2024-12-12 12:44:12 +01:00
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2014-11-07 18:25:01 +01:00
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<title>git-flow 備忘清單</title>
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2024-12-12 12:44:12 +01:00
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2014-11-07 06:02:08 +01:00
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2014-11-07 06:02:08 +01:00
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2024-12-12 12:44:12 +01:00
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<a href="https://github.com/danielkummer/git-flow-cheatsheet"
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>Fork me on GitHub</a
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<h1 id="title" style="font-size: 80px">git-flow 備忘清單</h1>
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由
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<a href="http://twitter.com/0r1g4m14dd1c7" target="_blank"
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>Daniel Kummer (<a href="https://twitter.com/share" data-size="large"
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>Tweet</a
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>)</a
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>
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建立
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</p>
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<p id="desc">
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使用 git-flow 進行高效率的分支使用。 by
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<a href="http://nvie.com/" target="_blank">Vincent Driessen</a>
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2014-11-07 06:02:08 +01:00
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2014-11-07 06:02:08 +01:00
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<div class="scrollblock">
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<h2>什麼是 git-flow ?</h2>
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2014-11-07 06:02:08 +01:00
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<p>
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2024-12-12 12:44:12 +01:00
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git-flow 是一個 git 擴充功能，依照 Vincent Driessen
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的分支模型提供高層次的倉庫控制方式。
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<small
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><a href="http://nvie.com/posts/a-successful-git-branching-model/"
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>查看更多</a
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></small
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>
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2014-11-07 06:02:08 +01:00
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</p>
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<p class="divider">★ ★ ★</p>
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2014-11-07 06:02:08 +01:00
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2024-12-12 12:44:12 +01:00
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<p>這個備忘清單將會為您展示 git-flow 的基本操作方式與結果。</p>
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2014-11-07 06:02:08 +01:00
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2024-12-12 12:44:12 +01:00
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<p class="divider">★ ★ ★</p>
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</div>
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2014-11-07 06:02:08 +01:00
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2024-12-12 12:44:12 +01:00
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<div class="scrollblock">
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<h2>基礎提示</h2>
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2014-11-07 18:51:49 +01:00
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<ul>
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<li>
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git-flow
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提供了極為出色的指令與輸出提示。請仔細閱讀並觀察發生了什麼事情...
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="http://www.sourcetreeapp.com/">SourceTree</a>
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是一個極為出色的 git 圖形介面應用程式，以內建了 git-flow
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的功能。(支援 Mac OS X 與 Windows)
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</li>
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<li>
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git-flow
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是一個以合並(Merge)概念為基底的解決方案，它並無提供重置(rebase)特性分支的功能。
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</li>
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2014-11-07 18:51:49 +01:00
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</ul>
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2024-12-12 12:44:12 +01:00
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<p class="divider">★ ★ ★</p>
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</div>
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2014-11-07 06:02:08 +01:00
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2024-12-12 12:44:12 +01:00
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<div class="scrollblock">
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<h2><a name="setup" href="#setup">安裝</a></h2>
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<ul>
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<li>你需要有一個已經初始化的 git 倉庫。</li>
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<li>git-flow 可以在 macOS、Linux 和 Windows 之下使用。</li>
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</ul>
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<p class="divider">★ ★ ★</p>
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<div class="col-1">
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<h3>Mac OS X</h3>
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<span>透過 Homebrew 安裝</span>
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<blockquote>$ brew install git-flow-avh</blockquote>
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<span>透過 Macports 安裝</span>
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<blockquote>$ port install git-flow-avh</blockquote>
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<h3>Linux</h3>
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<blockquote>$ apt-get install git-flow</blockquote>
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<h3>Windows (Cygwin)</h3>
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<blockquote>
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$ wget -q -O - --no-check-certificate
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https://raw.github.com/petervanderdoes/gitflow-avh/develop/contrib/gitflow-installer.sh
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install stable | bash
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</blockquote>
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<p>在 Windows 下安装 git-flow, 你會需要 wget 和 util-linux。</p>
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</div>
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<div class="col-2">
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<p>
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更詳細的 git-flow 安裝指南，請參閱
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<a
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href="https://github.com/petervanderdoes/gitflow-avh/wiki/Installation"
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target="_blank"
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>git flow wiki</a
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>.
