3.2.4

* Explicitly load default certificates when creating SSL context (#1583)

Requests prior to 2.32.3 always loaded the default (system-wide)
set of trusted certificates into custom SSL contexts. 2.32.3 no
longer does. This has broken a lot of users, but the fix is
moving slowly upstream due to security considerations - see
https://github.com/psf/requests/issues/6730 and
https://github.com/psf/requests/pull/6731 .

As suggested at
https://github.com/psf/requests/pull/6710#issuecomment-2137802782
this can be worked around by explicitly loading the default
certificates into the context. We check the method exists before
calling it just to be safe, it was added in Python 3.4.

Signed-off-by: Adam Williamson <awilliam@redhat.com>

* Drop the upper bound on the requests dependency again

As we can now work with requests 2.32.3+, we no longer need this
pin.

Signed-off-by: Adam Williamson <awilliam@redhat.com>

---------

Signed-off-by: Adam Williamson <awilliam@redhat.com>

.github/workflows/benchmark.yml

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v3
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
         with:
           python-version: "3.9"
 
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ jobs:
           echo "::set-output name=body::$body"
 
       - name: Find Comment
-        uses: peter-evans/find-comment@v1
+        uses: peter-evans/find-comment@v2
         id: fc
         with:
           issue-number: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ jobs:
           body-includes: '# Benchmarks'
 
       - name: Create or update comment
-        uses: peter-evans/create-or-update-comment@v1
+        uses: peter-evans/create-or-update-comment@v2
         with:
           comment-id: ${{ steps.fc.outputs.comment-id }}
           issue-number: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}

.github/workflows/code-style.yml

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v3
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
         with:
           python-version: 3.9
       - run: make venv

.github/workflows/content.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+name: Update Generated Content
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - master
+jobs:
+  update-content:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+        with:
+          python-version: 3.9
+      - run: make content
+      - name: Create Pull Request
+        id: cpr
+        uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@v4
+        with:
+          commit-message: "[automated] Update generated content"
+          title: "[automated] Update generated content"
+          delete-branch: true
+          token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}

.github/workflows/coverage.yml

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v3
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
         with:
           python-version: "3.10"
       - run: make install

.github/workflows/docs-deploy.yml

@@ -17,6 +17,6 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Install HTTPie
-        run: sudo snap install --edge httpie
+        run: sudo pip install httpie
       - name: Trigger new documentation build
         run: http --ignore-stdin POST ${{ secrets.DOCS_UPDATE_VERCEL_HOOK }}

.github/workflows/docs-update-install.yml

@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-name: Update & Install Docs
-
-on:
-  push:
-    branches:
-      - master
-    paths:
-      - .github/workflows/docs-update-install.yml
-      - docs/installation/*
-
-  # Allow to call the workflow manually
-  workflow_dispatch:
-
-jobs:
-  doc:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v3
-        with:
-          python-version: 3.9
-      - run: make install
-      - run: make doc-update-install
-      - uses: Automattic/action-commit-to-branch@master
-        with:
-          branch: master
-          commit_message: |
-            Auto-update install docs
-
-            Via .github/workflows/docs-update-install.yml
-
-        env:
-          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}

.github/workflows/release-brew.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+name: Release on Homebrew
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      branch:
+        description: "The branch, tag or SHA to release from"
+        required: true
+        default: "master"
+
+jobs:
+  brew-release:
+    name: Release the Homebrew Package
+    runs-on: macos-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        with:
+          ref: ${{ github.event.inputs.branch }}
+
+      - uses: mislav/bump-homebrew-formula-action@v2
+        with:
+          formula-name: httpie
+          tag-name: ${{ github.events.inputs.branch }}
+        env:
+          COMMITTER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.BREW_UPDATE_TOKEN }}

.github/workflows/release-choco.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+name: Release on Chocolatey
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      branch:
+        description: "The branch, tag or SHA to release from"
+        required: true
+        default: "master"
+
+jobs:
+  brew-release:
+    name: Release the Chocolatey
+    runs-on: windows-2019
+    env:
+        package-dir: docs\packaging\windows-chocolatey
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        with:
+          ref: ${{ github.event.inputs.branch }}
+
+      # Chocolatey comes already installed on the Windows GHA image
+      - name: Build the Choco package
+        shell: cmd
+        run: choco pack -v
+        working-directory: ${{ env.package-dir }}
+
+      - name: Check the Choco package
+        run: choco info httpie -s .
+        working-directory: ${{ env.package-dir }}
+
+      - name: Local installation
+        run: |
+          choco install httpie -y -dv -s "'.;https://community.chocolatey.org/api/v2/'"
+        working-directory: ${{ env.package-dir }}
+
+      - name: Test the locally installed binaries
+        run: |
+          # Source: https://stackoverflow.com/a/46760714/15330941
+
+          # Make `refreshenv` available right away, by defining the $env:ChocolateyInstall
+          # variable and importing the Chocolatey profile module.
+          $env:ChocolateyInstall = Convert-Path "$((Get-Command choco).Path)\..\.."
+          Import-Module "$env:ChocolateyInstall\helpers\chocolateyProfile.psm1"
+          refreshenv
+
+          http --version
+          https --version
+          httpie --version
+          choco uninstall -y httpie
+        working-directory: ${{ env.package-dir }}
+
+      - name: Publish on Chocolatey
+        shell: bash
+        env:
+          CHOCO_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.CHOCO_API_KEY }}
+        run: |
+          choco apikey --key $CHOCO_API_KEY --source https://push.chocolatey.org/
+          choco push httpie*.nupkg --source https://push.chocolatey.org/
+        working-directory: ${{ env.package-dir }}

.github/workflows/release-linux-standalone.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+name: Release as Standalone Linux Package
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      branch:
+        description: "The branch, tag or SHA to release from"
+        required: true
+        default: "master"
+      tag_name:
+        description: "Which release to upload the artifacts to (e.g., 3.0)"
+        required: true
+
+  release:
+    types: [released, prereleased]
+
+
+jobs:
+  binary-build-and-release:
+    name: Build and Release
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        with:
+          ref: ${{ github.event.inputs.branch }}
+
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+        with:
+          python-version: 3.9
+
+      - name: Build Artifacts
+        run: |
+          cd extras/packaging/linux
+          ./get_release_artifacts.sh
+
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+        with:
+          name: http
+          path: extras/packaging/linux/artifacts/dist/http
+
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+        with:
+          name: httpie.deb
+          path: extras/packaging/linux/artifacts/dist/*.deb
+
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+        with:
+          name: httpie.rpm
+          path: extras/packaging/linux/artifacts/dist/*.rpm
+
+      - name: Determine the release upload upload_url
+        id: release_id
+        run: |
+          pip install httpie
+          export API_URL="api.github.com/repos/httpie/cli/releases/tags/${{ github.event.inputs.tag_name }}"
+          export UPLOAD_URL=`https --ignore-stdin GET $API_URL | jq -r ".upload_url"`
+          echo "::set-output name=UPLOAD_URL::$UPLOAD_URL"
+
+      - name: Publish Debian Package
+        uses: actions/upload-release-asset@v1.0.2
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        with:
+          upload_url: ${{ steps.release_id.outputs.UPLOAD_URL }}
+          asset_path: extras/packaging/linux/artifacts/dist/httpie_${{ github.event.inputs.tag_name }}_amd64.deb
+          asset_name: httpie-${{ github.event.inputs.tag_name }}.deb
+          asset_content_type: binary/octet-stream
+
+      - name: Publish Single Executable
+        uses: actions/upload-release-asset@v1.0.2
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        with:
+          upload_url: ${{ steps.release_id.outputs.UPLOAD_URL }}
+          asset_path: extras/packaging/linux/artifacts/dist/http
+          asset_name: http
+          asset_content_type: binary/octet-stream

