gatus/storage/store/sql/sql.go

package sql

import (
	"database/sql"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"strings"
	"time"

	"github.com/TwinProduction/gatus/core"
	"github.com/TwinProduction/gatus/storage/store/common"
	"github.com/TwinProduction/gatus/storage/store/common/paging"
	"github.com/TwinProduction/gatus/util"
	_ "github.com/lib/pq"
	_ "modernc.org/sqlite"
)

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Note that only exported functions in this file may create, commit, or rollback a transaction //
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

const (
	// arraySeparator is the separator used to separate multiple strings in a single column.
	// It's a dirty hack, but it's only used for persisting errors, and since this data will likely only ever be used
	// for aesthetic purposes, I deemed it wasn't worth the performance impact of yet another one-to-many table.
	arraySeparator = "|~|"

	uptimeCleanUpThreshold  = 10 * 24 * time.Hour                // Maximum uptime age before triggering a clean up
	eventsCleanUpThreshold  = common.MaximumNumberOfEvents + 10  // Maximum number of events before triggering a clean up
	resultsCleanUpThreshold = common.MaximumNumberOfResults + 10 // Maximum number of results before triggering a clean up

	uptimeRetention = 7 * 24 * time.Hour
)

var (
	// ErrFilePathNotSpecified is the error returned when path parameter passed in NewStore is blank
	ErrFilePathNotSpecified = errors.New("file path cannot be empty")

	// ErrDatabaseDriverNotSpecified is the error returned when the driver parameter passed in NewStore is blank
	ErrDatabaseDriverNotSpecified = errors.New("database driver cannot be empty")

	errNoRowsReturned = errors.New("expected a row to be returned, but none was")
)

// Store that leverages a database
type Store struct {
	driver, file string

	db *sql.DB
}

// NewStore initializes the database and creates the schema if it doesn't already exist in the file specified
func NewStore(driver, path string) (*Store, error) {
	if len(driver) == 0 {
		return nil, ErrDatabaseDriverNotSpecified
	}
	if len(path) == 0 {
		return nil, ErrFilePathNotSpecified
	}
	store := &Store{driver: driver, file: path}
	var err error
	if store.db, err = sql.Open(driver, path); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if err := store.db.Ping(); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if driver == "sqlite" {
		_, _ = store.db.Exec("PRAGMA foreign_keys=ON")
		_, _ = store.db.Exec("PRAGMA journal_mode=WAL")
		_, _ = store.db.Exec("PRAGMA synchronous=NORMAL")
		// Prevents driver from running into "database is locked" errors
		// This is because we're using WAL to improve performance
		store.db.SetMaxOpenConns(1)
	}
	if err = store.createSchema(); err != nil {
		_ = store.db.Close()
		return nil, err
	}
	return store, nil
}

// createSchema creates the schema required to perform all database operations.
func (s *Store) createSchema() error {
	if s.driver == "sqlite" {
		return s.createSQLiteSchema()
	}
	return s.createPostgresSchema()
}

// GetAllServiceStatuses returns all monitored core.ServiceStatus
// with a subset of core.Result defined by the page and pageSize parameters
func (s *Store) GetAllServiceStatuses(params *paging.ServiceStatusParams) ([]*core.ServiceStatus, error) {
	tx, err := s.db.Begin()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	keys, err := s.getAllServiceKeys(tx)
	if err != nil {
		_ = tx.Rollback()
		return nil, err
	}
	serviceStatuses := make([]*core.ServiceStatus, 0, len(keys))
	for _, key := range keys {
		serviceStatus, err := s.getServiceStatusByKey(tx, key, params)
		if err != nil {
			continue
		}
		serviceStatuses = append(serviceStatuses, serviceStatus)
	}
	if err = tx.Commit(); err != nil {
		_ = tx.Rollback()
	}
	return serviceStatuses, err
}

// GetServiceStatus returns the service status for a given service name in the given group
func (s *Store) GetServiceStatus(groupName, serviceName string, params *paging.ServiceStatusParams) (*core.ServiceStatus, error) {
	return s.GetServiceStatusByKey(util.ConvertGroupAndServiceToKey(groupName, serviceName), params)
}

