - .WillByDefault(Return(1)); - // ... other default actions ... - - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Describe(5)) // #4 - .Times(3) - .WillRepeatedly(Return("Category 5")); - // ... other expectations ... - - EXPECT_EQ("good", MyProductionFunction(&foo)); // #5 -} // #6 -``` - -# Setting Default Actions # - -Google Mock has a **built-in default action** for any function that -returns `void`, `bool`, a numeric value, or a pointer. - -To customize the default action for functions with return type `T` globally: -``` -using ::testing::DefaultValue; - -DefaultValue::Set(value); // Sets the default value to be returned. -// ... use the mocks ... -DefaultValue::Clear(); // Resets the default value. -``` - -To customize the default action for a particular method, use `ON_CALL()`: -``` -ON_CALL(mock_object, method(matchers)) - .With(multi_argument_matcher) ? - .WillByDefault(action); -``` - -# Setting Expectations # - -`EXPECT_CALL()` sets **expectations** on a mock method (How will it be -called? What will it do?): -``` -EXPECT_CALL(mock_object, method(matchers)) - .With(multi_argument_matcher) ? - .Times(cardinality) ? - .InSequence(sequences) * - .After(expectations) * - .WillOnce(action) * - .WillRepeatedly(action) ? - .RetiresOnSaturation(); ? -``` - -If `Times()` is omitted, the cardinality is assumed to be: - - * `Times(1)` when there is neither `WillOnce()` nor `WillRepeatedly()`; - * `Times(n)` when there are `n WillOnce()`s but no `WillRepeatedly()`, where `n` >= 1; or - * `Times(AtLeast(n))` when there are `n WillOnce()`s and a `WillRepeatedly()`, where `n` >= 0. - -A method with no `EXPECT_CALL()` is free to be invoked _any number of times_, and the default action will be taken each time. - -# Matchers # - -A **matcher** matches a _single_ argument. You can use it inside -`ON_CALL()` or `EXPECT_CALL()`, or use it to validate a value -directly: - -| `EXPECT_THAT(value, matcher)` | Asserts that `value` matches `matcher`. | -|:------------------------------|:----------------------------------------| -| `ASSERT_THAT(value, matcher)` | The same as `EXPECT_THAT(value, matcher)`, except that it generates a **fatal** failure. | - -Built-in matchers (where `argument` is the function argument) are -divided into several categories: - -## Wildcard ## -|`_`|`argument` can be any value of the correct type.| -|:--|:-----------------------------------------------| -|`A()` or `An()`|`argument` can be any value of type `type`. | - -## Generic Comparison ## - -|`Eq(value)` or `value`|`argument == value`| -|:---------------------|:------------------| -|`Ge(value)` |`argument >= value`| -|`Gt(value)` |`argument > value` | -|`Le(value)` |`argument <= value`| -|`Lt(value)` |`argument < value` | -|`Ne(value)` |`argument != value`| -|`IsNull()` |`argument` is a `NULL` pointer (raw or smart).| -|`NotNull()` |`argument` is a non-null pointer (raw or smart).| -|`Ref(variable)` |`argument` is a reference to `variable`.| -|`TypedEq(value)`|`argument` has type `type` and is equal to `value`. You may need to use this instead of `Eq(value)` when the mock function is overloaded.| - -Except `Ref()`, these matchers make a _copy_ of `value` in case it's -modified or destructed later. If the compiler complains that `value` -doesn't have a public copy constructor, try wrap it in `ByRef()`, -e.g. `Eq(ByRef(non_copyable_value))`. If you do that, make sure -`non_copyable_value` is not changed afterwards, or the meaning of your -matcher will be changed. - -## Floating-Point Matchers ## - -|`DoubleEq(a_double)`|`argument` is a `double` value approximately equal to `a_double`, treating two NaNs as unequal.| -|:-------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| -|`FloatEq(a_float)` |`argument` is a `float` value approximately equal to `a_float`, treating two NaNs as unequal. | -|`NanSensitiveDoubleEq(a_double)`|`argument` is a `double` value approximately equal to `a_double`, treating two NaNs as equal. | -|`NanSensitiveFloatEq(a_float)`|`argument` is a `float` value approximately equal to `a_float`, treating two NaNs as equal. | - -These matchers use ULP-based comparison (the same as used in -[Google Test](http://code.google.com/p/googletest/)). They -automatically pick a reasonable error bound based on the absolute -value of the expected value. `DoubleEq()` and `FloatEq()` conform to -the IEEE standard, which requires comparing two NaNs for equality to -return false. The `NanSensitive*` version instead treats two NaNs as -equal, which is often what a user wants. - -## String Matchers ## - -The `argument` can be either a C string or a C++ string object: - -|`ContainsRegex(string)`|`argument` matches the given regular expression.| -|:----------------------|:-----------------------------------------------| -|`EndsWith(suffix)` |`argument` ends with string `suffix`. | -|`HasSubstr(string)` |`argument` contains `string` as a sub-string. | -|`MatchesRegex(string)` |`argument` matches the given regular expression with the match starting at the first character and ending at the last character.| -|`StartsWith(prefix)` |`argument` starts with string `prefix`. | -|`StrCaseEq(string)` |`argument` is equal to `string`, ignoring case. | -|`StrCaseNe(string)` |`argument` is not equal to `string`, ignoring case.| -|`StrEq(string)` |`argument` is equal to `string`. | -|`StrNe(string)` |`argument` is not equal to `string`. | - -`ContainsRegex()` and `MatchesRegex()` use the regular expression -syntax defined -[here](http://code.google.com/p/googletest/wiki/V1_6_AdvancedGuide#Regular_Expression_Syntax). -`StrCaseEq()`, `StrCaseNe()`, `StrEq()`, and `StrNe()` work for wide -strings as well. - -## Container Matchers ## - -Most STL-style containers support `==`, so you can use -`Eq(expected_container)` or simply `expected_container` to match a -container exactly. If you want to write the elements in-line, -match them more flexibly, or get more informative messages, you can use: - -| `Contains(e)` | `argument` contains an element that matches `e`, which can be either a value or a matcher. | -|:--------------|:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| -| `Each(e)` | `argument` is a container where _every_ element matches `e`, which can be either a value or a matcher. | -| `ElementsAre(e0, e1, ..., en)` | `argument` has `n + 1` elements, where the i-th element matches `ei`, which can be a value or a matcher. 0 to 10 arguments are allowed. | -| `ElementsAreArray(array)` or `ElementsAreArray(array, count)` | The same as `ElementsAre()` except that the expected element values/matchers come from a C-style array. | -| `ContainerEq(container)` | The same as `Eq(container)` except that the failure message also includes which elements are in one container but not the other. | -| `Pointwise(m, container)` | `argument` contains the same number of elements as in `container`, and for all i, (the i-th element in `argument`, the i-th element in `container`) match `m`, which is a matcher on 2-tuples. E.g. `Pointwise(Le(), upper_bounds)` verifies that each element in `argument` doesn't exceed the corresponding element in `upper_bounds`. | - -These matchers can also match: - - 1. a native array passed by reference (e.g. in `Foo(const int (&a)[5])`), and - 1. an array passed as a pointer and a count (e.g. in `Bar(const T* buffer, int len)` -- see [Multi-argument Matchers](#Multiargument_Matchers.md)). - -where the array may be multi-dimensional (i.e. its elements can be arrays). - -## Member Matchers ## - -|`Field(&class::field, m)`|`argument.field` (or `argument->field` when `argument` is a plain pointer) matches matcher `m`, where `argument` is an object of type _class_.| -|:------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| -|`Key(e)` |`argument.first` matches `e`, which can be either a value or a matcher. E.g. `Contains(Key(Le(5)))` can verify that a `map` contains a key `<= 5`.| -|`Pair(m1, m2)` |`argument` is an `std::pair` whose `first` field matches `m1` and `second` field matches `m2`. | -|`Property(&class::property, m)`|`argument.property()` (or `argument->property()` when `argument` is a plain pointer) matches matcher `m`, where `argument` is an object of type _class_.| - -## Matching the Result of a Function or Functor ## - -|`ResultOf(f, m)`|`f(argument)` matches matcher `m`, where `f` is a function or functor.| -|:---------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------| - -## Pointer Matchers ## - -|`Pointee(m)`|`argument` (either a smart pointer or a raw pointer) points to a value that matches matcher `m`.| -|:-----------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| - -## Multiargument Matchers ## - -Technically, all matchers match a _single_ value. A "multi-argument" -matcher is just one that matches a _tuple_. The following matchers can -be used to match a tuple `(x, y)`: - -|`Eq()`|`x == y`| -|:-----|:-------| -|`Ge()`|`x >= y`| -|`Gt()`|`x > y` | -|`Le()`|`x <= y`| -|`Lt()`|`x < y` | -|`Ne()`|`x != y`| - -You can use the following selectors to pick a subset of the arguments -(or reorder them) to participate in the matching: - -|`AllArgs(m)`|Equivalent to `m`. Useful as syntactic sugar in `.With(AllArgs(m))`.| -|:-----------|:-------------------------------------------------------------------| -|`Args(m)`|The tuple of the `k` selected (using 0-based indices) arguments matches `m`, e.g. `Args<1, 2>(Eq())`.| - -## Composite Matchers ## - -You can make a matcher from one or more other matchers: - -|`AllOf(m1, m2, ..., mn)`|`argument` matches all of the matchers `m1` to `mn`.| -|:-----------------------|:---------------------------------------------------| -|`AnyOf(m1, m2, ..., mn)`|`argument` matches at least one of the matchers `m1` to `mn`.| -|`Not(m)` |`argument` doesn't match matcher `m`. | - -## Adapters for Matchers ## - -|`MatcherCast(m)`|casts matcher `m` to type `Matcher`.| -|:------------------|:--------------------------------------| -|`SafeMatcherCast(m)`| [safely casts](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/V1_6_CookBook#Casting_Matchers) matcher `m` to type `Matcher`. | -|`Truly(predicate)` |`predicate(argument)` returns something considered by C++ to be true, where `predicate` is a function or functor.| - -## Matchers as Predicates ## - -|`Matches(m)(value)`|evaluates to `true` if `value` matches `m`. You can use `Matches(m)` alone as a unary functor.| -|:------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| -|`ExplainMatchResult(m, value, result_listener)`|evaluates to `true` if `value` matches `m`, explaining the result to `result_listener`. | -|`Value(value, m)` |evaluates to `true` if `value` matches `m`. | - -## Defining Matchers ## - -| `MATCHER(IsEven, "") { return (arg % 2) == 0; }` | Defines a matcher `IsEven()` to match an even number. | -|:-------------------------------------------------|:------------------------------------------------------| -| `MATCHER_P(IsDivisibleBy, n, "") { *result_listener << "where the remainder is " << (arg % n); return (arg % n) == 0; }` | Defines a macher `IsDivisibleBy(n)` to match a number divisible by `n`. | -| `MATCHER_P2(IsBetween, a, b, std::string(negation ? "isn't" : "is") + " between " + PrintToString(a) + " and " + PrintToString(b)) { return a <= arg && arg <= b; }` | Defines a matcher `IsBetween(a, b)` to match a value in the range [`a`, `b`]. | - -**Notes:** - - 1. The `MATCHER*` macros cannot be used inside a function or class. - 1. The matcher body must be _purely functional_ (i.e. it cannot have any side effect, and the result must not depend on anything other than the value being matched and the matcher parameters). - 1. You can use `PrintToString(x)` to convert a value `x` of any type to a string. - -## Matchers as Test Assertions ## - -|`ASSERT_THAT(expression, m)`|Generates a [fatal failure](http://code.google.com/p/googletest/wiki/V1_6_Primer#Assertions) if the value of `expression` doesn't match matcher `m`.| -|:---------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| -|`EXPECT_THAT(expression, m)`|Generates a non-fatal failure if the value of `expression` doesn't match matcher `m`. | - -# Actions # - -**Actions** specify what a mock function should do when invoked. - -## Returning a Value ## - -|`Return()`|Return from a `void` mock function.| -|:---------|:----------------------------------| -|`Return(value)`|Return `value`. If the type of `value` is different to the mock function's return type, `value` is converted to the latter type at the time the expectation is set, not when the action is executed.| -|`ReturnArg()`|Return the `N`-th (0-based) argument.| -|`ReturnNew(a1, ..., ak)`|Return `new T(a1, ..., ak)`; a different object is created each time.| -|`ReturnNull()`|Return a null pointer. | -|`ReturnPointee(ptr)`|Return the value pointed to by `ptr`.| -|`ReturnRef(variable)`|Return a reference to `variable`. | -|`ReturnRefOfCopy(value)`|Return a reference to a copy of `value`; the copy lives as long as the action.| - -## Side Effects ## - -|`Assign(&variable, value)`|Assign `value` to variable.| -|:-------------------------|:--------------------------| -| `DeleteArg()` | Delete the `N`-th (0-based) argument, which must be a pointer. | -| `SaveArg(pointer)` | Save the `N`-th (0-based) argument to `*pointer`. | -| `SaveArgPointee(pointer)` | Save the value pointed to by the `N`-th (0-based) argument to `*pointer`. | -| `SetArgReferee(value)` | Assign value to the variable referenced by the `N`-th (0-based) argument. | -|`SetArgPointee(value)` |Assign `value` to the variable pointed by the `N`-th (0-based) argument.| -|`SetArgumentPointee(value)`|Same as `SetArgPointee(value)`. Deprecated. Will be removed in v1.7.0.| -|`SetArrayArgument(first, last)`|Copies the elements in source range [`first`, `last`) to the array pointed to by the `N`-th (0-based) argument, which can be either a pointer or an iterator. The action does not take ownership of the elements in the source range.| -|`SetErrnoAndReturn(error, value)`|Set `errno` to `error` and return `value`.| -|`Throw(exception)` |Throws the given exception, which can be any copyable value. Available since v1.1.0.| - -## Using a Function or a Functor as an Action ## - -|`Invoke(f)`|Invoke `f` with the arguments passed to the mock function, where `f` can be a global/static function or a functor.| -|:----------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| -|`Invoke(object_pointer, &class::method)`|Invoke the {method on the object with the arguments passed to the mock function. | -|`InvokeWithoutArgs(f)`|Invoke `f`, which can be a global/static function or a functor. `f` must take no arguments. | -|`InvokeWithoutArgs(object_pointer, &class::method)`|Invoke the method on the object, which takes no arguments. | -|`InvokeArgument(arg1, arg2, ..., argk)`|Invoke the mock function's `N`-th (0-based) argument, which must be a function or a functor, with the `k` arguments.| - -The return value of the invoked function is used as the return value -of the action. - -When defining a function or functor to be used with `Invoke*()`, you can declare any unused parameters as `Unused`: -``` - double Distance(Unused, double x, double y) { return sqrt(x*x + y*y); } - ... - EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo("Hi", _, _)).WillOnce(Invoke(Distance)); -``` - -In `InvokeArgument(...)`, if an argument needs to be passed by reference, wrap it inside `ByRef()`. For example, -``` - InvokeArgument<2>(5, string("Hi"), ByRef(foo)) -``` -calls the mock function's #2 argument, passing to it `5` and `string("Hi")` by value, and `foo` by reference. - -## Default Action ## - -|`DoDefault()`|Do the default action (specified by `ON_CALL()` or the built-in one).| -|:------------|:--------------------------------------------------------------------| - -**Note:** due to technical reasons, `DoDefault()` cannot be used inside a composite action - trying to do so will result in a run-time error. - -## Composite Actions ## - -|`DoAll(a1, a2, ..., an)`|Do all actions `a1` to `an` and return the result of `an` in each invocation. The first `n - 1` sub-actions must return void. | -|:-----------------------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| -|`IgnoreResult(a)` |Perform action `a` and ignore its result. `a` must not return void. | -|`WithArg(a)` |Pass the `N`-th (0-based) argument of the mock function to action `a` and perform it. | -|`WithArgs(a)`|Pass the selected (0-based) arguments of the mock function to action `a` and perform it. | -|`WithoutArgs(a)` |Perform action `a` without any arguments. | - -## Defining Actions ## - -| `ACTION(Sum) { return arg0 + arg1; }` | Defines an action `Sum()` to return the sum of the mock function's argument #0 and #1. | -|:--------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| -| `ACTION_P(Plus, n) { return arg0 + n; }` | Defines an action `Plus(n)` to return the sum of the mock function's argument #0 and `n`. | -| `ACTION_Pk(Foo, p1, ..., pk) { statements; }` | Defines a parameterized action `Foo(p1, ..., pk)` to execute the given `statements`. | - -The `ACTION*` macros cannot be used inside a function or class. - -# Cardinalities # - -These are used in `Times()` to specify how many times a mock function will be called: - -|`AnyNumber()`|The function can be called any number of times.| -|:------------|:----------------------------------------------| -|`AtLeast(n)` |The call is expected at least `n` times. | -|`AtMost(n)` |The call is expected at most `n` times. | -|`Between(m, n)`|The call is expected between `m` and `n` (inclusive) times.| -|`Exactly(n) or n`|The call is expected exactly `n` times. In particular, the call should never happen when `n` is 0.| - -# Expectation Order # - -By default, the expectations can be matched in _any_ order. If some -or all expectations must be matched in a given order, there are two -ways to specify it. They can be used either independently or -together. - -## The After Clause ## - -``` -using ::testing::Expectation; -... -Expectation init_x = EXPECT_CALL(foo, InitX()); -Expectation init_y = EXPECT_CALL(foo, InitY()); -EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar()) - .After(init_x, init_y); -``` -says that `Bar()` can be called only after both `InitX()` and -`InitY()` have been called. - -If you don't know how many pre-requisites an expectation has when you -write it, you can use an `ExpectationSet` to collect them: - -``` -using ::testing::ExpectationSet; -... -ExpectationSet all_inits; -for (int i = 0; i < element_count; i++) { - all_inits += EXPECT_CALL(foo, InitElement(i)); -} -EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar()) - .After(all_inits); -``` -says that `Bar()` can be called only after all elements have been -initialized (but we don't care about which elements get initialized -before the others). - -Modifying an `ExpectationSet` after using it in an `.After()` doesn't -affect the meaning of the `.After()`. - -## Sequences ## - -When you have a long chain of sequential expectations, it's easier to -specify the order using **sequences**, which don't require you to given -each expectation in the chain a different name. All expected
-calls in the same sequence must occur in the order they are -specified. - -``` -using ::testing::Sequence; -Sequence s1, s2; -... -EXPECT_CALL(foo, Reset()) - .InSequence(s1, s2) - .WillOnce(Return(true)); -EXPECT_CALL(foo, GetSize()) - .InSequence(s1) - .WillOnce(Return(1)); -EXPECT_CALL(foo, Describe(A())) - .InSequence(s2) - .WillOnce(Return("dummy")); -``` -says that `Reset()` must be called before _both_ `GetSize()` _and_ -`Describe()`, and the latter two can occur in any order. - -To put many expectations in a sequence conveniently: -``` -using ::testing::InSequence; -{ - InSequence dummy; - - EXPECT_CALL(...)...; - EXPECT_CALL(...)...; - ... - EXPECT_CALL(...)...; -} -``` -says that all expected calls in the scope of `dummy` must occur in -strict order. The name `dummy` is irrelevant.) - -# Verifying and Resetting a Mock # - -Google Mock will verify the expectations on a mock object when it is destructed, or you can do it earlier: -``` -using ::testing::Mock; -... -// Verifies and removes the expectations on mock_obj; -// returns true iff successful. -Mock::VerifyAndClearExpectations(&mock_obj); -... -// Verifies and removes the expectations on mock_obj; -// also removes the default actions set by ON_CALL(); -// returns true iff successful. -Mock::VerifyAndClear(&mock_obj); -``` - -You can also tell Google Mock that a mock object can be leaked and doesn't -need to be verified: -``` -Mock::AllowLeak(&mock_obj); -``` - -# Mock Classes # - -Google Mock defines a convenient mock class template -``` -class MockFunction { - public: - MOCK_METHODn(Call, R(A1, ..., An)); -}; -``` -See this [recipe](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/V1_6_CookBook#Using_Check_Points) for one application of it. - -# Flags # - -| `--gmock_catch_leaked_mocks=0` | Don't report leaked mock objects as failures. | -|:-------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------| -| `--gmock_verbose=LEVEL` | Sets the default verbosity level (`info`, `warning`, or `error`) of Google Mock messages. | \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/v1_6/CookBook.md b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/v1_6/CookBook.md deleted file mode 100644 index f5975a0..0000000 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/v1_6/CookBook.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3342 +0,0 @@ - - -You can find recipes for using Google Mock here. If you haven't yet, -please read the [ForDummies](V1_6_ForDummies.md) document first to make sure you understand -the basics. - -**Note:** Google Mock lives in the `testing` name space. For -readability, it is recommended to write `using ::testing::Foo;` once in -your file before using the name `Foo` defined by Google Mock. We omit -such `using` statements in this page for brevity, but you should do it -in your own code. - -# Creating Mock Classes # - -## Mocking Private or Protected Methods ## - -You must always put a mock method definition (`MOCK_METHOD*`) in a -`public:` section of the mock class, regardless of the method being -mocked being `public`, `protected`, or `private` in the base class. -This allows `ON_CALL` and `EXPECT_CALL` to reference the mock function -from outside of the mock class. (Yes, C++ allows a subclass to change -the access level of a virtual function in the base class.) Example: - -``` -class Foo { - public: - ... - virtual bool Transform(Gadget* g) = 0; - - protected: - virtual void Resume(); - - private: - virtual int GetTimeOut(); -}; - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - ... - MOCK_METHOD1(Transform, bool(Gadget* g)); - - // The following must be in the public section, even though the - // methods are protected or private in the base class. - MOCK_METHOD0(Resume, void()); - MOCK_METHOD0(GetTimeOut, int()); -}; -``` - -## Mocking Overloaded Methods ## - -You can mock overloaded functions as usual. No special attention is required: - -``` -class Foo { - ... - - // Must be virtual as we'll inherit from Foo. - virtual ~Foo(); - - // Overloaded on the types and/or numbers of arguments. - virtual int Add(Element x); - virtual int Add(int times, Element x); - - // Overloaded on the const-ness of this object. - virtual Bar& GetBar(); - virtual const Bar& GetBar() const; -}; - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - ... - MOCK_METHOD1(Add, int(Element x)); - MOCK_METHOD2(Add, int(int times, Element x); - - MOCK_METHOD0(GetBar, Bar&()); - MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(GetBar, const Bar&()); -}; -``` - -**Note:** if you don't mock all versions of the overloaded method, the -compiler will give you a warning about some methods in the base class -being hidden. To fix that, use `using` to bring them in scope: - -``` -class MockFoo : public Foo { - ... - using Foo::Add; - MOCK_METHOD1(Add, int(Element x)); - // We don't want to mock int Add(int times, Element x); - ... -}; -``` - -## Mocking Class Templates ## - -To mock a class template, append `_T` to the `MOCK_*` macros: - -``` -template -class StackInterface { - ... - // Must be virtual as we'll inherit from StackInterface. - virtual ~StackInterface(); - - virtual int GetSize() const = 0; - virtual void Push(const Elem& x) = 0; -}; - -template -class MockStack : public StackInterface { - ... - MOCK_CONST_METHOD0_T(GetSize, int()); - MOCK_METHOD1_T(Push, void(const Elem& x)); -}; -``` - -## Mocking Nonvirtual Methods ## - -Google Mock can mock non-virtual functions to be used in what we call _hi-perf -dependency injection_. - -In this case, instead of sharing a common base class with the real -class, your mock class will be _unrelated_ to the real class, but -contain methods with the same signatures. The syntax for mocking -non-virtual methods is the _same_ as mocking virtual methods: - -``` -// A simple packet stream class. None of its members is virtual. -class ConcretePacketStream { - public: - void AppendPacket(Packet* new_packet); - const Packet* GetPacket(size_t packet_number) const; - size_t NumberOfPackets() const; - ... -}; - -// A mock packet stream class. It inherits from no other, but defines -// GetPacket() and NumberOfPackets(). -class MockPacketStream { - public: - MOCK_CONST_METHOD1(GetPacket, const Packet*(size_t packet_number)); - MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(NumberOfPackets, size_t()); - ... -}; -``` - -Note that the mock class doesn't define `AppendPacket()`, unlike the -real class. That's fine as long as the test doesn't need to call it. - -Next, you need a way to say that you want to use -`ConcretePacketStream` in production code, and use `MockPacketStream` -in tests. Since the functions are not virtual and the two classes are -unrelated, you must specify your choice at _compile time_ (as opposed -to run time). - -One way to do it is to templatize your code that needs to use a packet -stream. More specifically, you will give your code a template type -argument for the type of the packet stream. In production, you will -instantiate your template with `ConcretePacketStream` as the type -argument. In tests, you will instantiate the same template with -`MockPacketStream`. For example, you may write: - -``` -template -void CreateConnection(PacketStream* stream) { ... } - -template -class PacketReader { - public: - void ReadPackets(PacketStream* stream, size_t packet_num); -}; -``` - -Then you can use `CreateConnection()` and -`PacketReader` in production code, and use -`CreateConnection()` and -`PacketReader` in tests. - -``` - MockPacketStream mock_stream; - EXPECT_CALL(mock_stream, ...)...; - .. set more expectations on mock_stream ... - PacketReader reader(&mock_stream); - ... exercise reader ... -``` - -## Mocking Free Functions ## - -It's possible to use Google Mock to mock a free function (i.e. a -C-style function or a static method). You just need to rewrite your -code to use an interface (abstract class). - -Instead of calling a free function (say, `OpenFile`) directly, -introduce an interface for it and have a concrete subclass that calls -the free function: - -``` -class FileInterface { - public: - ... - virtual bool Open(const char* path, const char* mode) = 0; -}; - -class File : public FileInterface { - public: - ... - virtual bool Open(const char* path, const char* mode) { - return OpenFile(path, mode); - } -}; -``` - -Your code should talk to `FileInterface` to open a file. Now it's -easy to mock out the function. - -This may seem much hassle, but in practice you often have multiple -related functions that you can put in the same interface, so the -per-function syntactic overhead will be much lower. - -If you are concerned about the performance overhead incurred by -virtual functions, and profiling confirms your concern, you can -combine this with the recipe for [mocking non-virtual methods](#Mocking_Nonvirtual_Methods.md). - -## Nice Mocks and Strict Mocks ## - -If a mock method has no `EXPECT_CALL` spec but is called, Google Mock -will print a warning about the "uninteresting call". The rationale is: - - * New methods may be added to an interface after a test is written. We shouldn't fail a test just because a method it doesn't know about is called. - * However, this may also mean there's a bug in the test, so Google Mock shouldn't be silent either. If the user believes these calls are harmless, he can add an `EXPECT_CALL()` to suppress the warning. - -However, sometimes you may want to suppress all "uninteresting call" -warnings, while sometimes you may want the opposite, i.e. to treat all -of them as errors. Google Mock lets you make the decision on a -per-mock-object basis. - -Suppose your test uses a mock class `MockFoo`: - -``` -TEST(...) { - MockFoo mock_foo; - EXPECT_CALL(mock_foo, DoThis()); - ... code that uses mock_foo ... -} -``` - -If a method of `mock_foo` other than `DoThis()` is called, it will be -reported by Google Mock as a warning. However, if you rewrite your -test to use `NiceMock` instead, the warning will be gone, -resulting in a cleaner test output: - -``` -using ::testing::NiceMock; - -TEST(...) { - NiceMock mock_foo; - EXPECT_CALL(mock_foo, DoThis()); - ... code that uses mock_foo ... -} -``` - -`NiceMock` is a subclass of `MockFoo`, so it can be used -wherever `MockFoo` is accepted. - -It also works if `MockFoo`'s constructor takes some arguments, as -`NiceMock` "inherits" `MockFoo`'s constructors: - -``` -using ::testing::NiceMock; - -TEST(...) { - NiceMock mock_foo(5, "hi"); // Calls MockFoo(5, "hi"). - EXPECT_CALL(mock_foo, DoThis()); - ... code that uses mock_foo ... -} -``` - -The usage of `StrictMock` is similar, except that it makes all -uninteresting calls failures: - -``` -using ::testing::StrictMock; - -TEST(...) { - StrictMock mock_foo; - EXPECT_CALL(mock_foo, DoThis()); - ... code that uses mock_foo ... - - // The test will fail if a method of mock_foo other than DoThis() - // is called. -} -``` - -There are some caveats though (I don't like them just as much as the -next guy, but sadly they are side effects of C++'s limitations): - - 1. `NiceMock` and `StrictMock` only work for mock methods defined using the `MOCK_METHOD*` family of macros **directly** in the `MockFoo` class. If a mock method is defined in a **base class** of `MockFoo`, the "nice" or "strict" modifier may not affect it, depending on the compiler. In particular, nesting `NiceMock` and `StrictMock` (e.g. `NiceMock >`) is **not** supported. - 1. The constructors of the base mock (`MockFoo`) cannot have arguments passed by non-const reference, which happens to be banned by the [Google C++ style guide](http://google-styleguide.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/cppguide.xml). - 1. During the constructor or destructor of `MockFoo`, the mock object is _not_ nice or strict. This may cause surprises if the constructor or destructor calls a mock method on `this` object. (This behavior, however, is consistent with C++'s general rule: if a constructor or destructor calls a virtual method of `this` object, that method is treated as non-virtual. In other words, to the base class's constructor or destructor, `this` object behaves like an instance of the base class, not the derived class. This rule is required for safety. Otherwise a base constructor may use members of a derived class before they are initialized, or a base destructor may use members of a derived class after they have been destroyed.) - -Finally, you should be **very cautious** when using this feature, as the -decision you make applies to **all** future changes to the mock -class. If an important change is made in the interface you are mocking -(and thus in the mock class), it could break your tests (if you use -`StrictMock`) or let bugs pass through without a warning (if you use -`NiceMock`). Therefore, try to specify the mock's behavior using -explicit `EXPECT_CALL` first, and only turn to `NiceMock` or -`StrictMock` as the last resort. - -## Simplifying the Interface without Breaking Existing Code ## - -Sometimes a method has a long list of arguments that is mostly -uninteresting. For example, - -``` -class LogSink { - public: - ... - virtual void send(LogSeverity severity, const char* full_filename, - const char* base_filename, int line, - const struct tm* tm_time, - const char* message, size_t message_len) = 0; -}; -``` - -This method's argument list is lengthy and hard to work with (let's -say that the `message` argument is not even 0-terminated). If we mock -it as is, using the mock will be awkward. If, however, we try to -simplify this interface, we'll need to fix all clients depending on -it, which is often infeasible. - -The trick is to re-dispatch the method in the mock class: - -``` -class ScopedMockLog : public LogSink { - public: - ... - virtual void send(LogSeverity severity, const char* full_filename, - const char* base_filename, int line, const tm* tm_time, - const char* message, size_t message_len) { - // We are only interested in the log severity, full file name, and - // log message. - Log(severity, full_filename, std::string(message, message_len)); - } - - // Implements the mock method: - // - // void Log(LogSeverity severity, - // const string& file_path, - // const string& message); - MOCK_METHOD3(Log, void(LogSeverity severity, const string& file_path, - const string& message)); -}; -``` - -By defining a new mock method with a trimmed argument list, we make -the mock class much more user-friendly. - -## Alternative to Mocking Concrete Classes ## - -Often you may find yourself using classes that don't implement -interfaces. In order to test your code that uses such a class (let's -call it `Concrete`), you may be tempted to make the methods of -`Concrete` virtual and then mock it. - -Try not to do that. - -Making a non-virtual function virtual is a big decision. It creates an -extension point where subclasses can tweak your class' behavior. This -weakens your control on the class because now it's harder to maintain -the class' invariants. You should make a function virtual only when -there is a valid reason for a subclass to override it. - -Mocking concrete classes directly is problematic as it creates a tight -coupling between the class and the tests - any small change in the -class may invalidate your tests and make test maintenance a pain. - -To avoid such problems, many programmers have been practicing "coding -to interfaces": instead of talking to the `Concrete` class, your code -would define an interface and talk to it. Then you implement that -interface as an adaptor on top of `Concrete`. In tests, you can easily -mock that interface to observe how your code is doing. - -This technique incurs some overhead: - - * You pay the cost of virtual function calls (usually not a problem). - * There is more abstraction for the programmers to learn. - -However, it can also bring significant benefits in addition to better -testability: - - * `Concrete`'s API may not fit your problem domain very well, as you may not be the only client it tries to serve. By designing your own interface, you have a chance to tailor it to your need - you may add higher-level functionalities, rename stuff, etc instead of just trimming the class. This allows you to write your code (user of the interface) in a more natural way, which means it will be more readable, more maintainable, and you'll be more productive. - * If `Concrete`'s implementation ever has to change, you don't have to rewrite everywhere it is used. Instead, you can absorb the change in your implementation of the interface, and your other code and tests will be insulated from this change. - -Some people worry that if everyone is practicing this technique, they -will end up writing lots of redundant code. This concern is totally -understandable. However, there are two reasons why it may not be the -case: - - * Different projects may need to use `Concrete` in different ways, so the best interfaces for them will be different. Therefore, each of them will have its own domain-specific interface on top of `Concrete`, and they will not be the same code. - * If enough projects want to use the same interface, they can always share it, just like they have been sharing `Concrete`. You can check in the interface and the adaptor somewhere near `Concrete` (perhaps in a `contrib` sub-directory) and let many projects use it. - -You need to weigh the pros and cons carefully for your particular -problem, but I'd like to assure you that the Java community has been -practicing this for a long time and it's a proven effective technique -applicable in a wide variety of situations. :-) - -## Delegating Calls to a Fake ## - -Some times you have a non-trivial fake implementation of an -interface. For example: - -``` -class Foo { - public: - virtual ~Foo() {} - virtual char DoThis(int n) = 0; - virtual void DoThat(const char* s, int* p) = 0; -}; - -class FakeFoo : public Foo { - public: - virtual char DoThis(int n) { - return (n > 0) ? '+' : - (n < 0) ? '-' : '0'; - } - - virtual void DoThat(const char* s, int* p) { - *p = strlen(s); - } -}; -``` - -Now you want to mock this interface such that you can set expectations -on it. However, you also want to use `FakeFoo` for the default -behavior, as duplicating it in the mock object is, well, a lot of -work. - -When you define the mock class using Google Mock, you can have it -delegate its default action to a fake class you already have, using -this pattern: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::Invoke; - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - // Normal mock method definitions using Google Mock. - MOCK_METHOD1(DoThis, char(int n)); - MOCK_METHOD2(DoThat, void(const char* s, int* p)); - - // Delegates the default actions of the methods to a FakeFoo object. - // This must be called *before* the custom ON_CALL() statements. - void DelegateToFake() { - ON_CALL(*this, DoThis(_)) - .WillByDefault(Invoke(&fake_, &FakeFoo::DoThis)); - ON_CALL(*this, DoThat(_, _)) - .WillByDefault(Invoke(&fake_, &FakeFoo::DoThat)); - } - private: - FakeFoo fake_; // Keeps an instance of the fake in the mock. -}; -``` - -With that, you can use `MockFoo` in your tests as usual. Just remember -that if you don't explicitly set an action in an `ON_CALL()` or -`EXPECT_CALL()`, the fake will be called upon to do it: - -``` -using ::testing::_; - -TEST(AbcTest, Xyz) { - MockFoo foo; - foo.DelegateToFake(); // Enables the fake for delegation. - - // Put your ON_CALL(foo, ...)s here, if any. - - // No action specified, meaning to use the default action. - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(5)); - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThat(_, _)); - - int n = 0; - EXPECT_EQ('+', foo.DoThis(5)); // FakeFoo::DoThis() is invoked. - foo.DoThat("Hi", &n); // FakeFoo::DoThat() is invoked. - EXPECT_EQ(2, n); -} -``` - -**Some tips:** - - * If you want, you can still override the default action by providing your own `ON_CALL()` or using `.WillOnce()` / `.WillRepeatedly()` in `EXPECT_CALL()`. - * In `DelegateToFake()`, you only need to delegate the methods whose fake implementation you intend to use. - * The general technique discussed here works for overloaded methods, but you'll need to tell the compiler which version you mean. To disambiguate a mock function (the one you specify inside the parentheses of `ON_CALL()`), see the "Selecting Between Overloaded Functions" section on this page; to disambiguate a fake function (the one you place inside `Invoke()`), use a `static_cast` to specify the function's type. - * Having to mix a mock and a fake is often a sign of something gone wrong. Perhaps you haven't got used to the interaction-based way of testing yet. Or perhaps your interface is taking on too many roles and should be split up. Therefore, **don't abuse this**. We would only recommend to do it as an intermediate step when you are refactoring your code. - -Regarding the tip on mixing a mock and a fake, here's an example on -why it may be a bad sign: Suppose you have a class `System` for -low-level system operations. In particular, it does file and I/O -operations. And suppose you want to test how your code uses `System` -to do I/O, and you just want the file operations to work normally. If -you mock out the entire `System` class, you'll have to provide a fake -implementation for the file operation part, which suggests that -`System` is taking on too many roles. - -Instead, you can define a `FileOps` interface and an `IOOps` interface -and split `System`'s functionalities into the two. Then you can mock -`IOOps` without mocking `FileOps`. - -## Delegating Calls to a Real Object ## - -When using testing doubles (mocks, fakes, stubs, and etc), sometimes -their behaviors will differ from those of the real objects. This -difference could be either intentional (as in simulating an error such -that you can test the error handling code) or unintentional. If your -mocks have different behaviors than the real objects by mistake, you -could end up with code that passes the tests but fails in production. - -You can use the _delegating-to-real_ technique to ensure that your -mock has the same behavior as the real object while retaining the -ability to validate calls. This technique is very similar to the -delegating-to-fake technique, the difference being that we use a real -object instead of a fake. Here's an example: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::AtLeast; -using ::testing::Invoke; - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - MockFoo() { - // By default, all calls are delegated to the real object. - ON_CALL(*this, DoThis()) - .WillByDefault(Invoke(&real_, &Foo::DoThis)); - ON_CALL(*this, DoThat(_)) - .WillByDefault(Invoke(&real_, &Foo::DoThat)); - ... - } - MOCK_METHOD0(DoThis, ...); - MOCK_METHOD1(DoThat, ...); - ... - private: - Foo real_; -}; -... - - MockFoo mock; - - EXPECT_CALL(mock, DoThis()) - .Times(3); - EXPECT_CALL(mock, DoThat("Hi")) - .Times(AtLeast(1)); - ... use mock in test ... -``` - -With this, Google Mock will verify that your code made the right calls -(with the right arguments, in the right order, called the right number -of times, etc), and a real object will answer the calls (so the -behavior will be the same as in production). This gives you the best -of both worlds. - -## Delegating Calls to a Parent Class ## - -Ideally, you should code to interfaces, whose methods are all pure -virtual. In reality, sometimes you do need to mock a virtual method -that is not pure (i.e, it already has an implementation). For example: - -``` -class Foo { - public: - virtual ~Foo(); - - virtual void Pure(int n) = 0; - virtual int Concrete(const char* str) { ... } -}; - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - // Mocking a pure method. - MOCK_METHOD1(Pure, void(int n)); - // Mocking a concrete method. Foo::Concrete() is shadowed. - MOCK_METHOD1(Concrete, int(const char* str)); -}; -``` - -Sometimes you may want to call `Foo::Concrete()` instead of -`MockFoo::Concrete()`. Perhaps you want to do it as part of a stub -action, or perhaps your test doesn't need to mock `Concrete()` at all -(but it would be oh-so painful to have to define a new mock class -whenever you don't need to mock one of its methods). - -The trick is to leave a back door in your mock class for accessing the -real methods in the base class: - -``` -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - // Mocking a pure method. - MOCK_METHOD1(Pure, void(int n)); - // Mocking a concrete method. Foo::Concrete() is shadowed. - MOCK_METHOD1(Concrete, int(const char* str)); - - // Use this to call Concrete() defined in Foo. - int FooConcrete(const char* str) { return Foo::Concrete(str); } -}; -``` - -Now, you can call `Foo::Concrete()` inside an action by: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::Invoke; -... - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Concrete(_)) - .WillOnce(Invoke(&foo, &MockFoo::FooConcrete)); -``` - -or tell the mock object that you don't want to mock `Concrete()`: - -``` -using ::testing::Invoke; -... - ON_CALL(foo, Concrete(_)) - .WillByDefault(Invoke(&foo, &MockFoo::FooConcrete)); -``` - -(Why don't we just write `Invoke(&foo, &Foo::Concrete)`? If you do -that, `MockFoo::Concrete()` will be called (and cause an infinite -recursion) since `Foo::Concrete()` is virtual. That's just how C++ -works.) - -# Using Matchers # - -## Matching Argument Values Exactly ## - -You can specify exactly which arguments a mock method is expecting: - -``` -using ::testing::Return; -... - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(5)) - .WillOnce(Return('a')); - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThat("Hello", bar)); -``` - -## Using Simple Matchers ## - -You can use matchers to match arguments that have a certain property: - -``` -using ::testing::Ge; -using ::testing::NotNull; -using ::testing::Return; -... - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(Ge(5))) // The argument must be >= 5. - .WillOnce(Return('a')); - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThat("Hello", NotNull())); - // The second argument must not be NULL. -``` - -A frequently used matcher is `_`, which matches anything: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::NotNull; -... - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThat(_, NotNull())); -``` - -## Combining Matchers ## - -You can build complex matchers from existing ones using `AllOf()`, -`AnyOf()`, and `Not()`: - -``` -using ::testing::AllOf; -using ::testing::Gt; -using ::testing::HasSubstr; -using ::testing::Ne; -using ::testing::Not; -... - // The argument must be > 5 and != 10. - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(AllOf(Gt(5), - Ne(10)))); - - // The first argument must not contain sub-string "blah". - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThat(Not(HasSubstr("blah")), - NULL)); -``` - -## Casting Matchers ## - -Google Mock matchers are statically typed, meaning that the compiler -can catch your mistake if you use a matcher of the wrong type (for -example, if you use `Eq(5)` to match a `string` argument). Good for -you! - -Sometimes, however, you know what you're doing and want the compiler -to give you some slack. One example is that you have a matcher for -`long` and the argument you want to match is `int`. While the two -types aren't exactly the same, there is nothing really wrong with -using a `Matcher` to match an `int` - after all, we can first -convert the `int` argument to a `long` before giving it to the -matcher. - -To support this need, Google Mock gives you the -`SafeMatcherCast(m)` function. It casts a matcher `m` to type -`Matcher`. To ensure safety, Google Mock checks that (let `U` be the -type `m` accepts): - - 1. Type `T` can be implicitly cast to type `U`; - 1. When both `T` and `U` are built-in arithmetic types (`bool`, integers, and floating-point numbers), the conversion from `T` to `U` is not lossy (in other words, any value representable by `T` can also be represented by `U`); and - 1. When `U` is a reference, `T` must also be a reference (as the underlying matcher may be interested in the address of the `U` value). - -The code won't compile if any of these conditions isn't met. - -Here's one example: - -``` -using ::testing::SafeMatcherCast; - -// A base class and a child class. -class Base { ... }; -class Derived : public Base { ... }; - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - MOCK_METHOD1(DoThis, void(Derived* derived)); -}; -... - - MockFoo foo; - // m is a Matcher we got from somewhere. - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(SafeMatcherCast(m))); -``` - -If you find `SafeMatcherCast(m)` too limiting, you can use a similar -function `MatcherCast(m)`. The difference is that `MatcherCast` works -as long as you can `static_cast` type `T` to type `U`. - -`MatcherCast` essentially lets you bypass C++'s type system -(`static_cast` isn't always safe as it could throw away information, -for example), so be careful not to misuse/abuse it. - -## Selecting Between Overloaded Functions ## - -If you expect an overloaded function to be called, the compiler may -need some help on which overloaded version it is. - -To disambiguate functions overloaded on the const-ness of this object, -use the `Const()` argument wrapper. - -``` -using ::testing::ReturnRef; - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - ... - MOCK_METHOD0(GetBar, Bar&()); - MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(GetBar, const Bar&()); -}; -... - - MockFoo foo; - Bar bar1, bar2; - EXPECT_CALL(foo, GetBar()) // The non-const GetBar(). - .WillOnce(ReturnRef(bar1)); - EXPECT_CALL(Const(foo), GetBar()) // The const GetBar(). - .WillOnce(ReturnRef(bar2)); -``` - -(`Const()` is defined by Google Mock and returns a `const` reference -to its argument.) - -To disambiguate overloaded functions with the same number of arguments -but different argument types, you may need to specify the exact type -of a matcher, either by wrapping your matcher in `Matcher()`, or -using a matcher whose type is fixed (`TypedEq`, `An()`, -etc): - -``` -using ::testing::An; -using ::testing::Lt; -using ::testing::Matcher; -using ::testing::TypedEq; - -class MockPrinter : public Printer { - public: - MOCK_METHOD1(Print, void(int n)); - MOCK_METHOD1(Print, void(char c)); -}; - -TEST(PrinterTest, Print) { - MockPrinter printer; - - EXPECT_CALL(printer, Print(An())); // void Print(int); - EXPECT_CALL(printer, Print(Matcher(Lt(5)))); // void Print(int); - EXPECT_CALL(printer, Print(TypedEq('a'))); // void Print(char); - - printer.Print(3); - printer.Print(6); - printer.Print('a'); -} -``` - -## Performing Different Actions Based on the Arguments ## - -When a mock method is called, the _last_ matching expectation that's -still active will be selected (think "newer overrides older"). So, you -can make a method do different things depending on its argument values -like this: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::Lt; -using ::testing::Return; -... - // The default case. - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(_)) - .WillRepeatedly(Return('b')); - - // The more specific case. - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(Lt(5))) - .WillRepeatedly(Return('a')); -``` - -Now, if `foo.DoThis()` is called with a value less than 5, `'a'` will -be returned; otherwise `'b'` will be returned. - -## Matching Multiple Arguments as a Whole ## - -Sometimes it's not enough to match the arguments individually. For -example, we may want to say that the first argument must be less than -the second argument. The `With()` clause allows us to match -all arguments of a mock function as a whole. For example, - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::Lt; -using ::testing::Ne; -... - EXPECT_CALL(foo, InRange(Ne(0), _)) - .With(Lt()); -``` - -says that the first argument of `InRange()` must not be 0, and must be -less than the second argument. - -The expression inside `With()` must be a matcher of type -`Matcher >`, where `A1`, ..., `An` are the -types of the function arguments. - -You can also write `AllArgs(m)` instead of `m` inside `.With()`. The -two forms are equivalent, but `.With(AllArgs(Lt()))` is more readable -than `.With(Lt())`. - -You can use `Args(m)` to match the `n` selected arguments -(as a tuple) against `m`. For example, - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::AllOf; -using ::testing::Args; -using ::testing::Lt; -... - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Blah(_, _, _)) - .With(AllOf(Args<0, 1>(Lt()), Args<1, 2>(Lt()))); -``` - -says that `Blah()` will be called with arguments `x`, `y`, and `z` where -`x < y < z`. - -As a convenience and example, Google Mock provides some matchers for -2-tuples, including the `Lt()` matcher above. See the [CheatSheet](V1_6_CheatSheet.md) for -the complete list. - -Note that if you want to pass the arguments to a predicate of your own -(e.g. `.With(Args<0, 1>(Truly(&MyPredicate)))`), that predicate MUST be -written to take a `tr1::tuple` as its argument; Google Mock will pass the `n` -selected arguments as _one_ single tuple to the predicate. - -## Using Matchers as Predicates ## - -Have you noticed that a matcher is just a fancy predicate that also -knows how to describe itself? Many existing algorithms take predicates -as arguments (e.g. those defined in STL's `` header), and -it would be a shame if Google Mock matchers are not allowed to -participate. - -Luckily, you can use a matcher where a unary predicate functor is -expected by wrapping it inside the `Matches()` function. For example, - -``` -#include -#include - -std::vector v; -... -// How many elements in v are >= 10? -const int count = count_if(v.begin(), v.end(), Matches(Ge(10))); -``` - -Since you can build complex matchers from simpler ones easily using -Google Mock, this gives you a way to conveniently construct composite -predicates (doing the same using STL's `` header is just -painful). For example, here's a predicate that's satisfied by any -number that is >= 0, <= 100, and != 50: - -``` -Matches(AllOf(Ge(0), Le(100), Ne(50))) -``` - -## Using Matchers in Google Test Assertions ## - -Since matchers are basically predicates that also know how to describe -themselves, there is a way to take advantage of them in -[Google Test](http://code.google.com/p/googletest/) assertions. It's -called `ASSERT_THAT` and `EXPECT_THAT`: - -``` - ASSERT_THAT(value, matcher); // Asserts that value matches matcher. - EXPECT_THAT(value, matcher); // The non-fatal version. -``` - -For example, in a Google Test test you can write: - -``` -#include "gmock/gmock.h" - -using ::testing::AllOf; -using ::testing::Ge; -using ::testing::Le; -using ::testing::MatchesRegex; -using ::testing::StartsWith; -... - - EXPECT_THAT(Foo(), StartsWith("Hello")); - EXPECT_THAT(Bar(), MatchesRegex("Line \\d+")); - ASSERT_THAT(Baz(), AllOf(Ge(5), Le(10))); -``` - -which (as you can probably guess) executes `Foo()`, `Bar()`, and -`Baz()`, and verifies that: - - * `Foo()` returns a string that starts with `"Hello"`. - * `Bar()` returns a string that matches regular expression `"Line \\d+"`. - * `Baz()` returns a number in the range [5, 10]. - -The nice thing about these macros is that _they read like -English_. They generate informative messages too. For example, if the -first `EXPECT_THAT()` above fails, the message will be something like: - -``` -Value of: Foo() - Actual: "Hi, world!" -Expected: starts with "Hello" -``` - -**Credit:** The idea of `(ASSERT|EXPECT)_THAT` was stolen from the -[Hamcrest](http://code.google.com/p/hamcrest/) project, which adds -`assertThat()` to JUnit. - -## Using Predicates as Matchers ## - -Google Mock provides a built-in set of matchers. In case you find them -lacking, you can use an arbitray unary predicate function or functor -as a matcher - as long as the predicate accepts a value of the type -you want. You do this by wrapping the predicate inside the `Truly()` -function, for example: - -``` -using ::testing::Truly; - -int IsEven(int n) { return (n % 2) == 0 ? 1 : 0; } -... - - // Bar() must be called with an even number. - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(Truly(IsEven))); -``` - -Note that the predicate function / functor doesn't have to return -`bool`. It works as long as the return value can be used as the -condition in statement `if (condition) ...`. - -## Matching Arguments that Are Not Copyable ## - -When you do an `EXPECT_CALL(mock_obj, Foo(bar))`, Google Mock saves -away a copy of `bar`. When `Foo()` is called later, Google Mock -compares the argument to `Foo()` with the saved copy of `bar`. This -way, you don't need to worry about `bar` being modified or destroyed -after the `EXPECT_CALL()` is executed. The same is true when you use -matchers like `Eq(bar)`, `Le(bar)`, and so on. - -But what if `bar` cannot be copied (i.e. has no copy constructor)? You -could define your own matcher function and use it with `Truly()`, as -the previous couple of recipes have shown. Or, you may be able to get -away from it if you can guarantee that `bar` won't be changed after -the `EXPECT_CALL()` is executed. Just tell Google Mock that it should -save a reference to `bar`, instead of a copy of it. Here's how: - -``` -using ::testing::Eq; -using ::testing::ByRef; -using ::testing::Lt; -... - // Expects that Foo()'s argument == bar. - EXPECT_CALL(mock_obj, Foo(Eq(ByRef(bar)))); - - // Expects that Foo()'s argument < bar. - EXPECT_CALL(mock_obj, Foo(Lt(ByRef(bar)))); -``` - -Remember: if you do this, don't change `bar` after the -`EXPECT_CALL()`, or the result is undefined. - -## Validating a Member of an Object ## - -Often a mock function takes a reference to object as an argument. When -matching the argument, you may not want to compare the entire object -against a fixed object, as that may be over-specification. Instead, -you may need to validate a certain member variable or the result of a -certain getter method of the object. You can do this with `Field()` -and `Property()`. More specifically, - -``` -Field(&Foo::bar, m) -``` - -is a matcher that matches a `Foo` object whose `bar` member variable -satisfies matcher `m`. - -``` -Property(&Foo::baz, m) -``` - -is a matcher that matches a `Foo` object whose `baz()` method returns -a value that satisfies matcher `m`. - -For example: - -> | `Field(&Foo::number, Ge(3))` | Matches `x` where `x.number >= 3`. | -|:-----------------------------|:-----------------------------------| -> | `Property(&Foo::name, StartsWith("John "))` | Matches `x` where `x.name()` starts with `"John "`. | - -Note that in `Property(&Foo::baz, ...)`, method `baz()` must take no -argument and be declared as `const`. - -BTW, `Field()` and `Property()` can also match plain pointers to -objects. For instance, - -``` -Field(&Foo::number, Ge(3)) -``` - -matches a plain pointer `p` where `p->number >= 3`. If `p` is `NULL`, -the match will always fail regardless of the inner matcher. - -What if you want to validate more than one members at the same time? -Remember that there is `AllOf()`. - -## Validating the Value Pointed to by a Pointer Argument ## - -C++ functions often take pointers as arguments. You can use matchers -like `NULL`, `NotNull()`, and other comparison matchers to match a -pointer, but what if you want to make sure the value _pointed to_ by -the pointer, instead of the pointer itself, has a certain property? -Well, you can use the `Pointee(m)` matcher. - -`Pointee(m)` matches a pointer iff `m` matches the value the pointer -points to. For example: - -``` -using ::testing::Ge; -using ::testing::Pointee; -... - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(Pointee(Ge(3)))); -``` - -expects `foo.Bar()` to be called with a pointer that points to a value -greater than or equal to 3. - -One nice thing about `Pointee()` is that it treats a `NULL` pointer as -a match failure, so you can write `Pointee(m)` instead of - -``` - AllOf(NotNull(), Pointee(m)) -``` - -without worrying that a `NULL` pointer will crash your test. - -Also, did we tell you that `Pointee()` works with both raw pointers -**and** smart pointers (`linked_ptr`, `shared_ptr`, `scoped_ptr`, and -etc)? - -What if you have a pointer to pointer? You guessed it - you can use -nested `Pointee()` to probe deeper inside the value. For example, -`Pointee(Pointee(Lt(3)))` matches a pointer that points to a pointer -that points to a number less than 3 (what a mouthful...). - -## Testing a Certain Property of an Object ## - -Sometimes you want to specify that an object argument has a certain -property, but there is no existing matcher that does this. If you want -good error messages, you should define a matcher. If you want to do it -quick and dirty, you could get away with writing an ordinary function. - -Let's say you have a mock function that takes an object of type `Foo`, -which has an `int bar()` method and an `int baz()` method, and you -want to constrain that the argument's `bar()` value plus its `baz()` -value is a given number. Here's how you can define a matcher to do it: - -``` -using ::testing::MatcherInterface; -using ::testing::MatchResultListener; - -class BarPlusBazEqMatcher : public MatcherInterface { - public: - explicit BarPlusBazEqMatcher(int expected_sum) - : expected_sum_(expected_sum) {} - - virtual bool MatchAndExplain(const Foo& foo, - MatchResultListener* listener) const { - return (foo.bar() + foo.baz()) == expected_sum_; - } - - virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const { - *os << "bar() + baz() equals " << expected_sum_; - } - - virtual void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const { - *os << "bar() + baz() does not equal " << expected_sum_; - } - private: - const int expected_sum_; -}; - -inline Matcher BarPlusBazEq(int expected_sum) { - return MakeMatcher(new BarPlusBazEqMatcher(expected_sum)); -} - -... - - EXPECT_CALL(..., DoThis(BarPlusBazEq(5)))...; -``` - -## Matching Containers ## - -Sometimes an STL container (e.g. list, vector, map, ...) is passed to -a mock function and you may want to validate it. Since most STL -containers support the `==` operator, you can write -`Eq(expected_container)` or simply `expected_container` to match a -container exactly. - -Sometimes, though, you may want to be more flexible (for example, the -first element must be an exact match, but the second element can be -any positive number, and so on). Also, containers used in tests often -have a small number of elements, and having to define the expected -container out-of-line is a bit of a hassle. - -You can use the `ElementsAre()` matcher in such cases: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::ElementsAre; -using ::testing::Gt; -... - - MOCK_METHOD1(Foo, void(const vector& numbers)); -... - - EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo(ElementsAre(1, Gt(0), _, 5))); -``` - -The above matcher says that the container must have 4 elements, which -must be 1, greater than 0, anything, and 5 respectively. - -`ElementsAre()` is overloaded to take 0 to 10 arguments. If more are -needed, you can place them in a C-style array and use -`ElementsAreArray()` instead: - -``` -using ::testing::ElementsAreArray; -... - - // ElementsAreArray accepts an array of element values. - const int expected_vector1[] = { 1, 5, 2, 4, ... }; - EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo(ElementsAreArray(expected_vector1))); - - // Or, an array of element matchers. - Matcher expected_vector2 = { 1, Gt(2), _, 3, ... }; - EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo(ElementsAreArray(expected_vector2))); -``` - -In case the array needs to be dynamically created (and therefore the -array size cannot be inferred by the compiler), you can give -`ElementsAreArray()` an additional argument to specify the array size: - -``` -using ::testing::ElementsAreArray; -... - int* const expected_vector3 = new int[count]; - ... fill expected_vector3 with values ... - EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo(ElementsAreArray(expected_vector3, count))); -``` - -**Tips:** - - * `ElementAre*()` works with _any_ container that implements the STL iterator concept (i.e. it has a `const_iterator` type and supports `begin()/end()`) and supports `size()`, not just the ones defined in STL. It will even work with container types yet to be written - as long as they follows the above pattern. - * You can use nested `ElementAre*()` to match nested (multi-dimensional) containers. - * If the container is passed by pointer instead of by reference, just write `Pointee(ElementsAre*(...))`. - * The order of elements _matters_ for `ElementsAre*()`. Therefore don't use it with containers whose element order is undefined (e.g. `hash_map`). - -## Sharing Matchers ## - -Under the hood, a Google Mock matcher object consists of a pointer to -a ref-counted implementation object. Copying matchers is allowed and -very efficient, as only the pointer is copied. When the last matcher -that references the implementation object dies, the implementation -object will be deleted. - -Therefore, if you have some complex matcher that you want to use again -and again, there is no need to build it everytime. Just assign it to a -matcher variable and use that variable repeatedly! For example, - -``` - Matcher in_range = AllOf(Gt(5), Le(10)); - ... use in_range as a matcher in multiple EXPECT_CALLs ... -``` - -# Setting Expectations # - -## Ignoring Uninteresting Calls ## - -If you are not interested in how a mock method is called, just don't -say anything about it. In this case, if the method is ever called, -Google Mock will perform its default action to allow the test program -to continue. If you are not happy with the default action taken by -Google Mock, you can override it using `DefaultValue::Set()` -(described later in this document) or `ON_CALL()`. - -Please note that once you expressed interest in a particular mock -method (via `EXPECT_CALL()`), all invocations to it must match some -expectation. If this function is called but the arguments don't match -any `EXPECT_CALL()` statement, it will be an error. - -## Disallowing Unexpected Calls ## - -If a mock method shouldn't be called at all, explicitly say so: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -... - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(_)) - .Times(0); -``` - -If some calls to the method are allowed, but the rest are not, just -list all the expected calls: - -``` -using ::testing::AnyNumber; -using ::testing::Gt; -... - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(5)); - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(Gt(10))) - .Times(AnyNumber()); -``` - -A call to `foo.Bar()` that doesn't match any of the `EXPECT_CALL()` -statements will be an error. - -## Expecting Ordered Calls ## - -Although an `EXPECT_CALL()` statement defined earlier takes precedence -when Google Mock tries to match a function call with an expectation, -by default calls don't have to happen in the order `EXPECT_CALL()` -statements are written. For example, if the arguments match the -matchers in the third `EXPECT_CALL()`, but not those in the first two, -then the third expectation will be used. - -If you would rather have all calls occur in the order of the -expectations, put the `EXPECT_CALL()` statements in a block where you -define a variable of type `InSequence`: - -``` - using ::testing::_; - using ::testing::InSequence; - - { - InSequence s; - - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(5)); - EXPECT_CALL(bar, DoThat(_)) - .Times(2); - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(6)); - } -``` - -In this example, we expect a call to `foo.DoThis(5)`, followed by two -calls to `bar.DoThat()` where the argument can be anything, which are -in turn followed by a call to `foo.DoThis(6)`. If a call occurred -out-of-order, Google Mock will report an error. - -## Expecting Partially Ordered Calls ## - -Sometimes requiring everything to occur in a predetermined order can -lead to brittle tests. For example, we may care about `A` occurring -before both `B` and `C`, but aren't interested in the relative order -of `B` and `C`. In this case, the test should reflect our real intent, -instead of being overly constraining. - -Google Mock allows you to impose an arbitrary DAG (directed acyclic -graph) on the calls. One way to express the DAG is to use the -[After](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/V1_6_CheatSheet#The_After_Clause) clause of `EXPECT_CALL`. - -Another way is via the `InSequence()` clause (not the same as the -`InSequence` class), which we borrowed from jMock 2. It's less -flexible than `After()`, but more convenient when you have long chains -of sequential calls, as it doesn't require you to come up with -different names for the expectations in the chains. Here's how it -works: - -If we view `EXPECT_CALL()` statements as nodes in a graph, and add an -edge from node A to node B wherever A must occur before B, we can get -a DAG. We use the term "sequence" to mean a directed path in this -DAG. Now, if we decompose the DAG into sequences, we just need to know -which sequences each `EXPECT_CALL()` belongs to in order to be able to -reconstruct the orginal DAG. - -So, to specify the partial order on the expectations we need to do two -things: first to define some `Sequence` objects, and then for each -`EXPECT_CALL()` say which `Sequence` objects it is part -of. Expectations in the same sequence must occur in the order they are -written. For example, - -``` - using ::testing::Sequence; - - Sequence s1, s2; - - EXPECT_CALL(foo, A()) - .InSequence(s1, s2); - EXPECT_CALL(bar, B()) - .InSequence(s1); - EXPECT_CALL(bar, C()) - .InSequence(s2); - EXPECT_CALL(foo, D()) - .InSequence(s2); -``` - -specifies the following DAG (where `s1` is `A -> B`, and `s2` is `A -> -C -> D`): - -``` - +---> B - | - A ---| - | - +---> C ---> D -``` - -This means that A must occur before B and C, and C must occur before -D. There's no restriction about the order other than these. - -## Controlling When an Expectation Retires ## - -When a mock method is called, Google Mock only consider expectations -that are still active. An expectation is active when created, and -becomes inactive (aka _retires_) when a call that has to occur later -has occurred. For example, in - -``` - using ::testing::_; - using ::testing::Sequence; - - Sequence s1, s2; - - EXPECT_CALL(log, Log(WARNING, _, "File too large.")) // #1 - .Times(AnyNumber()) - .InSequence(s1, s2); - EXPECT_CALL(log, Log(WARNING, _, "Data set is empty.")) // #2 - .InSequence(s1); - EXPECT_CALL(log, Log(WARNING, _, "User not found.")) // #3 - .InSequence(s2); -``` - -as soon as either #2 or #3 is matched, #1 will retire. If a warning -`"File too large."` is logged after this, it will be an error. - -Note that an expectation doesn't retire automatically when it's -saturated. For example, - -``` -using ::testing::_; -... - EXPECT_CALL(log, Log(WARNING, _, _)); // #1 - EXPECT_CALL(log, Log(WARNING, _, "File too large.")); // #2 -``` - -says that there will be exactly one warning with the message `"File -too large."`. If the second warning contains this message too, #2 will -match again and result in an upper-bound-violated error. - -If this is not what you want, you can ask an expectation to retire as -soon as it becomes saturated: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -... - EXPECT_CALL(log, Log(WARNING, _, _)); // #1 - EXPECT_CALL(log, Log(WARNING, _, "File too large.")) // #2 - .RetiresOnSaturation(); -``` - -Here #2 can be used only once, so if you have two warnings with the -message `"File too large."`, the first will match #2 and the second -will match #1 - there will be no error. - -# Using Actions # - -## Returning References from Mock Methods ## - -If a mock function's return type is a reference, you need to use -`ReturnRef()` instead of `Return()` to return a result: - -``` -using ::testing::ReturnRef; - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - MOCK_METHOD0(GetBar, Bar&()); -}; -... - - MockFoo foo; - Bar bar; - EXPECT_CALL(foo, GetBar()) - .WillOnce(ReturnRef(bar)); -``` - -## Returning Live Values from Mock Methods ## - -The `Return(x)` action saves a copy of `x` when the action is -_created_, and always returns the same value whenever it's -executed. Sometimes you may want to instead return the _live_ value of -`x` (i.e. its value at the time when the action is _executed_.). - -If the mock function's return type is a reference, you can do it using -`ReturnRef(x)`, as shown in the previous recipe ("Returning References -from Mock Methods"). However, Google Mock doesn't let you use -`ReturnRef()` in a mock function whose return type is not a reference, -as doing that usually indicates a user error. So, what shall you do? - -You may be tempted to try `ByRef()`: - -``` -using testing::ByRef; -using testing::Return; - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - MOCK_METHOD0(GetValue, int()); -}; -... - int x = 0; - MockFoo foo; - EXPECT_CALL(foo, GetValue()) - .WillRepeatedly(Return(ByRef(x))); - x = 42; - EXPECT_EQ(42, foo.GetValue()); -``` - -Unfortunately, it doesn't work here. The above code will fail with error: - -``` -Value of: foo.GetValue() - Actual: 0 -Expected: 42 -``` - -The reason is that `Return(value)` converts `value` to the actual -return type of the mock function at the time when the action is -_created_, not when it is _executed_. (This behavior was chosen for -the action to be safe when `value` is a proxy object that references -some temporary objects.) As a result, `ByRef(x)` is converted to an -`int` value (instead of a `const int&`) when the expectation is set, -and `Return(ByRef(x))` will always return 0. - -`ReturnPointee(pointer)` was provided to solve this problem -specifically. It returns the value pointed to by `pointer` at the time -the action is _executed_: - -``` -using testing::ReturnPointee; -... - int x = 0; - MockFoo foo; - EXPECT_CALL(foo, GetValue()) - .WillRepeatedly(ReturnPointee(&x)); // Note the & here. - x = 42; - EXPECT_EQ(42, foo.GetValue()); // This will succeed now. -``` - -## Combining Actions ## - -Want to do more than one thing when a function is called? That's -fine. `DoAll()` allow you to do sequence of actions every time. Only -the return value of the last action in the sequence will be used. - -``` -using ::testing::DoAll; - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - MOCK_METHOD1(Bar, bool(int n)); -}; -... - - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(_)) - .WillOnce(DoAll(action_1, - action_2, - ... - action_n)); -``` - -## Mocking Side Effects ## - -Sometimes a method exhibits its effect not via returning a value but -via side effects. For example, it may change some global state or -modify an output argument. To mock side effects, in general you can -define your own action by implementing `::testing::ActionInterface`. - -If all you need to do is to change an output argument, the built-in -`SetArgPointee()` action is convenient: - -``` -using ::testing::SetArgPointee; - -class MockMutator : public Mutator { - public: - MOCK_METHOD2(Mutate, void(bool mutate, int* value)); - ... -}; -... - - MockMutator mutator; - EXPECT_CALL(mutator, Mutate(true, _)) - .WillOnce(SetArgPointee<1>(5)); -``` - -In this example, when `mutator.Mutate()` is called, we will assign 5 -to the `int` variable pointed to by argument #1 -(0-based). - -`SetArgPointee()` conveniently makes an internal copy of the -value you pass to it, removing the need to keep the value in scope and -alive. The implication however is that the value must have a copy -constructor and assignment operator. - -If the mock method also needs to return a value as well, you can chain -`SetArgPointee()` with `Return()` using `DoAll()`: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::Return; -using ::testing::SetArgPointee; - -class MockMutator : public Mutator { - public: - ... - MOCK_METHOD1(MutateInt, bool(int* value)); -}; -... - - MockMutator mutator; - EXPECT_CALL(mutator, MutateInt(_)) - .WillOnce(DoAll(SetArgPointee<0>(5), - Return(true))); -``` - -If the output argument is an array, use the -`SetArrayArgument(first, last)` action instead. It copies the -elements in source range `[first, last)` to the array pointed to by -the `N`-th (0-based) argument: - -``` -using ::testing::NotNull; -using ::testing::SetArrayArgument; - -class MockArrayMutator : public ArrayMutator { - public: - MOCK_METHOD2(Mutate, void(int* values, int num_values)); - ... -}; -... - - MockArrayMutator mutator; - int values[5] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }; - EXPECT_CALL(mutator, Mutate(NotNull(), 5)) - .WillOnce(SetArrayArgument<0>(values, values + 5)); -``` - -This also works when the argument is an output iterator: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::SeArrayArgument; - -class MockRolodex : public Rolodex { - public: - MOCK_METHOD1(GetNames, void(std::back_insert_iterator >)); - ... -}; -... - - MockRolodex rolodex; - vector names; - names.push_back("George"); - names.push_back("John"); - names.push_back("Thomas"); - EXPECT_CALL(rolodex, GetNames(_)) - .WillOnce(SetArrayArgument<0>(names.begin(), names.end())); -``` - -## Changing a Mock Object's Behavior Based on the State ## - -If you expect a call to change the behavior of a mock object, you can use `::testing::InSequence` to specify different behaviors before and after the call: - -``` -using ::testing::InSequence; -using ::testing::Return; - -... - { - InSequence seq; - EXPECT_CALL(my_mock, IsDirty()) - .WillRepeatedly(Return(true)); - EXPECT_CALL(my_mock, Flush()); - EXPECT_CALL(my_mock, IsDirty()) - .WillRepeatedly(Return(false)); - } - my_mock.FlushIfDirty(); -``` - -This makes `my_mock.IsDirty()` return `true` before `my_mock.Flush()` is called and return `false` afterwards. - -If the behavior change is more complex, you can store the effects in a variable and make a mock method get its return value from that variable: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::SaveArg; -using ::testing::Return; - -ACTION_P(ReturnPointee, p) { return *p; } -... - int previous_value = 0; - EXPECT_CALL(my_mock, GetPrevValue()) - .WillRepeatedly(ReturnPointee(&previous_value)); - EXPECT_CALL(my_mock, UpdateValue(_)) - .WillRepeatedly(SaveArg<0>(&previous_value)); - my_mock.DoSomethingToUpdateValue(); -``` - -Here `my_mock.GetPrevValue()` will always return the argument of the last `UpdateValue()` call. - -## Setting the Default Value for a Return Type ## - -If a mock method's return type is a built-in C++ type or pointer, by -default it will return 0 when invoked. You only need to specify an -action if this default value doesn't work for you. - -Sometimes, you may want to change this default value, or you may want -to specify a default value for types Google Mock doesn't know -about. You can do this using the `::testing::DefaultValue` class -template: - -``` -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - MOCK_METHOD0(CalculateBar, Bar()); -}; -... - - Bar default_bar; - // Sets the default return value for type Bar. - DefaultValue::Set(default_bar); - - MockFoo foo; - - // We don't need to specify an action here, as the default - // return value works for us. - EXPECT_CALL(foo, CalculateBar()); - - foo.CalculateBar(); // This should return default_bar. - - // Unsets the default return value. - DefaultValue::Clear(); -``` - -Please note that changing the default value for a type can make you -tests hard to understand. We recommend you to use this feature -judiciously. For example, you may want to make sure the `Set()` and -`Clear()` calls are right next to the code that uses your mock. - -## Setting the Default Actions for a Mock Method ## - -You've learned how to change the default value of a given -type. However, this may be too coarse for your purpose: perhaps you -have two mock methods with the same return type and you want them to -have different behaviors. The `ON_CALL()` macro allows you to -customize your mock's behavior at the method level: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::AnyNumber; -using ::testing::Gt; -using ::testing::Return; -... - ON_CALL(foo, Sign(_)) - .WillByDefault(Return(-1)); - ON_CALL(foo, Sign(0)) - .WillByDefault(Return(0)); - ON_CALL(foo, Sign(Gt(0))) - .WillByDefault(Return(1)); - - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Sign(_)) - .Times(AnyNumber()); - - foo.Sign(5); // This should return 1. - foo.Sign(-9); // This should return -1. - foo.Sign(0); // This should return 0. -``` - -As you may have guessed, when there are more than one `ON_CALL()` -statements, the news order take precedence over the older ones. In -other words, the **last** one that matches the function arguments will -be used. This matching order allows you to set up the common behavior -in a mock object's constructor or the test fixture's set-up phase and -specialize the mock's behavior later. - -## Using Functions/Methods/Functors as Actions ## - -If the built-in actions don't suit you, you can easily use an existing -function, method, or functor as an action: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::Invoke; - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - MOCK_METHOD2(Sum, int(int x, int y)); - MOCK_METHOD1(ComplexJob, bool(int x)); -}; - -int CalculateSum(int x, int y) { return x + y; } - -class Helper { - public: - bool ComplexJob(int x); -}; -... - - MockFoo foo; - Helper helper; - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Sum(_, _)) - .WillOnce(Invoke(CalculateSum)); - EXPECT_CALL(foo, ComplexJob(_)) - .WillOnce(Invoke(&helper, &Helper::ComplexJob)); - - foo.Sum(5, 6); // Invokes CalculateSum(5, 6). - foo.ComplexJob(10); // Invokes helper.ComplexJob(10); -``` - -The only requirement is that the type of the function, etc must be -_compatible_ with the signature of the mock function, meaning that the -latter's arguments can be implicitly converted to the corresponding -arguments of the former, and the former's return type can be -implicitly converted to that of the latter. So, you can invoke -something whose type is _not_ exactly the same as the mock function, -as long as it's safe to do so - nice, huh? - -## Invoking a Function/Method/Functor Without Arguments ## - -`Invoke()` is very useful for doing actions that are more complex. It -passes the mock function's arguments to the function or functor being -invoked such that the callee has the full context of the call to work -with. If the invoked function is not interested in some or all of the -arguments, it can simply ignore them. - -Yet, a common pattern is that a test author wants to invoke a function -without the arguments of the mock function. `Invoke()` allows her to -do that using a wrapper function that throws away the arguments before -invoking an underlining nullary function. Needless to say, this can be -tedious and obscures the intent of the test. - -`InvokeWithoutArgs()` solves this problem. It's like `Invoke()` except -that it doesn't pass the mock function's arguments to the -callee. Here's an example: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::InvokeWithoutArgs; - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - MOCK_METHOD1(ComplexJob, bool(int n)); -}; - -bool Job1() { ... } -... - - MockFoo foo; - EXPECT_CALL(foo, ComplexJob(_)) - .WillOnce(InvokeWithoutArgs(Job1)); - - foo.ComplexJob(10); // Invokes Job1(). -``` - -## Invoking an Argument of the Mock Function ## - -Sometimes a mock function will receive a function pointer or a functor -(in other words, a "callable") as an argument, e.g. - -``` -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - MOCK_METHOD2(DoThis, bool(int n, bool (*fp)(int))); -}; -``` - -and you may want to invoke this callable argument: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -... - MockFoo foo; - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(_, _)) - .WillOnce(...); - // Will execute (*fp)(5), where fp is the - // second argument DoThis() receives. -``` - -Arghh, you need to refer to a mock function argument but C++ has no -lambda (yet), so you have to define your own action. :-( Or do you -really? - -Well, Google Mock has an action to solve _exactly_ this problem: - -``` - InvokeArgument(arg_1, arg_2, ..., arg_m) -``` - -will invoke the `N`-th (0-based) argument the mock function receives, -with `arg_1`, `arg_2`, ..., and `arg_m`. No matter if the argument is -a function pointer or a functor, Google Mock handles them both. - -With that, you could write: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::InvokeArgument; -... - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(_, _)) - .WillOnce(InvokeArgument<1>(5)); - // Will execute (*fp)(5), where fp is the - // second argument DoThis() receives. -``` - -What if the callable takes an argument by reference? No problem - just -wrap it inside `ByRef()`: - -``` -... - MOCK_METHOD1(Bar, bool(bool (*fp)(int, const Helper&))); -... -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::ByRef; -using ::testing::InvokeArgument; -... - - MockFoo foo; - Helper helper; - ... - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(_)) - .WillOnce(InvokeArgument<0>(5, ByRef(helper))); - // ByRef(helper) guarantees that a reference to helper, not a copy of it, - // will be passed to the callable. -``` - -What if the callable takes an argument by reference and we do **not** -wrap the argument in `ByRef()`? Then `InvokeArgument()` will _make a -copy_ of the argument, and pass a _reference to the copy_, instead of -a reference to the original value, to the callable. This is especially -handy when the argument is a temporary value: - -``` -... - MOCK_METHOD1(DoThat, bool(bool (*f)(const double& x, const string& s))); -... -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::InvokeArgument; -... - - MockFoo foo; - ... - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThat(_)) - .WillOnce(InvokeArgument<0>(5.0, string("Hi"))); - // Will execute (*f)(5.0, string("Hi")), where f is the function pointer - // DoThat() receives. Note that the values 5.0 and string("Hi") are - // temporary and dead once the EXPECT_CALL() statement finishes. Yet - // it's fine to perform this action later, since a copy of the values - // are kept inside the InvokeArgument action. -``` - -## Ignoring an Action's Result ## - -Sometimes you have an action that returns _something_, but you need an -action that returns `void` (perhaps you want to use it in a mock -function that returns `void`, or perhaps it needs to be used in -`DoAll()` and it's not the last in the list). `IgnoreResult()` lets -you do that. For example: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::Invoke; -using ::testing::Return; - -int Process(const MyData& data); -string DoSomething(); - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - MOCK_METHOD1(Abc, void(const MyData& data)); - MOCK_METHOD0(Xyz, bool()); -}; -... - - MockFoo foo; - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Abc(_)) - // .WillOnce(Invoke(Process)); - // The above line won't compile as Process() returns int but Abc() needs - // to return void. - .WillOnce(IgnoreResult(Invoke(Process))); - - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Xyz()) - .WillOnce(DoAll(IgnoreResult(Invoke(DoSomething)), - // Ignores the string DoSomething() returns. - Return(true))); -``` - -Note that you **cannot** use `IgnoreResult()` on an action that already -returns `void`. Doing so will lead to ugly compiler errors. - -## Selecting an Action's Arguments ## - -Say you have a mock function `Foo()` that takes seven arguments, and -you have a custom action that you want to invoke when `Foo()` is -called. Trouble is, the custom action only wants three arguments: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::Invoke; -... - MOCK_METHOD7(Foo, bool(bool visible, const string& name, int x, int y, - const map, double>& weight, - double min_weight, double max_wight)); -... - -bool IsVisibleInQuadrant1(bool visible, int x, int y) { - return visible && x >= 0 && y >= 0; -} -... - - EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo(_, _, _, _, _, _, _)) - .WillOnce(Invoke(IsVisibleInQuadrant1)); // Uh, won't compile. :-( -``` - -To please the compiler God, you can to define an "adaptor" that has -the same signature as `Foo()` and calls the custom action with the -right arguments: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::Invoke; - -bool MyIsVisibleInQuadrant1(bool visible, const string& name, int x, int y, - const map, double>& weight, - double min_weight, double max_wight) { - return IsVisibleInQuadrant1(visible, x, y); -} -... - - EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo(_, _, _, _, _, _, _)) - .WillOnce(Invoke(MyIsVisibleInQuadrant1)); // Now it works. -``` - -But isn't this awkward? - -Google Mock provides a generic _action adaptor_, so you can spend your -time minding more important business than writing your own -adaptors. Here's the syntax: - -``` - WithArgs(action) -``` - -creates an action that passes the arguments of the mock function at -the given indices (0-based) to the inner `action` and performs -it. Using `WithArgs`, our original example can be written as: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::Invoke; -using ::testing::WithArgs; -... - EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo(_, _, _, _, _, _, _)) - .WillOnce(WithArgs<0, 2, 3>(Invoke(IsVisibleInQuadrant1))); - // No need to define your own adaptor. -``` - -For better readability, Google Mock also gives you: - - * `WithoutArgs(action)` when the inner `action` takes _no_ argument, and - * `WithArg(action)` (no `s` after `Arg`) when the inner `action` takes _one_ argument. - -As you may have realized, `InvokeWithoutArgs(...)