.github/workflows/release-pypi.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+name: Release on PyPI
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      branch:
+        description: "The branch, tag or SHA to release from"
+        required: true
+        default: "master"
+
+jobs:
+  pypi-build-and-release:
+    name: Build and Release
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        with:
+          ref: ${{ github.event.inputs.branch }}
+
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+        with:
+          python-version: 3.9
+
+      - name: Build a binary wheel and a source tarball
+        run: make install && make build
+
+      - name: Release on PyPI
+        uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@master
+        with:
+          password: ${{ secrets.PYPI_TOKEN }}

.github/workflows/release-snap.yml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-name: Release snap
+name: Release on Snap
 
 on:
   workflow_dispatch:
@@ -7,22 +7,35 @@ on:
         description: "The branch, tag or SHA to release from"
         required: true
         default: "master"
-      level:
-        description: "Release level: stable, candidate, beta, edge"
-        required: true
-        default: "edge"
 
 jobs:
-  snap:
+  snap-build-and-release:
+    name: Build & Release the Snap Package
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    strategy:
+      # If any of the stages fail, then we'll stop the action
+      # to give release manager time to investigate the underlying
+      # issue.
+      fail-fast: true
+      matrix:
+        level: [edge, beta, candidate, stable]
+
+    # Set the concurrency level for this version, so
+    # that we'll release one by one.
+    concurrency: ${{ github.event.inputs.branch }}
+
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
         with:
           ref: ${{ github.event.inputs.branch }}
+
       - uses: snapcore/action-build@v1
         id: build
+
       - uses: snapcore/action-publish@v1
+        env:
+          SNAPCRAFT_STORE_CREDENTIALS: ${{ secrets.SNAP_STORE_LOGIN }}
         with:
-          store_login: ${{ secrets.SNAP_STORE_LOGIN }}
           snap: ${{ steps.build.outputs.snap }}
-          release: ${{ github.event.inputs.level }}
+          release: ${{ matrix.level }}

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-name: Release on PyPI
-
-on:
-  # Add a "Trigger" button to manually start the workflow.
-  workflow_dispatch:
-    inputs:
-      branch:
-        description: "The branch, tag or SHA to release from"
-        required: true
-        default: "master"
-  # It could be fully automated by uncommenting following lines.
-  # Let's see later if we are confident enough to try it :)
-  # release:
-  #   types:
-  #     - published
-
-jobs:
-  new-release:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-        with:
-          ref: ${{ github.event.inputs.branch }}
-      - name: PyPI configuration
-        run: |
-          echo "[distutils]\nindex-servers=\n    httpie\n\n[httpie]\nrepository = https://upload.pypi.org/legacy/\n" > $HOME/.pypirc
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v3
-        with:
-          python-version: 3.9
-      - run: make publish
-        env:
-          TWINE_USERNAME: __token__
-          TWINE_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.PYPI_TOKEN }}

.github/workflows/stale.yml

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/stale@v4
+    - uses: actions/stale@v8
       with:
         close-pr-message: 'Thanks for the pull request, but since it was stale for more than a 30 days we are closing it. If you want to work back on it, feel free to re-open it or create a new one.'
         stale-pr-label: 'stale'

.github/workflows/tests.yml

@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
 name: Tests
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
 
 on:
   push:
@@ -21,13 +24,19 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-latest, macos-latest, windows-latest]
+        os: [ubuntu-latest, macos-13, windows-latest]
-        python-version: [3.7, 3.8, 3.9, "3.10"]
+        python-version:
+          - '3.12'
+          - '3.11'
+          - '3.10'
+          - '3.9'
+          - '3.8'
+          - '3.7'
         pyopenssl: [0, 1]
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v3
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
         with:
           python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
       - name: Windows setup

.gitignore

@@ -43,8 +43,8 @@ MANIFEST
 # PyInstaller
 #  Usually these files are written by a python script from a template
 #  before PyInstaller builds the exe, so as to inject date/other infos into it.
-*.manifest
 *.spec
+*.manifest
 
 # Installer logs
 pip-log.txt
@@ -151,3 +151,5 @@ dmypy.json
 
 # Windows Chocolatey
 *.nupkg
+
+artifacts/

.packit.yaml

@@ -7,11 +7,6 @@ actions:
   # Use this when the latest spec is not up-to-date.
   # post-upstream-clone: "cp docs/packaging/linux-fedora/httpie.spec.txt httpie.spec"
 jobs:
-- job: copr_build
-  trigger: pull_request
-  metadata:
-    targets:
-    - fedora-all
 - job: propose_downstream
   trigger: release
   metadata:

AUTHORS.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 ## Patches, features, ideas
 
-[Complete list of contributors on GitHub](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/graphs/contributors)
+[Complete list of contributors on GitHub](https://github.com/httpie/cli/graphs/contributors)
 
 - [Cláudia T. Delgado](https://github.com/claudiatd)
 - [Hank Gay](https://github.com/gthank)

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -3,124 +3,156 @@
 This document records all notable changes to [HTTPie](https://httpie.io).
 This project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/).
 
-## [3.1.0](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/3.0.2...3.1.0) (2022-03-08)
+## [3.2.4](https://github.com/httpie/cli/compare/3.2.3...3.2.4) (2024-11-01)
 
-- **SECURITY** Fixed the [vulnerability](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/security/advisories/GHSA-9w4w-cpc8-h2fq) that caused exposure of cookies on redirects to third party hosts. ([#1312](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/pull/1312))
+- Fix default certs loading and unpin `requests`. ([#1596](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/1596))
-- Fixed escaping of integer indexes with multiple backslashes in the nested JSON builder. ([#1285](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1285))
-- Fixed displaying of status code without a status message on non-`auto` themes. ([#1300](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1300))
-- Fixed redundant issuance of stdin detection warnings on some rare cases due to underlying implementation. ([#1303](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/pull/1303))
-- Fixed double `--quiet` so that it will now suppress all python level warnings. ([#1271](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1271))
-- Added support for specifying certificate private key passphrases through `--cert-key-pass` and prompts. ([#946](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/946))
-- Added `httpie cli export-args` command for exposing the parser specification for the `http`/`https` commands. ([#1293](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/pull/1293))
-- Improved regulation of top-level arrays. ([#1292](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/commit/225dccb2186f14f871695b6c4e0bfbcdb2e3aa28))
-- Improved UI layout for standalone invocations. ([#1296](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/pull/1296))
 