// GetServiceStatusByKey returns the service status for a given key
func (s *Store) GetServiceStatusByKey(key string, params *paging.ServiceStatusParams) (*core.ServiceStatus, error) {
	tx, err := s.db.Begin()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	serviceStatus, err := s.getServiceStatusByKey(tx, key, params)
	if err != nil {
		_ = tx.Rollback()
		return nil, err
	}
	if err = tx.Commit(); err != nil {
		_ = tx.Rollback()
	}
	return serviceStatus, err
}

// GetUptimeByKey returns the uptime percentage during a time range
func (s *Store) GetUptimeByKey(key string, from, to time.Time) (float64, error) {
	if from.After(to) {
		return 0, common.ErrInvalidTimeRange
	}
	tx, err := s.db.Begin()
	if err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}
	serviceID, _, _, err := s.getServiceIDGroupAndNameByKey(tx, key)
	if err != nil {
		_ = tx.Rollback()
		return 0, err
	}
	uptime, _, err := s.getServiceUptime(tx, serviceID, from, to)
	if err != nil {
		_ = tx.Rollback()
		return 0, err
	}
	if err = tx.Commit(); err != nil {
		_ = tx.Rollback()
	}
	return uptime, nil
}

// GetAverageResponseTimeByKey returns the average response time in milliseconds (value) during a time range
func (s *Store) GetAverageResponseTimeByKey(key string, from, to time.Time) (int, error) {
	if from.After(to) {
		return 0, common.ErrInvalidTimeRange
	}
	tx, err := s.db.Begin()
	if err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}
	serviceID, _, _, err := s.getServiceIDGroupAndNameByKey(tx, key)
	if err != nil {
		_ = tx.Rollback()
		return 0, err
	}
	averageResponseTime, err := s.getServiceAverageResponseTime(tx, serviceID, from, to)
	if err != nil {
		_ = tx.Rollback()
		return 0, err
	}
	if err = tx.Commit(); err != nil {
		_ = tx.Rollback()
	}
	return averageResponseTime, nil
}

// GetHourlyAverageResponseTimeByKey returns a map of hourly (key) average response time in milliseconds (value) during a time range
func (s *Store) GetHourlyAverageResponseTimeByKey(key string, from, to time.Time) (map[int64]int, error) {
	if from.After(to) {
		return nil, common.ErrInvalidTimeRange
	}
	tx, err := s.db.Begin()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	serviceID, _, _, err := s.getServiceIDGroupAndNameByKey(tx, key)
	if err != nil {
		_ = tx.Rollback()
		return nil, err
	}
	hourlyAverageResponseTimes, err := s.getServiceHourlyAverageResponseTimes(tx, serviceID, from, to)
	if err != nil {
		_ = tx.Rollback()
		return nil, err
	}
	if err = tx.Commit(); err != nil {
		_ = tx.Rollback()
	}
	return hourlyAverageResponseTimes, nil
}