` is just syntactic -sugar for `WithoutArgs(Inovke(...))`. - -Here are more tips: - - * The inner action used in `WithArgs` and friends does not have to be `Invoke()` -- it can be anything. - * You can repeat an argument in the argument list if necessary, e.g. `WithArgs<2, 3, 3, 5>(...)`. - * You can change the order of the arguments, e.g. `WithArgs<3, 2, 1>(...)`. - * The types of the selected arguments do _not_ have to match the signature of the inner action exactly. It works as long as they can be implicitly converted to the corresponding arguments of the inner action. For example, if the 4-th argument of the mock function is an `int` and `my_action` takes a `double`, `WithArg<4>(my_action)` will work. - -## Ignoring Arguments in Action Functions ## - -The selecting-an-action's-arguments recipe showed us one way to make a -mock function and an action with incompatible argument lists fit -together. The downside is that wrapping the action in -`WithArgs<...>()` can get tedious for people writing the tests. - -If you are defining a function, method, or functor to be used with -`Invoke*()`, and you are not interested in some of its arguments, an -alternative to `WithArgs` is to declare the uninteresting arguments as -`Unused`. This makes the definition less cluttered and less fragile in -case the types of the uninteresting arguments change. It could also -increase the chance the action function can be reused. For example, -given - -``` - MOCK_METHOD3(Foo, double(const string& label, double x, double y)); - MOCK_METHOD3(Bar, double(int index, double x, double y)); -``` - -instead of - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::Invoke; - -double DistanceToOriginWithLabel(const string& label, double x, double y) { - return sqrt(x*x + y*y); -} - -double DistanceToOriginWithIndex(int index, double x, double y) { - return sqrt(x*x + y*y); -} -... - - EXEPCT_CALL(mock, Foo("abc", _, _)) - .WillOnce(Invoke(DistanceToOriginWithLabel)); - EXEPCT_CALL(mock, Bar(5, _, _)) - .WillOnce(Invoke(DistanceToOriginWithIndex)); -``` - -you could write - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::Invoke; -using ::testing::Unused; - -double DistanceToOrigin(Unused, double x, double y) { - return sqrt(x*x + y*y); -} -... - - EXEPCT_CALL(mock, Foo("abc", _, _)) - .WillOnce(Invoke(DistanceToOrigin)); - EXEPCT_CALL(mock, Bar(5, _, _)) - .WillOnce(Invoke(DistanceToOrigin)); -``` - -## Sharing Actions ## - -Just like matchers, a Google Mock action object consists of a pointer -to a ref-counted implementation object. Therefore copying actions is -also allowed and very efficient. When the last action that references -the implementation object dies, the implementation object will be -deleted. - -If you have some complex action that you want to use again and again, -you may not have to build it from scratch everytime. If the action -doesn't have an internal state (i.e. if it always does the same thing -no matter how many times it has been called), you can assign it to an -action variable and use that variable repeatedly. For example: - -``` - Action set_flag = DoAll(SetArgPointee<0>(5), - Return(true)); - ... use set_flag in .WillOnce() and .WillRepeatedly() ... -``` - -However, if the action has its own state, you may be surprised if you -share the action object. Suppose you have an action factory -`IncrementCounter(init)` which creates an action that increments and -returns a counter whose initial value is `init`, using two actions -created from the same expression and using a shared action will -exihibit different behaviors. Example: - -``` - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis()) - .WillRepeatedly(IncrementCounter(0)); - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThat()) - .WillRepeatedly(IncrementCounter(0)); - foo.DoThis(); // Returns 1. - foo.DoThis(); // Returns 2. - foo.DoThat(); // Returns 1 - Blah() uses a different - // counter than Bar()'s. -``` - -versus - -``` - Action increment = IncrementCounter(0); - - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis()) - .WillRepeatedly(increment); - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThat()) - .WillRepeatedly(increment); - foo.DoThis(); // Returns 1. - foo.DoThis(); // Returns 2. - foo.DoThat(); // Returns 3 - the counter is shared. -``` - -# Misc Recipes on Using Google Mock # - -## Making the Compilation Faster ## - -Believe it or not, the _vast majority_ of the time spent on compiling -a mock class is in generating its constructor and destructor, as they -perform non-trivial tasks (e.g. verification of the -expectations). What's more, mock methods with different signatures -have different types and thus their constructors/destructors need to -be generated by the compiler separately. As a result, if you mock many -different types of methods, compiling your mock class can get really -slow. - -If you are experiencing slow compilation, you can move the definition -of your mock class' constructor and destructor out of the class body -and into a `.cpp` file. This way, even if you `#include` your mock -class in N files, the compiler only needs to generate its constructor -and destructor once, resulting in a much faster compilation. - -Let's illustrate the idea using an example. Here's the definition of a -mock class before applying this recipe: - -``` -// File mock_foo.h. -... -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - // Since we don't declare the constructor or the destructor, - // the compiler will generate them in every translation unit - // where this mock class is used. - - MOCK_METHOD0(DoThis, int()); - MOCK_METHOD1(DoThat, bool(const char* str)); - ... more mock methods ... -}; -``` - -After the change, it would look like: - -``` -// File mock_foo.h. -... -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - // The constructor and destructor are declared, but not defined, here. - MockFoo(); - virtual ~MockFoo(); - - MOCK_METHOD0(DoThis, int()); - MOCK_METHOD1(DoThat, bool(const char* str)); - ... more mock methods ... -}; -``` -and -``` -// File mock_foo.cpp. -#include "path/to/mock_foo.h" - -// The definitions may appear trivial, but the functions actually do a -// lot of things through the constructors/destructors of the member -// variables used to implement the mock methods. -MockFoo::MockFoo() {} -MockFoo::~MockFoo() {} -``` - -## Forcing a Verification ## - -When it's being destoyed, your friendly mock object will automatically -verify that all expectations on it have been satisfied, and will -generate [Google Test](http://code.google.com/p/googletest/) failures -if not. This is convenient as it leaves you with one less thing to -worry about. That is, unless you are not sure if your mock object will -be destoyed. - -How could it be that your mock object won't eventually be destroyed? -Well, it might be created on the heap and owned by the code you are -testing. Suppose there's a bug in that code and it doesn't delete the -mock object properly - you could end up with a passing test when -there's actually a bug. - -Using a heap checker is a good idea and can alleviate the concern, but -its implementation may not be 100% reliable. So, sometimes you do want -to _force_ Google Mock to verify a mock object before it is -(hopefully) destructed. You can do this with -`Mock::VerifyAndClearExpectations(&mock_object)`: - -``` -TEST(MyServerTest, ProcessesRequest) { - using ::testing::Mock; - - MockFoo* const foo = new MockFoo; - EXPECT_CALL(*foo, ...)...; - // ... other expectations ... - - // server now owns foo. - MyServer server(foo); - server.ProcessRequest(...); - - // In case that server's destructor will forget to delete foo, - // this will verify the expectations anyway. - Mock::VerifyAndClearExpectations(foo); -} // server is destroyed when it goes out of scope here. -``` - -**Tip:** The `Mock::VerifyAndClearExpectations()` function returns a -`bool` to indicate whether the verification was successful (`true` for -yes), so you can wrap that function call inside a `ASSERT_TRUE()` if -there is no point going further when the verification has failed. - -## Using Check Points ## - -Sometimes you may want to "reset" a mock object at various check -points in your test: at each check point, you verify that all existing -expectations on the mock object have been satisfied, and then you set -some new expectations on it as if it's newly created. This allows you -to work with a mock object in "phases" whose sizes are each -manageable. - -One such scenario is that in your test's `SetUp()` function, you may -want to put the object you are testing into a certain state, with the -help from a mock object. Once in the desired state, you want to clear -all expectations on the mock, such that in the `TEST_F` body you can -set fresh expectations on it. - -As you may have figured out, the `Mock::VerifyAndClearExpectations()` -function we saw in the previous recipe can help you here. Or, if you -are using `ON_CALL()` to set default actions on the mock object and -want to clear the default actions as well, use -`Mock::VerifyAndClear(&mock_object)` instead. This function does what -`Mock::VerifyAndClearExpectations(&mock_object)` does and returns the -same `bool`, **plus** it clears the `ON_CALL()` statements on -`mock_object` too. - -Another trick you can use to achieve the same effect is to put the -expectations in sequences and insert calls to a dummy "check-point" -function at specific places. Then you can verify that the mock -function calls do happen at the right time. For example, if you are -exercising code: - -``` -Foo(1); -Foo(2); -Foo(3); -``` - -and want to verify that `Foo(1)` and `Foo(3)` both invoke -`mock.Bar("a")`, but `Foo(2)` doesn't invoke anything. You can write: - -``` -using ::testing::MockFunction; - -TEST(FooTest, InvokesBarCorrectly) { - MyMock mock; - // Class MockFunction has exactly one mock method. It is named - // Call() and has type F. - MockFunction check; - { - InSequence s; - - EXPECT_CALL(mock, Bar("a")); - EXPECT_CALL(check, Call("1")); - EXPECT_CALL(check, Call("2")); - EXPECT_CALL(mock, Bar("a")); - } - Foo(1); - check.Call("1"); - Foo(2); - check.Call("2"); - Foo(3); -} -``` - -The expectation spec says that the first `Bar("a")` must happen before -check point "1", the second `Bar("a")` must happen after check point "2", -and nothing should happen between the two check points. The explicit -check points make it easy to tell which `Bar("a")` is called by which -call to `Foo()`. - -## Mocking Destructors ## - -Sometimes you want to make sure a mock object is destructed at the -right time, e.g. after `bar->A()` is called but before `bar->B()` is -called. We already know that you can specify constraints on the order -of mock function calls, so all we need to do is to mock the destructor -of the mock function. - -This sounds simple, except for one problem: a destructor is a special -function with special syntax and special semantics, and the -`MOCK_METHOD0` macro doesn't work for it: - -``` - MOCK_METHOD0(~MockFoo, void()); // Won't compile! -``` - -The good news is that you can use a simple pattern to achieve the same -effect. First, add a mock function `Die()` to your mock class and call -it in the destructor, like this: - -``` -class MockFoo : public Foo { - ... - // Add the following two lines to the mock class. - MOCK_METHOD0(Die, void()); - virtual ~MockFoo() { Die(); } -}; -``` - -(If the name `Die()` clashes with an existing symbol, choose another -name.) Now, we have translated the problem of testing when a `MockFoo` -object dies to testing when its `Die()` method is called: - -``` - MockFoo* foo = new MockFoo; - MockBar* bar = new MockBar; - ... - { - InSequence s; - - // Expects *foo to die after bar->A() and before bar->B(). - EXPECT_CALL(*bar, A()); - EXPECT_CALL(*foo, Die()); - EXPECT_CALL(*bar, B()); - } -``` - -And that's that. - -## Using Google Mock and Threads ## - -**IMPORTANT NOTE:** What we describe in this recipe is **ONLY** true on -platforms where Google Mock is thread-safe. Currently these are only -platforms that support the pthreads library (this includes Linux and Mac). -To make it thread-safe on other platforms we only need to implement -some synchronization operations in `"gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"`. - -In a **unit** test, it's best if you could isolate and test a piece of -code in a single-threaded context. That avoids race conditions and -dead locks, and makes debugging your test much easier. - -Yet many programs are multi-threaded, and sometimes to test something -we need to pound on it from more than one thread. Google Mock works -for this purpose too. - -Remember the steps for using a mock: - - 1. Create a mock object `foo`. - 1. Set its default actions and expectations using `ON_CALL()` and `EXPECT_CALL()`. - 1. The code under test calls methods of `foo`. - 1. Optionally, verify and reset the mock. - 1. Destroy the mock yourself, or let the code under test destroy it. The destructor will automatically verify it. - -If you follow the following simple rules, your mocks and threads can -live happily togeter: - - * Execute your _test code_ (as opposed to the code being tested) in _one_ thread. This makes your test easy to follow. - * Obviously, you can do step #1 without locking. - * When doing step #2 and #5, make sure no other thread is accessing `foo`. Obvious too, huh? - * #3 and #4 can be done either in one thread or in multiple threads - anyway you want. Google Mock takes care of the locking, so you don't have to do any - unless required by your test logic. - -If you violate the rules (for example, if you set expectations on a -mock while another thread is calling its methods), you get undefined -behavior. That's not fun, so don't do it. - -Google Mock guarantees that the action for a mock function is done in -the same thread that called the mock function. For example, in - -``` - EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo(1)) - .WillOnce(action1); - EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo(2)) - .WillOnce(action2); -``` - -if `Foo(1)` is called in thread 1 and `Foo(2)` is called in thread 2, -Google Mock will execute `action1` in thread 1 and `action2` in thread -2. - -Google Mock does _not_ impose a sequence on actions performed in -different threads (doing so may create deadlocks as the actions may -need to cooperate). This means that the execution of `action1` and -`action2` in the above example _may_ interleave. If this is a problem, -you should add proper synchronization logic to `action1` and `action2` -to make the test thread-safe. - - -Also, remember that `DefaultValue` is a global resource that -potentially affects _all_ living mock objects in your -program. Naturally, you won't want to mess with it from multiple -threads or when there still are mocks in action. - -## Controlling How Much Information Google Mock Prints ## - -When Google Mock sees something that has the potential of being an -error (e.g. a mock function with no expectation is called, a.k.a. an -uninteresting call, which is allowed but perhaps you forgot to -explicitly ban the call), it prints some warning messages, including -the arguments of the function and the return value. Hopefully this -will remind you to take a look and see if there is indeed a problem. - -Sometimes you are confident that your tests are correct and may not -appreciate such friendly messages. Some other times, you are debugging -your tests or learning about the behavior of the code you are testing, -and wish you could observe every mock call that happens (including -argument values and the return value). Clearly, one size doesn't fit -all. - -You can control how much Google Mock tells you using the -`--gmock_verbose=LEVEL` command-line flag, where `LEVEL` is a string -with three possible values: - - * `info`: Google Mock will print all informational messages, warnings, and errors (most verbose). At this setting, Google Mock will also log any calls to the `ON_CALL/EXPECT_CALL` macros. - * `warning`: Google Mock will print both warnings and errors (less verbose). This is the default. - * `error`: Google Mock will print errors only (least verbose). - -Alternatively, you can adjust the value of that flag from within your -tests like so: - -``` - ::testing::FLAGS_gmock_verbose = "error"; -``` - -Now, judiciously use the right flag to enable Google Mock serve you better! - -## Running Tests in Emacs ## - -If you build and run your tests in Emacs, the source file locations of -Google Mock and [Google Test](http://code.google.com/p/googletest/) -errors will be highlighted. Just press `` on one of them and -you'll be taken to the offending line. Or, you can just type `C-x `` -to jump to the next error. - -To make it even easier, you can add the following lines to your -`~/.emacs` file: - -``` -(global-set-key "\M-m" 'compile) ; m is for make -(global-set-key [M-down] 'next-error) -(global-set-key [M-up] '(lambda () (interactive) (next-error -1))) -``` - -Then you can type `M-m` to start a build, or `M-up`/`M-down` to move -back and forth between errors. - -## Fusing Google Mock Source Files ## - -Google Mock's implementation consists of dozens of files (excluding -its own tests). Sometimes you may want them to be packaged up in -fewer files instead, such that you can easily copy them to a new -machine and start hacking there. For this we provide an experimental -Python script `fuse_gmock_files.py` in the `scripts/` directory -(starting with release 1.2.0). Assuming you have Python 2.4 or above -installed on your machine, just go to that directory and run -``` -python fuse_gmock_files.py OUTPUT_DIR -``` - -and you should see an `OUTPUT_DIR` directory being created with files -`gtest/gtest.h`, `gmock/gmock.h`, and `gmock-gtest-all.cc` in it. -These three files contain everything you need to use Google Mock (and -Google Test). Just copy them to anywhere you want and you are ready -to write tests and use mocks. You can use the -[scrpts/test/Makefile](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/source/browse/trunk/scripts/test/Makefile) file as an example on how to compile your tests -against them. - -# Extending Google Mock # - -## Writing New Matchers Quickly ## - -The `MATCHER*` family of macros can be used to define custom matchers -easily. The syntax: - -``` -MATCHER(name, description_string_expression) { statements; } -``` - -will define a matcher with the given name that executes the -statements, which must return a `bool` to indicate if the match -succeeds. Inside the statements, you can refer to the value being -matched by `arg`, and refer to its type by `arg_type`. - -The description string is a `string`-typed expression that documents -what the matcher does, and is used to generate the failure message -when the match fails. It can (and should) reference the special -`bool` variable `negation`, and should evaluate to the description of -the matcher when `negation` is `false`, or that of the matcher's -negation when `negation` is `true`. - -For convenience, we allow the description string to be empty (`""`), -in which case Google Mock will use the sequence of words in the -matcher name as the description. - -For example: -``` -MATCHER(IsDivisibleBy7, "") { return (arg % 7) == 0; } -``` -allows you to write -``` - // Expects mock_foo.Bar(n) to be called where n is divisible by 7. - EXPECT_CALL(mock_foo, Bar(IsDivisibleBy7())); -``` -or, -``` -using ::testing::Not; -... - EXPECT_THAT(some_expression, IsDivisibleBy7()); - EXPECT_THAT(some_other_expression, Not(IsDivisibleBy7())); -``` -If the above assertions fail, they will print something like: -``` - Value of: some_expression - Expected: is divisible by 7 - Actual: 27 -... - Value of: some_other_expression - Expected: not (is divisible by 7) - Actual: 21 -``` -where the descriptions `"is divisible by 7"` and `"not (is divisible -by 7)"` are automatically calculated from the matcher name -`IsDivisibleBy7`. - -As you may have noticed, the auto-generated descriptions (especially -those for the negation) may not be so great. You can always override -them with a string expression of your own: -``` -MATCHER(IsDivisibleBy7, std::string(negation ? "isn't" : "is") + - " divisible by 7") { - return (arg % 7) == 0; -} -``` - -Optionally, you can stream additional information to a hidden argument -named `result_listener` to explain the match result. For example, a -better definition of `IsDivisibleBy7` is: -``` -MATCHER(IsDivisibleBy7, "") { - if ((arg % 7) == 0) - return true; - - *result_listener << "the remainder is " << (arg % 7); - return false; -} -``` - -With this definition, the above assertion will give a better message: -``` - Value of: some_expression - Expected: is divisible by 7 - Actual: 27 (the remainder is 6) -``` - -You should let `MatchAndExplain()` print _any additional information_ -that can help a user understand the match result. Note that it should -explain why the match succeeds in case of a success (unless it's -obvious) - this is useful when the matcher is used inside -`Not()`. There is no need to print the argument value itself, as -Google Mock already prints it for you. - -**Notes:** - - 1. The type of the value being matched (`arg_type`) is determined by the context in which you use the matcher and is supplied to you by the compiler, so you don't need to worry about declaring it (nor can you). This allows the matcher to be polymorphic. For example, `IsDivisibleBy7()` can be used to match any type where the value of `(arg % 7) == 0` can be implicitly converted to a `bool`. In the `Bar(IsDivisibleBy7())` example above, if method `Bar()` takes an `int`, `arg_type` will be `int`; if it takes an `unsigned long`, `arg_type` will be `unsigned long`; and so on. - 1. Google Mock doesn't guarantee when or how many times a matcher will be invoked. Therefore the matcher logic must be _purely functional_ (i.e. it cannot have any side effect, and the result must not depend on anything other than the value being matched and the matcher parameters). This requirement must be satisfied no matter how you define the matcher (e.g. using one of the methods described in the following recipes). In particular, a matcher can never call a mock function, as that will affect the state of the mock object and Google Mock. - -## Writing New Parameterized Matchers Quickly ## - -Sometimes you'll want to define a matcher that has parameters. For that you -can use the macro: -``` -MATCHER_P(name, param_name, description_string) { statements; } -``` -where the description string can be either `""` or a string expression -that references `negation` and `param_name`. - -For example: -``` -MATCHER_P(HasAbsoluteValue, value, "") { return abs(arg) == value; } -``` -will allow you to write: -``` - EXPECT_THAT(Blah("a"), HasAbsoluteValue(n)); -``` -which may lead to this message (assuming `n` is 10): -``` - Value of: Blah("a") - Expected: has absolute value 10 - Actual: -9 -``` - -Note that both the matcher description and its parameter are -printed, making the message human-friendly. - -In the matcher definition body, you can write `foo_type` to -reference the type of a parameter named `foo`. For example, in the -body of `MATCHER_P(HasAbsoluteValue, value)` above, you can write -`value_type` to refer to the type of `value`. - -Google Mock also provides `MATCHER_P2`, `MATCHER_P3`, ..., up to -`MATCHER_P10` to support multi-parameter matchers: -``` -MATCHER_Pk(name, param_1, ..., param_k, description_string) { statements; } -``` - -Please note that the custom description string is for a particular -**instance** of the matcher, where the parameters have been bound to -actual values. Therefore usually you'll want the parameter values to -be part of the description. Google Mock lets you do that by -referencing the matcher parameters in the description string -expression. - -For example, -``` - using ::testing::PrintToString; - MATCHER_P2(InClosedRange, low, hi, - std::string(negation ? "isn't" : "is") + " in range [" + - PrintToString(low) + ", " + PrintToString(hi) + "]") { - return low <= arg && arg <= hi; - } - ... - EXPECT_THAT(3, InClosedRange(4, 6)); -``` -would generate a failure that contains the message: -``` - Expected: is in range [4, 6] -``` - -If you specify `""` as the description, the failure message will -contain the sequence of words in the matcher name followed by the -parameter values printed as a tuple. For example, -``` - MATCHER_P2(InClosedRange, low, hi, "") { ... } - ... - EXPECT_THAT(3, InClosedRange(4, 6)); -``` -would generate a failure that contains the text: -``` - Expected: in closed range (4, 6) -``` - -For the purpose of typing, you can view -``` -MATCHER_Pk(Foo, p1, ..., pk, description_string) { ... } -``` -as shorthand for -``` -template -FooMatcherPk -Foo(p1_type p1, ..., pk_type pk) { ... } -``` - -When you write `Foo(v1, ..., vk)`, the compiler infers the types of -the parameters `v1`, ..., and `vk` for you. If you are not happy with -the result of the type inference, you can specify the types by -explicitly instantiating the template, as in `Foo(5, false)`. -As said earlier, you don't get to (or need to) specify -`arg_type` as that's determined by the context in which the matcher -is used. - -You can assign the result of expression `Foo(p1, ..., pk)` to a -variable of type `FooMatcherPk`. This can be -useful when composing matchers. Matchers that don't have a parameter -or have only one parameter have special types: you can assign `Foo()` -to a `FooMatcher`-typed variable, and assign `Foo(p)` to a -`FooMatcherP`-typed variable. - -While you can instantiate a matcher template with reference types, -passing the parameters by pointer usually makes your code more -readable. If, however, you still want to pass a parameter by -reference, be aware that in the failure message generated by the -matcher you will see the value of the referenced object but not its -address. - -You can overload matchers with different numbers of parameters: -``` -MATCHER_P(Blah, a, description_string_1) { ... } -MATCHER_P2(Blah, a, b, description_string_2) { ... } -``` - -While it's tempting to always use the `MATCHER*` macros when defining -a new matcher, you should also consider implementing -`MatcherInterface` or using `MakePolymorphicMatcher()` instead (see -the recipes that follow), especially if you need to use the matcher a -lot. While these approaches require more work, they give you more -control on the types of the value being matched and the matcher -parameters, which in general leads to better compiler error messages -that pay off in the long run. They also allow overloading matchers -based on parameter types (as opposed to just based on the number of -parameters). - -## Writing New Monomorphic Matchers ## - -A matcher of argument type `T` implements -`::testing::MatcherInterface` and does two things: it tests whether a -value of type `T` matches the matcher, and can describe what kind of -values it matches. The latter ability is used for generating readable -error messages when expectations are violated. - -The interface looks like this: - -``` -class MatchResultListener { - public: - ... - // Streams x to the underlying ostream; does nothing if the ostream - // is NULL. - template - MatchResultListener& operator<<(const T& x); - - // Returns the underlying ostream. - ::std::ostream* stream(); -}; - -template -class MatcherInterface { - public: - virtual ~MatcherInterface(); - - // Returns true iff the matcher matches x; also explains the match - // result to 'listener'. - virtual bool MatchAndExplain(T x, MatchResultListener* listener) const = 0; - - // Describes this matcher to an ostream. - virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const = 0; - - // Describes the negation of this matcher to an ostream. - virtual void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const; -}; -``` - -If you need a custom matcher but `Truly()` is not a good option (for -example, you may not be happy with the way `Truly(predicate)` -describes itself, or you may want your matcher to be polymorphic as -`Eq(value)` is), you can define a matcher to do whatever you want in -two steps: first implement the matcher interface, and then define a -factory function to create a matcher instance. The second step is not -strictly needed but it makes the syntax of using the matcher nicer. - -For example, you can define a matcher to test whether an `int` is -divisible by 7 and then use it like this: -``` -using ::testing::MakeMatcher; -using ::testing::Matcher; -using ::testing::MatcherInterface; -using ::testing::MatchResultListener; - -class DivisibleBy7Matcher : public MatcherInterface { - public: - virtual bool MatchAndExplain(int n, MatchResultListener* listener) const { - return (n % 7) == 0; - } - - virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const { - *os << "is divisible by 7"; - } - - virtual void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const { - *os << "is not divisible by 7"; - } -}; - -inline Matcher DivisibleBy7() { - return MakeMatcher(new DivisibleBy7Matcher); -} -... - - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(DivisibleBy7())); -``` - -You may improve the matcher message by streaming additional -information to the `listener` argument in `MatchAndExplain()`: - -``` -class DivisibleBy7Matcher : public MatcherInterface { - public: - virtual bool MatchAndExplain(int n, - MatchResultListener* listener) const { - const int remainder = n % 7; - if (remainder != 0) { - *listener << "the remainder is " << remainder; - } - return remainder == 0; - } - ... -}; -``` - -Then, `EXPECT_THAT(x, DivisibleBy7());` may general a message like this: -``` -Value of: x -Expected: is divisible by 7 - Actual: 23 (the remainder is 2) -``` - -## Writing New Polymorphic Matchers ## - -You've learned how to write your own matchers in the previous -recipe. Just one problem: a matcher created using `MakeMatcher()` only -works for one particular type of arguments. If you want a -_polymorphic_ matcher that works with arguments of several types (for -instance, `Eq(x)` can be used to match a `value` as long as `value` == -`x` compiles -- `value` and `x` don't have to share the same type), -you can learn the trick from `"gmock/gmock-matchers.h"` but it's a bit -involved. - -Fortunately, most of the time you can define a polymorphic matcher -easily with the help of `MakePolymorphicMatcher()`. Here's how you can -define `NotNull()` as an example: - -``` -using ::testing::MakePolymorphicMatcher; -using ::testing::MatchResultListener; -using ::testing::NotNull; -using ::testing::PolymorphicMatcher; - -class NotNullMatcher { - public: - // To implement a polymorphic matcher, first define a COPYABLE class - // that has three members MatchAndExplain(), DescribeTo(), and - // DescribeNegationTo(), like the following. - - // In this example, we want to use NotNull() with any pointer, so - // MatchAndExplain() accepts a pointer of any type as its first argument. - // In general, you can define MatchAndExplain() as an ordinary method or - // a method template, or even overload it. - template - bool MatchAndExplain(T* p, - MatchResultListener* /* listener */) const { - return p != NULL; - } - - // Describes the property of a value matching this matcher. - void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const { *os << "is not NULL"; } - - // Describes the property of a value NOT matching this matcher. - void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const { *os << "is NULL"; } -}; - -// To construct a polymorphic matcher, pass an instance of the class -// to MakePolymorphicMatcher(). Note the return type. -inline PolymorphicMatcher NotNull() { - return MakePolymorphicMatcher(NotNullMatcher()); -} -... - - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(NotNull())); // The argument must be a non-NULL pointer. -``` - -**Note:** Your polymorphic matcher class does **not** need to inherit from -`MatcherInterface` or any other class, and its methods do **not** need -to be virtual. - -Like in a monomorphic matcher, you may explain the match result by -streaming additional information to the `listener` argument in -`MatchAndExplain()`. - -## Writing New Cardinalities ## - -A cardinality is used in `Times()` to tell Google Mock how many times -you expect a call to occur. It doesn't have to be exact. For example, -you can say `AtLeast(5)` or `Between(2, 4)`. - -If the built-in set of cardinalities doesn't suit you, you are free to -define your own by implementing the following interface (in namespace -`testing`): - -``` -class CardinalityInterface { - public: - virtual ~CardinalityInterface(); - - // Returns true iff call_count calls will satisfy this cardinality. - virtual bool IsSatisfiedByCallCount(int call_count) const = 0; - - // Returns true iff call_count calls will saturate this cardinality. - virtual bool IsSaturatedByCallCount(int call_count) const = 0; - - // Describes self to an ostream. - virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const = 0; -}; -``` - -For example, to specify that a call must occur even number of times, -you can write - -``` -using ::testing::Cardinality; -using ::testing::CardinalityInterface; -using ::testing::MakeCardinality; - -class EvenNumberCardinality : public CardinalityInterface { - public: - virtual bool IsSatisfiedByCallCount(int call_count) const { - return (call_count % 2) == 0; - } - - virtual bool IsSaturatedByCallCount(int call_count) const { - return false; - } - - virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const { - *os << "called even number of times"; - } -}; - -Cardinality EvenNumber() { - return MakeCardinality(new EvenNumberCardinality); -} -... - - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(3)) - .Times(EvenNumber()); -``` - -## Writing New Actions Quickly ## - -If the built-in actions don't work for you, and you find it -inconvenient to use `Invoke()`, you can use a macro from the `ACTION*` -family to quickly define a new action that can be used in your code as -if it's a built-in action. - -By writing -``` -ACTION(name) { statements; } -``` -in a namespace scope (i.e. not inside a class or function), you will -define an action with the given name that executes the statements. -The value returned by `statements` will be used as the return value of -the action. Inside the statements, you can refer to the K-th -(0-based) argument of the mock function as `argK`. For example: -``` -ACTION(IncrementArg1) { return ++(*arg1); } -``` -allows you to write -``` -... WillOnce(IncrementArg1()); -``` - -Note that you don't need to specify the types of the mock function -arguments. Rest assured that your code is type-safe though: -you'll get a compiler error if `*arg1` doesn't support the `++` -operator, or if the type of `++(*arg1)` isn't compatible with the mock -function's return type. - -Another example: -``` -ACTION(Foo) { - (*arg2)(5); - Blah(); - *arg1 = 0; - return arg0; -} -``` -defines an action `Foo()` that invokes argument #2 (a function pointer) -with 5, calls function `Blah()`, sets the value pointed to by argument -#1 to 0, and returns argument #0. - -For more convenience and flexibility, you can also use the following -pre-defined symbols in the body of `ACTION`: - -| `argK_type` | The type of the K-th (0-based) argument of the mock function | -|:------------|:-------------------------------------------------------------| -| `args` | All arguments of the mock function as a tuple | -| `args_type` | The type of all arguments of the mock function as a tuple | -| `return_type` | The return type of the mock function | -| `function_type` | The type of the mock function | - -For example, when using an `ACTION` as a stub action for mock function: -``` -int DoSomething(bool flag, int* ptr); -``` -we have: -| **Pre-defined Symbol** | **Is Bound To** | -|:-----------------------|:----------------| -| `arg0` | the value of `flag` | -| `arg0_type` | the type `bool` | -| `arg1` | the value of `ptr` | -| `arg1_type` | the type `int*` | -| `args` | the tuple `(flag, ptr)` | -| `args_type` | the type `std::tr1::tuple` | -| `return_type` | the type `int` | -| `function_type` | the type `int(bool, int*)` | - -## Writing New Parameterized Actions Quickly ## - -Sometimes you'll want to parameterize an action you define. For that -we have another macro -``` -ACTION_P(name, param) { statements; } -``` - -For example, -``` -ACTION_P(Add, n) { return arg0 + n; } -``` -will allow you to write -``` -// Returns argument #0 + 5. -... WillOnce(Add(5)); -``` - -For convenience, we use the term _arguments_ for the values used to -invoke the mock function, and the term _parameters_ for the values -used to instantiate an action. - -Note that you don't need to provide the type of the parameter either. -Suppose the parameter is named `param`, you can also use the -Google-Mock-defined symbol `param_type` to refer to the type of the -parameter as inferred by the compiler. For example, in the body of -`ACTION_P(Add, n)` above, you can write `n_type` for the type of `n`. - -Google Mock also provides `ACTION_P2`, `ACTION_P3`, and etc to support -multi-parameter actions. For example, -``` -ACTION_P2(ReturnDistanceTo, x, y) { - double dx = arg0 - x; - double dy = arg1 - y; - return sqrt(dx*dx + dy*dy); -} -``` -lets you write -``` -... WillOnce(ReturnDistanceTo(5.0, 26.5)); -``` - -You can view `ACTION` as a degenerated parameterized action where the -number of parameters is 0. - -You can also easily define actions overloaded on the number of parameters: -``` -ACTION_P(Plus, a) { ... } -ACTION_P2(Plus, a, b) { ... } -``` - -## Restricting the Type of an Argument or Parameter in an ACTION ## - -For maximum brevity and reusability, the `ACTION*` macros don't ask -you to provide the types of the mock function arguments and the action -parameters. Instead, we let the compiler infer the types for us. - -Sometimes, however, we may want to be more explicit about the types. -There are several tricks to do that. For example: -``` -ACTION(Foo) { - // Makes sure arg0 can be converted to int. - int n = arg0; - ... use n instead of arg0 here ... -} - -ACTION_P(Bar, param) { - // Makes sure the type of arg1 is const char*. - ::testing::StaticAssertTypeEq(); - - // Makes sure param can be converted to bool. - bool flag = param; -} -``` -where `StaticAssertTypeEq` is a compile-time assertion in Google Test -that verifies two types are the same. - -## Writing New Action Templates Quickly ## - -Sometimes you want to give an action explicit template parameters that -cannot be inferred from its value parameters. `ACTION_TEMPLATE()` -supports that and can be viewed as an extension to `ACTION()` and -`ACTION_P*()`. - -The syntax: -``` -ACTION_TEMPLATE(ActionName, - HAS_m_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(kind1, name1, ..., kind_m, name_m), - AND_n_VALUE_PARAMS(p1, ..., p_n)) { statements; } -``` - -defines an action template that takes _m_ explicit template parameters -and _n_ value parameters, where _m_ is between 1 and 10, and _n_ is -between 0 and 10. `name_i` is the name of the i-th template -parameter, and `kind_i` specifies whether it's a `typename`, an -integral constant, or a template. `p_i` is the name of the i-th value -parameter. - -Example: -``` -// DuplicateArg(output) converts the k-th argument of the mock -// function to type T and copies it to *output. -ACTION_TEMPLATE(DuplicateArg, - // Note the comma between int and k: - HAS_2_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(int, k, typename, T), - AND_1_VALUE_PARAMS(output)) { - *output = T(std::tr1::get(args)); -} -``` - -To create an instance of an action template, write: -``` - ActionName(v1, ..., v_n) -``` -where the `t`s are the template arguments and the -`v`s are the value arguments. The value argument -types are inferred by the compiler. For example: -``` -using ::testing::_; -... - int n; - EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo(_, _)) - .WillOnce(DuplicateArg<1, unsigned char>(&n)); -``` - -If you want to explicitly specify the value argument types, you can -provide additional template arguments: -``` - ActionName(v1, ..., v_n) -``` -where `u_i` is the desired type of `v_i`. - -`ACTION_TEMPLATE` and `ACTION`/`ACTION_P*` can be overloaded on the -number of value parameters, but not on the number of template -parameters. Without the restriction, the meaning of the following is -unclear: - -``` - OverloadedAction(x); -``` - -Are we using a single-template-parameter action where `bool` refers to -the type of `x`, or a two-template-parameter action where the compiler -is asked to infer the type of `x`? - -## Using the ACTION Object's Type ## - -If you are writing a function that returns an `ACTION` object, you'll -need to know its type. The type depends on the macro used to define -the action and the parameter types. The rule is relatively simple: -| **Given Definition** | **Expression** | **Has Type** | -|:---------------------|:---------------|:-------------| -| `ACTION(Foo)` | `Foo()` | `FooAction` | -| `ACTION_TEMPLATE(Foo, HAS_m_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(...), AND_0_VALUE_PARAMS())` | `Foo()` | `FooAction` | -| `ACTION_P(Bar, param)` | `Bar(int_value)` | `BarActionP` | -| `ACTION_TEMPLATE(Bar, HAS_m_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(...), AND_1_VALUE_PARAMS(p1))` | `Bar(int_value)` | `FooActionP` | -| `ACTION_P2(Baz, p1, p2)` | `Baz(bool_value, int_value)` | `BazActionP2` | -| `ACTION_TEMPLATE(Baz, HAS_m_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(...), AND_2_VALUE_PARAMS(p1, p2))` | `Baz(bool_value, int_value)` | `FooActionP2` | -| ... | ... | ... | - -Note that we have to pick different suffixes (`Action`, `ActionP`, -`ActionP2`, and etc) for actions with different numbers of value -parameters, or the action definitions cannot be overloaded on the -number of them. - -## Writing New Monomorphic Actions ## - -While the `ACTION*` macros are very convenient, sometimes they are -inappropriate. For example, despite the tricks shown in the previous -recipes, they don't let you directly specify the types of the mock -function arguments and the action parameters, which in general leads -to unoptimized compiler error messages that can baffle unfamiliar -users. They also don't allow overloading actions based on parameter -types without jumping through some hoops. - -An alternative to the `ACTION*` macros is to implement -`::testing::ActionInterface`, where `F` is the type of the mock -function in which the action will be used. For example: - -``` -template class ActionInterface { - public: - virtual ~ActionInterface(); - - // Performs the action. Result is the return type of function type - // F, and ArgumentTuple is the tuple of arguments of F. - // - // For example, if F is int(bool, const string&), then Result would - // be int, and ArgumentTuple would be tr1::tuple. - virtual Result Perform(const ArgumentTuple& args) = 0; -}; - -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::Action; -using ::testing::ActionInterface; -using ::testing::MakeAction; - -typedef int IncrementMethod(int*); - -class IncrementArgumentAction : public ActionInterface { - public: - virtual int Perform(const tr1::tuple& args) { - int* p = tr1::get<0>(args); // Grabs the first argument. - return *p++; - } -}; - -Action IncrementArgument() { - return MakeAction(new IncrementArgumentAction); -} -... - - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Baz(_)) - .WillOnce(IncrementArgument()); - - int n = 5; - foo.Baz(&n); // Should return 5 and change n to 6. -``` - -## Writing New Polymorphic Actions ## - -The previous recipe showed you how to define your own action. This is -all good, except that you need to know the type of the function in -which the action will be used. Sometimes that can be a problem. For -example, if you want to use the action in functions with _different_ -types (e.g. like `Return()` and `SetArgPointee()`). - -If an action can be used in several types of mock functions, we say -it's _polymorphic_. The `MakePolymorphicAction()` function template -makes it easy to define such an action: - -``` -namespace testing { - -template -PolymorphicAction MakePolymorphicAction(const Impl& impl); - -} // namespace testing -``` - -As an example, let's define an action that returns the second argument -in the mock function's argument list. The first step is to define an -implementation class: - -``` -class ReturnSecondArgumentAction { - public: - template - Result Perform(const ArgumentTuple& args) const { - // To get the i-th (0-based) argument, use tr1::get(args). - return tr1::get<1>(args); - } -}; -``` - -This implementation class does _not_ need to inherit from any -particular class. What matters is that it must have a `Perform()` -method template. This method template takes the mock function's -arguments as a tuple in a **single** argument, and returns the result of -the action. It can be either `const` or not, but must be invokable -with exactly one template argument, which is the result type. In other -words, you must be able to call `Perform(args)` where `R` is the -mock function's return type and `args` is its arguments in a tuple. - -Next, we use `MakePolymorphicAction()` to turn an instance of the -implementation class into the polymorphic action we need. It will be -convenient to have a wrapper for this: - -``` -using ::testing::MakePolymorphicAction; -using ::testing::PolymorphicAction; - -PolymorphicAction ReturnSecondArgument() { - return MakePolymorphicAction(ReturnSecondArgumentAction()); -} -``` - -Now, you can use this polymorphic action the same way you use the -built-in ones: - -``` -using ::testing::_; - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - MOCK_METHOD2(DoThis, int(bool flag, int n)); - MOCK_METHOD3(DoThat, string(int x, const char* str1, const char* str2)); -}; -... - - MockFoo foo; - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(_, _)) - .WillOnce(ReturnSecondArgument()); - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThat(_, _, _)) - .WillOnce(ReturnSecondArgument()); - ... - foo.DoThis(true, 5); // Will return 5. - foo.DoThat(1, "Hi", "Bye"); // Will return "Hi". -``` - -## Teaching Google Mock How to Print Your Values ## - -When an uninteresting or unexpected call occurs, Google Mock prints the -argument values and the stack trace to help you debug. Assertion -macros like `EXPECT_THAT` and `EXPECT_EQ` also print the values in -question when the assertion fails. Google Mock and Google Test do this using -Google Test's user-extensible value printer. - -This printer knows how to print built-in C++ types, native arrays, STL -containers, and any type that supports the `<<` operator. For other -types, it prints the raw bytes in the value and hopes that you the -user can figure it out. -[Google Test's advanced guide](http://code.google.com/p/googletest/wiki/V1_6_AdvancedGuide#Teaching_Google_Test_How_to_Print_Your_Values) -explains how to extend the printer to do a better job at -printing your particular type than to dump the bytes. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/v1_6/Documentation.md b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/v1_6/Documentation.md deleted file mode 100644 index dcc9156..0000000 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/v1_6/Documentation.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -This page lists all documentation wiki pages for Google Mock **1.6** -- **if you use a released version of Google Mock, please read the documentation for that specific version instead.** - - * [ForDummies](V1_6_ForDummies.md) -- start here if you are new to Google Mock. - * [CheatSheet](V1_6_CheatSheet.md) -- a quick reference. - * [CookBook](V1_6_CookBook.md) -- recipes for doing various tasks using Google Mock. - * [FrequentlyAskedQuestions](V1_6_FrequentlyAskedQuestions.md) -- check here before asking a question on the mailing list. - -To contribute code to Google Mock, read: - - * [DevGuide](DevGuide.md) -- read this _before_ writing your first patch. - * [Pump Manual](http://code.google.com/p/googletest/wiki/V1_6_PumpManual) -- how we generate some of Google Mock's source files. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/v1_6/ForDummies.md b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/v1_6/ForDummies.md deleted file mode 100644 index 19ee63a..0000000 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/v1_6/ForDummies.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,439 +0,0 @@ - - -(**Note:** If you get compiler errors that you don't understand, be sure to consult [Google Mock Doctor](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/V1_6_FrequentlyAskedQuestions#How_am_I_supposed_to_make_sense_of_these_horrible_template_error).) - -# What Is Google C++ Mocking Framework? # -When you write a prototype or test, often it's not feasible or wise to rely on real objects entirely. A **mock object** implements the same interface as a real object (so it can be used as one), but lets you specify at run time how it will be used and what it should do (which methods will be called? in which order? how many times? with what arguments? what will they return? etc). - -**Note:** It is easy to confuse the term _fake objects_ with mock objects. Fakes and mocks actually mean very different things in the Test-Driven Development (TDD) community: - - * **Fake** objects have working implementations, but usually take some shortcut (perhaps to make the operations less expensive), which makes them not suitable for production. An in-memory file system would be an example of a fake. - * **Mocks** are objects pre-programmed with _expectations_, which form a specification of the calls they are expected to receive. - -If all this seems too abstract for you, don't worry - the most important thing to remember is that a mock allows you to check the _interaction_ between itself and code that uses it. The difference between fakes and mocks will become much clearer once you start to use mocks. - -**Google C++ Mocking Framework** (or **Google Mock** for short) is a library (sometimes we also call it a "framework" to make it sound cool) for creating mock classes and using them. It does to C++ what [jMock](http://www.jmock.org/) and [EasyMock](http://www.easymock.org/) do to Java. - -Using Google Mock involves three basic steps: - - 1. Use some simple macros to describe the interface you want to mock, and they will expand to the implementation of your mock class; - 1. Create some mock objects and specify its expectations and behavior using an intuitive syntax; - 1. Exercise code that uses the mock objects. Google Mock will catch any violation of the expectations as soon as it arises. - -# Why Google Mock? # -While mock objects help you remove unnecessary dependencies in tests and make them fast and reliable, using mocks manually in C++ is _hard_: - - * Someone has to implement the mocks. The job is usually tedious and error-prone. No wonder people go great distance to avoid it. - * The quality of those manually written mocks is a bit, uh, unpredictable. You may see some really polished ones, but you may also see some that were hacked up in a hurry and have all sorts of ad hoc restrictions. - * The knowledge you gained from using one mock doesn't transfer to the next. - -In contrast, Java and Python programmers have some fine mock frameworks, which automate the creation of mocks. As a result, mocking is a proven effective technique and widely adopted practice in those communities. Having the right tool absolutely makes the difference. - -Google Mock was built to help C++ programmers. It was inspired by [jMock](http://www.jmock.org/) and [EasyMock](http://www.easymock.org/), but designed with C++'s specifics in mind. It is your friend if any of the following problems is bothering you: - - * You are stuck with a sub-optimal design and wish you had done more prototyping before it was too late, but prototyping in C++ is by no means "rapid". - * Your tests are slow as they depend on too many libraries or use expensive resources (e.g. a database). - * Your tests are brittle as some resources they use are unreliable (e.g. the network). - * You want to test how your code handles a failure (e.g. a file checksum error), but it's not easy to cause one. - * You need to make sure that your module interacts with other modules in the right way, but it's hard to observe the interaction; therefore you resort to observing the side effects at the end of the action, which is awkward at best. - * You want to "mock out" your dependencies, except that they don't have mock implementations yet; and, frankly, you aren't thrilled by some of those hand-written mocks. - -We encourage you to use Google Mock as: - - * a _design_ tool, for it lets you experiment with your interface design early and often. More iterations lead to better designs! - * a _testing_ tool to cut your tests' outbound dependencies and probe the interaction between your module and its collaborators. - -# Getting Started # -Using Google Mock is easy! Inside your C++ source file, just `#include` `"gtest/gtest.h"` and `"gmock/gmock.h"`, and you are ready to go. - -# A Case for Mock Turtles # -Let's look at an example. Suppose you are developing a graphics program that relies on a LOGO-like API for drawing. How would you test that it does the right thing? Well, you can run it and compare the screen with a golden screen snapshot, but let's admit it: tests like this are expensive to run and fragile (What if you just upgraded to a shiny new graphics card that has better anti-aliasing? Suddenly you have to update all your golden images.). It would be too painful if all your tests are like this. Fortunately, you learned about Dependency Injection and know the right thing to do: instead of having your application talk to the drawing API directly, wrap the API in an interface (say, `Turtle`) and code to that interface: - -``` -class Turtle { - ... - virtual ~Turtle() {} - virtual void PenUp() = 0; - virtual void PenDown() = 0; - virtual void Forward(int distance) = 0; - virtual void Turn(int degrees) = 0; - virtual void GoTo(int x, int y) = 0; - virtual int GetX() const = 0; - virtual int GetY() const = 0; -}; -``` - -(Note that the destructor of `Turtle` **must** be virtual, as is the case for **all** classes you intend to inherit from - otherwise the destructor of the derived class will not be called when you delete an object through a base pointer, and you'll get corrupted program states like memory leaks.) - -You can control whether the turtle's movement will leave a trace using `PenUp()` and `PenDown()`, and control its movement using `Forward()`, `Turn()`, and `GoTo()`. Finally, `GetX()` and `GetY()` tell you the current position of the turtle. - -Your program will normally use a real implementation of this interface. In tests, you can use a mock implementation instead. This allows you to easily check what drawing primitives your program is calling, with what arguments, and in which order. Tests written this way are much more robust (they won't break because your new machine does anti-aliasing differently), easier to read and maintain (the intent of a test is expressed in the code, not in some binary images), and run _much, much faster_. - -# Writing the Mock Class # -If you are lucky, the mocks you need to use have already been implemented by some nice people. If, however, you find yourself in the position to write a mock class, relax - Google Mock turns this task into a fun game! (Well, almost.) - -## How to Define It ## -Using the `Turtle` interface as example, here are the simple steps you need to follow: - - 1. Derive a class `MockTurtle` from `Turtle`. - 1. Take a _virtual_ function of `Turtle` (while it's possible to [mock non-virtual methods using templates](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/V1_6_CookBook#Mocking_Nonvirtual_Methods), it's much more involved). Count how many arguments it has. - 1. In the `public:` section of the child class, write `MOCK_METHODn();` (or `MOCK_CONST_METHODn();` if you are mocking a `const` method), where `n` is the number of the arguments; if you counted wrong, shame on you, and a compiler error will tell you so. - 1. Now comes the fun part: you take the function signature, cut-and-paste the _function name_ as the _first_ argument to the macro, and leave what's left as the _second_ argument (in case you're curious, this is the _type of the function_). - 1. Repeat until all virtual functions you want to mock are done. - -After the process, you should have something like: - -``` -#include "gmock/gmock.h" // Brings in Google Mock. -class MockTurtle : public Turtle { - public: - ... - MOCK_METHOD0(PenUp, void()); - MOCK_METHOD0(PenDown, void()); - MOCK_METHOD1(Forward, void(int distance)); - MOCK_METHOD1(Turn, void(int degrees)); - MOCK_METHOD2(GoTo, void(int x, int y)); - MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(GetX, int()); - MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(GetY, int()); -}; -``` - -You don't need to define these mock methods somewhere else - the `MOCK_METHOD*` macros will generate the definitions for you. It's that simple! Once you get the hang of it, you can pump out mock classes faster than your source-control system can handle your check-ins. - -**Tip:** If even this is too much work for you, you'll find the -`gmock_gen.py` tool in Google Mock's `scripts/generator/` directory (courtesy of the [cppclean](http://code.google.com/p/cppclean/) project) useful. This command-line -tool requires that you have Python 2.4 installed. You give it a C++ file and the name of an abstract class defined in it, -and it will print the definition of the mock class for you. Due to the -complexity of the C++ language, this script may not always work, but -it can be quite handy when it does. For more details, read the [user documentation](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/source/browse/trunk/scripts/generator/README). - -## Where to Put It ## -When you define a mock class, you need to decide where to put its definition. Some people put it in a `*_test.cc`. This is fine when the interface being mocked (say, `Foo`) is owned by the same person or team. Otherwise, when the owner of `Foo` changes it, your test could break. (You can't really expect `Foo`'s maintainer to fix every test that uses `Foo`, can you?) - -So, the rule of thumb is: if you need to mock `Foo` and it's owned by others, define the mock class in `Foo`'s package (better, in a `testing` sub-package such that you can clearly separate production code and testing utilities), and put it in a `mock_foo.h`. Then everyone can reference `mock_foo.h` from their tests. If `Foo` ever changes, there is only one copy of `MockFoo` to change, and only tests that depend on the changed methods need to be fixed. - -Another way to do it: you can introduce a thin layer `FooAdaptor` on top of `Foo` and code to this new interface. Since you own `FooAdaptor`, you can absorb changes in `Foo` much more easily. While this is more work initially, carefully choosing the adaptor interface can make your code easier to write and more readable (a net win in the long run), as you can choose `FooAdaptor` to fit your specific domain much better than `Foo` does. - -# Using Mocks in Tests # -Once you have a mock class, using it is easy. The typical work flow is: - - 1. Import the Google Mock names from the `testing` namespace such that you can use them unqualified (You only have to do it once per file. Remember that namespaces are a good idea and good for your health.). - 1. Create some mock objects. - 1. Specify your expectations on them (How many times will a method be called? With what arguments? What should it do? etc.). - 1. Exercise some code that uses the mocks; optionally, check the result using Google Test assertions. If a mock method is called more than expected or with wrong arguments, you'll get an error immediately. - 1. When a mock is destructed, Google Mock will automatically check whether all expectations on it have been satisfied. - -Here's an example: - -``` -#include "path/to/mock-turtle.h" -#include "gmock/gmock.h" -#include "gtest/gtest.h" -using ::testing::AtLeast; // #1 - -TEST(PainterTest, CanDrawSomething) { - MockTurtle turtle; // #2 - EXPECT_CALL(turtle, PenDown()) // #3 - .Times(AtLeast(1)); - - Painter painter(&turtle); // #4 - - EXPECT_TRUE(painter.DrawCircle(0, 0, 10)); -} // #5 - -int main(int argc, char** argv) { - // The following line must be executed to initialize Google Mock - // (and Google Test) before running the tests. - ::testing::InitGoogleMock(&argc, argv); - return RUN_ALL_TESTS(); -} -``` - -As you might have guessed, this test checks that `PenDown()` is called at least once. If the `painter` object didn't call this method, your test will fail with a message like this: - -``` -path/to/my_test.cc:119: Failure -Actual function call count doesn't match this expectation: -Actually: never called; -Expected: called at least once. -``` - -**Tip 1:** If you run the test from an Emacs buffer, you can hit `` on the line number displayed in the error message to jump right to the failed expectation. - -**Tip 2:** If your mock objects are never deleted, the final verification won't happen. Therefore it's a good idea to use a heap leak checker in your tests when you allocate mocks on the heap. - -**Important note:** Google Mock requires expectations to be set **before** the mock functions are called, otherwise the behavior is **undefined**. In particular, you mustn't interleave `EXPECT_CALL()`s and calls to the mock functions. - -This means `EXPECT_CALL()` should be read as expecting that a call will occur _in the future_, not that a call has occurred. Why does Google Mock work like that? Well, specifying the expectation beforehand allows Google Mock to report a violation as soon as it arises, when the context (stack trace, etc) is still available. This makes debugging much easier. - -Admittedly, this test is contrived and doesn't do much. You can easily achieve the same effect without using Google Mock. However, as we shall reveal soon, Google Mock allows you to do _much more_ with the mocks. - -## Using Google Mock with Any Testing Framework ## -If you want to use something other than Google Test (e.g. [CppUnit](http://apps.sourceforge.net/mediawiki/cppunit/index.php?title=Main_Page) or -[CxxTest](http://cxxtest.tigris.org/)) as your testing framework, just change the `main()` function in the previous section to: -``` -int main(int argc, char** argv) { - // The following line causes Google Mock to throw an exception on failure, - // which will be interpreted by your testing framework as a test failure. - ::testing::GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure) = true; - ::testing::InitGoogleMock(&argc, argv); - ... whatever your testing framework requires ... -} -``` - -This approach has a catch: it makes Google Mock throw an exception -from a mock object's destructor sometimes. With some compilers, this -sometimes causes the test program to crash. You'll still be able to -notice that the test has failed, but it's not a graceful failure. - -A better solution is to use Google Test's -[event listener API](http://code.google.com/p/googletest/wiki/V1_6_AdvancedGuide#Extending_Google_Test_by_Handling_Test_Events) -to report a test failure to your testing framework properly. You'll need to -implement the `OnTestPartResult()` method of the event listener interface, but it -should be straightforward. - -If this turns out to be too much work, we suggest that you stick with -Google Test, which works with Google Mock seamlessly (in fact, it is -technically part of Google Mock.). If there is a reason that you -cannot use Google Test, please let us know. - -# Setting Expectations # -The key to using a mock object successfully is to set the _right expectations_ on it. If you set the expectations too strict, your test will fail as the result of unrelated changes. If you set them too loose, bugs can slip through. You want to do it just right such that your test can catch exactly the kind of bugs you intend it to catch. Google Mock provides the necessary means for you to do it "just right." - -## General Syntax ## -In Google Mock we use the `EXPECT_CALL()` macro to set an expectation on a mock method. The general syntax is: - -``` -EXPECT_CALL(mock_object, method(matchers)) - .Times(cardinality) - .WillOnce(action) - .WillRepeatedly(action); -``` - -The macro has two arguments: first the mock object, and then the method and its arguments. Note that the two are separated by a comma (`,`), not a period (`.`). (Why using a comma? The answer is that it was necessary for technical reasons.) - -The macro can be followed by some optional _clauses_ that provide more information about the expectation. We'll discuss how each clause works in the coming sections. - -This syntax is designed to make an expectation read like English. For example, you can probably guess that - -``` -using ::testing::Return;... -EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GetX()) - .Times(5) - .WillOnce(Return(100)) - .WillOnce(Return(150)) - .WillRepeatedly(Return(200)); -``` - -says that the `turtle` object's `GetX()` method will be called five times, it will return 100 the first time, 150 the second time, and then 200 every time. Some people like to call this style of syntax a Domain-Specific Language (DSL). - -**Note:** Why do we use a macro to do this? It serves two purposes: first it makes expectations easily identifiable (either by `grep` or by a human reader), and second it allows Google Mock to include the source file location of a failed expectation in messages, making debugging easier. - -## Matchers: What Arguments Do We Expect? ## -When a mock function takes arguments, we must specify what arguments we are expecting; for example: - -``` -// Expects the turtle to move forward by 100 units. -EXPECT_CALL(turtle, Forward(100)); -``` - -Sometimes you may not want to be too specific (Remember that talk about tests being too rigid? Over specification leads to brittle tests and obscures the intent of tests. Therefore we encourage you to specify only what's necessary - no more, no less.). If you care to check that `Forward()` will be called but aren't interested in its actual argument, write `_` as the argument, which means "anything goes": - -``` -using ::testing::_; -... -// Expects the turtle to move forward. -EXPECT_CALL(turtle, Forward(_)); -``` - -`_` is an instance of what we call **matchers**. A matcher is like a predicate and can test whether an argument is what we'd expect. You can use a matcher inside `EXPECT_CALL()` wherever a function argument is expected. - -A list of built-in matchers can be found in the [CheatSheet](V1_6_CheatSheet.md). For example, here's the `Ge` (greater than or equal) matcher: - -``` -using ::testing::Ge;... -EXPECT_CALL(turtle, Forward(Ge(100))); -``` - -This checks that the turtle will be told to go forward by at least 100 units. - -## Cardinalities: How Many Times Will It Be Called? ## -The first clause we can specify following an `EXPECT_CALL()` is `Times()`. We call its argument a **cardinality** as it tells _how many times_ the call should occur. It allows us to repeat an expectation many times without actually writing it as many times. More importantly, a cardinality can be "fuzzy", just like a matcher can be. This allows a user to express the intent of a test exactly. - -An interesting special case is when we say `Times(0)`. You may have guessed - it means that the function shouldn't be called with the given arguments at all, and Google Mock will report a Google Test failure whenever the function is (wrongfully) called. - -We've seen `AtLeast(n)` as an example of fuzzy cardinalities earlier. For the list of built-in cardinalities you can use, see the [CheatSheet](V1_6_CheatSheet.md). - -The `Times()` clause can be omitted. **If you omit `Times()`, Google Mock will infer the cardinality for you.** The rules are easy to remember: - - * If **neither** `WillOnce()` **nor** `WillRepeatedly()` is in the `EXPECT_CALL()`, the inferred cardinality is `Times(1)`. - * If there are `n WillOnce()`'s but **no** `WillRepeatedly()`, where `n` >= 1, the cardinality is `Times(n)`. - * If there are `n WillOnce()`'s and **one** `WillRepeatedly()`, where `n` >= 0, the cardinality is `Times(AtLeast(n))`. - -**Quick quiz:** what do you think will happen if a function is expected to be called twice but actually called four times? - -## Actions: What Should It Do? ## -Remember that a mock object doesn't really have a working implementation? We as users have to tell it what to do when a method is invoked. This is easy in Google Mock. - -First, if the return type of a mock function is a built-in type or a pointer, the function has a **default action** (a `void` function will just return, a `bool` function will return `false`, and other functions will return 0). If you don't say anything, this behavior will be used. - -Second, if a mock function doesn't have a default action, or the default action doesn't suit you, you can specify the action to be taken each time the expectation matches using a series of `WillOnce()` clauses followed by an optional `WillRepeatedly()`. For example, - -``` -using ::testing::Return;... -EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GetX()) - .WillOnce(Return(100)) - .WillOnce(Return(200)) - .WillOnce(Return(300)); -``` - -This says that `turtle.GetX()` will be called _exactly three times_ (Google Mock inferred this from how many `WillOnce()` clauses we've written, since we didn't explicitly write `Times()`), and will return 100, 200, and 300 respectively. - -``` -using ::testing::Return;... -EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GetY()) - .WillOnce(Return(100)) - .WillOnce(Return(200)) - .WillRepeatedly(Return(300)); -``` - -says that `turtle.GetY()` will be called _at least twice_ (Google Mock knows this as we've written two `WillOnce()` clauses and a `WillRepeatedly()` while having no explicit `Times()`), will return 100 the first time, 200 the second time, and 300 from the third time on. - -Of course, if you explicitly write a `Times()`, Google Mock will not try to infer the cardinality itself. What if the number you specified is larger than there are `WillOnce()` clauses? Well, after all `WillOnce()`s are used up, Google Mock will do the _default_ action for the function every time (unless, of course, you have a `WillRepeatedly()`.). - -What can we do inside `WillOnce()` besides `Return()`? You can return a reference using `ReturnRef(variable)`, or invoke a pre-defined function, among [others](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/V1_6_CheatSheet#Actions). - -**Important note:** The `EXPECT_CALL()` statement evaluates the action clause only once, even though the action may be performed many times. Therefore you must be careful about side effects. The following may not do what you want: - -``` -int n = 100; -EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GetX()) -.Times(4) -.WillRepeatedly(Return(n++)); -``` - -Instead of returning 100, 101, 102, ..., consecutively, this mock function will always return 100 as `n++` is only evaluated once. Similarly, `Return(new Foo)` will create a new `Foo` object when the `EXPECT_CALL()` is executed, and will return the same pointer every time. If you want the side effect to happen every time, you need to define a custom action, which we'll teach in the [CookBook](V1_6_CookBook.md). - -Time for another quiz! What do you think the following means? - -``` -using ::testing::Return;... -EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GetY()) -.Times(4) -.WillOnce(Return(100)); -``` - -Obviously `turtle.GetY()` is expected to be called four times. But if you think it will return 100 every time, think twice! Remember that one `WillOnce()` clause will be consumed each time the function is invoked and the default action will be taken afterwards. So the right answer is that `turtle.GetY()` will return 100 the first time, but **return 0 from the second time on**, as returning 0 is the default action for `int` functions. - -## Using Multiple Expectations ## -So far we've only shown examples where you have a single expectation. More realistically, you're going to specify expectations on multiple mock methods, which may be from multiple mock objects. - -By default, when a mock method is invoked, Google Mock will search the expectations in the **reverse order** they are defined, and stop when an active expectation that matches the arguments is found (you can think of it as "newer rules override older ones."). If the matching expectation cannot take any more calls, you will get an upper-bound-violated failure. Here's an example: - -``` -using ::testing::_;... -EXPECT_CALL(turtle, Forward(_)); // #1 -EXPECT_CALL(turtle, Forward(10)) // #2 - .Times(2); -``` - -If `Forward(10)` is called three times in a row, the third time it will be an error, as the last matching expectation (#2) has been saturated. If, however, the third `Forward(10)` call is replaced by `Forward(20)`, then it would be OK, as now #1 will be the matching expectation. - -**Side note:** Why does Google Mock search for a match in the _reverse_ order of the expectations? The reason is that this allows a user to set up the default expectations in a mock object's constructor or the test fixture's set-up phase and then customize the mock by writing more specific expectations in the test body. So, if you have two expectations on the same method, you want to put the one with more specific matchers **after** the other, or the more specific rule would be shadowed by the more general one that comes after it. - -## Ordered vs Unordered Calls ## -By default, an expectation can match a call even though an earlier expectation hasn't been satisfied. In other words, the calls don't have to occur in the order the expectations are specified. - -Sometimes, you may want all the expected calls to occur in a strict order. To say this in Google Mock is easy: - -``` -using ::testing::InSequence;... -TEST(FooTest, DrawsLineSegment) { - ... - { - InSequence dummy; - - EXPECT_CALL(turtle, PenDown()); - EXPECT_CALL(turtle, Forward(100)); - EXPECT_CALL(turtle, PenUp()); - } - Foo(); -} -``` - -By creating an object of type `InSequence`, all expectations in its scope are put into a _sequence_ and have to occur _sequentially_. Since we are just relying on the constructor and destructor of this object to do the actual work, its name is really irrelevant. - -In this example, we test that `Foo()` calls the three expected functions in the order as written. If a call is made out-of-order, it will be an error. - -(What if you care about the relative order of some of the calls, but not all of them? Can you specify an arbitrary partial order? The answer is ... yes! If you are impatient, the details can be found in the [CookBook](V1_6_CookBook.md).) - -## All Expectations Are Sticky (Unless Said Otherwise) ## -Now let's do a quick quiz to see how well you can use this mock stuff already. How would you test that the turtle is asked to go to the origin _exactly twice_ (you want to ignore any other instructions it receives)? - -After you've come up with your answer, take a look at ours and compare notes (solve it yourself first - don't cheat!): - -``` -using ::testing::_;... -EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GoTo(_, _)) // #1 - .Times(AnyNumber()); -EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GoTo(0, 0)) // #2 - .Times(2); -``` - -Suppose `turtle.GoTo(0, 0)` is called three times. In the third time, Google Mock will see that the arguments match expectation #2 (remember that we always pick the last matching expectation). Now, since we said that there should be only two such calls, Google Mock will report an error immediately. This is basically what we've told you in the "Using Multiple Expectations" section above. - -This example shows that **expectations in Google Mock are "sticky" by default**, in the sense that they remain active even after we have reached their invocation upper bounds. This is an important rule to remember, as it affects the meaning of the spec, and is **different** to how it's done in many other mocking frameworks (Why'd we do that? Because we think our rule makes the common cases easier to express and understand.). - -Simple? Let's see if you've really understood it: what does the following code say? - -``` -using ::testing::Return; -... -for (int i = n; i > 0; i--) { - EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GetX()) - .WillOnce(Return(10*i)); -} -``` - -If you think it says that `turtle.GetX()` will be called `n` times and will return 10, 20, 30, ..., consecutively, think twice! The problem is that, as we said, expectations are sticky. So, the second time `turtle.GetX()` is called, the last (latest) `EXPECT_CALL()` statement will match, and will immediately lead to an "upper bound exceeded" error - this piece of code is not very useful! - -One correct way of saying that `turtle.GetX()` will return 10, 20, 30, ..., is to explicitly say that the expectations are _not_ sticky. In other words, they should _retire_ as soon as they are saturated: - -``` -using ::testing::Return; -... -for (int i = n; i > 0; i--) { - EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GetX()) - .WillOnce(Return(10*i)) - .RetiresOnSaturation(); -} -``` - -And, there's a better way to do it: in this case, we expect the calls to occur in a specific order, and we line up the actions to match the order. Since the order is important here, we should make it explicit using a sequence: - -``` -using ::testing::InSequence; -using ::testing::Return; -... -{ - InSequence s; - - for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { - EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GetX()) - .WillOnce(Return(10*i)) - .RetiresOnSaturation(); - } -} -``` - -By the way, the other situation where an expectation may _not_ be sticky is when it's in a sequence - as soon as another expectation that comes after it in the sequence has been used, it automatically retires (and will never be used to match any call). - -## Uninteresting Calls ## -A mock object may have many methods, and not all of them are that interesting. For example, in some tests we may not care about how many times `GetX()` and `GetY()` get called. - -In Google Mock, if you are not interested in a method, just don't say anything about it. If a call to this method occurs, you'll see a warning in the test output, but it won't be a failure. - -# What Now? # -Congratulations! You've learned enough about Google Mock to start using it. Now, you might want to join the [googlemock](http://groups.google.com/group/googlemock) discussion group and actually write some tests using Google Mock - it will be fun. Hey, it may even be addictive - you've been warned. - -Then, if you feel like increasing your mock quotient, you should move on to the [CookBook](V1_6_CookBook.md). You can learn many advanced features of Google Mock there -- and advance your level of enjoyment and testing bliss. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/v1_6/FrequentlyAskedQuestions.md b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/v1_6/FrequentlyAskedQuestions.md deleted file mode 100644 index f74715d..0000000 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/v1_6/FrequentlyAskedQuestions.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,628 +0,0 @@ - - -Please send your questions to the -[googlemock](http://groups.google.com/group/googlemock) discussion -group. If you need help with compiler errors, make sure you have -tried [Google Mock Doctor](#How_am_I_supposed_to_make_sense_of_these_horrible_template_error.md) first. - -## When I call a method on my mock object, the method for the real object is invoked instead. What's the problem? ## - -In order for a method to be mocked, it must be _virtual_, unless you use the [high-perf dependency injection technique](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/V1_6_CookBook#Mocking_Nonvirtual_Methods). - -## I wrote some matchers. After I upgraded to a new version of Google Mock, they no longer compile. What's going on? ## - -After version 1.4.0 of Google Mock was released, we had an idea on how -to make it easier to write matchers that can generate informative -messages efficiently. We experimented with this idea and liked what -we saw. Therefore we decided to implement it. - -Unfortunately, this means that if you have defined your own matchers -by implementing `MatcherInterface` or using `MakePolymorphicMatcher()`, -your definitions will no longer compile. Matchers defined using the -`MATCHER*` family of macros are not affected. - -Sorry for the hassle if your matchers are affected. We believe it's -in everyone's long-term interest to make this change sooner than -later. Fortunately, it's usually not hard to migrate an existing -matcher to the new API. Here's what you need to do: - -If you wrote your matcher like this: -``` -// Old matcher definition that doesn't work with the latest -// Google Mock. -using ::testing::MatcherInterface; -... -class MyWonderfulMatcher : public MatcherInterface { - public: - ... - virtual bool Matches(MyType value) const { - // Returns true if value matches. - return value.GetFoo() > 5; - } - ... -}; -``` - -you'll need to change it to: -``` -// New matcher definition that works with the latest Google Mock. -using ::testing::MatcherInterface; -using ::testing::MatchResultListener; -... -class MyWonderfulMatcher : public MatcherInterface { - public: - ... - virtual bool MatchAndExplain(MyType value, - MatchResultListener* listener) const { - // Returns true if value matches. - return value.GetFoo() > 5; - } - ... -}; -``` -(i.e. rename `Matches()` to `MatchAndExplain()` and give it a second -argument of type `MatchResultListener*`.) - -If you were also using `ExplainMatchResultTo()` to improve the matcher -message: -``` -// Old matcher definition that doesn't work with the lastest -// Google Mock. -using ::testing::MatcherInterface; -... -class MyWonderfulMatcher : public MatcherInterface { - public: - ... - virtual bool Matches(MyType value) const { - // Returns true if value matches. - return value.GetFoo() > 5; - } - - virtual void ExplainMatchResultTo(MyType value, - ::std::ostream* os) const { - // Prints some helpful information to os to help - // a user understand why value matches (or doesn't match). - *os << "the Foo property is " << value.GetFoo(); - } - ... -}; -``` - -you should move the logic of `ExplainMatchResultTo()` into -`MatchAndExplain()`, using the `MatchResultListener` argument where -the `::std::ostream` was used: -``` -// New matcher definition that works with the latest Google Mock. -using ::testing::MatcherInterface; -using ::testing::MatchResultListener; -... -class MyWonderfulMatcher : public MatcherInterface { - public: - ... - virtual bool MatchAndExplain(MyType value, - MatchResultListener* listener) const { - // Returns true if value matches. - *listener << "the Foo property is " << value.GetFoo(); - return value.GetFoo() > 5; - } - ... -}; -``` - -If your matcher is defined using `MakePolymorphicMatcher()`: -``` -// Old matcher definition that doesn't work with the latest -// Google Mock. -using ::testing::MakePolymorphicMatcher; -... -class MyGreatMatcher { - public: - ... - bool Matches(MyType value) const { - // Returns true if value matches. - return value.GetBar() < 42; - } - ... -}; -... MakePolymorphicMatcher(MyGreatMatcher()) ... -``` - -you should rename the `Matches()` method to `MatchAndExplain()` and -add a `MatchResultListener*` argument (the same as what you need to do -for matchers defined by implementing `MatcherInterface`): -``` -// New matcher definition that works with the latest Google Mock. -using ::testing::MakePolymorphicMatcher; -using ::testing::MatchResultListener; -... -class MyGreatMatcher { - public: - ... - bool MatchAndExplain(MyType value, - MatchResultListener* listener) const { - // Returns true if value matches. - return value.GetBar() < 42; - } - ... -}; -... MakePolymorphicMatcher(MyGreatMatcher()) ... -``` - -If your polymorphic matcher uses `ExplainMatchResultTo()` for better -failure messages: -``` -// Old matcher definition that doesn't work with the latest -// Google Mock. -using ::testing::MakePolymorphicMatcher; -... -class MyGreatMatcher { - public: - ... - bool Matches(MyType value) const { - // Returns true if value matches. - return value.GetBar() < 42; - } - ... -}; -void ExplainMatchResultTo(const MyGreatMatcher& matcher, - MyType value, - ::std::ostream* os) { - // Prints some helpful information to os to help - // a user understand why value matches (or doesn't match). - *os << "the Bar property is " << value.GetBar(); -} -... MakePolymorphicMatcher(MyGreatMatcher()) ... -``` - -you'll need to move the logic inside `ExplainMatchResultTo()` to -`MatchAndExplain()`: -``` -// New matcher definition that works with the latest Google Mock. -using ::testing::MakePolymorphicMatcher; -using ::testing::MatchResultListener; -... -class MyGreatMatcher { - public: - ... - bool MatchAndExplain(MyType value, - MatchResultListener* listener) const { - // Returns true if value matches. - *listener << "the Bar property is " << value.GetBar(); - return value.GetBar() < 42; - } - ... -}; -... MakePolymorphicMatcher(MyGreatMatcher()) ... -``` - -For more information, you can read these -[two](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/V1_6_CookBook#Writing_New_Monomorphic_Matchers) -[recipes](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/V1_6_CookBook#Writing_New_Polymorphic_Matchers) -from the cookbook. As always, you -are welcome to post questions on `googlemock@googlegroups.com` if you -need any help. - -## When using Google Mock, do I have to use Google Test as the testing framework? I have my favorite testing framework and don't want to switch. ## - -Google Mock works out of the box with Google Test. However, it's easy -to configure it to work with any testing framework of your choice. -[Here](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/V1_6_ForDummies#Using_Google_Mock_with_Any_Testing_Framework) is how. - -## How am I supposed to make sense of these horrible template errors? ## - -If you are confused by the compiler errors gcc threw at you, -try consulting the _Google Mock Doctor_ tool first. What it does is to -scan stdin for gcc error messages, and spit out diagnoses on the -problems (we call them diseases) your code has. - -To "install", run command: -``` -alias gmd='/scripts/gmock_doctor.py' -``` - -To use it, do: -``` - 2>&1 | gmd -``` - -For example: -``` -make my_test 2>&1 | gmd -``` - -Or you can run `gmd` and copy-n-paste gcc's error messages to it. - -## Can I mock a variadic function? ## - -You cannot mock a variadic function (i.e. a function taking ellipsis -(`...