-## [3.0.2](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/3.0.1...3.0.2) (2022-01-24)
+## [3.2.3](https://github.com/httpie/cli/compare/3.2.2...3.2.3) (2024-07-10)
+
+- Fix SSL connections by pinning the `requests` version to `2.31.0`. (#1583, #1581)
+- Make it possible to [unset](https://httpie.io/docs/cli/default-request-headers) the `User-Agent` and `Accept-Encoding` request headers. ([#1502](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/1502))
+
+## [3.2.2](https://github.com/httpie/cli/compare/3.2.1...3.2.2) (2023-05-19)
+
+- Fixed compatibility with urllib3 2.0.0. ([#1499](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/1499))
+
+## [3.2.1](https://github.com/httpie/cli/compare/3.1.0...3.2.1) (2022-05-06)
+
+- Improved support for determining auto-streaming when the `Content-Type` header includes encoding information. ([#1383](https://github.com/httpie/cli/pull/1383))
+- Fixed the display of the crash happening in the secondary process for update checks. ([#1388](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/1388))
+
+## [3.2.0](https://github.com/httpie/cli/compare/3.1.0...3.2.0) (2022-05-05)
+
+- Added a warning for notifying the user about the new updates. ([#1336](https://github.com/httpie/cli/pull/1336))
+- Added support for single binary executables. ([#1330](https://github.com/httpie/cli/pull/1330))
+- Added support for man pages (and auto generation of them from the parser declaration). ([#1317](https://github.com/httpie/cli/pull/1317))
+- Added `http --manual` for man pages & regular manual with pager. ([#1343](https://github.com/httpie/cli/pull/1343))
+- Added support for session persistence of repeated headers with the same name. ([#1335](https://github.com/httpie/cli/pull/1335))
+- Added support for sending `Secure` cookies to the `localhost` (and `.local` suffixed domains). ([#1308](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/1308))
+- Improved UI for the progress bars. ([#1324](https://github.com/httpie/cli/pull/1324))
+- Fixed redundant creation of `Content-Length` header on `OPTIONS` requests. ([#1310](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/1310))
+- Fixed blocking of warning thread on some use cases. ([#1349](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/1349))
+- Changed `httpie plugins` to the new `httpie cli` namespace as `httpie cli plugins` (`httpie plugins` continues to work as a hidden alias). ([#1320](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/1320))
+- Soft deprecated the `--history-print`. ([#1380](https://github.com/httpie/cli/pull/1380))
+
+## [3.1.0](https://github.com/httpie/cli/compare/3.0.2...3.1.0) (2022-03-08)
+
+- **SECURITY** Fixed the [vulnerability](https://github.com/httpie/cli/security/advisories/GHSA-9w4w-cpc8-h2fq) that caused exposure of cookies on redirects to third party hosts. ([#1312](https://github.com/httpie/cli/pull/1312))
+- Fixed escaping of integer indexes with multiple backslashes in the nested JSON builder. ([#1285](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/1285))
+- Fixed displaying of status code without a status message on non-`auto` themes. ([#1300](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/1300))
+- Fixed redundant issuance of stdin detection warnings on some rare cases due to underlying implementation. ([#1303](https://github.com/httpie/cli/pull/1303))
+- Fixed double `--quiet` so that it will now suppress all python level warnings. ([#1271](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/1271))
+- Added support for specifying certificate private key passphrases through `--cert-key-pass` and prompts. ([#946](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/946))
+- Added `httpie cli export-args` command for exposing the parser specification for the `http`/`https` commands. ([#1293](https://github.com/httpie/cli/pull/1293))
+- Improved regulation of top-level arrays. ([#1292](https://github.com/httpie/cli/commit/225dccb2186f14f871695b6c4e0bfbcdb2e3aa28))
+- Improved UI layout for standalone invocations. ([#1296](https://github.com/httpie/cli/pull/1296))
+
+## [3.0.2](https://github.com/httpie/cli/compare/3.0.1...3.0.2) (2022-01-24)
 
 [What’s new in HTTPie for Terminal 3.0 →](https://httpie.io/blog/httpie-3.0.0)
 
-- Fixed usage of `httpie` when there is a presence of a config with `default_options`. ([#1280](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/pull/1280))
+- Fixed usage of `httpie` when there is a presence of a config with `default_options`. ([#1280](https://github.com/httpie/cli/pull/1280))
 
-## [3.0.1](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/3.0.0...3.0.1) (2022-01-23)
+## [3.0.1](https://github.com/httpie/cli/compare/3.0.0...3.0.1) (2022-01-23)
 
 [What’s new in HTTPie for Terminal 3.0 →](https://httpie.io/blog/httpie-3.0.0)
 
-- Changed the value shown as time elapsed from time-to-read-headers to total exchange time. ([#1277](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1277))
+- Changed the value shown as time elapsed from time-to-read-headers to total exchange time. ([#1277](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/1277))
 
-## [3.0.0](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/2.6.0...3.0.0) (2022-01-21)
+## [3.0.0](https://github.com/httpie/cli/compare/2.6.0...3.0.0) (2022-01-21)
 
 [What’s new in HTTPie for Terminal 3.0 →](https://httpie.io/blog/httpie-3.0.0)
 
-- Dropped support for Python 3.6. ([#1177](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1177))
+- Dropped support for Python 3.6. ([#1177](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/1177))
-- Improved startup time by 40%. ([#1211](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/pull/1211))
+- Improved startup time by 40%. ([#1211](https://github.com/httpie/cli/pull/1211))
-- Added support for nested JSON syntax. ([#1169](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1169))
+- Added support for nested JSON syntax. ([#1169](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/1169))
-- Added `httpie plugins` interface for plugin management. ([#566](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/566))
+- Added `httpie plugins` interface for plugin management. ([#566](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/566))
-- Added support for Bearer authentication via `--auth-type=bearer` ([#1215](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1215)).
+- Added support for Bearer authentication via `--auth-type=bearer` ([#1215](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/1215)).
-- Added support for quick conversions of pasted URLs into HTTPie calls by adding a space after the protocol name (`$ https ://pie.dev` → `https://pie.dev`). ([#1195](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1195))
+- Added support for quick conversions of pasted URLs into HTTPie calls by adding a space after the protocol name (`$ https ://pie.dev` → `https://pie.dev`). ([#1195](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/1195))
-- Added support for _sending_ multiple HTTP header lines with the same name. ([#130](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/130))
+- Added support for _sending_ multiple HTTP header lines with the same name. ([#130](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/130))
-- Added support for _receiving_ multiple HTTP headers lines with the same name. ([#1207](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1207))
+- Added support for _receiving_ multiple HTTP headers lines with the same name. ([#1207](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/1207))
-- Added support for basic JSON types on `--form`/`--multipart` when using JSON only operators (`:=`/`:=@`). ([#1212](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1212))
+- Added support for basic JSON types on `--form`/`--multipart` when using JSON only operators (`:=`/`:=@`). ([#1212](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/1212))
-- Added support for automatically enabling `--stream` when `Content-Type` is `text/event-stream`. ([#376](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/376))
+- Added support for automatically enabling `--stream` when `Content-Type` is `text/event-stream`. ([#376](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/376))
-- Added support for displaying the total elapsed time through `--meta`/`-vv` or `--print=m`. ([#243](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/243))
+- Added support for displaying the total elapsed time through `--meta`/`-vv` or `--print=m`. ([#243](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/243))
-- Added new `pie-dark`/`pie-light` (and `pie`) styles that match with [HTTPie for Web and Desktop](https://httpie.io/product). ([#1237](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1237))
+- Added new `pie-dark`/`pie-light` (and `pie`) styles that match with [HTTPie for Web and Desktop](https://httpie.io/product). ([#1237](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/1237))
-- Added support for better error handling on DNS failures. ([#1248](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1248))
+- Added support for better error handling on DNS failures. ([#1248](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/1248))
-- Added support for storing prompted passwords in the local sessions. ([#1098](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1098))
+- Added support for storing prompted passwords in the local sessions. ([#1098](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/1098))
-- Added warnings about the `--ignore-stdin`, when there is no incoming data from stdin. ([#1255](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1255))
+- Added warnings about the `--ignore-stdin`, when there is no incoming data from stdin. ([#1255](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/1255))
-- Fixed crashing due to broken plugins. ([#1204](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1204))
+- Fixed crashing due to broken plugins. ([#1204](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/1204))
-- Fixed auto addition of XML declaration to every formatted XML response. ([#1156](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1156))
+- Fixed auto addition of XML declaration to every formatted XML response. ([#1156](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/1156))
-- Fixed highlighting when `Content-Type` specifies `charset`. ([#1242](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1242))
+- Fixed highlighting when `Content-Type` specifies `charset`. ([#1242](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/1242))
-- Fixed an unexpected crash when `--raw` is used with `--chunked`. ([#1253](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1253))
+- Fixed an unexpected crash when `--raw` is used with `--chunked`. ([#1253](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/1253))
-- Changed the default Windows theme from `fruity` to `auto`. ([#1266](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1266))
+- Changed the default Windows theme from `fruity` to `auto`. ([#1266](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/1266))
 
-## [2.6.0](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/2.5.0...2.6.0) (2021-10-14)
+## [2.6.0](https://github.com/httpie/cli/compare/2.5.0...2.6.0) (2021-10-14)
 
 [What’s new in HTTPie for Terminal 2.6.0 →](https://httpie.io/blog/httpie-2.6.0)
 