// Insert adds the observed result for the specified service into the store
func (s *Store) Insert(service *core.Service, result *core.Result) error {
	tx, err := s.db.Begin()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	serviceID, err := s.getServiceID(tx, service)
	if err != nil {
		if err == common.ErrServiceNotFound {
			// Service doesn't exist in the database, insert it
			if serviceID, err = s.insertService(tx, service); err != nil {
				_ = tx.Rollback()
				log.Printf("[sql][Insert] Failed to create service with group=%s; service=%s: %s", service.Group, service.Name, err.Error())
				return err
			}
		} else {
			_ = tx.Rollback()
			log.Printf("[sql][Insert] Failed to retrieve id of service with group=%s; service=%s: %s", service.Group, service.Name, err.Error())
			return err
		}
	}
	// First, we need to check if we need to insert a new event.
	//
	// A new event must be added if either of the following cases happen:
	// 1. There is only 1 event. The total number of events for a service can only be 1 if the only existing event is
	//    of type EventStart, in which case we will have to create a new event of type EventHealthy or EventUnhealthy
	//    based on result.Success.
	// 2. The lastResult.Success != result.Success. This implies that the service went from healthy to unhealthy or
	//    vice-versa, in which case we will have to create a new event of type EventHealthy or EventUnhealthy
	//	  based on result.Success.
	numberOfEvents, err := s.getNumberOfEventsByServiceID(tx, serviceID)
	if err != nil {
		// Silently fail
		log.Printf("[sql][Insert] Failed to retrieve total number of events for group=%s; service=%s: %s", service.Group, service.Name, err.Error())
	}
	if numberOfEvents == 0 {
		// There's no events yet, which means we need to add the EventStart and the first healthy/unhealthy event
		err = s.insertEvent(tx, serviceID, &core.Event{
			Type:      core.EventStart,
			Timestamp: result.Timestamp.Add(-50 * time.Millisecond),
		})
		if err != nil {
			// Silently fail
			log.Printf("[sql][Insert] Failed to insert event=%s for group=%s; service=%s: %s", core.EventStart, service.Group, service.Name, err.Error())
		}
		event := core.NewEventFromResult(result)
		if err = s.insertEvent(tx, serviceID, event); err != nil {
			// Silently fail
			log.Printf("[sql][Insert] Failed to insert event=%s for group=%s; service=%s: %s", event.Type, service.Group, service.Name, err.Error())
		}
	} else {
		// Get the success value of the previous result
		var lastResultSuccess bool
		if lastResultSuccess, err = s.getLastServiceResultSuccessValue(tx, serviceID); err != nil {
			log.Printf("[sql][Insert] Failed to retrieve outcome of previous result for group=%s; service=%s: %s", service.Group, service.Name, err.Error())
		} else {
			// If we managed to retrieve the outcome of the previous result, we'll compare it with the new result.
			// If the final outcome (success or failure) of the previous and the new result aren't the same, it means
			// that the service either went from Healthy to Unhealthy or Unhealthy -> Healthy, therefore, we'll add
			// an event to mark the change in state
			if lastResultSuccess != result.Success {
				event := core.NewEventFromResult(result)
				if err = s.insertEvent(tx, serviceID, event); err != nil {
					// Silently fail
					log.Printf("[sql][Insert] Failed to insert event=%s for group=%s; service=%s: %s", event.Type, service.Group, service.Name, err.Error())
				}
			}
		}
		// Clean up old events if there's more than twice the maximum number of events
		// This lets us both keep the table clean without impacting performance too much
		// (since we're only deleting MaximumNumberOfEvents at a time instead of 1)
		if numberOfEvents > eventsCleanUpThreshold {
			if err = s.deleteOldServiceEvents(tx, serviceID); err != nil {
				log.Printf("[sql][Insert] Failed to delete old events for group=%s; service=%s: %s", service.Group, service.Name, err.Error())
			}
		}
	}
	// Second, we need to insert the result.
	if err = s.insertResult(tx, serviceID, result); err != nil {
		log.Printf("[sql][Insert] Failed to insert result for group=%s; service=%s: %s", service.Group, service.Name, err.Error())
		_ = tx.Rollback() // If we can't insert the result, we'll rollback now since there's no point continuing
		return err
	}
	// Clean up old results
	numberOfResults, err := s.getNumberOfResultsByServiceID(tx, serviceID)
	if err != nil {
		log.Printf("[sql][Insert] Failed to retrieve total number of results for group=%s; service=%s: %s", service.Group, service.Name, err.Error())
	} else {
		if numberOfResults > resultsCleanUpThreshold {
			if err = s.deleteOldServiceResults(tx, serviceID); err != nil {
				log.Printf("[sql][Insert] Failed to delete old results for group=%s; service=%s: %s", service.Group, service.Name, err.Error())
			}
		}
	}
	// Finally, we need to insert the uptime data.
	// Because the uptime data significantly outlives the results, we can't rely on the results for determining the uptime
	if err = s.updateServiceUptime(tx, serviceID, result); err != nil {
		log.Printf("[sql][Insert] Failed to update uptime for group=%s; service=%s: %s", service.Group, service.Name, err.Error())
	}
	// Clean up old uptime entries
	ageOfOldestUptimeEntry, err := s.getAgeOfOldestServiceUptimeEntry(tx, serviceID)
	if err != nil {
		log.Printf("[sql][Insert] Failed to retrieve oldest service uptime entry for group=%s; service=%s: %s", service.Group, service.Name, err.Error())
	} else {
		if ageOfOldestUptimeEntry > uptimeCleanUpThreshold {
			if err = s.deleteOldUptimeEntries(tx, serviceID, time.Now().Add(-(uptimeRetention + time.Hour))); err != nil {
				log.Printf("[sql][Insert] Failed to delete old uptime entries for group=%s; service=%s: %s", service.Group, service.Name, err.Error())
			}
		}
	}
	if err = tx.Commit(); err != nil {
		_ = tx.Rollback()
	}
	return err
}