`) arguments) directly in Google Mock. - -The problem is that in general, there is _no way_ for a mock object to -know how many arguments are passed to the variadic method, and what -the arguments' types are. Only the _author of the base class_ knows -the protocol, and we cannot look into his head. - -Therefore, to mock such a function, the _user_ must teach the mock -object how to figure out the number of arguments and their types. One -way to do it is to provide overloaded versions of the function. - -Ellipsis arguments are inherited from C and not really a C++ feature. -They are unsafe to use and don't work with arguments that have -constructors or destructors. Therefore we recommend to avoid them in -C++ as much as possible. - -## MSVC gives me warning C4301 or C4373 when I define a mock method with a const parameter. Why? ## - -If you compile this using Microsoft Visual C++ 2005 SP1: -``` -class Foo { - ... - virtual void Bar(const int i) = 0; -}; - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - ... - MOCK_METHOD1(Bar, void(const int i)); -}; -``` -You may get the following warning: -``` -warning C4301: 'MockFoo::Bar': overriding virtual function only differs from 'Foo::Bar' by const/volatile qualifier -``` - -This is a MSVC bug. The same code compiles fine with gcc ,for -example. If you use Visual C++ 2008 SP1, you would get the warning: -``` -warning C4373: 'MockFoo::Bar': virtual function overrides 'Foo::Bar', previous versions of the compiler did not override when parameters only differed by const/volatile qualifiers -``` - -In C++, if you _declare_ a function with a `const` parameter, the -`const` modifier is _ignored_. Therefore, the `Foo` base class above -is equivalent to: -``` -class Foo { - ... - virtual void Bar(int i) = 0; // int or const int? Makes no difference. -}; -``` - -In fact, you can _declare_ Bar() with an `int` parameter, and _define_ -it with a `const int` parameter. The compiler will still match them -up. - -Since making a parameter `const` is meaningless in the method -_declaration_, we recommend to remove it in both `Foo` and `MockFoo`. -That should workaround the VC bug. - -Note that we are talking about the _top-level_ `const` modifier here. -If the function parameter is passed by pointer or reference, declaring -the _pointee_ or _referee_ as `const` is still meaningful. For -example, the following two declarations are _not_ equivalent: -``` -void Bar(int* p); // Neither p nor *p is const. -void Bar(const int* p); // p is not const, but *p is. -``` - -## I have a huge mock class, and Microsoft Visual C++ runs out of memory when compiling it. What can I do? ## - -We've noticed that when the `/clr` compiler flag is used, Visual C++ -uses 5~6 times as much memory when compiling a mock class. We suggest -to avoid `/clr` when compiling native C++ mocks. - -## I can't figure out why Google Mock thinks my expectations are not satisfied. What should I do? ## - -You might want to run your test with -`--gmock_verbose=info`. This flag lets Google Mock print a trace -of every mock function call it receives. By studying the trace, -you'll gain insights on why the expectations you set are not met. - -## How can I assert that a function is NEVER called? ## - -``` -EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(_)) - .Times(0); -``` - -## I have a failed test where Google Mock tells me TWICE that a particular expectation is not satisfied. Isn't this redundant? ## - -When Google Mock detects a failure, it prints relevant information -(the mock function arguments, the state of relevant expectations, and -etc) to help the user debug. If another failure is detected, Google -Mock will do the same, including printing the state of relevant -expectations. - -Sometimes an expectation's state didn't change between two failures, -and you'll see the same description of the state twice. They are -however _not_ redundant, as they refer to _different points in time_. -The fact they are the same _is_ interesting information. - -## I get a heap check failure when using a mock object, but using a real object is fine. What can be wrong? ## - -Does the class (hopefully a pure interface) you are mocking have a -virtual destructor? - -Whenever you derive from a base class, make sure its destructor is -virtual. Otherwise Bad Things will happen. Consider the following -code: - -``` -class Base { - public: - // Not virtual, but should be. - ~Base() { ... } - ... -}; - -class Derived : public Base { - public: - ... - private: - std::string value_; -}; - -... - Base* p = new Derived; - ... - delete p; // Surprise! ~Base() will be called, but ~Derived() will not - // - value_ is leaked. -``` - -By changing `~Base()` to virtual, `~Derived()` will be correctly -called when `delete p` is executed, and the heap checker -will be happy. - -## The "newer expectations override older ones" rule makes writing expectations awkward. Why does Google Mock do that? ## - -When people complain about this, often they are referring to code like: - -``` -// foo.Bar() should be called twice, return 1 the first time, and return -// 2 the second time. However, I have to write the expectations in the -// reverse order. This sucks big time!!! -EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar()) - .WillOnce(Return(2)) - .RetiresOnSaturation(); -EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar()) - .WillOnce(Return(1)) - .RetiresOnSaturation(); -``` - -The problem is that they didn't pick the **best** way to express the test's -intent. - -By default, expectations don't have to be matched in _any_ particular -order. If you want them to match in a certain order, you need to be -explicit. This is Google Mock's (and jMock's) fundamental philosophy: it's -easy to accidentally over-specify your tests, and we want to make it -harder to do so. - -There are two better ways to write the test spec. You could either -put the expectations in sequence: - -``` -// foo.Bar() should be called twice, return 1 the first time, and return -// 2 the second time. Using a sequence, we can write the expectations -// in their natural order. -{ - InSequence s; - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar()) - .WillOnce(Return(1)) - .RetiresOnSaturation(); - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar()) - .WillOnce(Return(2)) - .RetiresOnSaturation(); -} -``` - -or you can put the sequence of actions in the same expectation: - -``` -// foo.Bar() should be called twice, return 1 the first time, and return -// 2 the second time. -EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar()) - .WillOnce(Return(1)) - .WillOnce(Return(2)) - .RetiresOnSaturation(); -``` - -Back to the original questions: why does Google Mock search the -expectations (and `ON_CALL`s) from back to front? Because this -allows a user to set up a mock's behavior for the common case early -(e.g. in the mock's constructor or the test fixture's set-up phase) -and customize it with more specific rules later. If Google Mock -searches from front to back, this very useful pattern won't be -possible. - -## Google Mock prints a warning when a function without EXPECT\_CALL is called, even if I have set its behavior using ON\_CALL. Would it be reasonable not to show the warning in this case? ## - -When choosing between being neat and being safe, we lean toward the -latter. So the answer is that we think it's better to show the -warning. - -Often people write `ON_CALL`s in the mock object's -constructor or `SetUp()`, as the default behavior rarely changes from -test to test. Then in the test body they set the expectations, which -are often different for each test. Having an `ON_CALL` in the set-up -part of a test doesn't mean that the calls are expected. If there's -no `EXPECT_CALL` and the method is called, it's possibly an error. If -we quietly let the call go through without notifying the user, bugs -may creep in unnoticed. - -If, however, you are sure that the calls are OK, you can write - -``` -EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(_)) - .WillRepeatedly(...); -``` - -instead of - -``` -ON_CALL(foo, Bar(_)) - .WillByDefault(...); -``` - -This tells Google Mock that you do expect the calls and no warning should be -printed. - -Also, you can control the verbosity using the `--gmock_verbose` flag. -If you find the output too noisy when debugging, just choose a less -verbose level. - -## How can I delete the mock function's argument in an action? ## - -If you find yourself needing to perform some action that's not -supported by Google Mock directly, remember that you can define your own -actions using -[MakeAction()](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/V1_6_CookBook#Writing_New_Actions) or -[MakePolymorphicAction()](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/V1_6_CookBook#Writing_New_Polymorphic_Actions), -or you can write a stub function and invoke it using -[Invoke()](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/V1_6_CookBook#Using_Functions_Methods_Functors). - -## MOCK\_METHODn()'s second argument looks funny. Why don't you use the MOCK\_METHODn(Method, return\_type, arg\_1, ..., arg\_n) syntax? ## - -What?! I think it's beautiful. :-) - -While which syntax looks more natural is a subjective matter to some -extent, Google Mock's syntax was chosen for several practical advantages it -has. - -Try to mock a function that takes a map as an argument: -``` -virtual int GetSize(const map& m); -``` - -Using the proposed syntax, it would be: -``` -MOCK_METHOD1(GetSize, int, const map& m); -``` - -Guess what? You'll get a compiler error as the compiler thinks that -`const map& m` are **two**, not one, arguments. To work -around this you can use `typedef` to give the map type a name, but -that gets in the way of your work. Google Mock's syntax avoids this -problem as the function's argument types are protected inside a pair -of parentheses: -``` -// This compiles fine. -MOCK_METHOD1(GetSize, int(const map& m)); -``` - -You still need a `typedef` if the return type contains an unprotected -comma, but that's much rarer. - -Other advantages include: - 1. `MOCK_METHOD1(Foo, int, bool)` can leave a reader wonder whether the method returns `int` or `bool`, while there won't be such confusion using Google Mock's syntax. - 1. The way Google Mock describes a function type is nothing new, although many people may not be familiar with it. The same syntax was used in C, and the `function` library in `tr1` uses this syntax extensively. Since `tr1` will become a part of the new version of STL, we feel very comfortable to be consistent with it. - 1. The function type syntax is also used in other parts of Google Mock's API (e.g. the action interface) in order to make the implementation tractable. A user needs to learn it anyway in order to utilize Google Mock's more advanced features. We'd as well stick to the same syntax in `MOCK_METHOD*`! - -## My code calls a static/global function. Can I mock it? ## - -You can, but you need to make some changes. - -In general, if you find yourself needing to mock a static function, -it's a sign that your modules are too tightly coupled (and less -flexible, less reusable, less testable, etc). You are probably better -off defining a small interface and call the function through that -interface, which then can be easily mocked. It's a bit of work -initially, but usually pays for itself quickly. - -This Google Testing Blog -[post](http://googletesting.blogspot.com/2008/06/defeat-static-cling.html) -says it excellently. Check it out. - -## My mock object needs to do complex stuff. It's a lot of pain to specify the actions. Google Mock sucks! ## - -I know it's not a question, but you get an answer for free any way. :-) - -With Google Mock, you can create mocks in C++ easily. And people might be -tempted to use them everywhere. Sometimes they work great, and -sometimes you may find them, well, a pain to use. So, what's wrong in -the latter case? - -When you write a test without using mocks, you exercise the code and -assert that it returns the correct value or that the system is in an -expected state. This is sometimes called "state-based testing". - -Mocks are great for what some call "interaction-based" testing: -instead of checking the system state at the very end, mock objects -verify that they are invoked the right way and report an error as soon -as it arises, giving you a handle on the precise context in which the -error was triggered. This is often more effective and economical to -do than state-based testing. - -If you are doing state-based testing and using a test double just to -simulate the real object, you are probably better off using a fake. -Using a mock in this case causes pain, as it's not a strong point for -mocks to perform complex actions. If you experience this and think -that mocks suck, you are just not using the right tool for your -problem. Or, you might be trying to solve the wrong problem. :-) - -## I got a warning "Uninteresting function call encountered - default action taken.." Should I panic? ## - -By all means, NO! It's just an FYI. - -What it means is that you have a mock function, you haven't set any -expectations on it (by Google Mock's rule this means that you are not -interested in calls to this function and therefore it can be called -any number of times), and it is called. That's OK - you didn't say -it's not OK to call the function! - -What if you actually meant to disallow this function to be called, but -forgot to write `EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar()).Times(0)`? While -one can argue that it's the user's fault, Google Mock tries to be nice and -prints you a note. - -So, when you see the message and believe that there shouldn't be any -uninteresting calls, you should investigate what's going on. To make -your life easier, Google Mock prints the function name and arguments -when an uninteresting call is encountered. - -## I want to define a custom action. Should I use Invoke() or implement the action interface? ## - -Either way is fine - you want to choose the one that's more convenient -for your circumstance. - -Usually, if your action is for a particular function type, defining it -using `Invoke()` should be easier; if your action can be used in -functions of different types (e.g. if you are defining -`Return(value)`), `MakePolymorphicAction()` is -easiest. Sometimes you want precise control on what types of -functions the action can be used in, and implementing -`ActionInterface` is the way to go here. See the implementation of -`Return()` in `include/gmock/gmock-actions.h` for an example. - -## I'm using the set-argument-pointee action, and the compiler complains about "conflicting return type specified". What does it mean? ## - -You got this error as Google Mock has no idea what value it should return -when the mock method is called. `SetArgPointee()` says what the -side effect is, but doesn't say what the return value should be. You -need `DoAll()` to chain a `SetArgPointee()` with a `Return()`. - -See this [recipe](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/V1_6_CookBook#Mocking_Side_Effects) for more details and an example. - - -## My question is not in your FAQ! ## - -If you cannot find the answer to your question in this FAQ, there are -some other resources you can use: - - 1. read other [wiki pages](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/w/list), - 1. search the mailing list [archive](http://groups.google.com/group/googlemock/topics), - 1. ask it on [googlemock@googlegroups.com](mailto:googlemock@googlegroups.com) and someone will answer it (to prevent spam, we require you to join the [discussion group](http://groups.google.com/group/googlemock) before you can post.). - -Please note that creating an issue in the -[issue tracker](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/issues/list) is _not_ -a good way to get your answer, as it is monitored infrequently by a -very small number of people. - -When asking a question, it's helpful to provide as much of the -following information as possible (people cannot help you if there's -not enough information in your question): - - * the version (or the revision number if you check out from SVN directly) of Google Mock you use (Google Mock is under active development, so it's possible that your problem has been solved in a later version), - * your operating system, - * the name and version of your compiler, - * the complete command line flags you give to your compiler, - * the complete compiler error messages (if the question is about compilation), - * the _actual_ code (ideally, a minimal but complete program) that has the problem you encounter. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/v1_7/CheatSheet.md b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/v1_7/CheatSheet.md deleted file mode 100644 index db421e5..0000000 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/v1_7/CheatSheet.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,556 +0,0 @@ - - -# Defining a Mock Class # - -## Mocking a Normal Class ## - -Given -``` -class Foo { - ... - virtual ~Foo(); - virtual int GetSize() const = 0; - virtual string Describe(const char* name) = 0; - virtual string Describe(int type) = 0; - virtual bool Process(Bar elem, int count) = 0; -}; -``` -(note that `~Foo()` **must** be virtual) we can define its mock as -``` -#include "gmock/gmock.h" - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(GetSize, int()); - MOCK_METHOD1(Describe, string(const char* name)); - MOCK_METHOD1(Describe, string(int type)); - MOCK_METHOD2(Process, bool(Bar elem, int count)); -}; -``` - -To create a "nice" mock object which ignores all uninteresting calls, -or a "strict" mock object, which treats them as failures: -``` -NiceMock nice_foo; // The type is a subclass of MockFoo. -StrictMock strict_foo; // The type is a subclass of MockFoo. -``` - -## Mocking a Class Template ## - -To mock -``` -template -class StackInterface { - public: - ... - virtual ~StackInterface(); - virtual int GetSize() const = 0; - virtual void Push(const Elem& x) = 0; -}; -``` -(note that `~StackInterface()` **must** be virtual) just append `_T` to the `MOCK_*` macros: -``` -template -class MockStack : public StackInterface { - public: - ... - MOCK_CONST_METHOD0_T(GetSize, int()); - MOCK_METHOD1_T(Push, void(const Elem& x)); -}; -``` - -## Specifying Calling Conventions for Mock Functions ## - -If your mock function doesn't use the default calling convention, you -can specify it by appending `_WITH_CALLTYPE` to any of the macros -described in the previous two sections and supplying the calling -convention as the first argument to the macro. For example, -``` - MOCK_METHOD_1_WITH_CALLTYPE(STDMETHODCALLTYPE, Foo, bool(int n)); - MOCK_CONST_METHOD2_WITH_CALLTYPE(STDMETHODCALLTYPE, Bar, int(double x, double y)); -``` -where `STDMETHODCALLTYPE` is defined by `` on Windows. - -# Using Mocks in Tests # - -The typical flow is: - 1. Import the Google Mock names you need to use. All Google Mock names are in the `testing` namespace unless they are macros or otherwise noted. - 1. Create the mock objects. - 1. Optionally, set the default actions of the mock objects. - 1. Set your expectations on the mock objects (How will they be called? What wil they do?). - 1. Exercise code that uses the mock objects; if necessary, check the result using [Google Test](http://code.google.com/p/googletest/) assertions. - 1. When a mock objects is destructed, Google Mock automatically verifies that all expectations on it have been satisfied. - -Here is an example: -``` -using ::testing::Return; // #1 - -TEST(BarTest, DoesThis) { - MockFoo foo; // #2 - - ON_CALL(foo, GetSize()) // #3 - .WillByDefault(Return(1)); - // ... other default actions ... - - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Describe(5)) // #4 - .Times(3) - .WillRepeatedly(Return("Category 5")); - // ... other expectations ... - - EXPECT_EQ("good", MyProductionFunction(&foo)); // #5 -} // #6 -``` - -# Setting Default Actions # - -Google Mock has a **built-in default action** for any function that -returns `void`, `bool`, a numeric value, or a pointer. - -To customize the default action for functions with return type `T` globally: -``` -using ::testing::DefaultValue; - -DefaultValue::Set(value); // Sets the default value to be returned. -// ... use the mocks ... -DefaultValue::Clear(); // Resets the default value. -``` - -To customize the default action for a particular method, use `ON_CALL()`: -``` -ON_CALL(mock_object, method(matchers)) - .With(multi_argument_matcher) ? - .WillByDefault(action); -``` - -# Setting Expectations # - -`EXPECT_CALL()` sets **expectations** on a mock method (How will it be -called? What will it do?): -``` -EXPECT_CALL(mock_object, method(matchers)) - .With(multi_argument_matcher) ? - .Times(cardinality) ? - .InSequence(sequences) * - .After(expectations) * - .WillOnce(action) * - .WillRepeatedly(action) ? - .RetiresOnSaturation(); ? -``` - -If `Times()` is omitted, the cardinality is assumed to be: - - * `Times(1)` when there is neither `WillOnce()` nor `WillRepeatedly()`; - * `Times(n)` when there are `n WillOnce()`s but no `WillRepeatedly()`, where `n` >= 1; or - * `Times(AtLeast(n))` when there are `n WillOnce()`s and a `WillRepeatedly()`, where `n` >= 0. - -A method with no `EXPECT_CALL()` is free to be invoked _any number of times_, and the default action will be taken each time. - -# Matchers # - -A **matcher** matches a _single_ argument. You can use it inside -`ON_CALL()` or `EXPECT_CALL()`, or use it to validate a value -directly: - -| `EXPECT_THAT(value, matcher)` | Asserts that `value` matches `matcher`. | -|:------------------------------|:----------------------------------------| -| `ASSERT_THAT(value, matcher)` | The same as `EXPECT_THAT(value, matcher)`, except that it generates a **fatal** failure. | - -Built-in matchers (where `argument` is the function argument) are -divided into several categories: - -## Wildcard ## -|`_`|`argument` can be any value of the correct type.| -|:--|:-----------------------------------------------| -|`A()` or `An()`|`argument` can be any value of type `type`. | - -## Generic Comparison ## - -|`Eq(value)` or `value`|`argument == value`| -|:---------------------|:------------------| -|`Ge(value)` |`argument >= value`| -|`Gt(value)` |`argument > value` | -|`Le(value)` |`argument <= value`| -|`Lt(value)` |`argument < value` | -|`Ne(value)` |`argument != value`| -|`IsNull()` |`argument` is a `NULL` pointer (raw or smart).| -|`NotNull()` |`argument` is a non-null pointer (raw or smart).| -|`Ref(variable)` |`argument` is a reference to `variable`.| -|`TypedEq(value)`|`argument` has type `type` and is equal to `value`. You may need to use this instead of `Eq(value)` when the mock function is overloaded.| - -Except `Ref()`, these matchers make a _copy_ of `value` in case it's -modified or destructed later. If the compiler complains that `value` -doesn't have a public copy constructor, try wrap it in `ByRef()`, -e.g. `Eq(ByRef(non_copyable_value))`. If you do that, make sure -`non_copyable_value` is not changed afterwards, or the meaning of your -matcher will be changed. - -## Floating-Point Matchers ## - -|`DoubleEq(a_double)`|`argument` is a `double` value approximately equal to `a_double`, treating two NaNs as unequal.| -|:-------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| -|`FloatEq(a_float)` |`argument` is a `float` value approximately equal to `a_float`, treating two NaNs as unequal. | -|`NanSensitiveDoubleEq(a_double)`|`argument` is a `double` value approximately equal to `a_double`, treating two NaNs as equal. | -|`NanSensitiveFloatEq(a_float)`|`argument` is a `float` value approximately equal to `a_float`, treating two NaNs as equal. | - -The above matchers use ULP-based comparison (the same as used in -[Google Test](http://code.google.com/p/googletest/)). They -automatically pick a reasonable error bound based on the absolute -value of the expected value. `DoubleEq()` and `FloatEq()` conform to -the IEEE standard, which requires comparing two NaNs for equality to -return false. The `NanSensitive*` version instead treats two NaNs as -equal, which is often what a user wants. - -|`DoubleNear(a_double, max_abs_error)`|`argument` is a `double` value close to `a_double` (absolute error <= `max_abs_error`), treating two NaNs as unequal.| -|:------------------------------------|:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| -|`FloatNear(a_float, max_abs_error)` |`argument` is a `float` value close to `a_float` (absolute error <= `max_abs_error`), treating two NaNs as unequal. | -|`NanSensitiveDoubleNear(a_double, max_abs_error)`|`argument` is a `double` value close to `a_double` (absolute error <= `max_abs_error`), treating two NaNs as equal. | -|`NanSensitiveFloatNear(a_float, max_abs_error)`|`argument` is a `float` value close to `a_float` (absolute error <= `max_abs_error`), treating two NaNs as equal. | - -## String Matchers ## - -The `argument` can be either a C string or a C++ string object: - -|`ContainsRegex(string)`|`argument` matches the given regular expression.| -|:----------------------|:-----------------------------------------------| -|`EndsWith(suffix)` |`argument` ends with string `suffix`. | -|`HasSubstr(string)` |`argument` contains `string` as a sub-string. | -|`MatchesRegex(string)` |`argument` matches the given regular expression with the match starting at the first character and ending at the last character.| -|`StartsWith(prefix)` |`argument` starts with string `prefix`. | -|`StrCaseEq(string)` |`argument` is equal to `string`, ignoring case. | -|`StrCaseNe(string)` |`argument` is not equal to `string`, ignoring case.| -|`StrEq(string)` |`argument` is equal to `string`. | -|`StrNe(string)` |`argument` is not equal to `string`. | - -`ContainsRegex()` and `MatchesRegex()` use the regular expression -syntax defined -[here](http://code.google.com/p/googletest/wiki/AdvancedGuide#Regular_Expression_Syntax). -`StrCaseEq()`, `StrCaseNe()`, `StrEq()`, and `StrNe()` work for wide -strings as well. - -## Container Matchers ## - -Most STL-style containers support `==`, so you can use -`Eq(expected_container)` or simply `expected_container` to match a -container exactly. If you want to write the elements in-line, -match them more flexibly, or get more informative messages, you can use: - -| `ContainerEq(container)` | The same as `Eq(container)` except that the failure message also includes which elements are in one container but not the other. | -|:-------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| -| `Contains(e)` | `argument` contains an element that matches `e`, which can be either a value or a matcher. | -| `Each(e)` | `argument` is a container where _every_ element matches `e`, which can be either a value or a matcher. | -| `ElementsAre(e0, e1, ..., en)` | `argument` has `n + 1` elements, where the i-th element matches `ei`, which can be a value or a matcher. 0 to 10 arguments are allowed. | -| `ElementsAreArray({ e0, e1, ..., en })`, `ElementsAreArray(array)`, or `ElementsAreArray(array, count)` | The same as `ElementsAre()` except that the expected element values/matchers come from an initializer list, vector, or C-style array. | -| `IsEmpty()` | `argument` is an empty container (`container.empty()`). | -| `Pointwise(m, container)` | `argument` contains the same number of elements as in `container`, and for all i, (the i-th element in `argument`, the i-th element in `container`) match `m`, which is a matcher on 2-tuples. E.g. `Pointwise(Le(), upper_bounds)` verifies that each element in `argument` doesn't exceed the corresponding element in `upper_bounds`. See more detail below. | -| `SizeIs(m)` | `argument` is a container whose size matches `m`. E.g. `SizeIs(2)` or `SizeIs(Lt(2))`. | -| `UnorderedElementsAre(e0, e1, ..., en)` | `argument` has `n + 1` elements, and under some permutation each element matches an `ei` (for a different `i`), which can be a value or a matcher. 0 to 10 arguments are allowed. | -| `UnorderedElementsAreArray({ e0, e1, ..., en })`, `UnorderedElementsAreArray(array)`, or `UnorderedElementsAreArray(array, count)` | The same as `UnorderedElementsAre()` except that the expected element values/matchers come from an initializer list, vector, or C-style array. | -| `WhenSorted(m)` | When `argument` is sorted using the `<` operator, it matches container matcher `m`. E.g. `WhenSorted(UnorderedElementsAre(1, 2, 3))` verifies that `argument` contains elements `1`, `2`, and `3`, ignoring order. | -| `WhenSortedBy(comparator, m)` | The same as `WhenSorted(m)`, except that the given comparator instead of `<` is used to sort `argument`. E.g. `WhenSortedBy(std::greater(), ElementsAre(3, 2, 1))`. | - -Notes: - - * These matchers can also match: - 1. a native array passed by reference (e.g. in `Foo(const int (&a)[5])`), and - 1. an array passed as a pointer and a count (e.g. in `Bar(const T* buffer, int len)` -- see [Multi-argument Matchers](#Multiargument_Matchers.md)). - * The array being matched may be multi-dimensional (i.e. its elements can be arrays). - * `m` in `Pointwise(m, ...)` should be a matcher for `std::tr1::tuple` where `T` and `U` are the element type of the actual container and the expected container, respectively. For example, to compare two `Foo` containers where `Foo` doesn't support `operator==` but has an `Equals()` method, one might write: - -``` -using ::std::tr1::get; -MATCHER(FooEq, "") { - return get<0>(arg).Equals(get<1>(arg)); -} -... -EXPECT_THAT(actual_foos, Pointwise(FooEq(), expected_foos)); -``` - -## Member Matchers ## - -|`Field(&class::field, m)`|`argument.field` (or `argument->field` when `argument` is a plain pointer) matches matcher `m`, where `argument` is an object of type _class_.| -|:------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| -|`Key(e)` |`argument.first` matches `e`, which can be either a value or a matcher. E.g. `Contains(Key(Le(5)))` can verify that a `map` contains a key `<= 5`.| -|`Pair(m1, m2)` |`argument` is an `std::pair` whose `first` field matches `m1` and `second` field matches `m2`. | -|`Property(&class::property, m)`|`argument.property()` (or `argument->property()` when `argument` is a plain pointer) matches matcher `m`, where `argument` is an object of type _class_.| - -## Matching the Result of a Function or Functor ## - -|`ResultOf(f, m)`|`f(argument)` matches matcher `m`, where `f` is a function or functor.| -|:---------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------| - -## Pointer Matchers ## - -|`Pointee(m)`|`argument` (either a smart pointer or a raw pointer) points to a value that matches matcher `m`.| -|:-----------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| - -## Multiargument Matchers ## - -Technically, all matchers match a _single_ value. A "multi-argument" -matcher is just one that matches a _tuple_. The following matchers can -be used to match a tuple `(x, y)`: - -|`Eq()`|`x == y`| -|:-----|:-------| -|`Ge()`|`x >= y`| -|`Gt()`|`x > y` | -|`Le()`|`x <= y`| -|`Lt()`|`x < y` | -|`Ne()`|`x != y`| - -You can use the following selectors to pick a subset of the arguments -(or reorder them) to participate in the matching: - -|`AllArgs(m)`|Equivalent to `m`. Useful as syntactic sugar in `.With(AllArgs(m))`.| -|:-----------|:-------------------------------------------------------------------| -|`Args(m)`|The tuple of the `k` selected (using 0-based indices) arguments matches `m`, e.g. `Args<1, 2>(Eq())`.| - -## Composite Matchers ## - -You can make a matcher from one or more other matchers: - -|`AllOf(m1, m2, ..., mn)`|`argument` matches all of the matchers `m1` to `mn`.| -|:-----------------------|:---------------------------------------------------| -|`AnyOf(m1, m2, ..., mn)`|`argument` matches at least one of the matchers `m1` to `mn`.| -|`Not(m)` |`argument` doesn't match matcher `m`. | - -## Adapters for Matchers ## - -|`MatcherCast(m)`|casts matcher `m` to type `Matcher`.| -|:------------------|:--------------------------------------| -|`SafeMatcherCast(m)`| [safely casts](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/V1_7_CookBook#Casting_Matchers) matcher `m` to type `Matcher`. | -|`Truly(predicate)` |`predicate(argument)` returns something considered by C++ to be true, where `predicate` is a function or functor.| - -## Matchers as Predicates ## - -|`Matches(m)(value)`|evaluates to `true` if `value` matches `m`. You can use `Matches(m)` alone as a unary functor.| -|:------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| -|`ExplainMatchResult(m, value, result_listener)`|evaluates to `true` if `value` matches `m`, explaining the result to `result_listener`. | -|`Value(value, m)` |evaluates to `true` if `value` matches `m`. | - -## Defining Matchers ## - -| `MATCHER(IsEven, "") { return (arg % 2) == 0; }` | Defines a matcher `IsEven()` to match an even number. | -|:-------------------------------------------------|:------------------------------------------------------| -| `MATCHER_P(IsDivisibleBy, n, "") { *result_listener << "where the remainder is " << (arg % n); return (arg % n) == 0; }` | Defines a macher `IsDivisibleBy(n)` to match a number divisible by `n`. | -| `MATCHER_P2(IsBetween, a, b, std::string(negation ? "isn't" : "is") + " between " + PrintToString(a) + " and " + PrintToString(b)) { return a <= arg && arg <= b; }` | Defines a matcher `IsBetween(a, b)` to match a value in the range [`a`, `b`]. | - -**Notes:** - - 1. The `MATCHER*` macros cannot be used inside a function or class. - 1. The matcher body must be _purely functional_ (i.e. it cannot have any side effect, and the result must not depend on anything other than the value being matched and the matcher parameters). - 1. You can use `PrintToString(x)` to convert a value `x` of any type to a string. - -## Matchers as Test Assertions ## - -|`ASSERT_THAT(expression, m)`|Generates a [fatal failure](http://code.google.com/p/googletest/wiki/Primer#Assertions) if the value of `expression` doesn't match matcher `m`.| -|:---------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| -|`EXPECT_THAT(expression, m)`|Generates a non-fatal failure if the value of `expression` doesn't match matcher `m`. | - -# Actions # - -**Actions** specify what a mock function should do when invoked. - -## Returning a Value ## - -|`Return()`|Return from a `void` mock function.| -|:---------|:----------------------------------| -|`Return(value)`|Return `value`. If the type of `value` is different to the mock function's return type, `value` is converted to the latter type at the time the expectation is set, not when the action is executed.| -|`ReturnArg()`|Return the `N`-th (0-based) argument.| -|`ReturnNew(a1, ..., ak)`|Return `new T(a1, ..., ak)`; a different object is created each time.| -|`ReturnNull()`|Return a null pointer. | -|`ReturnPointee(ptr)`|Return the value pointed to by `ptr`.| -|`ReturnRef(variable)`|Return a reference to `variable`. | -|`ReturnRefOfCopy(value)`|Return a reference to a copy of `value`; the copy lives as long as the action.| - -## Side Effects ## - -|`Assign(&variable, value)`|Assign `value` to variable.| -|:-------------------------|:--------------------------| -| `DeleteArg()` | Delete the `N`-th (0-based) argument, which must be a pointer. | -| `SaveArg(pointer)` | Save the `N`-th (0-based) argument to `*pointer`. | -| `SaveArgPointee(pointer)` | Save the value pointed to by the `N`-th (0-based) argument to `*pointer`. | -| `SetArgReferee(value)` | Assign value to the variable referenced by the `N`-th (0-based) argument. | -|`SetArgPointee(value)` |Assign `value` to the variable pointed by the `N`-th (0-based) argument.| -|`SetArgumentPointee(value)`|Same as `SetArgPointee(value)`. Deprecated. Will be removed in v1.7.0.| -|`SetArrayArgument(first, last)`|Copies the elements in source range [`first`, `last`) to the array pointed to by the `N`-th (0-based) argument, which can be either a pointer or an iterator. The action does not take ownership of the elements in the source range.| -|`SetErrnoAndReturn(error, value)`|Set `errno` to `error` and return `value`.| -|`Throw(exception)` |Throws the given exception, which can be any copyable value. Available since v1.1.0.| - -## Using a Function or a Functor as an Action ## - -|`Invoke(f)`|Invoke `f` with the arguments passed to the mock function, where `f` can be a global/static function or a functor.| -|:----------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| -|`Invoke(object_pointer, &class::method)`|Invoke the {method on the object with the arguments passed to the mock function. | -|`InvokeWithoutArgs(f)`|Invoke `f`, which can be a global/static function or a functor. `f` must take no arguments. | -|`InvokeWithoutArgs(object_pointer, &class::method)`|Invoke the method on the object, which takes no arguments. | -|`InvokeArgument(arg1, arg2, ..., argk)`|Invoke the mock function's `N`-th (0-based) argument, which must be a function or a functor, with the `k` arguments.| - -The return value of the invoked function is used as the return value -of the action. - -When defining a function or functor to be used with `Invoke*()`, you can declare any unused parameters as `Unused`: -``` - double Distance(Unused, double x, double y) { return sqrt(x*x + y*y); } - ... - EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo("Hi", _, _)).WillOnce(Invoke(Distance)); -``` - -In `InvokeArgument(...)`, if an argument needs to be passed by reference, wrap it inside `ByRef()`. For example, -``` - InvokeArgument<2>(5, string("Hi"), ByRef(foo)) -``` -calls the mock function's #2 argument, passing to it `5` and `string("Hi")` by value, and `foo` by reference. - -## Default Action ## - -|`DoDefault()`|Do the default action (specified by `ON_CALL()` or the built-in one).| -|:------------|:--------------------------------------------------------------------| - -**Note:** due to technical reasons, `DoDefault()` cannot be used inside a composite action - trying to do so will result in a run-time error. - -## Composite Actions ## - -|`DoAll(a1, a2, ..., an)`|Do all actions `a1` to `an` and return the result of `an` in each invocation. The first `n - 1` sub-actions must return void. | -|:-----------------------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| -|`IgnoreResult(a)` |Perform action `a` and ignore its result. `a` must not return void. | -|`WithArg(a)` |Pass the `N`-th (0-based) argument of the mock function to action `a` and perform it. | -|`WithArgs(a)`|Pass the selected (0-based) arguments of the mock function to action `a` and perform it. | -|`WithoutArgs(a)` |Perform action `a` without any arguments. | - -## Defining Actions ## - -| `ACTION(Sum) { return arg0 + arg1; }` | Defines an action `Sum()` to return the sum of the mock function's argument #0 and #1. | -|:--------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| -| `ACTION_P(Plus, n) { return arg0 + n; }` | Defines an action `Plus(n)` to return the sum of the mock function's argument #0 and `n`. | -| `ACTION_Pk(Foo, p1, ..., pk) { statements; }` | Defines a parameterized action `Foo(p1, ..., pk)` to execute the given `statements`. | - -The `ACTION*` macros cannot be used inside a function or class. - -# Cardinalities # - -These are used in `Times()` to specify how many times a mock function will be called: - -|`AnyNumber()`|The function can be called any number of times.| -|:------------|:----------------------------------------------| -|`AtLeast(n)` |The call is expected at least `n` times. | -|`AtMost(n)` |The call is expected at most `n` times. | -|`Between(m, n)`|The call is expected between `m` and `n` (inclusive) times.| -|`Exactly(n) or n`|The call is expected exactly `n` times. In particular, the call should never happen when `n` is 0.| - -# Expectation Order # - -By default, the expectations can be matched in _any_ order. If some -or all expectations must be matched in a given order, there are two -ways to specify it. They can be used either independently or -together. - -## The After Clause ## - -``` -using ::testing::Expectation; -... -Expectation init_x = EXPECT_CALL(foo, InitX()); -Expectation init_y = EXPECT_CALL(foo, InitY()); -EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar()) - .After(init_x, init_y); -``` -says that `Bar()` can be called only after both `InitX()` and -`InitY()` have been called. - -If you don't know how many pre-requisites an expectation has when you -write it, you can use an `ExpectationSet` to collect them: - -``` -using ::testing::ExpectationSet; -... -ExpectationSet all_inits; -for (int i = 0; i < element_count; i++) { - all_inits += EXPECT_CALL(foo, InitElement(i)); -} -EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar()) - .After(all_inits); -``` -says that `Bar()` can be called only after all elements have been -initialized (but we don't care about which elements get initialized -before the others). - -Modifying an `ExpectationSet` after using it in an `.After()` doesn't -affect the meaning of the `.After()`. - -## Sequences ## - -When you have a long chain of sequential expectations, it's easier to -specify the order using **sequences**, which don't require you to given -each expectation in the chain a different name. All expected
-calls in the same sequence must occur in the order they are -specified. - -``` -using ::testing::Sequence; -Sequence s1, s2; -... -EXPECT_CALL(foo, Reset()) - .InSequence(s1, s2) - .WillOnce(Return(true)); -EXPECT_CALL(foo, GetSize()) - .InSequence(s1) - .WillOnce(Return(1)); -EXPECT_CALL(foo, Describe(A())) - .InSequence(s2) - .WillOnce(Return("dummy")); -``` -says that `Reset()` must be called before _both_ `GetSize()` _and_ -`Describe()`, and the latter two can occur in any order. - -To put many expectations in a sequence conveniently: -``` -using ::testing::InSequence; -{ - InSequence dummy; - - EXPECT_CALL(...)...; - EXPECT_CALL(...)...; - ... - EXPECT_CALL(...)...; -} -``` -says that all expected calls in the scope of `dummy` must occur in -strict order. The name `dummy` is irrelevant.) - -# Verifying and Resetting a Mock # - -Google Mock will verify the expectations on a mock object when it is destructed, or you can do it earlier: -``` -using ::testing::Mock; -... -// Verifies and removes the expectations on mock_obj; -// returns true iff successful. -Mock::VerifyAndClearExpectations(&mock_obj); -... -// Verifies and removes the expectations on mock_obj; -// also removes the default actions set by ON_CALL(); -// returns true iff successful. -Mock::VerifyAndClear(&mock_obj); -``` - -You can also tell Google Mock that a mock object can be leaked and doesn't -need to be verified: -``` -Mock::AllowLeak(&mock_obj); -``` - -# Mock Classes # - -Google Mock defines a convenient mock class template -``` -class MockFunction { - public: - MOCK_METHODn(Call, R(A1, ..., An)); -}; -``` -See this [recipe](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/V1_7_CookBook#Using_Check_Points) for one application of it. - -# Flags # - -| `--gmock_catch_leaked_mocks=0` | Don't report leaked mock objects as failures. | -|:-------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------| -| `--gmock_verbose=LEVEL` | Sets the default verbosity level (`info`, `warning`, or `error`) of Google Mock messages. | \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/v1_7/CookBook.md b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/v1_7/CookBook.md deleted file mode 100644 index 419a001..0000000 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/v1_7/CookBook.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3432 +0,0 @@ - - -You can find recipes for using Google Mock here. If you haven't yet, -please read the [ForDummies](V1_7_ForDummies.md) document first to make sure you understand -the basics. - -**Note:** Google Mock lives in the `testing` name space. For -readability, it is recommended to write `using ::testing::Foo;` once in -your file before using the name `Foo` defined by Google Mock. We omit -such `using` statements in this page for brevity, but you should do it -in your own code. - -# Creating Mock Classes # - -## Mocking Private or Protected Methods ## - -You must always put a mock method definition (`MOCK_METHOD*`) in a -`public:` section of the mock class, regardless of the method being -mocked being `public`, `protected`, or `private` in the base class. -This allows `ON_CALL` and `EXPECT_CALL` to reference the mock function -from outside of the mock class. (Yes, C++ allows a subclass to change -the access level of a virtual function in the base class.) Example: - -``` -class Foo { - public: - ... - virtual bool Transform(Gadget* g) = 0; - - protected: - virtual void Resume(); - - private: - virtual int GetTimeOut(); -}; - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - ... - MOCK_METHOD1(Transform, bool(Gadget* g)); - - // The following must be in the public section, even though the - // methods are protected or private in the base class. - MOCK_METHOD0(Resume, void()); - MOCK_METHOD0(GetTimeOut, int()); -}; -``` - -## Mocking Overloaded Methods ## - -You can mock overloaded functions as usual. No special attention is required: - -``` -class Foo { - ... - - // Must be virtual as we'll inherit from Foo. - virtual ~Foo(); - - // Overloaded on the types and/or numbers of arguments. - virtual int Add(Element x); - virtual int Add(int times, Element x); - - // Overloaded on the const-ness of this object. - virtual Bar& GetBar(); - virtual const Bar& GetBar() const; -}; - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - ... - MOCK_METHOD1(Add, int(Element x)); - MOCK_METHOD2(Add, int(int times, Element x); - - MOCK_METHOD0(GetBar, Bar&()); - MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(GetBar, const Bar&()); -}; -``` - -**Note:** if you don't mock all versions of the overloaded method, the -compiler will give you a warning about some methods in the base class -being hidden. To fix that, use `using` to bring them in scope: - -``` -class MockFoo : public Foo { - ... - using Foo::Add; - MOCK_METHOD1(Add, int(Element x)); - // We don't want to mock int Add(int times, Element x); - ... -}; -``` - -## Mocking Class Templates ## - -To mock a class template, append `_T` to the `MOCK_*` macros: - -``` -template -class StackInterface { - ... - // Must be virtual as we'll inherit from StackInterface. - virtual ~StackInterface(); - - virtual int GetSize() const = 0; - virtual void Push(const Elem& x) = 0; -}; - -template -class MockStack : public StackInterface { - ... - MOCK_CONST_METHOD0_T(GetSize, int()); - MOCK_METHOD1_T(Push, void(const Elem& x)); -}; -``` - -## Mocking Nonvirtual Methods ## - -Google Mock can mock non-virtual functions to be used in what we call _hi-perf -dependency injection_. - -In this case, instead of sharing a common base class with the real -class, your mock class will be _unrelated_ to the real class, but -contain methods with the same signatures. The syntax for mocking -non-virtual methods is the _same_ as mocking virtual methods: - -``` -// A simple packet stream class. None of its members is virtual. -class ConcretePacketStream { - public: - void AppendPacket(Packet* new_packet); - const Packet* GetPacket(size_t packet_number) const; - size_t NumberOfPackets() const; - ... -}; - -// A mock packet stream class. It inherits from no other, but defines -// GetPacket() and NumberOfPackets(). -class MockPacketStream { - public: - MOCK_CONST_METHOD1(GetPacket, const Packet*(size_t packet_number)); - MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(NumberOfPackets, size_t()); - ... -}; -``` - -Note that the mock class doesn't define `AppendPacket()`, unlike the -real class. That's fine as long as the test doesn't need to call it. - -Next, you need a way to say that you want to use -`ConcretePacketStream` in production code, and use `MockPacketStream` -in tests. Since the functions are not virtual and the two classes are -unrelated, you must specify your choice at _compile time_ (as opposed -to run time). - -One way to do it is to templatize your code that needs to use a packet -stream. More specifically, you will give your code a template type -argument for the type of the packet stream. In production, you will -instantiate your template with `ConcretePacketStream` as the type -argument. In tests, you will instantiate the same template with -`MockPacketStream`. For example, you may write: - -``` -template -void CreateConnection(PacketStream* stream) { ... } - -template -class PacketReader { - public: - void ReadPackets(PacketStream* stream, size_t packet_num); -}; -``` - -Then you can use `CreateConnection()` and -`PacketReader` in production code, and use -`CreateConnection()` and -`PacketReader` in tests. - -``` - MockPacketStream mock_stream; - EXPECT_CALL(mock_stream, ...)...; - .. set more expectations on mock_stream ... - PacketReader reader(&mock_stream); - ... exercise reader ... -``` - -## Mocking Free Functions ## - -It's possible to use Google Mock to mock a free function (i.e. a -C-style function or a static method). You just need to rewrite your -code to use an interface (abstract class). - -Instead of calling a free function (say, `OpenFile`) directly, -introduce an interface for it and have a concrete subclass that calls -the free function: - -``` -class FileInterface { - public: - ... - virtual bool Open(const char* path, const char* mode) = 0; -}; - -class File : public FileInterface { - public: - ... - virtual bool Open(const char* path, const char* mode) { - return OpenFile(path, mode); - } -}; -``` - -Your code should talk to `FileInterface` to open a file. Now it's -easy to mock out the function. - -This may seem much hassle, but in practice you often have multiple -related functions that you can put in the same interface, so the -per-function syntactic overhead will be much lower. - -If you are concerned about the performance overhead incurred by -virtual functions, and profiling confirms your concern, you can -combine this with the recipe for [mocking non-virtual methods](#Mocking_Nonvirtual_Methods.md). - -## The Nice, the Strict, and the Naggy ## - -If a mock method has no `EXPECT_CALL` spec but is called, Google Mock -will print a warning about the "uninteresting call". The rationale is: - - * New methods may be added to an interface after a test is written. We shouldn't fail a test just because a method it doesn't know about is called. - * However, this may also mean there's a bug in the test, so Google Mock shouldn't be silent either. If the user believes these calls are harmless, he can add an `EXPECT_CALL()` to suppress the warning. - -However, sometimes you may want to suppress all "uninteresting call" -warnings, while sometimes you may want the opposite, i.e. to treat all -of them as errors. Google Mock lets you make the decision on a -per-mock-object basis. - -Suppose your test uses a mock class `MockFoo`: - -``` -TEST(...) { - MockFoo mock_foo; - EXPECT_CALL(mock_foo, DoThis()); - ... code that uses mock_foo ... -} -``` - -If a method of `mock_foo` other than `DoThis()` is called, it will be -reported by Google Mock as a warning. However, if you rewrite your -test to use `NiceMock` instead, the warning will be gone, -resulting in a cleaner test output: - -``` -using ::testing::NiceMock; - -TEST(...) { - NiceMock mock_foo; - EXPECT_CALL(mock_foo, DoThis()); - ... code that uses mock_foo ... -} -``` - -`NiceMock` is a subclass of `MockFoo`, so it can be used -wherever `MockFoo` is accepted. - -It also works if `MockFoo`'s constructor takes some arguments, as -`NiceMock` "inherits" `MockFoo`'s constructors: - -``` -using ::testing::NiceMock; - -TEST(...) { - NiceMock mock_foo(5, "hi"); // Calls MockFoo(5, "hi"). - EXPECT_CALL(mock_foo, DoThis()); - ... code that uses mock_foo ... -} -``` - -The usage of `StrictMock` is similar, except that it makes all -uninteresting calls failures: - -``` -using ::testing::StrictMock; - -TEST(...) { - StrictMock mock_foo; - EXPECT_CALL(mock_foo, DoThis()); - ... code that uses mock_foo ... - - // The test will fail if a method of mock_foo other than DoThis() - // is called. -} -``` - -There are some caveats though (I don't like them just as much as the -next guy, but sadly they are side effects of C++'s limitations): - - 1. `NiceMock` and `StrictMock` only work for mock methods defined using the `MOCK_METHOD*` family of macros **directly** in the `MockFoo` class. If a mock method is defined in a **base class** of `MockFoo`, the "nice" or "strict" modifier may not affect it, depending on the compiler. In particular, nesting `NiceMock` and `StrictMock` (e.g. `NiceMock >`) is **not** supported. - 1. The constructors of the base mock (`MockFoo`) cannot have arguments passed by non-const reference, which happens to be banned by the [Google C++ style guide](http://google-styleguide.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/cppguide.xml). - 1. During the constructor or destructor of `MockFoo`, the mock object is _not_ nice or strict. This may cause surprises if the constructor or destructor calls a mock method on `this` object. (This behavior, however, is consistent with C++'s general rule: if a constructor or destructor calls a virtual method of `this` object, that method is treated as non-virtual. In other words, to the base class's constructor or destructor, `this` object behaves like an instance of the base class, not the derived class. This rule is required for safety. Otherwise a base constructor may use members of a derived class before they are initialized, or a base destructor may use members of a derived class after they have been destroyed.) - -Finally, you should be **very cautious** about when to use naggy or strict mocks, as they tend to make tests more brittle and harder to maintain. When you refactor your code without changing its externally visible behavior, ideally you should't need to update any tests. If your code interacts with a naggy mock, however, you may start to get spammed with warnings as the result of your change. Worse, if your code interacts with a strict mock, your tests may start to fail and you'll be forced to fix them. Our general recommendation is to use nice mocks (not yet the default) most of the time, use naggy mocks (the current default) when developing or debugging tests, and use strict mocks only as the last resort. - -## Simplifying the Interface without Breaking Existing Code ## - -Sometimes a method has a long list of arguments that is mostly -uninteresting. For example, - -``` -class LogSink { - public: - ... - virtual void send(LogSeverity severity, const char* full_filename, - const char* base_filename, int line, - const struct tm* tm_time, - const char* message, size_t message_len) = 0; -}; -``` - -This method's argument list is lengthy and hard to work with (let's -say that the `message` argument is not even 0-terminated). If we mock -it as is, using the mock will be awkward. If, however, we try to -simplify this interface, we'll need to fix all clients depending on -it, which is often infeasible. - -The trick is to re-dispatch the method in the mock class: - -``` -class ScopedMockLog : public LogSink { - public: - ... - virtual void send(LogSeverity severity, const char* full_filename, - const char* base_filename, int line, const tm* tm_time, - const char* message, size_t message_len) { - // We are only interested in the log severity, full file name, and - // log message. - Log(severity, full_filename, std::string(message, message_len)); - } - - // Implements the mock method: - // - // void Log(LogSeverity severity, - // const string& file_path, - // const string& message); - MOCK_METHOD3(Log, void(LogSeverity severity, const string& file_path, - const string& message)); -}; -``` - -By defining a new mock method with a trimmed argument list, we make -the mock class much more user-friendly. - -## Alternative to Mocking Concrete Classes ## - -Often you may find yourself using classes that don't implement -interfaces. In order to test your code that uses such a class (let's -call it `Concrete`), you may be tempted to make the methods of -`Concrete` virtual and then mock it. - -Try not to do that. - -Making a non-virtual function virtual is a big decision. It creates an -extension point where subclasses can tweak your class' behavior. This -weakens your control on the class because now it's harder to maintain -the class' invariants. You should make a function virtual only when -there is a valid reason for a subclass to override it. - -Mocking concrete classes directly is problematic as it creates a tight -coupling between the class and the tests - any small change in the -class may invalidate your tests and make test maintenance a pain. - -To avoid such problems, many programmers have been practicing "coding -to interfaces": instead of talking to the `Concrete` class, your code -would define an interface and talk to it. Then you implement that -interface as an adaptor on top of `Concrete`. In tests, you can easily -mock that interface to observe how your code is doing. - -This technique incurs some overhead: - - * You pay the cost of virtual function calls (usually not a problem). - * There is more abstraction for the programmers to learn. - -However, it can also bring significant benefits in addition to better -testability: - - * `Concrete`'s API may not fit your problem domain very well, as you may not be the only client it tries to serve. By designing your own interface, you have a chance to tailor it to your need - you may add higher-level functionalities, rename stuff, etc instead of just trimming the class. This allows you to write your code (user of the interface) in a more natural way, which means it will be more readable, more maintainable, and you'll be more productive. - * If `Concrete`'s implementation ever has to change, you don't have to rewrite everywhere it is used. Instead, you can absorb the change in your implementation of the interface, and your other code and tests will be insulated from this change. - -Some people worry that if everyone is practicing this technique, they -will end up writing lots of redundant code. This concern is totally -understandable. However, there are two reasons why it may not be the -case: - - * Different projects may need to use `Concrete` in different ways, so the best interfaces for them will be different. Therefore, each of them will have its own domain-specific interface on top of `Concrete`, and they will not be the same code. - * If enough projects want to use the same interface, they can always share it, just like they have been sharing `Concrete`. You can check in the interface and the adaptor somewhere near `Concrete` (perhaps in a `contrib` sub-directory) and let many projects use it. - -You need to weigh the pros and cons carefully for your particular -problem, but I'd like to assure you that the Java community has been -practicing this for a long time and it's a proven effective technique -applicable in a wide variety of situations. :-) - -## Delegating Calls to a Fake ## - -Some times you have a non-trivial fake implementation of an -interface. For example: - -``` -class Foo { - public: - virtual ~Foo() {} - virtual char DoThis(int n) = 0; - virtual void DoThat(const char* s, int* p) = 0; -}; - -class FakeFoo : public Foo { - public: - virtual char DoThis(int n) { - return (n > 0) ? '+' : - (n < 0) ? '-' : '0'; - } - - virtual void DoThat(const char* s, int* p) { - *p = strlen(s); - } -}; -``` - -Now you want to mock this interface such that you can set expectations -on it. However, you also want to use `FakeFoo` for the default -behavior, as duplicating it in the mock object is, well, a lot of -work. - -When you define the mock class using Google Mock, you can have it -delegate its default action to a fake class you already have, using -this pattern: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::Invoke; - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - // Normal mock method definitions using Google Mock. - MOCK_METHOD1(DoThis, char(int n)); - MOCK_METHOD2(DoThat, void(const char* s, int* p)); - - // Delegates the default actions of the methods to a FakeFoo object. - // This must be called *before* the custom ON_CALL() statements. - void DelegateToFake() { - ON_CALL(*this, DoThis(_)) - .WillByDefault(Invoke(&fake_, &FakeFoo::DoThis)); - ON_CALL(*this, DoThat(_, _)) - .WillByDefault(Invoke(&fake_, &FakeFoo::DoThat)); - } - private: - FakeFoo fake_; // Keeps an instance of the fake in the mock. -}; -``` - -With that, you can use `MockFoo` in your tests as usual. Just remember -that if you don't explicitly set an action in an `ON_CALL()` or -`EXPECT_CALL()`, the fake will be called upon to do it: - -``` -using ::testing::_; - -TEST(AbcTest, Xyz) { - MockFoo foo; - foo.DelegateToFake(); // Enables the fake for delegation. - - // Put your ON_CALL(foo, ...)s here, if any. - - // No action specified, meaning to use the default action. - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(5)); - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThat(_, _)); - - int n = 0; - EXPECT_EQ('+', foo.DoThis(5)); // FakeFoo::DoThis() is invoked. - foo.DoThat("Hi", &n); // FakeFoo::DoThat() is invoked. - EXPECT_EQ(2, n); -} -``` - -**Some tips:** - - * If you want, you can still override the default action by providing your own `ON_CALL()` or using `.WillOnce()` / `.WillRepeatedly()` in `EXPECT_CALL()`. - * In `DelegateToFake()`, you only need to delegate the methods whose fake implementation you intend to use. - * The general technique discussed here works for overloaded methods, but you'll need to tell the compiler which version you mean. To disambiguate a mock function (the one you specify inside the parentheses of `ON_CALL()`), see the "Selecting Between Overloaded Functions" section on this page; to disambiguate a fake function (the one you place inside `Invoke()`), use a `static_cast` to specify the function's type. For instance, if class `Foo` has methods `char DoThis(int n)` and `bool DoThis(double x) const`, and you want to invoke the latter, you need to write `Invoke(&fake_, static_cast(&FakeFoo::DoThis))` instead of `Invoke(&fake_, &FakeFoo::DoThis)` (The strange-looking thing inside the angled brackets of `static_cast` is the type of a function pointer to the second `DoThis()` method.). - * Having to mix a mock and a fake is often a sign of something gone wrong. Perhaps you haven't got used to the interaction-based way of testing yet. Or perhaps your interface is taking on too many roles and should be split up. Therefore, **don't abuse this**. We would only recommend to do it as an intermediate step when you are refactoring your code. - -Regarding the tip on mixing a mock and a fake, here's an example on -why it may be a bad sign: Suppose you have a class `System` for -low-level system operations. In particular, it does file and I/O -operations. And suppose you want to test how your code uses `System` -to do I/O, and you just want the file operations to work normally. If -you mock out the entire `System` class, you'll have to provide a fake -implementation for the file operation part, which suggests that -`System` is taking on too many roles. - -Instead, you can define a `FileOps` interface and an `IOOps` interface -and split `System`'s functionalities into the two. Then you can mock -`IOOps` without mocking `FileOps`. - -## Delegating Calls to a Real Object ## - -When using testing doubles (mocks, fakes, stubs, and etc), sometimes -their behaviors will differ from those of the real objects. This -difference could be either intentional (as in simulating an error such -that you can test the error handling code) or unintentional. If your -mocks have different behaviors than the real objects by mistake, you -could end up with code that passes the tests but fails in production. - -You can use the _delegating-to-real_ technique to ensure that your -mock has the same behavior as the real object while retaining the -ability to validate calls. This technique is very similar to the -delegating-to-fake technique, the difference being that we use a real -object instead of a fake. Here's an example: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::AtLeast; -using ::testing::Invoke; - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - MockFoo() { - // By default, all calls are delegated to the real object. - ON_CALL(*this, DoThis()) - .WillByDefault(Invoke(&real_, &Foo::DoThis)); - ON_CALL(*this, DoThat(_)) - .WillByDefault(Invoke(&real_, &Foo::DoThat)); - ... - } - MOCK_METHOD0(DoThis, ...); - MOCK_METHOD1(DoThat, ...); - ... - private: - Foo real_; -}; -... - - MockFoo mock; - - EXPECT_CALL(mock, DoThis()) - .Times(3); - EXPECT_CALL(mock, DoThat("Hi")) - .Times(AtLeast(1)); - ... use mock in test ... -``` - -With this, Google Mock will verify that your code made the right calls -(with the right arguments, in the right order, called the right number -of times, etc), and a real object will answer the calls (so the -behavior will be the same as in production). This gives you the best -of both worlds. - -## Delegating Calls to a Parent Class ## - -Ideally, you should code to interfaces, whose methods are all pure -virtual. In reality, sometimes you do need to mock a virtual method -that is not pure (i.e, it already has an implementation). For example: - -``` -class Foo { - public: - virtual ~Foo(); - - virtual void Pure(int n) = 0; - virtual int Concrete(const char* str) { ... } -}; - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - // Mocking a pure method. - MOCK_METHOD1(Pure, void(int n)); - // Mocking a concrete method. Foo::Concrete() is shadowed. - MOCK_METHOD1(Concrete, int(const char* str)); -}; -``` - -Sometimes you may want to call `Foo::Concrete()` instead of -`MockFoo::Concrete()`. Perhaps you want to do it as part of a stub -action, or perhaps your test doesn't need to mock `Concrete()` at all -(but it would be oh-so painful to have to define a new mock class -whenever you don't need to mock one of its methods). - -The trick is to leave a back door in your mock class for accessing the -real methods in the base class: - -``` -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - // Mocking a pure method. - MOCK_METHOD1(Pure, void(int n)); - // Mocking a concrete method. Foo::Concrete() is shadowed. - MOCK_METHOD1(Concrete, int(const char* str)); - - // Use this to call Concrete() defined in Foo. - int FooConcrete(const char* str) { return Foo::Concrete(str); } -}; -``` - -Now, you can call `Foo::Concrete()` inside an action by: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::Invoke; -... - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Concrete(_)) - .WillOnce(Invoke(&foo, &MockFoo::FooConcrete)); -``` - -or tell the mock object that you don't want to mock `Concrete()`: - -``` -using ::testing::Invoke; -... - ON_CALL(foo, Concrete(_)) - .WillByDefault(Invoke(&foo, &MockFoo::FooConcrete)); -``` - -(Why don't we just write `Invoke(&foo, &Foo::Concrete)`? If you do -that, `MockFoo::Concrete()` will be called (and cause an infinite -recursion) since `Foo::Concrete()` is virtual. That's just how C++ -works.) - -# Using Matchers # - -## Matching Argument Values Exactly ## - -You can specify exactly which arguments a mock method is expecting: - -``` -using ::testing::Return; -... - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(5)) - .WillOnce(Return('a')); - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThat("Hello", bar)); -``` - -## Using Simple Matchers ## - -You can use matchers to match arguments that have a certain property: - -``` -using ::testing::Ge; -using ::testing::NotNull; -using ::testing::Return; -... - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(Ge(5))) // The argument must be >= 5. - .WillOnce(Return('a')); - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThat("Hello", NotNull())); - // The second argument must not be NULL. -``` - -A frequently used matcher is `_`, which matches anything: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::NotNull; -... - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThat(_, NotNull())); -``` - -## Combining Matchers ## - -You can build complex matchers from existing ones using `AllOf()`, -`AnyOf()`, and `Not()`: - -``` -using ::testing::AllOf; -using ::testing::Gt; -using ::testing::HasSubstr; -using ::testing::Ne; -using ::testing::Not; -... - // The argument must be > 5 and != 10. - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(AllOf(Gt(5), - Ne(10)))); - - // The first argument must not contain sub-string "blah". - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThat(Not(HasSubstr("blah")), - NULL)); -``` - -## Casting Matchers ## - -Google Mock matchers are statically typed, meaning that the compiler -can catch your mistake if you use a matcher of the wrong type (for -example, if you use `Eq(5)` to match a `string` argument). Good for -you! - -Sometimes, however, you know what you're doing and want the compiler -to give you some slack. One example is that you have a matcher for -`long` and the argument you want to match is `int`. While the two -types aren't exactly the same, there is nothing really wrong with -using a `Matcher` to match an `int` - after all, we can first -convert the `int` argument to a `long` before giving it to the -matcher. - -To support this need, Google Mock gives you the -`SafeMatcherCast(m)` function. It casts a matcher `m` to type -`Matcher`. To ensure safety, Google Mock checks that (let `U` be the -type `m` accepts): - - 1. Type `T` can be implicitly cast to type `U`; - 1. When both `T` and `U` are built-in arithmetic types (`bool`, integers, and floating-point numbers), the conversion from `T` to `U` is not lossy (in other words, any value representable by `T` can also be represented by `U`); and - 1. When `U` is a reference, `T` must also be a reference (as the underlying matcher may be interested in the address of the `U` value). - -The code won't compile if any of these conditions isn't met. - -Here's one example: - -``` -using ::testing::SafeMatcherCast; - -// A base class and a child class. -class Base { ... }; -class Derived : public Base { ... }; - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - MOCK_METHOD1(DoThis, void(Derived* derived)); -}; -... - - MockFoo foo; - // m is a Matcher we got from somewhere. - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(SafeMatcherCast(m))); -``` - -If you find `SafeMatcherCast(m)` too limiting, you can use a similar -function `MatcherCast(m)`. The difference is that `MatcherCast` works -as long as you can `static_cast` type `T` to type `U`. - -`MatcherCast` essentially lets you bypass C++'s type system -(`static_cast` isn't always safe as it could throw away information, -for example), so be careful not to misuse/abuse it. - -## Selecting Between Overloaded Functions ## - -If you expect an overloaded function to be called, the compiler may -need some help on which overloaded version it is. - -To disambiguate functions overloaded on the const-ness of this object, -use the `Const()` argument wrapper. - -``` -using ::testing::ReturnRef; - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - ... - MOCK_METHOD0(GetBar, Bar&()); - MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(GetBar, const Bar&()); -}; -... - - MockFoo foo; - Bar bar1, bar2; - EXPECT_CALL(foo, GetBar()) // The non-const GetBar(). - .WillOnce(ReturnRef(bar1)); - EXPECT_CALL(Const(foo), GetBar()) // The const GetBar(). - .WillOnce(ReturnRef(bar2)); -``` - -(`Const()` is defined by Google Mock and returns a `const` reference -to its argument.) - -To disambiguate overloaded functions with the same number of arguments -but different argument types, you may need to specify the exact type -of a matcher, either by wrapping your matcher in `Matcher()`, or -using a matcher whose type is fixed (`TypedEq`, `An()`, -etc): - -``` -using ::testing::An; -using ::testing::Lt; -using ::testing::Matcher; -using ::testing::TypedEq; - -class MockPrinter : public Printer { - public: - MOCK_METHOD1(Print, void(int n)); - MOCK_METHOD1(Print, void(char c)); -}; - -TEST(PrinterTest, Print) { - MockPrinter printer; - - EXPECT_CALL(printer, Print(An())); // void Print(int); - EXPECT_CALL(printer, Print(Matcher(Lt(5)))); // void Print(int); - EXPECT_CALL(printer, Print(TypedEq('a'))); // void Print(char); - - printer.Print(3); - printer.Print(6); - printer.Print('a'); -} -``` - -## Performing Different Actions Based on the Arguments ## - -When a mock method is called, the _last_ matching expectation that's -still active will be selected (think "newer overrides older"). So, you -can make a method do different things depending on its argument values -like this: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::Lt; -using ::testing::Return; -... - // The default case. - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(_)) - .WillRepeatedly(Return('b')); - - // The more specific case. - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(Lt(5))) - .WillRepeatedly(Return('a')); -``` - -Now, if `foo.DoThis()` is called with a value less than 5, `'a'` will -be returned; otherwise `'b'` will be returned. - -## Matching Multiple Arguments as a Whole ## - -Sometimes it's not enough to match the arguments individually. For -example, we may want to say that the first argument must be less than -the second argument. The `With()` clause allows us to match -all arguments of a mock function as a whole. For example, - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::Lt; -using ::testing::Ne; -... - EXPECT_CALL(foo, InRange(Ne(0), _)) - .With(Lt()); -``` - -says that the first argument of `InRange()` must not be 0, and must be -less than the second argument. - -The expression inside `With()` must be a matcher of type -`Matcher >`, where `A1`, ..., `An` are the -types of the function arguments. - -You can also write `AllArgs(m)` instead of `m` inside `.With()`. The -two forms are equivalent, but `.With(AllArgs(Lt()))` is more readable -than `.With(Lt())`. - -You can use `Args(m)` to match the `n` selected arguments -(as a tuple) against `m`. For example, - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::AllOf; -using ::testing::Args; -using ::testing::Lt; -... - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Blah(_, _, _)) - .With(AllOf(Args<0, 1>(Lt()), Args<1, 2>(Lt()))); -``` - -says that `Blah()` will be called with arguments `x`, `y`, and `z` where -`x < y < z`. - -As a convenience and example, Google Mock provides some matchers for -2-tuples, including the `Lt()` matcher above. See the [CheatSheet](V1_7_CheatSheet.md) for -the complete list. - -Note that if you want to pass the arguments to a predicate of your own -(e.g. `.With(Args<0, 1>(Truly(&MyPredicate)))`), that predicate MUST be -written to take a `tr1::tuple` as its argument; Google Mock will pass the `n` -selected arguments as _one_ single tuple to the predicate. - -## Using Matchers as Predicates ## - -Have you noticed that a matcher is just a fancy predicate that also -knows how to describe itself? Many existing algorithms take predicates -as arguments (e.g. those defined in STL's `` header), and -it would be a shame if Google Mock matchers are not allowed to -participate. - -Luckily, you can use a matcher where a unary predicate functor is -expected by wrapping it inside the `Matches()` function. For example, - -``` -#include -#include - -std::vector v; -... -// How many elements in v are >= 10? -const int count = count_if(v.begin(), v.end(), Matches(Ge(10))); -``` - -Since you can build complex matchers from simpler ones easily using -Google Mock, this gives you a way to conveniently construct composite -predicates (doing the same using STL's `` header is just -painful). For example, here's a predicate that's satisfied by any -number that is >= 0, <= 100, and != 50: - -``` -Matches(AllOf(Ge(0), Le(100), Ne(50))) -``` - -## Using Matchers in Google Test Assertions ## - -Since matchers are basically predicates that also know how to describe -themselves, there is a way to take advantage of them in -[Google Test](http://code.google.com/p/googletest/) assertions. It's -called `ASSERT_THAT` and `EXPECT_THAT`: - -``` - ASSERT_THAT(value, matcher); // Asserts that value matches matcher. - EXPECT_THAT(value, matcher); // The non-fatal version. -``` - -For example, in a Google Test test you can write: - -``` -#include "gmock/gmock.h" - -using ::testing::AllOf; -using ::testing::Ge; -using ::testing::Le; -using ::testing::MatchesRegex; -using ::testing::StartsWith; -... - - EXPECT_THAT(Foo(), StartsWith("Hello")); - EXPECT_THAT(Bar(), MatchesRegex("Line \\d+")); - ASSERT_THAT(Baz(), AllOf(Ge(5), Le(10))); -``` - -which (as you can probably guess) executes `Foo()`, `Bar()`, and -`Baz()`, and verifies that: - - * `Foo()` returns a string that starts with `"Hello"`. - * `Bar()` returns a string that matches regular expression `"Line \\d+"`. - * `Baz()` returns a number in the range [5, 10]. - -The nice thing about these macros is that _they read like -English_. They generate informative messages too. For example, if the -first `EXPECT_THAT()` above fails, the message will be something like: - -``` -Value of: Foo() - Actual: "Hi, world!" -Expected: starts with "Hello" -``` - -**Credit:** The idea of `(ASSERT|EXPECT)_THAT` was stolen from the -[Hamcrest](http://code.google.com/p/hamcrest/) project, which adds -`assertThat()` to JUnit. - -## Using Predicates as Matchers ## - -Google Mock provides a built-in set of matchers. In case you find them -lacking, you can use an arbitray unary predicate function or functor -as a matcher - as long as the predicate accepts a value of the type -you want. You do this by wrapping the predicate inside the `Truly()` -function, for example: - -``` -using ::testing::Truly; - -int IsEven(int n) { return (n % 2) == 0 ? 1 : 0; } -... - - // Bar() must be called with an even number. - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(Truly(IsEven))); -``` - -Note that the predicate function / functor doesn't have to return -`bool`. It works as long as the return value can be used as the -condition in statement `if (condition) ...`. - -## Matching Arguments that Are Not Copyable ## - -When you do an `EXPECT_CALL(mock_obj, Foo(bar))`, Google Mock saves -away a copy of `bar`. When `Foo()` is called later, Google Mock -compares the argument to `Foo()` with the saved copy of `bar`. This -way, you don't need to worry about `bar` being modified or destroyed -after the `EXPECT_CALL()` is executed. The same is true when you use -matchers like `Eq(bar)`, `Le(bar)`, and so on. - -But what if `bar` cannot be copied (i.e. has no copy constructor)? You -could define your own matcher function and use it with `Truly()`, as -the previous couple of recipes have shown. Or, you may be able to get -away from it if you can guarantee that `bar` won't be changed after -the `EXPECT_CALL()` is executed. Just tell Google Mock that it should -save a reference to `bar`, instead of a copy of it. Here's how: - -``` -using ::testing::Eq; -using ::testing::ByRef; -using ::testing::Lt; -... - // Expects that Foo()'s argument == bar. - EXPECT_CALL(mock_obj, Foo(Eq(ByRef(bar)))); - - // Expects that Foo()'s argument < bar. - EXPECT_CALL(mock_obj, Foo(Lt(ByRef(bar)))); -``` - -Remember: if you do this, don't change `bar` after the -`EXPECT_CALL()`, or the result is undefined. - -## Validating a Member of an Object ## - -Often a mock function takes a reference to object as an argument. When -matching the argument, you may not want to compare the entire object -against a fixed object, as that may be over-specification. Instead, -you may need to validate a certain member variable or the result of a -certain getter method of the object. You can do this with `Field()` -and `Property()`. More specifically, - -``` -Field(&Foo::bar, m) -``` - -is a matcher that matches a `Foo` object whose `bar` member variable -satisfies matcher `m`. - -``` -Property(&Foo::baz, m) -``` - -is a matcher that matches a `Foo` object whose `baz()` method returns -a value that satisfies matcher `m`. - -For example: - -> | `Field(&Foo::number, Ge(3))` | Matches `x` where `x.number >= 3`. | -|:-----------------------------|:-----------------------------------| -> | `Property(&Foo::name, StartsWith("John "))` | Matches `x` where `x.name()` starts with `"John "`. | - -Note that in `Property(&Foo::baz, ...)`, method `baz()` must take no -argument and be declared as `const`. - -BTW, `Field()` and `Property()` can also match plain pointers to -objects. For instance, - -``` -Field(&Foo::number, Ge(3)) -``` - -matches a plain pointer `p` where `p->number >= 3`. If `p` is `NULL`, -the match will always fail regardless of the inner matcher. - -What if you want to validate more than one members at the same time? -Remember that there is `AllOf()`. - -## Validating the Value Pointed to by a Pointer Argument ## - -C++ functions often take pointers as arguments. You can use matchers -like `IsNull()`, `NotNull()`, and other comparison matchers to match a -pointer, but what if you want to make sure the value _pointed to_ by -the pointer, instead of the pointer itself, has a certain property? -Well, you can use the `Pointee(m)` matcher. - -`Pointee(m)` matches a pointer iff `m` matches the value the pointer -points to. For example: - -``` -using ::testing::Ge; -using ::testing::Pointee; -... - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(Pointee(Ge(3)))); -``` - -expects `foo.Bar()` to be called with a pointer that points to a value -greater than or equal to 3. - -One nice thing about `Pointee()` is that it treats a `NULL` pointer as -a match failure, so you can write `Pointee(m)` instead of - -``` - AllOf(NotNull(), Pointee(m)) -``` - -without worrying that a `NULL` pointer will crash your test. - -Also, did we tell you that `Pointee()` works with both raw pointers -**and** smart pointers (`linked_ptr`, `shared_ptr`, `scoped_ptr`, and -etc)? - -What if you have a pointer to pointer? You guessed it - you can use -nested `Pointee()` to probe deeper inside the value. For example, -`Pointee(Pointee(Lt(3)))` matches a pointer that points to a pointer -that points to a number less than 3 (what a mouthful...). - -## Testing a Certain Property of an Object ## - -Sometimes you want to specify that an object argument has a certain -property, but there is no existing matcher that does this. If you want -good error messages, you should define a matcher. If you want to do it -quick and dirty, you could get away with writing an ordinary function. - -Let's say you have a mock function that takes an object of type `Foo`, -which has an `int bar()` method and an `int baz()` method, and you -want to constrain that the argument's `bar()` value plus its `baz()` -value is a given number. Here's how you can define a matcher to do it: - -``` -using ::testing::MatcherInterface; -using ::testing::MatchResultListener; - -class BarPlusBazEqMatcher : public MatcherInterface { - public: - explicit BarPlusBazEqMatcher(int expected_sum) - : expected_sum_(expected_sum) {} - - virtual bool MatchAndExplain(const Foo& foo, - MatchResultListener* listener) const { - return (foo.bar() + foo.baz()) == expected_sum_; - } - - virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const { - *os << "bar() + baz() equals " << expected_sum_; - } - - virtual void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const { - *os << "bar() + baz() does not equal " << expected_sum_; - } - private: - const int expected_sum_; -}; - -inline Matcher BarPlusBazEq(int expected_sum) { - return MakeMatcher(new BarPlusBazEqMatcher(expected_sum)); -} - -... - - EXPECT_CALL(..., DoThis(BarPlusBazEq(5)))...; -``` - -## Matching Containers ## - -Sometimes an STL container (e.g. list, vector, map, ...) is passed to -a mock function and you may want to validate it. Since most STL -containers support the `==` operator, you can write -`Eq(expected_container)` or simply `expected_container` to match a -container exactly. - -Sometimes, though, you may want to be more flexible (for example, the -first element must be an exact match, but the second element can be -any positive number, and so on). Also, containers used in tests often -have a small number of elements, and having to define the expected -container out-of-line is a bit of a hassle. - -You can use the `ElementsAre()` or `UnorderedElementsAre()` matcher in -such cases: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::ElementsAre; -using ::testing::Gt; -... - - MOCK_METHOD1(Foo, void(const vector& numbers)); -... - - EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo(ElementsAre(1, Gt(0), _, 5))); -``` - -The above matcher says that the container must have 4 elements, which -must be 1, greater than 0, anything, and 5 respectively. - -If you instead write: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::Gt; -using ::testing::UnorderedElementsAre; -... - - MOCK_METHOD1(Foo, void(const vector& numbers)); -... - - EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo(UnorderedElementsAre(1, Gt(0), _, 5))); -``` - -It means that the container must have 4 elements, which under some -permutation must be 1, greater than 0, anything, and 5 respectively. - -`ElementsAre()` and `UnorderedElementsAre()` are overloaded to take 0 -to 10 arguments. If more are needed, you can place them in a C-style -array and use `ElementsAreArray()` or `UnorderedElementsAreArray()` -instead: - -``` -using ::testing::ElementsAreArray; -... - - // ElementsAreArray accepts an array of element values. - const int expected_vector1[] = { 1, 5, 2, 4, ... }; - EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo(ElementsAreArray(expected_vector1))); - - // Or, an array of element matchers. - Matcher expected_vector2 = { 1, Gt(2), _, 3, ... }; - EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo(ElementsAreArray(expected_vector2))); -``` - -In case the array needs to be dynamically created (and therefore the -array size cannot be inferred by the compiler), you can give -`ElementsAreArray()` an additional argument to specify the array size: - -``` -using ::testing::ElementsAreArray; -... - int* const expected_vector3 = new int[count]; - ... fill expected_vector3 with values ... - EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo(ElementsAreArray(expected_vector3, count))); -``` - -**Tips:** - - * `ElementsAre*()` can be used to match _any_ container that implements the STL iterator pattern (i.e. it has a `const_iterator` type and supports `begin()/end()`), not just the ones defined in STL. It will even work with container types yet to be written - as long as they follows the above pattern. - * You can use nested `ElementsAre*()` to match nested (multi-dimensional) containers. - * If the container is passed by pointer instead of by reference, just write `Pointee(ElementsAre*(...))`. - * The order of elements _matters_ for `ElementsAre*()`. Therefore don't use it with containers whose element order is undefined (e.g. `hash_map`). - -## Sharing Matchers ## - -Under the hood, a Google Mock matcher object consists of a pointer to -a ref-counted implementation object. Copying matchers is allowed and -very efficient, as only the pointer is copied. When the last matcher -that references the implementation object dies, the implementation -object will be deleted. - -Therefore, if you have some complex matcher that you want to use again -and again, there is no need to build it everytime. Just assign it to a -matcher variable and use that variable repeatedly! For example, - -``` - Matcher in_range = AllOf(Gt(5), Le(10)); - ... use in_range as a matcher in multiple EXPECT_CALLs ... -``` - -# Setting Expectations # - -## Knowing When to Expect ## - -`ON_CALL` is likely the single most under-utilized construct in Google Mock. - -There are basically two constructs for defining the behavior of a mock object: `ON_CALL` and `EXPECT_CALL`. The difference? `ON_CALL` defines what happens when a mock method is called, but _doesn't imply any expectation on the method being called._ `EXPECT_CALL` not only defines the behavior, but also sets an expectation that _the method will be called with the given arguments, for the given number of times_ (and _in the given order_ when you specify the order too). - -Since `EXPECT_CALL` does more, isn't it better than `ON_CALL`? Not really. Every `EXPECT_CALL` adds a constraint on the behavior of the code under test. Having more constraints than necessary is _baaad_ - even worse than not having enough constraints. - -This may be counter-intuitive. How could tests that verify more be worse than tests that verify less? Isn't verification the whole point of tests? - -The answer, lies in _what_ a test should verify. **A good test verifies the contract of the code.** If a test over-specifies, it doesn't leave enough freedom to the implementation. As a result, changing the implementation without breaking the contract (e.g. refactoring and optimization), which should be perfectly fine to do, can break such tests. Then you have to spend time fixing them, only to see them broken again the next time the implementation is changed. - -Keep in mind that one doesn't have to verify more than one property in one test. In fact, **it's a good style to verify only one thing in one test.