-- Added support for formatting & coloring of JSON bodies preceded by non-JSON data (e.g., an XXSI prefix). ([#1130](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1130))
+- Added support for formatting & coloring of JSON bodies preceded by non-JSON data (e.g., an XXSI prefix). ([#1130](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/1130))
-- Added charset auto-detection when `Content-Type` doesn’t include it. ([#1110](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1110), [#1168](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1168))
+- Added charset auto-detection when `Content-Type` doesn’t include it. ([#1110](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/1110), [#1168](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/1168))
-- Added `--response-charset` to allow overriding the response encoding for terminal display purposes. ([#1168](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1168))
+- Added `--response-charset` to allow overriding the response encoding for terminal display purposes. ([#1168](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/1168))
-- Added `--response-mime` to allow overriding the response mime type for coloring and formatting for the terminal. ([#1168](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1168))
+- Added `--response-mime` to allow overriding the response mime type for coloring and formatting for the terminal. ([#1168](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/1168))
-- Added the ability to silence warnings through using `-q` or `--quiet` twice (e.g. `-qq`) ([#1175](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1175))
+- Added the ability to silence warnings through using `-q` or `--quiet` twice (e.g. `-qq`) ([#1175](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/1175))
-- Added installed plugin list to `--debug` output. ([#1165](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1165))
+- Added installed plugin list to `--debug` output. ([#1165](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/1165))
-- Fixed duplicate keys preservation in JSON data. ([#1163](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1163))
+- Fixed duplicate keys preservation in JSON data. ([#1163](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/1163))
 
-## [2.5.0](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/2.4.0...2.5.0) (2021-09-06)
+## [2.5.0](https://github.com/httpie/cli/compare/2.4.0...2.5.0) (2021-09-06)
 
 [What’s new in HTTPie for Terminal 2.5.0 →](https://httpie.io/blog/httpie-2.5.0)
 
 - Added `--raw` to allow specifying the raw request body without extra processing as
-  an alternative to `stdin`. ([#534](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/534))
+  an alternative to `stdin`. ([#534](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/534))
-- Added support for XML formatting. ([#1129](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1129))
+- Added support for XML formatting. ([#1129](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/1129))
-- Added internal support for file-like object responses to improve adapter plugin support. ([#1094](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1094))
+- Added internal support for file-like object responses to improve adapter plugin support. ([#1094](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/1094))
-- Fixed `--continue --download` with a single byte to be downloaded left. ([#1032](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1032))
+- Fixed `--continue --download` with a single byte to be downloaded left. ([#1032](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/1032))
-- Fixed `--verbose` HTTP 307 redirects with streamed request body. ([#1088](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1088))
+- Fixed `--verbose` HTTP 307 redirects with streamed request body. ([#1088](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/1088))
-- Fixed handling of session files with `Cookie:` followed by other headers. ([#1126](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1126))
+- Fixed handling of session files with `Cookie:` followed by other headers. ([#1126](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/1126))
 
-## [2.4.0](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/2.3.0...2.4.0) (2021-02-06)
+## [2.4.0](https://github.com/httpie/cli/compare/2.3.0...2.4.0) (2021-02-06)
 
-- Added support for `--session` cookie expiration based on `Set-Cookie: max-age=<n>`. ([#1029](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1029))
+- Added support for `--session` cookie expiration based on `Set-Cookie: max-age=<n>`. ([#1029](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/1029))
-- Show a `--check-status` warning with `--quiet` as well, not only when the output is redirected. ([#1026](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1026))
+- Show a `--check-status` warning with `--quiet` as well, not only when the output is redirected. ([#1026](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/1026))
-- Fixed upload with `--session` ([#1020](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1020)).
+- Fixed upload with `--session` ([#1020](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/1020)).
-- Fixed a missing blank line between request and response ([#1006](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1006)).
+- Fixed a missing blank line between request and response ([#1006](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/1006)).
 
-## [2.3.0](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/2.2.0...2.3.0) (2020-10-25)
+## [2.3.0](https://github.com/httpie/cli/compare/2.2.0...2.3.0) (2020-10-25)
 
-- Added support for streamed uploads ([#201](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/201)).
+- Added support for streamed uploads ([#201](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/201)).
-- Added support for multipart upload streaming ([#684](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/684)).
+- Added support for multipart upload streaming ([#684](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/684)).
 - Added support for body-from-file upload streaming (`http pie.dev/post @file`).
-- Added `--chunked` to enable chunked transfer encoding ([#753](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/753)).
+- Added `--chunked` to enable chunked transfer encoding ([#753](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/753)).
 - Added `--multipart` to allow `multipart/form-data` encoding for non-file `--form` requests as well.
-- Added support for preserving field order in multipart requests ([#903](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/903)).
+- Added support for preserving field order in multipart requests ([#903](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/903)).
 - Added `--boundary` to allow a custom boundary string for `multipart/form-data` requests.
-- Added support for combining cookies specified on the CLI and in a session file ([#932](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/932)).
+- Added support for combining cookies specified on the CLI and in a session file ([#932](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/932)).
-- Added out of the box SOCKS support with no extra installation ([#904](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/904)).
+- Added out of the box SOCKS support with no extra installation ([#904](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/904)).
 - Added `--quiet, -q` flag to enforce silent behaviour.
-- Fixed the handling of invalid `expires` dates in `Set-Cookie` headers ([#963](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/963)).
+- Fixed the handling of invalid `expires` dates in `Set-Cookie` headers ([#963](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/963)).
-- Removed Tox testing entirely ([#943](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/943)).
+- Removed Tox testing entirely ([#943](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/943)).
 
-## [2.2.0](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/2.1.0...2.2.0) (2020-06-18)
+## [2.2.0](https://github.com/httpie/cli/compare/2.1.0...2.2.0) (2020-06-18)
 
-- Added support for custom content types for uploaded files ([#668](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/668)).
+- Added support for custom content types for uploaded files ([#668](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/668)).
-- Added support for `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME` ([#920](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/920)).
+- Added support for `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME` ([#920](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/920)).
-- Added support for `Set-Cookie`-triggered cookie expiration ([#853](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/853)).
+- Added support for `Set-Cookie`-triggered cookie expiration ([#853](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/853)).
-- Added `--format-options` to allow disabling sorting, etc. ([#128](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/128))
+- Added `--format-options` to allow disabling sorting, etc. ([#128](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/128))
-- Added `--sorted` and `--unsorted` shortcuts for (un)setting all sorting-related `--format-options`. ([#128](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/128))
+- Added `--sorted` and `--unsorted` shortcuts for (un)setting all sorting-related `--format-options`. ([#128](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/128))
-- Added `--ciphers` to allow configuring OpenSSL ciphers ([#870](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/870)).
+- Added `--ciphers` to allow configuring OpenSSL ciphers ([#870](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/870)).
 - Added `netrc` support for auth plugins. Enabled for `--auth-type=basic`
-  and `digest`, 3rd parties may opt in ([#718](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/718), [#719](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/719), [#852](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/852), [#934](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/934)).
+  and `digest`, 3rd parties may opt in ([#718](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/718), [#719](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/719), [#852](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/852), [#934](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/934)).
-- Fixed built-in plugins-related circular imports ([#925](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/925)).
+- Fixed built-in plugins-related circular imports ([#925](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/925)).
 
-## [2.1.0](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/2.0.0...2.1.0) (2020-04-18)
+## [2.1.0](https://github.com/httpie/cli/compare/2.0.0...2.1.0) (2020-04-18)
 
 - Added `--path-as-is` to bypass dot segment (`/../` or `/./`)
-  URL squashing ([#895](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/895)).
+  URL squashing ([#895](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/895)).
 - Changed the default `Accept` header value for JSON requests from
   `application/json, */*` to `application/json, */*;q=0.5`
-  to clearly indicate preference ([#488](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/488)).
+  to clearly indicate preference ([#488](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/488)).
 - Fixed `--form` file upload mixed with redirected `stdin` error handling
-  ([#840](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/840)).
+  ([#840](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/840)).
 