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</p>
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<img src="img/download.png" alt="install git-flow" />
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="scrollblock">
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<h2>
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<a name="getting_started" href="#getting_started">開始 git-flow</a>
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</h2>
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<p>在開始使用 git-flow 之前，你必須完成一些簡單的設定。</p>
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<p class="divider">★ ★ ★</p>
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<div class="col-1">
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<h3>初始化</h3>
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<p>
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開始使用 git-flow 前，你必須切換目錄至你的 git
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專案中，並且以下列指令進行初始化:
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</p>
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<blockquote>git flow init</blockquote>
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<p>
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接著您必須回答幾個問題，是關於分支名稱的定義。<br />這裡建議使用預設值。
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="col-2">
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<div class="initialize"></div>
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<div class="lines-small"></div>
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<div class="lines-open"></div>
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<div class="lines-big"></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="scrollblock">
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<h2><a name="features" href="#features">新功能分支(Feature)</a></h2>
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<ul class="narrow">
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<li>為接下即將發佈的版本開發新功能時使用。</li>
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<li>通常新功能分支只會存於開發者機器上。</li>
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</ul>
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<p class="divider">★ ★ ★</p>
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2014-11-07 06:02:08 +01:00
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2024-12-12 12:44:12 +01:00
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<div class="col-1">
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<h3>開始新功能設計</h3>
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<p>新功能的開發是由 'develop' 分支的最後一個版本發展出來的。</p>
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<p>使用下列的命令可以開始一個新功能的分支：</p>
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<blockquote>git flow feature start MYFEATURE</blockquote>
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<p>
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這個命令將會於 'develop' 的最後一個版本建立出另一個
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'feature/MYFEATURE'
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分支，並自動切換至這個分支底下。現在你可以開始製作新功能。
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="col-2">
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<div class="feature-start"></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="scrollblock">
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<div class="col-1">
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<h3>完成新功能</h3>
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<p>當你在新功能分支完成新功能後，使用下列指令來結束新功能開發:</p>
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<blockquote>git flow feature finish MYFEATURE</blockquote>
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<p>這個指令會替你完成下列動作:</p>
|
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<ul>
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<li>合並(Merge) MYFEATURE 分支回到 'develop'</li>
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<li>刪除這個新功能分支</li>
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<li>切換回 'develop' 分支</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<div class="col-2">
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<div class="feature-end"></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="scrollblock">
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<div class="col-1">
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<h3>發佈新功能分支</h3>
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<p>
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你是否需多人合作開發新功能？<br />
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透過下列命令來發佈新功能分支到遠端 git
|
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伺服器，讓其他使用者也能共用這個新功能分支。
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</p>
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<blockquote>git flow feature publish MYFEATURE</blockquote>
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</div>
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<div class="col-2">
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<div class="feature-publish"></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="scrollblock">
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<div class="col-1">
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<h3>取得新功能分支</h3>
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<p>
|
2014-11-07 18:51:49 +01:00
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當你需接手完成新功能時，透過下列命令取得遠端伺服器上的新功能分支，並得到所有保存在遠端伺服器上的變更紀錄：
|
2024-12-12 12:44:12 +01:00
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</p>
|
2014-11-07 19:00:53 +01:00
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2024-12-12 12:44:12 +01:00
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<blockquote>git flow feature pull MYFEATURE</blockquote>
|
2014-11-07 19:00:53 +01:00
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2024-12-12 12:44:12 +01:00
|
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<p>你也可以透過下列指令進而追蹤一個功能:</p>
|
2014-11-07 06:02:08 +01:00
|
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|
2024-12-12 12:44:12 +01:00
|
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|
<blockquote>git flow feature track MYFEATURE</blockquote>
|
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|
</div>
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<div class="col-2">
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<div class="feature-pull"></div>
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</div>
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</div>
|
2014-11-07 06:02:08 +01:00
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|
2024-12-12 12:44:12 +01:00
|
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|
<div class="scrollblock">
|
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|
<h2><a name="release" href="#release">製作發佈版本(release)</a></h2>
|
2014-11-07 06:02:08 +01:00
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|
2014-11-08 02:13:09 +01:00
|
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|