** If you do that, a bug will likely break only one or two tests instead of dozens (which case would you rather debug?). If you are also in the habit of giving tests descriptive names that tell what they verify, you can often easily guess what's wrong just from the test log itself. - -So use `ON_CALL` by default, and only use `EXPECT_CALL` when you actually intend to verify that the call is made. For example, you may have a bunch of `ON_CALL`s in your test fixture to set the common mock behavior shared by all tests in the same group, and write (scarcely) different `EXPECT_CALL`s in different `TEST_F`s to verify different aspects of the code's behavior. Compared with the style where each `TEST` has many `EXPECT_CALL`s, this leads to tests that are more resilient to implementational changes (and thus less likely to require maintenance) and makes the intent of the tests more obvious (so they are easier to maintain when you do need to maintain them). - -## Ignoring Uninteresting Calls ## - -If you are not interested in how a mock method is called, just don't -say anything about it. In this case, if the method is ever called, -Google Mock will perform its default action to allow the test program -to continue. If you are not happy with the default action taken by -Google Mock, you can override it using `DefaultValue::Set()` -(described later in this document) or `ON_CALL()`. - -Please note that once you expressed interest in a particular mock -method (via `EXPECT_CALL()`), all invocations to it must match some -expectation. If this function is called but the arguments don't match -any `EXPECT_CALL()` statement, it will be an error. - -## Disallowing Unexpected Calls ## - -If a mock method shouldn't be called at all, explicitly say so: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -... - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(_)) - .Times(0); -``` - -If some calls to the method are allowed, but the rest are not, just -list all the expected calls: - -``` -using ::testing::AnyNumber; -using ::testing::Gt; -... - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(5)); - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(Gt(10))) - .Times(AnyNumber()); -``` - -A call to `foo.Bar()` that doesn't match any of the `EXPECT_CALL()` -statements will be an error. - -## Expecting Ordered Calls ## - -Although an `EXPECT_CALL()` statement defined earlier takes precedence -when Google Mock tries to match a function call with an expectation, -by default calls don't have to happen in the order `EXPECT_CALL()` -statements are written. For example, if the arguments match the -matchers in the third `EXPECT_CALL()`, but not those in the first two, -then the third expectation will be used. - -If you would rather have all calls occur in the order of the -expectations, put the `EXPECT_CALL()` statements in a block where you -define a variable of type `InSequence`: - -``` - using ::testing::_; - using ::testing::InSequence; - - { - InSequence s; - - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(5)); - EXPECT_CALL(bar, DoThat(_)) - .Times(2); - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(6)); - } -``` - -In this example, we expect a call to `foo.DoThis(5)`, followed by two -calls to `bar.DoThat()` where the argument can be anything, which are -in turn followed by a call to `foo.DoThis(6)`. If a call occurred -out-of-order, Google Mock will report an error. - -## Expecting Partially Ordered Calls ## - -Sometimes requiring everything to occur in a predetermined order can -lead to brittle tests. For example, we may care about `A` occurring -before both `B` and `C`, but aren't interested in the relative order -of `B` and `C`. In this case, the test should reflect our real intent, -instead of being overly constraining. - -Google Mock allows you to impose an arbitrary DAG (directed acyclic -graph) on the calls. One way to express the DAG is to use the -[After](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/V1_7_CheatSheet#The_After_Clause) clause of `EXPECT_CALL`. - -Another way is via the `InSequence()` clause (not the same as the -`InSequence` class), which we borrowed from jMock 2. It's less -flexible than `After()`, but more convenient when you have long chains -of sequential calls, as it doesn't require you to come up with -different names for the expectations in the chains. Here's how it -works: - -If we view `EXPECT_CALL()` statements as nodes in a graph, and add an -edge from node A to node B wherever A must occur before B, we can get -a DAG. We use the term "sequence" to mean a directed path in this -DAG. Now, if we decompose the DAG into sequences, we just need to know -which sequences each `EXPECT_CALL()` belongs to in order to be able to -reconstruct the orginal DAG. - -So, to specify the partial order on the expectations we need to do two -things: first to define some `Sequence` objects, and then for each -`EXPECT_CALL()` say which `Sequence` objects it is part -of. Expectations in the same sequence must occur in the order they are -written. For example, - -``` - using ::testing::Sequence; - - Sequence s1, s2; - - EXPECT_CALL(foo, A()) - .InSequence(s1, s2); - EXPECT_CALL(bar, B()) - .InSequence(s1); - EXPECT_CALL(bar, C()) - .InSequence(s2); - EXPECT_CALL(foo, D()) - .InSequence(s2); -``` - -specifies the following DAG (where `s1` is `A -> B`, and `s2` is `A -> -C -> D`): - -``` - +---> B - | - A ---| - | - +---> C ---> D -``` - -This means that A must occur before B and C, and C must occur before -D. There's no restriction about the order other than these. - -## Controlling When an Expectation Retires ## - -When a mock method is called, Google Mock only consider expectations -that are still active. An expectation is active when created, and -becomes inactive (aka _retires_) when a call that has to occur later -has occurred. For example, in - -``` - using ::testing::_; - using ::testing::Sequence; - - Sequence s1, s2; - - EXPECT_CALL(log, Log(WARNING, _, "File too large.")) // #1 - .Times(AnyNumber()) - .InSequence(s1, s2); - EXPECT_CALL(log, Log(WARNING, _, "Data set is empty.")) // #2 - .InSequence(s1); - EXPECT_CALL(log, Log(WARNING, _, "User not found.")) // #3 - .InSequence(s2); -``` - -as soon as either #2 or #3 is matched, #1 will retire. If a warning -`"File too large."` is logged after this, it will be an error. - -Note that an expectation doesn't retire automatically when it's -saturated. For example, - -``` -using ::testing::_; -... - EXPECT_CALL(log, Log(WARNING, _, _)); // #1 - EXPECT_CALL(log, Log(WARNING, _, "File too large.")); // #2 -``` - -says that there will be exactly one warning with the message `"File -too large."`. If the second warning contains this message too, #2 will -match again and result in an upper-bound-violated error. - -If this is not what you want, you can ask an expectation to retire as -soon as it becomes saturated: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -... - EXPECT_CALL(log, Log(WARNING, _, _)); // #1 - EXPECT_CALL(log, Log(WARNING, _, "File too large.")) // #2 - .RetiresOnSaturation(); -``` - -Here #2 can be used only once, so if you have two warnings with the -message `"File too large."`, the first will match #2 and the second -will match #1 - there will be no error. - -# Using Actions # - -## Returning References from Mock Methods ## - -If a mock function's return type is a reference, you need to use -`ReturnRef()` instead of `Return()` to return a result: - -``` -using ::testing::ReturnRef; - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - MOCK_METHOD0(GetBar, Bar&()); -}; -... - - MockFoo foo; - Bar bar; - EXPECT_CALL(foo, GetBar()) - .WillOnce(ReturnRef(bar)); -``` - -## Returning Live Values from Mock Methods ## - -The `Return(x)` action saves a copy of `x` when the action is -_created_, and always returns the same value whenever it's -executed. Sometimes you may want to instead return the _live_ value of -`x` (i.e. its value at the time when the action is _executed_.). - -If the mock function's return type is a reference, you can do it using -`ReturnRef(x)`, as shown in the previous recipe ("Returning References -from Mock Methods"). However, Google Mock doesn't let you use -`ReturnRef()` in a mock function whose return type is not a reference, -as doing that usually indicates a user error. So, what shall you do? - -You may be tempted to try `ByRef()`: - -``` -using testing::ByRef; -using testing::Return; - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - MOCK_METHOD0(GetValue, int()); -}; -... - int x = 0; - MockFoo foo; - EXPECT_CALL(foo, GetValue()) - .WillRepeatedly(Return(ByRef(x))); - x = 42; - EXPECT_EQ(42, foo.GetValue()); -``` - -Unfortunately, it doesn't work here. The above code will fail with error: - -``` -Value of: foo.GetValue() - Actual: 0 -Expected: 42 -``` - -The reason is that `Return(value)` converts `value` to the actual -return type of the mock function at the time when the action is -_created_, not when it is _executed_. (This behavior was chosen for -the action to be safe when `value` is a proxy object that references -some temporary objects.) As a result, `ByRef(x)` is converted to an -`int` value (instead of a `const int&`) when the expectation is set, -and `Return(ByRef(x))` will always return 0. - -`ReturnPointee(pointer)` was provided to solve this problem -specifically. It returns the value pointed to by `pointer` at the time -the action is _executed_: - -``` -using testing::ReturnPointee; -... - int x = 0; - MockFoo foo; - EXPECT_CALL(foo, GetValue()) - .WillRepeatedly(ReturnPointee(&x)); // Note the & here. - x = 42; - EXPECT_EQ(42, foo.GetValue()); // This will succeed now. -``` - -## Combining Actions ## - -Want to do more than one thing when a function is called? That's -fine. `DoAll()` allow you to do sequence of actions every time. Only -the return value of the last action in the sequence will be used. - -``` -using ::testing::DoAll; - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - MOCK_METHOD1(Bar, bool(int n)); -}; -... - - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(_)) - .WillOnce(DoAll(action_1, - action_2, - ... - action_n)); -``` - -## Mocking Side Effects ## - -Sometimes a method exhibits its effect not via returning a value but -via side effects. For example, it may change some global state or -modify an output argument. To mock side effects, in general you can -define your own action by implementing `::testing::ActionInterface`. - -If all you need to do is to change an output argument, the built-in -`SetArgPointee()` action is convenient: - -``` -using ::testing::SetArgPointee; - -class MockMutator : public Mutator { - public: - MOCK_METHOD2(Mutate, void(bool mutate, int* value)); - ... -}; -... - - MockMutator mutator; - EXPECT_CALL(mutator, Mutate(true, _)) - .WillOnce(SetArgPointee<1>(5)); -``` - -In this example, when `mutator.Mutate()` is called, we will assign 5 -to the `int` variable pointed to by argument #1 -(0-based). - -`SetArgPointee()` conveniently makes an internal copy of the -value you pass to it, removing the need to keep the value in scope and -alive. The implication however is that the value must have a copy -constructor and assignment operator. - -If the mock method also needs to return a value as well, you can chain -`SetArgPointee()` with `Return()` using `DoAll()`: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::Return; -using ::testing::SetArgPointee; - -class MockMutator : public Mutator { - public: - ... - MOCK_METHOD1(MutateInt, bool(int* value)); -}; -... - - MockMutator mutator; - EXPECT_CALL(mutator, MutateInt(_)) - .WillOnce(DoAll(SetArgPointee<0>(5), - Return(true))); -``` - -If the output argument is an array, use the -`SetArrayArgument(first, last)` action instead. It copies the -elements in source range `[first, last)` to the array pointed to by -the `N`-th (0-based) argument: - -``` -using ::testing::NotNull; -using ::testing::SetArrayArgument; - -class MockArrayMutator : public ArrayMutator { - public: - MOCK_METHOD2(Mutate, void(int* values, int num_values)); - ... -}; -... - - MockArrayMutator mutator; - int values[5] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }; - EXPECT_CALL(mutator, Mutate(NotNull(), 5)) - .WillOnce(SetArrayArgument<0>(values, values + 5)); -``` - -This also works when the argument is an output iterator: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::SeArrayArgument; - -class MockRolodex : public Rolodex { - public: - MOCK_METHOD1(GetNames, void(std::back_insert_iterator >)); - ... -}; -... - - MockRolodex rolodex; - vector names; - names.push_back("George"); - names.push_back("John"); - names.push_back("Thomas"); - EXPECT_CALL(rolodex, GetNames(_)) - .WillOnce(SetArrayArgument<0>(names.begin(), names.end())); -``` - -## Changing a Mock Object's Behavior Based on the State ## - -If you expect a call to change the behavior of a mock object, you can use `::testing::InSequence` to specify different behaviors before and after the call: - -``` -using ::testing::InSequence; -using ::testing::Return; - -... - { - InSequence seq; - EXPECT_CALL(my_mock, IsDirty()) - .WillRepeatedly(Return(true)); - EXPECT_CALL(my_mock, Flush()); - EXPECT_CALL(my_mock, IsDirty()) - .WillRepeatedly(Return(false)); - } - my_mock.FlushIfDirty(); -``` - -This makes `my_mock.IsDirty()` return `true` before `my_mock.Flush()` is called and return `false` afterwards. - -If the behavior change is more complex, you can store the effects in a variable and make a mock method get its return value from that variable: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::SaveArg; -using ::testing::Return; - -ACTION_P(ReturnPointee, p) { return *p; } -... - int previous_value = 0; - EXPECT_CALL(my_mock, GetPrevValue()) - .WillRepeatedly(ReturnPointee(&previous_value)); - EXPECT_CALL(my_mock, UpdateValue(_)) - .WillRepeatedly(SaveArg<0>(&previous_value)); - my_mock.DoSomethingToUpdateValue(); -``` - -Here `my_mock.GetPrevValue()` will always return the argument of the last `UpdateValue()` call. - -## Setting the Default Value for a Return Type ## - -If a mock method's return type is a built-in C++ type or pointer, by -default it will return 0 when invoked. You only need to specify an -action if this default value doesn't work for you. - -Sometimes, you may want to change this default value, or you may want -to specify a default value for types Google Mock doesn't know -about. You can do this using the `::testing::DefaultValue` class -template: - -``` -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - MOCK_METHOD0(CalculateBar, Bar()); -}; -... - - Bar default_bar; - // Sets the default return value for type Bar. - DefaultValue::Set(default_bar); - - MockFoo foo; - - // We don't need to specify an action here, as the default - // return value works for us. - EXPECT_CALL(foo, CalculateBar()); - - foo.CalculateBar(); // This should return default_bar. - - // Unsets the default return value. - DefaultValue::Clear(); -``` - -Please note that changing the default value for a type can make you -tests hard to understand. We recommend you to use this feature -judiciously. For example, you may want to make sure the `Set()` and -`Clear()` calls are right next to the code that uses your mock. - -## Setting the Default Actions for a Mock Method ## - -You've learned how to change the default value of a given -type. However, this may be too coarse for your purpose: perhaps you -have two mock methods with the same return type and you want them to -have different behaviors. The `ON_CALL()` macro allows you to -customize your mock's behavior at the method level: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::AnyNumber; -using ::testing::Gt; -using ::testing::Return; -... - ON_CALL(foo, Sign(_)) - .WillByDefault(Return(-1)); - ON_CALL(foo, Sign(0)) - .WillByDefault(Return(0)); - ON_CALL(foo, Sign(Gt(0))) - .WillByDefault(Return(1)); - - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Sign(_)) - .Times(AnyNumber()); - - foo.Sign(5); // This should return 1. - foo.Sign(-9); // This should return -1. - foo.Sign(0); // This should return 0. -``` - -As you may have guessed, when there are more than one `ON_CALL()` -statements, the news order take precedence over the older ones. In -other words, the **last** one that matches the function arguments will -be used. This matching order allows you to set up the common behavior -in a mock object's constructor or the test fixture's set-up phase and -specialize the mock's behavior later. - -## Using Functions/Methods/Functors as Actions ## - -If the built-in actions don't suit you, you can easily use an existing -function, method, or functor as an action: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::Invoke; - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - MOCK_METHOD2(Sum, int(int x, int y)); - MOCK_METHOD1(ComplexJob, bool(int x)); -}; - -int CalculateSum(int x, int y) { return x + y; } - -class Helper { - public: - bool ComplexJob(int x); -}; -... - - MockFoo foo; - Helper helper; - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Sum(_, _)) - .WillOnce(Invoke(CalculateSum)); - EXPECT_CALL(foo, ComplexJob(_)) - .WillOnce(Invoke(&helper, &Helper::ComplexJob)); - - foo.Sum(5, 6); // Invokes CalculateSum(5, 6). - foo.ComplexJob(10); // Invokes helper.ComplexJob(10); -``` - -The only requirement is that the type of the function, etc must be -_compatible_ with the signature of the mock function, meaning that the -latter's arguments can be implicitly converted to the corresponding -arguments of the former, and the former's return type can be -implicitly converted to that of the latter. So, you can invoke -something whose type is _not_ exactly the same as the mock function, -as long as it's safe to do so - nice, huh? - -## Invoking a Function/Method/Functor Without Arguments ## - -`Invoke()` is very useful for doing actions that are more complex. It -passes the mock function's arguments to the function or functor being -invoked such that the callee has the full context of the call to work -with. If the invoked function is not interested in some or all of the -arguments, it can simply ignore them. - -Yet, a common pattern is that a test author wants to invoke a function -without the arguments of the mock function. `Invoke()` allows her to -do that using a wrapper function that throws away the arguments before -invoking an underlining nullary function. Needless to say, this can be -tedious and obscures the intent of the test. - -`InvokeWithoutArgs()` solves this problem. It's like `Invoke()` except -that it doesn't pass the mock function's arguments to the -callee. Here's an example: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::InvokeWithoutArgs; - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - MOCK_METHOD1(ComplexJob, bool(int n)); -}; - -bool Job1() { ... } -... - - MockFoo foo; - EXPECT_CALL(foo, ComplexJob(_)) - .WillOnce(InvokeWithoutArgs(Job1)); - - foo.ComplexJob(10); // Invokes Job1(). -``` - -## Invoking an Argument of the Mock Function ## - -Sometimes a mock function will receive a function pointer or a functor -(in other words, a "callable") as an argument, e.g. - -``` -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - MOCK_METHOD2(DoThis, bool(int n, bool (*fp)(int))); -}; -``` - -and you may want to invoke this callable argument: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -... - MockFoo foo; - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(_, _)) - .WillOnce(...); - // Will execute (*fp)(5), where fp is the - // second argument DoThis() receives. -``` - -Arghh, you need to refer to a mock function argument but C++ has no -lambda (yet), so you have to define your own action. :-( Or do you -really? - -Well, Google Mock has an action to solve _exactly_ this problem: - -``` - InvokeArgument(arg_1, arg_2, ..., arg_m) -``` - -will invoke the `N`-th (0-based) argument the mock function receives, -with `arg_1`, `arg_2`, ..., and `arg_m`. No matter if the argument is -a function pointer or a functor, Google Mock handles them both. - -With that, you could write: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::InvokeArgument; -... - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(_, _)) - .WillOnce(InvokeArgument<1>(5)); - // Will execute (*fp)(5), where fp is the - // second argument DoThis() receives. -``` - -What if the callable takes an argument by reference? No problem - just -wrap it inside `ByRef()`: - -``` -... - MOCK_METHOD1(Bar, bool(bool (*fp)(int, const Helper&))); -... -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::ByRef; -using ::testing::InvokeArgument; -... - - MockFoo foo; - Helper helper; - ... - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(_)) - .WillOnce(InvokeArgument<0>(5, ByRef(helper))); - // ByRef(helper) guarantees that a reference to helper, not a copy of it, - // will be passed to the callable. -``` - -What if the callable takes an argument by reference and we do **not** -wrap the argument in `ByRef()`? Then `InvokeArgument()` will _make a -copy_ of the argument, and pass a _reference to the copy_, instead of -a reference to the original value, to the callable. This is especially -handy when the argument is a temporary value: - -``` -... - MOCK_METHOD1(DoThat, bool(bool (*f)(const double& x, const string& s))); -... -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::InvokeArgument; -... - - MockFoo foo; - ... - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThat(_)) - .WillOnce(InvokeArgument<0>(5.0, string("Hi"))); - // Will execute (*f)(5.0, string("Hi")), where f is the function pointer - // DoThat() receives. Note that the values 5.0 and string("Hi") are - // temporary and dead once the EXPECT_CALL() statement finishes. Yet - // it's fine to perform this action later, since a copy of the values - // are kept inside the InvokeArgument action. -``` - -## Ignoring an Action's Result ## - -Sometimes you have an action that returns _something_, but you need an -action that returns `void` (perhaps you want to use it in a mock -function that returns `void`, or perhaps it needs to be used in -`DoAll()` and it's not the last in the list). `IgnoreResult()` lets -you do that. For example: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::Invoke; -using ::testing::Return; - -int Process(const MyData& data); -string DoSomething(); - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - MOCK_METHOD1(Abc, void(const MyData& data)); - MOCK_METHOD0(Xyz, bool()); -}; -... - - MockFoo foo; - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Abc(_)) - // .WillOnce(Invoke(Process)); - // The above line won't compile as Process() returns int but Abc() needs - // to return void. - .WillOnce(IgnoreResult(Invoke(Process))); - - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Xyz()) - .WillOnce(DoAll(IgnoreResult(Invoke(DoSomething)), - // Ignores the string DoSomething() returns. - Return(true))); -``` - -Note that you **cannot** use `IgnoreResult()` on an action that already -returns `void`. Doing so will lead to ugly compiler errors. - -## Selecting an Action's Arguments ## - -Say you have a mock function `Foo()` that takes seven arguments, and -you have a custom action that you want to invoke when `Foo()` is -called. Trouble is, the custom action only wants three arguments: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::Invoke; -... - MOCK_METHOD7(Foo, bool(bool visible, const string& name, int x, int y, - const map, double>& weight, - double min_weight, double max_wight)); -... - -bool IsVisibleInQuadrant1(bool visible, int x, int y) { - return visible && x >= 0 && y >= 0; -} -... - - EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo(_, _, _, _, _, _, _)) - .WillOnce(Invoke(IsVisibleInQuadrant1)); // Uh, won't compile. :-( -``` - -To please the compiler God, you can to define an "adaptor" that has -the same signature as `Foo()` and calls the custom action with the -right arguments: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::Invoke; - -bool MyIsVisibleInQuadrant1(bool visible, const string& name, int x, int y, - const map, double>& weight, - double min_weight, double max_wight) { - return IsVisibleInQuadrant1(visible, x, y); -} -... - - EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo(_, _, _, _, _, _, _)) - .WillOnce(Invoke(MyIsVisibleInQuadrant1)); // Now it works. -``` - -But isn't this awkward? - -Google Mock provides a generic _action adaptor_, so you can spend your -time minding more important business than writing your own -adaptors. Here's the syntax: - -``` - WithArgs(action) -``` - -creates an action that passes the arguments of the mock function at -the given indices (0-based) to the inner `action` and performs -it. Using `WithArgs`, our original example can be written as: - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::Invoke; -using ::testing::WithArgs; -... - EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo(_, _, _, _, _, _, _)) - .WillOnce(WithArgs<0, 2, 3>(Invoke(IsVisibleInQuadrant1))); - // No need to define your own adaptor. -``` - -For better readability, Google Mock also gives you: - - * `WithoutArgs(action)` when the inner `action` takes _no_ argument, and - * `WithArg(action)` (no `s` after `Arg`) when the inner `action` takes _one_ argument. - -As you may have realized, `InvokeWithoutArgs(...)` is just syntactic -sugar for `WithoutArgs(Inovke(...))`. - -Here are more tips: - - * The inner action used in `WithArgs` and friends does not have to be `Invoke()` -- it can be anything. - * You can repeat an argument in the argument list if necessary, e.g. `WithArgs<2, 3, 3, 5>(...)`. - * You can change the order of the arguments, e.g. `WithArgs<3, 2, 1>(...)`. - * The types of the selected arguments do _not_ have to match the signature of the inner action exactly. It works as long as they can be implicitly converted to the corresponding arguments of the inner action. For example, if the 4-th argument of the mock function is an `int` and `my_action` takes a `double`, `WithArg<4>(my_action)` will work. - -## Ignoring Arguments in Action Functions ## - -The selecting-an-action's-arguments recipe showed us one way to make a -mock function and an action with incompatible argument lists fit -together. The downside is that wrapping the action in -`WithArgs<...>()` can get tedious for people writing the tests. - -If you are defining a function, method, or functor to be used with -`Invoke*()`, and you are not interested in some of its arguments, an -alternative to `WithArgs` is to declare the uninteresting arguments as -`Unused`. This makes the definition less cluttered and less fragile in -case the types of the uninteresting arguments change. It could also -increase the chance the action function can be reused. For example, -given - -``` - MOCK_METHOD3(Foo, double(const string& label, double x, double y)); - MOCK_METHOD3(Bar, double(int index, double x, double y)); -``` - -instead of - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::Invoke; - -double DistanceToOriginWithLabel(const string& label, double x, double y) { - return sqrt(x*x + y*y); -} - -double DistanceToOriginWithIndex(int index, double x, double y) { - return sqrt(x*x + y*y); -} -... - - EXEPCT_CALL(mock, Foo("abc", _, _)) - .WillOnce(Invoke(DistanceToOriginWithLabel)); - EXEPCT_CALL(mock, Bar(5, _, _)) - .WillOnce(Invoke(DistanceToOriginWithIndex)); -``` - -you could write - -``` -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::Invoke; -using ::testing::Unused; - -double DistanceToOrigin(Unused, double x, double y) { - return sqrt(x*x + y*y); -} -... - - EXEPCT_CALL(mock, Foo("abc", _, _)) - .WillOnce(Invoke(DistanceToOrigin)); - EXEPCT_CALL(mock, Bar(5, _, _)) - .WillOnce(Invoke(DistanceToOrigin)); -``` - -## Sharing Actions ## - -Just like matchers, a Google Mock action object consists of a pointer -to a ref-counted implementation object. Therefore copying actions is -also allowed and very efficient. When the last action that references -the implementation object dies, the implementation object will be -deleted. - -If you have some complex action that you want to use again and again, -you may not have to build it from scratch everytime. If the action -doesn't have an internal state (i.e. if it always does the same thing -no matter how many times it has been called), you can assign it to an -action variable and use that variable repeatedly. For example: - -``` - Action set_flag = DoAll(SetArgPointee<0>(5), - Return(true)); - ... use set_flag in .WillOnce() and .WillRepeatedly() ... -``` - -However, if the action has its own state, you may be surprised if you -share the action object. Suppose you have an action factory -`IncrementCounter(init)` which creates an action that increments and -returns a counter whose initial value is `init`, using two actions -created from the same expression and using a shared action will -exihibit different behaviors. Example: - -``` - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis()) - .WillRepeatedly(IncrementCounter(0)); - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThat()) - .WillRepeatedly(IncrementCounter(0)); - foo.DoThis(); // Returns 1. - foo.DoThis(); // Returns 2. - foo.DoThat(); // Returns 1 - Blah() uses a different - // counter than Bar()'s. -``` - -versus - -``` - Action increment = IncrementCounter(0); - - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis()) - .WillRepeatedly(increment); - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThat()) - .WillRepeatedly(increment); - foo.DoThis(); // Returns 1. - foo.DoThis(); // Returns 2. - foo.DoThat(); // Returns 3 - the counter is shared. -``` - -# Misc Recipes on Using Google Mock # - -## Making the Compilation Faster ## - -Believe it or not, the _vast majority_ of the time spent on compiling -a mock class is in generating its constructor and destructor, as they -perform non-trivial tasks (e.g. verification of the -expectations). What's more, mock methods with different signatures -have different types and thus their constructors/destructors need to -be generated by the compiler separately. As a result, if you mock many -different types of methods, compiling your mock class can get really -slow. - -If you are experiencing slow compilation, you can move the definition -of your mock class' constructor and destructor out of the class body -and into a `.cpp` file. This way, even if you `#include` your mock -class in N files, the compiler only needs to generate its constructor -and destructor once, resulting in a much faster compilation. - -Let's illustrate the idea using an example. Here's the definition of a -mock class before applying this recipe: - -``` -// File mock_foo.h. -... -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - // Since we don't declare the constructor or the destructor, - // the compiler will generate them in every translation unit - // where this mock class is used. - - MOCK_METHOD0(DoThis, int()); - MOCK_METHOD1(DoThat, bool(const char* str)); - ... more mock methods ... -}; -``` - -After the change, it would look like: - -``` -// File mock_foo.h. -... -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - // The constructor and destructor are declared, but not defined, here. - MockFoo(); - virtual ~MockFoo(); - - MOCK_METHOD0(DoThis, int()); - MOCK_METHOD1(DoThat, bool(const char* str)); - ... more mock methods ... -}; -``` -and -``` -// File mock_foo.cpp. -#include "path/to/mock_foo.h" - -// The definitions may appear trivial, but the functions actually do a -// lot of things through the constructors/destructors of the member -// variables used to implement the mock methods. -MockFoo::MockFoo() {} -MockFoo::~MockFoo() {} -``` - -## Forcing a Verification ## - -When it's being destoyed, your friendly mock object will automatically -verify that all expectations on it have been satisfied, and will -generate [Google Test](http://code.google.com/p/googletest/) failures -if not. This is convenient as it leaves you with one less thing to -worry about. That is, unless you are not sure if your mock object will -be destoyed. - -How could it be that your mock object won't eventually be destroyed? -Well, it might be created on the heap and owned by the code you are -testing. Suppose there's a bug in that code and it doesn't delete the -mock object properly - you could end up with a passing test when -there's actually a bug. - -Using a heap checker is a good idea and can alleviate the concern, but -its implementation may not be 100% reliable. So, sometimes you do want -to _force_ Google Mock to verify a mock object before it is -(hopefully) destructed. You can do this with -`Mock::VerifyAndClearExpectations(&mock_object)`: - -``` -TEST(MyServerTest, ProcessesRequest) { - using ::testing::Mock; - - MockFoo* const foo = new MockFoo; - EXPECT_CALL(*foo, ...)...; - // ... other expectations ... - - // server now owns foo. - MyServer server(foo); - server.ProcessRequest(...); - - // In case that server's destructor will forget to delete foo, - // this will verify the expectations anyway. - Mock::VerifyAndClearExpectations(foo); -} // server is destroyed when it goes out of scope here. -``` - -**Tip:** The `Mock::VerifyAndClearExpectations()` function returns a -`bool` to indicate whether the verification was successful (`true` for -yes), so you can wrap that function call inside a `ASSERT_TRUE()` if -there is no point going further when the verification has failed. - -## Using Check Points ## - -Sometimes you may want to "reset" a mock object at various check -points in your test: at each check point, you verify that all existing -expectations on the mock object have been satisfied, and then you set -some new expectations on it as if it's newly created. This allows you -to work with a mock object in "phases" whose sizes are each -manageable. - -One such scenario is that in your test's `SetUp()` function, you may -want to put the object you are testing into a certain state, with the -help from a mock object. Once in the desired state, you want to clear -all expectations on the mock, such that in the `TEST_F` body you can -set fresh expectations on it. - -As you may have figured out, the `Mock::VerifyAndClearExpectations()` -function we saw in the previous recipe can help you here. Or, if you -are using `ON_CALL()` to set default actions on the mock object and -want to clear the default actions as well, use -`Mock::VerifyAndClear(&mock_object)` instead. This function does what -`Mock::VerifyAndClearExpectations(&mock_object)` does and returns the -same `bool`, **plus** it clears the `ON_CALL()` statements on -`mock_object` too. - -Another trick you can use to achieve the same effect is to put the -expectations in sequences and insert calls to a dummy "check-point" -function at specific places. Then you can verify that the mock -function calls do happen at the right time. For example, if you are -exercising code: - -``` -Foo(1); -Foo(2); -Foo(3); -``` - -and want to verify that `Foo(1)` and `Foo(3)` both invoke -`mock.Bar("a")`, but `Foo(2)` doesn't invoke anything. You can write: - -``` -using ::testing::MockFunction; - -TEST(FooTest, InvokesBarCorrectly) { - MyMock mock; - // Class MockFunction has exactly one mock method. It is named - // Call() and has type F. - MockFunction check; - { - InSequence s; - - EXPECT_CALL(mock, Bar("a")); - EXPECT_CALL(check, Call("1")); - EXPECT_CALL(check, Call("2")); - EXPECT_CALL(mock, Bar("a")); - } - Foo(1); - check.Call("1"); - Foo(2); - check.Call("2"); - Foo(3); -} -``` - -The expectation spec says that the first `Bar("a")` must happen before -check point "1", the second `Bar("a")` must happen after check point "2", -and nothing should happen between the two check points. The explicit -check points make it easy to tell which `Bar("a")` is called by which -call to `Foo()`. - -## Mocking Destructors ## - -Sometimes you want to make sure a mock object is destructed at the -right time, e.g. after `bar->A()` is called but before `bar->B()` is -called. We already know that you can specify constraints on the order -of mock function calls, so all we need to do is to mock the destructor -of the mock function. - -This sounds simple, except for one problem: a destructor is a special -function with special syntax and special semantics, and the -`MOCK_METHOD0` macro doesn't work for it: - -``` - MOCK_METHOD0(~MockFoo, void()); // Won't compile! -``` - -The good news is that you can use a simple pattern to achieve the same -effect. First, add a mock function `Die()` to your mock class and call -it in the destructor, like this: - -``` -class MockFoo : public Foo { - ... - // Add the following two lines to the mock class. - MOCK_METHOD0(Die, void()); - virtual ~MockFoo() { Die(); } -}; -``` - -(If the name `Die()` clashes with an existing symbol, choose another -name.) Now, we have translated the problem of testing when a `MockFoo` -object dies to testing when its `Die()` method is called: - -``` - MockFoo* foo = new MockFoo; - MockBar* bar = new MockBar; - ... - { - InSequence s; - - // Expects *foo to die after bar->A() and before bar->B(). - EXPECT_CALL(*bar, A()); - EXPECT_CALL(*foo, Die()); - EXPECT_CALL(*bar, B()); - } -``` - -And that's that. - -## Using Google Mock and Threads ## - -**IMPORTANT NOTE:** What we describe in this recipe is **ONLY** true on -platforms where Google Mock is thread-safe. Currently these are only -platforms that support the pthreads library (this includes Linux and Mac). -To make it thread-safe on other platforms we only need to implement -some synchronization operations in `"gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"`. - -In a **unit** test, it's best if you could isolate and test a piece of -code in a single-threaded context. That avoids race conditions and -dead locks, and makes debugging your test much easier. - -Yet many programs are multi-threaded, and sometimes to test something -we need to pound on it from more than one thread. Google Mock works -for this purpose too. - -Remember the steps for using a mock: - - 1. Create a mock object `foo`. - 1. Set its default actions and expectations using `ON_CALL()` and `EXPECT_CALL()`. - 1. The code under test calls methods of `foo`. - 1. Optionally, verify and reset the mock. - 1. Destroy the mock yourself, or let the code under test destroy it. The destructor will automatically verify it. - -If you follow the following simple rules, your mocks and threads can -live happily togeter: - - * Execute your _test code_ (as opposed to the code being tested) in _one_ thread. This makes your test easy to follow. - * Obviously, you can do step #1 without locking. - * When doing step #2 and #5, make sure no other thread is accessing `foo`. Obvious too, huh? - * #3 and #4 can be done either in one thread or in multiple threads - anyway you want. Google Mock takes care of the locking, so you don't have to do any - unless required by your test logic. - -If you violate the rules (for example, if you set expectations on a -mock while another thread is calling its methods), you get undefined -behavior. That's not fun, so don't do it. - -Google Mock guarantees that the action for a mock function is done in -the same thread that called the mock function. For example, in - -``` - EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo(1)) - .WillOnce(action1); - EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo(2)) - .WillOnce(action2); -``` - -if `Foo(1)` is called in thread 1 and `Foo(2)` is called in thread 2, -Google Mock will execute `action1` in thread 1 and `action2` in thread -2. - -Google Mock does _not_ impose a sequence on actions performed in -different threads (doing so may create deadlocks as the actions may -need to cooperate). This means that the execution of `action1` and -`action2` in the above example _may_ interleave. If this is a problem, -you should add proper synchronization logic to `action1` and `action2` -to make the test thread-safe. - - -Also, remember that `DefaultValue` is a global resource that -potentially affects _all_ living mock objects in your -program. Naturally, you won't want to mess with it from multiple -threads or when there still are mocks in action. - -## Controlling How Much Information Google Mock Prints ## - -When Google Mock sees something that has the potential of being an -error (e.g. a mock function with no expectation is called, a.k.a. an -uninteresting call, which is allowed but perhaps you forgot to -explicitly ban the call), it prints some warning messages, including -the arguments of the function and the return value. Hopefully this -will remind you to take a look and see if there is indeed a problem. - -Sometimes you are confident that your tests are correct and may not -appreciate such friendly messages. Some other times, you are debugging -your tests or learning about the behavior of the code you are testing, -and wish you could observe every mock call that happens (including -argument values and the return value). Clearly, one size doesn't fit -all. - -You can control how much Google Mock tells you using the -`--gmock_verbose=LEVEL` command-line flag, where `LEVEL` is a string -with three possible values: - - * `info`: Google Mock will print all informational messages, warnings, and errors (most verbose). At this setting, Google Mock will also log any calls to the `ON_CALL/EXPECT_CALL` macros. - * `warning`: Google Mock will print both warnings and errors (less verbose). This is the default. - * `error`: Google Mock will print errors only (least verbose). - -Alternatively, you can adjust the value of that flag from within your -tests like so: - -``` - ::testing::FLAGS_gmock_verbose = "error"; -``` - -Now, judiciously use the right flag to enable Google Mock serve you better! - -## Gaining Super Vision into Mock Calls ## - -You have a test using Google Mock. It fails: Google Mock tells you -that some expectations aren't satisfied. However, you aren't sure why: -Is there a typo somewhere in the matchers? Did you mess up the order -of the `EXPECT_CALL`s? Or is the code under test doing something -wrong? How can you find out the cause? - -Won't it be nice if you have X-ray vision and can actually see the -trace of all `EXPECT_CALL`s and mock method calls as they are made? -For each call, would you like to see its actual argument values and -which `EXPECT_CALL` Google Mock thinks it matches? - -You can unlock this power by running your test with the -`--gmock_verbose=info` flag. For example, given the test program: - -``` -using testing::_; -using testing::HasSubstr; -using testing::Return; - -class MockFoo { - public: - MOCK_METHOD2(F, void(const string& x, const string& y)); -}; - -TEST(Foo, Bar) { - MockFoo mock; - EXPECT_CALL(mock, F(_, _)).WillRepeatedly(Return()); - EXPECT_CALL(mock, F("a", "b")); - EXPECT_CALL(mock, F("c", HasSubstr("d"))); - - mock.F("a", "good"); - mock.F("a", "b"); -} -``` - -if you run it with `--gmock_verbose=info`, you will see this output: - -``` -[ RUN ] Foo.Bar - -foo_test.cc:14: EXPECT_CALL(mock, F(_, _)) invoked -foo_test.cc:15: EXPECT_CALL(mock, F("a", "b")) invoked -foo_test.cc:16: EXPECT_CALL(mock, F("c", HasSubstr("d"))) invoked -foo_test.cc:14: Mock function call matches EXPECT_CALL(mock, F(_, _))... - Function call: F(@0x7fff7c8dad40"a", @0x7fff7c8dad10"good") -foo_test.cc:15: Mock function call matches EXPECT_CALL(mock, F("a", "b"))... - Function call: F(@0x7fff7c8dada0"a", @0x7fff7c8dad70"b") -foo_test.cc:16: Failure -Actual function call count doesn't match EXPECT_CALL(mock, F("c", HasSubstr("d")))... - Expected: to be called once - Actual: never called - unsatisfied and active -[ FAILED ] Foo.Bar -``` - -Suppose the bug is that the `"c"` in the third `EXPECT_CALL` is a typo -and should actually be `"a"`. With the above message, you should see -that the actual `F("a", "good")` call is matched by the first -`EXPECT_CALL`, not the third as you thought. From that it should be -obvious that the third `EXPECT_CALL` is written wrong. Case solved. - -## Running Tests in Emacs ## - -If you build and run your tests in Emacs, the source file locations of -Google Mock and [Google Test](http://code.google.com/p/googletest/) -errors will be highlighted. Just press `` on one of them and -you'll be taken to the offending line. Or, you can just type `C-x `` -to jump to the next error. - -To make it even easier, you can add the following lines to your -`~/.emacs` file: - -``` -(global-set-key "\M-m" 'compile) ; m is for make -(global-set-key [M-down] 'next-error) -(global-set-key [M-up] '(lambda () (interactive) (next-error -1))) -``` - -Then you can type `M-m` to start a build, or `M-up`/`M-down` to move -back and forth between errors. - -## Fusing Google Mock Source Files ## - -Google Mock's implementation consists of dozens of files (excluding -its own tests). Sometimes you may want them to be packaged up in -fewer files instead, such that you can easily copy them to a new -machine and start hacking there. For this we provide an experimental -Python script `fuse_gmock_files.py` in the `scripts/` directory -(starting with release 1.2.0). Assuming you have Python 2.4 or above -installed on your machine, just go to that directory and run -``` -python fuse_gmock_files.py OUTPUT_DIR -``` - -and you should see an `OUTPUT_DIR` directory being created with files -`gtest/gtest.h`, `gmock/gmock.h`, and `gmock-gtest-all.cc` in it. -These three files contain everything you need to use Google Mock (and -Google Test). Just copy them to anywhere you want and you are ready -to write tests and use mocks. You can use the -[scrpts/test/Makefile](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/source/browse/trunk/scripts/test/Makefile) file as an example on how to compile your tests -against them. - -# Extending Google Mock # - -## Writing New Matchers Quickly ## - -The `MATCHER*` family of macros can be used to define custom matchers -easily. The syntax: - -``` -MATCHER(name, description_string_expression) { statements; } -``` - -will define a matcher with the given name that executes the -statements, which must return a `bool` to indicate if the match -succeeds. Inside the statements, you can refer to the value being -matched by `arg`, and refer to its type by `arg_type`. - -The description string is a `string`-typed expression that documents -what the matcher does, and is used to generate the failure message -when the match fails. It can (and should) reference the special -`bool` variable `negation`, and should evaluate to the description of -the matcher when `negation` is `false`, or that of the matcher's -negation when `negation` is `true`. - -For convenience, we allow the description string to be empty (`""`), -in which case Google Mock will use the sequence of words in the -matcher name as the description. - -For example: -``` -MATCHER(IsDivisibleBy7, "") { return (arg % 7) == 0; } -``` -allows you to write -``` - // Expects mock_foo.Bar(n) to be called where n is divisible by 7. - EXPECT_CALL(mock_foo, Bar(IsDivisibleBy7())); -``` -or, -``` -using ::testing::Not; -... - EXPECT_THAT(some_expression, IsDivisibleBy7()); - EXPECT_THAT(some_other_expression, Not(IsDivisibleBy7())); -``` -If the above assertions fail, they will print something like: -``` - Value of: some_expression - Expected: is divisible by 7 - Actual: 27 -... - Value of: some_other_expression - Expected: not (is divisible by 7) - Actual: 21 -``` -where the descriptions `"is divisible by 7"` and `"not (is divisible -by 7)"` are automatically calculated from the matcher name -`IsDivisibleBy7`. - -As you may have noticed, the auto-generated descriptions (especially -those for the negation) may not be so great. You can always override -them with a string expression of your own: -``` -MATCHER(IsDivisibleBy7, std::string(negation ? "isn't" : "is") + - " divisible by 7") { - return (arg % 7) == 0; -} -``` - -Optionally, you can stream additional information to a hidden argument -named `result_listener` to explain the match result. For example, a -better definition of `IsDivisibleBy7` is: -``` -MATCHER(IsDivisibleBy7, "") { - if ((arg % 7) == 0) - return true; - - *result_listener << "the remainder is " << (arg % 7); - return false; -} -``` - -With this definition, the above assertion will give a better message: -``` - Value of: some_expression - Expected: is divisible by 7 - Actual: 27 (the remainder is 6) -``` - -You should let `MatchAndExplain()` print _any additional information_ -that can help a user understand the match result. Note that it should -explain why the match succeeds in case of a success (unless it's -obvious) - this is useful when the matcher is used inside -`Not()`. There is no need to print the argument value itself, as -Google Mock already prints it for you. - -**Notes:** - - 1. The type of the value being matched (`arg_type`) is determined by the context in which you use the matcher and is supplied to you by the compiler, so you don't need to worry about declaring it (nor can you). This allows the matcher to be polymorphic. For example, `IsDivisibleBy7()` can be used to match any type where the value of `(arg % 7) == 0` can be implicitly converted to a `bool`. In the `Bar(IsDivisibleBy7())` example above, if method `Bar()` takes an `int`, `arg_type` will be `int`; if it takes an `unsigned long`, `arg_type` will be `unsigned long`; and so on. - 1. Google Mock doesn't guarantee when or how many times a matcher will be invoked. Therefore the matcher logic must be _purely functional_ (i.e. it cannot have any side effect, and the result must not depend on anything other than the value being matched and the matcher parameters). This requirement must be satisfied no matter how you define the matcher (e.g. using one of the methods described in the following recipes). In particular, a matcher can never call a mock function, as that will affect the state of the mock object and Google Mock. - -## Writing New Parameterized Matchers Quickly ## - -Sometimes you'll want to define a matcher that has parameters. For that you -can use the macro: -``` -MATCHER_P(name, param_name, description_string) { statements; } -``` -where the description string can be either `""` or a string expression -that references `negation` and `param_name`. - -For example: -``` -MATCHER_P(HasAbsoluteValue, value, "") { return abs(arg) == value; } -``` -will allow you to write: -``` - EXPECT_THAT(Blah("a"), HasAbsoluteValue(n)); -``` -which may lead to this message (assuming `n` is 10): -``` - Value of: Blah("a") - Expected: has absolute value 10 - Actual: -9 -``` - -Note that both the matcher description and its parameter are -printed, making the message human-friendly. - -In the matcher definition body, you can write `foo_type` to -reference the type of a parameter named `foo`. For example, in the -body of `MATCHER_P(HasAbsoluteValue, value)` above, you can write -`value_type` to refer to the type of `value`. - -Google Mock also provides `MATCHER_P2`, `MATCHER_P3`, ..., up to -`MATCHER_P10` to support multi-parameter matchers: -``` -MATCHER_Pk(name, param_1, ..., param_k, description_string) { statements; } -``` - -Please note that the custom description string is for a particular -**instance** of the matcher, where the parameters have been bound to -actual values. Therefore usually you'll want the parameter values to -be part of the description. Google Mock lets you do that by -referencing the matcher parameters in the description string -expression. - -For example, -``` - using ::testing::PrintToString; - MATCHER_P2(InClosedRange, low, hi, - std::string(negation ? "isn't" : "is") + " in range [" + - PrintToString(low) + ", " + PrintToString(hi) + "]") { - return low <= arg && arg <= hi; - } - ... - EXPECT_THAT(3, InClosedRange(4, 6)); -``` -would generate a failure that contains the message: -``` - Expected: is in range [4, 6] -``` - -If you specify `""` as the description, the failure message will -contain the sequence of words in the matcher name followed by the -parameter values printed as a tuple. For example, -``` - MATCHER_P2(InClosedRange, low, hi, "") { ... } - ... - EXPECT_THAT(3, InClosedRange(4, 6)); -``` -would generate a failure that contains the text: -``` - Expected: in closed range (4, 6) -``` - -For the purpose of typing, you can view -``` -MATCHER_Pk(Foo, p1, ..., pk, description_string) { ... } -``` -as shorthand for -``` -template -FooMatcherPk -Foo(p1_type p1, ..., pk_type pk) { ... } -``` - -When you write `Foo(v1, ..., vk)`, the compiler infers the types of -the parameters `v1`, ..., and `vk` for you. If you are not happy with -the result of the type inference, you can specify the types by -explicitly instantiating the template, as in `Foo(5, false)`. -As said earlier, you don't get to (or need to) specify -`arg_type` as that's determined by the context in which the matcher -is used. - -You can assign the result of expression `Foo(p1, ..., pk)` to a -variable of type `FooMatcherPk`. This can be -useful when composing matchers. Matchers that don't have a parameter -or have only one parameter have special types: you can assign `Foo()` -to a `FooMatcher`-typed variable, and assign `Foo(p)` to a -`FooMatcherP`-typed variable. - -While you can instantiate a matcher template with reference types, -passing the parameters by pointer usually makes your code more -readable. If, however, you still want to pass a parameter by -reference, be aware that in the failure message generated by the -matcher you will see the value of the referenced object but not its -address. - -You can overload matchers with different numbers of parameters: -``` -MATCHER_P(Blah, a, description_string_1) { ... } -MATCHER_P2(Blah, a, b, description_string_2) { ... } -``` - -While it's tempting to always use the `MATCHER*` macros when defining -a new matcher, you should also consider implementing -`MatcherInterface` or using `MakePolymorphicMatcher()` instead (see -the recipes that follow), especially if you need to use the matcher a -lot. While these approaches require more work, they give you more -control on the types of the value being matched and the matcher -parameters, which in general leads to better compiler error messages -that pay off in the long run. They also allow overloading matchers -based on parameter types (as opposed to just based on the number of -parameters). - -## Writing New Monomorphic Matchers ## - -A matcher of argument type `T` implements -`::testing::MatcherInterface` and does two things: it tests whether a -value of type `T` matches the matcher, and can describe what kind of -values it matches. The latter ability is used for generating readable -error messages when expectations are violated. - -The interface looks like this: - -``` -class MatchResultListener { - public: - ... - // Streams x to the underlying ostream; does nothing if the ostream - // is NULL. - template - MatchResultListener& operator<<(const T& x); - - // Returns the underlying ostream. - ::std::ostream* stream(); -}; - -template -class MatcherInterface { - public: - virtual ~MatcherInterface(); - - // Returns true iff the matcher matches x; also explains the match - // result to 'listener'. - virtual bool MatchAndExplain(T x, MatchResultListener* listener) const = 0; - - // Describes this matcher to an ostream. - virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const = 0; - - // Describes the negation of this matcher to an ostream. - virtual void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const; -}; -``` - -If you need a custom matcher but `Truly()` is not a good option (for -example, you may not be happy with the way `Truly(predicate)` -describes itself, or you may want your matcher to be polymorphic as -`Eq(value)` is), you can define a matcher to do whatever you want in -two steps: first implement the matcher interface, and then define a -factory function to create a matcher instance. The second step is not -strictly needed but it makes the syntax of using the matcher nicer. - -For example, you can define a matcher to test whether an `int` is -divisible by 7 and then use it like this: -``` -using ::testing::MakeMatcher; -using ::testing::Matcher; -using ::testing::MatcherInterface; -using ::testing::MatchResultListener; - -class DivisibleBy7Matcher : public MatcherInterface { - public: - virtual bool MatchAndExplain(int n, MatchResultListener* listener) const { - return (n % 7) == 0; - } - - virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const { - *os << "is divisible by 7"; - } - - virtual void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const { - *os << "is not divisible by 7"; - } -}; - -inline Matcher DivisibleBy7() { - return MakeMatcher(new DivisibleBy7Matcher); -} -... - - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(DivisibleBy7())); -``` - -You may improve the matcher message by streaming additional -information to the `listener` argument in `MatchAndExplain()`: - -``` -class DivisibleBy7Matcher : public MatcherInterface { - public: - virtual bool MatchAndExplain(int n, - MatchResultListener* listener) const { - const int remainder = n % 7; - if (remainder != 0) { - *listener << "the remainder is " << remainder; - } - return remainder == 0; - } - ... -}; -``` - -Then, `EXPECT_THAT(x, DivisibleBy7());` may general a message like this: -``` -Value of: x -Expected: is divisible by 7 - Actual: 23 (the remainder is 2) -``` - -## Writing New Polymorphic Matchers ## - -You've learned how to write your own matchers in the previous -recipe. Just one problem: a matcher created using `MakeMatcher()` only -works for one particular type of arguments. If you want a -_polymorphic_ matcher that works with arguments of several types (for -instance, `Eq(x)` can be used to match a `value` as long as `value` == -`x` compiles -- `value` and `x` don't have to share the same type), -you can learn the trick from `"gmock/gmock-matchers.h"` but it's a bit -involved. - -Fortunately, most of the time you can define a polymorphic matcher -easily with the help of `MakePolymorphicMatcher()`. Here's how you can -define `NotNull()` as an example: - -``` -using ::testing::MakePolymorphicMatcher; -using ::testing::MatchResultListener; -using ::testing::NotNull; -using ::testing::PolymorphicMatcher; - -class NotNullMatcher { - public: - // To implement a polymorphic matcher, first define a COPYABLE class - // that has three members MatchAndExplain(), DescribeTo(), and - // DescribeNegationTo(), like the following. - - // In this example, we want to use NotNull() with any pointer, so - // MatchAndExplain() accepts a pointer of any type as its first argument. - // In general, you can define MatchAndExplain() as an ordinary method or - // a method template, or even overload it. - template - bool MatchAndExplain(T* p, - MatchResultListener* /* listener */) const { - return p != NULL; - } - - // Describes the property of a value matching this matcher. - void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const { *os << "is not NULL"; } - - // Describes the property of a value NOT matching this matcher. - void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const { *os << "is NULL"; } -}; - -// To construct a polymorphic matcher, pass an instance of the class -// to MakePolymorphicMatcher(). Note the return type. -inline PolymorphicMatcher NotNull() { - return MakePolymorphicMatcher(NotNullMatcher()); -} -... - - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(NotNull())); // The argument must be a non-NULL pointer. -``` - -**Note:** Your polymorphic matcher class does **not** need to inherit from -`MatcherInterface` or any other class, and its methods do **not** need -to be virtual. - -Like in a monomorphic matcher, you may explain the match result by -streaming additional information to the `listener` argument in -`MatchAndExplain()`. - -## Writing New Cardinalities ## - -A cardinality is used in `Times()` to tell Google Mock how many times -you expect a call to occur. It doesn't have to be exact. For example, -you can say `AtLeast(5)` or `Between(2, 4)`. - -If the built-in set of cardinalities doesn't suit you, you are free to -define your own by implementing the following interface (in namespace -`testing`): - -``` -class CardinalityInterface { - public: - virtual ~CardinalityInterface(); - - // Returns true iff call_count calls will satisfy this cardinality. - virtual bool IsSatisfiedByCallCount(int call_count) const = 0; - - // Returns true iff call_count calls will saturate this cardinality. - virtual bool IsSaturatedByCallCount(int call_count) const = 0; - - // Describes self to an ostream. - virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const = 0; -}; -``` - -For example, to specify that a call must occur even number of times, -you can write - -``` -using ::testing::Cardinality; -using ::testing::CardinalityInterface; -using ::testing::MakeCardinality; - -class EvenNumberCardinality : public CardinalityInterface { - public: - virtual bool IsSatisfiedByCallCount(int call_count) const { - return (call_count % 2) == 0; - } - - virtual bool IsSaturatedByCallCount(int call_count) const { - return false; - } - - virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const { - *os << "called even number of times"; - } -}; - -Cardinality EvenNumber() { - return MakeCardinality(new EvenNumberCardinality); -} -... - - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(3)) - .Times(EvenNumber()); -``` - -## Writing New Actions Quickly ## - -If the built-in actions don't work for you, and you find it -inconvenient to use `Invoke()`, you can use a macro from the `ACTION*` -family to quickly define a new action that can be used in your code as -if it's a built-in action. - -By writing -``` -ACTION(name) { statements; } -``` -in a namespace scope (i.e. not inside a class or function), you will -define an action with the given name that executes the statements. -The value returned by `statements` will be used as the return value of -the action. Inside the statements, you can refer to the K-th -(0-based) argument of the mock function as `argK`. For example: -``` -ACTION(IncrementArg1) { return ++(*arg1); } -``` -allows you to write -``` -... WillOnce(IncrementArg1()); -``` - -Note that you don't need to specify the types of the mock function -arguments. Rest assured that your code is type-safe though: -you'll get a compiler error if `*arg1` doesn't support the `++` -operator, or if the type of `++(*arg1)` isn't compatible with the mock -function's return type. - -Another example: -``` -ACTION(Foo) { - (*arg2)(5); - Blah(); - *arg1 = 0; - return arg0; -} -``` -defines an action `Foo()` that invokes argument #2 (a function pointer) -with 5, calls function `Blah()`, sets the value pointed to by argument -#1 to 0, and returns argument #0. - -For more convenience and flexibility, you can also use the following -pre-defined symbols in the body of `ACTION`: - -| `argK_type` | The type of the K-th (0-based) argument of the mock function | -|:------------|:-------------------------------------------------------------| -| `args` | All arguments of the mock function as a tuple | -| `args_type` | The type of all arguments of the mock function as a tuple | -| `return_type` | The return type of the mock function | -| `function_type` | The type of the mock function | - -For example, when using an `ACTION` as a stub action for mock function: -``` -int DoSomething(bool flag, int* ptr); -``` -we have: -| **Pre-defined Symbol** | **Is Bound To** | -|:-----------------------|:----------------| -| `arg0` | the value of `flag` | -| `arg0_type` | the type `bool` | -| `arg1` | the value of `ptr` | -| `arg1_type` | the type `int*` | -| `args` | the tuple `(flag, ptr)` | -| `args_type` | the type `std::tr1::tuple` | -| `return_type` | the type `int` | -| `function_type` | the type `int(bool, int*)` | - -## Writing New Parameterized Actions Quickly ## - -Sometimes you'll want to parameterize an action you define. For that -we have another macro -``` -ACTION_P(name, param) { statements; } -``` - -For example, -``` -ACTION_P(Add, n) { return arg0 + n; } -``` -will allow you to write -``` -// Returns argument #0 + 5. -... WillOnce(Add(5)); -``` - -For convenience, we use the term _arguments_ for the values used to -invoke the mock function, and the term _parameters_ for the values -used to instantiate an action. - -Note that you don't need to provide the type of the parameter either. -Suppose the parameter is named `param`, you can also use the -Google-Mock-defined symbol `param_type` to refer to the type of the -parameter as inferred by the compiler. For example, in the body of -`ACTION_P(Add, n)` above, you can write `n_type` for the type of `n`. - -Google Mock also provides `ACTION_P2`, `ACTION_P3`, and etc to support -multi-parameter actions. For example, -``` -ACTION_P2(ReturnDistanceTo, x, y) { - double dx = arg0 - x; - double dy = arg1 - y; - return sqrt(dx*dx + dy*dy); -} -``` -lets you write -``` -... WillOnce(ReturnDistanceTo(5.0, 26.5)); -``` - -You can view `ACTION` as a degenerated parameterized action where the -number of parameters is 0. - -You can also easily define actions overloaded on the number of parameters: -``` -ACTION_P(Plus, a) { ... } -ACTION_P2(Plus, a, b) { ... } -``` - -## Restricting the Type of an Argument or Parameter in an ACTION ## - -For maximum brevity and reusability, the `ACTION*` macros don't ask -you to provide the types of the mock function arguments and the action -parameters. Instead, we let the compiler infer the types for us. - -Sometimes, however, we may want to be more explicit about the types. -There are several tricks to do that. For example: -``` -ACTION(Foo) { - // Makes sure arg0 can be converted to int. - int n = arg0; - ... use n instead of arg0 here ... -} - -ACTION_P(Bar, param) { - // Makes sure the type of arg1 is const char*. - ::testing::StaticAssertTypeEq(); - - // Makes sure param can be converted to bool. - bool flag = param; -} -``` -where `StaticAssertTypeEq` is a compile-time assertion in Google Test -that verifies two types are the same. - -## Writing New Action Templates Quickly ## - -Sometimes you want to give an action explicit template parameters that -cannot be inferred from its value parameters. `ACTION_TEMPLATE()` -supports that and can be viewed as an extension to `ACTION()` and -`ACTION_P*()`. - -The syntax: -``` -ACTION_TEMPLATE(ActionName, - HAS_m_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(kind1, name1, ..., kind_m, name_m), - AND_n_VALUE_PARAMS(p1, ..., p_n)) { statements; } -``` - -defines an action template that takes _m_ explicit template parameters -and _n_ value parameters, where _m_ is between 1 and 10, and _n_ is -between 0 and 10. `name_i` is the name of the i-th template -parameter, and `kind_i` specifies whether it's a `typename`, an -integral constant, or a template. `p_i` is the name of the i-th value -parameter. - -Example: -``` -// DuplicateArg(output) converts the k-th argument of the mock -// function to type T and copies it to *output. -ACTION_TEMPLATE(DuplicateArg, - // Note the comma between int and k: - HAS_2_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(int, k, typename, T), - AND_1_VALUE_PARAMS(output)) { - *output = T(std::tr1::get(args)); -} -``` - -To create an instance of an action template, write: -``` - ActionName(v1, ..., v_n) -``` -where the `t`s are the template arguments and the -`v`s are the value arguments. The value argument -types are inferred by the compiler. For example: -``` -using ::testing::_; -... - int n; - EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo(_, _)) - .WillOnce(DuplicateArg<1, unsigned char>(&n)); -``` - -If you want to explicitly specify the value argument types, you can -provide additional template arguments: -``` - ActionName(v1, ..., v_n) -``` -where `u_i` is the desired type of `v_i`. - -`ACTION_TEMPLATE` and `ACTION`/`ACTION_P*` can be overloaded on the -number of value parameters, but not on the number of template -parameters. Without the restriction, the meaning of the following is -unclear: - -``` - OverloadedAction(x); -``` - -Are we using a single-template-parameter action where `bool` refers to -the type of `x`, or a two-template-parameter action where the compiler -is asked to infer the type of `x`? - -## Using the ACTION Object's Type ## - -If you are writing a function that returns an `ACTION` object, you'll -need to know its type. The type depends on the macro used to define -the action and the parameter types. The rule is relatively simple: -| **Given Definition** | **Expression** | **Has Type** | -|:---------------------|:---------------|:-------------| -| `ACTION(Foo)` | `Foo()` | `FooAction` | -| `ACTION_TEMPLATE(Foo, HAS_m_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(...), AND_0_VALUE_PARAMS())` | `Foo()` | `FooAction` | -| `ACTION_P(Bar, param)` | `Bar(int_value)` | `BarActionP` | -| `ACTION_TEMPLATE(Bar, HAS_m_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(...), AND_1_VALUE_PARAMS(p1))` | `Bar(int_value)` | `FooActionP` | -| `ACTION_P2(Baz, p1, p2)` | `Baz(bool_value, int_value)` | `BazActionP2` | -| `ACTION_TEMPLATE(Baz, HAS_m_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(...), AND_2_VALUE_PARAMS(p1, p2))` | `Baz(bool_value, int_value)` | `FooActionP2` | -| ... | ... | ... | - -Note that we have to pick different suffixes (`Action`, `ActionP`, -`ActionP2`, and etc) for actions with different numbers of value -parameters, or the action definitions cannot be overloaded on the -number of them. - -## Writing New Monomorphic Actions ## - -While the `ACTION*` macros are very convenient, sometimes they are -inappropriate. For example, despite the tricks shown in the previous -recipes, they don't let you directly specify the types of the mock -function arguments and the action parameters, which in general leads -to unoptimized compiler error messages that can baffle unfamiliar -users. They also don't allow overloading actions based on parameter -types without jumping through some hoops. - -An alternative to the `ACTION*` macros is to implement -`::testing::ActionInterface`, where `F` is the type of the mock -function in which the action will be used. For example: - -``` -template class ActionInterface { - public: - virtual ~ActionInterface(); - - // Performs the action. Result is the return type of function type - // F, and ArgumentTuple is the tuple of arguments of F. - // - // For example, if F is int(bool, const string&), then Result would - // be int, and ArgumentTuple would be tr1::tuple. - virtual Result Perform(const ArgumentTuple& args) = 0; -}; - -using ::testing::_; -using ::testing::Action; -using ::testing::ActionInterface; -using ::testing::MakeAction; - -typedef int IncrementMethod(int*); - -class IncrementArgumentAction : public ActionInterface { - public: - virtual int Perform(const tr1::tuple& args) { - int* p = tr1::get<0>(args); // Grabs the first argument. - return *p++; - } -}; - -Action IncrementArgument() { - return MakeAction(new IncrementArgumentAction); -} -... - - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Baz(_)) - .WillOnce(IncrementArgument()); - - int n = 5; - foo.Baz(&n); // Should return 5 and change n to 6. -``` - -## Writing New Polymorphic Actions ## - -The previous recipe showed you how to define your own action. This is -all good, except that you need to know the type of the function in -which the action will be used. Sometimes that can be a problem. For -example, if you want to use the action in functions with _different_ -types (e.g. like `Return()` and `SetArgPointee()`). - -If an action can be used in several types of mock functions, we say -it's _polymorphic_. The `MakePolymorphicAction()` function template -makes it easy to define such an action: - -``` -namespace testing { - -template -PolymorphicAction MakePolymorphicAction(const Impl& impl); - -} // namespace testing -``` - -As an example, let's define an action that returns the second argument -in the mock function's argument list. The first step is to define an -implementation class: - -``` -class ReturnSecondArgumentAction { - public: - template - Result Perform(const ArgumentTuple& args) const { - // To get the i-th (0-based) argument, use tr1::get(args). - return tr1::get<1>(args); - } -}; -``` - -This implementation class does _not_ need to inherit from any -particular class. What matters is that it must have a `Perform()` -method template. This method template takes the mock function's -arguments as a tuple in a **single** argument, and returns the result of -the action. It can be either `const` or not, but must be invokable -with exactly one template argument, which is the result type. In other -words, you must be able to call `Perform(args)` where `R` is the -mock function's return type and `args` is its arguments in a tuple. - -Next, we use `MakePolymorphicAction()` to turn an instance of the -implementation class into the polymorphic action we need. It will be -convenient to have a wrapper for this: - -``` -using ::testing::MakePolymorphicAction; -using ::testing::PolymorphicAction; - -PolymorphicAction ReturnSecondArgument() { - return MakePolymorphicAction(ReturnSecondArgumentAction()); -} -``` - -Now, you can use this polymorphic action the same way you use the -built-in ones: - -``` -using ::testing::_; - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - public: - MOCK_METHOD2(DoThis, int(bool flag, int n)); - MOCK_METHOD3(DoThat, string(int x, const char* str1, const char* str2)); -}; -... - - MockFoo foo; - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThis(_, _)) - .WillOnce(ReturnSecondArgument()); - EXPECT_CALL(foo, DoThat(_, _, _)) - .WillOnce(ReturnSecondArgument()); - ... - foo.DoThis(true, 5); // Will return 5. - foo.DoThat(1, "Hi", "Bye"); // Will return "Hi". -``` - -## Teaching Google Mock How to Print Your Values ## - -When an uninteresting or unexpected call occurs, Google Mock prints the -argument values and the stack trace to help you debug. Assertion -macros like `EXPECT_THAT` and `EXPECT_EQ` also print the values in -question when the assertion fails. Google Mock and Google Test do this using -Google Test's user-extensible value printer. - -This printer knows how to print built-in C++ types, native arrays, STL -containers, and any type that supports the `<<` operator. For other -types, it prints the raw bytes in the value and hopes that you the -user can figure it out. -[Google Test's advanced guide](http://code.google.com/p/googletest/wiki/AdvancedGuide#Teaching_Google_Test_How_to_Print_Your_Values) -explains how to extend the printer to do a better job at -printing your particular type than to dump the bytes. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/v1_7/Documentation.md b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/v1_7/Documentation.md deleted file mode 100644 index d9181f2..0000000 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/v1_7/Documentation.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -This page lists all documentation wiki pages for Google Mock **(the SVN trunk version)** -- **if you use a released version of Google Mock, please read the documentation for that specific version instead.** - - * [ForDummies](V1_7_ForDummies.md) -- start here if you are new to Google Mock. - * [CheatSheet](V1_7_CheatSheet.md) -- a quick reference. - * [CookBook](V1_7_CookBook.md) -- recipes for doing various tasks using Google Mock. - * [FrequentlyAskedQuestions](V1_7_FrequentlyAskedQuestions.md) -- check here before asking a question on the mailing list. - -To contribute code to Google Mock, read: - - * [DevGuide](DevGuide.md) -- read this _before_ writing your first patch. - * [Pump Manual](http://code.google.com/p/googletest/wiki/PumpManual) -- how we generate some of Google Mock's source files. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/v1_7/ForDummies.md b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/v1_7/ForDummies.md deleted file mode 100644 index ee03c5b..0000000 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/v1_7/ForDummies.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,439 +0,0 @@ - - -(**Note:** If you get compiler errors that you don't understand, be sure to consult [Google Mock Doctor](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/V1_7_FrequentlyAskedQuestions#How_am_I_supposed_to_make_sense_of_these_horrible_template_error).) - -# What Is Google C++ Mocking Framework? # -When you write a prototype or test, often it's not feasible or wise to rely on real objects entirely. A **mock object** implements the same interface as a real object (so it can be used as one), but lets you specify at run time how it will be used and what it should do (which methods will be called? in which order? how many times? with what arguments? what will they return? etc). - -**Note:** It is easy to confuse the term _fake objects_ with mock objects. Fakes and mocks actually mean very different things in the Test-Driven Development (TDD) community: - - * **Fake** objects have working implementations, but usually take some shortcut (perhaps to make the operations less expensive), which makes them not suitable for production. An in-memory file system would be an example of a fake. - * **Mocks** are objects pre-programmed with _expectations_, which form a specification of the calls they are expected to receive. - -If all this seems too abstract for you, don't worry - the most important thing to remember is that a mock allows you to check the _interaction_ between itself and code that uses it. The difference between fakes and mocks will become much clearer once you start to use mocks. - -**Google C++ Mocking Framework** (or **Google Mock** for short) is a library (sometimes we also call it a "framework" to make it sound cool) for creating mock classes and using them. It does to C++ what [jMock](http://www.jmock.org/) and [EasyMock](http://www.easymock.org/) do to Java. - -Using Google Mock involves three basic steps: - - 1. Use some simple macros to describe the interface you want to mock, and they will expand to the implementation of your mock class; - 1. Create some mock objects and specify its expectations and behavior using an intuitive syntax; - 1. Exercise code that uses the mock objects. Google Mock will catch any violation of the expectations as soon as it arises. - -# Why Google Mock? # -While mock objects help you remove unnecessary dependencies in tests and make them fast and reliable, using mocks manually in C++ is _hard_: - - * Someone has to implement the mocks. The job is usually tedious and error-prone. No wonder people go great distance to avoid it. - * The quality of those manually written mocks is a bit, uh, unpredictable. You may see some really polished ones, but you may also see some that were hacked up in a hurry and have all sorts of ad hoc restrictions. - * The knowledge you gained from using one mock doesn't transfer to the next. - -In contrast, Java and Python programmers have some fine mock frameworks, which automate the creation of mocks. As a result, mocking is a proven effective technique and widely adopted practice in those communities. Having the right tool absolutely makes the difference. - -Google Mock was built to help C++ programmers. It was inspired by [jMock](http://www.jmock.org/) and [EasyMock](http://www.easymock.org/), but designed with C++'s specifics in mind. It is your friend if any of the following problems is bothering you: - - * You are stuck with a sub-optimal design and wish you had done more prototyping before it was too late, but prototyping in C++ is by no means "rapid". - * Your tests are slow as they depend on too many libraries or use expensive resources (e.g. a database). - * Your tests are brittle as some resources they use are unreliable (e.g. the network). - * You want to test how your code handles a failure (e.g. a file checksum error), but it's not easy to cause one. - * You need to make sure that your module interacts with other modules in the right way, but it's hard to observe the interaction; therefore you resort to observing the side effects at the end of the action, which is awkward at best. - * You want to "mock out" your dependencies, except that they don't have mock implementations yet; and, frankly, you aren't thrilled by some of those hand-written mocks. - -We encourage you to use Google Mock as: - - * a _design_ tool, for it lets you experiment with your interface design early and often. More iterations lead to better designs! - * a _testing_ tool to cut your tests' outbound dependencies and probe the interaction between your module and its collaborators. - -# Getting Started # -Using Google Mock is easy! Inside your C++ source file, just `#include` `"gtest/gtest.h"` and `"gmock/gmock.h"`, and you are ready to go. - -# A Case for Mock Turtles # -Let's look at an example. Suppose you are developing a graphics program that relies on a LOGO-like API for drawing. How would you test that it does the right thing? Well, you can run it and compare the screen with a golden screen snapshot, but let's admit it: tests like this are expensive to run and fragile (What if you just upgraded to a shiny new graphics card that has better anti-aliasing? Suddenly you have to update all your golden images.). It would be too painful if all your tests are like this. Fortunately, you learned about Dependency Injection and know the right thing to do: instead of having your application talk to the drawing API directly, wrap the API in an interface (say, `Turtle`) and code to that interface: - -``` -class Turtle { - ... - virtual ~Turtle() {} - virtual void PenUp() = 0; - virtual void PenDown() = 0; - virtual void Forward(int distance) = 0; - virtual void Turn(int degrees) = 0; - virtual void GoTo(int x, int y) = 0; - virtual int GetX() const = 0; - virtual int GetY() const = 0; -}; -``` - -(Note that the destructor of `Turtle` **must** be virtual, as is the case for **all** classes you intend to inherit from - otherwise the destructor of the derived class will not be called when you delete an object through a base pointer, and you'll get corrupted program states like memory leaks.) - -You can control whether the turtle's movement will leave a trace using `PenUp()` and `PenDown()`, and control its movement using `Forward()`, `Turn()`, and `GoTo()`. Finally, `GetX()` and `GetY()` tell you the current position of the turtle. - -Your program will normally use a real implementation of this interface. In tests, you can use a mock implementation instead. This allows you to easily check what drawing primitives your program is calling, with what arguments, and in which order. Tests written this way are much more robust (they won't break because your new machine does anti-aliasing differently), easier to read and maintain (the intent of a test is expressed in the code, not in some binary images), and run _much, much faster_. - -# Writing the Mock Class # -If you are lucky, the mocks you need to use have already been implemented by some nice people. If, however, you find yourself in the position to write a mock class, relax - Google Mock turns this task into a fun game! (Well, almost.) - -## How to Define It ## -Using the `Turtle` interface as example, here are the simple steps you need to follow: - - 1. Derive a class `MockTurtle` from `Turtle`. - 1. Take a _virtual_ function of `Turtle` (while it's possible to [mock non-virtual methods using templates](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/V1_7_CookBook#Mocking_Nonvirtual_Methods), it's much more involved). Count how many arguments it has. - 1. In the `public:` section of the child class, write `MOCK_METHODn();` (or `MOCK_CONST_METHODn();` if you are mocking a `const` method), where `n` is the number of the arguments; if you counted wrong, shame on you, and a compiler error will tell you so. - 1. Now comes the fun part: you take the function signature, cut-and-paste the _function name_ as the _first_ argument to the macro, and leave what's left as the _second_ argument (in case you're curious, this is the _type of the function_). - 1. Repeat until all virtual functions you want to mock are done. - -After the process, you should have something like: - -``` -#include "gmock/gmock.h" // Brings in Google Mock. -class MockTurtle : public Turtle { - public: - ... - MOCK_METHOD0(PenUp, void()); - MOCK_METHOD0(PenDown, void()); - MOCK_METHOD1(Forward, void(int distance)); - MOCK_METHOD1(Turn, void(int degrees)); - MOCK_METHOD2(GoTo, void(int x, int y)); - MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(GetX, int()); - MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(GetY, int()); -}; -``` - -You don't need to define these mock methods somewhere else - the `MOCK_METHOD*` macros will generate the definitions for you. It's that simple! Once you get the hang of it, you can pump out mock classes faster than your source-control system can handle your check-ins. - -**Tip:** If even this is too much work for you, you'll find the -`gmock_gen.py` tool in Google Mock's `scripts/generator/` directory (courtesy of the [cppclean](http://code.google.com/p/cppclean/) project) useful. This command-line -tool requires that you have Python 2.4 installed. You give it a C++ file and the name of an abstract class defined in it, -and it will print the definition of the mock class for you. Due to the -complexity of the C++ language, this script may not always work, but -it can be quite handy when it does. For more details, read the [user documentation](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/source/browse/trunk/scripts/generator/README). - -## Where to Put It ## -When you define a mock class, you need to decide where to put its definition. Some people put it in a `*_test.cc`. This is fine when the interface being mocked (say, `Foo`) is owned by the same person or team. Otherwise, when the owner of `Foo` changes it, your test could break. (You can't really expect `Foo`'s maintainer to fix every test that uses `Foo`, can you?) - -So, the rule of thumb is: if you need to mock `Foo` and it's owned by others, define the mock class in `Foo`'s package (better, in a `testing` sub-package such that you can clearly separate production code and testing utilities), and put it in a `mock_foo.h`. Then everyone can reference `mock_foo.h` from their tests. If `Foo` ever changes, there is only one copy of `MockFoo` to change, and only tests that depend on the changed methods need to be fixed. - -Another way to do it: you can introduce a thin layer `FooAdaptor` on top of `Foo` and code to this new interface. Since you own `FooAdaptor`, you can absorb changes in `Foo` much more easily. While this is more work initially, carefully choosing the adaptor interface can make your code easier to write and more readable (a net win in the long run), as you can choose `FooAdaptor` to fit your specific domain much better than `Foo` does. - -# Using Mocks in Tests # -Once you have a mock class, using it is easy. The typical work flow is: - - 1. Import the Google Mock names from the `testing` namespace such that you can use them unqualified (You only have to do it once per file. Remember that namespaces are a good idea and good for your health.). - 1. Create some mock objects. - 1. Specify your expectations on them (How many times will a method be called? With what arguments? What should it do? etc.). - 1. Exercise some code that uses the mocks; optionally, check the result using Google Test assertions. If a mock method is called more than expected or with wrong arguments, you'll get an error immediately. - 1. When a mock is destructed, Google Mock will automatically check whether all expectations on it have been satisfied. - -Here's an example: - -``` -#include "path/to/mock-turtle.h" -#include "gmock/gmock.h" -#include "gtest/gtest.h" -using ::testing::AtLeast; // #1 - -TEST(PainterTest, CanDrawSomething) { - MockTurtle turtle; // #2 - EXPECT_CALL(turtle, PenDown()) // #3 - .Times(AtLeast(1)); - - Painter painter(&turtle); // #4 - - EXPECT_TRUE(painter.DrawCircle(0, 0, 10)); -} // #5 - -int main(int argc, char** argv) { - // The following line must be executed to initialize Google Mock - // (and Google Test) before running the tests. - ::testing::InitGoogleMock(&argc, argv); - return RUN_ALL_TESTS(); -} -``` - -As you might have guessed, this test checks that `PenDown()` is called at least once. If the `painter` object didn't call this method, your test will fail with a message like this: - -``` -path/to/my_test.cc:119: Failure -Actual function call count doesn't match this expectation: -Actually: never called; -Expected: called at least once. -``` - -**Tip 1:** If you run the test from an Emacs buffer, you can hit `` on the line number displayed in the error message to jump right to the failed expectation. - -**Tip 2:** If your mock objects are never deleted, the final verification won't happen. Therefore it's a good idea to use a heap leak checker in your tests when you allocate mocks on the heap. - -**Important note:** Google Mock requires expectations to be set **before** the mock functions are called, otherwise the behavior is **undefined**. In particular, you mustn't interleave `EXPECT_CALL()`s and calls to the mock functions. - -This means `EXPECT_CALL()` should be read as expecting that a call will occur _in the future_, not that a call has occurred. Why does Google Mock work like that? Well, specifying the expectation beforehand allows Google Mock to report a violation as soon as it arises, when the context (stack trace, etc) is still available. This makes debugging much easier. - -Admittedly, this test is contrived and doesn't do much. You can easily achieve the same effect without using Google Mock. However, as we shall reveal soon, Google Mock allows you to do _much more_ with the mocks. - -## Using Google Mock with Any Testing Framework ## -If you want to use something other than Google Test (e.g. [CppUnit](http://apps.sourceforge.net/mediawiki/cppunit/index.php?title=Main_Page) or -[CxxTest](http://cxxtest.tigris.org/)) as your testing framework, just change the `main()` function in the previous section to: -``` -int main(int argc, char** argv) { - // The following line causes Google Mock to throw an exception on failure, - // which will be interpreted by your testing framework as a test failure. - ::testing::GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure) = true; - ::testing::InitGoogleMock(&argc, argv); - ... whatever your testing framework requires ... -} -``` - -This approach has a catch: it makes Google Mock throw an exception -from a mock object's destructor sometimes. With some compilers, this -sometimes causes the test program to crash. You'll still be able to -notice that the test has failed, but it's not a graceful failure. - -A better solution is to use Google Test's -[event listener API](http://code.google.com/p/googletest/wiki/AdvancedGuide#Extending_Google_Test_by_Handling_Test_Events) -to report a test failure to your testing framework properly. You'll need to -implement the `OnTestPartResult()` method of the event listener interface, but it -should be straightforward. - -If this turns out to be too much work, we suggest that you stick with -Google Test, which works with Google Mock seamlessly (in fact, it is -technically part of Google Mock.). If there is a reason that you -cannot use Google Test, please let us know. - -# Setting Expectations # -The key to using a mock object successfully is to set the _right expectations_ on it. If you set the expectations too strict, your test will fail as the result of unrelated changes. If you set them too loose, bugs can slip through. You want to do it just right such that your test can catch exactly the kind of bugs you intend it to catch. Google Mock provides the necessary means for you to do it "just right." - -## General Syntax ## -In Google Mock we use the `EXPECT_CALL()` macro to set an expectation on a mock method. The general syntax is: - -``` -EXPECT_CALL(mock_object, method(matchers)) - .Times(cardinality) - .WillOnce(action) - .WillRepeatedly(action); -``` - -The macro has two arguments: first the mock object, and then the method and its arguments. Note that the two are separated by a comma (`,`), not a period (`.