-## [2.0.0](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/1.0.3...2.0.0) (2020-01-12)
+## [2.0.0](https://github.com/httpie/cli/compare/1.0.3...2.0.0) (2020-01-12)
 
 - Removed Python 2.7 support ([EOL Jan 2020](https://www.python.org/doc/sunset-python-2/).
 - Added `--offline` to allow building an HTTP request and printing it but not
@@ -143,7 +175,7 @@ This project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/).
 - Fixed an error when `stdin` was a closed fd.
 - Improved `--debug` output formatting.
 
-## [1.0.3](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/1.0.2...1.0.3) (2019-08-26)
+## [1.0.3](https://github.com/httpie/cli/compare/1.0.2...1.0.3) (2019-08-26)
 
 - Fixed CVE-2019-10751 — the way the output filename is generated for
   `--download` requests without `--output` resulting in a redirect has
@@ -169,15 +201,15 @@ This project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/).
 
   Reported by Raul Onitza and Giulio Comi.
 
-## [1.0.2](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/1.0.1...1.0.2) (2018-11-14)
+## [1.0.2](https://github.com/httpie/cli/compare/1.0.1...1.0.2) (2018-11-14)
 
 - Fixed tests for installation with pyOpenSSL.
 
-## [1.0.1](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/1.0.0...1.0.1) (2018-11-14)
+## [1.0.1](https://github.com/httpie/cli/compare/1.0.0...1.0.1) (2018-11-14)
 
 - Removed external URL calls from tests.
 
-## [1.0.0](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/0.9.9...1.0.0) (2018-11-02)
+## [1.0.0](https://github.com/httpie/cli/compare/0.9.9...1.0.0) (2018-11-02)
 
 - Added `--style=auto` which follows the terminal ANSI color styles.
 - Added support for selecting TLS 1.3 via `--ssl=tls1.3`
@@ -188,11 +220,11 @@ This project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/).
 - Fixed default headers being incorrectly case-sensitive.
 - Removed Python 2.6 support.
 
-## [0.9.9](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/0.9.8...0.9.9) (2016-12-08)
+## [0.9.9](https://github.com/httpie/cli/compare/0.9.8...0.9.9) (2016-12-08)
 
 - Fixed README.
 
-## [0.9.8](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/0.9.6...0.9.8) (2016-12-08)
+## [0.9.8](https://github.com/httpie/cli/compare/0.9.6...0.9.8) (2016-12-08)
 
 - Extended auth plugin API.
 - Added exit status code `7` for plugin errors.
@@ -201,7 +233,7 @@ This project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/).
 - Improved `CTRL-C` interrupt handling.
 - Added the standard exit status code `130` for keyboard interrupts.
 
-## [0.9.6](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/0.9.4...0.9.6) (2016-08-13)
+## [0.9.6](https://github.com/httpie/cli/compare/0.9.4...0.9.6) (2016-08-13)
 
 - Added Python 3 as a dependency for Homebrew installations
   to ensure some of the newer HTTP features work out of the box
@@ -220,7 +252,7 @@ This project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/).
 - Changed the pre-processing of request HTTP headers so that any leading
   and trailing whitespace is removed.
 
-## [0.9.4](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/0.9.3...0.9.4) (2016-07-01)
+## [0.9.4](https://github.com/httpie/cli/compare/0.9.3...0.9.4) (2016-07-01)
 
 - Added `Content-Type` of files uploaded in `multipart/form-data` requests
 - Added `--ssl=<PROTOCOL>` to specify the desired SSL/TLS protocol version
@@ -244,7 +276,7 @@ This project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/).
 - Fixed the handling of `Content-Type` with multiple `+subtype` parts
 - Removed the XML formatter as the implementation suffered from multiple issues
 
-## [0.9.3](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/0.9.2...0.9.3) (2016-01-01)
+## [0.9.3](https://github.com/httpie/cli/compare/0.9.2...0.9.3) (2016-01-01)
 
 - Changed the default color `--style` from `solarized` to `monokai`
 - Added basic Bash autocomplete support (need to be installed manually)
@@ -254,19 +286,19 @@ This project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/).
 - Fixed colors and formatting on Windows
 - Fixed `--auth` prompt on Windows
 
-## [0.9.2](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/0.9.1...0.9.2) (2015-02-24)
+## [0.9.2](https://github.com/httpie/cli/compare/0.9.1...0.9.2) (2015-02-24)
 
 - Fixed compatibility with Requests 2.5.1
 - Changed the default JSON `Content-Type` to `application/json` as UTF-8
   is the default JSON encoding
 
-## [0.9.1](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/0.9.0...0.9.1) (2015-02-07)
+## [0.9.1](https://github.com/httpie/cli/compare/0.9.0...0.9.1) (2015-02-07)
 
 - Added support for Requests transport adapter plugins
   (see [httpie-unixsocket](https://github.com/httpie/httpie-unixsocket)
   and [httpie-http2](https://github.com/httpie/httpie-http2))
 
-## [0.9.0](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/0.8.0...0.9.0) (2015-01-31)
+## [0.9.0](https://github.com/httpie/cli/compare/0.8.0...0.9.0) (2015-01-31)
 
 - Added `--cert` and `--cert-key` parameters to specify a client side
   certificate and private key for SSL
@@ -285,7 +317,7 @@ This project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/).
 - Fixed `--output=/dev/null` on Linux
 - Miscellaneous bugfixes
 
-## [0.8.0](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/0.7.1...0.8.0) (2014-01-25)
+## [0.8.0](https://github.com/httpie/cli/compare/0.7.1...0.8.0) (2014-01-25)
 
 - Added `field=@file.txt` and `field:=@file.json` for embedding
   the contents of text and JSON files into request data
@@ -293,7 +325,7 @@ This project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/).
 - Fixed request `Host` header value output so that it doesn't contain
   credentials, if included in the URL
 
-## [0.7.1](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/0.6.0...0.7.1) (2013-09-24)
+## [0.7.1](https://github.com/httpie/cli/compare/0.6.0...0.7.1) (2013-09-24)
 
 - Added `--ignore-stdin`
 - Added support for auth plugins
@@ -301,27 +333,27 @@ This project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/).
 - Improved `Content-Disposition` parsing for `--download` mode
 - Update to Requests 2.0.0
 
-## [0.6.0](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/0.5.1...0.6.0) (2013-06-03)
+## [0.6.0](https://github.com/httpie/cli/compare/0.5.1...0.6.0) (2013-06-03)
 
 - XML data is now formatted
 - `--session` and `--session-read-only` now also accept paths to
   session files (eg. `http --session=/tmp/session.json example.org`)
 
-## [0.5.1](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/0.5.0...0.5.1) (2013-05-13)
+## [0.5.1](https://github.com/httpie/cli/compare/0.5.0...0.5.1) (2013-05-13)
 
 - `Content-*` and `If-*` request headers are not stored in sessions
   anymore as they are request-specific
 
-## [0.5.0](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/0.4.1...0.5.0) (2013-04-27)
+## [0.5.0](https://github.com/httpie/cli/compare/0.4.1...0.5.0) (2013-04-27)
 
 - Added a download mode via `--download`
 - Fixes miscellaneous bugs
 
-## [0.4.1](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/0.4.0...0.4.1) (2013-02-26)
+## [0.4.1](https://github.com/httpie/cli/compare/0.4.0...0.4.1) (2013-02-26)
 
 - Fixed `setup.py`
 
-## [0.4.0](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/0.3.0...0.4.0) (2013-02-22)
+## [0.4.0](https://github.com/httpie/cli/compare/0.3.0...0.4.0) (2013-02-22)
 
 - Added Python 3.3 compatibility
 - Added Requests >= v1.0.4 compatibility
@@ -330,7 +362,7 @@ This project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/).
 - Mutually exclusive arguments can be specified multiple times. The
   last value is used
 