// DeleteAllServiceStatusesNotInKeys removes all rows owned by a service whose key is not within the keys provided
func (s *Store) DeleteAllServiceStatusesNotInKeys(keys []string) int {
	var err error
	var result sql.Result
	if len(keys) == 0 {
		// Delete everything
		result, err = s.db.Exec("DELETE FROM service")
	} else {
		args := make([]interface{}, 0, len(keys))
		query := "DELETE FROM service WHERE service_key NOT IN ("
		for i := range keys {
			query += fmt.Sprintf("$%d,", i+1)
			args = append(args, keys[i])
		}
		query = query[:len(query)-1] + ")"
		result, err = s.db.Exec(query, args...)
	}
	if err != nil {
		log.Printf("[sql][DeleteAllServiceStatusesNotInKeys] Failed to delete rows that do not belong to any of keys=%v: %s", keys, err.Error())
		return 0
	}
	rowsAffects, _ := result.RowsAffected()
	return int(rowsAffects)
}

// Clear deletes everything from the store
func (s *Store) Clear() {
	_, _ = s.db.Exec("DELETE FROM service")
}

// Save does nothing, because this store is immediately persistent.
func (s *Store) Save() error {
	return nil
}

// Close the database handle
func (s *Store) Close() {
	_ = s.db.Close()
}

// insertService inserts a service in the store and returns the generated id of said service
func (s *Store) insertService(tx *sql.Tx, service *core.Service) (int64, error) {
	//log.Printf("[sql][insertService] Inserting service with group=%s and name=%s", service.Group, service.Name)
	var id int64
	err := tx.QueryRow(
		"INSERT INTO service (service_key, service_name, service_group) VALUES ($1, $2, $3) RETURNING service_id",
		service.Key(),
		service.Name,
		service.Group,
	).Scan(&id)
	if err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}
	return id, nil
}

// insertEvent inserts a service event in the store
func (s *Store) insertEvent(tx *sql.Tx, serviceID int64, event *core.Event) error {
	_, err := tx.Exec(
		"INSERT INTO service_event (service_id, event_type, event_timestamp) VALUES ($1, $2, $3)",
		serviceID,
		event.Type,
		event.Timestamp.UTC(),
	)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	return nil
}

// insertResult inserts a result in the store
func (s *Store) insertResult(tx *sql.Tx, serviceID int64, result *core.Result) error {
	var serviceResultID int64
	err := tx.QueryRow(
		`
			INSERT INTO service_result (service_id, success, errors, connected, status, dns_rcode, certificate_expiration, hostname, ip, duration, timestamp)
			VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, $7, $8, $9, $10, $11)
			RETURNING service_result_id
		`,
		serviceID,
		result.Success,
		strings.Join(result.Errors, arraySeparator),
		result.Connected,
		result.HTTPStatus,
		result.DNSRCode,
		result.CertificateExpiration,
		result.Hostname,
		result.IP,
		result.Duration,
		result.Timestamp.UTC(),
	).Scan(&serviceResultID)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	return s.insertConditionResults(tx, serviceResultID, result.ConditionResults)
}

func (s *Store) insertConditionResults(tx *sql.Tx, serviceResultID int64, conditionResults []*core.ConditionResult) error {
	var err error
	for _, cr := range conditionResults {
		_, err = tx.Exec("INSERT INTO service_result_condition (service_result_id, condition, success) VALUES ($1, $2, $3)",
			serviceResultID,
			cr.Condition,
			cr.Success,
		)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}
	return nil
}