`). (Why using a comma? The answer is that it was necessary for technical reasons.) - -The macro can be followed by some optional _clauses_ that provide more information about the expectation. We'll discuss how each clause works in the coming sections. - -This syntax is designed to make an expectation read like English. For example, you can probably guess that - -``` -using ::testing::Return;... -EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GetX()) - .Times(5) - .WillOnce(Return(100)) - .WillOnce(Return(150)) - .WillRepeatedly(Return(200)); -``` - -says that the `turtle` object's `GetX()` method will be called five times, it will return 100 the first time, 150 the second time, and then 200 every time. Some people like to call this style of syntax a Domain-Specific Language (DSL). - -**Note:** Why do we use a macro to do this? It serves two purposes: first it makes expectations easily identifiable (either by `grep` or by a human reader), and second it allows Google Mock to include the source file location of a failed expectation in messages, making debugging easier. - -## Matchers: What Arguments Do We Expect? ## -When a mock function takes arguments, we must specify what arguments we are expecting; for example: - -``` -// Expects the turtle to move forward by 100 units. -EXPECT_CALL(turtle, Forward(100)); -``` - -Sometimes you may not want to be too specific (Remember that talk about tests being too rigid? Over specification leads to brittle tests and obscures the intent of tests. Therefore we encourage you to specify only what's necessary - no more, no less.). If you care to check that `Forward()` will be called but aren't interested in its actual argument, write `_` as the argument, which means "anything goes": - -``` -using ::testing::_; -... -// Expects the turtle to move forward. -EXPECT_CALL(turtle, Forward(_)); -``` - -`_` is an instance of what we call **matchers**. A matcher is like a predicate and can test whether an argument is what we'd expect. You can use a matcher inside `EXPECT_CALL()` wherever a function argument is expected. - -A list of built-in matchers can be found in the [CheatSheet](V1_7_CheatSheet.md). For example, here's the `Ge` (greater than or equal) matcher: - -``` -using ::testing::Ge;... -EXPECT_CALL(turtle, Forward(Ge(100))); -``` - -This checks that the turtle will be told to go forward by at least 100 units. - -## Cardinalities: How Many Times Will It Be Called? ## -The first clause we can specify following an `EXPECT_CALL()` is `Times()`. We call its argument a **cardinality** as it tells _how many times_ the call should occur. It allows us to repeat an expectation many times without actually writing it as many times. More importantly, a cardinality can be "fuzzy", just like a matcher can be. This allows a user to express the intent of a test exactly. - -An interesting special case is when we say `Times(0)`. You may have guessed - it means that the function shouldn't be called with the given arguments at all, and Google Mock will report a Google Test failure whenever the function is (wrongfully) called. - -We've seen `AtLeast(n)` as an example of fuzzy cardinalities earlier. For the list of built-in cardinalities you can use, see the [CheatSheet](V1_7_CheatSheet.md). - -The `Times()` clause can be omitted. **If you omit `Times()`, Google Mock will infer the cardinality for you.** The rules are easy to remember: - - * If **neither** `WillOnce()` **nor** `WillRepeatedly()` is in the `EXPECT_CALL()`, the inferred cardinality is `Times(1)`. - * If there are `n WillOnce()`'s but **no** `WillRepeatedly()`, where `n` >= 1, the cardinality is `Times(n)`. - * If there are `n WillOnce()`'s and **one** `WillRepeatedly()`, where `n` >= 0, the cardinality is `Times(AtLeast(n))`. - -**Quick quiz:** what do you think will happen if a function is expected to be called twice but actually called four times? - -## Actions: What Should It Do? ## -Remember that a mock object doesn't really have a working implementation? We as users have to tell it what to do when a method is invoked. This is easy in Google Mock. - -First, if the return type of a mock function is a built-in type or a pointer, the function has a **default action** (a `void` function will just return, a `bool` function will return `false`, and other functions will return 0). If you don't say anything, this behavior will be used. - -Second, if a mock function doesn't have a default action, or the default action doesn't suit you, you can specify the action to be taken each time the expectation matches using a series of `WillOnce()` clauses followed by an optional `WillRepeatedly()`. For example, - -``` -using ::testing::Return;... -EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GetX()) - .WillOnce(Return(100)) - .WillOnce(Return(200)) - .WillOnce(Return(300)); -``` - -This says that `turtle.GetX()` will be called _exactly three times_ (Google Mock inferred this from how many `WillOnce()` clauses we've written, since we didn't explicitly write `Times()`), and will return 100, 200, and 300 respectively. - -``` -using ::testing::Return;... -EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GetY()) - .WillOnce(Return(100)) - .WillOnce(Return(200)) - .WillRepeatedly(Return(300)); -``` - -says that `turtle.GetY()` will be called _at least twice_ (Google Mock knows this as we've written two `WillOnce()` clauses and a `WillRepeatedly()` while having no explicit `Times()`), will return 100 the first time, 200 the second time, and 300 from the third time on. - -Of course, if you explicitly write a `Times()`, Google Mock will not try to infer the cardinality itself. What if the number you specified is larger than there are `WillOnce()` clauses? Well, after all `WillOnce()`s are used up, Google Mock will do the _default_ action for the function every time (unless, of course, you have a `WillRepeatedly()`.). - -What can we do inside `WillOnce()` besides `Return()`? You can return a reference using `ReturnRef(variable)`, or invoke a pre-defined function, among [others](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/V1_7_CheatSheet#Actions). - -**Important note:** The `EXPECT_CALL()` statement evaluates the action clause only once, even though the action may be performed many times. Therefore you must be careful about side effects. The following may not do what you want: - -``` -int n = 100; -EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GetX()) -.Times(4) -.WillRepeatedly(Return(n++)); -``` - -Instead of returning 100, 101, 102, ..., consecutively, this mock function will always return 100 as `n++` is only evaluated once. Similarly, `Return(new Foo)` will create a new `Foo` object when the `EXPECT_CALL()` is executed, and will return the same pointer every time. If you want the side effect to happen every time, you need to define a custom action, which we'll teach in the [CookBook](V1_7_CookBook.md). - -Time for another quiz! What do you think the following means? - -``` -using ::testing::Return;... -EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GetY()) -.Times(4) -.WillOnce(Return(100)); -``` - -Obviously `turtle.GetY()` is expected to be called four times. But if you think it will return 100 every time, think twice! Remember that one `WillOnce()` clause will be consumed each time the function is invoked and the default action will be taken afterwards. So the right answer is that `turtle.GetY()` will return 100 the first time, but **return 0 from the second time on**, as returning 0 is the default action for `int` functions. - -## Using Multiple Expectations ## -So far we've only shown examples where you have a single expectation. More realistically, you're going to specify expectations on multiple mock methods, which may be from multiple mock objects. - -By default, when a mock method is invoked, Google Mock will search the expectations in the **reverse order** they are defined, and stop when an active expectation that matches the arguments is found (you can think of it as "newer rules override older ones."). If the matching expectation cannot take any more calls, you will get an upper-bound-violated failure. Here's an example: - -``` -using ::testing::_;... -EXPECT_CALL(turtle, Forward(_)); // #1 -EXPECT_CALL(turtle, Forward(10)) // #2 - .Times(2); -``` - -If `Forward(10)` is called three times in a row, the third time it will be an error, as the last matching expectation (#2) has been saturated. If, however, the third `Forward(10)` call is replaced by `Forward(20)`, then it would be OK, as now #1 will be the matching expectation. - -**Side note:** Why does Google Mock search for a match in the _reverse_ order of the expectations? The reason is that this allows a user to set up the default expectations in a mock object's constructor or the test fixture's set-up phase and then customize the mock by writing more specific expectations in the test body. So, if you have two expectations on the same method, you want to put the one with more specific matchers **after** the other, or the more specific rule would be shadowed by the more general one that comes after it. - -## Ordered vs Unordered Calls ## -By default, an expectation can match a call even though an earlier expectation hasn't been satisfied. In other words, the calls don't have to occur in the order the expectations are specified. - -Sometimes, you may want all the expected calls to occur in a strict order. To say this in Google Mock is easy: - -``` -using ::testing::InSequence;... -TEST(FooTest, DrawsLineSegment) { - ... - { - InSequence dummy; - - EXPECT_CALL(turtle, PenDown()); - EXPECT_CALL(turtle, Forward(100)); - EXPECT_CALL(turtle, PenUp()); - } - Foo(); -} -``` - -By creating an object of type `InSequence`, all expectations in its scope are put into a _sequence_ and have to occur _sequentially_. Since we are just relying on the constructor and destructor of this object to do the actual work, its name is really irrelevant. - -In this example, we test that `Foo()` calls the three expected functions in the order as written. If a call is made out-of-order, it will be an error. - -(What if you care about the relative order of some of the calls, but not all of them? Can you specify an arbitrary partial order? The answer is ... yes! If you are impatient, the details can be found in the [CookBook](V1_7_CookBook#Expecting_Partially_Ordered_Calls.md).) - -## All Expectations Are Sticky (Unless Said Otherwise) ## -Now let's do a quick quiz to see how well you can use this mock stuff already. How would you test that the turtle is asked to go to the origin _exactly twice_ (you want to ignore any other instructions it receives)? - -After you've come up with your answer, take a look at ours and compare notes (solve it yourself first - don't cheat!): - -``` -using ::testing::_;... -EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GoTo(_, _)) // #1 - .Times(AnyNumber()); -EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GoTo(0, 0)) // #2 - .Times(2); -``` - -Suppose `turtle.GoTo(0, 0)` is called three times. In the third time, Google Mock will see that the arguments match expectation #2 (remember that we always pick the last matching expectation). Now, since we said that there should be only two such calls, Google Mock will report an error immediately. This is basically what we've told you in the "Using Multiple Expectations" section above. - -This example shows that **expectations in Google Mock are "sticky" by default**, in the sense that they remain active even after we have reached their invocation upper bounds. This is an important rule to remember, as it affects the meaning of the spec, and is **different** to how it's done in many other mocking frameworks (Why'd we do that? Because we think our rule makes the common cases easier to express and understand.). - -Simple? Let's see if you've really understood it: what does the following code say? - -``` -using ::testing::Return; -... -for (int i = n; i > 0; i--) { - EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GetX()) - .WillOnce(Return(10*i)); -} -``` - -If you think it says that `turtle.GetX()` will be called `n` times and will return 10, 20, 30, ..., consecutively, think twice! The problem is that, as we said, expectations are sticky. So, the second time `turtle.GetX()` is called, the last (latest) `EXPECT_CALL()` statement will match, and will immediately lead to an "upper bound exceeded" error - this piece of code is not very useful! - -One correct way of saying that `turtle.GetX()` will return 10, 20, 30, ..., is to explicitly say that the expectations are _not_ sticky. In other words, they should _retire_ as soon as they are saturated: - -``` -using ::testing::Return; -... -for (int i = n; i > 0; i--) { - EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GetX()) - .WillOnce(Return(10*i)) - .RetiresOnSaturation(); -} -``` - -And, there's a better way to do it: in this case, we expect the calls to occur in a specific order, and we line up the actions to match the order. Since the order is important here, we should make it explicit using a sequence: - -``` -using ::testing::InSequence; -using ::testing::Return; -... -{ - InSequence s; - - for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { - EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GetX()) - .WillOnce(Return(10*i)) - .RetiresOnSaturation(); - } -} -``` - -By the way, the other situation where an expectation may _not_ be sticky is when it's in a sequence - as soon as another expectation that comes after it in the sequence has been used, it automatically retires (and will never be used to match any call). - -## Uninteresting Calls ## -A mock object may have many methods, and not all of them are that interesting. For example, in some tests we may not care about how many times `GetX()` and `GetY()` get called. - -In Google Mock, if you are not interested in a method, just don't say anything about it. If a call to this method occurs, you'll see a warning in the test output, but it won't be a failure. - -# What Now? # -Congratulations! You've learned enough about Google Mock to start using it. Now, you might want to join the [googlemock](http://groups.google.com/group/googlemock) discussion group and actually write some tests using Google Mock - it will be fun. Hey, it may even be addictive - you've been warned. - -Then, if you feel like increasing your mock quotient, you should move on to the [CookBook](V1_7_CookBook.md). You can learn many advanced features of Google Mock there -- and advance your level of enjoyment and testing bliss. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/v1_7/FrequentlyAskedQuestions.md b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/v1_7/FrequentlyAskedQuestions.md deleted file mode 100644 index fa21233..0000000 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/docs/v1_7/FrequentlyAskedQuestions.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,628 +0,0 @@ - - -Please send your questions to the -[googlemock](http://groups.google.com/group/googlemock) discussion -group. If you need help with compiler errors, make sure you have -tried [Google Mock Doctor](#How_am_I_supposed_to_make_sense_of_these_horrible_template_error.md) first. - -## When I call a method on my mock object, the method for the real object is invoked instead. What's the problem? ## - -In order for a method to be mocked, it must be _virtual_, unless you use the [high-perf dependency injection technique](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/V1_7_CookBook#Mocking_Nonvirtual_Methods). - -## I wrote some matchers. After I upgraded to a new version of Google Mock, they no longer compile. What's going on? ## - -After version 1.4.0 of Google Mock was released, we had an idea on how -to make it easier to write matchers that can generate informative -messages efficiently. We experimented with this idea and liked what -we saw. Therefore we decided to implement it. - -Unfortunately, this means that if you have defined your own matchers -by implementing `MatcherInterface` or using `MakePolymorphicMatcher()`, -your definitions will no longer compile. Matchers defined using the -`MATCHER*` family of macros are not affected. - -Sorry for the hassle if your matchers are affected. We believe it's -in everyone's long-term interest to make this change sooner than -later. Fortunately, it's usually not hard to migrate an existing -matcher to the new API. Here's what you need to do: - -If you wrote your matcher like this: -``` -// Old matcher definition that doesn't work with the latest -// Google Mock. -using ::testing::MatcherInterface; -... -class MyWonderfulMatcher : public MatcherInterface { - public: - ... - virtual bool Matches(MyType value) const { - // Returns true if value matches. - return value.GetFoo() > 5; - } - ... -}; -``` - -you'll need to change it to: -``` -// New matcher definition that works with the latest Google Mock. -using ::testing::MatcherInterface; -using ::testing::MatchResultListener; -... -class MyWonderfulMatcher : public MatcherInterface { - public: - ... - virtual bool MatchAndExplain(MyType value, - MatchResultListener* listener) const { - // Returns true if value matches. - return value.GetFoo() > 5; - } - ... -}; -``` -(i.e. rename `Matches()` to `MatchAndExplain()` and give it a second -argument of type `MatchResultListener*`.) - -If you were also using `ExplainMatchResultTo()` to improve the matcher -message: -``` -// Old matcher definition that doesn't work with the lastest -// Google Mock. -using ::testing::MatcherInterface; -... -class MyWonderfulMatcher : public MatcherInterface { - public: - ... - virtual bool Matches(MyType value) const { - // Returns true if value matches. - return value.GetFoo() > 5; - } - - virtual void ExplainMatchResultTo(MyType value, - ::std::ostream* os) const { - // Prints some helpful information to os to help - // a user understand why value matches (or doesn't match). - *os << "the Foo property is " << value.GetFoo(); - } - ... -}; -``` - -you should move the logic of `ExplainMatchResultTo()` into -`MatchAndExplain()`, using the `MatchResultListener` argument where -the `::std::ostream` was used: -``` -// New matcher definition that works with the latest Google Mock. -using ::testing::MatcherInterface; -using ::testing::MatchResultListener; -... -class MyWonderfulMatcher : public MatcherInterface { - public: - ... - virtual bool MatchAndExplain(MyType value, - MatchResultListener* listener) const { - // Returns true if value matches. - *listener << "the Foo property is " << value.GetFoo(); - return value.GetFoo() > 5; - } - ... -}; -``` - -If your matcher is defined using `MakePolymorphicMatcher()`: -``` -// Old matcher definition that doesn't work with the latest -// Google Mock. -using ::testing::MakePolymorphicMatcher; -... -class MyGreatMatcher { - public: - ... - bool Matches(MyType value) const { - // Returns true if value matches. - return value.GetBar() < 42; - } - ... -}; -... MakePolymorphicMatcher(MyGreatMatcher()) ... -``` - -you should rename the `Matches()` method to `MatchAndExplain()` and -add a `MatchResultListener*` argument (the same as what you need to do -for matchers defined by implementing `MatcherInterface`): -``` -// New matcher definition that works with the latest Google Mock. -using ::testing::MakePolymorphicMatcher; -using ::testing::MatchResultListener; -... -class MyGreatMatcher { - public: - ... - bool MatchAndExplain(MyType value, - MatchResultListener* listener) const { - // Returns true if value matches. - return value.GetBar() < 42; - } - ... -}; -... MakePolymorphicMatcher(MyGreatMatcher()) ... -``` - -If your polymorphic matcher uses `ExplainMatchResultTo()` for better -failure messages: -``` -// Old matcher definition that doesn't work with the latest -// Google Mock. -using ::testing::MakePolymorphicMatcher; -... -class MyGreatMatcher { - public: - ... - bool Matches(MyType value) const { - // Returns true if value matches. - return value.GetBar() < 42; - } - ... -}; -void ExplainMatchResultTo(const MyGreatMatcher& matcher, - MyType value, - ::std::ostream* os) { - // Prints some helpful information to os to help - // a user understand why value matches (or doesn't match). - *os << "the Bar property is " << value.GetBar(); -} -... MakePolymorphicMatcher(MyGreatMatcher()) ... -``` - -you'll need to move the logic inside `ExplainMatchResultTo()` to -`MatchAndExplain()`: -``` -// New matcher definition that works with the latest Google Mock. -using ::testing::MakePolymorphicMatcher; -using ::testing::MatchResultListener; -... -class MyGreatMatcher { - public: - ... - bool MatchAndExplain(MyType value, - MatchResultListener* listener) const { - // Returns true if value matches. - *listener << "the Bar property is " << value.GetBar(); - return value.GetBar() < 42; - } - ... -}; -... MakePolymorphicMatcher(MyGreatMatcher()) ... -``` - -For more information, you can read these -[two](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/V1_7_CookBook#Writing_New_Monomorphic_Matchers) -[recipes](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/V1_7_CookBook#Writing_New_Polymorphic_Matchers) -from the cookbook. As always, you -are welcome to post questions on `googlemock@googlegroups.com` if you -need any help. - -## When using Google Mock, do I have to use Google Test as the testing framework? I have my favorite testing framework and don't want to switch. ## - -Google Mock works out of the box with Google Test. However, it's easy -to configure it to work with any testing framework of your choice. -[Here](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/V1_7_ForDummies#Using_Google_Mock_with_Any_Testing_Framework) is how. - -## How am I supposed to make sense of these horrible template errors? ## - -If you are confused by the compiler errors gcc threw at you, -try consulting the _Google Mock Doctor_ tool first. What it does is to -scan stdin for gcc error messages, and spit out diagnoses on the -problems (we call them diseases) your code has. - -To "install", run command: -``` -alias gmd='/scripts/gmock_doctor.py' -``` - -To use it, do: -``` - 2>&1 | gmd -``` - -For example: -``` -make my_test 2>&1 | gmd -``` - -Or you can run `gmd` and copy-n-paste gcc's error messages to it. - -## Can I mock a variadic function? ## - -You cannot mock a variadic function (i.e. a function taking ellipsis -(`...`) arguments) directly in Google Mock. - -The problem is that in general, there is _no way_ for a mock object to -know how many arguments are passed to the variadic method, and what -the arguments' types are. Only the _author of the base class_ knows -the protocol, and we cannot look into his head. - -Therefore, to mock such a function, the _user_ must teach the mock -object how to figure out the number of arguments and their types. One -way to do it is to provide overloaded versions of the function. - -Ellipsis arguments are inherited from C and not really a C++ feature. -They are unsafe to use and don't work with arguments that have -constructors or destructors. Therefore we recommend to avoid them in -C++ as much as possible. - -## MSVC gives me warning C4301 or C4373 when I define a mock method with a const parameter. Why? ## - -If you compile this using Microsoft Visual C++ 2005 SP1: -``` -class Foo { - ... - virtual void Bar(const int i) = 0; -}; - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - ... - MOCK_METHOD1(Bar, void(const int i)); -}; -``` -You may get the following warning: -``` -warning C4301: 'MockFoo::Bar': overriding virtual function only differs from 'Foo::Bar' by const/volatile qualifier -``` - -This is a MSVC bug. The same code compiles fine with gcc ,for -example. If you use Visual C++ 2008 SP1, you would get the warning: -``` -warning C4373: 'MockFoo::Bar': virtual function overrides 'Foo::Bar', previous versions of the compiler did not override when parameters only differed by const/volatile qualifiers -``` - -In C++, if you _declare_ a function with a `const` parameter, the -`const` modifier is _ignored_. Therefore, the `Foo` base class above -is equivalent to: -``` -class Foo { - ... - virtual void Bar(int i) = 0; // int or const int? Makes no difference. -}; -``` - -In fact, you can _declare_ Bar() with an `int` parameter, and _define_ -it with a `const int` parameter. The compiler will still match them -up. - -Since making a parameter `const` is meaningless in the method -_declaration_, we recommend to remove it in both `Foo` and `MockFoo`. -That should workaround the VC bug. - -Note that we are talking about the _top-level_ `const` modifier here. -If the function parameter is passed by pointer or reference, declaring -the _pointee_ or _referee_ as `const` is still meaningful. For -example, the following two declarations are _not_ equivalent: -``` -void Bar(int* p); // Neither p nor *p is const. -void Bar(const int* p); // p is not const, but *p is. -``` - -## I have a huge mock class, and Microsoft Visual C++ runs out of memory when compiling it. What can I do? ## - -We've noticed that when the `/clr` compiler flag is used, Visual C++ -uses 5~6 times as much memory when compiling a mock class. We suggest -to avoid `/clr` when compiling native C++ mocks. - -## I can't figure out why Google Mock thinks my expectations are not satisfied. What should I do? ## - -You might want to run your test with -`--gmock_verbose=info`. This flag lets Google Mock print a trace -of every mock function call it receives. By studying the trace, -you'll gain insights on why the expectations you set are not met. - -## How can I assert that a function is NEVER called? ## - -``` -EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(_)) - .Times(0); -``` - -## I have a failed test where Google Mock tells me TWICE that a particular expectation is not satisfied. Isn't this redundant? ## - -When Google Mock detects a failure, it prints relevant information -(the mock function arguments, the state of relevant expectations, and -etc) to help the user debug. If another failure is detected, Google -Mock will do the same, including printing the state of relevant -expectations. - -Sometimes an expectation's state didn't change between two failures, -and you'll see the same description of the state twice. They are -however _not_ redundant, as they refer to _different points in time_. -The fact they are the same _is_ interesting information. - -## I get a heap check failure when using a mock object, but using a real object is fine. What can be wrong? ## - -Does the class (hopefully a pure interface) you are mocking have a -virtual destructor? - -Whenever you derive from a base class, make sure its destructor is -virtual. Otherwise Bad Things will happen. Consider the following -code: - -``` -class Base { - public: - // Not virtual, but should be. - ~Base() { ... } - ... -}; - -class Derived : public Base { - public: - ... - private: - std::string value_; -}; - -... - Base* p = new Derived; - ... - delete p; // Surprise! ~Base() will be called, but ~Derived() will not - // - value_ is leaked. -``` - -By changing `~Base()` to virtual, `~Derived()` will be correctly -called when `delete p` is executed, and the heap checker -will be happy. - -## The "newer expectations override older ones" rule makes writing expectations awkward. Why does Google Mock do that? ## - -When people complain about this, often they are referring to code like: - -``` -// foo.Bar() should be called twice, return 1 the first time, and return -// 2 the second time. However, I have to write the expectations in the -// reverse order. This sucks big time!!! -EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar()) - .WillOnce(Return(2)) - .RetiresOnSaturation(); -EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar()) - .WillOnce(Return(1)) - .RetiresOnSaturation(); -``` - -The problem is that they didn't pick the **best** way to express the test's -intent. - -By default, expectations don't have to be matched in _any_ particular -order. If you want them to match in a certain order, you need to be -explicit. This is Google Mock's (and jMock's) fundamental philosophy: it's -easy to accidentally over-specify your tests, and we want to make it -harder to do so. - -There are two better ways to write the test spec. You could either -put the expectations in sequence: - -``` -// foo.Bar() should be called twice, return 1 the first time, and return -// 2 the second time. Using a sequence, we can write the expectations -// in their natural order. -{ - InSequence s; - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar()) - .WillOnce(Return(1)) - .RetiresOnSaturation(); - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar()) - .WillOnce(Return(2)) - .RetiresOnSaturation(); -} -``` - -or you can put the sequence of actions in the same expectation: - -``` -// foo.Bar() should be called twice, return 1 the first time, and return -// 2 the second time. -EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar()) - .WillOnce(Return(1)) - .WillOnce(Return(2)) - .RetiresOnSaturation(); -``` - -Back to the original questions: why does Google Mock search the -expectations (and `ON_CALL`s) from back to front? Because this -allows a user to set up a mock's behavior for the common case early -(e.g. in the mock's constructor or the test fixture's set-up phase) -and customize it with more specific rules later. If Google Mock -searches from front to back, this very useful pattern won't be -possible. - -## Google Mock prints a warning when a function without EXPECT\_CALL is called, even if I have set its behavior using ON\_CALL. Would it be reasonable not to show the warning in this case? ## - -When choosing between being neat and being safe, we lean toward the -latter. So the answer is that we think it's better to show the -warning. - -Often people write `ON_CALL`s in the mock object's -constructor or `SetUp()`, as the default behavior rarely changes from -test to test. Then in the test body they set the expectations, which -are often different for each test. Having an `ON_CALL` in the set-up -part of a test doesn't mean that the calls are expected. If there's -no `EXPECT_CALL` and the method is called, it's possibly an error. If -we quietly let the call go through without notifying the user, bugs -may creep in unnoticed. - -If, however, you are sure that the calls are OK, you can write - -``` -EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(_)) - .WillRepeatedly(...); -``` - -instead of - -``` -ON_CALL(foo, Bar(_)) - .WillByDefault(...); -``` - -This tells Google Mock that you do expect the calls and no warning should be -printed. - -Also, you can control the verbosity using the `--gmock_verbose` flag. -If you find the output too noisy when debugging, just choose a less -verbose level. - -## How can I delete the mock function's argument in an action? ## - -If you find yourself needing to perform some action that's not -supported by Google Mock directly, remember that you can define your own -actions using -[MakeAction()](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/V1_7_CookBook#Writing_New_Actions) or -[MakePolymorphicAction()](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/V1_7_CookBook#Writing_New_Polymorphic_Actions), -or you can write a stub function and invoke it using -[Invoke()](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/V1_7_CookBook#Using_Functions_Methods_Functors). - -## MOCK\_METHODn()'s second argument looks funny. Why don't you use the MOCK\_METHODn(Method, return\_type, arg\_1, ..., arg\_n) syntax? ## - -What?! I think it's beautiful. :-) - -While which syntax looks more natural is a subjective matter to some -extent, Google Mock's syntax was chosen for several practical advantages it -has. - -Try to mock a function that takes a map as an argument: -``` -virtual int GetSize(const map& m); -``` - -Using the proposed syntax, it would be: -``` -MOCK_METHOD1(GetSize, int, const map& m); -``` - -Guess what? You'll get a compiler error as the compiler thinks that -`const map& m` are **two**, not one, arguments. To work -around this you can use `typedef` to give the map type a name, but -that gets in the way of your work. Google Mock's syntax avoids this -problem as the function's argument types are protected inside a pair -of parentheses: -``` -// This compiles fine. -MOCK_METHOD1(GetSize, int(const map& m)); -``` - -You still need a `typedef` if the return type contains an unprotected -comma, but that's much rarer. - -Other advantages include: - 1. `MOCK_METHOD1(Foo, int, bool)` can leave a reader wonder whether the method returns `int` or `bool`, while there won't be such confusion using Google Mock's syntax. - 1. The way Google Mock describes a function type is nothing new, although many people may not be familiar with it. The same syntax was used in C, and the `function` library in `tr1` uses this syntax extensively. Since `tr1` will become a part of the new version of STL, we feel very comfortable to be consistent with it. - 1. The function type syntax is also used in other parts of Google Mock's API (e.g. the action interface) in order to make the implementation tractable. A user needs to learn it anyway in order to utilize Google Mock's more advanced features. We'd as well stick to the same syntax in `MOCK_METHOD*`! - -## My code calls a static/global function. Can I mock it? ## - -You can, but you need to make some changes. - -In general, if you find yourself needing to mock a static function, -it's a sign that your modules are too tightly coupled (and less -flexible, less reusable, less testable, etc). You are probably better -off defining a small interface and call the function through that -interface, which then can be easily mocked. It's a bit of work -initially, but usually pays for itself quickly. - -This Google Testing Blog -[post](http://googletesting.blogspot.com/2008/06/defeat-static-cling.html) -says it excellently. Check it out. - -## My mock object needs to do complex stuff. It's a lot of pain to specify the actions. Google Mock sucks! ## - -I know it's not a question, but you get an answer for free any way. :-) - -With Google Mock, you can create mocks in C++ easily. And people might be -tempted to use them everywhere. Sometimes they work great, and -sometimes you may find them, well, a pain to use. So, what's wrong in -the latter case? - -When you write a test without using mocks, you exercise the code and -assert that it returns the correct value or that the system is in an -expected state. This is sometimes called "state-based testing". - -Mocks are great for what some call "interaction-based" testing: -instead of checking the system state at the very end, mock objects -verify that they are invoked the right way and report an error as soon -as it arises, giving you a handle on the precise context in which the -error was triggered. This is often more effective and economical to -do than state-based testing. - -If you are doing state-based testing and using a test double just to -simulate the real object, you are probably better off using a fake. -Using a mock in this case causes pain, as it's not a strong point for -mocks to perform complex actions. If you experience this and think -that mocks suck, you are just not using the right tool for your -problem. Or, you might be trying to solve the wrong problem. :-) - -## I got a warning "Uninteresting function call encountered - default action taken.." Should I panic? ## - -By all means, NO! It's just an FYI. - -What it means is that you have a mock function, you haven't set any -expectations on it (by Google Mock's rule this means that you are not -interested in calls to this function and therefore it can be called -any number of times), and it is called. That's OK - you didn't say -it's not OK to call the function! - -What if you actually meant to disallow this function to be called, but -forgot to write `EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar()).Times(0)`? While -one can argue that it's the user's fault, Google Mock tries to be nice and -prints you a note. - -So, when you see the message and believe that there shouldn't be any -uninteresting calls, you should investigate what's going on. To make -your life easier, Google Mock prints the function name and arguments -when an uninteresting call is encountered. - -## I want to define a custom action. Should I use Invoke() or implement the action interface? ## - -Either way is fine - you want to choose the one that's more convenient -for your circumstance. - -Usually, if your action is for a particular function type, defining it -using `Invoke()` should be easier; if your action can be used in -functions of different types (e.g. if you are defining -`Return(value)`), `MakePolymorphicAction()` is -easiest. Sometimes you want precise control on what types of -functions the action can be used in, and implementing -`ActionInterface` is the way to go here. See the implementation of -`Return()` in `include/gmock/gmock-actions.h` for an example. - -## I'm using the set-argument-pointee action, and the compiler complains about "conflicting return type specified". What does it mean? ## - -You got this error as Google Mock has no idea what value it should return -when the mock method is called. `SetArgPointee()` says what the -side effect is, but doesn't say what the return value should be. You -need `DoAll()` to chain a `SetArgPointee()` with a `Return()`. - -See this [recipe](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/V1_7_CookBook#Mocking_Side_Effects) for more details and an example. - - -## My question is not in your FAQ! ## - -If you cannot find the answer to your question in this FAQ, there are -some other resources you can use: - - 1. read other [wiki pages](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/w/list), - 1. search the mailing list [archive](http://groups.google.com/group/googlemock/topics), - 1. ask it on [googlemock@googlegroups.com](mailto:googlemock@googlegroups.com) and someone will answer it (to prevent spam, we require you to join the [discussion group](http://groups.google.com/group/googlemock) before you can post.). - -Please note that creating an issue in the -[issue tracker](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/issues/list) is _not_ -a good way to get your answer, as it is monitored infrequently by a -very small number of people. - -When asking a question, it's helpful to provide as much of the -following information as possible (people cannot help you if there's -not enough information in your question): - - * the version (or the revision number if you check out from SVN directly) of Google Mock you use (Google Mock is under active development, so it's possible that your problem has been solved in a later version), - * your operating system, - * the name and version of your compiler, - * the complete command line flags you give to your compiler, - * the complete compiler error messages (if the question is about compilation), - * the _actual_ code (ideally, a minimal but complete program) that has the problem you encounter. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-actions.h b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-actions.h index b3f654a..f12d39b 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-actions.h +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-actions.h @@ -26,13 +26,14 @@ // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. -// -// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan) + // Google Mock - a framework for writing C++ mock classes. // // This file implements some commonly used actions. +// GOOGLETEST_CM0002 DO NOT DELETE + #ifndef GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_ACTIONS_H_ #define GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_ACTIONS_H_ @@ -41,13 +42,18 @@ #endif #include +#include +#include #include +#include +#include #include "gmock/internal/gmock-internal-utils.h" #include "gmock/internal/gmock-port.h" -#if GTEST_HAS_STD_TYPE_TRAITS_ // Defined by gtest-port.h via gmock-port.h. -#include +#ifdef _MSC_VER +# pragma warning(push) +# pragma warning(disable:4100) #endif namespace testing { @@ -63,9 +69,6 @@ namespace testing { namespace internal { -template -class ActionAdaptor; - // BuiltInDefaultValueGetter::Get() returns a // default-constructed T value. BuiltInDefaultValueGetter::Get() crashes with an error. @@ -96,8 +99,8 @@ struct BuiltInDefaultValueGetter { template class BuiltInDefaultValue { public: -#if GTEST_HAS_STD_TYPE_TRAITS_ - // This function returns true iff type T has a built-in default value. + // This function returns true if and only if type T has a built-in default + // value. static bool Exists() { return ::std::is_default_constructible::value; } @@ -106,18 +109,6 @@ class BuiltInDefaultValue { return BuiltInDefaultValueGetter< T, ::std::is_default_constructible::value>::Get(); } - -#else // GTEST_HAS_STD_TYPE_TRAITS_ - // This function returns true iff type T has a built-in default value. - static bool Exists() { - return false; - } - - static T Get() { - return BuiltInDefaultValueGetter::Get(); - } - -#endif // GTEST_HAS_STD_TYPE_TRAITS_ }; // This partial specialization says that we use the same built-in @@ -135,7 +126,7 @@ template class BuiltInDefaultValue { public: static bool Exists() { return true; } - static T* Get() { return NULL; } + static T* Get() { return nullptr; } }; // The following specializations define the default values for @@ -149,9 +140,6 @@ class BuiltInDefaultValue { } GMOCK_DEFINE_DEFAULT_ACTION_FOR_RETURN_TYPE_(void, ); // NOLINT -#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING -GMOCK_DEFINE_DEFAULT_ACTION_FOR_RETURN_TYPE_(::string, ""); -#endif // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING GMOCK_DEFINE_DEFAULT_ACTION_FOR_RETURN_TYPE_(::std::string, ""); GMOCK_DEFINE_DEFAULT_ACTION_FOR_RETURN_TYPE_(bool, false); GMOCK_DEFINE_DEFAULT_ACTION_FOR_RETURN_TYPE_(unsigned char, '\0'); @@ -218,11 +206,11 @@ class DefaultValue { // Unsets the default value for type T. static void Clear() { delete producer_; - producer_ = NULL; + producer_ = nullptr; } - // Returns true iff the user has set the default value for type T. - static bool IsSet() { return producer_ != NULL; } + // Returns true if and only if the user has set the default value for type T. + static bool IsSet() { return producer_ != nullptr; } // Returns true if T has a default return value set by the user or there // exists a built-in default value. @@ -234,8 +222,8 @@ class DefaultValue { // otherwise returns the built-in default value. Requires that Exists() // is true, which ensures that the return value is well-defined. static T Get() { - return producer_ == NULL ? - internal::BuiltInDefaultValue::Get() : producer_->Produce(); + return producer_ == nullptr ? internal::BuiltInDefaultValue::Get() + : producer_->Produce(); } private: @@ -248,7 +236,7 @@ class DefaultValue { class FixedValueProducer : public ValueProducer { public: explicit FixedValueProducer(T value) : value_(value) {} - virtual T Produce() { return value_; } + T Produce() override { return value_; } private: const T value_; @@ -259,7 +247,7 @@ class DefaultValue { public: explicit FactoryValueProducer(FactoryFunction factory) : factory_(factory) {} - virtual T Produce() { return factory_(); } + T Produce() override { return factory_(); } private: const FactoryFunction factory_; @@ -280,12 +268,10 @@ class DefaultValue { } // Unsets the default value for type T&. - static void Clear() { - address_ = NULL; - } + static void Clear() { address_ = nullptr; } - // Returns true iff the user has set the default value for type T&. - static bool IsSet() { return address_ != NULL; } + // Returns true if and only if the user has set the default value for type T&. + static bool IsSet() { return address_ != nullptr; } // Returns true if T has a default return value set by the user or there // exists a built-in default value. @@ -297,8 +283,8 @@ class DefaultValue { // otherwise returns the built-in default value if there is one; // otherwise aborts the process. static T& Get() { - return address_ == NULL ? - internal::BuiltInDefaultValue::Get() : *address_; + return address_ == nullptr ? internal::BuiltInDefaultValue::Get() + : *address_; } private: @@ -316,11 +302,11 @@ class DefaultValue { // Points to the user-set default value for type T. template -typename DefaultValue::ValueProducer* DefaultValue::producer_ = NULL; +typename DefaultValue::ValueProducer* DefaultValue::producer_ = nullptr; // Points to the user-set default value for type T&. template -T* DefaultValue::address_ = NULL; +T* DefaultValue::address_ = nullptr; // Implement this interface to define an action for function type F. template @@ -345,38 +331,53 @@ class ActionInterface { // An Action is a copyable and IMMUTABLE (except by assignment) // object that represents an action to be taken when a mock function // of type F is called. The implementation of Action is just a -// linked_ptr to const ActionInterface, so copying is fairly cheap. -// Don't inherit from Action! -// +// std::shared_ptr to const ActionInterface. Don't inherit from Action! // You can view an object implementing ActionInterface as a // concrete action (including its current state), and an Action // object as a handle to it. template class Action { + // Adapter class to allow constructing Action from a legacy ActionInterface. + // New code should create Actions from functors instead. + struct ActionAdapter { + // Adapter must be copyable to satisfy std::function requirements. + ::std::shared_ptr> impl_; + + template + typename internal::Function::Result operator()(Args&&... args) { + return impl_->Perform( + ::std::forward_as_tuple(::std::forward(args)...)); + } + }; + public: typedef typename internal::Function::Result Result; typedef typename internal::Function::ArgumentTuple ArgumentTuple; // Constructs a null Action. Needed for storing Action objects in // STL containers. - Action() : impl_(NULL) {} + Action() {} - // Constructs an Action from its implementation. A NULL impl is - // used to represent the "do-default" action. - explicit Action(ActionInterface* impl) : impl_(impl) {} + // Construct an Action from a specified callable. + // This cannot take std::function directly, because then Action would not be + // directly constructible from lambda (it would require two conversions). + template , G>::value>::type> + Action(G&& fun) : fun_(::std::forward(fun)) {} // NOLINT - // Copy constructor. - Action(const Action& action) : impl_(action.impl_) {} + // Constructs an Action from its implementation. + explicit Action(ActionInterface* impl) + : fun_(ActionAdapter{::std::shared_ptr>(impl)}) {} // This constructor allows us to turn an Action object into an // Action, as long as F's arguments can be implicitly converted - // to Func's and Func's return type can be implicitly converted to - // F's. + // to Func's and Func's return type can be implicitly converted to F's. template - explicit Action(const Action& action); + explicit Action(const Action& action) : fun_(action.fun_) {} - // Returns true iff this is the DoDefault() action. - bool IsDoDefault() const { return impl_.get() == NULL; } + // Returns true if and only if this is the DoDefault() action. + bool IsDoDefault() const { return fun_ == nullptr; } // Performs the action. Note that this method is const even though // the corresponding method in ActionInterface is not. The reason @@ -384,22 +385,19 @@ class Action { // another concrete action, not that the concrete action it binds to // cannot change state. (Think of the difference between a const // pointer and a pointer to const.) - Result Perform(const ArgumentTuple& args) const { - internal::Assert( - !IsDoDefault(), __FILE__, __LINE__, - "You are using DoDefault() inside a composite action like " - "DoAll() or WithArgs(). This is not supported for technical " - "reasons. Please instead spell out the default action, or " - "assign the default action to an Action variable and use " - "the variable in various places."); - return impl_->Perform(args); + Result Perform(ArgumentTuple args) const { + if (IsDoDefault()) { + internal::IllegalDoDefault(__FILE__, __LINE__); + } + return internal::Apply(fun_, ::std::move(args)); } private: - template - friend class internal::ActionAdaptor; + template + friend class Action; - internal::linked_ptr > impl_; + // fun_ is an empty function if and only if this is the DoDefault() action. + ::std::function fun_; }; // The PolymorphicAction class template makes it easy to implement a @@ -414,7 +412,7 @@ class Action { // template // Result Perform(const ArgumentTuple& args) const { // // Processes the arguments and returns a result, using -// // tr1::get(args) to get the N-th (0-based) argument in the tuple. +// // std::get(args) to get the N-th (0-based) argument in the tuple. // } // ... // }; @@ -442,7 +440,7 @@ class PolymorphicAction { explicit MonomorphicImpl(const Impl& impl) : impl_(impl) {} - virtual Result Perform(const ArgumentTuple& args) { + Result Perform(const ArgumentTuple& args) override { return impl_.template Perform(args); } @@ -478,31 +476,11 @@ inline PolymorphicAction MakePolymorphicAction(const Impl& impl) { namespace internal { -// Allows an Action object to pose as an Action, as long as F2 -// and F1 are compatible. -template -class ActionAdaptor : public ActionInterface { - public: - typedef typename internal::Function::Result Result; - typedef typename internal::Function::ArgumentTuple ArgumentTuple; - - explicit ActionAdaptor(const Action& from) : impl_(from.impl_) {} - - virtual Result Perform(const ArgumentTuple& args) { - return impl_->Perform(args); - } - - private: - const internal::linked_ptr > impl_; - - GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(ActionAdaptor); -}; - // Helper struct to specialize ReturnAction to execute a move instead of a copy // on return. Useful for move-only types, but could be used on any type. template struct ByMoveWrapper { - explicit ByMoveWrapper(T value) : payload(internal::move(value)) {} + explicit ByMoveWrapper(T value) : payload(std::move(value)) {} T payload; }; @@ -530,18 +508,21 @@ struct ByMoveWrapper { // statement, and conversion of the result of Return to Action is a // good place for that. // +// The real life example of the above scenario happens when an invocation +// of gtl::Container() is passed into Return. +// template class ReturnAction { public: // Constructs a ReturnAction object from the value to be returned. // 'value' is passed by value instead of by const reference in order // to allow Return("string literal") to compile. - explicit ReturnAction(R value) : value_(new R(internal::move(value))) {} + explicit ReturnAction(R value) : value_(new R(std::move(value))) {} // This template type conversion operator allows Return(x) to be // used in ANY function that returns x's type. template - operator Action() const { + operator Action() const { // NOLINT // Assert statement belongs here because this is the best place to verify // conditions on F. It produces the clearest error messages // in most compilers. @@ -552,8 +533,10 @@ class ReturnAction { // in the Impl class. But both definitions must be the same. typedef typename Function::Result Result; GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_( - !is_reference::value, + !std::is_reference::value, use_ReturnRef_instead_of_Return_to_return_a_reference); + static_assert(!std::is_void::value, + "Can't use Return() on an action expected to return `void`."); return Action(new Impl(value_)); } @@ -572,14 +555,14 @@ class ReturnAction { // Result to call. ImplicitCast_ forces the compiler to convert R to // Result without considering explicit constructors, thus resolving the // ambiguity. value_ is then initialized using its copy constructor. - explicit Impl(const linked_ptr& value) + explicit Impl(const std::shared_ptr& value) : value_before_cast_(*value), value_(ImplicitCast_(value_before_cast_)) {} - virtual Result Perform(const ArgumentTuple&) { return value_; } + Result Perform(const ArgumentTuple&) override { return value_; } private: - GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(!is_reference::value, + GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(!std::is_reference::value, Result_cannot_be_a_reference_type); // We save the value before casting just in case it is being cast to a // wrapper type. @@ -597,24 +580,24 @@ class ReturnAction { typedef typename Function::Result Result; typedef typename Function::ArgumentTuple ArgumentTuple; - explicit Impl(const linked_ptr& wrapper) + explicit Impl(const std::shared_ptr& wrapper) : performed_(false), wrapper_(wrapper) {} - virtual Result Perform(const ArgumentTuple&) { + Result Perform(const ArgumentTuple&) override { GTEST_CHECK_(!performed_) << "A ByMove() action should only be performed once."; performed_ = true; - return internal::move(wrapper_->payload); + return std::move(wrapper_->payload); } private: bool performed_; - const linked_ptr wrapper_; + const std::shared_ptr wrapper_; GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(Impl); }; - const linked_ptr value_; + const std::shared_ptr value_; GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(ReturnAction); }; @@ -627,13 +610,7 @@ class ReturnNullAction { // pointer type on compile time. template static Result Perform(const ArgumentTuple&) { -#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11 return nullptr; -#else - GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(internal::is_pointer::value, - ReturnNull_can_be_used_to_return_a_pointer_only); - return NULL; -#endif // GTEST_LANG_CXX11 } }; @@ -643,7 +620,7 @@ class ReturnVoidAction { // Allows Return() to be used in any void-returning function. template static void Perform(const ArgumentTuple&) { - CompileAssertTypesEqual(); + static_assert(std::is_void::value, "Result should be void."); } }; @@ -664,7 +641,7 @@ class ReturnRefAction { // Asserts that the function return type is a reference. This // catches the user error of using ReturnRef(x) when Return(x) // should be used, and generates some helpful error message. - GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(internal::is_reference::value, + GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(std::is_reference::value, use_Return_instead_of_ReturnRef_to_return_a_value); return Action(new Impl(ref_)); } @@ -679,9 +656,7 @@ class ReturnRefAction { explicit Impl(T& ref) : ref_(ref) {} // NOLINT - virtual Result Perform(const ArgumentTuple&) { - return ref_; - } + Result Perform(const ArgumentTuple&) override { return ref_; } private: T& ref_; @@ -713,7 +688,7 @@ class ReturnRefOfCopyAction { // catches the user error of using ReturnRefOfCopy(x) when Return(x) // should be used, and generates some helpful error message. GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_( - internal::is_reference::value, + std::is_reference::value, use_Return_instead_of_ReturnRefOfCopy_to_return_a_value); return Action(new Impl(value_)); } @@ -728,9 +703,7 @@ class ReturnRefOfCopyAction { explicit Impl(const T& value) : value_(value) {} // NOLINT - virtual Result Perform(const ArgumentTuple&) { - return value_; - } + Result Perform(const ArgumentTuple&) override { return value_; } private: T value_; @@ -749,7 +722,7 @@ class DoDefaultAction { // This template type conversion operator allows DoDefault() to be // used in any function. template - operator Action() const { return Action(NULL); } + operator Action() const { return Action(); } // NOLINT }; // Implements the Assign action to set a given pointer referent to a @@ -797,92 +770,58 @@ class SetErrnoAndReturnAction { #endif // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE // Implements the SetArgumentPointee(x) action for any function -// whose N-th argument (0-based) is a pointer to x's type. The -// template parameter kIsProto is true iff type A is ProtocolMessage, -// proto2::Message, or a sub-class of those. -template -class SetArgumentPointeeAction { - public: - // Constructs an action that sets the variable pointed to by the - // N-th function argument to 'value'. - explicit SetArgumentPointeeAction(const A& value) : value_(value) {} +// whose N-th argument (0-based) is a pointer to x's type. +template +struct SetArgumentPointeeAction { + A value; - template - void Perform(const ArgumentTuple& args) const { - CompileAssertTypesEqual(); - *::testing::get(args) = value_; + template + void operator()(const Args&... args) const { + *::std::get(std::tie(args...)) = value; } - - private: - const A value_; - - GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(SetArgumentPointeeAction); }; -template -class SetArgumentPointeeAction { - public: - // Constructs an action that sets the variable pointed to by the - // N-th function argument to 'proto'. Both ProtocolMessage and - // proto2::Message have the CopyFrom() method, so the same - // implementation works for both. - explicit SetArgumentPointeeAction(const Proto& proto) : proto_(new Proto) { - proto_->CopyFrom(proto); +// Implements the Invoke(object_ptr, &Class::Method) action. +template +struct InvokeMethodAction { + Class* const obj_ptr; + const MethodPtr method_ptr; + + template + auto operator()(Args&&... args) const + -> decltype((obj_ptr->*method_ptr)(std::forward(args)...)) { + return (obj_ptr->*method_ptr)(std::forward(args)...); } - - template - void Perform(const ArgumentTuple& args) const { - CompileAssertTypesEqual(); - ::testing::get(args)->CopyFrom(*proto_); - } - - private: - const internal::linked_ptr proto_; - - GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(SetArgumentPointeeAction); }; // Implements the InvokeWithoutArgs(f) action. The template argument // FunctionImpl is the implementation type of f, which can be either a // function pointer or a functor. InvokeWithoutArgs(f) can be used as an -// Action as long as f's type is compatible with F (i.e. f can be -// assigned to a tr1::function). +// Action as long as f's type is compatible with F. template -class InvokeWithoutArgsAction { - public: - // The c'tor makes a copy of function_impl (either a function - // pointer or a functor). - explicit InvokeWithoutArgsAction(FunctionImpl function_impl) - : function_impl_(function_impl) {} +struct InvokeWithoutArgsAction { + FunctionImpl function_impl; // Allows InvokeWithoutArgs(f) to be used as any action whose type is // compatible with f. - template - Result Perform(const ArgumentTuple&) { return function_impl_(); } - - private: - FunctionImpl function_impl_; - - GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(InvokeWithoutArgsAction); + template + auto operator()(const Args&...) -> decltype(function_impl()) { + return function_impl(); + } }; // Implements the InvokeWithoutArgs(object_ptr, &Class::Method) action. template -class InvokeMethodWithoutArgsAction { - public: - InvokeMethodWithoutArgsAction(Class* obj_ptr, MethodPtr method_ptr) - : obj_ptr_(obj_ptr), method_ptr_(method_ptr) {} +struct InvokeMethodWithoutArgsAction { + Class* const obj_ptr; + const MethodPtr method_ptr; - template - Result Perform(const ArgumentTuple&) const { - return (obj_ptr_->*method_ptr_)(); + using ReturnType = typename std::result_of::type; + + template + ReturnType operator()(const Args&...) const { + return (obj_ptr->*method_ptr)(); } - - private: - Class* const obj_ptr_; - const MethodPtr method_ptr_; - - GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(InvokeMethodWithoutArgsAction); }; // Implements the IgnoreResult(action) action. @@ -904,7 +843,7 @@ class IgnoreResultAction { typedef typename internal::Function::Result Result; // Asserts at compile time that F returns void. - CompileAssertTypesEqual(); + static_assert(std::is_void::value, "Result type should be void."); return Action(new Impl(action_)); } @@ -918,7 +857,7 @@ class IgnoreResultAction { explicit Impl(const A& action) : action_(action) {} - virtual void Perform(const ArgumentTuple& args) { + void Perform(const ArgumentTuple& args) override { // Performs the action and ignores its result. action_.Perform(args); } @@ -939,76 +878,51 @@ class IgnoreResultAction { GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(IgnoreResultAction); }; -// A ReferenceWrapper object represents a reference to type T, -// which can be either const or not. It can be explicitly converted -// from, and implicitly converted to, a T&. Unlike a reference, -// ReferenceWrapper can be copied and can survive template type -// inference. This is used to support by-reference arguments in the -// InvokeArgument(...) action. The idea was from "reference -// wrappers" in tr1, which we don't have in our source tree yet. -template -class ReferenceWrapper { - public: - // Constructs a ReferenceWrapper object from a T&. - explicit ReferenceWrapper(T& l_value) : pointer_(&l_value) {} // NOLINT +template +struct WithArgsAction { + InnerAction action; - // Allows a ReferenceWrapper object to be implicitly converted to - // a T&. - operator T&() const { return *pointer_; } - private: - T* pointer_; + // The inner action could be anything convertible to Action. + // We use the conversion operator to detect the signature of the inner Action. + template + operator Action() const { // NOLINT + Action>::type...)> + converted(action); + + return [converted](Args... args) -> R { + return converted.Perform(std::forward_as_tuple( + std::get(std::forward_as_tuple(std::forward(args)...))...)); + }; + } }; -// Allows the expression ByRef(x) to be printed as a reference to x. -template -void PrintTo(const ReferenceWrapper& ref, ::std::ostream* os) { - T& value = ref; - UniversalPrinter::Print(value, os); -} - -// Does two actions sequentially. Used for implementing the DoAll(a1, -// a2, ...) action. -template -class DoBothAction { - public: - DoBothAction(Action1 action1, Action2 action2) - : action1_(action1), action2_(action2) {} - - // This template type conversion operator allows DoAll(a1, ..., a_n) - // to be used in ANY function of compatible type. - template - operator Action() const { - return Action(new Impl(action1_, action2_)); +template +struct DoAllAction { + private: + template + std::vector> Convert(IndexSequence) const { + return {std::get(actions)...}; } - private: - // Implements the DoAll(...) action for a particular function type F. - template - class Impl : public ActionInterface { - public: - typedef typename Function::Result Result; - typedef typename Function::ArgumentTuple ArgumentTuple; - typedef typename Function::MakeResultVoid VoidResult; + public: + std::tuple actions; - Impl(const Action& action1, const Action& action2) - : action1_(action1), action2_(action2) {} - - virtual Result Perform(const ArgumentTuple& args) { - action1_.Perform(args); - return action2_.Perform(args); - } - - private: - const Action action1_; - const Action action2_; - - GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(Impl); - }; - - Action1 action1_; - Action2 action2_; - - GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(DoBothAction); + template + operator Action() const { // NOLINT + struct Op { + std::vector> converted; + Action last; + R operator()(Args... args) const { + auto tuple_args = std::forward_as_tuple(std::forward(args)...); + for (auto& a : converted) { + a.Perform(tuple_args); + } + return last.Perform(tuple_args); + } + }; + return Op{Convert(MakeIndexSequence()), + std::get(actions)}; + } }; } // namespace internal @@ -1029,9 +943,9 @@ class DoBothAction { // return sqrt(x*x + y*y); // } // ... -// EXEPCT_CALL(mock, Foo("abc", _, _)) +// EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo("abc", _, _)) // .WillOnce(Invoke(DistanceToOriginWithLabel)); -// EXEPCT_CALL(mock, Bar(5, _, _)) +// EXPECT_CALL(mock, Bar(5, _, _)) // .WillOnce(Invoke(DistanceToOriginWithIndex)); // // you could write @@ -1041,25 +955,55 @@ class DoBothAction { // return sqrt(x*x + y*y); // } // ... -// EXEPCT_CALL(mock, Foo("abc", _, _)).WillOnce(Invoke(DistanceToOrigin)); -// EXEPCT_CALL(mock, Bar(5, _, _)).WillOnce(Invoke(DistanceToOrigin)); +// EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo("abc", _, _)).WillOnce(Invoke(DistanceToOrigin)); +// EXPECT_CALL(mock, Bar(5, _, _)).WillOnce(Invoke(DistanceToOrigin)); typedef internal::IgnoredValue Unused; -// This constructor allows us to turn an Action object into an -// Action, as long as To's arguments can be implicitly converted -// to From's and From's return type cann be implicitly converted to -// To's. -template -template -Action::Action(const Action& from) - : impl_(new internal::ActionAdaptor(from)) {} +// Creates an action that does actions a1, a2, ..., sequentially in +// each invocation. +template +internal::DoAllAction::type...> DoAll( + Action&&... action) { + return {std::forward_as_tuple(std::forward(action)...)}; +} + +// WithArg(an_action) creates an action that passes the k-th +// (0-based) argument of the mock function to an_action and performs +// it. It adapts an action accepting one argument to one that accepts +// multiple arguments. For convenience, we also provide +// WithArgs(an_action) (defined below) as a synonym. +template +internal::WithArgsAction::type, k> +WithArg(InnerAction&& action) { + return {std::forward(action)}; +} + +// WithArgs(an_action) creates an action that passes +// the selected arguments of the mock function to an_action and +// performs it. It serves as an adaptor between actions with +// different argument lists. +template +internal::WithArgsAction::type, k, ks...> +WithArgs(InnerAction&& action) { + return {std::forward(action)}; +} + +// WithoutArgs(inner_action) can be used in a mock function with a +// non-empty argument list to perform inner_action, which takes no +// argument. In other words, it adapts an action accepting no +// argument to one that accepts (and ignores) arguments. +template +internal::WithArgsAction::type> +WithoutArgs(InnerAction&& action) { + return {std::forward(action)}; +} // Creates an action that returns 'value'. 'value' is passed by value // instead of const reference - otherwise Return("string literal") // will trigger a compiler error about using array as initializer. template internal::ReturnAction Return(R value) { - return internal::ReturnAction(internal::move(value)); + return internal::ReturnAction(std::move(value)); } // Creates an action that returns NULL. @@ -1092,7 +1036,7 @@ inline internal::ReturnRefOfCopyAction ReturnRefOfCopy(const R& x) { // invariant. template internal::ByMoveWrapper ByMove(R x) { - return internal::ByMoveWrapper(internal::move(x)); + return internal::ByMoveWrapper(std::move(x)); } // Creates an action that does the default action for the give mock function. @@ -1103,43 +1047,14 @@ inline internal::DoDefaultAction DoDefault() { // Creates an action that sets the variable pointed by the N-th // (0-based) function argument to 'value'. template -PolymorphicAction< - internal::SetArgumentPointeeAction< - N, T, internal::IsAProtocolMessage::value> > -SetArgPointee(const T& x) { - return MakePolymorphicAction(internal::SetArgumentPointeeAction< - N, T, internal::IsAProtocolMessage::value>(x)); +internal::SetArgumentPointeeAction SetArgPointee(T x) { + return {std::move(x)}; } -#if !((GTEST_GCC_VER_ && GTEST_GCC_VER_ < 40000) || GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN) -// This overload allows SetArgPointee() to accept a string literal. -// GCC prior to the version 4.0 and Symbian C++ compiler cannot distinguish -// this overload from the templated version and emit a compile error. -template -PolymorphicAction< - internal::SetArgumentPointeeAction > -SetArgPointee(const char* p) { - return MakePolymorphicAction(internal::SetArgumentPointeeAction< - N, const char*, false>(p)); -} - -template -PolymorphicAction< - internal::SetArgumentPointeeAction > -SetArgPointee(const wchar_t* p) { - return MakePolymorphicAction(internal::SetArgumentPointeeAction< - N, const wchar_t*, false>(p)); -} -#endif - // The following version is DEPRECATED. template -PolymorphicAction< - internal::SetArgumentPointeeAction< - N, T, internal::IsAProtocolMessage::value> > -SetArgumentPointee(const T& x) { - return MakePolymorphicAction(internal::SetArgumentPointeeAction< - N, T, internal::IsAProtocolMessage::value>(x)); +internal::SetArgumentPointeeAction SetArgumentPointee(T x) { + return {std::move(x)}; } // Creates an action that sets a pointer referent to a given value. @@ -1160,24 +1075,38 @@ SetErrnoAndReturn(int errval, T result) { #endif // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE -// Various overloads for InvokeWithoutArgs(). +// Various overloads for Invoke(). + +// Legacy function. +// Actions can now be implicitly constructed from callables. No need to create +// wrapper objects. +// This function exists for backwards compatibility. +template +typename std::decay::type Invoke(FunctionImpl&& function_impl) { + return std::forward(function_impl); +} + +// Creates an action that invokes the given method on the given object +// with the mock function's arguments. +template +internal::InvokeMethodAction Invoke(Class* obj_ptr, + MethodPtr method_ptr) { + return {obj_ptr, method_ptr}; +} // Creates an action that invokes 'function_impl' with no argument. template -PolymorphicAction > +internal::InvokeWithoutArgsAction::type> InvokeWithoutArgs(FunctionImpl function_impl) { - return MakePolymorphicAction( - internal::InvokeWithoutArgsAction(function_impl)); + return {std::move(function_impl)}; } // Creates an action that invokes the given method on the given object // with no argument. template -PolymorphicAction > -InvokeWithoutArgs(Class* obj_ptr, MethodPtr method_ptr) { - return MakePolymorphicAction( - internal::InvokeMethodWithoutArgsAction( - obj_ptr, method_ptr)); +internal::InvokeMethodWithoutArgsAction InvokeWithoutArgs( + Class* obj_ptr, MethodPtr method_ptr) { + return {obj_ptr, method_ptr}; } // Creates an action that performs an_action and throws away its @@ -1195,11 +1124,19 @@ inline internal::IgnoreResultAction IgnoreResult(const A& an_action) { // where Base is a base class of Derived, just write: // // ByRef(derived) +// +// N.B. ByRef is redundant with std::ref, std::cref and std::reference_wrapper. +// However, it may still be used for consistency with ByMove(). template -inline internal::ReferenceWrapper ByRef(T& l_value) { // NOLINT - return internal::ReferenceWrapper(l_value); +inline ::std::reference_wrapper ByRef(T& l_value) { // NOLINT + return ::std::reference_wrapper(l_value); } } // namespace testing +#ifdef _MSC_VER +# pragma warning(pop) +#endif + + #endif // GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_ACTIONS_H_ diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-cardinalities.h b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-cardinalities.h index fc315f9..46e01e1 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-cardinalities.h +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-cardinalities.h @@ -26,8 +26,7 @@ // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. -// -// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan) + // Google Mock - a framework for writing C++ mock classes. // @@ -35,14 +34,20 @@ // cardinalities can be defined by the user implementing the // CardinalityInterface interface if necessary. +// GOOGLETEST_CM0002 DO NOT DELETE + #ifndef GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_CARDINALITIES_H_ #define GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_CARDINALITIES_H_ #include +#include #include // NOLINT #include "gmock/internal/gmock-port.h" #include "gtest/gtest.h" +GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4251 \ +/* class A needs to have dll-interface to be used by clients of class B */) + namespace testing { // To implement a cardinality Foo, define: @@ -65,10 +70,12 @@ class CardinalityInterface { virtual int ConservativeLowerBound() const { return 0; } virtual int ConservativeUpperBound() const { return INT_MAX; } - // Returns true iff call_count calls will satisfy this cardinality. + // Returns true if and only if call_count calls will satisfy this + // cardinality. virtual bool IsSatisfiedByCallCount(int call_count) const = 0; - // Returns true iff call_count calls will saturate this cardinality. + // Returns true if and only if call_count calls will saturate this + // cardinality. virtual bool IsSaturatedByCallCount(int call_count) const = 0; // Describes self to an ostream. @@ -77,9 +84,8 @@ class CardinalityInterface { // A Cardinality is a copyable and IMMUTABLE (except by assignment) // object that specifies how many times a mock function is expected to -// be called. The implementation of Cardinality is just a linked_ptr -// to const CardinalityInterface, so copying is fairly cheap. -// Don't inherit from Cardinality! +// be called. The implementation of Cardinality is just a std::shared_ptr +// to const CardinalityInterface. Don't inherit from Cardinality! class GTEST_API_ Cardinality { public: // Constructs a null cardinality. Needed for storing Cardinality @@ -94,17 +100,19 @@ class GTEST_API_ Cardinality { int ConservativeLowerBound() const { return impl_->ConservativeLowerBound(); } int ConservativeUpperBound() const { return impl_->ConservativeUpperBound(); } - // Returns true iff call_count calls will satisfy this cardinality. + // Returns true if and only if call_count calls will satisfy this + // cardinality. bool IsSatisfiedByCallCount(int call_count) const { return impl_->IsSatisfiedByCallCount(call_count); } - // Returns true iff call_count calls will saturate this cardinality. + // Returns true if and only if call_count calls will saturate this + // cardinality. bool IsSaturatedByCallCount(int call_count) const { return impl_->IsSaturatedByCallCount(call_count); } - // Returns true iff call_count calls will over-saturate this + // Returns true if and only if call_count calls will over-saturate this // cardinality, i.e. exceed the maximum number of allowed calls. bool IsOverSaturatedByCallCount(int call_count) const { return impl_->IsSaturatedByCallCount(call_count) && @@ -119,7 +127,7 @@ class GTEST_API_ Cardinality { ::std::ostream* os); private: - internal::linked_ptr impl_; + std::shared_ptr impl_; }; // Creates a cardinality that allows at least n calls. @@ -144,4 +152,6 @@ inline Cardinality MakeCardinality(const CardinalityInterface* c) { } // namespace testing +GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_() // 4251 + #endif // GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_CARDINALITIES_H_ diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-function-mocker.h b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-function-mocker.h new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cc1535c --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-function-mocker.h @@ -0,0 +1,253 @@ +// Copyright 2007, Google Inc. +// All rights reserved. +// +// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are +// met: +// +// * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +// * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above +// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer +// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the +// distribution. +// * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its +// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from +// this software without specific prior written permission. +// +// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS +// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT +// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR +// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT +// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, +// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT +// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, +// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY +// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT +// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE +// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. + +// Google Mock - a framework for writing C++ mock classes. +// +// This file implements MOCK_METHOD. + +// GOOGLETEST_CM0002 DO NOT DELETE + +#ifndef THIRD_PARTY_GOOGLETEST_GOOGLEMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_INTERNAL_GMOCK_FUNCTION_MOCKER_H_ // NOLINT +#define THIRD_PARTY_GOOGLETEST_GOOGLEMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_INTERNAL_GMOCK_FUNCTION_MOCKER_H_ // NOLINT + +#include "gmock/gmock-generated-function-mockers.h" // NOLINT +#include "gmock/internal/gmock-pp.h" + +#define MOCK_METHOD(...) \ + GMOCK_PP_VARIADIC_CALL(GMOCK_INTERNAL_MOCK_METHOD_ARG_, __VA_ARGS__) + +#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_MOCK_METHOD_ARG_1(...) \ + GMOCK_INTERNAL_WRONG_ARITY(__VA_ARGS__) + +#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_MOCK_METHOD_ARG_2(...) \ + GMOCK_INTERNAL_WRONG_ARITY(__VA_ARGS__) + +#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_MOCK_METHOD_ARG_3(_Ret, _MethodName, _Args) \ + GMOCK_INTERNAL_MOCK_METHOD_ARG_4(_Ret, _MethodName, _Args, ()) + +#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_MOCK_METHOD_ARG_4(_Ret, _MethodName, _Args, _Spec) \ + GMOCK_INTERNAL_ASSERT_PARENTHESIS(_Args); \ + GMOCK_INTERNAL_ASSERT_PARENTHESIS(_Spec); \ + GMOCK_INTERNAL_ASSERT_VALID_SIGNATURE( \ + GMOCK_PP_NARG0 _Args, GMOCK_INTERNAL_SIGNATURE(_Ret, _Args)); \ + GMOCK_INTERNAL_ASSERT_VALID_SPEC(_Spec) \ + GMOCK_INTERNAL_MOCK_METHOD_IMPL( \ + GMOCK_PP_NARG0 _Args, _MethodName, GMOCK_INTERNAL_HAS_CONST(_Spec), \ + GMOCK_INTERNAL_HAS_OVERRIDE(_Spec), GMOCK_INTERNAL_HAS_FINAL(_Spec), \ + GMOCK_INTERNAL_HAS_NOEXCEPT(_Spec), GMOCK_INTERNAL_GET_CALLTYPE(_Spec), \ + (GMOCK_INTERNAL_SIGNATURE(_Ret, _Args))) + +#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_MOCK_METHOD_ARG_5(...) \ + GMOCK_INTERNAL_WRONG_ARITY(__VA_ARGS__) + +#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_MOCK_METHOD_ARG_6(...) \ + GMOCK_INTERNAL_WRONG_ARITY(__VA_ARGS__) + +#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_MOCK_METHOD_ARG_7(...) \ + GMOCK_INTERNAL_WRONG_ARITY(__VA_ARGS__) + +#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_WRONG_ARITY(...) \ + static_assert( \ + false, \ + "MOCK_METHOD must be called with 3 or 4 arguments. _Ret, " \ + "_MethodName, _Args and optionally _Spec. _Args and _Spec must be " \ + "enclosed in parentheses. If _Ret is a type with unprotected commas, " \ + "it must also be enclosed in parentheses.") + +#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_ASSERT_PARENTHESIS(_Tuple) \ + static_assert( \ + GMOCK_PP_IS_ENCLOSED_PARENS(_Tuple), \ + GMOCK_PP_STRINGIZE(_Tuple) " should be enclosed in parentheses.") + +#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_ASSERT_VALID_SIGNATURE(_N, ...) \ + static_assert( \ + std::is_function<__VA_ARGS__>::value, \ + "Signature must be a function type, maybe return type contains " \ + "unprotected comma."); \ + static_assert( \ + ::testing::tuple_size::ArgumentTuple>::value == _N, \ + "This method does not take " GMOCK_PP_STRINGIZE( \ + _N) " arguments. Parenthesize all types with unproctected commas.") + +#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_ASSERT_VALID_SPEC(_Spec) \ + GMOCK_PP_FOR_EACH(GMOCK_INTERNAL_ASSERT_VALID_SPEC_ELEMENT, ~, _Spec) + +#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_MOCK_METHOD_IMPL(_N, _MethodName, _Constness, \ + _Override, _Final, _Noexcept, \ + _CallType, _Signature) \ + typename ::testing::internal::Function::Result \ + GMOCK_INTERNAL_EXPAND(_CallType) \ + _MethodName(GMOCK_PP_REPEAT(GMOCK_INTERNAL_PARAMETER, _Signature, _N)) \ + GMOCK_PP_IF(_Constness, const, ) GMOCK_PP_IF(_Noexcept, noexcept, ) \ + GMOCK_PP_IF(_Override, override, ) \ + GMOCK_PP_IF(_Final, final, ) { \ + GMOCK_MOCKER_(_N, _Constness, _MethodName) \ + .SetOwnerAndName(this, #_MethodName); \ + return GMOCK_MOCKER_(_N, _Constness, _MethodName) \ + .Invoke(GMOCK_PP_REPEAT(GMOCK_INTERNAL_FORWARD_ARG, _Signature, _N)); \ + } \ + ::testing::MockSpec gmock_##_MethodName( \ + GMOCK_PP_REPEAT(GMOCK_INTERNAL_MATCHER_PARAMETER, _Signature, _N)) \ + GMOCK_PP_IF(_Constness, const, ) { \ + GMOCK_MOCKER_(_N, _Constness, _MethodName).RegisterOwner(this); \ + return GMOCK_MOCKER_(_N, _Constness, _MethodName) \ + .With(GMOCK_PP_REPEAT(GMOCK_INTERNAL_MATCHER_ARGUMENT, , _N)); \ + } \ + ::testing::MockSpec gmock_##_MethodName( \ + const ::testing::internal::WithoutMatchers&, \ + GMOCK_PP_IF(_Constness, const, )::testing::internal::Function< \ + GMOCK_PP_REMOVE_PARENS(_Signature)>*) \ + const GMOCK_PP_IF(_Noexcept, noexcept, ) { \ + return GMOCK_PP_CAT(::testing::internal::AdjustConstness_, \ + GMOCK_PP_IF(_Constness, const, ))(this) \ + ->gmock_##_MethodName(GMOCK_PP_REPEAT( \ + GMOCK_INTERNAL_A_MATCHER_ARGUMENT, _Signature, _N)); \ + } \ + mutable ::testing::FunctionMocker \ + GMOCK_MOCKER_(_N, _Constness, _MethodName) + +#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_EXPAND(...) __VA_ARGS__ + +// Five Valid modifiers. +#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_HAS_CONST(_Tuple) \ + GMOCK_PP_HAS_COMMA(GMOCK_PP_FOR_EACH(GMOCK_INTERNAL_DETECT_CONST, ~, _Tuple)) + +#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_HAS_OVERRIDE(_Tuple) \ + GMOCK_PP_HAS_COMMA( \ + GMOCK_PP_FOR_EACH(GMOCK_INTERNAL_DETECT_OVERRIDE, ~, _Tuple)) + +#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_HAS_FINAL(_Tuple) \ + GMOCK_PP_HAS_COMMA(GMOCK_PP_FOR_EACH(GMOCK_INTERNAL_DETECT_FINAL, ~, _Tuple)) + +#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_HAS_NOEXCEPT(_Tuple) \ + GMOCK_PP_HAS_COMMA( \ + GMOCK_PP_FOR_EACH(GMOCK_INTERNAL_DETECT_NOEXCEPT, ~, _Tuple)) + +#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_GET_CALLTYPE(_Tuple) \ + GMOCK_PP_FOR_EACH(GMOCK_INTERNAL_GET_CALLTYPE_IMPL, ~, _Tuple) + +#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_ASSERT_VALID_SPEC_ELEMENT(_i, _, _elem) \ + static_assert( \ + (GMOCK_PP_HAS_COMMA(GMOCK_INTERNAL_DETECT_CONST(_i, _, _elem)) + \ + GMOCK_PP_HAS_COMMA(GMOCK_INTERNAL_DETECT_OVERRIDE(_i, _, _elem)) + \ + GMOCK_PP_HAS_COMMA(GMOCK_INTERNAL_DETECT_FINAL(_i, _, _elem)) + \ + GMOCK_PP_HAS_COMMA(GMOCK_INTERNAL_DETECT_NOEXCEPT(_i, _, _elem)) + \ + GMOCK_INTERNAL_IS_CALLTYPE(_elem)) == 1, \ + GMOCK_PP_STRINGIZE( \ + _elem) " cannot be recognized as a valid specification modifier."); + +// Modifiers implementation. +#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_DETECT_CONST(_i, _, _elem) \ + GMOCK_PP_CAT(GMOCK_INTERNAL_DETECT_CONST_I_, _elem) + +#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_DETECT_CONST_I_const , + +#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_DETECT_OVERRIDE(_i, _, _elem) \ + GMOCK_PP_CAT(GMOCK_INTERNAL_DETECT_OVERRIDE_I_, _elem) + +#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_DETECT_OVERRIDE_I_override , + +#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_DETECT_FINAL(_i, _, _elem) \ + GMOCK_PP_CAT(GMOCK_INTERNAL_DETECT_FINAL_I_, _elem) + +#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_DETECT_FINAL_I_final , + +// TODO(iserna): Maybe noexcept should accept an argument here as well. +#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_DETECT_NOEXCEPT(_i, _, _elem) \ + GMOCK_PP_CAT(GMOCK_INTERNAL_DETECT_NOEXCEPT_I_, _elem) + +#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_DETECT_NOEXCEPT_I_noexcept , + +#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_GET_CALLTYPE_IMPL(_i, _, _elem) \ + GMOCK_PP_IF(GMOCK_INTERNAL_IS_CALLTYPE(_elem), \ + GMOCK_INTERNAL_GET_VALUE_CALLTYPE, GMOCK_PP_EMPTY) \ + (_elem) + +// TODO(iserna): GMOCK_INTERNAL_IS_CALLTYPE and +// GMOCK_INTERNAL_GET_VALUE_CALLTYPE needed more expansions to work on windows +// maybe they can be simplified somehow. +#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_IS_CALLTYPE(_arg) \ + GMOCK_INTERNAL_IS_CALLTYPE_I( \ + GMOCK_PP_CAT(GMOCK_INTERNAL_IS_CALLTYPE_HELPER_, _arg)) +#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_IS_CALLTYPE_I(_arg) GMOCK_PP_IS_ENCLOSED_PARENS(_arg) + +#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_GET_VALUE_CALLTYPE(_arg) \ + GMOCK_INTERNAL_GET_VALUE_CALLTYPE_I( \ + GMOCK_PP_CAT(GMOCK_INTERNAL_IS_CALLTYPE_HELPER_, _arg)) +#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_GET_VALUE_CALLTYPE_I(_arg) \ + GMOCK_PP_CAT(GMOCK_PP_IDENTITY, _arg) + +#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_IS_CALLTYPE_HELPER_Calltype + +#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_SIGNATURE(_Ret, _Args) \ + GMOCK_PP_IF(GMOCK_PP_IS_BEGIN_PARENS(_Ret), GMOCK_PP_REMOVE_PARENS, \ + GMOCK_PP_IDENTITY) \ + (_Ret)(GMOCK_PP_FOR_EACH(GMOCK_INTERNAL_GET_TYPE, _, _Args)) + +#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_GET_TYPE(_i, _, _elem) \ + GMOCK_PP_COMMA_IF(_i) \ + GMOCK_PP_IF(GMOCK_PP_IS_BEGIN_PARENS(_elem), GMOCK_PP_REMOVE_PARENS, \ + GMOCK_PP_IDENTITY) \ + (_elem) + +#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_PARAMETER(_i, _Signature, _) \ + GMOCK_PP_COMMA_IF(_i) \ + GMOCK_INTERNAL_ARG_O(typename, GMOCK_PP_INC(_i), \ + GMOCK_PP_REMOVE_PARENS(_Signature)) \ + gmock_a##_i + +#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_FORWARD_ARG(_i, _Signature, _) \ + GMOCK_PP_COMMA_IF(_i) \ + ::std::forward( \ + gmock_a##_i) + +#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_MATCHER_PARAMETER(_i, _Signature, _) \ + GMOCK_PP_COMMA_IF(_i) \ + GMOCK_INTERNAL_MATCHER_O(typename, GMOCK_PP_INC(_i), \ + GMOCK_PP_REMOVE_PARENS(_Signature)) \ + gmock_a##_i + +#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_MATCHER_ARGUMENT(_i, _1, _2) \ + GMOCK_PP_COMMA_IF(_i) \ + gmock_a##_i + +#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_A_MATCHER_ARGUMENT(_i, _Signature, _) \ + GMOCK_PP_COMMA_IF(_i) \ + ::testing::A() + +#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_ARG_O(_tn, _i, ...) GMOCK_ARG_(_tn, _i, __VA_ARGS__) + +#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_MATCHER_O(_tn, _i, ...) \ + GMOCK_MATCHER_(_tn, _i, __VA_ARGS__) + +#endif // THIRD_PARTY_GOOGLETEST_GOOGLEMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_INTERNAL_GMOCK_FUNCTION_MOCKER_H_ diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-actions.h b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-actions.h index b5a889c..981af78 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-actions.h +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-actions.h @@ -1,4 +1,6 @@ -// This file was GENERATED by a script. DO NOT EDIT BY HAND!!! +// This file was GENERATED by command: +// pump.py gmock-generated-actions.h.pump +// DO NOT EDIT BY HAND!!! // Copyright 2007, Google Inc. // All rights reserved. @@ -28,469 +30,26 @@ // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. -// -// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan) + // Google Mock - a framework for writing C++ mock classes. // // This file implements some commonly used variadic actions. +// GOOGLETEST_CM0002 DO NOT DELETE + #ifndef GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_GENERATED_ACTIONS_H_ #define GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_GENERATED_ACTIONS_H_ +#include +#include + #include "gmock/gmock-actions.h" #include "gmock/internal/gmock-port.h" namespace testing { namespace internal { -// InvokeHelper knows how to unpack an N-tuple and invoke an N-ary -// function or method with the unpacked values, where F is a function -// type that takes N arguments. -template -class InvokeHelper; - -template -class InvokeHelper > { - public: - template - static R Invoke(Function function, const ::testing::tuple<>&) { - return function(); - } - - template - static R InvokeMethod(Class* obj_ptr, - MethodPtr method_ptr, - const ::testing::tuple<>&) { - return (obj_ptr->*method_ptr)(); - } -}; - -template -class InvokeHelper > { - public: - template - static R Invoke(Function function, const ::testing::tuple& args) { - return function(get<0>(args)); - } - - template - static R InvokeMethod(Class* obj_ptr, - MethodPtr method_ptr, - const ::testing::tuple& args) { - return (obj_ptr->*method_ptr)(get<0>(args)); - } -}; - -template -class InvokeHelper > { - public: - template - static R Invoke(Function function, const ::testing::tuple& args) { - return function(get<0>(args), get<1>(args)); - } - - template - static R InvokeMethod(Class* obj_ptr, - MethodPtr method_ptr, - const ::testing::tuple& args) { - return (obj_ptr->*method_ptr)(get<0>(args), get<1>(args)); - } -}; - -template -class InvokeHelper > { - public: - template - static R Invoke(Function function, const ::testing::tuple& args) { - return function(get<0>(args), get<1>(args), get<2>(args)); - } - - template - static R InvokeMethod(Class* obj_ptr, - MethodPtr method_ptr, - const ::testing::tuple& args) { - return (obj_ptr->*method_ptr)(get<0>(args), get<1>(args), - get<2>(args)); - } -}; - -template -class InvokeHelper > { - public: - template - static R Invoke(Function function, const ::testing::tuple& args) { - return function(get<0>(args), get<1>(args), get<2>(args), - get<3>(args)); - } - - template - static R InvokeMethod(Class* obj_ptr, - MethodPtr method_ptr, - const ::testing::tuple& args) { - return (obj_ptr->*method_ptr)(get<0>(args), get<1>(args), - get<2>(args), get<3>(args)); - } -}; - -template -class InvokeHelper > { - public: - template - static R Invoke(Function function, const ::testing::tuple& args) { - return function(get<0>(args), get<1>(args), get<2>(args), - get<3>(args), get<4>(args)); - } - - template - static R InvokeMethod(Class* obj_ptr, - MethodPtr method_ptr, - const ::testing::tuple& args) { - return (obj_ptr->*method_ptr)(get<0>(args), get<1>(args), - get<2>(args), get<3>(args), get<4>(args)); - } -}; - -template -class InvokeHelper > { - public: - template - static R Invoke(Function function, const ::testing::tuple& args) { - return function(get<0>(args), get<1>(args), get<2>(args), - get<3>(args), get<4>(args), get<5>(args)); - } - - template - static R InvokeMethod(Class* obj_ptr, - MethodPtr method_ptr, - const ::testing::tuple& args) { - return (obj_ptr->*method_ptr)(get<0>(args), get<1>(args), - get<2>(args), get<3>(args), get<4>(args), get<5>(args)); - } -}; - -template -class InvokeHelper > { - public: - template - static R Invoke(Function function, const ::testing::tuple& args) { - return function(get<0>(args), get<1>(args), get<2>(args), - get<3>(args), get<4>(args), get<5>(args), get<6>(args)); - } - - template - static R InvokeMethod(Class* obj_ptr, - MethodPtr method_ptr, - const ::testing::tuple& args) { - return (obj_ptr->*method_ptr)(get<0>(args), get<1>(args), - get<2>(args), get<3>(args), get<4>(args), get<5>(args), - get<6>(args)); - } -}; - -template -class InvokeHelper > { - public: - template - static R Invoke(Function function, const ::testing::tuple& args) { - return function(get<0>(args), get<1>(args), get<2>(args), - get<3>(args), get<4>(args), get<5>(args), get<6>(args), - get<7>(args)); - } - - template - static R InvokeMethod(Class* obj_ptr, - MethodPtr method_ptr, - const ::testing::tuple& args) { - return (obj_ptr->*method_ptr)(get<0>(args), get<1>(args), - get<2>(args), get<3>(args), get<4>(args), get<5>(args), - get<6>(args), get<7>(args)); - } -}; - -template -class InvokeHelper > { - public: - template - static R Invoke(Function function, const ::testing::tuple& args) { - return function(get<0>(args), get<1>(args), get<2>(args), - get<3>(args), get<4>(args), get<5>(args), get<6>(args), - get<7>(args), get<8>(args)); - } - - template - static R InvokeMethod(Class* obj_ptr, - MethodPtr method_ptr, - const ::testing::tuple& args) { - return (obj_ptr->*method_ptr)(get<0>(args), get<1>(args), - get<2>(args), get<3>(args), get<4>(args), get<5>(args), - get<6>(args), get<7>(args), get<8>(args)); - } -}; - -template -class InvokeHelper > { - public: - template - static R Invoke(Function function, const ::testing::tuple& args) { - return function(get<0>(args), get<1>(args), get<2>(args), - get<3>(args), get<4>(args), get<5>(args), get<6>(args), - get<7>(args), get<8>(args), get<9>(args)); - } - - template - static R InvokeMethod(Class* obj_ptr, - MethodPtr method_ptr, - const ::testing::tuple& args) { - return (obj_ptr->*method_ptr)(get<0>(args), get<1>(args), - get<2>(args), get<3>(args), get<4>(args), get<5>(args), - get<6>(args), get<7>(args), get<8>(args), get<9>(args)); - } -}; - -// An INTERNAL macro for extracting the type of a tuple field. It's -// subject to change without notice - DO NOT USE IN USER CODE! -#define GMOCK_FIELD_(Tuple, N) \ - typename ::testing::tuple_element::type - -// SelectArgs::type is the -// type of an n-ary function whose i-th (1-based) argument type is the -// k{i}-th (0-based) field of ArgumentTuple, which must be a tuple -// type, and whose return type is Result. For example, -// SelectArgs, 0, 3>::type -// is int(bool, long). -// -// SelectArgs::Select(args) -// returns the selected fields (k1, k2, ..., k_n) of args as a tuple. -// For example, -// SelectArgs, 2, 0>::Select( -// ::testing::make_tuple(true, 'a', 2.5)) -// returns tuple (2.5, true). -// -// The numbers in list k1, k2, ..., k_n must be >= 0, where n can be -// in the range [0, 10]. Duplicates are allowed and they don't have -// to be in an ascending or descending order. - -template -class SelectArgs { - public: - typedef Result type(GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k1), - GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k2), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k3), - GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k4), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k5), - GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k6), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k7), - GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k8), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k9), - GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k10)); - typedef typename Function::ArgumentTuple SelectedArgs; - static SelectedArgs Select(const ArgumentTuple& args) { - return SelectedArgs(get(args), get(args), get(args), - get(args), get(args), get(args), get(args), - get(args), get(args), get(args)); - } -}; - -template -class SelectArgs { - public: - typedef Result type(); - typedef typename Function::ArgumentTuple SelectedArgs; - static SelectedArgs Select(const ArgumentTuple& /* args */) { - return SelectedArgs(); - } -}; - -template -class SelectArgs { - public: - typedef Result type(GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k1)); - typedef typename Function::ArgumentTuple SelectedArgs; - static SelectedArgs Select(const ArgumentTuple& args) { - return SelectedArgs(get(args)); - } -}; - -template -class SelectArgs { - public: - typedef Result type(GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k1), - GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k2)); - typedef typename Function::ArgumentTuple SelectedArgs; - static SelectedArgs Select(const ArgumentTuple& args) { - return SelectedArgs(get(args), get(args)); - } -}; - -template -class SelectArgs { - public: - typedef Result type(GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k1), - GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k2), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k3)); - typedef typename Function::ArgumentTuple SelectedArgs; - static SelectedArgs Select(const ArgumentTuple& args) { - return SelectedArgs(get(args), get(args), get(args)); - } -}; - -template -class SelectArgs { - public: - typedef Result type(GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k1), - GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k2), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k3), - GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k4)); - typedef typename Function::ArgumentTuple SelectedArgs; - static SelectedArgs Select(const ArgumentTuple& args) { - return SelectedArgs(get(args), get(args), get(args), - get(args)); - } -}; - -template -class SelectArgs { - public: - typedef Result type(GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k1), - GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k2), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k3), - GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k4), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k5)); - typedef typename Function::ArgumentTuple SelectedArgs; - static SelectedArgs Select(const ArgumentTuple& args) { - return SelectedArgs(get(args), get(args), get(args), - get(args), get(args)); - } -}; - -template -class SelectArgs { - public: - typedef Result type(GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k1), - GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k2), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k3), - GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k4), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k5), - GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k6)); - typedef typename Function::ArgumentTuple SelectedArgs; - static SelectedArgs Select(const ArgumentTuple& args) { - return SelectedArgs(get(args), get(args), get(args), - get(args), get(args), get(args)); - } -}; - -template -class SelectArgs { - public: - typedef Result type(GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k1), - GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k2), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k3), - GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k4), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k5), - GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k6), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k7)); - typedef typename Function::ArgumentTuple SelectedArgs; - static SelectedArgs Select(const ArgumentTuple& args) { - return SelectedArgs(get(args), get(args), get(args), - get(args), get(args), get(args), get(args)); - } -}; - -template -class SelectArgs { - public: - typedef Result type(GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k1), - GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k2), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k3), - GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k4), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k5), - GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k6), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k7), - GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k8)); - typedef typename Function::ArgumentTuple SelectedArgs; - static SelectedArgs Select(const ArgumentTuple& args) { - return SelectedArgs(get(args), get(args), get(args), - get(args), get(args), get(args), get(args), - get(args)); - } -}; - -template -class SelectArgs { - public: - typedef Result type(GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k1), - GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k2), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k3), - GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k4), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k5), - GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k6), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k7), - GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k8), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k9)); - typedef typename Function::ArgumentTuple SelectedArgs; - static SelectedArgs Select(const ArgumentTuple& args) { - return SelectedArgs(get(args), get(args), get(args), - get(args), get(args), get(args), get(args), - get(args), get(args)); - } -}; - -#undef GMOCK_FIELD_ - -// Implements the WithArgs action. -template -class WithArgsAction { - public: - explicit WithArgsAction(const InnerAction& action) : action_(action) {} - - template - operator Action() const { return MakeAction(new Impl(action_)); } - - private: - template - class Impl : public ActionInterface { - public: - typedef typename Function::Result Result; - typedef typename Function::ArgumentTuple ArgumentTuple; - - explicit Impl(const InnerAction& action) : action_(action) {} - - virtual Result Perform(const ArgumentTuple& args) { - return action_.Perform(SelectArgs::Select(args)); - } - - private: - typedef typename SelectArgs::type InnerFunctionType; - - Action action_; - }; - - const InnerAction action_; - - GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(WithArgsAction); -}; - // A macro from the ACTION* family (defined later in this file) // defines an action that can be used in a mock function. Typically, // these actions only care about a subset of the arguments of the mock @@ -511,7 +70,7 @@ struct ExcessiveArg {}; template class ActionHelper { public: - static Result Perform(Impl* impl, const ::testing::tuple<>& args) { + static Result Perform(Impl* impl, const ::std::tuple<>& args) { return impl->template gmock_PerformImpl<>(args, ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), @@ -519,266 +78,100 @@ class ActionHelper { } template - static Result Perform(Impl* impl, const ::testing::tuple& args) { - return impl->template gmock_PerformImpl(args, get<0>(args), + static Result Perform(Impl* impl, const ::std::tuple& args) { + return impl->template gmock_PerformImpl(args, std::get<0>(args), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg()); } template - static Result Perform(Impl* impl, const ::testing::tuple& args) { - return impl->template gmock_PerformImpl(args, get<0>(args), - get<1>(args), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), + static Result Perform(Impl* impl, const ::std::tuple& args) { + return impl->template gmock_PerformImpl(args, std::get<0>(args), + std::get<1>(args), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg()); } template - static Result Perform(Impl* impl, const ::testing::tuple& args) { - return impl->template gmock_PerformImpl(args, get<0>(args), - get<1>(args), get<2>(args), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), + static Result Perform(Impl* impl, const ::std::tuple& args) { + return impl->template gmock_PerformImpl(args, + std::get<0>(args), std::get<1>(args), std::get<2>(args), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), - ExcessiveArg()); + ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg()); } template - static Result Perform(Impl* impl, const ::testing::tuple& args) { - return impl->template gmock_PerformImpl(args, get<0>(args), - get<1>(args), get<2>(args), get<3>(args), ExcessiveArg(), - ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), - ExcessiveArg()); + static Result Perform(Impl* impl, const ::std::tuple& args) { + return impl->template gmock_PerformImpl(args, + std::get<0>(args), std::get<1>(args), std::get<2>(args), + std::get<3>(args), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), + ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg()); } template - static Result Perform(Impl* impl, const ::testing::tuple& args) { return impl->template gmock_PerformImpl(args, - get<0>(args), get<1>(args), get<2>(args), get<3>(args), get<4>(args), - ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), - ExcessiveArg()); + std::get<0>(args), std::get<1>(args), std::get<2>(args), + std::get<3>(args), std::get<4>(args), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), + ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg()); } template - static Result Perform(Impl* impl, const ::testing::tuple& args) { return impl->template gmock_PerformImpl(args, - get<0>(args), get<1>(args), get<2>(args), get<3>(args), get<4>(args), - get<5>(args), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), - ExcessiveArg()); + std::get<0>(args), std::get<1>(args), std::get<2>(args), + std::get<3>(args), std::get<4>(args), std::get<5>(args), + ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg()); } template - static Result Perform(Impl* impl, const ::testing::tuple& args) { + static Result Perform(Impl* impl, const ::std::tuple& args) { return impl->template gmock_PerformImpl(args, - get<0>(args), get<1>(args), get<2>(args), get<3>(args), get<4>(args), - get<5>(args), get<6>(args), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), - ExcessiveArg()); + std::get<0>(args), std::get<1>(args), std::get<2>(args), + std::get<3>(args), std::get<4>(args), std::get<5>(args), + std::get<6>(args), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg()); } template - static Result Perform(Impl* impl, const ::testing::tuple& args) { + static Result Perform(Impl* impl, const ::std::tuple& args) { return impl->template gmock_PerformImpl(args, get<0>(args), get<1>(args), get<2>(args), get<3>(args), - get<4>(args), get<5>(args), get<6>(args), get<7>(args), ExcessiveArg(), - ExcessiveArg()); + A7>(args, std::get<0>(args), std::get<1>(args), std::get<2>(args), + std::get<3>(args), std::get<4>(args), std::get<5>(args), + std::get<6>(args), std::get<7>(args), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg()); } template - static Result Perform(Impl* impl, const ::testing::tuple& args) { + static Result Perform(Impl* impl, const ::std::tuple& args) { return impl->template gmock_PerformImpl(args, get<0>(args), get<1>(args), get<2>(args), get<3>(args), - get<4>(args), get<5>(args), get<6>(args), get<7>(args), get<8>(args), + A8>(args, std::get<0>(args), std::get<1>(args), std::get<2>(args), + std::get<3>(args), std::get<4>(args), std::get<5>(args), + std::get<6>(args), std::get<7>(args), std::get<8>(args), ExcessiveArg()); } template - static Result Perform(Impl* impl, const ::testing::tuple& args) { + static Result Perform(Impl* impl, const ::std::tuple& args) { return impl->template gmock_PerformImpl(args, get<0>(args), get<1>(args), get<2>(args), get<3>(args), - get<4>(args), get<5>(args), get<6>(args), get<7>(args), get<8>(args), - get<9>(args)); + A9>(args, std::get<0>(args), std::get<1>(args), std::get<2>(args), + std::get<3>(args), std::get<4>(args), std::get<5>(args), + std::get<6>(args), std::get<7>(args), std::get<8>(args), + std::get<9>(args)); } }; } // namespace internal - -// Various overloads for Invoke(). - -// WithArgs(an_action) creates an action that passes -// the selected arguments of the mock function to an_action and -// performs it. It serves as an adaptor between actions with -// different argument lists. C++ doesn't support default arguments for -// function templates, so we have to overload it. -template -inline internal::WithArgsAction -WithArgs(const InnerAction& action) { - return internal::WithArgsAction(action); -} - -template -inline internal::WithArgsAction -WithArgs(const InnerAction& action) { - return internal::WithArgsAction(action); -} - -template -inline internal::WithArgsAction -WithArgs(const InnerAction& action) { - return internal::WithArgsAction(action); -} - -template -inline internal::WithArgsAction -WithArgs(const InnerAction& action) { - return internal::WithArgsAction(action); -} - -template -inline internal::WithArgsAction -WithArgs(const InnerAction& action) { - return internal::WithArgsAction(action); -} - -template -inline internal::WithArgsAction -WithArgs(const InnerAction& action) { - return internal::WithArgsAction(action); -} - -template -inline internal::WithArgsAction -WithArgs(const InnerAction& action) { - return internal::WithArgsAction(action); -} - -template -inline internal::WithArgsAction -WithArgs(const InnerAction& action) { - return internal::WithArgsAction(action); -} - -template -inline internal::WithArgsAction -WithArgs(const InnerAction& action) { - return internal::WithArgsAction(action); -} - -template -inline internal::WithArgsAction -WithArgs(const InnerAction& action) { - return internal::WithArgsAction(action); -} - -// Creates an action that does actions a1, a2, ..., sequentially in -// each invocation. -template -inline internal::DoBothAction -DoAll(Action1 a1, Action2 a2) { - return internal::DoBothAction(a1, a2); -} - -template -inline internal::DoBothAction > -DoAll(Action1 a1, Action2 a2, Action3 a3) { - return DoAll(a1, DoAll(a2, a3)); -} - -template -inline internal::DoBothAction > > -DoAll(Action1 a1, Action2 a2, Action3 a3, Action4 a4) { - return DoAll(a1, DoAll(a2, a3, a4)); -} - -template -inline internal::DoBothAction > > > -DoAll(Action1 a1, Action2 a2, Action3 a3, Action4 a4, Action5 a5) { - return DoAll(a1, DoAll(a2, a3, a4, a5)); -} - -template -inline internal::DoBothAction > > > > -DoAll(Action1 a1, Action2 a2, Action3 a3, Action4 a4, Action5 a5, Action6 a6) { - return DoAll(a1, DoAll(a2, a3, a4, a5, a6)); -} - -template -inline internal::DoBothAction > > > > > -DoAll(Action1 a1, Action2 a2, Action3 a3, Action4 a4, Action5 a5, Action6 a6, - Action7 a7) { - return DoAll(a1, DoAll(a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7)); -} - -template -inline internal::DoBothAction > > > > > > -DoAll(Action1 a1, Action2 a2, Action3 a3, Action4 a4, Action5 a5, Action6 a6, - Action7 a7, Action8 a8) { - return DoAll(a1, DoAll(a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8)); -} - -template -inline internal::DoBothAction > > > > > > > -DoAll(Action1 a1, Action2 a2, Action3 a3, Action4 a4, Action5 a5, Action6 a6, - Action7 a7, Action8 a8, Action9 a9) { - return DoAll(a1, DoAll(a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, a9)); -} - -template -inline internal::DoBothAction > > > > > > > > -DoAll(Action1 a1, Action2 a2, Action3 a3, Action4 a4, Action5 a5, Action6 a6, - Action7 a7, Action8 a8, Action9 a9, Action10 a10) { - return DoAll(a1, DoAll(a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, a9, a10)); -} - } // namespace testing // The ACTION* family of macros can be used in a namespace scope to @@ -866,30 +259,29 @@ DoAll(Action1 a1, Action2 a2, Action3 a3, Action4 a4, Action5 a5, Action6 a6, // // CAVEAT: // -// ACTION*() can only be used in a namespace scope. The reason is -// that C++ doesn't yet allow function-local types to be used to -// instantiate templates. The up-coming C++0x standard will fix this. -// Once that's done, we'll consider supporting using ACTION*() inside -// a function. +// ACTION*() can only be used in a namespace scope as templates cannot be +// declared inside of a local class. +// Users can, however, define any local functors (e.g. a lambda) that +// can be used as actions. // // MORE INFORMATION: // -// To learn more about using these macros, please search for 'ACTION' -// on http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/CookBook. +// To learn more about using these macros, please search for 'ACTION' on +// https://github.com/google/googletest/blob/master/googlemock/docs/cook_book.md // An internal macro needed for implementing ACTION*(). #define GMOCK_ACTION_ARG_TYPES_AND_NAMES_UNUSED_\ const args_type& args GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_, \ - arg0_type arg0 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_, \ - arg1_type arg1 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_, \ - arg2_type arg2 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_, \ - arg3_type arg3 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_, \ - arg4_type arg4 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_, \ - arg5_type arg5 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_, \ - arg6_type arg6 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_, \ - arg7_type arg7 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_, \ - arg8_type arg8 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_, \ - arg9_type arg9 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_ + const arg0_type& arg0 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_, \ + const arg1_type& arg1 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_, \ + const arg2_type& arg2 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_, \ + const arg3_type& arg3 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_, \ + const arg4_type& arg4 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_, \ + const arg5_type& arg5 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_, \ + const arg6_type& arg6 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_, \ + const arg7_type& arg7 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_, \ + const arg8_type& arg8 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_, \ + const arg9_type& arg9 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_ // Sometimes you want to give an action explicit template parameters // that cannot be inferred from its value parameters. ACTION() and @@ -915,7 +307,7 @@ DoAll(Action1 a1, Action2 a2, Action3 a3, Action4 a4, Action5 a5, Action6 a6, // ACTION_TEMPLATE(DuplicateArg, // HAS_2_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(int, k, typename, T), // AND_1_VALUE_PARAMS(output)) { -// *output = T(::testing::get(args)); +// *output = T(::std::get(args)); // } // ... // int n; @@ -1073,52 +465,67 @@ DoAll(Action1 a1, Action2 a2, Action3 a3, Action4 a4, Action5 a5, Action6 a6, #define GMOCK_INTERNAL_INIT_AND_0_VALUE_PARAMS()\ () #define GMOCK_INTERNAL_INIT_AND_1_VALUE_PARAMS(p0)\ - (p0##_type gmock_p0) : p0(gmock_p0) + (p0##_type gmock_p0) : p0(::std::move(gmock_p0)) #define GMOCK_INTERNAL_INIT_AND_2_VALUE_PARAMS(p0, p1)\ - (p0##_type gmock_p0, p1##_type gmock_p1) : p0(gmock_p0), p1(gmock_p1) + (p0##_type gmock_p0, p1##_type gmock_p1) : p0(::std::move(gmock_p0)), \ + p1(::std::move(gmock_p1)) #define GMOCK_INTERNAL_INIT_AND_3_VALUE_PARAMS(p0, p1, p2)\ (p0##_type gmock_p0, p1##_type gmock_p1, \ - p2##_type gmock_p2) : p0(gmock_p0), p1(gmock_p1), p2(gmock_p2) + p2##_type gmock_p2) : p0(::std::move(gmock_p0)), \ + p1(::std::move(gmock_p1)), p2(::std::move(gmock_p2)) #define GMOCK_INTERNAL_INIT_AND_4_VALUE_PARAMS(p0, p1, p2, p3)\ (p0##_type gmock_p0, p1##_type gmock_p1, p2##_type gmock_p2, \ - p3##_type gmock_p3) : p0(gmock_p0), p1(gmock_p1), p2(gmock_p2), \ - p3(gmock_p3) + p3##_type gmock_p3) : p0(::std::move(gmock_p0)), \ + p1(::std::move(gmock_p1)), p2(::std::move(gmock_p2)), \ + p3(::std::move(gmock_p3)) #define GMOCK_INTERNAL_INIT_AND_5_VALUE_PARAMS(p0, p1, p2, p3, p4)\ (p0##_type gmock_p0, p1##_type gmock_p1, p2##_type gmock_p2, \ - p3##_type gmock_p3, p4##_type gmock_p4) : p0(gmock_p0), p1(gmock_p1), \ - p2(gmock_p2), p3(gmock_p3), p4(gmock_p4) + p3##_type gmock_p3, p4##_type gmock_p4) : p0(::std::move(gmock_p0)), \ + p1(::std::move(gmock_p1)), p2(::std::move(gmock_p2)), \ + p3(::std::move(gmock_p3)), p4(::std::move(gmock_p4)) #define GMOCK_INTERNAL_INIT_AND_6_VALUE_PARAMS(p0, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5)\ (p0##_type gmock_p0, p1##_type gmock_p1, p2##_type gmock_p2, \ p3##_type gmock_p3, p4##_type gmock_p4, \ - p5##_type gmock_p5) : p0(gmock_p0), p1(gmock_p1), p2(gmock_p2), \ - p3(gmock_p3), p4(gmock_p4), p5(gmock_p5) + p5##_type gmock_p5) : p0(::std::move(gmock_p0)), \ + p1(::std::move(gmock_p1)), p2(::std::move(gmock_p2)), \ + p3(::std::move(gmock_p3)), p4(::std::move(gmock_p4)), \ + p5(::std::move(gmock_p5)) #define GMOCK_INTERNAL_INIT_AND_7_VALUE_PARAMS(p0, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6)\ (p0##_type gmock_p0, p1##_type gmock_p1, p2##_type gmock_p2, \ p3##_type gmock_p3, p4##_type gmock_p4, p5##_type gmock_p5, \ - p6##_type gmock_p6) : p0(gmock_p0), p1(gmock_p1), p2(gmock_p2), \ - p3(gmock_p3), p4(gmock_p4), p5(gmock_p5), p6(gmock_p6) + p6##_type gmock_p6) : p0(::std::move(gmock_p0)), \ + p1(::std::move(gmock_p1)), p2(::std::move(gmock_p2)), \ + p3(::std::move(gmock_p3)), p4(::std::move(gmock_p4)), \ + p5(::std::move(gmock_p5)), p6(::std::move(gmock_p6)) #define GMOCK_INTERNAL_INIT_AND_8_VALUE_PARAMS(p0, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, p7)\ (p0##_type gmock_p0, p1##_type gmock_p1, p2##_type gmock_p2, \ p3##_type gmock_p3, p4##_type gmock_p4, p5##_type gmock_p5, \ - p6##_type gmock_p6, p7##_type gmock_p7) : p0(gmock_p0), p1(gmock_p1), \ - p2(gmock_p2), p3(gmock_p3), p4(gmock_p4), p5(gmock_p5), p6(gmock_p6), \ - p7(gmock_p7) + p6##_type gmock_p6, p7##_type gmock_p7) : p0(::std::move(gmock_p0)), \ + p1(::std::move(gmock_p1)), p2(::std::move(gmock_p2)), \ + p3(::std::move(gmock_p3)), p4(::std::move(gmock_p4)), \ + p5(::std::move(gmock_p5)), p6(::std::move(gmock_p6)), \ + p7(::std::move(gmock_p7)) #define GMOCK_INTERNAL_INIT_AND_9_VALUE_PARAMS(p0, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, \ p7, p8)\ (p0##_type gmock_p0, p1##_type gmock_p1, p2##_type gmock_p2, \ p3##_type gmock_p3, p4##_type gmock_p4, p5##_type gmock_p5, \ p6##_type gmock_p6, p7##_type gmock_p7, \ - p8##_type gmock_p8) : p0(gmock_p0), p1(gmock_p1), p2(gmock_p2), \ - p3(gmock_p3), p4(gmock_p4), p5(gmock_p5), p6(gmock_p6), p7(gmock_p7), \ - p8(gmock_p8) + p8##_type gmock_p8) : p0(::std::move(gmock_p0)), \ + p1(::std::move(gmock_p1)), p2(::std::move(gmock_p2)), \ + p3(::std::move(gmock_p3)), p4(::std::move(gmock_p4)), \ + p5(::std::move(gmock_p5)), p6(::std::move(gmock_p6)), \ + p7(::std::move(gmock_p7)), p8(::std::move(gmock_p8)) #define GMOCK_INTERNAL_INIT_AND_10_VALUE_PARAMS(p0, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, \ p7, p8, p9)\ (p0##_type gmock_p0, p1##_type gmock_p1, p2##_type gmock_p2, \ p3##_type gmock_p3, p4##_type gmock_p4, p5##_type gmock_p5, \ p6##_type gmock_p6, p7##_type gmock_p7, p8##_type gmock_p8, \ - p9##_type gmock_p9) : p0(gmock_p0), p1(gmock_p1), p2(gmock_p2), \ - p3(gmock_p3), p4(gmock_p4), p5(gmock_p5), p6(gmock_p6), p7(gmock_p7), \ - p8(gmock_p8), p9(gmock_p9) + p9##_type gmock_p9) : p0(::std::move(gmock_p0)), \ + p1(::std::move(gmock_p1)), p2(::std::move(gmock_p2)), \ + p3(::std::move(gmock_p3)), p4(::std::move(gmock_p4)), \ + p5(::std::move(gmock_p5)), p6(::std::move(gmock_p6)), \ + p7(::std::move(gmock_p7)), p8(::std::move(gmock_p8)), \ + p9(::std::move(gmock_p9)) // Declares the fields for storing the value parameters. #define GMOCK_INTERNAL_DEFN_AND_0_VALUE_PARAMS() @@ -1264,10 +671,12 @@ DoAll(Action1 a1, Action2 a2, Action3 a3, Action4 a4, Action5 a5, Action6 a6, typename arg3_type, typename arg4_type, typename arg5_type, \ typename arg6_type, typename arg7_type, typename arg8_type, \ typename arg9_type>\ - return_type gmock_PerformImpl(const args_type& args, arg0_type arg0, \ - arg1_type arg1, arg2_type arg2, arg3_type arg3, arg4_type arg4, \ - arg5_type arg5, arg6_type arg6, arg7_type arg7, arg8_type arg8, \ - arg9_type arg9) const;\ + return_type gmock_PerformImpl(const args_type& args, \ + const arg0_type& arg0, const arg1_type& arg1, \ + const arg2_type& arg2, const arg3_type& arg3, \ + const arg4_type& arg4, const arg5_type& arg5, \ + const arg6_type& arg6, const arg7_type& arg7, \ + const arg8_type& arg8, const arg9_type& arg9) const;\ GMOCK_INTERNAL_DEFN_##value_params\ private:\ GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(gmock_Impl);\ @@ -1325,10 +734,12 @@ DoAll(Action1 a1, Action2 a2, Action3 a3, Action4 a4, Action5 a5, Action6 a6, typename arg3_type, typename arg4_type, typename arg5_type, \ typename arg6_type, typename arg7_type, typename arg8_type, \ typename arg9_type>\ - return_type gmock_PerformImpl(const args_type& args, arg0_type arg0, \ - arg1_type arg1, arg2_type arg2, arg3_type arg3, arg4_type arg4, \ - arg5_type arg5, arg6_type arg6, arg7_type arg7, arg8_type arg8, \ - arg9_type arg9) const;\ + return_type gmock_PerformImpl(const args_type& args, \ + const arg0_type& arg0, const arg1_type& arg1, \ + const arg2_type& arg2, const arg3_type& arg3, \ + const arg4_type& arg4, const arg5_type& arg5, \ + const arg6_type& arg6, const arg7_type& arg7, \ + const arg8_type& arg8, const arg9_type& arg9) const;\ private:\ GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(gmock_Impl);\ };\ @@ -1354,7 +765,8 @@ DoAll(Action1 a1, Action2 a2, Action3 a3, Action4 a4, Action5 a5, Action6 a6, template \ class name##ActionP {\ public:\ - explicit name##ActionP(p0##_type gmock_p0) : p0(gmock_p0) {}\ + explicit name##ActionP(p0##_type gmock_p0) : \ + p0(::std::forward(gmock_p0)) {}\ template \ class gmock_Impl : public ::testing::ActionInterface {\ public:\ @@ -1362,7 +774,8 @@ DoAll(Action1 a1, Action2 a2, Action3 a3, Action4 a4, Action5 a5, Action6 a6, typedef typename ::testing::internal::Function::Result return_type;\ typedef typename ::testing::internal::Function::ArgumentTuple\ args_type;\ - explicit gmock_Impl(p0##_type gmock_p0) : p0(gmock_p0) {}\ + explicit gmock_Impl(p0##_type gmock_p0) : \ + p0(::std::forward(gmock_p0)) {}\ virtual return_type Perform(const args_type& args) {\ return ::testing::internal::ActionHelper::\ Perform(this, args);\ @@ -1371,10 +784,12 @@ DoAll(Action1 a1, Action2 a2, Action3 a3, Action4 a4, Action5 a5, Action6 a6, typename arg3_type, typename arg4_type, typename arg5_type, \ typename arg6_type, typename arg7_type, typename arg8_type, \ typename arg9_type>\ - return_type gmock_PerformImpl(const args_type& args, arg0_type arg0, \ - arg1_type arg1, arg2_type arg2, arg3_type arg3, arg4_type arg4, \ - arg5_type arg5, arg6_type arg6, arg7_type arg7, arg8_type arg8, \ - arg9_type arg9) const;\ + return_type gmock_PerformImpl(const args_type& args, \ + const arg0_type& arg0, const arg1_type& arg1, \ + const arg2_type& arg2, const arg3_type& arg3, \ + const arg4_type& arg4, const arg5_type& arg5, \ + const arg6_type& arg6, const arg7_type& arg7, \ + const arg8_type& arg8, const arg9_type& arg9) const;\ p0##_type p0;\ private:\ GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(gmock_Impl);\ @@ -1404,8 +819,9 @@ DoAll(Action1 a1, Action2 a2, Action3 a3, Action4 a4, Action5 a5, Action6 a6, template \ class name##ActionP2 {\ public:\ - name##ActionP2(p0##_type gmock_p0, p1##_type gmock_p1) : p0(gmock_p0), \ - p1(gmock_p1) {}\ + name##ActionP2(p0##_type gmock_p0, \ + p1##_type gmock_p1) : p0(::std::forward(gmock_p0)), \ + p1(::std::forward(gmock_p1)) {}\ template \ class gmock_Impl : public ::testing::ActionInterface {\ public:\ @@ -1413,8 +829,9 @@ DoAll(Action1 a1, Action2 a2, Action3 a3, Action4 a4, Action5 a5, Action6 a6, typedef typename ::testing::internal::Function::Result return_type;\ typedef typename ::testing::internal::Function::ArgumentTuple\ args_type;\ - gmock_Impl(p0##_type gmock_p0, p1##_type gmock_p1) : p0(gmock_p0), \ - p1(gmock_p1) {}\ + gmock_Impl(p0##_type gmock_p0, \ + p1##_type gmock_p1) : p0(::std::forward(gmock_p0)), \ + p1(::std::forward(gmock_p1)) {}\ virtual return_type Perform(const args_type& args) {\ return ::testing::internal::ActionHelper::\ Perform(this, args);\ @@ -1423,10 +840,12 @@ DoAll(Action1 a1, Action2 a2, Action3 a3, Action4 a4, Action5 a5, Action6 a6, typename arg3_type, typename arg4_type, typename arg5_type, \ typename arg6_type, typename arg7_type, typename arg8_type, \ typename arg9_type>\ - return_type gmock_PerformImpl(const args_type& args, arg0_type arg0, \ - arg1_type arg1, arg2_type arg2, arg3_type arg3, arg4_type arg4, \ - arg5_type arg5, arg6_type arg6, arg7_type arg7, arg8_type arg8, \ - arg9_type arg9) const;\ + return_type gmock_PerformImpl(const args_type& args, \ + const arg0_type& arg0, const arg1_type& arg1, \ + const arg2_type& arg2, const arg3_type& arg3, \ + const arg4_type& arg4, const arg5_type& arg5, \ + const arg6_type& arg6, const arg7_type& arg7, \ + const arg8_type& arg8, const arg9_type& arg9) const;\ p0##_type p0;\ p1##_type p1;\ private:\ @@ -1460,7 +879,9 @@ DoAll(Action1 a1, Action2 a2, Action3 a3, Action4 a4, Action5 a5, Action6 a6, class name##ActionP3 {\ public:\ name##ActionP3(p0##_type gmock_p0, p1##_type gmock_p1, \ - p2##_type gmock_p2) : p0(gmock_p0), p1(gmock_p1), p2(gmock_p2) {}\ + p2##_type gmock_p2) : p0(::std::forward(gmock_p0)), \ + p1(::std::forward(gmock_p1)), \ + p2(::std::forward(gmock_p2)) {}\ template \ class gmock_Impl : public ::testing::ActionInterface {\ public:\ @@ -1469,7 +890,9 @@ DoAll(Action1 a1, Action2 a2, Action3 a3, Action4 a4, Action5 a5, Action6 a6, typedef typename ::testing::internal::Function::ArgumentTuple\ args_type;\ gmock_Impl(p0##_type gmock_p0, p1##_type gmock_p1, \ - p2##_type gmock_p2) : p0(gmock_p0), p1(gmock_p1), p2(gmock_p2) {}\ + p2##_type gmock_p2) : p0(::std::forward(gmock_p0)), \ + p1(::std::forward(gmock_p1)), \ + p2(::std::forward(gmock_p2)) {}\ virtual return_type Perform(const args_type& args) {\ return ::testing::internal::ActionHelper::\ Perform(this, args);\ @@ -1478,10 +901,12 @@ DoAll(Action1 a1, Action2 a2, Action3 a3, Action4 a4, Action5 a5, Action6 a6, typename arg3_type, typename arg4_type, typename arg5_type, \ typename arg6_type, typename arg7_type, typename arg8_type, \ typename arg9_type>\ - return_type gmock_PerformImpl(const args_type& args, arg0_type arg0, \ - arg1_type arg1, arg2_type arg2, arg3_type arg3, arg4_type arg4, \ - arg5_type arg5, arg6_type arg6, arg7_type arg7, arg8_type arg8, \ - arg9_type arg9) const;\ + return_type gmock_PerformImpl(const args_type& args, \ + const arg0_type& arg0, const arg1_type& arg1, \ + const arg2_type& arg2, const arg3_type& arg3, \ + const arg4_type& arg4, const arg5_type& arg5, \ + const arg6_type& arg6, const arg7_type& arg7, \ + const arg8_type& arg8, const arg9_type& arg9) const;\ p0##_type p0;\ p1##_type p1;\ p2##_type p2;\ @@ -1519,8 +944,11 @@ DoAll(Action1 a1, Action2 a2, Action3 a3, Action4 a4, Action5 a5, Action6 a6, class name##ActionP4 {\ public:\ name##ActionP4(p0##_type gmock_p0, p1##_type gmock_p1, \ - p2##_type gmock_p2, p3##_type gmock_p3) : p0(gmock_p0), p1(gmock_p1), \ - p2(gmock_p2), p3(gmock_p3) {}\ + p2##_type gmock_p2, \ + p3##_type gmock_p3) : p0(::std::forward(gmock_p0)), \ + p1(::std::forward(gmock_p1)), \ + p2(::std::forward(gmock_p2)), \ + p3(::std::forward(gmock_p3)) {}\ template \ class gmock_Impl : public ::testing::ActionInterface {\ public:\ @@ -1529,8 +957,10 @@ DoAll(Action1 a1, Action2 a2, Action3 a3, Action4 a4, Action5 a5, Action6 a6, typedef typename ::testing::internal::Function::ArgumentTuple\ args_type;\ gmock_Impl(p0##_type gmock_p0, p1##_type gmock_p1, p2##_type gmock_p2, \ - p3##_type gmock_p3) : p0(gmock_p0), p1(gmock_p1), p2(gmock_p2), \ - p3(gmock_p3) {}\ + p3##_type gmock_p3) : p0(::std::forward(gmock_p0)), \ + p1(::std::forward(gmock_p1)), \ + p2(::std::forward(gmock_p2)), \ + p3(::std::forward(gmock_p3)) {}\ virtual return_type Perform(const args_type& args) {\ return ::testing::internal::ActionHelper::\ Perform(this, args);\ @@ -1539,10 +969,12 @@ DoAll(Action1 a1, Action2 a2, Action3 a3, Action4 a4, Action5 a5, Action6 a6, typename arg3_type, typename arg4_type, typename arg5_type, \ typename arg6_type, typename arg7_type, typename arg8_type, \ typename arg9_type>\ - return_type gmock_PerformImpl(const args_type& args, arg0_type arg0, \ - arg1_type arg1, arg2_type arg2, arg3_type arg3, arg4_type arg4, \ - arg5_type arg5, arg6_type arg6, arg7_type arg7, arg8_type arg8, \ - arg9_type arg9) const;\ + return_type gmock_PerformImpl(const args_type& args, \ + const arg0_type& arg0, const arg1_type& arg1, \ + const arg2_type& arg2, const arg3_type& arg3, \ + const arg4_type& arg4, const arg5_type& arg5, \ + const arg6_type& arg6, const arg7_type& arg7, \ + const arg8_type& arg8, const arg9_type& arg9) const;\ p0##_type p0;\ p1##_type p1;\ p2##_type p2;\ @@ -1587,8 +1019,11 @@ DoAll(Action1 a1, Action2 a2, Action3 a3, Action4 a4, Action5 a5, Action6 a6, public:\ name##ActionP5(p0##_type gmock_p0, p1##_type gmock_p1, \ p2##_type gmock_p2, p3##_type gmock_p3, \ - p4##_type gmock_p4) : p0(gmock_p0), p1(gmock_p1), p2(gmock_p2), \ - p3(gmock_p3), p4(gmock_p4) {}\ + p4##_type gmock_p4) : p0(::std::forward(gmock_p0)), \ + p1(::std::forward(gmock_p1)), \ + p2(::std::forward(gmock_p2)), \ + p3(::std::forward(gmock_p3)), \ + p4(::std::forward(gmock_p4)) {}\ template \ class gmock_Impl : public ::testing::ActionInterface {\ public:\ @@ -1597,8 +1032,12 @@ DoAll(Action1 a1, Action2 a2, Action3 a3, Action4 a4, Action5 a5, Action6 a6, typedef typename ::testing::internal::Function::ArgumentTuple\ args_type;\ gmock_Impl(p0##_type gmock_p0, p1##_type gmock_p1, p2##_type gmock_p2, \ - p3##_type gmock_p3, p4##_type gmock_p4) : p0(gmock_p0), \ - p1(gmock_p1), p2(gmock_p2), p3(gmock_p3), p4(gmock_p4) {}\ + p3##_type gmock_p3, \ + p4##_type gmock_p4) : p0(::std::forward(gmock_p0)), \ + p1(::std::forward(gmock_p1)), \ + p2(::std::forward(gmock_p2)), \ + p3(::std::forward(gmock_p3)), \ + p4(::std::forward(gmock_p4)) {}\ virtual return_type Perform(const args_type& args) {\ return ::testing::internal::ActionHelper::\ Perform(this, args);\ @@ -1607,10 +1046,12 @@ DoAll(Action1 a1, Action2 a2, Action3 a3, Action4 a4, Action5 a5, Action6 a6, typename arg3_type, typename arg4_type, typename arg5_type, \ typename arg6_type, typename arg7_type, typename arg8_type, \ typename arg9_type>\ - return_type gmock_PerformImpl(const args_type& args, arg0_type arg0, \ - arg1_type arg1, arg2_type arg2, arg3_type arg3, arg4_type arg4, \ - arg5_type arg5, arg6_type arg6, arg7_type arg7, arg8_type arg8, \ - arg9_type arg9) const;\ + return_type gmock_PerformImpl(const args_type& args, \ + const arg0_type& arg0, const arg1_type& arg1, \ + const arg2_type& arg2, const arg3_type& arg3, \ + const arg4_type& arg4, const arg5_type& arg5, \ + const arg6_type& arg6, const arg7_type& arg7, \ + const arg8_type& arg8, const arg9_type& arg9) const;\ p0##_type p0;\ p1##_type p1;\ p2##_type p2;\ @@ -1657,8 +1098,12 @@ DoAll(Action1 a1, Action2 a2, Action3 a3, Action4 a4, Action5 a5, Action6 a6, public:\ name##ActionP6(p0##_type gmock_p0, p1##_type gmock_p1, \ p2##_type gmock_p2, p3##_type gmock_p3, p4##_type gmock_p4, \ - p5##_type gmock_p5) : p0(gmock_p0), p1(gmock_p1), p2(gmock_p2), \ - p3(gmock_p3), p4(gmock_p4), p5(gmock_p5) {}\ + p5##_type gmock_p5) : p0(::std::forward(gmock_p0)), \ + p1(::std::forward(gmock_p1)), \ + p2(::std::forward(gmock_p2)), \ + p3(::std::forward(gmock_p3)), \ + p4(::std::forward(gmock_p4)), \ + p5(::std::forward(gmock_p5)) {}\ template \ class gmock_Impl : public ::testing::ActionInterface {\ public:\ @@ -1668,8 +1113,12 @@ DoAll(Action1 a1, Action2 a2, Action3 a3, Action4 a4, Action5 a5, Action6 a6, args_type;\ gmock_Impl(p0##_type gmock_p0, p1##_type gmock_p1, p2##_type gmock_p2, \ p3##_type gmock_p3, p4##_type gmock_p4, \ - p5##_type gmock_p5) : p0(gmock_p0), p1(gmock_p1), p2(gmock_p2), \ - p3(gmock_p3), p4(gmock_p4), p5(gmock_p5) {}\ + p5##_type gmock_p5) : p0(::std::forward(gmock_p0)), \ + p1(::std::forward(gmock_p1)), \ + p2(::std::forward(gmock_p2)), \ + p3(::std::forward(gmock_p3)), \ + p4(::std::forward(gmock_p4)), \ + p5(::std::forward(gmock_p5)) {}\ virtual return_type Perform(const args_type& args) {\ return ::testing::internal::ActionHelper::\ Perform(this, args);\ @@ -1678,10 +1127,12 @@ DoAll(Action1 a1, Action2 a2, Action3 a3, Action4 a4, Action5 a5, Action6 a6, typename arg3_type, typename arg4_type, typename arg5_type, \ typename arg6_type, typename arg7_type, typename arg8_type, \ typename arg9_type>\ - return_type gmock_PerformImpl(const args_type& args, arg0_type arg0, \ - arg1_type arg1, arg2_type arg2, arg3_type arg3, arg4_type arg4, \ - arg5_type arg5, arg6_type arg6, arg7_type arg7, arg8_type arg8, \ - arg9_type arg9) const;\ + return_type gmock_PerformImpl(const args_type& args, \ + const arg0_type& arg0, const arg1_type& arg1, \ + const arg2_type& arg2, const arg3_type& arg3, \ + const arg4_type& arg4, const arg5_type& arg5, \ + const arg6_type& arg6, const arg7_type& arg7, \ + const arg8_type& arg8, const arg9_type& arg9) const;\ p0##_type p0;\ p1##_type p1;\ p2##_type p2;\ @@ -1731,9 +1182,14 @@ DoAll(Action1 a1, Action2 a2, Action3 a3, Action4 a4, Action5 a5, Action6 a6, public:\ name##ActionP7(p0##_type gmock_p0, p1##_type gmock_p1, \ p2##_type gmock_p2, p3##_type gmock_p3, p4##_type gmock_p4, \ - p5##_type gmock_p5, p6##_type gmock_p6) : p0(gmock_p0), p1(gmock_p1), \ - p2(gmock_p2), p3(gmock_p3), p4(gmock_p4), p5(gmock_p5), \ - p6(gmock_p6) {}\ + p5##_type gmock_p5, \ + p6##_type gmock_p6) : p0(::std::forward(gmock_p0)), \ + p1(::std::forward(gmock_p1)), \ + p2(::std::forward(gmock_p2)), \ + p3(::std::forward(gmock_p3)), \ + p4(::std::forward(gmock_p4)), \ + p5(::std::forward(gmock_p5)), \ + p6(::std::forward(gmock_p6)) {}\ template \ class gmock_Impl : public ::testing::ActionInterface {\ public:\ @@ -1743,8 +1199,13 @@ DoAll(Action1 a1, Action2 a2, Action3 a3, Action4 a4, Action5 a5, Action6 a6, args_type;\ gmock_Impl(p0##_type gmock_p0, p1##_type gmock_p1, p2##_type gmock_p2, \ p3##_type gmock_p3, p4##_type gmock_p4, p5##_type gmock_p5, \ - p6##_type gmock_p6) : p0(gmock_p0), p1(gmock_p1), p2(gmock_p2), \ - p3(gmock_p3), p4(gmock_p4), p5(gmock_p5), p6(gmock_p6) {}\ + p6##_type gmock_p6) : p0(::std::forward(gmock_p0)), \ + p1(::std::forward(gmock_p1)), \ + p2(::std::forward(gmock_p2)), \ + p3(::std::forward(gmock_p3)), \ + p4(::std::forward(gmock_p4)), \ + p5(::std::forward(gmock_p5)), \ + p6(::std::forward(gmock_p6)) {}\ virtual return_type Perform(const args_type& args) {\ return ::testing::internal::ActionHelper::\ Perform(this, args);\ @@ -1753,10 +1214,12 @@ DoAll(Action1 a1, Action2 a2, Action3 a3, Action4 a4, Action5 a5, Action6 a6, typename arg3_type, typename arg4_type, typename arg5_type, \ typename arg6_type, typename arg7_type, typename arg8_type, \ typename arg9_type>\ - return_type gmock_PerformImpl(const args_type& args, arg0_type arg0, \ - arg1_type arg1, arg2_type arg2, arg3_type arg3, arg4_type arg4, \ - arg5_type arg5, arg6_type arg6, arg7_type arg7, arg8_type arg8, \ - arg9_type arg9) const;\ + return_type gmock_PerformImpl(const args_type& args, \ + const arg0_type& arg0, const arg1_type& arg1, \ + const arg2_type& arg2, const arg3_type& arg3, \ + const arg4_type& arg4, const arg5_type& arg5, \ + const arg6_type& arg6, const arg7_type& arg7, \ + const arg8_type& arg8, const arg9_type& arg9) const;\ p0##_type p0;\ p1##_type p1;\ p2##_type p2;\ @@ -1813,9 +1276,14 @@ DoAll(Action1 a1, Action2 a2, Action3 a3, Action4 a4, Action5 a5, Action6 a6, name##ActionP8(p0##_type gmock_p0, p1##_type gmock_p1, \ p2##_type gmock_p2, p3##_type gmock_p3, p4##_type gmock_p4, \ p5##_type gmock_p5, p6##_type gmock_p6, \ - p7##_type gmock_p7) : p0(gmock_p0), p1(gmock_p1), p2(gmock_p2), \ - p3(gmock_p3), p4(gmock_p4), p5(gmock_p5), p6(gmock_p6), \ - p7(gmock_p7) {}\ + p7##_type gmock_p7) : p0(::std::forward(gmock_p0)), \ + p1(::std::forward(gmock_p1)), \ + p2(::std::forward(gmock_p2)), \ + p3(::std::forward(gmock_p3)), \ + p4(::std::forward(gmock_p4)), \ + p5(::std::forward(gmock_p5)), \ + p6(::std::forward(gmock_p6)), \ + p7(::std::forward(gmock_p7)) {}\ template \ class gmock_Impl : public ::testing::ActionInterface {\ public:\ @@ -1825,9 +1293,15 @@ DoAll(Action1 a1, Action2 a2, Action3 a3, Action4 a4, Action5 a5, Action6 a6, args_type;\ gmock_Impl(p0##_type gmock_p0, p1##_type gmock_p1, p2##_type gmock_p2, \ p3##_type gmock_p3, p4##_type gmock_p4, p5##_type gmock_p5, \ - p6##_type gmock_p6, p7##_type gmock_p7) : p0(gmock_p0), \ - p1(gmock_p1), p2(gmock_p2), p3(gmock_p3), p4(gmock_p4), \ - p5(gmock_p5), p6(gmock_p6), p7(gmock_p7) {}\ + p6##_type gmock_p6, \ + p7##_type gmock_p7) : p0(::std::forward(gmock_p0)), \ + p1(::std::forward(gmock_p1)), \ + p2(::std::forward(gmock_p2)), \ + p3(::std::forward(gmock_p3)), \ + p4(::std::forward(gmock_p4)), \ + p5(::std::forward(gmock_p5)), \ + p6(::std::forward(gmock_p6)), \ + p7(::std::forward(gmock_p7)) {}\ virtual return_type Perform(const args_type& args) {\ return ::testing::internal::ActionHelper::\ Perform(this, args);\ @@ -1836,10 +1310,12 @@ DoAll(Action1 a1, Action2 a2, Action3 a3, Action4 a4, Action5 a5, Action6 a6, typename arg3_type, typename arg4_type, typename arg5_type, \ typename arg6_type, typename arg7_type, typename arg8_type, \ typename arg9_type>\ - return_type gmock_PerformImpl(const args_type& args, arg0_type arg0, \ - arg1_type arg1, arg2_type arg2, arg3_type arg3, arg4_type arg4, \ - arg5_type arg5, arg6_type arg6, arg7_type arg7, arg8_type arg8, \ - arg9_type arg9) const;\ + return_type gmock_PerformImpl(const args_type& args, \ + const arg0_type& arg0, const arg1_type& arg1, \ + const arg2_type& arg2, const arg3_type& arg3, \ + const arg4_type& arg4, const arg5_type& arg5, \ + const arg6_type& arg6, const arg7_type& arg7, \ + const arg8_type& arg8, const arg9_type& arg9) const;\ p0##_type p0;\ p1##_type p1;\ p2##_type p2;\ @@ -1900,9 +1376,15 @@ DoAll(Action1 a1, Action2 a2, Action3 a3, Action4 a4, Action5 a5, Action6 a6, name##ActionP9(p0##_type gmock_p0, p1##_type gmock_p1, \ p2##_type gmock_p2, p3##_type gmock_p3, p4##_type gmock_p4, \ p5##_type gmock_p5, p6##_type gmock_p6, p7##_type gmock_p7, \ - p8##_type gmock_p8) : p0(gmock_p0), p1(gmock_p1), p2(gmock_p2), \ - p3(gmock_p3), p4(gmock_p4), p5(gmock_p5), p6(gmock_p6), p7(gmock_p7), \ - p8(gmock_p8) {}\ + p8##_type gmock_p8) : p0(::std::forward(gmock_p0)), \ + p1(::std::forward(gmock_p1)), \ + p2(::std::forward(gmock_p2)), \ + p3(::std::forward(gmock_p3)), \ + p4(::std::forward(gmock_p4)), \ + p5(::std::forward(gmock_p5)), \ + p6(::std::forward(gmock_p6)), \ + p7(::std::forward(gmock_p7)), \ + p8(::std::forward(gmock_p8)) {}\ template \ class gmock_Impl : public ::testing::ActionInterface {\ public:\ @@ -1913,9 +1395,15 @@ DoAll(Action1 a1, Action2 a2, Action3 a3, Action4 a4, Action5 a5, Action6 a6, gmock_Impl(p0##_type gmock_p0, p1##_type gmock_p1, p2##_type gmock_p2, \ p3##_type gmock_p3, p4##_type gmock_p4, p5##_type gmock_p5, \ p6##_type gmock_p6, p7##_type gmock_p7, \ - p8##_type gmock_p8) : p0(gmock_p0), p1(gmock_p1), p2(gmock_p2), \ - p3(gmock_p3), p4(gmock_p4), p5(gmock_p5), p6(gmock_p6), \ - p7(gmock_p7), p8(gmock_p8) {}\ + p8##_type gmock_p8) : p0(::std::forward(gmock_p0)), \ + p1(::std::forward(gmock_p1)), \ + p2(::std::forward(gmock_p2)), \ + p3(::std::forward(gmock_p3)), \ + p4(::std::forward(gmock_p4)), \ + p5(::std::forward(gmock_p5)), \ + p6(::std::forward(gmock_p6)), \ + p7(::std::forward(gmock_p7)), \ + p8(::std::forward(gmock_p8)) {}\ virtual return_type Perform(const args_type& args) {\ return ::testing::internal::ActionHelper::\ Perform(this, args);\ @@ -1924,10 +1412,12 @@ DoAll(Action1 a1, Action2 a2, Action3 a3, Action4 a4, Action5 a5, Action6 a6, typename arg3_type, typename arg4_type, typename arg5_type, \ typename arg6_type, typename arg7_type, typename arg8_type, \ typename arg9_type>\ - return_type gmock_PerformImpl(const args_type& args, arg0_type arg0, \ - arg1_type arg1, arg2_type arg2, arg3_type arg3, arg4_type arg4, \ - arg5_type arg5, arg6_type arg6, arg7_type arg7, arg8_type arg8, \ - arg9_type arg9) const;\ + return_type gmock_PerformImpl(const args_type& args, \ + const arg0_type& arg0, const arg1_type& arg1, \ + const arg2_type& arg2, const arg3_type& arg3, \ + const arg4_type& arg4, const arg5_type& arg5, \ + const arg6_type& arg6, const arg7_type& arg7, \ + const arg8_type& arg8, const arg9_type& arg9) const;\ p0##_type p0;\ p1##_type p1;\ p2##_type p2;\ @@ -1992,9 +1482,17 @@ DoAll(Action1 a1, Action2 a2, Action3 a3, Action4 a4, Action5 a5, Action6 a6, name##ActionP10(p0##_type gmock_p0, p1##_type gmock_p1, \ p2##_type gmock_p2, p3##_type gmock_p3, p4##_type gmock_p4, \ p5##_type gmock_p5, p6##_type gmock_p6, p7##_type gmock_p7, \ - p8##_type gmock_p8, p9##_type gmock_p9) : p0(gmock_p0), p1(gmock_p1), \ - p2(gmock_p2), p3(gmock_p3), p4(gmock_p4), p5(gmock_p5), p6(gmock_p6), \ - p7(gmock_p7), p8(gmock_p8), p9(gmock_p9) {}\ + p8##_type gmock_p8, \ + p9##_type gmock_p9) : p0(::std::forward(gmock_p0)), \ + p1(::std::forward(gmock_p1)), \ + p2(::std::forward(gmock_p2)), \ + p3(::std::forward(gmock_p3)), \ + p4(::std::forward(gmock_p4)), \ + p5(::std::forward(gmock_p5)), \ + p6(::std::forward(gmock_p6)), \ + p7(::std::forward(gmock_p7)), \ + p8(::std::forward(gmock_p8)), \ + p9(::std::forward(gmock_p9)) {}\ template \ class gmock_Impl : public ::testing::ActionInterface {\ public:\ @@ -2005,9 +1503,16 @@ DoAll(Action1 a1, Action2 a2, Action3 a3, Action4 a4, Action5 a5, Action6 a6, gmock_Impl(p0##_type gmock_p0, p1##_type gmock_p1, p2##_type gmock_p2, \ p3##_type gmock_p3, p4##_type gmock_p4, p5##_type gmock_p5, \ p6##_type gmock_p6, p7##_type gmock_p7, p8##_type gmock_p8, \ - p9##_type gmock_p9) : p0(gmock_p0), p1(gmock_p1), p2(gmock_p2), \ - p3(gmock_p3), p4(gmock_p4), p5(gmock_p5), p6(gmock_p6), \ - p7(gmock_p7), p8(gmock_p8), p9(gmock_p9) {}\ + p9##_type gmock_p9) : p0(::std::forward(gmock_p0)), \ + p1(::std::forward(gmock_p1)), \ + p2(::std::forward(gmock_p2)), \ + p3(::std::forward(gmock_p3)), \ + p4(::std::forward(gmock_p4)), \ + p5(::std::forward(gmock_p5)), \ + p6(::std::forward(gmock_p6)), \ + p7(::std::forward(gmock_p7)), \ + p8(::std::forward(gmock_p8)), \ + p9(::std::forward(gmock_p9)) {}\ virtual return_type Perform(const args_type& args) {\ return ::testing::internal::ActionHelper::\ Perform(this, args);\ @@ -2016,10 +1521,12 @@ DoAll(Action1 a1, Action2 a2, Action3 a3, Action4 a4, Action5 a5, Action6 a6, typename arg3_type, typename arg4_type, typename arg5_type, \ typename arg6_type, typename arg7_type, typename arg8_type, \ typename arg9_type>\ - return_type gmock_PerformImpl(const args_type& args, arg0_type arg0, \ - arg1_type arg1, arg2_type arg2, arg3_type arg3, arg4_type arg4, \ - arg5_type arg5, arg6_type arg6, arg7_type arg7, arg8_type arg8, \ - arg9_type arg9) const;\ + return_type gmock_PerformImpl(const args_type& args, \ + const arg0_type& arg0, const arg1_type& arg1, \ + const arg2_type& arg2, const arg3_type& arg3, \ + const arg4_type& arg4, const arg5_type& arg5, \ + const arg6_type& arg6, const arg7_type& arg7, \ + const arg8_type& arg8, const arg9_type& arg9) const;\ p0##_type p0;\ p1##_type p1;\ p2##_type p2;\ @@ -2199,7 +1706,7 @@ ACTION_TEMPLATE(InvokeArgument, using internal::invoke_argument::InvokeArgumentAdl; return InvokeArgumentAdl( internal::invoke_argument::AdlTag(), - ::testing::get(args)); + ::std::get(args)); } ACTION_TEMPLATE(InvokeArgument, @@ -2208,7 +1715,7 @@ ACTION_TEMPLATE(InvokeArgument, using internal::invoke_argument::InvokeArgumentAdl; return InvokeArgumentAdl( internal::invoke_argument::AdlTag(), - ::testing::get(args), p0); + ::std::get(args), p0); } ACTION_TEMPLATE(InvokeArgument, @@ -2217,7 +1724,7 @@ ACTION_TEMPLATE(InvokeArgument, using internal::invoke_argument::InvokeArgumentAdl; return InvokeArgumentAdl( internal::invoke_argument::AdlTag(), - ::testing::get(args), p0, p1); + ::std::get(args), p0, p1); } ACTION_TEMPLATE(InvokeArgument, @@ -2226,7 +1733,7 @@ ACTION_TEMPLATE(InvokeArgument, using internal::invoke_argument::InvokeArgumentAdl; return InvokeArgumentAdl( internal::invoke_argument::AdlTag(), - ::testing::get(args), p0, p1, p2); + ::std::get(args), p0, p1, p2); } ACTION_TEMPLATE(InvokeArgument, @@ -2235,7 +1742,7 @@ ACTION_TEMPLATE(InvokeArgument, using internal::invoke_argument::InvokeArgumentAdl; return InvokeArgumentAdl( internal::invoke_argument::AdlTag(), - ::testing::get(args), p0, p1, p2, p3); + ::std::get(args), p0, p1, p2, p3); } ACTION_TEMPLATE(InvokeArgument, @@ -2244,7 +1751,7 @@ ACTION_TEMPLATE(InvokeArgument, using internal::invoke_argument::InvokeArgumentAdl; return InvokeArgumentAdl( internal::invoke_argument::AdlTag(), - ::testing::get(args), p0, p1, p2, p3, p4); + ::std::get(args), p0, p1, p2, p3, p4); } ACTION_TEMPLATE(InvokeArgument, @@ -2253,7 +1760,7 @@ ACTION_TEMPLATE(InvokeArgument, using internal::invoke_argument::InvokeArgumentAdl; return InvokeArgumentAdl( internal::invoke_argument::AdlTag(), - ::testing::get(args), p0, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5); + ::std::get(args), p0, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5); } ACTION_TEMPLATE(InvokeArgument, @@ -2262,7 +1769,7 @@ ACTION_TEMPLATE(InvokeArgument, using internal::invoke_argument::InvokeArgumentAdl; return InvokeArgumentAdl( internal::invoke_argument::AdlTag(), - ::testing::get(args), p0, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6); + ::std::get(args), p0, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6); } ACTION_TEMPLATE(InvokeArgument, @@ -2271,7 +1778,7 @@ ACTION_TEMPLATE(InvokeArgument, using internal::invoke_argument::InvokeArgumentAdl; return InvokeArgumentAdl( internal::invoke_argument::AdlTag(), - ::testing::get(args), p0, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, p7); + ::std::get(args), p0, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, p7); } ACTION_TEMPLATE(InvokeArgument, @@ -2280,7 +1787,7 @@ ACTION_TEMPLATE(InvokeArgument, using internal::invoke_argument::InvokeArgumentAdl; return InvokeArgumentAdl( internal::invoke_argument::AdlTag(), - ::testing::get(args), p0, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, p7, p8); + ::std::get(args), p0, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, p7, p8); } ACTION_TEMPLATE(InvokeArgument, @@ -2289,7 +1796,7 @@ ACTION_TEMPLATE(InvokeArgument, using internal::invoke_argument::InvokeArgumentAdl; return InvokeArgumentAdl( internal::invoke_argument::AdlTag(), - ::testing::get(args), p0, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, p7, p8, p9); + ::std::get(args), p0, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, p7, p8, p9); } // Various overloads for ReturnNew(). @@ -2369,7 +1876,7 @@ ACTION_TEMPLATE(ReturnNew, } // namespace testing -// Include any custom actions added by the local installation. +// Include any custom callback actions added by the local installation. // We must include this header at the end to make sure it can use the // declarations from this file. #include "gmock/internal/custom/gmock-generated-actions.h" diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-actions.h.pump b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-actions.h.pump index 66d9f9d..209603c 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-actions.h.pump +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-actions.h.pump @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ $$ -*- mode: c++; -*- -$$ This is a Pump source file. Please use Pump to convert it to +$$ This is a Pump source file. Please use Pump to convert it to $$ gmock-generated-actions.h. $$ $var n = 10 $$ The maximum arity we support. @@ -32,145 +32,26 @@ $$}} This meta comment fixes auto-indentation in editors. // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. -// -// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan) + // Google Mock - a framework for writing C++ mock classes. // // This file implements some commonly used variadic actions. +// GOOGLETEST_CM0002 DO NOT DELETE + #ifndef GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_GENERATED_ACTIONS_H_ #define GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_GENERATED_ACTIONS_H_ +#include +#include + #include "gmock/gmock-actions.h" #include "gmock/internal/gmock-port.h" namespace testing { namespace internal { -// InvokeHelper knows how to unpack an N-tuple and invoke an N-ary -// function or method with the unpacked values, where F is a function -// type that takes N arguments. -template -class InvokeHelper; - - -$range i 0..n -$for i [[ -$range j 1..i -$var types = [[$for j [[, typename A$j]]]] -$var as = [[$for j, [[A$j]]]] -$var args = [[$if i==0 [[]] $else [[ args]]]] -$var gets = [[$for j, [[get<$(j - 1)>(args)]]]] -template -class InvokeHelper > { - public: - template - static R Invoke(Function function, const ::testing::tuple<$as>&$args) { - return function($gets); - } - - template - static R InvokeMethod(Class* obj_ptr, - MethodPtr method_ptr, - const ::testing::tuple<$as>&$args) { - return (obj_ptr->*method_ptr)($gets); - } -}; - - -]] -// An INTERNAL macro for extracting the type of a tuple field. It's -// subject to change without notice - DO NOT USE IN USER CODE! -#define GMOCK_FIELD_(Tuple, N) \ - typename ::testing::tuple_element::type - -$range i 1..n - -// SelectArgs::type is the -// type of an n-ary function whose i-th (1-based) argument type is the -// k{i}-th (0-based) field of ArgumentTuple, which must be a tuple -// type, and whose return type is Result. For example, -// SelectArgs, 0, 3>::type -// is int(bool, long). -// -// SelectArgs::Select(args) -// returns the selected fields (k1, k2, ..., k_n) of args as a tuple. -// For example, -// SelectArgs, 2, 0>::Select( -// ::testing::make_tuple(true, 'a', 2.5)) -// returns tuple (2.5, true). -// -// The numbers in list k1, k2, ..., k_n must be >= 0, where n can be -// in the range [0, $n]. Duplicates are allowed and they don't have -// to be in an ascending or descending order. - -template -class SelectArgs { - public: - typedef Result type($for i, [[GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k$i)]]); - typedef typename Function::ArgumentTuple SelectedArgs; - static SelectedArgs Select(const ArgumentTuple& args) { - return SelectedArgs($for i, [[get(args)]]); - } -}; - - -$for i [[ -$range j 1..n -$range j1 1..i-1 -template -class SelectArgs { - public: - typedef Result type($for j1, [[GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k$j1)]]); - typedef typename Function::ArgumentTuple SelectedArgs; - static SelectedArgs Select(const ArgumentTuple& [[]] -$if i == 1 [[/* args */]] $else [[args]]) { - return SelectedArgs($for j1, [[get(args)]]); - } -}; - - -]] -#undef GMOCK_FIELD_ - -$var ks = [[$for i, [[k$i]]]] - -// Implements the WithArgs action. -template -class WithArgsAction { - public: - explicit WithArgsAction(const InnerAction& action) : action_(action) {} - - template - operator Action() const { return MakeAction(new Impl(action_)); } - - private: - template - class Impl : public ActionInterface { - public: - typedef typename Function::Result Result; - typedef typename Function::ArgumentTuple ArgumentTuple; - - explicit Impl(const InnerAction& action) : action_(action) {} - - virtual Result Perform(const ArgumentTuple& args) { - return action_.Perform(SelectArgs::Select(args)); - } - - private: - typedef typename SelectArgs::type InnerFunctionType; - - Action action_; - }; - - const InnerAction action_; - - GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(WithArgsAction); -}; - // A macro from the ACTION* family (defined later in this file) // defines an action that can be used in a mock function. Typically, // these actions only care about a subset of the arguments of the mock @@ -201,12 +82,12 @@ $range j 0..i-1 ]]]] $range j 0..i-1 $var As = [[$for j, [[A$j]]]] -$var as = [[$for j, [[get<$j>(args)]]]] +$var as = [[$for j, [[std::get<$j>(args)]]]] $range k 1..n-i $var eas = [[$for k, [[ExcessiveArg()]]]] $var arg_list = [[$if (i==0) | (i==n) [[$as$eas]] $else [[$as, $eas]]]] $template - static Result Perform(Impl* impl, const ::testing::tuple<$As>& args) { + static Result Perform(Impl* impl, const ::std::tuple<$As>& args) { return impl->template gmock_PerformImpl<$As>(args, $arg_list); } @@ -214,53 +95,6 @@ $template }; } // namespace internal - -// Various overloads for Invoke(). - -// WithArgs(an_action) creates an action that passes -// the selected arguments of the mock function to an_action and -// performs it. It serves as an adaptor between actions with -// different argument lists. C++ doesn't support default arguments for -// function templates, so we have to overload it. - -$range i 1..n -$for i [[ -$range j 1..i -template <$for j [[int k$j, ]]typename InnerAction> -inline internal::WithArgsAction -WithArgs(const InnerAction& action) { - return internal::WithArgsAction(action); -} - - -]] -// Creates an action that does actions a1, a2, ..., sequentially in -// each invocation. -$range i 2..n -$for i [[ -$range j 2..i -$var types = [[$for j, [[typename Action$j]]]] -$var Aas = [[$for j [[, Action$j a$j]]]] - -template -$range k 1..i-1 - -inline $for k [[internal::DoBothAction]] - -DoAll(Action1 a1$Aas) { -$if i==2 [[ - - return internal::DoBothAction(a1, a2); -]] $else [[ -$range j2 2..i - - return DoAll(a1, DoAll($for j2, [[a$j2]])); -]] - -} - -]] - } // namespace testing // The ACTION* family of macros can be used in a namespace scope to @@ -348,16 +182,15 @@ $range j2 2..i // // CAVEAT: // -// ACTION*() can only be used in a namespace scope. The reason is -// that C++ doesn't yet allow function-local types to be used to -// instantiate templates. The up-coming C++0x standard will fix this. -// Once that's done, we'll consider supporting using ACTION*() inside -// a function. +// ACTION*() can only be used in a namespace scope as templates cannot be +// declared inside of a local class. +// Users can, however, define any local functors (e.g. a lambda) that +// can be used as actions. // // MORE INFORMATION: // -// To learn more about using these macros, please search for 'ACTION' -// on http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/CookBook. +// To learn more about using these macros, please search for 'ACTION' on +// https://github.com/google/googletest/blob/master/googlemock/docs/cook_book.md $range i 0..n $range k 0..n-1 @@ -366,7 +199,7 @@ $range k 0..n-1 #define GMOCK_ACTION_ARG_TYPES_AND_NAMES_UNUSED_\ const args_type& args GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_ $for k [[, \ - arg$k[[]]_type arg$k GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_]] + const arg$k[[]]_type& arg$k GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_]] // Sometimes you want to give an action explicit template parameters @@ -393,7 +226,7 @@ $for k [[, \ // ACTION_TEMPLATE(DuplicateArg, // HAS_2_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(int, k, typename, T), // AND_1_VALUE_PARAMS(output)) { -// *output = T(::testing::get(args)); +// *output = T(::std::get(args)); // } // ... // int n; @@ -486,7 +319,7 @@ _VALUE_PARAMS($for j, [[p$j]]) $for j [[, typename p$j##_type]] $for i [[ $range j 0..i-1 #define GMOCK_INTERNAL_INIT_AND_$i[[]]_VALUE_PARAMS($for j, [[p$j]])\ - ($for j, [[p$j##_type gmock_p$j]])$if i>0 [[ : ]]$for j, [[p$j(gmock_p$j)]] + ($for j, [[p$j##_type gmock_p$j]])$if i>0 [[ : ]]$for j, [[p$j(::std::move(gmock_p$j))]] ]] @@ -568,7 +401,7 @@ $range k 0..n-1 }\ template <$for k, [[typename arg$k[[]]_type]]>\ return_type gmock_PerformImpl(const args_type& args[[]] -$for k [[, arg$k[[]]_type arg$k]]) const;\ +$for k [[, const arg$k[[]]_type& arg$k]]) const;\ GMOCK_INTERNAL_DEFN_##value_params\ private:\ GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(gmock_Impl);\ @@ -619,7 +452,7 @@ $var class_name = [[name##Action[[$if i==0 [[]] $elif i==1 [[P]] $range j 0..i-1 $var ctor_param_list = [[$for j, [[p$j##_type gmock_p$j]]]] $var param_types_and_names = [[$for j, [[p$j##_type p$j]]]] -$var inits = [[$if i==0 [[]] $else [[ : $for j, [[p$j(gmock_p$j)]]]]]] +$var inits = [[$if i==0 [[]] $else [[ : $for j, [[p$j(::std::forward(gmock_p$j))]]]]]] $var param_field_decls = [[$for j [[ @@ -633,7 +466,7 @@ $var param_field_decls2 = [[$for j $var params = [[$for j, [[p$j]]]] $var param_types = [[$if i==0 [[]] $else [[<$for j, [[p$j##_type]]>]]]] $var typename_arg_types = [[$for k, [[typename arg$k[[]]_type]]]] -$var arg_types_and_names = [[$for k, [[arg$k[[]]_type arg$k]]]] +$var arg_types_and_names = [[$for k, [[const arg$k[[]]_type& arg$k]]]] $var macro_name = [[$if i==0 [[ACTION]] $elif i==1 [[ACTION_P]] $else [[ACTION_P$i]]]] @@ -757,7 +590,7 @@ ACTION_TEMPLATE(InvokeArgument, using internal::invoke_argument::InvokeArgumentAdl; return InvokeArgumentAdl( internal::invoke_argument::AdlTag(), - ::testing::get(args)$for j [[, p$j]]); + ::std::get(args)$for j [[, p$j]]); } ]] diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-function-mockers.h b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-function-mockers.h index 4fa5ca9..cd95781 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-function-mockers.h +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-function-mockers.h @@ -30,295 +30,76 @@ // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. -// -// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan) + // Google Mock - a framework for writing C++ mock classes. // // This file implements function mockers of various arities. +// GOOGLETEST_CM0002 DO NOT DELETE + #ifndef GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_GENERATED_FUNCTION_MOCKERS_H_ #define GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_GENERATED_FUNCTION_MOCKERS_H_ +#include +#include + #include "gmock/gmock-spec-builders.h" #include "gmock/internal/gmock-internal-utils.h" -#if GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_ -# include -#endif - namespace testing { namespace internal { +// Removes the given pointer; this is a helper for the expectation setter method +// for parameterless matchers. +// +// We want to make sure that the user cannot set a parameterless expectation on +// overloaded methods, including methods which are overloaded on const. Example: +// +// class MockClass { +// MOCK_METHOD0(GetName, string&()); +// MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(GetName, const string&()); +// }; +// +// TEST() { +// // This should be an error, as it's not clear which overload is expected. +// EXPECT_CALL(mock, GetName).WillOnce(ReturnRef(value)); +// } +// +// Here are the generated expectation-setter methods: +// +// class MockClass { +// // Overload 1 +// MockSpec gmock_GetName() { ... } +// // Overload 2. Declared const so that the compiler will generate an +// // error when trying to resolve between this and overload 4 in +// // 'gmock_GetName(WithoutMatchers(), nullptr)'. +// MockSpec gmock_GetName( +// const WithoutMatchers&, const Function*) const { +// // Removes const from this, calls overload 1 +// return AdjustConstness_(this)->gmock_GetName(); +// } +// +// // Overload 3 +// const string& gmock_GetName() const { ... } +// // Overload 4 +// MockSpec gmock_GetName( +// const WithoutMatchers&, const Function*) const { +// // Does not remove const, calls overload 3 +// return AdjustConstness_const(this)->gmock_GetName(); +// } +// } +// +template +const MockType* AdjustConstness_const(const MockType* mock) { + return mock; +} -template -class FunctionMockerBase; - -// Note: class FunctionMocker really belongs to the ::testing -// namespace. However if we define it in ::testing, MSVC will -// complain when classes in ::testing::internal declare it as a -// friend class template. To workaround this compiler bug, we define -// FunctionMocker in ::testing::internal and import it into ::testing. -template -class FunctionMocker; - -template -class FunctionMocker : public - internal::FunctionMockerBase { - public: - typedef R F(); - typedef typename internal::Function::ArgumentTuple ArgumentTuple; - - MockSpec& With() { - return this->current_spec(); - } - - R Invoke() { - // Even though gcc and MSVC don't enforce it, 'this->' is required - // by the C++ standard [14.6.4] here, as the base class type is - // dependent on the template argument (and thus shouldn't be - // looked into when resolving InvokeWith). - return this->InvokeWith(ArgumentTuple()); - } -}; - -template -class FunctionMocker : public - internal::FunctionMockerBase { - public: - typedef R F(A1); - typedef typename internal::Function::ArgumentTuple ArgumentTuple; - - MockSpec& With(const Matcher& m1) { - this->current_spec().SetMatchers(::testing::make_tuple(m1)); - return this->current_spec(); - } - - R Invoke(A1 a1) { - // Even though gcc and MSVC don't enforce it, 'this->' is required - // by the C++ standard [14.6.4] here, as the base class type is - // dependent on the template argument (and thus shouldn't be - // looked into when resolving InvokeWith). - return this->InvokeWith(ArgumentTuple(a1)); - } -}; - -template -class FunctionMocker : public - internal::FunctionMockerBase { - public: - typedef R F(A1, A2); - typedef typename internal::Function::ArgumentTuple ArgumentTuple; - - MockSpec& With(const Matcher& m1, const Matcher& m2) { - this->current_spec().SetMatchers(::testing::make_tuple(m1, m2)); - return this->current_spec(); - } - - R Invoke(A1 a1, A2 a2) { - // Even though gcc and MSVC don't enforce it, 'this->' is required - // by the C++ standard [14.6.4] here, as the base class type is - // dependent on the template argument (and thus shouldn't be - // looked into when resolving InvokeWith). - return this->InvokeWith(ArgumentTuple(a1, a2)); - } -}; - -template -class FunctionMocker : public - internal::FunctionMockerBase { - public: - typedef R F(A1, A2, A3); - typedef typename internal::Function::ArgumentTuple ArgumentTuple; - - MockSpec& With(const Matcher& m1, const Matcher& m2, - const Matcher& m3) { - this->current_spec().SetMatchers(::testing::make_tuple(m1, m2, m3)); - return this->current_spec(); - } - - R Invoke(A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3) { - // Even though gcc and MSVC don't enforce it, 'this->' is required - // by the C++ standard [14.6.4] here, as the base class type is - // dependent on the template argument (and thus shouldn't be - // looked into when resolving InvokeWith). - return this->InvokeWith(ArgumentTuple(a1, a2, a3)); - } -}; - -template -class FunctionMocker : public - internal::FunctionMockerBase { - public: - typedef R F(A1, A2, A3, A4); - typedef typename internal::Function::ArgumentTuple ArgumentTuple; - - MockSpec& With(const Matcher& m1, const Matcher& m2, - const Matcher& m3, const Matcher& m4) { - this->current_spec().SetMatchers(::testing::make_tuple(m1, m2, m3, m4)); - return this->current_spec(); - } - - R Invoke(A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4) { - // Even though gcc and MSVC don't enforce it, 'this->' is required - // by the C++ standard [14.6.4] here, as the base class type is - // dependent on the template argument (and thus shouldn't be - // looked into when resolving InvokeWith). - return this->InvokeWith(ArgumentTuple(a1, a2, a3, a4)); - } -}; - -template -class FunctionMocker : public - internal::FunctionMockerBase { - public: - typedef R F(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5); - typedef typename internal::Function::ArgumentTuple ArgumentTuple; - - MockSpec& With(const Matcher& m1, const Matcher& m2, - const Matcher& m3, const Matcher& m4, const Matcher& m5) { - this->current_spec().SetMatchers(::testing::make_tuple(m1, m2, m3, m4, m5)); - return this->current_spec(); - } - - R Invoke(A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5) { - // Even though gcc and MSVC don't enforce it, 'this->' is required - // by the C++ standard [14.6.4] here, as the base class type is - // dependent on the template argument (and thus shouldn't be - // looked into when resolving InvokeWith). - return this->InvokeWith(ArgumentTuple(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5)); - } -}; - -template -class FunctionMocker : public - internal::FunctionMockerBase { - public: - typedef R F(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6); - typedef typename internal::Function::ArgumentTuple ArgumentTuple; - - MockSpec& With(const Matcher& m1, const Matcher& m2, - const Matcher& m3, const Matcher& m4, const Matcher& m5, - const Matcher& m6) { - this->current_spec().SetMatchers(::testing::make_tuple(m1, m2, m3, m4, m5, - m6)); - return this->current_spec(); - } - - R Invoke(A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5, A6 a6) { - // Even though gcc and MSVC don't enforce it, 'this->' is required - // by the C++ standard [14.6.4] here, as the base class type is - // dependent on the template argument (and thus shouldn't be - // looked into when resolving InvokeWith). - return this->InvokeWith(ArgumentTuple(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6)); - } -}; - -template -class FunctionMocker : public - internal::FunctionMockerBase { - public: - typedef R F(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7); - typedef typename internal::Function::ArgumentTuple ArgumentTuple; - - MockSpec& With(const Matcher& m1, const Matcher& m2, - const Matcher& m3, const Matcher& m4, const Matcher& m5, - const Matcher& m6, const Matcher& m7) { - this->current_spec().SetMatchers(::testing::make_tuple(m1, m2, m3, m4, m5, - m6, m7)); - return this->current_spec(); - } - - R Invoke(A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5, A6 a6, A7 a7) { - // Even though gcc and MSVC don't enforce it, 'this->' is required - // by the C++ standard [14.6.4] here, as the base class type is - // dependent on the template argument (and thus shouldn't be - // looked into when resolving InvokeWith). - return this->InvokeWith(ArgumentTuple(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7)); - } -}; - -template -class FunctionMocker : public - internal::FunctionMockerBase { - public: - typedef R F(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8); - typedef typename internal::Function::ArgumentTuple ArgumentTuple; - - MockSpec& With(const Matcher& m1, const Matcher& m2, - const Matcher& m3, const Matcher& m4, const Matcher& m5, - const Matcher& m6, const Matcher& m7, const Matcher& m8) { - this->current_spec().SetMatchers(::testing::make_tuple(m1, m2, m3, m4, m5, - m6, m7, m8)); - return this->current_spec(); - } - - R Invoke(A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5, A6 a6, A7 a7, A8 a8) { - // Even though gcc and MSVC don't enforce it, 'this->' is required - // by the C++ standard [14.6.4] here, as the base class type is - // dependent on the template argument (and thus shouldn't be - // looked into when resolving InvokeWith). - return this->InvokeWith(ArgumentTuple(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8)); - } -}; - -template -class FunctionMocker : public - internal::FunctionMockerBase { - public: - typedef R F(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9); - typedef typename internal::Function::ArgumentTuple ArgumentTuple; - - MockSpec& With(const Matcher& m1, const Matcher& m2, - const Matcher& m3, const Matcher& m4, const Matcher& m5, - const Matcher& m6, const Matcher& m7, const Matcher& m8, - const Matcher& m9) { - this->current_spec().SetMatchers(::testing::make_tuple(m1, m2, m3, m4, m5, - m6, m7, m8, m9)); - return this->current_spec(); - } - - R Invoke(A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5, A6 a6, A7 a7, A8 a8, A9 a9) { - // Even though gcc and MSVC don't enforce it, 'this->' is required - // by the C++ standard [14.6.4] here, as the base class type is - // dependent on the template argument (and thus shouldn't be - // looked into when resolving InvokeWith). - return this->InvokeWith(ArgumentTuple(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, a9)); - } -}; - -template -class FunctionMocker : public - internal::FunctionMockerBase { - public: - typedef R F(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9, A10); - typedef typename internal::Function::ArgumentTuple ArgumentTuple; - - MockSpec& With(const Matcher& m1, const Matcher& m2, - const Matcher& m3, const Matcher& m4, const Matcher& m5, - const Matcher& m6, const Matcher& m7, const Matcher& m8, - const Matcher& m9, const Matcher& m10) { - this->current_spec().SetMatchers(::testing::make_tuple(m1, m2, m3, m4, m5, - m6, m7, m8, m9, m10)); - return this->current_spec(); - } - - R Invoke(A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5, A6 a6, A7 a7, A8 a8, A9 a9, - A10 a10) { - // Even though gcc and MSVC don't enforce it, 'this->' is required - // by the C++ standard [14.6.4] here, as the base class type is - // dependent on the template argument (and thus shouldn't be - // looked into when resolving InvokeWith). - return this->InvokeWith(ArgumentTuple(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, a9, - a10)); - } -}; +// Removes const from and returns the given pointer; this is a helper for the +// expectation setter method for parameterless matchers. +template +MockType* AdjustConstness_(const MockType* mock) { + return const_cast(mock); +} } // namespace internal @@ -340,7 +121,7 @@ using internal::FunctionMocker; // The type of argument N of the given function type. // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!! #define GMOCK_ARG_(tn, N, ...) \ - tn ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::Argument##N + tn ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::template Arg::type // The matcher type for argument N of the given function type. // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!! @@ -354,78 +135,101 @@ using internal::FunctionMocker; // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!! #define GMOCK_METHOD0_(tn, constness, ct, Method, ...) \ + static_assert(0 == \ + ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::ArgumentCount, \ + "MOCK_METHOD must match argument count.");\ GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, __VA_ARGS__) ct Method( \ ) constness { \ - GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_((::testing::tuple_size< \ - tn ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::ArgumentTuple>::value \ - == 0), \ - this_method_does_not_take_0_arguments); \ GMOCK_MOCKER_(0, constness, Method).SetOwnerAndName(this, #Method); \ return GMOCK_MOCKER_(0, constness, Method).Invoke(); \ } \ - ::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__>& \ + ::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__> \ gmock_##Method() constness { \ GMOCK_MOCKER_(0, constness, Method).RegisterOwner(this); \ return GMOCK_MOCKER_(0, constness, Method).With(); \ } \ + ::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__> gmock_##Method( \ + const ::testing::internal::WithoutMatchers&, \ + constness ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>* ) const { \ + return ::testing::internal::AdjustConstness_##constness(this)-> \ + gmock_##Method(); \ + } \ mutable ::testing::FunctionMocker<__VA_ARGS__> GMOCK_MOCKER_(0, constness, \ Method) // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!! #define GMOCK_METHOD1_(tn, constness, ct, Method, ...) \ + static_assert(1 == \ + ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::ArgumentCount, \ + "MOCK_METHOD must match argument count.");\ GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, __VA_ARGS__) ct Method( \ GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1) constness { \ - GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_((::testing::tuple_size< \ - tn ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::ArgumentTuple>::value \ - == 1), \ - this_method_does_not_take_1_argument); \ GMOCK_MOCKER_(1, constness, Method).SetOwnerAndName(this, #Method); \ - return GMOCK_MOCKER_(1, constness, Method).Invoke(gmock_a1); \ + return GMOCK_MOCKER_(1, constness, \ + Method).Invoke(::std::forward(gmock_a1)); \ } \ - ::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__>& \ + ::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__> \ gmock_##Method(GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1) constness { \ GMOCK_MOCKER_(1, constness, Method).RegisterOwner(this); \ return GMOCK_MOCKER_(1, constness, Method).With(gmock_a1); \ } \ + ::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__> gmock_##Method( \ + const ::testing::internal::WithoutMatchers&, \ + constness ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>* ) const { \ + return ::testing::internal::AdjustConstness_##constness(this)-> \ + gmock_##Method(::testing::A()); \ + } \ mutable ::testing::FunctionMocker<__VA_ARGS__> GMOCK_MOCKER_(1, constness, \ Method) // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!! #define GMOCK_METHOD2_(tn, constness, ct, Method, ...) \ + static_assert(2 == \ + ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::ArgumentCount, \ + "MOCK_METHOD must match argument count.");\ GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, __VA_ARGS__) ct Method( \ - GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, \ - GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2) constness { \ - GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_((::testing::tuple_size< \ - tn ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::ArgumentTuple>::value \ - == 2), \ - this_method_does_not_take_2_arguments); \ + GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 2, \ + __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2) constness { \ GMOCK_MOCKER_(2, constness, Method).SetOwnerAndName(this, #Method); \ - return GMOCK_MOCKER_(2, constness, Method).Invoke(gmock_a1, gmock_a2); \ + return GMOCK_MOCKER_(2, constness, \ + Method).Invoke(::std::forward(gmock_a1), \ + ::std::forward(gmock_a2)); \ } \ - ::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__>& \ + ::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__> \ gmock_##Method(GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, \ GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2) constness { \ GMOCK_MOCKER_(2, constness, Method).RegisterOwner(this); \ return GMOCK_MOCKER_(2, constness, Method).With(gmock_a1, gmock_a2); \ } \ + ::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__> gmock_##Method( \ + const ::testing::internal::WithoutMatchers&, \ + constness ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>* ) const { \ + return ::testing::internal::AdjustConstness_##constness(this)-> \ + gmock_##Method(::testing::A(), \ + ::testing::A()); \ + } \ mutable ::testing::FunctionMocker<__VA_ARGS__> GMOCK_MOCKER_(2, constness, \ Method) // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!! #define GMOCK_METHOD3_(tn, constness, ct, Method, ...) \ + static_assert(3 == \ + ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::ArgumentCount, \ + "MOCK_METHOD must match argument count.");\ GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, __VA_ARGS__) ct Method( \ - GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, \ - GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2, \ - GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a3) constness { \ - GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_((::testing::tuple_size< \ - tn ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::ArgumentTuple>::value \ - == 3), \ - this_method_does_not_take_3_arguments); \ + GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 2, \ + __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 3, \ + __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a3) constness { \ GMOCK_MOCKER_(3, constness, Method).SetOwnerAndName(this, #Method); \ - return GMOCK_MOCKER_(3, constness, Method).Invoke(gmock_a1, gmock_a2, \ - gmock_a3); \ + return GMOCK_MOCKER_(3, constness, \ + Method).Invoke(::std::forward(gmock_a1), \ + ::std::forward(gmock_a2), \ + ::std::forward(gmock_a3)); \ } \ - ::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__>& \ + ::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__> \ gmock_##Method(GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, \ GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2, \ GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a3) constness { \ @@ -433,25 +237,35 @@ using internal::FunctionMocker; return GMOCK_MOCKER_(3, constness, Method).With(gmock_a1, gmock_a2, \ gmock_a3); \ } \ + ::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__> gmock_##Method( \ + const ::testing::internal::WithoutMatchers&, \ + constness ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>* ) const { \ + return ::testing::internal::AdjustConstness_##constness(this)-> \ + gmock_##Method(::testing::A(), \ + ::testing::A(), \ + ::testing::A()); \ + } \ mutable ::testing::FunctionMocker<__VA_ARGS__> GMOCK_MOCKER_(3, constness, \ Method) // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!! #define GMOCK_METHOD4_(tn, constness, ct, Method, ...) \ + static_assert(4 == \ + ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::ArgumentCount, \ + "MOCK_METHOD must match argument count.");\ GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, __VA_ARGS__) ct Method( \ - GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, \ - GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2, \ - GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a3, \ - GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 4, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a4) constness { \ - GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_((::testing::tuple_size< \ - tn ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::ArgumentTuple>::value \ - == 4), \ - this_method_does_not_take_4_arguments); \ + GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 2, \ + __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a3, \ + GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 4, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a4) constness { \ GMOCK_MOCKER_(4, constness, Method).SetOwnerAndName(this, #Method); \ - return GMOCK_MOCKER_(4, constness, Method).Invoke(gmock_a1, gmock_a2, \ - gmock_a3, gmock_a4); \ + return GMOCK_MOCKER_(4, constness, \ + Method).Invoke(::std::forward(gmock_a1), \ + ::std::forward(gmock_a2), \ + ::std::forward(gmock_a3), \ + ::std::forward(gmock_a4)); \ } \ - ::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__>& \ + ::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__> \ gmock_##Method(GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, \ GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2, \ GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a3, \ @@ -460,26 +274,38 @@ using internal::FunctionMocker; return GMOCK_MOCKER_(4, constness, Method).With(gmock_a1, gmock_a2, \ gmock_a3, gmock_a4); \ } \ + ::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__> gmock_##Method( \ + const ::testing::internal::WithoutMatchers&, \ + constness ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>* ) const { \ + return ::testing::internal::AdjustConstness_##constness(this)-> \ + gmock_##Method(::testing::A(), \ + ::testing::A(), \ + ::testing::A(), \ + ::testing::A()); \ + } \ mutable ::testing::FunctionMocker<__VA_ARGS__> GMOCK_MOCKER_(4, constness, \ Method) // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!! #define GMOCK_METHOD5_(tn, constness, ct, Method, ...) \ + static_assert(5 == \ + ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::ArgumentCount, \ + "MOCK_METHOD must match argument count.");\ GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, __VA_ARGS__) ct Method( \ - GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, \ - GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2, \ - GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a3, \ - GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 4, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a4, \ - GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 5, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a5) constness { \ - GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_((::testing::tuple_size< \ - tn ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::ArgumentTuple>::value \ - == 5), \ - this_method_does_not_take_5_arguments); \ + GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 2, \ + __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a3, \ + GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 4, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a4, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 5, \ + __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a5) constness { \ GMOCK_MOCKER_(5, constness, Method).SetOwnerAndName(this, #Method); \ - return GMOCK_MOCKER_(5, constness, Method).Invoke(gmock_a1, gmock_a2, \ - gmock_a3, gmock_a4, gmock_a5); \ + return GMOCK_MOCKER_(5, constness, \ + Method).Invoke(::std::forward(gmock_a1), \ + ::std::forward(gmock_a2), \ + ::std::forward(gmock_a3), \ + ::std::forward(gmock_a4), \ + ::std::forward(gmock_a5)); \ } \ - ::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__>& \ + ::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__> \ gmock_##Method(GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, \ GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2, \ GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a3, \ @@ -489,27 +315,41 @@ using internal::FunctionMocker; return GMOCK_MOCKER_(5, constness, Method).With(gmock_a1, gmock_a2, \ gmock_a3, gmock_a4, gmock_a5); \ } \ + ::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__> gmock_##Method( \ + const ::testing::internal::WithoutMatchers&, \ + constness ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>* ) const { \ + return ::testing::internal::AdjustConstness_##constness(this)-> \ + gmock_##Method(::testing::A(), \ + ::testing::A(), \ + ::testing::A(), \ + ::testing::A(), \ + ::testing::A()); \ + } \ mutable ::testing::FunctionMocker<__VA_ARGS__> GMOCK_MOCKER_(5, constness, \ Method) // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!! #define GMOCK_METHOD6_(tn, constness, ct, Method, ...) \ + static_assert(6 == \ + ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::ArgumentCount, \ + "MOCK_METHOD must match argument count.");\ GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, __VA_ARGS__) ct Method( \ - GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, \ - GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2, \ - GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a3, \ - GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 4, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a4, \ - GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 5, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a5, \ - GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 6, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a6) constness { \ - GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_((::testing::tuple_size< \ - tn ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::ArgumentTuple>::value \ - == 6), \ - this_method_does_not_take_6_arguments); \ + GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 2, \ + __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a3, \ + GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 4, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a4, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 5, \ + __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a5, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 6, \ + __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a6) constness { \ GMOCK_MOCKER_(6, constness, Method).SetOwnerAndName(this, #Method); \ - return GMOCK_MOCKER_(6, constness, Method).Invoke(gmock_a1, gmock_a2, \ - gmock_a3, gmock_a4, gmock_a5, gmock_a6); \ + return GMOCK_MOCKER_(6, constness, \ + Method).Invoke(::std::forward(gmock_a1), \ + ::std::forward(gmock_a2), \ + ::std::forward(gmock_a3), \ + ::std::forward(gmock_a4), \ + ::std::forward(gmock_a5), \ + ::std::forward(gmock_a6)); \ } \ - ::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__>& \ + ::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__> \ gmock_##Method(GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, \ GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2, \ GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a3, \ @@ -520,28 +360,43 @@ using internal::FunctionMocker; return GMOCK_MOCKER_(6, constness, Method).With(gmock_a1, gmock_a2, \ gmock_a3, gmock_a4, gmock_a5, gmock_a6); \ } \ + ::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__> gmock_##Method( \ + const ::testing::internal::WithoutMatchers&, \ + constness ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>* ) const { \ + return ::testing::internal::AdjustConstness_##constness(this)-> \ + gmock_##Method(::testing::A(), \ + ::testing::A(), \ + ::testing::A(), \ + ::testing::A(), \ + ::testing::A(), \ + ::testing::A()); \ + } \ mutable ::testing::FunctionMocker<__VA_ARGS__> GMOCK_MOCKER_(6, constness, \ Method) // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!! #define GMOCK_METHOD7_(tn, constness, ct, Method, ...) \ + static_assert(7 == \ + ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::ArgumentCount, \ + "MOCK_METHOD must match argument count.");\ GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, __VA_ARGS__) ct Method( \ - GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, \ - GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2, \ - GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a3, \ - GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 4, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a4, \ - GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 5, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a5, \ - GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 6, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a6, \ - GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 7, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a7) constness { \ - GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_((::testing::tuple_size< \ - tn ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::ArgumentTuple>::value \ - == 7), \ - this_method_does_not_take_7_arguments); \ + GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 2, \ + __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a3, \ + GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 4, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a4, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 5, \ + __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a5, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 6, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a6, \ + GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 7, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a7) constness { \ GMOCK_MOCKER_(7, constness, Method).SetOwnerAndName(this, #Method); \ - return GMOCK_MOCKER_(7, constness, Method).Invoke(gmock_a1, gmock_a2, \ - gmock_a3, gmock_a4, gmock_a5, gmock_a6, gmock_a7); \ + return GMOCK_MOCKER_(7, constness, \ + Method).Invoke(::std::forward(gmock_a1), \ + ::std::forward(gmock_a2), \ + ::std::forward(gmock_a3), \ + ::std::forward(gmock_a4), \ + ::std::forward(gmock_a5), \ + ::std::forward(gmock_a6), \ + ::std::forward(gmock_a7)); \ } \ - ::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__>& \ + ::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__> \ gmock_##Method(GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, \ GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2, \ GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a3, \ @@ -553,29 +408,46 @@ using internal::FunctionMocker; return GMOCK_MOCKER_(7, constness, Method).With(gmock_a1, gmock_a2, \ gmock_a3, gmock_a4, gmock_a5, gmock_a6, gmock_a7); \ } \ + ::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__> gmock_##Method( \ + const ::testing::internal::WithoutMatchers&, \ + constness ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>* ) const { \ + return ::testing::internal::AdjustConstness_##constness(this)-> \ + gmock_##Method(::testing::A(), \ + ::testing::A(), \ + ::testing::A(), \ + ::testing::A(), \ + ::testing::A(), \ + ::testing::A(), \ + ::testing::A()); \ + } \ mutable ::testing::FunctionMocker<__VA_ARGS__> GMOCK_MOCKER_(7, constness, \ Method) // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!! #define GMOCK_METHOD8_(tn, constness, ct, Method, ...) \ + static_assert(8 == \ + ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::ArgumentCount, \ + "MOCK_METHOD must match argument count.");\ GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, __VA_ARGS__) ct Method( \ - GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, \ - GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2, \ - GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a3, \ - GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 4, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a4, \ - GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 5, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a5, \ - GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 6, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a6, \ - GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 7, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a7, \ - GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 8, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a8) constness { \ - GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_((::testing::tuple_size< \ - tn ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::ArgumentTuple>::value \ - == 8), \ - this_method_does_not_take_8_arguments); \ + GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 2, \ + __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a3, \ + GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 4, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a4, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 5, \ + __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a5, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 6, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a6, \ + GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 7, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a7, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 8, \ + __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a8) constness { \ GMOCK_MOCKER_(8, constness, Method).SetOwnerAndName(this, #Method); \ - return GMOCK_MOCKER_(8, constness, Method).Invoke(gmock_a1, gmock_a2, \ - gmock_a3, gmock_a4, gmock_a5, gmock_a6, gmock_a7, gmock_a8); \ + return GMOCK_MOCKER_(8, constness, \ + Method).Invoke(::std::forward(gmock_a1), \ + ::std::forward(gmock_a2), \ + ::std::forward(gmock_a3), \ + ::std::forward(gmock_a4), \ + ::std::forward(gmock_a5), \ + ::std::forward(gmock_a6), \ + ::std::forward(gmock_a7), \ + ::std::forward(gmock_a8)); \ } \ - ::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__>& \ + ::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__> \ gmock_##Method(GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, \ GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2, \ GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a3, \ @@ -588,31 +460,49 @@ using internal::FunctionMocker; return GMOCK_MOCKER_(8, constness, Method).With(gmock_a1, gmock_a2, \ gmock_a3, gmock_a4, gmock_a5, gmock_a6, gmock_a7, gmock_a8); \ } \ + ::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__> gmock_##Method( \ + const ::testing::internal::WithoutMatchers&, \ + constness ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>* ) const { \ + return ::testing::internal::AdjustConstness_##constness(this)-> \ + gmock_##Method(::testing::A(), \ + ::testing::A(), \ + ::testing::A(), \ + ::testing::A(), \ + ::testing::A(), \ + ::testing::A(), \ + ::testing::A(), \ + ::testing::A()); \ + } \ mutable ::testing::FunctionMocker<__VA_ARGS__> GMOCK_MOCKER_(8, constness, \ Method) // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!! #define GMOCK_METHOD9_(tn, constness, ct, Method, ...) \ + static_assert(9 == \ + ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::ArgumentCount, \ + "MOCK_METHOD must match argument count.");\ GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, __VA_ARGS__) ct Method( \ - GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, \ - GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2, \ - GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a3, \ - GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 4, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a4, \ - GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 5, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a5, \ - GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 6, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a6, \ - GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 7, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a7, \ - GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 8, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a8, \ - GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 9, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a9) constness { \ - GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_((::testing::tuple_size< \ - tn ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::ArgumentTuple>::value \ - == 9), \ - this_method_does_not_take_9_arguments); \ + GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 2, \ + __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a3, \ + GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 4, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a4, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 5, \ + __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a5, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 6, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a6, \ + GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 7, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a7, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 8, \ + __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a8, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 9, \ + __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a9) constness { \ GMOCK_MOCKER_(9, constness, Method).SetOwnerAndName(this, #Method); \ - return GMOCK_MOCKER_(9, constness, Method).Invoke(gmock_a1, gmock_a2, \ - gmock_a3, gmock_a4, gmock_a5, gmock_a6, gmock_a7, gmock_a8, \ - gmock_a9); \ + return GMOCK_MOCKER_(9, constness, \ + Method).Invoke(::std::forward(gmock_a1), \ + ::std::forward(gmock_a2), \ + ::std::forward(gmock_a3), \ + ::std::forward(gmock_a4), \ + ::std::forward(gmock_a5), \ + ::std::forward(gmock_a6), \ + ::std::forward(gmock_a7), \ + ::std::forward(gmock_a8), \ + ::std::forward(gmock_a9)); \ } \ - ::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__>& \ + ::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__> \ gmock_##Method(GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, \ GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2, \ GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a3, \ @@ -627,32 +517,51 @@ using internal::FunctionMocker; gmock_a3, gmock_a4, gmock_a5, gmock_a6, gmock_a7, gmock_a8, \ gmock_a9); \ } \ + ::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__> gmock_##Method( \ + const ::testing::internal::WithoutMatchers&, \ + constness ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>* ) const { \ + return ::testing::internal::AdjustConstness_##constness(this)-> \ + gmock_##Method(::testing::A(), \ + ::testing::A(), \ + ::testing::A(), \ + ::testing::A(), \ + ::testing::A(), \ + ::testing::A(), \ + ::testing::A(), \ + ::testing::A(), \ + ::testing::A()); \ + } \ mutable ::testing::FunctionMocker<__VA_ARGS__> GMOCK_MOCKER_(9, constness, \ Method) // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!! #define GMOCK_METHOD10_(tn, constness, ct, Method, ...) \ + static_assert(10 == \ + ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::ArgumentCount, \ + "MOCK_METHOD must match argument count.");\ GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, __VA_ARGS__) ct Method( \ - GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, \ - GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2, \ - GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a3, \ - GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 4, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a4, \ - GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 5, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a5, \ - GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 6, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a6, \ - GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 7, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a7, \ - GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 8, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a8, \ - GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 9, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a9, \ - GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 10, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a10) constness { \ - GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_((::testing::tuple_size< \ - tn ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::ArgumentTuple>::value \ - == 10), \ - this_method_does_not_take_10_arguments); \ + GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 2, \ + __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a3, \ + GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 4, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a4, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 5, \ + __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a5, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 6, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a6, \ + GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 7, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a7, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 8, \ + __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a8, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 9, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a9, \ + GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 10, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a10) constness { \ GMOCK_MOCKER_(10, constness, Method).SetOwnerAndName(this, #Method); \ - return GMOCK_MOCKER_(10, constness, Method).Invoke(gmock_a1, gmock_a2, \ - gmock_a3, gmock_a4, gmock_a5, gmock_a6, gmock_a7, gmock_a8, gmock_a9, \ - gmock_a10); \ + return GMOCK_MOCKER_(10, constness, \ + Method).Invoke(::std::forward(gmock_a1), \ + ::std::forward(gmock_a2), \ + ::std::forward(gmock_a3), \ + ::std::forward(gmock_a4), \ + ::std::forward(gmock_a5), \ + ::std::forward(gmock_a6), \ + ::std::forward(gmock_a7), \ + ::std::forward(gmock_a8), \ + ::std::forward(gmock_a9), \ + ::std::forward(gmock_a10)); \ } \ - ::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__>& \ + ::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__> \ gmock_##Method(GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, \ GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2, \ GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a3, \ @@ -669,6 +578,21 @@ using internal::FunctionMocker; gmock_a3, gmock_a4, gmock_a5, gmock_a6, gmock_a7, gmock_a8, gmock_a9, \ gmock_a10); \ } \ + ::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__> gmock_##Method( \ + const ::testing::internal::WithoutMatchers&, \ + constness ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>* ) const { \ + return ::testing::internal::AdjustConstness_##constness(this)-> \ + gmock_##Method(::testing::A(), \ + ::testing::A(), \ + ::testing::A(), \ + ::testing::A(), \ + ::testing::A(), \ + ::testing::A(), \ + ::testing::A(), \ + ::testing::A(), \ + ::testing::A(), \ + ::testing::A()); \ + } \ mutable ::testing::FunctionMocker<__VA_ARGS__> GMOCK_MOCKER_(10, constness, \ Method) @@ -823,273 +747,6 @@ using internal::FunctionMocker; #define MOCK_CONST_METHOD10_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \ GMOCK_METHOD10_(typename, const, ct, m, __VA_ARGS__) -// A MockFunction class has one mock method whose type is F. It is -// useful when you just want your test code to emit some messages and -// have Google Mock verify the right messages are sent (and perhaps at -// the right times). For example, if you are exercising code: -// -// Foo(1); -// Foo(2); -// Foo(3); -// -// and want to verify that Foo(1) and Foo(3) both invoke -// mock.Bar("a"), but Foo(2) doesn't invoke anything, you can write: -// -// TEST(FooTest, InvokesBarCorrectly) { -// MyMock mock; -// MockFunction check; -// { -// InSequence s; -// -// EXPECT_CALL(mock, Bar("a")); -// EXPECT_CALL(check, Call("1")); -// EXPECT_CALL(check, Call("2")); -// EXPECT_CALL(mock, Bar("a")); -// } -// Foo(1); -// check.Call("1"); -// Foo(2); -// check.Call("2"); -// Foo(3); -// } -// -// The expectation spec says that the first Bar("a") must happen -// before check point "1", the second Bar("a") must happen after check -// point "2", and nothing should happen between the two check -// points. The explicit check points make it easy to tell which -// Bar("a") is called by which call to Foo(). -// -// MockFunction can also be used to exercise code that accepts -// std::function callbacks. To do so, use AsStdFunction() method -// to create std::function proxy forwarding to original object's Call. -// Example: -// -// TEST(FooTest, RunsCallbackWithBarArgument) { -// MockFunction callback; -// EXPECT_CALL(callback, Call("bar")).WillOnce(Return(1)); -// Foo(callback.AsStdFunction()); -// } -template -class MockFunction; - -template -class MockFunction { - public: - MockFunction() {} - - MOCK_METHOD0_T(Call, R()); - -#if GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_ - std::function AsStdFunction() { - return [this]() -> R { - return this->Call(); - }; - } -#endif // GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_ - - private: - GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(MockFunction); -}; - -template -class MockFunction { - public: - MockFunction() {} - - MOCK_METHOD1_T(Call, R(A0)); - -#if GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_ - std::function AsStdFunction() { - return [this](A0 a0) -> R { - return this->Call(a0); - }; - } -#endif // GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_ - - private: - GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(MockFunction); -}; - -template -class MockFunction { - public: - MockFunction() {} - - MOCK_METHOD2_T(Call, R(A0, A1)); - -#if GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_ - std::function AsStdFunction() { - return [this](A0 a0, A1 a1) -> R { - return this->Call(a0, a1); - }; - } -#endif // GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_ - - private: - GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(MockFunction); -}; - -template -class MockFunction { - public: - MockFunction() {} - - MOCK_METHOD3_T(Call, R(A0, A1, A2)); - -#if GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_ - std::function AsStdFunction() { - return [this](A0 a0, A1 a1, A2 a2) -> R { - return this->Call(a0, a1, a2); - }; - } -#endif // GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_ - - private: - GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(MockFunction); -}; - -template -class MockFunction { - public: - MockFunction() {} - - MOCK_METHOD4_T(Call, R(A0, A1, A2, A3)); - -#if GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_ - std::function AsStdFunction() { - return [this](A0 a0, A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3) -> R { - return this->Call(a0, a1, a2, a3); - }; - } -#endif // GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_ - - private: - GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(MockFunction); -}; - -template -class MockFunction { - public: - MockFunction() {} - - MOCK_METHOD5_T(Call, R(A0, A1, A2, A3, A4)); - -#if GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_ - std::function AsStdFunction() { - return [this](A0 a0, A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4) -> R { - return this->Call(a0, a1, a2, a3, a4); - }; - } -#endif // GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_ - - private: - GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(MockFunction); -}; - -template -class MockFunction { - public: - MockFunction() {} - - MOCK_METHOD6_T(Call, R(A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5)); - -#if GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_ - std::function AsStdFunction() { - return [this](A0 a0, A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5) -> R { - return this->Call(a0, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5); - }; - } -#endif // GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_ - - private: - GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(MockFunction); -}; - -template -class MockFunction { - public: - MockFunction() {} - - MOCK_METHOD7_T(Call, R(A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6)); - -#if GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_ - std::function AsStdFunction() { - return [this](A0 a0, A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5, A6 a6) -> R { - return this->Call(a0, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6); - }; - } -#endif // GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_ - - private: - GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(MockFunction); -}; - -template -class MockFunction { - public: - MockFunction() {} - - MOCK_METHOD8_T(Call, R(A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7)); - -#if GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_ - std::function AsStdFunction() { - return [this](A0 a0, A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5, A6 a6, A7 a7) -> R { - return this->Call(a0, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7); - }; - } -#endif // GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_ - - private: - GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(MockFunction); -}; - -template -class MockFunction { - public: - MockFunction() {} - - MOCK_METHOD9_T(Call, R(A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8)); - -#if GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_ - std::function AsStdFunction() { - return [this](A0 a0, A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5, A6 a6, A7 a7, - A8 a8) -> R { - return this->Call(a0, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8); - }; - } -#endif // GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_ - - private: - GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(MockFunction); -}; - -template -class MockFunction { - public: - MockFunction() {} - - MOCK_METHOD10_T(Call, R(A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9)); - -#if GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_ - std::function AsStdFunction() { - return [this](A0 a0, A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5, A6 a6, A7 a7, - A8 a8, A9 a9) -> R { - return this->Call(a0, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, a9); - }; - } -#endif // GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_ - - private: - GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(MockFunction); -}; - } // namespace testing #endif // GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_GENERATED_FUNCTION_MOCKERS_H_ diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-function-mockers.h.pump b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-function-mockers.h.pump index 811502d..a56e132 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-function-mockers.h.pump +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-function-mockers.h.pump @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ $$ -*- mode: c++; -*- -$$ This is a Pump source file. Please use Pump to convert it to -$$ gmock-generated-function-mockers.h. +$$ This is a Pump source file. Please use Pump to convert +$$ it to gmock-generated-function-mockers.h. $$ $var n = 10 $$ The maximum arity we support. // Copyright 2007, Google Inc. @@ -31,74 +31,79 @@ $var n = 10 $$ The maximum arity we support. // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. -// -// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan) + // Google Mock - a framework for writing C++ mock classes. // // This file implements function mockers of various arities. +// GOOGLETEST_CM0002 DO NOT DELETE + #ifndef GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_GENERATED_FUNCTION_MOCKERS_H_ #define GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_GENERATED_FUNCTION_MOCKERS_H_ +#include +#include + #include "gmock/gmock-spec-builders.h" #include "gmock/internal/gmock-internal-utils.h" -#if GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_ -# include -#endif - namespace testing { namespace internal { -template -class FunctionMockerBase; - -// Note: class FunctionMocker really belongs to the ::testing -// namespace. However if we define it in ::testing, MSVC will -// complain when classes in ::testing::internal declare it as a -// friend class template. To workaround this compiler bug, we define -// FunctionMocker in ::testing::internal and import it into ::testing. -template -class FunctionMocker; - - $range i 0..n -$for i [[ -$range j 1..i -$var typename_As = [[$for j [[, typename A$j]]]] -$var As = [[$for j, [[A$j]]]] -$var as = [[$for j, [[a$j]]]] -$var Aas = [[$for j, [[A$j a$j]]]] -$var ms = [[$for j, [[m$j]]]] -$var matchers = [[$for j, [[const Matcher& m$j]]]] -template -class FunctionMocker : public - internal::FunctionMockerBase { - public: - typedef R F($As); - typedef typename internal::Function::ArgumentTuple ArgumentTuple; +// Removes the given pointer; this is a helper for the expectation setter method +// for parameterless matchers. +// +// We want to make sure that the user cannot set a parameterless expectation on +// overloaded methods, including methods which are overloaded on const. Example: +// +// class MockClass { +// MOCK_METHOD0(GetName, string&()); +// MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(GetName, const string&()); +// }; +// +// TEST() { +// // This should be an error, as it's not clear which overload is expected. +// EXPECT_CALL(mock, GetName).WillOnce(ReturnRef(value)); +// } +// +// Here are the generated expectation-setter methods: +// +// class MockClass { +// // Overload 1 +// MockSpec gmock_GetName() { ... } +// // Overload 2. Declared const so that the compiler will generate an +// // error when trying to resolve between this and overload 4 in +// // 'gmock_GetName(WithoutMatchers(), nullptr)'. +// MockSpec gmock_GetName( +// const WithoutMatchers&, const Function*) const { +// // Removes const from this, calls overload 1 +// return AdjustConstness_(this)->gmock_GetName(); +// } +// +// // Overload 3 +// const string& gmock_GetName() const { ... } +// // Overload 4 +// MockSpec gmock_GetName( +// const WithoutMatchers&, const Function*) const { +// // Does not remove const, calls overload 3 +// return AdjustConstness_const(this)->gmock_GetName(); +// } +// } +// +template +const MockType* AdjustConstness_const(const MockType* mock) { + return mock; +} - MockSpec& With($matchers) { +// Removes const from and returns the given pointer; this is a helper for the +// expectation setter method for parameterless matchers. +template +MockType* AdjustConstness_(const MockType* mock) { + return const_cast(mock); +} -$if i >= 1 [[ - this->current_spec().SetMatchers(::testing::make_tuple($ms)); - -]] - return this->current_spec(); - } - - R Invoke($Aas) { - // Even though gcc and MSVC don't enforce it, 'this->' is required - // by the C++ standard [14.6.4] here, as the base class type is - // dependent on the template argument (and thus shouldn't be - // looked into when resolving InvokeWith). - return this->InvokeWith(ArgumentTuple($as)); - } -}; - - -]] } // namespace internal // The style guide prohibits "using" statements in a namespace scope @@ -119,7 +124,7 @@ using internal::FunctionMocker; // The type of argument N of the given function type. // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!! #define GMOCK_ARG_(tn, N, ...) \ - tn ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::Argument##N + tn ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::template Arg::type // The matcher type for argument N of the given function type. // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!! @@ -134,26 +139,33 @@ using internal::FunctionMocker; $for i [[ $range j 1..i -$var arg_as = [[$for j, \ - [[GMOCK_ARG_(tn, $j, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a$j]]]] -$var as = [[$for j, [[gmock_a$j]]]] -$var matcher_as = [[$for j, \ +$var arg_as = [[$for j, [[GMOCK_ARG_(tn, $j, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a$j]]]] +$var as = [[$for j, \ + [[::std::forward(gmock_a$j)]]]] +$var matcher_arg_as = [[$for j, \ [[GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, $j, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a$j]]]] +$var matcher_as = [[$for j, [[gmock_a$j]]]] +$var anything_matchers = [[$for j, \ + [[::testing::A()]]]] // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!! #define GMOCK_METHOD$i[[]]_(tn, constness, ct, Method, ...) \ + static_assert($i == ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::ArgumentCount, "MOCK_METHOD must match argument count.");\ GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, __VA_ARGS__) ct Method( \ $arg_as) constness { \ - GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_((::testing::tuple_size< \ - tn ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::ArgumentTuple>::value == $i), \ - this_method_does_not_take_$i[[]]_argument[[$if i != 1 [[s]]]]); \ GMOCK_MOCKER_($i, constness, Method).SetOwnerAndName(this, #Method); \ return GMOCK_MOCKER_($i, constness, Method).Invoke($as); \ } \ - ::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__>& \ - gmock_##Method($matcher_as) constness { \ + ::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__> \ + gmock_##Method($matcher_arg_as) constness { \ GMOCK_MOCKER_($i, constness, Method).RegisterOwner(this); \ - return GMOCK_MOCKER_($i, constness, Method).With($as); \ + return GMOCK_MOCKER_($i, constness, Method).With($matcher_as); \ } \ + ::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__> gmock_##Method( \ + const ::testing::internal::WithoutMatchers&, \ + constness ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>* ) const { \ + return ::testing::internal::AdjustConstness_##constness(this)-> \ + gmock_##Method($anything_matchers); \ + } \ mutable ::testing::FunctionMocker<__VA_ARGS__> GMOCK_MOCKER_($i, constness, Method) @@ -210,82 +222,6 @@ $for i [[ ]] -// A MockFunction class has one mock method whose type is F. It is -// useful when you just want your test code to emit some messages and -// have Google Mock verify the right messages are sent (and perhaps at -// the right times). For example, if you are exercising code: -// -// Foo(1); -// Foo(2); -// Foo(3); -// -// and want to verify that Foo(1) and Foo(3) both invoke -// mock.Bar("a"), but Foo(2) doesn't invoke anything, you can write: -// -// TEST(FooTest, InvokesBarCorrectly) { -// MyMock mock; -// MockFunction check; -// { -// InSequence s; -// -// EXPECT_CALL(mock, Bar("a")); -// EXPECT_CALL(check, Call("1")); -// EXPECT_CALL(check, Call("2")); -// EXPECT_CALL(mock, Bar("a")); -// } -// Foo(1); -// check.Call("1"); -// Foo(2); -// check.Call("2"); -// Foo(3); -// } -// -// The expectation spec says that the first Bar("a") must happen -// before check point "1", the second Bar("a") must happen after check -// point "2", and nothing should happen between the two check -// points. The explicit check points make it easy to tell which -// Bar("a") is called by which call to Foo(). -// -// MockFunction can also be used to exercise code that accepts -// std::function callbacks. To do so, use AsStdFunction() method -// to create std::function proxy forwarding to original object's Call. -// Example: -// -// TEST(FooTest, RunsCallbackWithBarArgument) { -// MockFunction callback; -// EXPECT_CALL(callback, Call("bar")).WillOnce(Return(1)); -// Foo(callback.AsStdFunction()); -// } -template -class MockFunction; - - -$for i [[ -$range j 0..i-1 -$var ArgTypes = [[$for j, [[A$j]]]] -$var ArgNames = [[$for j, [[a$j]]]] -$var ArgDecls = [[$for j, [[A$j a$j]]]] -template -class MockFunction { - public: - MockFunction() {} - - MOCK_METHOD$i[[]]_T(Call, R($ArgTypes)); - -#if GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_ - std::function AsStdFunction() { - return [this]($ArgDecls) -> R { - return this->Call($ArgNames); - }; - } -#endif // GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_ - - private: - GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(MockFunction); -}; - - -]] } // namespace testing #endif // GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_GENERATED_FUNCTION_MOCKERS_H_ diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-matchers.h b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-matchers.h index 57056fd..690a57f 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-matchers.h +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-matchers.h @@ -35,1134 +35,18 @@ // // This file implements some commonly used variadic matchers. +// GOOGLETEST_CM0002 DO NOT DELETE + #ifndef GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_GENERATED_MATCHERS_H_ #define GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_GENERATED_MATCHERS_H_ #include #include #include +#include #include #include "gmock/gmock-matchers.h" -namespace testing { -namespace internal { - -// The type of the i-th (0-based) field of Tuple. -#define GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, i) \ - typename ::testing::tuple_element::type - -// TupleFields is for selecting fields from a -// tuple of type Tuple. It has two members: -// -// type: a tuple type whose i-th field is the ki-th field of Tuple. -// GetSelectedFields(t): returns fields k0, ..., and kn of t as a tuple. -// -// For example, in class TupleFields, 2, 0>, we have: -// -// type is tuple, and -// GetSelectedFields(make_tuple(true, 'a', 42)) is (42, true). - -template -class TupleFields; - -// This generic version is used when there are 10 selectors. -template -class TupleFields { - public: - typedef ::testing::tuple type; - static type GetSelectedFields(const Tuple& t) { - return type(get(t), get(t), get(t), get(t), get(t), - get(t), get(t), get(t), get(t), get(t)); - } -}; - -// The following specialization is used for 0 ~ 9 selectors. - -template -class TupleFields { - public: - typedef ::testing::tuple<> type; - static type GetSelectedFields(const Tuple& /* t */) { - return type(); - } -}; - -template -class TupleFields { - public: - typedef ::testing::tuple type; - static type GetSelectedFields(const Tuple& t) { - return type(get(t)); - } -}; - -template -class TupleFields { - public: - typedef ::testing::tuple type; - static type GetSelectedFields(const Tuple& t) { - return type(get(t), get(t)); - } -}; - -template -class TupleFields { - public: - typedef ::testing::tuple type; - static type GetSelectedFields(const Tuple& t) { - return type(get(t), get(t), get(t)); - } -}; - -template -class TupleFields { - public: - typedef ::testing::tuple type; - static type GetSelectedFields(const Tuple& t) { - return type(get(t), get(t), get(t), get(t)); - } -}; - -template -class TupleFields { - public: - typedef ::testing::tuple type; - static type GetSelectedFields(const Tuple& t) { - return type(get(t), get(t), get(t), get(t), get(t)); - } -}; - -template -class TupleFields { - public: - typedef ::testing::tuple type; - static type GetSelectedFields(const Tuple& t) { - return type(get(t), get(t), get(t), get(t), get(t), - get(t)); - } -}; - -template -class TupleFields { - public: - typedef ::testing::tuple type; - static type GetSelectedFields(const Tuple& t) { - return type(get(t), get(t), get(t), get(t), get(t), - get(t), get(t)); - } -}; - -template -class TupleFields { - public: - typedef ::testing::tuple type; - static type GetSelectedFields(const Tuple& t) { - return type(get(t), get(t), get(t), get(t), get(t), - get(t), get(t), get(t)); - } -}; - -template -class TupleFields { - public: - typedef ::testing::tuple type; - static type GetSelectedFields(const Tuple& t) { - return type(get(t), get(t), get(t), get(t), get(t), - get(t), get(t), get(t), get(t)); - } -}; - -#undef GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_ - -// Implements the Args() matcher. -template -class ArgsMatcherImpl : public MatcherInterface { - public: - // ArgsTuple may have top-level const or reference modifiers. - typedef GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(ArgsTuple) RawArgsTuple; - typedef typename internal::TupleFields::type SelectedArgs; - typedef Matcher MonomorphicInnerMatcher; - - template - explicit ArgsMatcherImpl(const InnerMatcher& inner_matcher) - : inner_matcher_(SafeMatcherCast(inner_matcher)) {} - - virtual bool MatchAndExplain(ArgsTuple args, - MatchResultListener* listener) const { - const SelectedArgs& selected_args = GetSelectedArgs(args); - if (!listener->IsInterested()) - return inner_matcher_.Matches(selected_args); - - PrintIndices(listener->stream()); - *listener << "are " << PrintToString(selected_args); - - StringMatchResultListener inner_listener; - const bool match = inner_matcher_.MatchAndExplain(selected_args, - &inner_listener); - PrintIfNotEmpty(inner_listener.str(), listener->stream()); - return match; - } - - virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const { - *os << "are a tuple "; - PrintIndices(os); - inner_matcher_.DescribeTo(os); - } - - virtual void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const { - *os << "are a tuple "; - PrintIndices(os); - inner_matcher_.DescribeNegationTo(os); - } - - private: - static SelectedArgs GetSelectedArgs(ArgsTuple args) { - return TupleFields::GetSelectedFields(args); - } - - // Prints the indices of the selected fields. - static void PrintIndices(::std::ostream* os) { - *os << "whose fields ("; - const int indices[10] = { k0, k1, k2, k3, k4, k5, k6, k7, k8, k9 }; - for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { - if (indices[i] < 0) - break; - - if (i >= 1) - *os << ", "; - - *os << "#" << indices[i]; - } - *os << ") "; - } - - const MonomorphicInnerMatcher inner_matcher_; - - GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(ArgsMatcherImpl); -}; - -template -class ArgsMatcher { - public: - explicit ArgsMatcher(const InnerMatcher& inner_matcher) - : inner_matcher_(inner_matcher) {} - - template - operator Matcher() const { - return MakeMatcher(new ArgsMatcherImpl(inner_matcher_)); - } - - private: - const InnerMatcher inner_matcher_; - - GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(ArgsMatcher); -}; - -// A set of metafunctions for computing the result type of AllOf. -// AllOf(m1, ..., mN) returns -// AllOfResultN::type. - -// Although AllOf isn't defined for one argument, AllOfResult1 is defined -// to simplify the implementation. -template -struct AllOfResult1 { - typedef M1 type; -}; - -template -struct AllOfResult2 { - typedef BothOfMatcher< - typename AllOfResult1::type, - typename AllOfResult1::type - > type; -}; - -template -struct AllOfResult3 { - typedef BothOfMatcher< - typename AllOfResult1::type, - typename AllOfResult2::type - > type; -}; - -template -struct AllOfResult4 { - typedef BothOfMatcher< - typename AllOfResult2::type, - typename AllOfResult2::type - > type; -}; - -template -struct AllOfResult5 { - typedef BothOfMatcher< - typename AllOfResult2::type, - typename AllOfResult3::type - > type; -}; - -template -struct AllOfResult6 { - typedef BothOfMatcher< - typename AllOfResult3::type, - typename AllOfResult3::type - > type; -}; - -template -struct AllOfResult7 { - typedef BothOfMatcher< - typename AllOfResult3::type, - typename AllOfResult4::type - > type; -}; - -template -struct AllOfResult8 { - typedef BothOfMatcher< - typename AllOfResult4::type, - typename AllOfResult4::type - > type; -}; - -template -struct AllOfResult9 { - typedef BothOfMatcher< - typename AllOfResult4::type, - typename AllOfResult5::type - > type; -}; - -template -struct AllOfResult10 { - typedef BothOfMatcher< - typename AllOfResult5::type, - typename AllOfResult5::type - > type; -}; - -// A set of metafunctions for computing the result type of AnyOf. -// AnyOf(m1, ..., mN) returns -// AnyOfResultN::type. - -// Although AnyOf isn't defined for one argument, AnyOfResult1 is defined -// to simplify the implementation. -template -struct AnyOfResult1 { - typedef M1 type; -}; - -template -struct AnyOfResult2 { - typedef EitherOfMatcher< - typename AnyOfResult1::type, - typename AnyOfResult1::type - > type; -}; - -template -struct AnyOfResult3 { - typedef EitherOfMatcher< - typename AnyOfResult1::type, - typename AnyOfResult2::type - > type; -}; - -template -struct AnyOfResult4 { - typedef EitherOfMatcher< - typename AnyOfResult2::type, - typename AnyOfResult2::type - > type; -}; - -template -struct AnyOfResult5 { - typedef EitherOfMatcher< - typename AnyOfResult2::type, - typename AnyOfResult3::type - > type; -}; - -template -struct AnyOfResult6 { - typedef EitherOfMatcher< - typename AnyOfResult3::type, - typename AnyOfResult3::type - > type; -}; - -template -struct AnyOfResult7 { - typedef EitherOfMatcher< - typename AnyOfResult3::type, - typename AnyOfResult4::type - > type; -}; - -template -struct AnyOfResult8 { - typedef EitherOfMatcher< - typename AnyOfResult4::type, - typename AnyOfResult4::type - > type; -}; - -template -struct AnyOfResult9 { - typedef EitherOfMatcher< - typename AnyOfResult4::type, - typename AnyOfResult5::type - > type; -}; - -template -struct AnyOfResult10 { - typedef EitherOfMatcher< - typename AnyOfResult5::type, - typename AnyOfResult5::type - > type; -}; - -} // namespace internal - -// Args(a_matcher) matches a tuple if the selected -// fields of it matches a_matcher. C++ doesn't support default -// arguments for function templates, so we have to overload it. -template -inline internal::ArgsMatcher -Args(const InnerMatcher& matcher) { - return internal::ArgsMatcher(matcher); -} - -template -inline internal::ArgsMatcher -Args(const InnerMatcher& matcher) { - return internal::ArgsMatcher(matcher); -} - -template -inline internal::ArgsMatcher -Args(const InnerMatcher& matcher) { - return internal::ArgsMatcher(matcher); -} - -template -inline internal::ArgsMatcher -Args(const InnerMatcher& matcher) { - return internal::ArgsMatcher(matcher); -} - -template -inline internal::ArgsMatcher -Args(const InnerMatcher& matcher) { - return internal::ArgsMatcher(matcher); -} - -template -inline internal::ArgsMatcher -Args(const InnerMatcher& matcher) { - return internal::ArgsMatcher(matcher); -} - -template -inline internal::ArgsMatcher -Args(const InnerMatcher& matcher) { - return internal::ArgsMatcher(matcher); -} - -template -inline internal::ArgsMatcher -Args(const InnerMatcher& matcher) { - return internal::ArgsMatcher(matcher); -} - -template -inline internal::ArgsMatcher -Args(const InnerMatcher& matcher) { - return internal::ArgsMatcher(matcher); -} - -template -inline internal::ArgsMatcher -Args(const InnerMatcher& matcher) { - return internal::ArgsMatcher(matcher); -} - -template -inline internal::ArgsMatcher -Args(const InnerMatcher& matcher) { - return internal::ArgsMatcher(matcher); -} - -// ElementsAre(e_1, e_2, ... e_n) matches an STL-style container with -// n elements, where the i-th element in the container must -// match the i-th argument in the list. Each argument of -// ElementsAre() can be either a value or a matcher. We support up to -// 10 arguments. -// -// The use of DecayArray in the implementation allows ElementsAre() -// to accept string literals, whose type is const char[N], but we -// want to treat them as const char*. -// -// NOTE: Since ElementsAre() cares about the order of the elements, it -// must not be used with containers whose elements's order is -// undefined (e.g. hash_map). - -inline internal::ElementsAreMatcher< - ::testing::tuple<> > -ElementsAre() { - typedef ::testing::tuple<> Args; - return internal::ElementsAreMatcher(Args()); -} - -template -inline internal::ElementsAreMatcher< - ::testing::tuple< - typename internal::DecayArray::type> > -ElementsAre(const T1& e1) { - typedef ::testing::tuple< - typename internal::DecayArray::type> Args; - return internal::ElementsAreMatcher(Args(e1)); -} - -template -inline internal::ElementsAreMatcher< - ::testing::tuple< - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type> > -ElementsAre(const T1& e1, const T2& e2) { - typedef ::testing::tuple< - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type> Args; - return internal::ElementsAreMatcher(Args(e1, e2)); -} - -template -inline internal::ElementsAreMatcher< - ::testing::tuple< - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type> > -ElementsAre(const T1& e1, const T2& e2, const T3& e3) { - typedef ::testing::tuple< - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type> Args; - return internal::ElementsAreMatcher(Args(e1, e2, e3)); -} - -template -inline internal::ElementsAreMatcher< - ::testing::tuple< - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type> > -ElementsAre(const T1& e1, const T2& e2, const T3& e3, const T4& e4) { - typedef ::testing::tuple< - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type> Args; - return internal::ElementsAreMatcher(Args(e1, e2, e3, e4)); -} - -template -inline internal::ElementsAreMatcher< - ::testing::tuple< - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type> > -ElementsAre(const T1& e1, const T2& e2, const T3& e3, const T4& e4, - const T5& e5) { - typedef ::testing::tuple< - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type> Args; - return internal::ElementsAreMatcher(Args(e1, e2, e3, e4, e5)); -} - -template -inline internal::ElementsAreMatcher< - ::testing::tuple< - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type> > -ElementsAre(const T1& e1, const T2& e2, const T3& e3, const T4& e4, - const T5& e5, const T6& e6) { - typedef ::testing::tuple< - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type> Args; - return internal::ElementsAreMatcher(Args(e1, e2, e3, e4, e5, e6)); -} - -template -inline internal::ElementsAreMatcher< - ::testing::tuple< - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type> > -ElementsAre(const T1& e1, const T2& e2, const T3& e3, const T4& e4, - const T5& e5, const T6& e6, const T7& e7) { - typedef ::testing::tuple< - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type> Args; - return internal::ElementsAreMatcher(Args(e1, e2, e3, e4, e5, e6, e7)); -} - -template -inline internal::ElementsAreMatcher< - ::testing::tuple< - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type> > -ElementsAre(const T1& e1, const T2& e2, const T3& e3, const T4& e4, - const T5& e5, const T6& e6, const T7& e7, const T8& e8) { - typedef ::testing::tuple< - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type> Args; - return internal::ElementsAreMatcher(Args(e1, e2, e3, e4, e5, e6, e7, - e8)); -} - -template -inline internal::ElementsAreMatcher< - ::testing::tuple< - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type> > -ElementsAre(const T1& e1, const T2& e2, const T3& e3, const T4& e4, - const T5& e5, const T6& e6, const T7& e7, const T8& e8, const T9& e9) { - typedef ::testing::tuple< - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type> Args; - return internal::ElementsAreMatcher(Args(e1, e2, e3, e4, e5, e6, e7, - e8, e9)); -} - -template -inline internal::ElementsAreMatcher< - ::testing::tuple< - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type> > -ElementsAre(const T1& e1, const T2& e2, const T3& e3, const T4& e4, - const T5& e5, const T6& e6, const T7& e7, const T8& e8, const T9& e9, - const T10& e10) { - typedef ::testing::tuple< - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type> Args; - return internal::ElementsAreMatcher(Args(e1, e2, e3, e4, e5, e6, e7, - e8, e9, e10)); -} - -// UnorderedElementsAre(e_1, e_2, ..., e_n) is an ElementsAre extension -// that matches n elements in any order. We support up to n=10 arguments. - -inline internal::UnorderedElementsAreMatcher< - ::testing::tuple<> > -UnorderedElementsAre() { - typedef ::testing::tuple<> Args; - return internal::UnorderedElementsAreMatcher(Args()); -} - -template -inline internal::UnorderedElementsAreMatcher< - ::testing::tuple< - typename internal::DecayArray::type> > -UnorderedElementsAre(const T1& e1) { - typedef ::testing::tuple< - typename internal::DecayArray::type> Args; - return internal::UnorderedElementsAreMatcher(Args(e1)); -} - -template -inline internal::UnorderedElementsAreMatcher< - ::testing::tuple< - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type> > -UnorderedElementsAre(const T1& e1, const T2& e2) { - typedef ::testing::tuple< - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type> Args; - return internal::UnorderedElementsAreMatcher(Args(e1, e2)); -} - -template -inline internal::UnorderedElementsAreMatcher< - ::testing::tuple< - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type> > -UnorderedElementsAre(const T1& e1, const T2& e2, const T3& e3) { - typedef ::testing::tuple< - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type> Args; - return internal::UnorderedElementsAreMatcher(Args(e1, e2, e3)); -} - -template -inline internal::UnorderedElementsAreMatcher< - ::testing::tuple< - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type> > -UnorderedElementsAre(const T1& e1, const T2& e2, const T3& e3, const T4& e4) { - typedef ::testing::tuple< - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type> Args; - return internal::UnorderedElementsAreMatcher(Args(e1, e2, e3, e4)); -} - -template -inline internal::UnorderedElementsAreMatcher< - ::testing::tuple< - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type> > -UnorderedElementsAre(const T1& e1, const T2& e2, const T3& e3, const T4& e4, - const T5& e5) { - typedef ::testing::tuple< - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type> Args; - return internal::UnorderedElementsAreMatcher(Args(e1, e2, e3, e4, e5)); -} - -template -inline internal::UnorderedElementsAreMatcher< - ::testing::tuple< - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type> > -UnorderedElementsAre(const T1& e1, const T2& e2, const T3& e3, const T4& e4, - const T5& e5, const T6& e6) { - typedef ::testing::tuple< - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type> Args; - return internal::UnorderedElementsAreMatcher(Args(e1, e2, e3, e4, e5, - e6)); -} - -template -inline internal::UnorderedElementsAreMatcher< - ::testing::tuple< - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type> > -UnorderedElementsAre(const T1& e1, const T2& e2, const T3& e3, const T4& e4, - const T5& e5, const T6& e6, const T7& e7) { - typedef ::testing::tuple< - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type> Args; - return internal::UnorderedElementsAreMatcher(Args(e1, e2, e3, e4, e5, - e6, e7)); -} - -template -inline internal::UnorderedElementsAreMatcher< - ::testing::tuple< - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type> > -UnorderedElementsAre(const T1& e1, const T2& e2, const T3& e3, const T4& e4, - const T5& e5, const T6& e6, const T7& e7, const T8& e8) { - typedef ::testing::tuple< - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type> Args; - return internal::UnorderedElementsAreMatcher(Args(e1, e2, e3, e4, e5, - e6, e7, e8)); -} - -template -inline internal::UnorderedElementsAreMatcher< - ::testing::tuple< - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type> > -UnorderedElementsAre(const T1& e1, const T2& e2, const T3& e3, const T4& e4, - const T5& e5, const T6& e6, const T7& e7, const T8& e8, const T9& e9) { - typedef ::testing::tuple< - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type> Args; - return internal::UnorderedElementsAreMatcher(Args(e1, e2, e3, e4, e5, - e6, e7, e8, e9)); -} - -template -inline internal::UnorderedElementsAreMatcher< - ::testing::tuple< - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type> > -UnorderedElementsAre(const T1& e1, const T2& e2, const T3& e3, const T4& e4, - const T5& e5, const T6& e6, const T7& e7, const T8& e8, const T9& e9, - const T10& e10) { - typedef ::testing::tuple< - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type, - typename internal::DecayArray::type> Args; - return internal::UnorderedElementsAreMatcher(Args(e1, e2, e3, e4, e5, - e6, e7, e8, e9, e10)); -} - -// AllOf(m1, m2, ..., mk) matches any value that matches all of the given -// sub-matchers. AllOf is called fully qualified to prevent ADL from firing. - -template -inline typename internal::AllOfResult2::type -AllOf(M1 m1, M2 m2) { - return typename internal::AllOfResult2::type( - m1, - m2); -} - -template -inline typename internal::AllOfResult3::type -AllOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3) { - return typename internal::AllOfResult3::type( - m1, - ::testing::AllOf(m2, m3)); -} - -template -inline typename internal::AllOfResult4::type -AllOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3, M4 m4) { - return typename internal::AllOfResult4::type( - ::testing::AllOf(m1, m2), - ::testing::AllOf(m3, m4)); -} - -template -inline typename internal::AllOfResult5::type -AllOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3, M4 m4, M5 m5) { - return typename internal::AllOfResult5::type( - ::testing::AllOf(m1, m2), - ::testing::AllOf(m3, m4, m5)); -} - -template -inline typename internal::AllOfResult6::type -AllOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3, M4 m4, M5 m5, M6 m6) { - return typename internal::AllOfResult6::type( - ::testing::AllOf(m1, m2, m3), - ::testing::AllOf(m4, m5, m6)); -} - -template -inline typename internal::AllOfResult7::type -AllOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3, M4 m4, M5 m5, M6 m6, M7 m7) { - return typename internal::AllOfResult7::type( - ::testing::AllOf(m1, m2, m3), - ::testing::AllOf(m4, m5, m6, m7)); -} - -template -inline typename internal::AllOfResult8::type -AllOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3, M4 m4, M5 m5, M6 m6, M7 m7, M8 m8) { - return typename internal::AllOfResult8::type( - ::testing::AllOf(m1, m2, m3, m4), - ::testing::AllOf(m5, m6, m7, m8)); -} - -template -inline typename internal::AllOfResult9::type -AllOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3, M4 m4, M5 m5, M6 m6, M7 m7, M8 m8, M9 m9) { - return typename internal::AllOfResult9::type( - ::testing::AllOf(m1, m2, m3, m4), - ::testing::AllOf(m5, m6, m7, m8, m9)); -} - -template -inline typename internal::AllOfResult10::type -AllOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3, M4 m4, M5 m5, M6 m6, M7 m7, M8 m8, M9 m9, M10 m10) { - return typename internal::AllOfResult10::type( - ::testing::AllOf(m1, m2, m3, m4, m5), - ::testing::AllOf(m6, m7, m8, m9, m10)); -} - -// AnyOf(m1, m2, ..., mk) matches any value that matches any of the given -// sub-matchers. AnyOf is called fully qualified to prevent ADL from firing. - -template -inline typename internal::AnyOfResult2::type -AnyOf(M1 m1, M2 m2) { - return typename internal::AnyOfResult2::type( - m1, - m2); -} - -template -inline typename internal::AnyOfResult3::type -AnyOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3) { - return typename internal::AnyOfResult3::type( - m1, - ::testing::AnyOf(m2, m3)); -} - -template -inline typename internal::AnyOfResult4::type -AnyOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3, M4 m4) { - return typename internal::AnyOfResult4::type( - ::testing::AnyOf(m1, m2), - ::testing::AnyOf(m3, m4)); -} - -template -inline typename internal::AnyOfResult5::type -AnyOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3, M4 m4, M5 m5) { - return typename internal::AnyOfResult5::type( - ::testing::AnyOf(m1, m2), - ::testing::AnyOf(m3, m4, m5)); -} - -template -inline typename internal::AnyOfResult6::type -AnyOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3, M4 m4, M5 m5, M6 m6) { - return typename internal::AnyOfResult6::type( - ::testing::AnyOf(m1, m2, m3), - ::testing::AnyOf(m4, m5, m6)); -} - -template -inline typename internal::AnyOfResult7::type -AnyOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3, M4 m4, M5 m5, M6 m6, M7 m7) { - return typename internal::AnyOfResult7::type( - ::testing::AnyOf(m1, m2, m3), - ::testing::AnyOf(m4, m5, m6, m7)); -} - -template -inline typename internal::AnyOfResult8::type -AnyOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3, M4 m4, M5 m5, M6 m6, M7 m7, M8 m8) { - return typename internal::AnyOfResult8::type( - ::testing::AnyOf(m1, m2, m3, m4), - ::testing::AnyOf(m5, m6, m7, m8)); -} - -template -inline typename internal::AnyOfResult9::type -AnyOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3, M4 m4, M5 m5, M6 m6, M7 m7, M8 m8, M9 m9) { - return typename internal::AnyOfResult9::type( - ::testing::AnyOf(m1, m2, m3, m4), - ::testing::AnyOf(m5, m6, m7, m8, m9)); -} - -template -inline typename internal::AnyOfResult10::type -AnyOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3, M4 m4, M5 m5, M6 m6, M7 m7, M8 m8, M9 m9, M10 m10) { - return typename internal::AnyOfResult10::type( - ::testing::AnyOf(m1, m2, m3, m4, m5), - ::testing::AnyOf(m6, m7, m8, m9, m10)); -} - -} // namespace testing - - // The MATCHER* family of macros can be used in a namespace scope to // define custom matchers easily. // @@ -1268,7 +152,7 @@ AnyOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3, M4 m4, M5 m5, M6 m6, M7 m7, M8 m8, M9 m9, M10 m10) { // using testing::PrintToString; // // MATCHER_P2(InClosedRange, low, hi, -// string(negation ? "is not" : "is") + " in range [" + +// std::string(negation ? "is not" : "is") + " in range [" + // PrintToString(low) + ", " + PrintToString(hi) + "]") { // return low <= arg && arg <= hi; // } @@ -1366,28 +250,28 @@ AnyOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3, M4 m4, M5 m5, M6 m6, M7 m7, M8 m8, M9 m9, M10 m10) { // overloading matchers based on parameter types (as opposed to just // based on the number of parameters). // -// MATCHER*() can only be used in a namespace scope. The reason is -// that C++ doesn't yet allow function-local types to be used to -// instantiate templates. The up-coming C++0x standard will fix this. -// Once that's done, we'll consider supporting using MATCHER*() inside -// a function. +// MATCHER*() can only be used in a namespace scope as templates cannot be +// declared inside of a local class. // // More Information // ================ // // To learn more about using these macros, please search for 'MATCHER' -// on http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/CookBook. +// on +// https://github.com/google/googletest/blob/master/googlemock/docs/cook_book.md #define MATCHER(name, description)\ class name##Matcher {\ public:\ template \ - class gmock_Impl : public ::testing::MatcherInterface {\ + class gmock_Impl : public ::testing::MatcherInterface<\ + GTEST_REFERENCE_TO_CONST_(arg_type)> {\ public:\ gmock_Impl()\ {}\ virtual bool MatchAndExplain(\ - arg_type arg, ::testing::MatchResultListener* result_listener) const;\ + GTEST_REFERENCE_TO_CONST_(arg_type) arg,\ + ::testing::MatchResultListener* result_listener) const;\ virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* gmock_os) const {\ *gmock_os << FormatDescription(false);\ }\ @@ -1395,16 +279,16 @@ AnyOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3, M4 m4, M5 m5, M6 m6, M7 m7, M8 m8, M9 m9, M10 m10) { *gmock_os << FormatDescription(true);\ }\ private:\ - ::testing::internal::string FormatDescription(bool negation) const {\ - const ::testing::internal::string gmock_description = (description);\ - if (!gmock_description.empty())\ + ::std::string FormatDescription(bool negation) const {\ + ::std::string gmock_description = (description);\ + if (!gmock_description.empty()) {\ return gmock_description;\ + }\ return ::testing::internal::FormatMatcherDescription(\ negation, #name, \ ::testing::internal::UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(\ - ::testing::tuple<>()));\ + ::std::tuple<>()));\ }\ - GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(gmock_Impl);\ };\ template \ operator ::testing::Matcher() const {\ @@ -1414,14 +298,13 @@ AnyOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3, M4 m4, M5 m5, M6 m6, M7 m7, M8 m8, M9 m9, M10 m10) { name##Matcher() {\ }\ private:\ - GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(name##Matcher);\ };\ inline name##Matcher name() {\ return name##Matcher();\ }\ template \ bool name##Matcher::gmock_Impl::MatchAndExplain(\ - arg_type arg, \ + GTEST_REFERENCE_TO_CONST_(arg_type) arg,\ ::testing::MatchResultListener* result_listener GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_)\ const @@ -1430,41 +313,42 @@ AnyOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3, M4 m4, M5 m5, M6 m6, M7 m7, M8 m8, M9 m9, M10 m10) { class name##MatcherP {\ public:\ template \ - class gmock_Impl : public ::testing::MatcherInterface {\ + class gmock_Impl : public ::testing::MatcherInterface<\ + GTEST_REFERENCE_TO_CONST_(arg_type)> {\ public:\ explicit gmock_Impl(p0##_type gmock_p0)\ - : p0(gmock_p0) {}\ + : p0(::std::move(gmock_p0)) {}\ virtual bool MatchAndExplain(\ - arg_type arg, ::testing::MatchResultListener* result_listener) const;\ + GTEST_REFERENCE_TO_CONST_(arg_type) arg,\ + ::testing::MatchResultListener* result_listener) const;\ virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* gmock_os) const {\ *gmock_os << FormatDescription(false);\ }\ virtual void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* gmock_os) const {\ *gmock_os << FormatDescription(true);\ }\ - p0##_type p0;\ + p0##_type const p0;\ private:\ - ::testing::internal::string FormatDescription(bool negation) const {\ - const ::testing::internal::string gmock_description = (description);\ - if (!gmock_description.empty())\ + ::std::string FormatDescription(bool negation) const {\ + ::std::string gmock_description = (description);\ + if (!gmock_description.empty()) {\ return gmock_description;\ + }\ return ::testing::internal::FormatMatcherDescription(\ negation, #name, \ ::testing::internal::UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(\ - ::testing::tuple(p0)));\ + ::std::tuple(p0)));\ }\ - GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(gmock_Impl);\ };\ template \ operator ::testing::Matcher() const {\ return ::testing::Matcher(\ new gmock_Impl(p0));\ }\ - explicit name##MatcherP(p0##_type gmock_p0) : p0(gmock_p0) {\ + explicit name##MatcherP(p0##_type gmock_p0) : p0(::std::move(gmock_p0)) {\ }\ - p0##_type p0;\ + p0##_type const p0;\ private:\ - GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(name##MatcherP);\ };\ template \ inline name##MatcherP name(p0##_type p0) {\ @@ -1473,7 +357,7 @@ AnyOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3, M4 m4, M5 m5, M6 m6, M7 m7, M8 m8, M9 m9, M10 m10) { template \ template \ bool name##MatcherP::gmock_Impl::MatchAndExplain(\ - arg_type arg, \ + GTEST_REFERENCE_TO_CONST_(arg_type) arg,\ ::testing::MatchResultListener* result_listener GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_)\ const @@ -1482,44 +366,46 @@ AnyOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3, M4 m4, M5 m5, M6 m6, M7 m7, M8 m8, M9 m9, M10 m10) { class name##MatcherP2 {\ public:\ template \ - class gmock_Impl : public ::testing::MatcherInterface {\ + class gmock_Impl : public ::testing::MatcherInterface<\ + GTEST_REFERENCE_TO_CONST_(arg_type)> {\ public:\ gmock_Impl(p0##_type gmock_p0, p1##_type gmock_p1)\ - : p0(gmock_p0), p1(gmock_p1) {}\ + : p0(::std::move(gmock_p0)), p1(::std::move(gmock_p1)) {}\ virtual bool MatchAndExplain(\ - arg_type arg, ::testing::MatchResultListener* result_listener) const;\ + GTEST_REFERENCE_TO_CONST_(arg_type) arg,\ + ::testing::MatchResultListener* result_listener) const;\ virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* gmock_os) const {\ *gmock_os << FormatDescription(false);\ }\ virtual void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* gmock_os) const {\ *gmock_os << FormatDescription(true);\ }\ - p0##_type p0;\ - p1##_type p1;\ + p0##_type const p0;\ + p1##_type const p1;\ private:\ - ::testing::internal::string FormatDescription(bool negation) const {\ - const ::testing::internal::string gmock_description = (description);\ - if (!gmock_description.empty())\ + ::std::string FormatDescription(bool negation) const {\ + ::std::string gmock_description = (description);\ + if (!gmock_description.empty()) {\ return gmock_description;\ + }\ return ::testing::internal::FormatMatcherDescription(\ negation, #name, \ ::testing::internal::UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(\ - ::testing::tuple(p0, p1)));\ + ::std::tuple(p0, p1)));\ }\ - GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(gmock_Impl);\ };\ template \ operator ::testing::Matcher() const {\ return ::testing::Matcher(\ new gmock_Impl(p0, p1));\ }\ - name##MatcherP2(p0##_type gmock_p0, p1##_type gmock_p1) : p0(gmock_p0), \ - p1(gmock_p1) {\ + name##MatcherP2(p0##_type gmock_p0, \ + p1##_type gmock_p1) : p0(::std::move(gmock_p0)), \ + p1(::std::move(gmock_p1)) {\ }\ - p0##_type p0;\ - p1##_type p1;\ + p0##_type const p0;\ + p1##_type const p1;\ private:\ - GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(name##MatcherP2);\ };\ template \ inline name##MatcherP2 name(p0##_type p0, \ @@ -1530,7 +416,7 @@ AnyOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3, M4 m4, M5 m5, M6 m6, M7 m7, M8 m8, M9 m9, M10 m10) { template \ bool name##MatcherP2::gmock_Impl::MatchAndExplain(\ - arg_type arg, \ + GTEST_REFERENCE_TO_CONST_(arg_type) arg,\ ::testing::MatchResultListener* result_listener GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_)\ const @@ -1539,33 +425,35 @@ AnyOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3, M4 m4, M5 m5, M6 m6, M7 m7, M8 m8, M9 m9, M10 m10) { class name##MatcherP3 {\ public:\ template \ - class gmock_Impl : public ::testing::MatcherInterface {\ + class gmock_Impl : public ::testing::MatcherInterface<\ + GTEST_REFERENCE_TO_CONST_(arg_type)> {\ public:\ gmock_Impl(p0##_type gmock_p0, p1##_type gmock_p1, p2##_type gmock_p2)\ - : p0(gmock_p0), p1(gmock_p1), p2(gmock_p2) {}\ + : p0(::std::move(gmock_p0)), p1(::std::move(gmock_p1)), \ + p2(::std::move(gmock_p2)) {}\ virtual bool MatchAndExplain(\ - arg_type arg, ::testing::MatchResultListener* result_listener) const;\ + GTEST_REFERENCE_TO_CONST_(arg_type) arg,\ + ::testing::MatchResultListener* result_listener) const;\ virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* gmock_os) const {\ *gmock_os << FormatDescription(false);\ }\ virtual void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* gmock_os) const {\ *gmock_os << FormatDescription(true);\ }\ - p0##_type p0;\ - p1##_type p1;\ - p2##_type p2;\ + p0##_type const p0;\ + p1##_type const p1;\ + p2##_type const p2;\ private:\ - ::testing::internal::string FormatDescription(bool negation) const {\ - const ::testing::internal::string gmock_description = (description);\ - if (!gmock_description.empty())\ + ::std::string FormatDescription(bool negation) const {\ + ::std::string gmock_description = (description);\ + if (!gmock_description.empty()) {\ return gmock_description;\ + }\ return ::testing::internal::FormatMatcherDescription(\ negation, #name, \ ::testing::internal::UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(\ - ::testing::tuple(p0, p1, \ - p2)));\ + ::std::tuple(p0, p1, p2)));\ }\ - GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(gmock_Impl);\ };\ template \ operator ::testing::Matcher() const {\ @@ -1573,13 +461,13 @@ AnyOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3, M4 m4, M5 m5, M6 m6, M7 m7, M8 m8, M9 m9, M10 m10) { new gmock_Impl(p0, p1, p2));\ }\ name##MatcherP3(p0##_type gmock_p0, p1##_type gmock_p1, \ - p2##_type gmock_p2) : p0(gmock_p0), p1(gmock_p1), p2(gmock_p2) {\ + p2##_type gmock_p2) : p0(::std::move(gmock_p0)), \ + p1(::std::move(gmock_p1)), p2(::std::move(gmock_p2)) {\ }\ - p0##_type p0;\ - p1##_type p1;\ - p2##_type p2;\ + p0##_type const p0;\ + p1##_type const p1;\ + p2##_type const p2;\ private:\ - GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(name##MatcherP3);\ };\ template \ inline name##MatcherP3 name(p0##_type p0, \ @@ -1590,7 +478,7 @@ AnyOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3, M4 m4, M5 m5, M6 m6, M7 m7, M8 m8, M9 m9, M10 m10) { template \ bool name##MatcherP3::gmock_Impl::MatchAndExplain(\ - arg_type arg, \ + GTEST_REFERENCE_TO_CONST_(arg_type) arg,\ ::testing::MatchResultListener* result_listener GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_)\ const @@ -1600,35 +488,38 @@ AnyOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3, M4 m4, M5 m5, M6 m6, M7 m7, M8 m8, M9 m9, M10 m10) { class name##MatcherP4 {\ public:\ template \ - class gmock_Impl : public ::testing::MatcherInterface {\ + class gmock_Impl : public ::testing::MatcherInterface<\ + GTEST_REFERENCE_TO_CONST_(arg_type)> {\ public:\ gmock_Impl(p0##_type gmock_p0, p1##_type gmock_p1, p2##_type gmock_p2, \ p3##_type gmock_p3)\ - : p0(gmock_p0), p1(gmock_p1), p2(gmock_p2), p3(gmock_p3) {}\ + : p0(::std::move(gmock_p0)), p1(::std::move(gmock_p1)), \ + p2(::std::move(gmock_p2)), p3(::std::move(gmock_p3)) {}\ virtual bool MatchAndExplain(\ - arg_type arg, ::testing::MatchResultListener* result_listener) const;\ + GTEST_REFERENCE_TO_CONST_(arg_type) arg,\ + ::testing::MatchResultListener* result_listener) const;\ virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* gmock_os) const {\ *gmock_os << FormatDescription(false);\ }\ virtual void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* gmock_os) const {\ *gmock_os << FormatDescription(true);\ }\ - p0##_type p0;\ - p1##_type p1;\ - p2##_type p2;\ - p3##_type p3;\ + p0##_type const p0;\ + p1##_type const p1;\ + p2##_type const p2;\ + p3##_type const p3;\ private:\ - ::testing::internal::string FormatDescription(bool negation) const {\ - const ::testing::internal::string gmock_description = (description);\ - if (!gmock_description.empty())\ + ::std::string FormatDescription(bool negation) const {\ + ::std::string gmock_description = (description);\ + if (!gmock_description.empty()) {\ return gmock_description;\ + }\ return ::testing::internal::FormatMatcherDescription(\ negation, #name, \ ::testing::internal::UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(\ - ::testing::tuple(p0, p1, p2, p3)));\ + ::std::tuple(p0, \ + p1, p2, p3)));\ }\ - GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(gmock_Impl);\ };\ template \ operator ::testing::Matcher() const {\ @@ -1636,15 +527,15 @@ AnyOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3, M4 m4, M5 m5, M6 m6, M7 m7, M8 m8, M9 m9, M10 m10) { new gmock_Impl(p0, p1, p2, p3));\ }\ name##MatcherP4(p0##_type gmock_p0, p1##_type gmock_p1, \ - p2##_type gmock_p2, p3##_type gmock_p3) : p0(gmock_p0), p1(gmock_p1), \ - p2(gmock_p2), p3(gmock_p3) {\ + p2##_type gmock_p2, p3##_type gmock_p3) : p0(::std::move(gmock_p0)), \ + p1(::std::move(gmock_p1)), p2(::std::move(gmock_p2)), \ + p3(::std::move(gmock_p3)) {\ }\ - p0##_type p0;\ - p1##_type p1;\ - p2##_type p2;\ - p3##_type p3;\ + p0##_type const p0;\ + p1##_type const p1;\ + p2##_type const p2;\ + p3##_type const p3;\ private:\ - GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(name##MatcherP4);\ };\ template \ @@ -1659,7 +550,7 @@ AnyOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3, M4 m4, M5 m5, M6 m6, M7 m7, M8 m8, M9 m9, M10 m10) { template \ bool name##MatcherP4::gmock_Impl::MatchAndExplain(\ - arg_type arg, \ + GTEST_REFERENCE_TO_CONST_(arg_type) arg,\ ::testing::MatchResultListener* result_listener GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_)\ const @@ -1669,37 +560,40 @@ AnyOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3, M4 m4, M5 m5, M6 m6, M7 m7, M8 m8, M9 m9, M10 m10) { class name##MatcherP5 {\ public:\ template \ - class gmock_Impl : public ::testing::MatcherInterface {\ + class gmock_Impl : public ::testing::MatcherInterface<\ + GTEST_REFERENCE_TO_CONST_(arg_type)> {\ public:\ gmock_Impl(p0##_type gmock_p0, p1##_type gmock_p1, p2##_type gmock_p2, \ p3##_type gmock_p3, p4##_type gmock_p4)\ - : p0(gmock_p0), p1(gmock_p1), p2(gmock_p2), p3(gmock_p3), \ - p4(gmock_p4) {}\ + : p0(::std::move(gmock_p0)), p1(::std::move(gmock_p1)), \ + p2(::std::move(gmock_p2)), p3(::std::move(gmock_p3)), \ + p4(::std::move(gmock_p4)) {}\ virtual bool MatchAndExplain(\ - arg_type arg, ::testing::MatchResultListener* result_listener) const;\ + GTEST_REFERENCE_TO_CONST_(arg_type) arg,\ + ::testing::MatchResultListener* result_listener) const;\ virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* gmock_os) const {\ *gmock_os << FormatDescription(false);\ }\ virtual void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* gmock_os) const {\ *gmock_os << FormatDescription(true);\ }\ - p0##_type p0;\ - p1##_type p1;\ - p2##_type p2;\ - p3##_type p3;\ - p4##_type p4;\ + p0##_type const p0;\ + p1##_type const p1;\ + p2##_type const p2;\ + p3##_type const p3;\ + p4##_type const p4;\ private:\ - ::testing::internal::string FormatDescription(bool negation) const {\ - const ::testing::internal::string gmock_description = (description);\ - if (!gmock_description.empty())\ + ::std::string FormatDescription(bool negation) const {\ + ::std::string gmock_description = (description);\ + if (!gmock_description.empty()) {\ return gmock_description;\ + }\ return ::testing::internal::FormatMatcherDescription(\ negation, #name, \ ::testing::internal::UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(\ - ::testing::tuple(p0, p1, p2, p3, p4)));\ }\ - GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(gmock_Impl);\ };\ template \ operator ::testing::Matcher() const {\ @@ -1708,16 +602,16 @@ AnyOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3, M4 m4, M5 m5, M6 m6, M7 m7, M8 m8, M9 m9, M10 m10) { }\ name##MatcherP5(p0##_type gmock_p0, p1##_type gmock_p1, \ p2##_type gmock_p2, p3##_type gmock_p3, \ - p4##_type gmock_p4) : p0(gmock_p0), p1(gmock_p1), p2(gmock_p2), \ - p3(gmock_p3), p4(gmock_p4) {\ + p4##_type gmock_p4) : p0(::std::move(gmock_p0)), \ + p1(::std::move(gmock_p1)), p2(::std::move(gmock_p2)), \ + p3(::std::move(gmock_p3)), p4(::std::move(gmock_p4)) {\ }\ - p0##_type p0;\ - p1##_type p1;\ - p2##_type p2;\ - p3##_type p3;\ - p4##_type p4;\ + p0##_type const p0;\ + p1##_type const p1;\ + p2##_type const p2;\ + p3##_type const p3;\ + p4##_type const p4;\ private:\ - GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(name##MatcherP5);\ };\ template \ @@ -1732,7 +626,7 @@ AnyOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3, M4 m4, M5 m5, M6 m6, M7 m7, M8 m8, M9 m9, M10 m10) { template \ bool name##MatcherP5::gmock_Impl::MatchAndExplain(\ - arg_type arg, \ + GTEST_REFERENCE_TO_CONST_(arg_type) arg,\ ::testing::MatchResultListener* result_listener GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_)\ const @@ -1742,38 +636,41 @@ AnyOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3, M4 m4, M5 m5, M6 m6, M7 m7, M8 m8, M9 m9, M10 m10) { class name##MatcherP6 {\ public:\ template \ - class gmock_Impl : public ::testing::MatcherInterface {\ + class gmock_Impl : public ::testing::MatcherInterface<\ + GTEST_REFERENCE_TO_CONST_(arg_type)> {\ public:\ gmock_Impl(p0##_type gmock_p0, p1##_type gmock_p1, p2##_type gmock_p2, \ p3##_type gmock_p3, p4##_type gmock_p4, p5##_type gmock_p5)\ - : p0(gmock_p0), p1(gmock_p1), p2(gmock_p2), p3(gmock_p3), \ - p4(gmock_p4), p5(gmock_p5) {}\ + : p0(::std::move(gmock_p0)), p1(::std::move(gmock_p1)), \ + p2(::std::move(gmock_p2)), p3(::std::move(gmock_p3)), \ + p4(::std::move(gmock_p4)), p5(::std::move(gmock_p5)) {}\ virtual bool MatchAndExplain(\ - arg_type arg, ::testing::MatchResultListener* result_listener) const;\ + GTEST_REFERENCE_TO_CONST_(arg_type) arg,\ + ::testing::MatchResultListener* result_listener) const;\ virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* gmock_os) const {\ *gmock_os << FormatDescription(false);\ }\ virtual void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* gmock_os) const {\ *gmock_os << FormatDescription(true);\ }\ - p0##_type p0;\ - p1##_type p1;\ - p2##_type p2;\ - p3##_type p3;\ - p4##_type p4;\ - p5##_type p5;\ + p0##_type const p0;\ + p1##_type const p1;\ + p2##_type const p2;\ + p3##_type const p3;\ + p4##_type const p4;\ + p5##_type const p5;\ private:\ - ::testing::internal::string FormatDescription(bool negation) const {\ - const ::testing::internal::string gmock_description = (description);\ - if (!gmock_description.empty())\ + ::std::string FormatDescription(bool negation) const {\ + ::std::string gmock_description = (description);\ + if (!gmock_description.empty()) {\ return gmock_description;\ + }\ return ::testing::internal::FormatMatcherDescription(\ negation, #name, \ ::testing::internal::UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(\ - ::testing::tuple(p0, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5)));\ }\ - GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(gmock_Impl);\ };\ template \ operator ::testing::Matcher() const {\ @@ -1782,17 +679,18 @@ AnyOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3, M4 m4, M5 m5, M6 m6, M7 m7, M8 m8, M9 m9, M10 m10) { }\ name##MatcherP6(p0##_type gmock_p0, p1##_type gmock_p1, \ p2##_type gmock_p2, p3##_type gmock_p3, p4##_type gmock_p4, \ - p5##_type gmock_p5) : p0(gmock_p0), p1(gmock_p1), p2(gmock_p2), \ - p3(gmock_p3), p4(gmock_p4), p5(gmock_p5) {\ + p5##_type gmock_p5) : p0(::std::move(gmock_p0)), \ + p1(::std::move(gmock_p1)), p2(::std::move(gmock_p2)), \ + p3(::std::move(gmock_p3)), p4(::std::move(gmock_p4)), \ + p5(::std::move(gmock_p5)) {\ }\ - p0##_type p0;\ - p1##_type p1;\ - p2##_type p2;\ - p3##_type p3;\ - p4##_type p4;\ - p5##_type p5;\ + p0##_type const p0;\ + p1##_type const p1;\ + p2##_type const p2;\ + p3##_type const p3;\ + p4##_type const p4;\ + p5##_type const p5;\ private:\ - GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(name##MatcherP6);\ };\ template \ @@ -1807,7 +705,7 @@ AnyOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3, M4 m4, M5 m5, M6 m6, M7 m7, M8 m8, M9 m9, M10 m10) { template \ bool name##MatcherP6::gmock_Impl::MatchAndExplain(\ - arg_type arg, \ + GTEST_REFERENCE_TO_CONST_(arg_type) arg,\ ::testing::MatchResultListener* result_listener GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_)\ const @@ -1818,41 +716,45 @@ AnyOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3, M4 m4, M5 m5, M6 m6, M7 m7, M8 m8, M9 m9, M10 m10) { class name##MatcherP7 {\ public:\ template \ - class gmock_Impl : public ::testing::MatcherInterface {\ + class gmock_Impl : public ::testing::MatcherInterface<\ + GTEST_REFERENCE_TO_CONST_(arg_type)> {\ public:\ gmock_Impl(p0##_type gmock_p0, p1##_type gmock_p1, p2##_type gmock_p2, \ p3##_type gmock_p3, p4##_type gmock_p4, p5##_type gmock_p5, \ p6##_type gmock_p6)\ - : p0(gmock_p0), p1(gmock_p1), p2(gmock_p2), p3(gmock_p3), \ - p4(gmock_p4), p5(gmock_p5), p6(gmock_p6) {}\ + : p0(::std::move(gmock_p0)), p1(::std::move(gmock_p1)), \ + p2(::std::move(gmock_p2)), p3(::std::move(gmock_p3)), \ + p4(::std::move(gmock_p4)), p5(::std::move(gmock_p5)), \ + p6(::std::move(gmock_p6)) {}\ virtual bool