-## [0.3.0](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/0.2.7...0.3.0) (2012-09-21)
+## [0.3.0](https://github.com/httpie/cli/compare/0.2.7...0.3.0) (2012-09-21)
 
 - Allow output redirection on Windows
 - Added configuration file
@@ -345,7 +377,7 @@ This project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/).
   (`--pretty=all`, `--pretty=colors` and `--pretty=format`)
   `--ugly` has bee removed in favor of `--pretty=none`
 
-## [0.2.7](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/0.2.5...0.2.7) (2012-08-07)
+## [0.2.7](https://github.com/httpie/cli/compare/0.2.5...0.2.7) (2012-08-07)
 
 - Added compatibility with Requests 0.13.6
 - Added streamed terminal output. `--stream, -S` can be used to enable
@@ -362,7 +394,7 @@ This project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/).
 - Fixed printing of `multipart/form-data` requests
 - Renamed `--traceback` to `--debug`
 
-## [0.2.6](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/0.2.5...0.2.6) (2012-07-26)
+## [0.2.6](https://github.com/httpie/cli/compare/0.2.5...0.2.6) (2012-07-26)
 
 - The short option for `--headers` is now `-h` (`-t` has been
   removed, for usage use `--help`)
@@ -377,7 +409,7 @@ This project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/).
 - Added query string parameters (`param==value`)
 - Added support for terminal colors under Windows
 
-## [0.2.5](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/0.2.2...0.2.5) (2012-07-17)
+## [0.2.5](https://github.com/httpie/cli/compare/0.2.2...0.2.5) (2012-07-17)
 
 - Unicode characters in prettified JSON now don't get escaped for
   improved readability
@@ -388,20 +420,20 @@ This project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/).
   `--verbose`
 - Fixed Content-Type for requests with no data
 
-## [0.2.2](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/0.2.1...0.2.2) (2012-06-24)
+## [0.2.2](https://github.com/httpie/cli/compare/0.2.1...0.2.2) (2012-06-24)
 
 - The `METHOD` positional argument can now be omitted (defaults to
   `GET`, or to `POST` with data)
 - Fixed --verbose --form
 - Added support for Tox
 
-## [0.2.1](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/0.2.0...0.2.1) (2012-06-13)
+## [0.2.1](https://github.com/httpie/cli/compare/0.2.0...0.2.1) (2012-06-13)
 
 - Added compatibility with `requests-0.12.1`
 - Dropped custom JSON and HTTP lexers in favor of the ones newly included
   in `pygments-1.5`
 
-## [0.2.0](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/0.1.6...0.2.0) (2012-04-25)
+## [0.2.0](https://github.com/httpie/cli/compare/0.1.6...0.2.0) (2012-04-25)
 
 - Added Python 3 support
 - Added the ability to print the HTTP request as well as the response
@@ -413,18 +445,18 @@ This project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/).
 - Added support for field name escaping
 - Many bug fixes
 
-## [0.1.6](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/0.1.5...0.1.6) (2012-03-04)
+## [0.1.6](https://github.com/httpie/cli/compare/0.1.5...0.1.6) (2012-03-04)
 
 - Fixed `setup.py`
 
-## [0.1.5](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/0.1.4...0.1.5) (2012-03-04)
+## [0.1.5](https://github.com/httpie/cli/compare/0.1.4...0.1.5) (2012-03-04)
 
 - Many improvements and bug fixes
 
-## [0.1.4](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/b966efa...0.1.4) (2012-02-28)
+## [0.1.4](https://github.com/httpie/cli/compare/b966efa...0.1.4) (2012-02-28)
 
 - Many improvements and bug fixes
 
-## [0.1.0](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/commit/b966efa) (2012-02-25)
+## [0.1.0](https://github.com/httpie/cli/commit/b966efa) (2012-02-25)
 
 - Initial public release

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ $ http --debug <COMPLETE ARGUMENT LIST THAT TRIGGERS THE ERROR>
 
 ## 2. Contributing Code and Docs
 
-Before working on a new feature or a bug, please browse [existing issues](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues)
+Before working on a new feature or a bug, please browse [existing issues](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues)
 to see whether it has previously been discussed.
 
 If your change alters HTTPie’s behaviour or interface, it's a good idea to
@@ -38,13 +38,13 @@ for existing-yet-previously-untested behavior will very likely be merged.
 Therefore, docs and tests improvements are a great candidate for your first
 contribution.
 
-Consider also adding a [CHANGELOG](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md) entry for your changes.
+Consider also adding a [CHANGELOG](https://github.com/httpie/cli/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md) entry for your changes.
 
 ### Development Environment
 
 #### Getting the code
 
-Go to <https://github.com/httpie/httpie> and fork the project repository.
+Go to <https://github.com/httpie/cli> and fork the project repository.
 
 ```bash
 # Clone your fork
@@ -59,8 +59,10 @@ $ git checkout -b my_topical_branch
 
 #### Setup
 
-The [Makefile](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/blob/master/Makefile) contains a bunch of tasks to get you started. Just run
+The [Makefile](https://github.com/httpie/cli/blob/master/Makefile) contains a bunch of tasks to get you started.
-the following command, which:
+You can run `$ make` to see all the available tasks.
+
+To get started, run the command below, which:
 
 - Creates an isolated Python virtual environment inside `./venv`
   (via the standard library [venv](https://docs.python.org/3/library/venv.html) tool);
@@ -70,7 +72,7 @@ the following command, which:
 - and runs tests (It is the same as running `make install test`).
 
 ```bash
-$ make
+$ make all
 ```
 
 #### Python virtual environment
@@ -110,7 +112,7 @@ and that `make pycodestyle` passes.
 
 Please add tests for any new features and bug fixes.
 
-When you open a Pull Request, [GitHub Actions](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/actions) will automatically run HTTPie’s [test suite](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/tree/master/tests) against your code, so please make sure all checks pass.
+When you open a Pull Request, [GitHub Actions](https://github.com/httpie/cli/actions) will automatically run HTTPie’s [test suite](https://github.com/httpie/cli/tree/master/tests) against your code, so please make sure all checks pass.
 
 #### Running tests locally
 
@@ -142,7 +144,7 @@ $ python -m pytest tests/test_uploads.py::TestMultipartFormDataFileUpload
 $ python -m pytest tests/test_uploads.py::TestMultipartFormDataFileUpload::test_upload_ok
 ```
 
-See [Makefile](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/blob/master/Makefile) for additional development utilities.
+See [Makefile](https://github.com/httpie/cli/blob/master/Makefile) for additional development utilities.
 
 #### Running benchmarks
 
@@ -152,7 +154,7 @@ with the master branch of your repository (or a fresh checkout of HTTPie master,
 `--fresh`) and report the results back.
 
 ```bash
-$ python extras/benchmarks/run.py
+$ python extras/profiling/run.py
 ```
 
 The benchmarks can also be run on the CI. Since it is a long process, it requires manual
@@ -207,4 +209,4 @@ $ python -m pytest
 
 ______________________________________________________________________
 
-Finally, feel free to add yourself to [AUTHORS](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/blob/master/AUTHORS.md)!
+Finally, feel free to add yourself to [AUTHORS](https://github.com/httpie/cli/blob/master/AUTHORS.md)!