func (s *Store) updateServiceUptime(tx *sql.Tx, serviceID int64, result *core.Result) error {
	unixTimestampFlooredAtHour := result.Timestamp.Truncate(time.Hour).Unix()
	var successfulExecutions int
	if result.Success {
		successfulExecutions = 1
	}
	_, err := tx.Exec(
		`
			INSERT INTO service_uptime (service_id, hour_unix_timestamp, total_executions, successful_executions, total_response_time) 
			VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5)
			ON CONFLICT(service_id, hour_unix_timestamp) DO UPDATE SET
				total_executions = excluded.total_executions + service_uptime.total_executions,
				successful_executions = excluded.successful_executions + service_uptime.successful_executions,
				total_response_time = excluded.total_response_time + service_uptime.total_response_time
		`,
		serviceID,
		unixTimestampFlooredAtHour,
		1,
		successfulExecutions,
		result.Duration.Milliseconds(),
	)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	return nil
}

func (s *Store) getAllServiceKeys(tx *sql.Tx) (keys []string, err error) {
	rows, err := tx.Query("SELECT service_key FROM service ORDER BY service_key")
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	for rows.Next() {
		var key string
		_ = rows.Scan(&key)
		keys = append(keys, key)
	}
	_ = rows.Close()
	return
}

func (s *Store) getServiceStatusByKey(tx *sql.Tx, key string, parameters *paging.ServiceStatusParams) (*core.ServiceStatus, error) {
	serviceID, serviceGroup, serviceName, err := s.getServiceIDGroupAndNameByKey(tx, key)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	serviceStatus := core.NewServiceStatus(key, serviceGroup, serviceName)
	if parameters.EventsPageSize > 0 {
		if serviceStatus.Events, err = s.getEventsByServiceID(tx, serviceID, parameters.EventsPage, parameters.EventsPageSize); err != nil {
			log.Printf("[sql][getServiceStatusByKey] Failed to retrieve events for key=%s: %s", key, err.Error())
		}
	}
	if parameters.ResultsPageSize > 0 {
		if serviceStatus.Results, err = s.getResultsByServiceID(tx, serviceID, parameters.ResultsPage, parameters.ResultsPageSize); err != nil {
			log.Printf("[sql][getServiceStatusByKey] Failed to retrieve results for key=%s: %s", key, err.Error())
		}
	}
	//if parameters.IncludeUptime {
	//	now := time.Now()
	//	serviceStatus.Uptime.LastHour, _, err = s.getServiceUptime(tx, serviceID, now.Add(-time.Hour), now)
	//	serviceStatus.Uptime.LastTwentyFourHours, _, err = s.getServiceUptime(tx, serviceID, now.Add(-24*time.Hour), now)
	//	serviceStatus.Uptime.LastSevenDays, _, err = s.getServiceUptime(tx, serviceID, now.Add(-7*24*time.Hour), now)
	//}
	return serviceStatus, nil
}

func (s *Store) getServiceIDGroupAndNameByKey(tx *sql.Tx, key string) (id int64, group, name string, err error) {
	err = tx.QueryRow(
		`
			SELECT service_id, service_group, service_name
			FROM service
			WHERE service_key = $1
			LIMIT 1
		`,
		key,
	).Scan(&id, &group, &name)
	if err != nil {
		if err == sql.ErrNoRows {
			return 0, "", "", common.ErrServiceNotFound
		}
		return 0, "", "", err
	}
	return
}

func (s *Store) getEventsByServiceID(tx *sql.Tx, serviceID int64, page, pageSize int) (events []*core.Event, err error) {
	rows, err := tx.Query(
		`
			SELECT event_type, event_timestamp
			FROM service_event
			WHERE service_id = $1
			ORDER BY service_event_id ASC
			LIMIT $2 OFFSET $3
		`,
		serviceID,
		pageSize,
		(page-1)*pageSize,
	)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	for rows.Next() {
		event := &core.Event{}
		_ = rows.Scan(&event.Type, &event.Timestamp)
		events = append(events, event)
	}
	_ = rows.Close()
	return
}