MatchAndExplain(\ - arg_type arg, ::testing::MatchResultListener* result_listener) const;\ + GTEST_REFERENCE_TO_CONST_(arg_type) arg,\ + ::testing::MatchResultListener* result_listener) const;\ virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* gmock_os) const {\ *gmock_os << FormatDescription(false);\ }\ virtual void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* gmock_os) const {\ *gmock_os << FormatDescription(true);\ }\ - p0##_type p0;\ - p1##_type p1;\ - p2##_type p2;\ - p3##_type p3;\ - p4##_type p4;\ - p5##_type p5;\ - p6##_type p6;\ + p0##_type const p0;\ + p1##_type const p1;\ + p2##_type const p2;\ + p3##_type const p3;\ + p4##_type const p4;\ + p5##_type const p5;\ + p6##_type const p6;\ private:\ - ::testing::internal::string FormatDescription(bool negation) const {\ - const ::testing::internal::string gmock_description = (description);\ - if (!gmock_description.empty())\ + ::std::string FormatDescription(bool negation) const {\ + ::std::string gmock_description = (description);\ + if (!gmock_description.empty()) {\ return gmock_description;\ + }\ return ::testing::internal::FormatMatcherDescription(\ negation, #name, \ ::testing::internal::UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(\ - ::testing::tuple(p0, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, \ p6)));\ }\ - GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(gmock_Impl);\ };\ template \ operator ::testing::Matcher() const {\ @@ -1861,19 +763,19 @@ AnyOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3, M4 m4, M5 m5, M6 m6, M7 m7, M8 m8, M9 m9, M10 m10) { }\ name##MatcherP7(p0##_type gmock_p0, p1##_type gmock_p1, \ p2##_type gmock_p2, p3##_type gmock_p3, p4##_type gmock_p4, \ - p5##_type gmock_p5, p6##_type gmock_p6) : p0(gmock_p0), p1(gmock_p1), \ - p2(gmock_p2), p3(gmock_p3), p4(gmock_p4), p5(gmock_p5), \ - p6(gmock_p6) {\ + p5##_type gmock_p5, p6##_type gmock_p6) : p0(::std::move(gmock_p0)), \ + p1(::std::move(gmock_p1)), p2(::std::move(gmock_p2)), \ + p3(::std::move(gmock_p3)), p4(::std::move(gmock_p4)), \ + p5(::std::move(gmock_p5)), p6(::std::move(gmock_p6)) {\ }\ - p0##_type p0;\ - p1##_type p1;\ - p2##_type p2;\ - p3##_type p3;\ - p4##_type p4;\ - p5##_type p5;\ - p6##_type p6;\ + p0##_type const p0;\ + p1##_type const p1;\ + p2##_type const p2;\ + p3##_type const p3;\ + p4##_type const p4;\ + p5##_type const p5;\ + p6##_type const p6;\ private:\ - GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(name##MatcherP7);\ };\ template \ bool name##MatcherP7::gmock_Impl::MatchAndExplain(\ - arg_type arg, \ + GTEST_REFERENCE_TO_CONST_(arg_type) arg,\ ::testing::MatchResultListener* result_listener GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_)\ const @@ -1902,42 +804,46 @@ AnyOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3, M4 m4, M5 m5, M6 m6, M7 m7, M8 m8, M9 m9, M10 m10) { class name##MatcherP8 {\ public:\ template \ - class gmock_Impl : public ::testing::MatcherInterface {\ + class gmock_Impl : public ::testing::MatcherInterface<\ + GTEST_REFERENCE_TO_CONST_(arg_type)> {\ public:\ gmock_Impl(p0##_type gmock_p0, p1##_type gmock_p1, p2##_type gmock_p2, \ p3##_type gmock_p3, p4##_type gmock_p4, p5##_type gmock_p5, \ p6##_type gmock_p6, p7##_type gmock_p7)\ - : p0(gmock_p0), p1(gmock_p1), p2(gmock_p2), p3(gmock_p3), \ - p4(gmock_p4), p5(gmock_p5), p6(gmock_p6), p7(gmock_p7) {}\ + : p0(::std::move(gmock_p0)), p1(::std::move(gmock_p1)), \ + p2(::std::move(gmock_p2)), p3(::std::move(gmock_p3)), \ + p4(::std::move(gmock_p4)), p5(::std::move(gmock_p5)), \ + p6(::std::move(gmock_p6)), p7(::std::move(gmock_p7)) {}\ virtual bool MatchAndExplain(\ - arg_type arg, ::testing::MatchResultListener* result_listener) const;\ + GTEST_REFERENCE_TO_CONST_(arg_type) arg,\ + ::testing::MatchResultListener* result_listener) const;\ virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* gmock_os) const {\ *gmock_os << FormatDescription(false);\ }\ virtual void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* gmock_os) const {\ *gmock_os << FormatDescription(true);\ }\ - p0##_type p0;\ - p1##_type p1;\ - p2##_type p2;\ - p3##_type p3;\ - p4##_type p4;\ - p5##_type p5;\ - p6##_type p6;\ - p7##_type p7;\ + p0##_type const p0;\ + p1##_type const p1;\ + p2##_type const p2;\ + p3##_type const p3;\ + p4##_type const p4;\ + p5##_type const p5;\ + p6##_type const p6;\ + p7##_type const p7;\ private:\ - ::testing::internal::string FormatDescription(bool negation) const {\ - const ::testing::internal::string gmock_description = (description);\ - if (!gmock_description.empty())\ + ::std::string FormatDescription(bool negation) const {\ + ::std::string gmock_description = (description);\ + if (!gmock_description.empty()) {\ return gmock_description;\ + }\ return ::testing::internal::FormatMatcherDescription(\ negation, #name, \ ::testing::internal::UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(\ - ::testing::tuple(p0, p1, p2, \ p3, p4, p5, p6, p7)));\ }\ - GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(gmock_Impl);\ };\ template \ operator ::testing::Matcher() const {\ @@ -1947,20 +853,21 @@ AnyOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3, M4 m4, M5 m5, M6 m6, M7 m7, M8 m8, M9 m9, M10 m10) { name##MatcherP8(p0##_type gmock_p0, p1##_type gmock_p1, \ p2##_type gmock_p2, p3##_type gmock_p3, p4##_type gmock_p4, \ p5##_type gmock_p5, p6##_type gmock_p6, \ - p7##_type gmock_p7) : p0(gmock_p0), p1(gmock_p1), p2(gmock_p2), \ - p3(gmock_p3), p4(gmock_p4), p5(gmock_p5), p6(gmock_p6), \ - p7(gmock_p7) {\ + p7##_type gmock_p7) : p0(::std::move(gmock_p0)), \ + p1(::std::move(gmock_p1)), p2(::std::move(gmock_p2)), \ + p3(::std::move(gmock_p3)), p4(::std::move(gmock_p4)), \ + p5(::std::move(gmock_p5)), p6(::std::move(gmock_p6)), \ + p7(::std::move(gmock_p7)) {\ }\ - p0##_type p0;\ - p1##_type p1;\ - p2##_type p2;\ - p3##_type p3;\ - p4##_type p4;\ - p5##_type p5;\ - p6##_type p6;\ - p7##_type p7;\ + p0##_type const p0;\ + p1##_type const p1;\ + p2##_type const p2;\ + p3##_type const p3;\ + p4##_type const p4;\ + p5##_type const p5;\ + p6##_type const p6;\ + p7##_type const p7;\ private:\ - GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(name##MatcherP8);\ };\ template ::gmock_Impl::MatchAndExplain(\ - arg_type arg, \ + GTEST_REFERENCE_TO_CONST_(arg_type) arg,\ ::testing::MatchResultListener* result_listener GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_)\ const @@ -1991,44 +898,48 @@ AnyOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3, M4 m4, M5 m5, M6 m6, M7 m7, M8 m8, M9 m9, M10 m10) { class name##MatcherP9 {\ public:\ template \ - class gmock_Impl : public ::testing::MatcherInterface {\ + class gmock_Impl : public ::testing::MatcherInterface<\ + GTEST_REFERENCE_TO_CONST_(arg_type)> {\ public:\ gmock_Impl(p0##_type gmock_p0, p1##_type gmock_p1, p2##_type gmock_p2, \ p3##_type gmock_p3, p4##_type gmock_p4, p5##_type gmock_p5, \ p6##_type gmock_p6, p7##_type gmock_p7, p8##_type gmock_p8)\ - : p0(gmock_p0), p1(gmock_p1), p2(gmock_p2), p3(gmock_p3), \ - p4(gmock_p4), p5(gmock_p5), p6(gmock_p6), p7(gmock_p7), \ - p8(gmock_p8) {}\ + : p0(::std::move(gmock_p0)), p1(::std::move(gmock_p1)), \ + p2(::std::move(gmock_p2)), p3(::std::move(gmock_p3)), \ + p4(::std::move(gmock_p4)), p5(::std::move(gmock_p5)), \ + p6(::std::move(gmock_p6)), p7(::std::move(gmock_p7)), \ + p8(::std::move(gmock_p8)) {}\ virtual bool MatchAndExplain(\ - arg_type arg, ::testing::MatchResultListener* result_listener) const;\ + GTEST_REFERENCE_TO_CONST_(arg_type) arg,\ + ::testing::MatchResultListener* result_listener) const;\ virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* gmock_os) const {\ *gmock_os << FormatDescription(false);\ }\ virtual void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* gmock_os) const {\ *gmock_os << FormatDescription(true);\ }\ - p0##_type p0;\ - p1##_type p1;\ - p2##_type p2;\ - p3##_type p3;\ - p4##_type p4;\ - p5##_type p5;\ - p6##_type p6;\ - p7##_type p7;\ - p8##_type p8;\ + p0##_type const p0;\ + p1##_type const p1;\ + p2##_type const p2;\ + p3##_type const p3;\ + p4##_type const p4;\ + p5##_type const p5;\ + p6##_type const p6;\ + p7##_type const p7;\ + p8##_type const p8;\ private:\ - ::testing::internal::string FormatDescription(bool negation) const {\ - const ::testing::internal::string gmock_description = (description);\ - if (!gmock_description.empty())\ + ::std::string FormatDescription(bool negation) const {\ + ::std::string gmock_description = (description);\ + if (!gmock_description.empty()) {\ return gmock_description;\ + }\ return ::testing::internal::FormatMatcherDescription(\ negation, #name, \ ::testing::internal::UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(\ - ::testing::tuple(p0, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, p7, p8)));\ }\ - GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(gmock_Impl);\ };\ template \ operator ::testing::Matcher() const {\ @@ -2038,21 +949,22 @@ AnyOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3, M4 m4, M5 m5, M6 m6, M7 m7, M8 m8, M9 m9, M10 m10) { name##MatcherP9(p0##_type gmock_p0, p1##_type gmock_p1, \ p2##_type gmock_p2, p3##_type gmock_p3, p4##_type gmock_p4, \ p5##_type gmock_p5, p6##_type gmock_p6, p7##_type gmock_p7, \ - p8##_type gmock_p8) : p0(gmock_p0), p1(gmock_p1), p2(gmock_p2), \ - p3(gmock_p3), p4(gmock_p4), p5(gmock_p5), p6(gmock_p6), p7(gmock_p7), \ - p8(gmock_p8) {\ + p8##_type gmock_p8) : p0(::std::move(gmock_p0)), \ + p1(::std::move(gmock_p1)), p2(::std::move(gmock_p2)), \ + p3(::std::move(gmock_p3)), p4(::std::move(gmock_p4)), \ + p5(::std::move(gmock_p5)), p6(::std::move(gmock_p6)), \ + p7(::std::move(gmock_p7)), p8(::std::move(gmock_p8)) {\ }\ - p0##_type p0;\ - p1##_type p1;\ - p2##_type p2;\ - p3##_type p3;\ - p4##_type p4;\ - p5##_type p5;\ - p6##_type p6;\ - p7##_type p7;\ - p8##_type p8;\ + p0##_type const p0;\ + p1##_type const p1;\ + p2##_type const p2;\ + p3##_type const p3;\ + p4##_type const p4;\ + p5##_type const p5;\ + p6##_type const p6;\ + p7##_type const p7;\ + p8##_type const p8;\ private:\ - GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(name##MatcherP9);\ };\ template ::gmock_Impl::MatchAndExplain(\ - arg_type arg, \ + GTEST_REFERENCE_TO_CONST_(arg_type) arg,\ ::testing::MatchResultListener* result_listener GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_)\ const @@ -2085,46 +997,50 @@ AnyOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3, M4 m4, M5 m5, M6 m6, M7 m7, M8 m8, M9 m9, M10 m10) { class name##MatcherP10 {\ public:\ template \ - class gmock_Impl : public ::testing::MatcherInterface {\ + class gmock_Impl : public ::testing::MatcherInterface<\ + GTEST_REFERENCE_TO_CONST_(arg_type)> {\ public:\ gmock_Impl(p0##_type gmock_p0, p1##_type gmock_p1, p2##_type gmock_p2, \ p3##_type gmock_p3, p4##_type gmock_p4, p5##_type gmock_p5, \ p6##_type gmock_p6, p7##_type gmock_p7, p8##_type gmock_p8, \ p9##_type gmock_p9)\ - : p0(gmock_p0), p1(gmock_p1), p2(gmock_p2), p3(gmock_p3), \ - p4(gmock_p4), p5(gmock_p5), p6(gmock_p6), p7(gmock_p7), \ - p8(gmock_p8), p9(gmock_p9) {}\ + : p0(::std::move(gmock_p0)), p1(::std::move(gmock_p1)), \ + p2(::std::move(gmock_p2)), p3(::std::move(gmock_p3)), \ + p4(::std::move(gmock_p4)), p5(::std::move(gmock_p5)), \ + p6(::std::move(gmock_p6)), p7(::std::move(gmock_p7)), \ + p8(::std::move(gmock_p8)), p9(::std::move(gmock_p9)) {}\ virtual bool MatchAndExplain(\ - arg_type arg, ::testing::MatchResultListener* result_listener) const;\ + GTEST_REFERENCE_TO_CONST_(arg_type) arg,\ + ::testing::MatchResultListener* result_listener) const;\ virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* gmock_os) const {\ *gmock_os << FormatDescription(false);\ }\ virtual void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* gmock_os) const {\ *gmock_os << FormatDescription(true);\ }\ - p0##_type p0;\ - p1##_type p1;\ - p2##_type p2;\ - p3##_type p3;\ - p4##_type p4;\ - p5##_type p5;\ - p6##_type p6;\ - p7##_type p7;\ - p8##_type p8;\ - p9##_type p9;\ + p0##_type const p0;\ + p1##_type const p1;\ + p2##_type const p2;\ + p3##_type const p3;\ + p4##_type const p4;\ + p5##_type const p5;\ + p6##_type const p6;\ + p7##_type const p7;\ + p8##_type const p8;\ + p9##_type const p9;\ private:\ - ::testing::internal::string FormatDescription(bool negation) const {\ - const ::testing::internal::string gmock_description = (description);\ - if (!gmock_description.empty())\ + ::std::string FormatDescription(bool negation) const {\ + ::std::string gmock_description = (description);\ + if (!gmock_description.empty()) {\ return gmock_description;\ + }\ return ::testing::internal::FormatMatcherDescription(\ negation, #name, \ ::testing::internal::UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(\ - ::testing::tuple(p0, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, p7, p8, p9)));\ }\ - GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(gmock_Impl);\ };\ template \ operator ::testing::Matcher() const {\ @@ -2134,22 +1050,24 @@ AnyOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3, M4 m4, M5 m5, M6 m6, M7 m7, M8 m8, M9 m9, M10 m10) { name##MatcherP10(p0##_type gmock_p0, p1##_type gmock_p1, \ p2##_type gmock_p2, p3##_type gmock_p3, p4##_type gmock_p4, \ p5##_type gmock_p5, p6##_type gmock_p6, p7##_type gmock_p7, \ - p8##_type gmock_p8, p9##_type gmock_p9) : p0(gmock_p0), p1(gmock_p1), \ - p2(gmock_p2), p3(gmock_p3), p4(gmock_p4), p5(gmock_p5), p6(gmock_p6), \ - p7(gmock_p7), p8(gmock_p8), p9(gmock_p9) {\ + p8##_type gmock_p8, p9##_type gmock_p9) : p0(::std::move(gmock_p0)), \ + p1(::std::move(gmock_p1)), p2(::std::move(gmock_p2)), \ + p3(::std::move(gmock_p3)), p4(::std::move(gmock_p4)), \ + p5(::std::move(gmock_p5)), p6(::std::move(gmock_p6)), \ + p7(::std::move(gmock_p7)), p8(::std::move(gmock_p8)), \ + p9(::std::move(gmock_p9)) {\ }\ - p0##_type p0;\ - p1##_type p1;\ - p2##_type p2;\ - p3##_type p3;\ - p4##_type p4;\ - p5##_type p5;\ - p6##_type p6;\ - p7##_type p7;\ - p8##_type p8;\ - p9##_type p9;\ + p0##_type const p0;\ + p1##_type const p1;\ + p2##_type const p2;\ + p3##_type const p3;\ + p4##_type const p4;\ + p5##_type const p5;\ + p6##_type const p6;\ + p7##_type const p7;\ + p8##_type const p8;\ + p9##_type const p9;\ private:\ - GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(name##MatcherP10);\ };\ template ::gmock_Impl::MatchAndExplain(\ - arg_type arg, \ + GTEST_REFERENCE_TO_CONST_(arg_type) arg,\ ::testing::MatchResultListener* result_listener GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_)\ const diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-matchers.h.pump b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-matchers.h.pump index de30c2c..ae90917 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-matchers.h.pump +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-matchers.h.pump @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ $$ -*- mode: c++; -*- -$$ This is a Pump source file. Please use Pump to convert it to -$$ gmock-generated-actions.h. +$$ This is a Pump source file. Please use Pump to convert +$$ it to gmock-generated-matchers.h. $$ $var n = 10 $$ The maximum arity we support. $$ }} This line fixes auto-indentation of the following code in Emacs. @@ -37,343 +37,18 @@ $$ }} This line fixes auto-indentation of the following code in Emacs. // // This file implements some commonly used variadic matchers. +// GOOGLETEST_CM0002 DO NOT DELETE + #ifndef GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_GENERATED_MATCHERS_H_ #define GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_GENERATED_MATCHERS_H_ #include #include #include +#include #include #include "gmock/gmock-matchers.h" -namespace testing { -namespace internal { - -$range i 0..n-1 - -// The type of the i-th (0-based) field of Tuple. -#define GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, i) \ - typename ::testing::tuple_element::type - -// TupleFields is for selecting fields from a -// tuple of type Tuple. It has two members: -// -// type: a tuple type whose i-th field is the ki-th field of Tuple. -// GetSelectedFields(t): returns fields k0, ..., and kn of t as a tuple. -// -// For example, in class TupleFields, 2, 0>, we have: -// -// type is tuple, and -// GetSelectedFields(make_tuple(true, 'a', 42)) is (42, true). - -template -class TupleFields; - -// This generic version is used when there are $n selectors. -template -class TupleFields { - public: - typedef ::testing::tuple<$for i, [[GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k$i)]]> type; - static type GetSelectedFields(const Tuple& t) { - return type($for i, [[get(t)]]); - } -}; - -// The following specialization is used for 0 ~ $(n-1) selectors. - -$for i [[ -$$ }}} -$range j 0..i-1 -$range k 0..n-1 - -template -class TupleFields { - public: - typedef ::testing::tuple<$for j, [[GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k$j)]]> type; - static type GetSelectedFields(const Tuple& $if i==0 [[/* t */]] $else [[t]]) { - return type($for j, [[get(t)]]); - } -}; - -]] - -#undef GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_ - -// Implements the Args() matcher. - -$var ks = [[$for i, [[k$i]]]] -template -class ArgsMatcherImpl : public MatcherInterface { - public: - // ArgsTuple may have top-level const or reference modifiers. - typedef GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(ArgsTuple) RawArgsTuple; - typedef typename internal::TupleFields::type SelectedArgs; - typedef Matcher MonomorphicInnerMatcher; - - template - explicit ArgsMatcherImpl(const InnerMatcher& inner_matcher) - : inner_matcher_(SafeMatcherCast(inner_matcher)) {} - - virtual bool MatchAndExplain(ArgsTuple args, - MatchResultListener* listener) const { - const SelectedArgs& selected_args = GetSelectedArgs(args); - if (!listener->IsInterested()) - return inner_matcher_.Matches(selected_args); - - PrintIndices(listener->stream()); - *listener << "are " << PrintToString(selected_args); - - StringMatchResultListener inner_listener; - const bool match = inner_matcher_.MatchAndExplain(selected_args, - &inner_listener); - PrintIfNotEmpty(inner_listener.str(), listener->stream()); - return match; - } - - virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const { - *os << "are a tuple "; - PrintIndices(os); - inner_matcher_.DescribeTo(os); - } - - virtual void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const { - *os << "are a tuple "; - PrintIndices(os); - inner_matcher_.DescribeNegationTo(os); - } - - private: - static SelectedArgs GetSelectedArgs(ArgsTuple args) { - return TupleFields::GetSelectedFields(args); - } - - // Prints the indices of the selected fields. - static void PrintIndices(::std::ostream* os) { - *os << "whose fields ("; - const int indices[$n] = { $ks }; - for (int i = 0; i < $n; i++) { - if (indices[i] < 0) - break; - - if (i >= 1) - *os << ", "; - - *os << "#" << indices[i]; - } - *os << ") "; - } - - const MonomorphicInnerMatcher inner_matcher_; - - GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(ArgsMatcherImpl); -}; - -template -class ArgsMatcher { - public: - explicit ArgsMatcher(const InnerMatcher& inner_matcher) - : inner_matcher_(inner_matcher) {} - - template - operator Matcher() const { - return MakeMatcher(new ArgsMatcherImpl(inner_matcher_)); - } - - private: - const InnerMatcher inner_matcher_; - - GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(ArgsMatcher); -}; - -// A set of metafunctions for computing the result type of AllOf. -// AllOf(m1, ..., mN) returns -// AllOfResultN::type. - -// Although AllOf isn't defined for one argument, AllOfResult1 is defined -// to simplify the implementation. -template -struct AllOfResult1 { - typedef M1 type; -}; - -$range i 1..n - -$range i 2..n -$for i [[ -$range j 2..i -$var m = i/2 -$range k 1..m -$range t m+1..i - -template -struct AllOfResult$i { - typedef BothOfMatcher< - typename AllOfResult$m<$for k, [[M$k]]>::type, - typename AllOfResult$(i-m)<$for t, [[M$t]]>::type - > type; -}; - -]] - -// A set of metafunctions for computing the result type of AnyOf. -// AnyOf(m1, ..., mN) returns -// AnyOfResultN::type. - -// Although AnyOf isn't defined for one argument, AnyOfResult1 is defined -// to simplify the implementation. -template -struct AnyOfResult1 { - typedef M1 type; -}; - -$range i 1..n - -$range i 2..n -$for i [[ -$range j 2..i -$var m = i/2 -$range k 1..m -$range t m+1..i - -template -struct AnyOfResult$i { - typedef EitherOfMatcher< - typename AnyOfResult$m<$for k, [[M$k]]>::type, - typename AnyOfResult$(i-m)<$for t, [[M$t]]>::type - > type; -}; - -]] - -} // namespace internal - -// Args(a_matcher) matches a tuple if the selected -// fields of it matches a_matcher. C++ doesn't support default -// arguments for function templates, so we have to overload it. - -$range i 0..n -$for i [[ -$range j 1..i -template <$for j [[int k$j, ]]typename InnerMatcher> -inline internal::ArgsMatcher -Args(const InnerMatcher& matcher) { - return internal::ArgsMatcher(matcher); -} - - -]] -// ElementsAre(e_1, e_2, ... e_n) matches an STL-style container with -// n elements, where the i-th element in the container must -// match the i-th argument in the list. Each argument of -// ElementsAre() can be either a value or a matcher. We support up to -// $n arguments. -// -// The use of DecayArray in the implementation allows ElementsAre() -// to accept string literals, whose type is const char[N], but we -// want to treat them as const char*. -// -// NOTE: Since ElementsAre() cares about the order of the elements, it -// must not be used with containers whose elements's order is -// undefined (e.g. hash_map). - -$range i 0..n -$for i [[ - -$range j 1..i - -$if i>0 [[ - -template <$for j, [[typename T$j]]> -]] - -inline internal::ElementsAreMatcher< - ::testing::tuple< -$for j, [[ - - typename internal::DecayArray::type]]> > -ElementsAre($for j, [[const T$j& e$j]]) { - typedef ::testing::tuple< -$for j, [[ - - typename internal::DecayArray::type]]> Args; - return internal::ElementsAreMatcher(Args($for j, [[e$j]])); -} - -]] - -// UnorderedElementsAre(e_1, e_2, ..., e_n) is an ElementsAre extension -// that matches n elements in any order. We support up to n=$n arguments. - -$range i 0..n -$for i [[ - -$range j 1..i - -$if i>0 [[ - -template <$for j, [[typename T$j]]> -]] - -inline internal::UnorderedElementsAreMatcher< - ::testing::tuple< -$for j, [[ - - typename internal::DecayArray::type]]> > -UnorderedElementsAre($for j, [[const T$j& e$j]]) { - typedef ::testing::tuple< -$for j, [[ - - typename internal::DecayArray::type]]> Args; - return internal::UnorderedElementsAreMatcher(Args($for j, [[e$j]])); -} - -]] - -// AllOf(m1, m2, ..., mk) matches any value that matches all of the given -// sub-matchers. AllOf is called fully qualified to prevent ADL from firing. - -$range i 2..n -$for i [[ -$range j 1..i -$var m = i/2 -$range k 1..m -$range t m+1..i - -template <$for j, [[typename M$j]]> -inline typename internal::AllOfResult$i<$for j, [[M$j]]>::type -AllOf($for j, [[M$j m$j]]) { - return typename internal::AllOfResult$i<$for j, [[M$j]]>::type( - $if m == 1 [[m1]] $else [[::testing::AllOf($for k, [[m$k]])]], - $if m+1 == i [[m$i]] $else [[::testing::AllOf($for t, [[m$t]])]]); -} - -]] - -// AnyOf(m1, m2, ..., mk) matches any value that matches any of the given -// sub-matchers. AnyOf is called fully qualified to prevent ADL from firing. - -$range i 2..n -$for i [[ -$range j 1..i -$var m = i/2 -$range k 1..m -$range t m+1..i - -template <$for j, [[typename M$j]]> -inline typename internal::AnyOfResult$i<$for j, [[M$j]]>::type -AnyOf($for j, [[M$j m$j]]) { - return typename internal::AnyOfResult$i<$for j, [[M$j]]>::type( - $if m == 1 [[m1]] $else [[::testing::AnyOf($for k, [[m$k]])]], - $if m+1 == i [[m$i]] $else [[::testing::AnyOf($for t, [[m$t]])]]); -} - -]] - -} // namespace testing -$$ } // This Pump meta comment fixes auto-indentation in Emacs. It will not -$$ // show up in the generated code. - - // The MATCHER* family of macros can be used in a namespace scope to // define custom matchers easily. // @@ -479,7 +154,7 @@ $$ // show up in the generated code. // using testing::PrintToString; // // MATCHER_P2(InClosedRange, low, hi, -// string(negation ? "is not" : "is") + " in range [" + +// std::string(negation ? "is not" : "is") + " in range [" + // PrintToString(low) + ", " + PrintToString(hi) + "]") { // return low <= arg && arg <= hi; // } @@ -577,17 +252,15 @@ $$ // show up in the generated code. // overloading matchers based on parameter types (as opposed to just // based on the number of parameters). // -// MATCHER*() can only be used in a namespace scope. The reason is -// that C++ doesn't yet allow function-local types to be used to -// instantiate templates. The up-coming C++0x standard will fix this. -// Once that's done, we'll consider supporting using MATCHER*() inside -// a function. +// MATCHER*() can only be used in a namespace scope as templates cannot be +// declared inside of a local class. // // More Information // ================ // // To learn more about using these macros, please search for 'MATCHER' -// on http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/CookBook. +// on +// https://github.com/google/googletest/blob/master/googlemock/docs/cook_book.md $range i 0..n $for i @@ -604,32 +277,34 @@ $var template = [[$if i==0 [[]] $else [[ ]]]] $var ctor_param_list = [[$for j, [[p$j##_type gmock_p$j]]]] $var impl_ctor_param_list = [[$for j, [[p$j##_type gmock_p$j]]]] -$var impl_inits = [[$if i==0 [[]] $else [[ : $for j, [[p$j(gmock_p$j)]]]]]] -$var inits = [[$if i==0 [[]] $else [[ : $for j, [[p$j(gmock_p$j)]]]]]] +$var impl_inits = [[$if i==0 [[]] $else [[ : $for j, [[p$j(::std::move(gmock_p$j))]]]]]] +$var inits = [[$if i==0 [[]] $else [[ : $for j, [[p$j(::std::move(gmock_p$j))]]]]]] $var params = [[$for j, [[p$j]]]] $var param_types = [[$if i==0 [[]] $else [[<$for j, [[p$j##_type]]>]]]] $var param_types_and_names = [[$for j, [[p$j##_type p$j]]]] $var param_field_decls = [[$for j [[ - p$j##_type p$j;\ + p$j##_type const p$j;\ ]]]] $var param_field_decls2 = [[$for j [[ - p$j##_type p$j;\ + p$j##_type const p$j;\ ]]]] #define $macro_name(name$for j [[, p$j]], description)\$template class $class_name {\ public:\ template \ - class gmock_Impl : public ::testing::MatcherInterface {\ + class gmock_Impl : public ::testing::MatcherInterface<\ + GTEST_REFERENCE_TO_CONST_(arg_type)> {\ public:\ [[$if i==1 [[explicit ]]]]gmock_Impl($impl_ctor_param_list)\ $impl_inits {}\ virtual bool MatchAndExplain(\ - arg_type arg, ::testing::MatchResultListener* result_listener) const;\ + GTEST_REFERENCE_TO_CONST_(arg_type) arg,\ + ::testing::MatchResultListener* result_listener) const;\ virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* gmock_os) const {\ *gmock_os << FormatDescription(false);\ }\ @@ -637,16 +312,16 @@ $var param_field_decls2 = [[$for j *gmock_os << FormatDescription(true);\ }\$param_field_decls private:\ - ::testing::internal::string FormatDescription(bool negation) const {\ - const ::testing::internal::string gmock_description = (description);\ - if (!gmock_description.empty())\ + ::std::string FormatDescription(bool negation) const {\ + ::std::string gmock_description = (description);\ + if (!gmock_description.empty()) {\ return gmock_description;\ + }\ return ::testing::internal::FormatMatcherDescription(\ negation, #name, \ ::testing::internal::UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(\ - ::testing::tuple<$for j, [[p$j##_type]]>($for j, [[p$j]])));\ + ::std::tuple<$for j, [[p$j##_type]]>($for j, [[p$j]])));\ }\ - GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(gmock_Impl);\ };\ template \ operator ::testing::Matcher() const {\ @@ -656,14 +331,13 @@ $var param_field_decls2 = [[$for j [[$if i==1 [[explicit ]]]]$class_name($ctor_param_list)$inits {\ }\$param_field_decls2 private:\ - GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_($class_name);\ };\$template inline $class_name$param_types name($param_types_and_names) {\ return $class_name$param_types($params);\ }\$template template \ bool $class_name$param_types::gmock_Impl::MatchAndExplain(\ - arg_type arg, \ + GTEST_REFERENCE_TO_CONST_(arg_type) arg,\ ::testing::MatchResultListener* result_listener GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_)\ const ]] diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-nice-strict.h b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-nice-strict.h deleted file mode 100644 index 4095f4d..0000000 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-nice-strict.h +++ /dev/null @@ -1,397 +0,0 @@ -// This file was GENERATED by command: -// pump.py gmock-generated-nice-strict.h.pump -// DO NOT EDIT BY HAND!!! - -// Copyright 2008, Google Inc. -// All rights reserved. -// -// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without -// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are -// met: -// -// * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright -// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. -// * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above -// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer -// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the -// distribution. -// * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its -// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from -// this software without specific prior written permission. -// -// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS -// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT -// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR -// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT -// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, -// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT -// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, -// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY -// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT -// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE -// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. -// -// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan) - -// Implements class templates NiceMock, NaggyMock, and StrictMock. -// -// Given a mock class MockFoo that is created using Google Mock, -// NiceMock is a subclass of MockFoo that allows -// uninteresting calls (i.e. calls to mock methods that have no -// EXPECT_CALL specs), NaggyMock is a subclass of MockFoo -// that prints a warning when an uninteresting call occurs, and -// StrictMock is a subclass of MockFoo that treats all -// uninteresting calls as errors. -// -// Currently a mock is naggy by default, so MockFoo and -// NaggyMock behave like the same. However, we will soon -// switch the default behavior of mocks to be nice, as that in general -// leads to more maintainable tests. When that happens, MockFoo will -// stop behaving like NaggyMock and start behaving like -// NiceMock. -// -// NiceMock, NaggyMock, and StrictMock "inherit" the constructors of -// their respective base class, with up-to 10 arguments. Therefore -// you can write NiceMock(5, "a") to construct a nice mock -// where MockFoo has a constructor that accepts (int, const char*), -// for example. -// -// A known limitation is that NiceMock, NaggyMock, -// and StrictMock only works for mock methods defined using -// the MOCK_METHOD* family of macros DIRECTLY in the MockFoo class. -// If a mock method is defined in a base class of MockFoo, the "nice" -// or "strict" modifier may not affect it, depending on the compiler. -// In particular, nesting NiceMock, NaggyMock, and StrictMock is NOT -// supported. -// -// Another known limitation is that the constructors of the base mock -// cannot have arguments passed by non-const reference, which are -// banned by the Google C++ style guide anyway. - -#ifndef GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_GENERATED_NICE_STRICT_H_ -#define GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_GENERATED_NICE_STRICT_H_ - -#include "gmock/gmock-spec-builders.h" -#include "gmock/internal/gmock-port.h" - -namespace testing { - -template -class NiceMock : public MockClass { - public: - // We don't factor out the constructor body to a common method, as - // we have to avoid a possible clash with members of MockClass. - NiceMock() { - ::testing::Mock::AllowUninterestingCalls( - internal::ImplicitCast_(this)); - } - - // C++ doesn't (yet) allow inheritance of constructors, so we have - // to define it for each arity. - template - explicit NiceMock(const A1& a1) : MockClass(a1) { - ::testing::Mock::AllowUninterestingCalls( - internal::ImplicitCast_(this)); - } - template - NiceMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2) : MockClass(a1, a2) { - ::testing::Mock::AllowUninterestingCalls( - internal::ImplicitCast_(this)); - } - - template - NiceMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3) { - ::testing::Mock::AllowUninterestingCalls( - internal::ImplicitCast_(this)); - } - - template - NiceMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, - const A4& a4) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3, a4) { - ::testing::Mock::AllowUninterestingCalls( - internal::ImplicitCast_(this)); - } - - template - NiceMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4, - const A5& a5) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5) { - ::testing::Mock::AllowUninterestingCalls( - internal::ImplicitCast_(this)); - } - - template - NiceMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4, - const A5& a5, const A6& a6) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6) { - ::testing::Mock::AllowUninterestingCalls( - internal::ImplicitCast_(this)); - } - - template - NiceMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4, - const A5& a5, const A6& a6, const A7& a7) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, - a6, a7) { - ::testing::Mock::AllowUninterestingCalls( - internal::ImplicitCast_(this)); - } - - template - NiceMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4, - const A5& a5, const A6& a6, const A7& a7, const A8& a8) : MockClass(a1, - a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8) { - ::testing::Mock::AllowUninterestingCalls( - internal::ImplicitCast_(this)); - } - - template - NiceMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4, - const A5& a5, const A6& a6, const A7& a7, const A8& a8, - const A9& a9) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, a9) { - ::testing::Mock::AllowUninterestingCalls( - internal::ImplicitCast_(this)); - } - - template - NiceMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4, - const A5& a5, const A6& a6, const A7& a7, const A8& a8, const A9& a9, - const A10& a10) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, a9, a10) { - ::testing::Mock::AllowUninterestingCalls( - internal::ImplicitCast_(this)); - } - - virtual ~NiceMock() { - ::testing::Mock::UnregisterCallReaction( - internal::ImplicitCast_(this)); - } - - private: - GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(NiceMock); -}; - -template -class NaggyMock : public MockClass { - public: - // We don't factor out the constructor body to a common method, as - // we have to avoid a possible clash with members of MockClass. - NaggyMock() { - ::testing::Mock::WarnUninterestingCalls( - internal::ImplicitCast_(this)); - } - - // C++ doesn't (yet) allow inheritance of constructors, so we have - // to define it for each arity. - template - explicit NaggyMock(const A1& a1) : MockClass(a1) { - ::testing::Mock::WarnUninterestingCalls( - internal::ImplicitCast_(this)); - } - template - NaggyMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2) : MockClass(a1, a2) { - ::testing::Mock::WarnUninterestingCalls( - internal::ImplicitCast_(this)); - } - - template - NaggyMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3) { - ::testing::Mock::WarnUninterestingCalls( - internal::ImplicitCast_(this)); - } - - template - NaggyMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, - const A4& a4) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3, a4) { - ::testing::Mock::WarnUninterestingCalls( - internal::ImplicitCast_(this)); - } - - template - NaggyMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4, - const A5& a5) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5) { - ::testing::Mock::WarnUninterestingCalls( - internal::ImplicitCast_(this)); - } - - template - NaggyMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4, - const A5& a5, const A6& a6) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6) { - ::testing::Mock::WarnUninterestingCalls( - internal::ImplicitCast_(this)); - } - - template - NaggyMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4, - const A5& a5, const A6& a6, const A7& a7) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, - a6, a7) { - ::testing::Mock::WarnUninterestingCalls( - internal::ImplicitCast_(this)); - } - - template - NaggyMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4, - const A5& a5, const A6& a6, const A7& a7, const A8& a8) : MockClass(a1, - a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8) { - ::testing::Mock::WarnUninterestingCalls( - internal::ImplicitCast_(this)); - } - - template - NaggyMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4, - const A5& a5, const A6& a6, const A7& a7, const A8& a8, - const A9& a9) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, a9) { - ::testing::Mock::WarnUninterestingCalls( - internal::ImplicitCast_(this)); - } - - template - NaggyMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4, - const A5& a5, const A6& a6, const A7& a7, const A8& a8, const A9& a9, - const A10& a10) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, a9, a10) { - ::testing::Mock::WarnUninterestingCalls( - internal::ImplicitCast_(this)); - } - - virtual ~NaggyMock() { - ::testing::Mock::UnregisterCallReaction( - internal::ImplicitCast_(this)); - } - - private: - GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(NaggyMock); -}; - -template -class StrictMock : public MockClass { - public: - // We don't factor out the constructor body to a common method, as - // we have to avoid a possible clash with members of MockClass. - StrictMock() { - ::testing::Mock::FailUninterestingCalls( - internal::ImplicitCast_(this)); - } - - // C++ doesn't (yet) allow inheritance of constructors, so we have - // to define it for each arity. - template - explicit StrictMock(const A1& a1) : MockClass(a1) { - ::testing::Mock::FailUninterestingCalls( - internal::ImplicitCast_(this)); - } - template - StrictMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2) : MockClass(a1, a2) { - ::testing::Mock::FailUninterestingCalls( - internal::ImplicitCast_(this)); - } - - template - StrictMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3) { - ::testing::Mock::FailUninterestingCalls( - internal::ImplicitCast_(this)); - } - - template - StrictMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, - const A4& a4) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3, a4) { - ::testing::Mock::FailUninterestingCalls( - internal::ImplicitCast_(this)); - } - - template - StrictMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4, - const A5& a5) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5) { - ::testing::Mock::FailUninterestingCalls( - internal::ImplicitCast_(this)); - } - - template - StrictMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4, - const A5& a5, const A6& a6) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6) { - ::testing::Mock::FailUninterestingCalls( - internal::ImplicitCast_(this)); - } - - template - StrictMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4, - const A5& a5, const A6& a6, const A7& a7) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, - a6, a7) { - ::testing::Mock::FailUninterestingCalls( - internal::ImplicitCast_(this)); - } - - template - StrictMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4, - const A5& a5, const A6& a6, const A7& a7, const A8& a8) : MockClass(a1, - a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8) { - ::testing::Mock::FailUninterestingCalls( - internal::ImplicitCast_(this)); - } - - template - StrictMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4, - const A5& a5, const A6& a6, const A7& a7, const A8& a8, - const A9& a9) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, a9) { - ::testing::Mock::FailUninterestingCalls( - internal::ImplicitCast_(this)); - } - - template - StrictMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4, - const A5& a5, const A6& a6, const A7& a7, const A8& a8, const A9& a9, - const A10& a10) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, a9, a10) { - ::testing::Mock::FailUninterestingCalls( - internal::ImplicitCast_(this)); - } - - virtual ~StrictMock() { - ::testing::Mock::UnregisterCallReaction( - internal::ImplicitCast_(this)); - } - - private: - GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(StrictMock); -}; - -// The following specializations catch some (relatively more common) -// user errors of nesting nice and strict mocks. They do NOT catch -// all possible errors. - -// These specializations are declared but not defined, as NiceMock, -// NaggyMock, and StrictMock cannot be nested. - -template -class NiceMock >; -template -class NiceMock >; -template -class NiceMock >; - -template -class NaggyMock >; -template -class NaggyMock >; -template -class NaggyMock >; - -template -class StrictMock >; -template -class StrictMock >; -template -class StrictMock >; - -} // namespace testing - -#endif // GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_GENERATED_NICE_STRICT_H_ diff --git a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-matchers.h b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-matchers.h index 33b37a7..28e188b 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-matchers.h +++ b/vendor/github.com/google/googletest/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-matchers.h @@ -26,36 +26,50 @@ // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. -// -// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan) + // Google Mock - a framework for writing C++ mock classes. // // This file implements some commonly used argument matchers. More // matchers can be defined by the user implementing the // MatcherInterface interface if necessary. +// +// See googletest/include/gtest/gtest-matchers.h for the definition of class +// Matcher, class MatcherInterface, and others. + +// GOOGLETEST_CM0002 DO NOT DELETE #ifndef GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_MATCHERS_H_ #define GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_MATCHERS_H_ #include #include +#include #include #include +#include #include // NOLINT #include #include +#include #include #include - #include "gmock/internal/gmock-internal-utils.h" #include "gmock/internal/gmock-port.h" #include "gtest/gtest.h" -#if GTEST_HAS_STD_INITIALIZER_LIST_ -# include // NOLINT -- must be after gtest.h +// MSVC warning C5046 is new as of VS2017 version 15.8. +#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1915 +#define GMOCK_MAYBE_5046_ 5046 +#else +#define GMOCK_MAYBE_5046_ #endif +GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_( + 4251 GMOCK_MAYBE_5046_ /* class A needs to have dll-interface to be used by + clients of class B */ + /* Symbol involving type with internal linkage not defined */) + namespace testing { // To implement a matcher Foo for type T, define: @@ -70,123 +84,13 @@ namespace testing { // ownership management as Matcher objects can now be copied like // plain values. -// MatchResultListener is an abstract class. Its << operator can be -// used by a matcher to explain why a value matches or doesn't match. -// -// TODO(wan@google.com): add method -// bool InterestedInWhy(bool result) const; -// to indicate whether the listener is interested in why the match -// result is 'result'. -class MatchResultListener { - public: - // Creates a listener object with the given underlying ostream. The - // listener does not own the ostream, and does not dereference it - // in the constructor or destructor. - explicit MatchResultListener(::std::ostream* os) : stream_(os) {} - virtual ~MatchResultListener() = 0; // Makes this class abstract. - - // Streams x to the underlying ostream; does nothing if the ostream - // is NULL. - template - MatchResultListener& operator<<(const T& x) { - if (stream_ != NULL) - *stream_ << x; - return *this; - } - - // Returns the underlying ostream. - ::std::ostream* stream() { return stream_; } - - // Returns true iff the listener is interested in an explanation of - // the match result. A matcher's MatchAndExplain() method can use - // this information to avoid generating the explanation when no one - // intends to hear it. - bool IsInterested() const { return stream_ != NULL; } - - private: - ::std::ostream* const stream_; - - GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(MatchResultListener); -}; - -inline MatchResultListener::~MatchResultListener() { -} - -// An instance of a subclass of this knows how to describe itself as a -// matcher. -class MatcherDescriberInterface { - public: - virtual ~MatcherDescriberInterface() {} - - // Describes this matcher to an ostream. The function should print - // a verb phrase that describes the property a value matching this - // matcher should have. The subject of the verb phrase is the value - // being matched. For example, the DescribeTo() method of the Gt(7) - // matcher prints "is greater than 7". - virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const = 0; - - // Describes the negation of this matcher to an ostream. For - // example, if the description of this matcher is "is greater than - // 7", the negated description could be "is not greater than 7". - // You are not required to override this when implementing - // MatcherInterface, but it is highly advised so that your matcher - // can produce good error messages. - virtual void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const { - *os << "not ("; - DescribeTo(os); - *os << ")"; - } -}; - -// The implementation of a matcher. -template -class MatcherInterface : public MatcherDescriberInterface { - public: - // Returns true iff the matcher matches x; also explains the match - // result to 'listener' if necessary (see the next paragraph), in - // the form of a non-restrictive relative clause ("which ...", - // "whose ...", etc) that describes x. For example, the - // MatchAndExplain() method of the Pointee(...) matcher should - // generate an explanation like "which points to ...". - // - // Implementations of MatchAndExplain() should add an explanation of - // the match result *if and only if* they can provide additional - // information that's not already present (or not obvious) in the - // print-out of x and the matcher's description. Whether the match - // succeeds is not a factor in deciding whether an explanation is - // needed, as sometimes the caller needs to print a failure message - // when the match succeeds (e.g. when the matcher is used inside - // Not()). - // - // For example, a "has at least 10 elements" matcher should explain - // what the actual element count is, regardless of the match result, - // as it is useful information to the reader; on the other hand, an - // "is empty" matcher probably only needs to explain what the actual - // size is when the match fails, as it's redundant to say that the - // size is 0 when the value is already known to be empty. - // - // You should override this method when defining a new matcher. - // - // It's the responsibility of the caller (Google Mock) to guarantee - // that 'listener' is not NULL. This helps to simplify a matcher's - // implementation when it doesn't care about the performance, as it - // can talk to 'listener' without checking its validity first. - // However, in order to implement dummy listeners efficiently, - // listener->stream() may be NULL. - virtual bool MatchAndExplain(T x, MatchResultListener* listener) const = 0; - - // Inherits these methods from MatcherDescriberInterface: - // virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const = 0; - // virtual void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const; -}; - // A match result listener that stores the explanation in a string. class StringMatchResultListener : public MatchResultListener { public: StringMatchResultListener() : MatchResultListener(&ss_) {} // Returns the explanation accumulated so far. - internal::string str() const { return ss_.str(); } + std::string str() const { return ss_.str(); } // Clears the explanation accumulated so far. void Clear() { ss_.str(""); } @@ -197,306 +101,6 @@ class StringMatchResultListener : public MatchResultListener { GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(StringMatchResultListener); }; -namespace internal { - -struct AnyEq { - template - bool operator()(const A& a, const B& b) const { return a == b; } -}; -struct AnyNe { - template - bool operator()(const A& a, const B& b) const { return a != b; } -}; -struct AnyLt { - template - bool operator()(const A& a, const B& b) const { return a < b; } -}; -struct AnyGt { - template - bool operator()(const A& a, const B& b) const { return a > b; } -}; -struct AnyLe { - template - bool operator()(const A& a, const B& b) const { return a <= b; } -}; -struct AnyGe { - template - bool operator()(const A& a, const B& b) const { return a >= b; } -}; - -// A match result listener that ignores the explanation. -class DummyMatchResultListener : public MatchResultListener { - public: - DummyMatchResultListener() : MatchResultListener(NULL) {} - - private: - GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(DummyMatchResultListener); -}; - -// A match result listener that forwards the explanation to a given -// ostream. The difference between this and MatchResultListener is -// that the former is concrete. -class StreamMatchResultListener : public MatchResultListener { - public: - explicit StreamMatchResultListener(::std::ostream* os) - : MatchResultListener(os) {} - - private: - GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(StreamMatchResultListener); -}; - -// An internal class for implementing Matcher, which will derive -// from it. We put functionalities common to all Matcher -// specializations here to avoid code duplication. -template -class MatcherBase { - public: - // Returns true iff the matcher matches x; also explains the match - // result to 'listener'. - bool MatchAndExplain(T x, MatchResultListener* listener) const { - return impl_->MatchAndExplain(x, listener); - } - - // Returns true iff this matcher matches x. - bool Matches(T x) const { - DummyMatchResultListener dummy; - return MatchAndExplain(x, &dummy); - } - - // Describes this matcher to an ostream. - void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const { impl_->DescribeTo(os); } - - // Describes the negation of this matcher to an ostream. - void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const { - impl_->DescribeNegationTo(os); - } - - // Explains why x matches, or doesn't match, the matcher. - void ExplainMatchResultTo(T x, ::std::ostream* os) const { - StreamMatchResultListener listener(os); - MatchAndExplain(x, &listener); - } - - // Returns the describer for this matcher object; retains ownership - // of the describer, which is only guaranteed to be alive when - // this matcher object is alive. - const MatcherDescriberInterface* GetDescriber() const { - return impl_.get(); - } - - protected: - MatcherBase() {} - - // Constructs a matcher from its implementation. - explicit MatcherBase(const MatcherInterface* impl) - : impl_(impl) {} - - virtual ~MatcherBase() {} - - private: - // shared_ptr (util/gtl/shared_ptr.h) and linked_ptr have similar - // interfaces. The former dynamically allocates a chunk of memory - // to hold the reference count, while the latter tracks all - // references using a circular linked list without allocating - // memory. It has been observed that linked_ptr performs better in - // typical scenarios. However, shared_ptr can out-perform - // linked_ptr when there are many more uses of the copy constructor - // than the default constructor. - // - // If performance becomes a problem, we should see if using - // shared_ptr helps. - ::testing::internal::linked_ptr > impl_; -}; - -} // namespace internal - -// A Matcher is a copyable and IMMUTABLE (except by assignment) -// object that can check whether a value of type T matches. The -// implementation of Matcher is just a linked_ptr to const -// MatcherInterface, so copying is fairly cheap. Don't inherit -// from Matcher! -template -class Matcher : public internal::MatcherBase { - public: - // Constructs a null matcher. Needed for storing Matcher objects in STL - // containers. A default-constructed matcher is not yet initialized. You - // cannot use it until a valid value has been assigned to it. - explicit Matcher() {} // NOLINT - - // Constructs a matcher from its implementation. - explicit Matcher(const MatcherInterface* impl) - : internal::MatcherBase(impl) {} - - // Implicit constructor here allows people to write - // EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(5)) instead of EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(Eq(5))) sometimes - Matcher(T value); // NOLINT -}; - -// The following two specializations allow the user to write str -// instead of Eq(str) and "foo" instead of Eq("foo") when a string -// matcher is expected. -template <> -class GTEST_API_ Matcher - : public internal::MatcherBase { - public: - Matcher() {} - - explicit Matcher(const MatcherInterface* impl) - : internal::MatcherBase(impl) {} - - // Allows the user to write str instead of Eq(str) sometimes, where - // str is a string object. - Matcher(const internal::string& s); // NOLINT - - // Allows the user to write "foo" instead of Eq("foo") sometimes. - Matcher(const char* s); // NOLINT -}; - -template <> -class GTEST_API_ Matcher - : public internal::MatcherBase { - public: - Matcher() {} - - explicit Matcher(const MatcherInterface* impl) - : internal::MatcherBase(impl) {} - - // Allows the user to write str instead of Eq(str) sometimes, where - // str is a string object. - Matcher(const internal::string& s); // NOLINT - - // Allows the user to write "foo" instead of Eq("foo") sometimes. - Matcher(const char* s); // NOLINT -}; - -#if GTEST_HAS_STRING_PIECE_ -// The following two specializations allow the user to write str -// instead of Eq(str) and "foo" instead of Eq("foo") when a StringPiece -// matcher is expected. -template <> -class GTEST_API_ Matcher - : public internal::MatcherBase { - public: - Matcher() {} - - explicit Matcher(const MatcherInterface* impl) - : internal::MatcherBase(impl) {} - - // Allows the user to write str instead of Eq(str) sometimes, where - // str is a string object. - Matcher(const internal::string& s); // NOLINT - - // Allows the user to write "foo" instead of Eq("foo") sometimes. - Matcher(const char* s); // NOLINT - - // Allows the user to pass StringPieces directly. - Matcher(StringPiece s); // NOLINT -}; - -template <> -class GTEST_API_ Matcher - : public internal::MatcherBase { - public: - Matcher() {} - - explicit Matcher(const MatcherInterface* impl) - : internal::MatcherBase(impl) {} - - // Allows the user to write str instead of Eq(str) sometimes, where - // str is a string object. - Matcher(const internal::string& s); // NOLINT - - // Allows the user to write "foo" instead of Eq("foo") sometimes. - Matcher(const char* s); // NOLINT - - // Allows the user to pass StringPieces directly. - Matcher(StringPiece s); // NOLINT -}; -#endif // GTEST_HAS_STRING_PIECE_ - -// The PolymorphicMatcher class template makes it easy to implement a -// polymorphic matcher (i.e. a matcher that can match values of more -// than one type, e.g. Eq(n) and NotNull()). -// -// To define a polymorphic matcher, a user should provide an Impl -// class that has a DescribeTo() method and a DescribeNegationTo() -// method, and define a member function (or member function template) -// -// bool MatchAndExplain(const Value& value, -// MatchResultListener* listener) const; -// -// See the definition of NotNull() for a complete example. -template -class PolymorphicMatcher { - public: - explicit PolymorphicMatcher(const Impl& an_impl) : impl_(an_impl) {} - - // Returns a mutable reference to the underlying matcher - // implementation object. - Impl& mutable_impl() { return impl_; } - - // Returns an immutable reference to the underlying matcher - // implementation object. - const Impl& impl() const { return impl_; } - - template - operator Matcher() const { - return Matcher(new MonomorphicImpl(impl_)); - } - - private: - template - class MonomorphicImpl : public MatcherInterface { - public: - explicit MonomorphicImpl(const Impl& impl) : impl_(impl) {} - - virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const { - impl_.DescribeTo(os); - } - - virtual void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const { - impl_.DescribeNegationTo(os); - } - - virtual bool MatchAndExplain(T x, MatchResultListener* listener) const { - return impl_.MatchAndExplain(x, listener); - } - - private: - const Impl impl_; - - GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(MonomorphicImpl); - }; - - Impl impl_; - - GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(PolymorphicMatcher); -}; - -// Creates a matcher from its implementation. This is easier to use -// than the Matcher constructor as it doesn't require you to -// explicitly write the template argument, e.g. -// -// MakeMatcher(foo); -// vs -// Matcher(foo); -template -inline Matcher MakeMatcher(const MatcherInterface* impl) { - return Matcher(impl); -} - -// Creates a polymorphic matcher from its implementation. This is -// easier to use than the PolymorphicMatcher constructor as it -// doesn't require you to explicitly write the template argument, e.g. -// -// MakePolymorphicMatcher(foo); -// vs -// PolymorphicMatcher(foo); -template -inline PolymorphicMatcher MakePolymorphicMatcher(const Impl& impl) { - return PolymorphicMatcher(impl); -} - // Anything inside the 'internal' namespace IS INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION // and MUST NOT BE USED IN USER CODE!!! namespace internal { @@ -515,7 +119,7 @@ template class MatcherCastImpl { public: static Matcher Cast(const M& polymorphic_matcher_or_value) { - // M can be a polymorhic matcher, in which case we want to use + // M can be a polymorphic matcher, in which case we want to use // its conversion operator to create Matcher. Or it can be a value // that should be passed to the Matcher's constructor. // @@ -528,24 +132,18 @@ class MatcherCastImpl { // polymorphic_matcher_or_value to Matcher because it won't trigger // a user-defined conversion from M to T if one exists (assuming M is // a value). - return CastImpl( - polymorphic_matcher_or_value, - BooleanConstant< - internal::ImplicitlyConvertible >::value>()); + return CastImpl(polymorphic_matcher_or_value, + std::is_convertible>{}, + std::is_convertible{}); } private: - static Matcher CastImpl(const M& value, BooleanConstant) { - // M can't be implicitly converted to Matcher, so M isn't a polymorphic - // matcher. It must be a value then. Use direct initialization to create - // a matcher. - return Matcher(ImplicitCast_(value)); - } - + template static Matcher CastImpl(const M& polymorphic_matcher_or_value, - BooleanConstant) { + std::true_type /* convertible_to_matcher */, + bool_constant) { // M is implicitly convertible to Matcher, which means that either - // M is a polymorhpic matcher or Matcher has an implicit constructor + // M is a polymorphic matcher or Matcher has an implicit constructor // from M. In both cases using the implicit conversion will produce a // matcher. // @@ -554,6 +152,29 @@ class MatcherCastImpl { // (first to create T from M and then to create Matcher from T). return polymorphic_matcher_or_value; } + + // M can't be implicitly converted to Matcher, so M isn't a polymorphic + // matcher. It's a value of a type implicitly convertible to T. Use direct + // initialization to create a matcher. + static Matcher CastImpl(const M& value, + std::false_type /* convertible_to_matcher */, + std::true_type /* convertible_to_T */) { + return Matcher(ImplicitCast_(value)); + } + + // M can't be implicitly converted to either Matcher or T. Attempt to use + // polymorphic matcher Eq(value) in this case. + // + // Note that we first attempt to perform an implicit cast on the value and + // only fall back to the polymorphic Eq() matcher afterwards because the + // latter calls bool operator==(const Lhs& lhs, const Rhs& rhs) in the end + // which might be undefined even when Rhs is implicitly convertible to Lhs + // (e.g. std::pair vs. std::pair). + // + // We don't define this method inline as we need the declaration of Eq(). + static Matcher CastImpl(const M& value, + std::false_type /* convertible_to_matcher */, + std::false_type /* convertible_to_T */); }; // This more specialized version is used when MatcherCast()'s argument @@ -573,15 +194,29 @@ class MatcherCastImpl > { : source_matcher_(source_matcher) {} // We delegate the matching logic to the source matcher. - virtual bool MatchAndExplain(T x, MatchResultListener* listener) const { + bool MatchAndExplain(T x, MatchResultListener* listener) const override { + using FromType = typename std::remove_cv::type>::type>::type; + using ToType = typename std::remove_cv::type>::type>::type; + // Do not allow implicitly converting base*/& to derived*/&. + static_assert( + // Do not trigger if only one of them is a pointer. That implies a + // regular conversion and not a down_cast. + (std::is_pointer::type>::value != + std::is_pointer::type>::value) || + std::is_same::value || + !std::is_base_of::value, + "Can't implicitly convert from to "); + return source_matcher_.MatchAndExplain(static_cast(x), listener); } - virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const { + void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const override { source_matcher_.DescribeTo(os); } - virtual void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const { + void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const override { source_matcher_.DescribeNegationTo(os); } @@ -613,11 +248,8 @@ inline Matcher MatcherCast(const M& matcher) { // Implements SafeMatcherCast(). // -// We use an intermediate class to do the actual safe casting as Nokia's -// Symbian compiler cannot decide between -// template ... (M) and -// template ... (const Matcher&) -// for function templates but can for member function templates. +// FIXME: The intermediate SafeMatcherCastImpl class was introduced as a +// workaround for a compiler bug, and can now be removed. template class SafeMatcherCastImpl { public: @@ -640,13 +272,13 @@ class SafeMatcherCastImpl { template static inline Matcher Cast(const Matcher& matcher) { // Enforce that T can be implicitly converted to U. - GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_((internal::ImplicitlyConvertible::value), - T_must_be_implicitly_convertible_to_U); + GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_((std::is_convertible::value), + "T must be implicitly convertible to U"); // Enforce that we are not converting a non-reference type T to a reference // type U. GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_( - internal::is_reference::value || !internal::is_reference::value, - cannot_convert_non_referentce_arg_to_reference); + std::is_reference::value || !std::is_reference::value, + cannot_convert_non_reference_arg_to_reference); // In case both T and U are arithmetic types, enforce that the // conversion is not lossy. typedef GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(T) RawT; @@ -675,9 +307,9 @@ Matcher A(); namespace internal { // If the explanation is not empty, prints it to the ostream. -inline void PrintIfNotEmpty(const internal::string& explanation, +inline void PrintIfNotEmpty(const std::string& explanation, ::std::ostream* os) { - if (explanation != "" && os != NULL) { + if (explanation != "" && os != nullptr) { *os << ", " << explanation; } } @@ -685,11 +317,11 @@ inline void PrintIfNotEmpty(const internal::string& explanation, // Returns true if the given type name is easy to read by a human. // This is used to decide whether printing the type of a value might // be helpful. -inline bool IsReadableTypeName(const string& type_name) { +inline bool IsReadableTypeName(const std::string& type_name) { // We consider a type name readable if it's short or doesn't contain // a template or function type. return (type_name.length() <= 20 || - type_name.find_first_of("<(") == string::npos); + type_name.find_first_of("<(") == std::string::npos); } // Matches the value against the given matcher, prints the value and explains @@ -711,7 +343,7 @@ bool MatchPrintAndExplain(Value& value, const Matcher& matcher, UniversalPrint(value, listener->stream()); #if GTEST_HAS_RTTI - const string& type_name = GetTypeName(); + const std::string& type_name = GetTypeName(); if (IsReadableTypeName(type_name)) *listener->stream() << " (of type " << type_name << ")"; #endif @@ -726,13 +358,13 @@ template class TuplePrefix { public: // TuplePrefix::Matches(matcher_tuple, value_tuple) returns true - // iff the first N fields of matcher_tuple matches the first N - // fields of value_tuple, respectively. + // if and only if the first N fields of matcher_tuple matches + // the first N fields of value_tuple, respectively. template static bool Matches(const MatcherTuple& matcher_tuple, const ValueTuple& value_tuple) { - return TuplePrefix::Matches(matcher_tuple, value_tuple) - && get(matcher_tuple).Matches(get(value_tuple)); + return TuplePrefix::Matches(matcher_tuple, value_tuple) && + std::get(matcher_tuple).Matches(std::get(value_tuple)); } // TuplePrefix::ExplainMatchFailuresTo(matchers, values, os) @@ -748,16 +380,14 @@ class TuplePrefix { // Then describes the failure (if any) in the (N - 1)-th (0-based) // field. - typename tuple_element::type matcher = - get(matchers); - typedef typename tuple_element::type Value; - Value value = get(values); + typename std::tuple_element::type matcher = + std::get(matchers); + typedef typename std::tuple_element::type Value; + const Value& value = std::get(values); StringMatchResultListener listener; if (!matcher.MatchAndExplain(value, &listener)) { - // TODO(wan): include in the message the name of the parameter - // as used in MOCK_METHOD*() when possible. *os << " Expected arg #" << N - 1 << ": "; - get(matchers).DescribeTo(os); + std::get(matchers).DescribeTo(os); *os << "\n Actual: "; // We remove the reference in type Value to prevent the // universal printer from printing the address of value, which @@ -787,8 +417,8 @@ class TuplePrefix<0> { ::std::ostream* /* os */) {} }; -// TupleMatches(matcher_tuple, value_tuple) returns true iff all -// matchers in matcher_tuple match the corresponding fields in +// TupleMatches(matcher_tuple, value_tuple) returns true if and only if +// all matchers in matcher_tuple match the corresponding fields in // value_tuple. It is a compiler error if matcher_tuple and // value_tuple have different number of fields or incompatible field // types. @@ -797,11 +427,11 @@ bool TupleMatches(const MatcherTuple& matcher_tuple, const ValueTuple& value_tuple) { // Makes sure that matcher_tuple and value_tuple have the same // number of fields. - GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(tuple_size::value == - tuple_size::value, + GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(std::tuple_size::value == + std::tuple_size::value, matcher_and_value_have_different_numbers_of_fields); - return TuplePrefix::value>:: - Matches(matcher_tuple, value_tuple); + return TuplePrefix::value>::Matches(matcher_tuple, + value_tuple); } // Describes failures in matching matchers against values. If there @@ -810,7 +440,7 @@ template void ExplainMatchFailureTupleTo(const MatcherTuple& matchers, const ValueTuple& values, ::std::ostream* os) { - TuplePrefix::value>::ExplainMatchFailuresTo( + TuplePrefix::value>::ExplainMatchFailuresTo( matchers, values, os); } @@ -821,7 +451,7 @@ void ExplainMatchFailureTupleTo(const MatcherTuple& matchers, template class TransformTupleValuesHelper { private: - typedef ::testing::tuple_size TupleSize; + typedef ::std::tuple_size TupleSize; public: // For each member of tuple 't', taken in order, evaluates '*out++ = f(t)'. @@ -834,7 +464,7 @@ class TransformTupleValuesHelper { template struct IterateOverTuple { OutIter operator() (Func f, const Tup& t, OutIter out) const { - *out++ = f(::testing::get(t)); + *out++ = f(::std::get(t)); return IterateOverTuple()(f, t, out); } }; @@ -856,12 +486,14 @@ OutIter TransformTupleValues(Func f, const Tuple& t, OutIter out) { // Implements A(). template -class AnyMatcherImpl : public MatcherInterface { +class AnyMatcherImpl : public MatcherInterface { public: - virtual bool MatchAndExplain( - T /* x */, MatchResultListener* /* listener */) const { return true; } - virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const { *os << "is anything"; } - virtual void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const { + bool MatchAndExplain(const T& /* x */, + MatchResultListener* /* listener */) const override { + return true; + } + void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const override { *os << "is anything"; } + void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const override { // This is mostly for completeness' safe, as it's not very useful // to write Not(A()). However we cannot completely rule out // such a possibility, and it doesn't hurt to be prepared. @@ -879,99 +511,6 @@ class AnythingMatcher { operator Matcher() const { return A(); } }; -// Implements a matcher that compares a given value with a -// pre-supplied value using one of the ==, <=, <, etc, operators. The -// two values being compared don't have to have the same type. -// -// The matcher defined here is polymorphic (for example, Eq(5) can be -// used to match an int, a short, a double, etc). Therefore we use -// a template type conversion operator in the implementation. -// -// The following template definition assumes that the Rhs parameter is -// a "bare" type (i.e. neither 'const T' nor 'T&'). -template -class ComparisonBase { - public: - explicit ComparisonBase(const Rhs& rhs) : rhs_(rhs) {} - template - operator Matcher() const { - return MakeMatcher(new Impl(rhs_)); - } - - private: - template - class Impl : public MatcherInterface { - public: - explicit Impl(const Rhs& rhs) : rhs_(rhs) {} - virtual bool MatchAndExplain( - Lhs lhs, MatchResultListener* /* listener */) const { - return Op()(lhs, rhs_); - } - virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const { - *os << D::Desc() << " "; - UniversalPrint(rhs_, os); - } - virtual void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const { - *os << D::NegatedDesc() << " "; - UniversalPrint(rhs_, os); - } - private: - Rhs rhs_; - GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(Impl); - }; - Rhs rhs_; - GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(ComparisonBase); -}; - -template -class EqMatcher : public ComparisonBase, Rhs, AnyEq> { - public: - explicit EqMatcher(const Rhs& rhs) - : ComparisonBase, Rhs, AnyEq>(rhs) { } - static const char* Desc() { return "is equal to"; } - static const char* NegatedDesc() { return "isn't equal to"; } -}; -template -class NeMatcher : public ComparisonBase, Rhs, AnyNe> { - public: - explicit NeMatcher(const Rhs& rhs) - : ComparisonBase, Rhs, AnyNe>(rhs) { } - static const char* Desc() { return "isn't equal to"; } - static const char* NegatedDesc() { return "is equal to"; } -}; -template -class LtMatcher : public ComparisonBase, Rhs, AnyLt> { - public: - explicit LtMatcher(const Rhs& rhs) - : ComparisonBase, Rhs, AnyLt>(rhs) { } - static const char* Desc() { return "is <"; } - static const char* NegatedDesc() { return "isn't <"; } -}; -template -class GtMatcher : public ComparisonBase, Rhs, AnyGt> { - public: - explicit GtMatcher(const Rhs& rhs) - : ComparisonBase, Rhs, AnyGt>(rhs) { } - static const char* Desc() { return "is >"; } - static const char* NegatedDesc() { return "isn't >"; } -}; -template -class LeMatcher : public ComparisonBase, Rhs, AnyLe> { - public: - explicit LeMatcher(const Rhs& rhs) - : ComparisonBase, Rhs, AnyLe>(rhs) { } - static const char* Desc() { return "is <="; } - static const char* NegatedDesc() { return "isn't <="; } -}; -template -class GeMatcher : public ComparisonBase, Rhs, AnyGe> { - public: - explicit GeMatcher(const Rhs& rhs) - : ComparisonBase, Rhs, AnyGe>(rhs) { } - static const char* Desc() { return "is >="; } - static const char* NegatedDesc() { return "isn't >="; } -}; - // Implements the polymorphic IsNull() matcher, which matches any raw or smart // pointer that is NULL. class IsNullMatcher { @@ -979,11 +518,7 @@ class IsNullMatcher { template bool MatchAndExplain(const Pointer& p, MatchResultListener* /* listener */) const { -#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11 return p == nullptr; -#else // GTEST_LANG_CXX11 - return GetRawPointer(p) == NULL; -#endif // GTEST_LANG_CXX11 } void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const { *os << "is NULL"; } @@ -999,11 +534,7 @@ class NotNullMatcher { template bool MatchAndExplain(const Pointer& p, MatchResultListener* /* listener */) const { -#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11 return p != nullptr; -#else // GTEST_LANG_CXX11 - return GetRawPointer(p) != NULL; -#endif // GTEST_LANG_CXX11 } void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const { *os << "isn't NULL"; } @@ -1059,18 +590,18 @@ class RefMatcher { // MatchAndExplain() takes a Super& (as opposed to const Super&) // in order to match the interface MatcherInterface. - virtual bool MatchAndExplain( - Super& x, MatchResultListener* listener) const { + bool MatchAndExplain(Super& x, + MatchResultListener* listener) const override { *listener << "which is located @" << static_cast(&x); return &x == &object_; } - virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const { + void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const override { *os << "references the variable "; UniversalPrinter::Print(object_, os); } - virtual void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const { + void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const override { *os << "does not reference the variable "; UniversalPrinter::Print(object_, os); } @@ -1129,6 +660,16 @@ class StrEqualityMatcher { bool case_sensitive) : string_(str), expect_eq_(expect_eq), case_sensitive_(case_sensitive) {} +#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL + bool MatchAndExplain(const absl::string_view& s, + MatchResultListener* listener) const { + // This should fail to compile if absl::string_view is used with wide + // strings. + const StringType& str = std::string(s); + return MatchAndExplain(str, listener); + } +#endif // GTEST_HAS_ABSL + // Accepts pointer types, particularly: // const char* // char* @@ -1136,7 +677,7 @@ class StrEqualityMatcher { // wchar_t* template bool MatchAndExplain(CharType* s, MatchResultListener* listener) const { - if (s == NULL) { + if (s == nullptr) { return !expect_eq_; } return MatchAndExplain(StringType(s), listener); @@ -1145,7 +686,7 @@ class StrEqualityMatcher { // Matches anything that can convert to StringType. // // This is a template, not just a plain function with const StringType&, - // because StringPiece has some interfering non-explicit constructors. + // because absl::string_view has some interfering non-explicit constructors. template bool MatchAndExplain(const MatcheeStringType& s, MatchResultListener* /* listener */) const { @@ -1189,6 +730,16 @@ class HasSubstrMatcher { explicit HasSubstrMatcher(const StringType& substring) : substring_(substring) {} +#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL + bool MatchAndExplain(const absl::string_view& s, + MatchResultListener* listener) const { + // This should fail to compile if absl::string_view is used with wide + // strings. + const StringType& str = std::string(s); + return MatchAndExplain(str, listener); + } +#endif // GTEST_HAS_ABSL + // Accepts pointer types, particularly: // const char* // char* @@ -1196,13 +747,13 @@ class HasSubstrMatcher { // wchar_t* template bool MatchAndExplain(CharType* s, MatchResultListener* listener) const { - return s != NULL && MatchAndExplain(StringType(s), listener); + return s != nullptr && MatchAndExplain(StringType(s), listener); } // Matches anything that can convert to StringType. // // This is a template, not just a plain function with const StringType&, - // because StringPiece has some interfering non-explicit constructors. + // because absl::string_view has some interfering non-explicit constructors. template bool MatchAndExplain(const MatcheeStringType& s, MatchResultListener* /* listener */) const { @@ -1236,6 +787,16 @@ class StartsWithMatcher { explicit StartsWithMatcher(const StringType& prefix) : prefix_(prefix) { } +#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL + bool MatchAndExplain(const absl::string_view& s, + MatchResultListener* listener) const { + // This should fail to compile if absl::string_view is used with wide + // strings. + const StringType& str = std::string(s); + return MatchAndExplain(str, listener); + } +#endif // GTEST_HAS_ABSL + // Accepts pointer types, particularly: // const char* // char* @@ -1243,13 +804,13 @@ class StartsWithMatcher { // wchar_t* template bool MatchAndExplain(CharType* s, MatchResultListener* listener) const { - return s != NULL && MatchAndExplain(StringType(s), listener); + return s != nullptr && MatchAndExplain(StringType(s), listener); } // Matches anything that can convert to StringType. // // This is a template, not just a plain function with const StringType&, - // because StringPiece has some interfering non-explicit constructors. + // because absl::string_view has some interfering non-explicit constructors. template bool MatchAndExplain(const MatcheeStringType& s, MatchResultListener* /* listener */) const { @@ -1282,6 +843,16 @@ class EndsWithMatcher { public: explicit EndsWithMatcher(const StringType& suffix) : suffix_(suffix) {} +#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL + bool MatchAndExplain(const absl::string_view& s, + MatchResultListener* listener) const { + // This should fail to compile if absl::string_view is used with wide + // strings. + const StringType& str = std::string(s); + return MatchAndExplain(str, listener); + } +#endif // GTEST_HAS_ABSL + // Accepts pointer types, particularly: // const char* // char* @@ -1289,13 +860,13 @@ class EndsWithMatcher { // wchar_t* template bool MatchAndExplain(CharType* s, MatchResultListener* listener) const { - return s != NULL && MatchAndExplain(StringType(s), listener); + return s != nullptr && MatchAndExplain(StringType(s), listener); } // Matches anything that can convert to StringType. // // This is a template, not just a plain function with const StringType&, - // because StringPiece has some interfering non-explicit constructors. + // because absl::string_view has some interfering non-explicit constructors. template bool MatchAndExplain(const MatcheeStringType& s, MatchResultListener* /* listener */) const { @@ -1320,73 +891,24 @@ class EndsWithMatcher { GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(EndsWithMatcher); }; -// Implements polymorphic matchers MatchesRegex(regex) and -// ContainsRegex(regex), which can be used as a Matcher as long as -// T can be converted to a string. -class MatchesRegexMatcher { - public: - MatchesRegexMatcher(const RE* regex, bool full_match) - : regex_(regex), full_match_(full_match) {} - - // Accepts pointer types, particularly: - // const char* - // char* - // const wchar_t* - // wchar_t* - template - bool MatchAndExplain(CharType* s, MatchResultListener* listener) const { - return s != NULL && MatchAndExplain(internal::string(s), listener); - } - - // Matches anything that can convert to internal::string. - // - // This is a template, not just a plain function with const internal::string&, - // because StringPiece has some interfering non-explicit constructors. - template - bool MatchAndExplain(const MatcheeStringType& s, - MatchResultListener* /* listener */) const { - const internal::string& s2(s); - return full_match_ ? RE::FullMatch(s2, *regex_) : - RE::PartialMatch(s2, *regex_); - } - - void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const { - *os << (full_match_ ? "matches" : "contains") - << " regular expression "; - UniversalPrinter::Print(regex_->pattern(), os); - } - - void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const { - *os << "doesn't " << (full_match_ ? "match" : "contain") - << " regular expression "; - UniversalPrinter::Print(regex_->pattern(), os); - } - - private: - const internal::linked_ptr regex_; - const bool full_match_; - - GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(MatchesRegexMatcher); -}; - // Implements a matcher that compares the two fields of a 2-tuple // using one of the ==, <=, <, etc, operators. The two fields being // compared don't have to have the same type. // // The matcher defined here is polymorphic (for example, Eq() can be -// used to match a tuple, a tuple, +// used to match a std::tuple, a std::tuple, // etc). Therefore we use a template type conversion operator in the // implementation. template class PairMatchBase { public: template - operator Matcher< ::testing::tuple >() const { - return MakeMatcher(new Impl< ::testing::tuple >); + operator Matcher<::std::tuple>() const { + return Matcher<::std::tuple>(new Impl&>); } template - operator Matcher&>() const { - return MakeMatcher(new Impl&>); + operator Matcher&>() const { + return MakeMatcher(new Impl&>); } private: @@ -1397,15 +919,14 @@ class PairMatchBase { template class Impl : public MatcherInterface { public: - virtual bool MatchAndExplain( - Tuple args, - MatchResultListener* /* listener */) const { - return Op()(::testing::get<0>(args), ::testing::get<1>(args)); + bool MatchAndExplain(Tuple args, + MatchResultListener* /* listener */) const override { + return Op()(::std::get<0>(args), ::std::get<1>(args)); } - virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const { + void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const override { *os << "are " << GetDesc; } - virtual void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const { + void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const override { *os << "aren't " << GetDesc; } }; @@ -1441,20 +962,21 @@ class Ge2Matcher : public PairMatchBase { // will prevent different instantiations of NotMatcher from sharing // the same NotMatcherImpl class. template -class NotMatcherImpl : public MatcherInterface { +class NotMatcherImpl : public MatcherInterface { public: explicit NotMatcherImpl(const Matcher& matcher) : matcher_(matcher) {} - virtual bool MatchAndExplain(T x, MatchResultListener* listener) const { + bool MatchAndExplain(const T& x, + MatchResultListener* listener) const override { return !matcher_.MatchAndExplain(x, listener); } - virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const { + void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const override { matcher_.DescribeNegationTo(os); } - virtual void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const { + void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const override { matcher_.DescribeTo(os); } @@ -1489,115 +1011,62 @@ class NotMatcher { // that will prevent different instantiations of BothOfMatcher from // sharing the same BothOfMatcherImpl class. template -class BothOfMatcherImpl : public MatcherInterface { +class AllOfMatcherImpl : public MatcherInterface { public: - BothOfMatcherImpl(const Matcher& matcher1, const Matcher& matcher2) - : matcher1_(matcher1), matcher2_(matcher2) {} + explicit AllOfMatcherImpl(std::vector > matchers) + : matchers_(std::move(matchers)) {} - virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const { + void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const override { *os << "("; - matcher1_.DescribeTo(os); - *os << ") and ("; - matcher2_.DescribeTo(os); + for (size_t i = 0; i < matchers_.size(); ++i) { + if (i != 0) *os << ") and ("; + matchers_[i].DescribeTo(os); + } *os << ")"; } - virtual void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const { + void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const override { *os << "("; - matcher1_.DescribeNegationTo(os); - *os << ") or ("; - matcher2_.DescribeNegationTo(os); + for (size_t i = 0; i < matchers_.size(); ++i) { + if (i != 0) *os << ") or ("; + matchers_[i].DescribeNegationTo(os); + } *os << ")"; } - virtual bool MatchAndExplain(T x, MatchResultListener* listener) const { + bool MatchAndExplain(const T& x, + MatchResultListener* listener) const override { // If either matcher1_ or matcher2_ doesn't match x, we only need // to explain why one of them fails. - StringMatchResultListener listener1; - if (!matcher1_.MatchAndExplain(x, &listener1)) { - *listener << listener1.str(); - return false; - } + std::string all_match_result; - StringMatchResultListener listener2; - if (!matcher2_.MatchAndExplain(x, &listener2)) { - *listener << listener2.str(); - return false; + for (size_t i = 0; i < matchers_.size(); ++i) { + StringMatchResultListener slistener; + if (matchers_[i].MatchAndExplain(x, &slistener)) { + if (all_match_result.empty()) { + all_match_result = slistener.str(); + } else { + std::string result = slistener.str(); + if (!result.empty()) { + all_match_result += ", and "; + all_match_result += result; + } + } + } else { + *listener << slistener.str(); + return false; + } } // Otherwise we need to explain why *both* of them match. - const internal::string s1 = listener1.str(); - const internal::string s2 = listener2.str(); - - if (s1 == "") { - *listener << s2; - } else { - *listener << s1; - if (s2 != "") { - *listener << ", and " << s2; - } - } + *listener << all_match_result; return true; } private: - const Matcher matcher1_; - const Matcher matcher2_; + const std::vector > matchers_; - GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(BothOfMatcherImpl); -}; - -#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11 -// MatcherList provides mechanisms for storing a variable number of matchers in -// a list structure (ListType) and creating a combining matcher from such a -// list. -// The template is defined recursively using the following template paramters: -// * kSize is the length of the MatcherList. -// * Head is the type of the first matcher of the list. -// * Tail denotes the types of the remaining matchers of the list. -template -struct MatcherList { - typedef MatcherList MatcherListTail; - typedef ::std::pair ListType; - - // BuildList stores variadic type values in a nested pair structure. - // Example: - // MatcherList<3, int, string, float>::BuildList(5, "foo", 2.0) will return - // the corresponding result of type pair>. - static ListType BuildList(const Head& matcher, const Tail&... tail) { - return ListType(matcher, MatcherListTail::BuildList(tail...)); - } - - // CreateMatcher creates a Matcher from a given list of matchers (built - // by BuildList()). CombiningMatcher is used to combine the matchers of the - // list. CombiningMatcher must implement MatcherInterface and have a - // constructor taking two Matchers as input. - template class CombiningMatcher> - static Matcher CreateMatcher(const ListType& matchers) { - return Matcher(new CombiningMatcher( - SafeMatcherCast(matchers.first), - MatcherListTail::template CreateMatcher( - matchers.second))); - } -}; - -// The following defines the base case for the recursive definition of -// MatcherList. -template -struct MatcherList<2, Matcher1, Matcher2> { - typedef ::std::pair ListType; - - static ListType BuildList(const Matcher1& matcher1, - const Matcher2& matcher2) { - return ::std::pair(matcher1, matcher2); - } - - template class CombiningMatcher> - static Matcher CreateMatcher(const ListType& matchers) { - return Matcher(new CombiningMatcher( - SafeMatcherCast(matchers.first), - SafeMatcherCast(matchers.second))); - } + GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(AllOfMatcherImpl); }; // VariadicMatcher is used for the variadic implementation of @@ -1608,149 +1077,139 @@ template