MANIFEST.in

@@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ include CHANGELOG.md
 include AUTHORS.md
 include docs/README.md
 
-# <https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/182>
+# <https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/182>
 recursive-include tests/ *

Makefile

@@ -22,6 +22,26 @@ VENV_PYTHON=$(VENV_BIN)/python
 export PATH := $(VENV_BIN):$(PATH)
 
 
+
+default: list-tasks
+
+
+###############################################################################
+# Default task to get a list of tasks when `make' is run without args.
+# <https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4219255>
+###############################################################################
+
+list-tasks:
+	@echo Available tasks:
+	@echo ----------------
+	@$(MAKE) -pRrq -f $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST)) : 2>/dev/null | awk -v RS= -F: '/^# File/,/^# Finished Make data base/ {if ($$1 !~ "^[#.]") {print $$1}}' | sort | grep -E -v -e '^[^[:alnum:]]' -e '^$@$$'
+	@echo
+
+
+###############################################################################
+# Installation
+###############################################################################
+
 all: uninstall-httpie install test
 
 
@@ -30,10 +50,10 @@ install: venv install-reqs
 
 install-reqs:
 	@echo $(H1)Updating package tools$(H1END)
-	$(VENV_PIP) install --upgrade pip wheel
+	$(VENV_PIP) install --upgrade pip wheel build
 
 	@echo $(H1)Installing dev requirements$(H1END)
-	$(VENV_PIP) install --upgrade --editable '.[dev]'
+	$(VENV_PIP) install --upgrade '.[dev]' '.[test]'
 
 	@echo $(H1)Installing HTTPie$(H1END)
 	$(VENV_PIP) install --upgrade --editable .
@@ -104,7 +124,8 @@ test-dist: test-sdist test-bdist-wheel
 
 test-sdist: clean venv
 	@echo $(H1)Testing sdist build an installation$(H1END)
-	$(VENV_PYTHON) setup.py sdist
+	$(VENV_PIP) install build
+	$(VENV_PYTHON) -m build --sdist
 	$(VENV_PIP) install --force-reinstall --upgrade dist/*.gz
 	$(VENV_BIN)/http --version
 	@echo
@@ -112,8 +133,8 @@ test-sdist: clean venv
 
 test-bdist-wheel: clean venv
 	@echo $(H1)Testing wheel build an installation$(H1END)
-	$(VENV_PIP) install wheel
+	$(VENV_PIP) install build
-	$(VENV_PYTHON) setup.py bdist_wheel
+	$(VENV_PYTHON) -m build --wheel
 	$(VENV_PIP) install --force-reinstall --upgrade dist/*.whl
 	$(VENV_BIN)/http --version
 	@echo
@@ -147,19 +168,17 @@ doc-check:
 	mdl --git-recurse --style docs/markdownlint.rb .
 
 
-doc-update-install:
-	@echo $(H1)Updating installation instructions in the docs$(H1END)
-	$(VENV_PYTHON) docs/installation/generate.py
-
-
 ###############################################################################
 # Publishing to PyPi
 ###############################################################################
 
 
 build:
-	rm -rf build/
+	rm -rf build/ dist/
-	$(VENV_PYTHON) setup.py sdist bdist_wheel
+	mv httpie/internal/__build_channel__.py httpie/internal/__build_channel__.py.original
+	echo 'BUILD_CHANNEL = "pip"' > httpie/internal/__build_channel__.py
+	$(VENV_PYTHON) -m build --sdist --wheel --outdir dist/
+	mv httpie/internal/__build_channel__.py.original httpie/internal/__build_channel__.py
 
 
 publish: test-all publish-no-test
@@ -203,7 +222,7 @@ brew-test:
 	- brew uninstall httpie
 
 	@echo $(H1)Building from source…$(H1END)
-	- brew install --build-from-source ./docs/packaging/brew/httpie.rb
+	- brew install --HEAD --build-from-source ./docs/packaging/brew/httpie.rb
 
 	@echo $(H1)Verifying…$(H1END)
 	http --version
@@ -211,3 +230,17 @@ brew-test:
 
 	@echo $(H1)Auditing…$(H1END)
 	brew audit --strict httpie
+
+###############################################################################
+# Generated content
+###############################################################################
+
+content: man installation-docs
+
+man: install
+	@echo $(H1)Regenerate man pages$(H1END)
+	$(VENV_PYTHON) extras/scripts/generate_man_pages.py
+
+installation-docs:
+	@echo $(H1)Updating installation instructions in the docs$(H1END)
+	$(VENV_PYTHON) docs/installation/generate.py

README.md

@@ -1,10 +1,31 @@
-<br/>
+<h2 align="center">
     <a href="https://httpie.io" target="blank_">
-    <img height="100" alt="HTTPie" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/httpie/httpie/master/docs/httpie-logo.svg" />
+        <img height="100" alt="HTTPie" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/httpie/cli/master/docs/httpie-logo.svg" />
     </a>
-<br/>
+    <br>
+    HTTPie CLI: human-friendly HTTP client for the API era
+</h2>
 
-# HTTPie: human-friendly CLI HTTP client for the API era
+<div align="center">
+
+[![HTTPie for Desktop](https://img.shields.io/static/v1?label=HTTPie&message=Desktop&color=4B78E6)](https://httpie.io/product)
+[![](https://img.shields.io/static/v1?label=HTTPie&message=Web%20%26%20Mobile&color=73DC8C)](https://httpie.io/app)
+[![](https://img.shields.io/static/v1?label=HTTPie&message=CLI&color=FA9BFA)](https://httpie.io/cli)
+[![Twitter](https://img.shields.io/twitter/follow/httpie?style=flat&color=%234B78E6&logoColor=%234B78E6)](https://twitter.com/httpie)
+[![Chat](https://img.shields.io/discord/725351238698270761?style=flat&label=Chat%20on%20Discord&color=%23FA9BFA)](https://httpie.io/discord)
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div align="center">
+
+[![Docs](https://img.shields.io/badge/stable%20docs-httpie.io%2Fdocs%2Fcli-brightgreen?style=flat&color=%2373DC8C&label=Docs)](https://httpie.org/docs/cli)
+[![Latest version](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/httpie.svg?style=flat&label=Latest&color=%234B78E6&logo=&logoColor=white)](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/httpie)
+[![Build](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/httpie/cli/tests.yml?branch=master&color=%23FA9BFA&label=Build)](https://github.com/httpie/cli/actions)
+[![Coverage](https://img.shields.io/codecov/c/github/httpie/cli?style=flat&label=Coverage&color=%2373DC8C)](https://codecov.io/gh/httpie/cli)
+[![PyPi downloads](https://img.shields.io/pepy/dt/httpie?style=flat&label=Downloads%20from%20PyPi%20only&color=4B78E6)](https://www.pepy.tech/projects/httpie)
+
+</div>
 
 HTTPie (pronounced _aitch-tee-tee-pie_) is a command-line HTTP client.
 Its goal is to make CLI interaction with web services as human-friendly as possible.
@@ -12,14 +33,22 @@ HTTPie is designed for testing, debugging, and generally interacting with APIs &
 The `http` & `https` commands allow for creating and sending arbitrary HTTP requests.
 They use simple and natural syntax and provide formatted and colorized output.
 
-[![Docs](https://img.shields.io/badge/stable%20docs-httpie.io%2Fdocs-brightgreen?style=flat&color=%2373DC8C&label=Docs)](https://httpie.org/docs)
+<div align="center">
-[![Latest version](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/httpie.svg?style=flat&label=Latest&color=%234B78E6&logo=&logoColor=white)](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/httpie)
+
-[![Build](https://img.shields.io/github/workflow/status/httpie/httpie/Build?color=%23FA9BFA&label=Build)](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/actions)
+<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/httpie/cli/master/docs/httpie-animation.gif" alt="HTTPie in action" width="100%"/>
-[![Coverage](https://img.shields.io/codecov/c/github/httpie/httpie?style=flat&label=Coverage&color=%2373DC8C)](https://codecov.io/gh/httpie/httpie)
+
-[![Twitter](https://img.shields.io/twitter/follow/httpie?style=flat&color=%234B78E6&logoColor=%234B78E6)](https://twitter.com/httpie)
+
-[![Chat](https://img.shields.io/badge/chat-Discord-brightgreen?style=flat&label=Chat%20on&color=%23FA9BFA)](https://httpie.io/discord)
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+## We lost 54k GitHub stars
+
+Please note we recently accidentally made this repo private for a moment, and GitHub deleted our community that took a decade to build. Read the full story here: https://httpie.io/blog/stardust
+
+![](docs/stardust.png)
 
-<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/httpie/httpie/master/docs/httpie-animation.gif" alt="HTTPie in action" width="100%"/>
 