func (s *Store) getResultsByServiceID(tx *sql.Tx, serviceID int64, page, pageSize int) (results []*core.Result, err error) {
	rows, err := tx.Query(
		`
			SELECT service_result_id, success, errors, connected, status, dns_rcode, certificate_expiration, hostname, ip, duration, timestamp
			FROM service_result
			WHERE service_id = $1
			ORDER BY service_result_id DESC -- Normally, we'd sort by timestamp, but sorting by service_result_id is faster
			LIMIT $2 OFFSET $3
		`,
		serviceID,
		pageSize,
		(page-1)*pageSize,
	)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	idResultMap := make(map[int64]*core.Result)
	for rows.Next() {
		result := &core.Result{}
		var id int64
		var joinedErrors string
		_ = rows.Scan(&id, &result.Success, &joinedErrors, &result.Connected, &result.HTTPStatus, &result.DNSRCode, &result.CertificateExpiration, &result.Hostname, &result.IP, &result.Duration, &result.Timestamp)
		if len(joinedErrors) != 0 {
			result.Errors = strings.Split(joinedErrors, arraySeparator)
		}
		// This is faster than using a subselect
		results = append([]*core.Result{result}, results...)
		idResultMap[id] = result
	}
	_ = rows.Close()
	// Get condition results
	args := make([]interface{}, 0, len(idResultMap))
	query := `SELECT service_result_id, condition, success
				FROM service_result_condition
				WHERE service_result_id IN (`
	index := 1
	for serviceResultID := range idResultMap {
		query += fmt.Sprintf("$%d,", index)
		args = append(args, serviceResultID)
		index++
	}
	query = query[:len(query)-1] + ")"
	rows, err = tx.Query(query, args...)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	for rows.Next() {
		conditionResult := &core.ConditionResult{}
		var serviceResultID int64
		if err = rows.Scan(&serviceResultID, &conditionResult.Condition, &conditionResult.Success); err != nil {
			return
		}
		idResultMap[serviceResultID].ConditionResults = append(idResultMap[serviceResultID].ConditionResults, conditionResult)
	}
	return
}

func (s *Store) getServiceUptime(tx *sql.Tx, serviceID int64, from, to time.Time) (uptime float64, avgResponseTime time.Duration, err error) {
	rows, err := tx.Query(
		`
			SELECT SUM(total_executions), SUM(successful_executions), SUM(total_response_time)
			FROM service_uptime
			WHERE service_id = $1
				AND hour_unix_timestamp >= $2
				AND hour_unix_timestamp <= $3
		`,
		serviceID,
		from.Unix(),
		to.Unix(),
	)
	if err != nil {
		return 0, 0, err
	}
	var totalExecutions, totalSuccessfulExecutions, totalResponseTime int
	for rows.Next() {
		_ = rows.Scan(&totalExecutions, &totalSuccessfulExecutions, &totalResponseTime)
		break
	}
	_ = rows.Close()
	if totalExecutions > 0 {
		uptime = float64(totalSuccessfulExecutions) / float64(totalExecutions)
		avgResponseTime = time.Duration(float64(totalResponseTime)/float64(totalExecutions)) * time.Millisecond
	}
	return
}

func (s *Store) getServiceAverageResponseTime(tx *sql.Tx, serviceID int64, from, to time.Time) (int, error) {
	rows, err := tx.Query(
		`
			SELECT SUM(total_executions), SUM(total_response_time)
			FROM service_uptime
			WHERE service_id = $1
				AND total_executions > 0
				AND hour_unix_timestamp >= $2
				AND hour_unix_timestamp <= $3
		`,
		serviceID,
		from.Unix(),
		to.Unix(),
	)
	if err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}
	var totalExecutions, totalResponseTime int
	for rows.Next() {
		_ = rows.Scan(&totalExecutions, &totalResponseTime)
	}
	_ = rows.Close()
	if totalExecutions == 0 {
		return 0, nil
	}
	return int(float64(totalResponseTime) / float64(totalExecutions)), nil
}

func (s *Store) getServiceHourlyAverageResponseTimes(tx *sql.Tx, serviceID int64, from, to time.Time) (map[int64]int, error) {
	rows, err := tx.Query(
		`
			SELECT hour_unix_timestamp, total_executions, total_response_time
			FROM service_uptime
			WHERE service_id = $1
				AND total_executions > 0
				AND hour_unix_timestamp >= $2
				AND hour_unix_timestamp <= $3
		`,
		serviceID,
		from.Unix(),
		to.Unix(),
	)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	var totalExecutions, totalResponseTime int
	var unixTimestampFlooredAtHour int64
	hourlyAverageResponseTimes := make(map[int64]int)
	for rows.Next() {
		_ = rows.Scan(&unixTimestampFlooredAtHour, &totalExecutions, &totalResponseTime)
		hourlyAverageResponseTimes[unixTimestampFlooredAtHour] = int(float64(totalResponseTime) / float64(totalExecutions))
	}
	_ = rows.Close()
	return hourlyAverageResponseTimes, nil
}