<ul>
|
2024-12-12 12:44:12 +01:00
|
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<li>用於支援準備發佈正式產品前的預備分支。</li>
|
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|
<li>允許修正小問題，並為發布版本準備或修改中介資料。</li>
|
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|
|
</ul>
|
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|
|
<p class="divider">★ ★ ★</p>
|
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|
<div class="col-1">
|
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|
|
<h3>開始推出新版本</h3>
|
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|
|
|
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|
|
|
<p>使用下列指令準備推出(release)新版本分支:</p>
|
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|
|
|
|
<blockquote>git flow release start RELEASE [BASE]</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>它會從 'develop' 分支的最後一個版本創建出 release 分支。</p>
|
|
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|
|
<p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
你也可以選擇性的加入一個 sha-1 hash
|
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|
|
於<code>[BASE]</code>參數，這會讓 release 分支於您指定的 develop
|
|
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|
|
提交紀錄點產生分支。有一點需要注意的是，sha-1 hash 只能是於'develop'
|
|
|
|
|
|
分支下。
|
|
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|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p class="divider">★ ★ ★</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
最佳的狀況下，在創建出新的 release
|
|
|
|
|
|
分支後，應要立即的發布至遠端伺服器上，讓其他團隊中的開發者也能存取這個
|
|
|
|
|
|
release 分支。而這個發布指令很類似於發布新功能:
|
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>git flow release publish RELEASE</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
(您也可以透過 <br /><code>git flow release track RELEASE</code>
|
|
|
|
|
|
指令來取得 release 版本的遠端更改)
|
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="col-2">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="release-start"></div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="scrollblock">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="col-1">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h3>完成推出新版本</h3>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
完成 release 版本是一個很大的 git 分支操作。但你只許要執行下列指令:
|
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>git flow release finish RELEASE</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>git flow 會幫你執行下面幾個步驟:</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
2014-11-08 02:13:09 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<li>合並 release 分支到 'master'</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>在 master 加上版本號標籤<small>(Tag)</small></li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>合並 release 分支到 'develop'</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>移除 release 分支</li>
|
2024-12-12 12:44:12 +01:00
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="col-2">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="release-end"></div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
2014-11-07 06:02:08 +01:00
|
|
|
|
|
2024-12-12 12:44:12 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<div class="scrollblock">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h2><a name="hotfixes" href="#hotfixes">快速修復(hotfix)</a></h2>
|
2014-11-07 06:02:08 +01:00
|
|
|
|
|
2024-12-12 12:44:12 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
當你的產品發佈環境處於不可預期的狀況，且發生了一些需要立即修正的問題，您可以使用
|
|
|
|
|
|
hotfix 來幫助您。
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>hotfix 是從 master 中加入的版本標籤開始。</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p class="divider">★ ★ ★</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="col-1">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h3>開始快速修復</h3>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
快速修復(hotfix)就像其他的 git flow
|
|
|
|
|
|
指令一樣，您可以透過下列指令開始：
|
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>git flow hotfix start VERSION [BASENAME]</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
你必須填寫一個 VERSION 參數，這代表當你完成 hotfix
|
|
|
|
|
|
時發佈的版本號碼。
|
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
此外你可以自由挑選修復開始的分支名稱<code>[BASENAME]</code>，分支名稱如果不填寫的狀況下，預設是
|
|
|
|
|
|
'master'。
|
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="col-2">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="hotfix-start"></div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="scrollblock">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="col-1">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h3>完成快速修復</h3>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
當你在快速修復分支完成修復後，透過下列的指令讓修復分支合並回 develop
|
|
|
|
|
|
和 master 分支。並且在 master 分支加上修訂版本號的標籤(tag):
|
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>git flow hotfix finish VERSION</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="col-2">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="hotfix-end"></div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="col-1"></div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="col-2">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="lines-close"></div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="lines-small-end"></div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="scrollblock">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h2><a name="commands" href="#commands">指令一覽圖</a></h2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<img src="img/git-flow-commands.png" alt="git-flow commands" />
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="scrollblock">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h2>備註</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p class="divider">★ ★ ★</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>這裡我們只介紹了重要且常用的功能，並非包含所有的指令。</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
git-flow 只是一個額外的擴充功能，即使安裝了 git-flow
|
|
|
|
|
|
後你依然可以使用你所知道的原生 git 指令。
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>'support' 分支目前為測試版本不建議使用。</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>如果你很樂意提供翻譯，我很樂意整合。</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p class="divider">★ ★ ★</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
2014-11-07 06:02:08 +01:00
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2024-12-12 12:44:12 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<footer>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="scrollblock">
|
2014-11-08 10:26:55 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<h2><a name="comments" href="#comments">建議與回應</a></h2>
|
2014-11-07 06:02:08 +01:00
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|
<div id="disqus_thread"></div>
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2024-12-12 12:44:12 +01:00
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</div>
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</footer>
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2014-11-07 06:02:08 +01:00
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2014-11-07 06:02:08 +01:00
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