func (s *Store) getServiceID(tx *sql.Tx, service *core.Service) (int64, error) {
	var id int64
	err := tx.QueryRow("SELECT service_id FROM service WHERE service_key = $1", service.Key()).Scan(&id)
	if err != nil {
		if err == sql.ErrNoRows {
			return 0, common.ErrServiceNotFound
		}
		return 0, err
	}
	return id, nil
}

func (s *Store) getNumberOfEventsByServiceID(tx *sql.Tx, serviceID int64) (int64, error) {
	var numberOfEvents int64
	err := tx.QueryRow("SELECT COUNT(1) FROM service_event WHERE service_id = $1", serviceID).Scan(&numberOfEvents)
	return numberOfEvents, err
}

func (s *Store) getNumberOfResultsByServiceID(tx *sql.Tx, serviceID int64) (int64, error) {
	var numberOfResults int64
	err := tx.QueryRow("SELECT COUNT(1) FROM service_result WHERE service_id = $1", serviceID).Scan(&numberOfResults)
	return numberOfResults, err
}

func (s *Store) getAgeOfOldestServiceUptimeEntry(tx *sql.Tx, serviceID int64) (time.Duration, error) {
	rows, err := tx.Query(
		`
			SELECT hour_unix_timestamp 
			FROM service_uptime 
			WHERE service_id = $1 
			ORDER BY hour_unix_timestamp
			LIMIT 1
		`,
		serviceID,
	)
	if err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}
	var oldestServiceUptimeUnixTimestamp int64
	var found bool
	for rows.Next() {
		_ = rows.Scan(&oldestServiceUptimeUnixTimestamp)
		found = true
		break
	}
	_ = rows.Close()
	if !found {
		return 0, errNoRowsReturned
	}
	return time.Since(time.Unix(oldestServiceUptimeUnixTimestamp, 0)), nil
}

func (s *Store) getLastServiceResultSuccessValue(tx *sql.Tx, serviceID int64) (bool, error) {
	var success bool
	err := tx.QueryRow("SELECT success FROM service_result WHERE service_id = $1 ORDER BY service_result_id DESC LIMIT 1", serviceID).Scan(&success)
	if err != nil {
		if err == sql.ErrNoRows {
			return false, errNoRowsReturned
		}
		return false, err
	}
	return success, nil
}

// deleteOldServiceEvents deletes old service events that are no longer needed
func (s *Store) deleteOldServiceEvents(tx *sql.Tx, serviceID int64) error {
	_, err := tx.Exec(
		`
			DELETE FROM service_event 
			WHERE service_id = $1
				AND service_event_id NOT IN (
					SELECT service_event_id 
					FROM service_event
					WHERE service_id = $1
					ORDER BY service_event_id DESC
					LIMIT $2
				)
		`,
		serviceID,
		common.MaximumNumberOfEvents,
	)
	return err
}

// deleteOldServiceResults deletes old service results that are no longer needed
func (s *Store) deleteOldServiceResults(tx *sql.Tx, serviceID int64) error {
	_, err := tx.Exec(
		`
			DELETE FROM service_result 
			WHERE service_id = $1 
				AND service_result_id NOT IN (
					SELECT service_result_id
					FROM service_result
					WHERE service_id = $1
					ORDER BY service_result_id DESC
					LIMIT $2
				)
		`,
		serviceID,
		common.MaximumNumberOfResults,
	)
	return err
}

func (s *Store) deleteOldUptimeEntries(tx *sql.Tx, serviceID int64, maxAge time.Time) error {
	_, err := tx.Exec("DELETE FROM service_uptime WHERE service_id = $1 AND hour_unix_timestamp < $2", serviceID, maxAge.Unix())
	return err
}