 ## Getting started
 
@@ -45,25 +74,25 @@ They use simple and natural syntax and provide formatted and colorized output.
 Hello World:
 
 ```bash
-$ https httpie.io/hello
+https httpie.io/hello
 ```
 
 Custom [HTTP method](https://httpie.io/docs#http-method), [HTTP headers](https://httpie.io/docs#http-headers) and [JSON](https://httpie.io/docs#json) data:
 
 ```bash
-$ http PUT pie.dev/put X-API-Token:123 name=John
+http PUT pie.dev/put X-API-Token:123 name=John
 ```
 
-Build and print a request without sending it using [offline mode](https://httpie.io/docs#offline-mode):
+Build and print a request without sending it using [offline mode](https://httpie.io/docs/cli/offline-mode):
 
 ```bash
-$ http --offline pie.dev/post hello=offline
+http --offline pie.dev/post hello=offline
 ```
 
-Use [GitHub API](https://developer.github.com/v3/issues/comments/#create-a-comment) to post a comment on an [Issue](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/83) with [authentication](https://httpie.io/docs#authentication):
+Use [GitHub API](https://developer.github.com/v3/issues/comments/#create-a-comment) to post a comment on an [Issue](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/83) with [authentication](https://httpie.io/docs#authentication):
 
 ```bash
-$ http -a USERNAME POST https://api.github.com/repos/httpie/httpie/issues/83/comments body='HTTPie is awesome! :heart:'
+http -a USERNAME POST https://api.github.com/repos/httpie/cli/issues/83/comments body='HTTPie is awesome! :heart:'
 ```
 
 [See more examples →](https://httpie.io/docs#examples)
@@ -74,11 +103,11 @@ $ http -a USERNAME POST https://api.github.com/repos/httpie/httpie/issues/83/com
 - Join our [Discord server](https://httpie.io/discord) is to ask questions, discuss features, and for general API chat.
 - Tweet at [@httpie](https://twitter.com/httpie) on Twitter.
 - Use [StackOverflow](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/httpie) to ask questions and include a `httpie` tag.
-- Create [GitHub Issues](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues) for bug reports and feature requests.
+- Create [GitHub Issues](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues) for bug reports and feature requests.
 - Subscribe to the [HTTPie newsletter](https://httpie.io) for occasional updates.
 
 ## Contributing
 
-Have a look through existing [Issues](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues) and [Pull Requests](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/pulls) that you could help with. If you'd like to request a feature or report a bug, please [create a GitHub Issue](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues) using one of the templates provided.
+Have a look through existing [Issues](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues) and [Pull Requests](https://github.com/httpie/cli/pulls) that you could help with. If you'd like to request a feature or report a bug, please [create a GitHub Issue](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues) using one of the templates provided.
 
-[See contribution guide →](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
+[See contribution guide →](https://github.com/httpie/cli/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)

docs/README.md

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ This documentation is best viewed at [httpie.io/docs](https://httpie.org/docs).
 You can select your corresponding HTTPie version as well as run examples directly from the browser using a [termible.io](https://termible.io?utm_source=httpie-readme) embedded terminal.
 
 If you are reading this on GitHub, then this text covers the current *development* version.
-You are invited to submit fixes and improvements to the docs by editing [this file](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/blob/master/docs/README.md).
+You are invited to submit fixes and improvements to the docs by editing [this file](https://github.com/httpie/cli/blob/master/docs/README.md).
 
 </div>
 
@@ -126,6 +126,66 @@ $ choco upgrade httpie
 
 ### Linux
 
+#### Debian and Ubuntu
+
+Also works for other Debian-derived distributions like MX Linux, Linux Mint, deepin, Pop!_OS, KDE neon, Zorin OS, elementary OS, Kubuntu, Devuan, Linux Lite, Peppermint OS, Lubuntu, antiX, Xubuntu, etc.
+
+```bash
+# Install httpie
+$ curl -SsL https://packages.httpie.io/deb/KEY.gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/httpie.gpg
+$ echo "deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/httpie.gpg] https://packages.httpie.io/deb ./" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/httpie.list > /dev/null
+$ sudo apt update
+$ sudo apt install httpie
+```
+
+```bash
+# Upgrade httpie
+$ sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade httpie
+```
+
+#### Fedora
+
+```bash
+# Install httpie
+$ dnf install httpie
+```
+
+```bash
+# Upgrade httpie
+$ dnf upgrade httpie
+```
+
+#### CentOS and RHEL
+
+Also works for other RHEL-derived distributions like ClearOS, Oracle Linux, etc.
+
+```bash
+# Install httpie
+$ yum install epel-release
+$ yum install httpie
+```
+
+```bash
+# Upgrade httpie
+$ yum upgrade httpie
+```
+
+#### Single binary executables
+
+Get the standalone HTTPie Linux executables when you don't want to go through the full installation process.
+
+```bash
+# Install httpie
+$ https --download packages.httpie.io/binaries/linux/http-latest -o http
+$ ln -ls ./http ./https
+$ chmod +x ./http ./https
+```
+
+```bash
+# Upgrade httpie
+$ https --download packages.httpie.io/binaries/linux/http-latest -o http
+```
+
 #### Snapcraft (Linux)
 
 To install [Snapcraft](https://snapcraft.io/), see [its installation](https://snapcraft.io/docs/installing-snapd).
@@ -156,49 +216,6 @@ $ brew update
 $ brew upgrade httpie
 ```
 
-#### Debian and Ubuntu
-
-Also works for other Debian-derived distributions like MX Linux, Linux Mint, deepin, Pop!_OS, KDE neon, Zorin OS, elementary OS, Kubuntu, Devuan, Linux Lite, Peppermint OS, Lubuntu, antiX, Xubuntu, etc.
-
-```bash
-# Install httpie
-$ apt update
-$ apt install httpie
-```
-
-```bash
-# Upgrade httpie
-$ apt update
-$ apt upgrade httpie
-```
-
-#### Fedora
-
-```bash
-# Install httpie
-$ dnf install httpie
-```
-
-```bash
-# Upgrade httpie
-$ dnf upgrade httpie
-```
-
-#### CentOS and RHEL
-
-Also works for other RHEL-derived distributions like ClearOS, Oracle Linux, etc.
-
-```bash
-# Install httpie
-$ yum install epel-release
-$ yum install httpie
-```
-
-```bash
-# Upgrade httpie
-$ yum upgrade httpie
-```
-
 #### Arch Linux
 
 Also works for other Arch-derived distributions like ArcoLinux, EndeavourOS, Artix Linux, etc.
@@ -233,36 +250,39 @@ $ pkg upgrade www/py-httpie
 
 ### Unstable version
 
-You can also install the latest unreleased development version directly from the `master` branch on GitHub.
+If you want to try out the latest version of HTTPie that hasn't been officially released yet, you can install the development or unstable version directly from the master branch on GitHub. However, keep in mind that the development version is a work in progress and may not be as reliable as the stable version.
-It is a work-in-progress of a future stable release so the experience might be not as smooth.
 
-You can install it on Linux, macOS, Windows, or FreeBSD with `pip`:
+You can use the following command to install the development version of HTTPie on Linux, macOS, Windows, or FreeBSD operating systems. With this command, the code present in the `master` branch is downloaded and installed using `pip`.
 
 ```bash
-$ python -m pip install --upgrade https://github.com/httpie/httpie/archive/master.tar.gz
+$ python -m pip install --upgrade https://github.com/httpie/cli/archive/master.tar.gz
 ```
 
-Or on macOS, and Linux, with Homebrew:
+There are other ways to install the development version of HTTPie on macOS and Linux.
+
+You can install it using Homebrew by running the following commands:
 
 ```bash
 $ brew uninstall --force httpie
 $ brew install --HEAD httpie
 ```
 
-And even on macOS, and Linux, with Snapcraft:
+You can install it using Snapcraft by running the following commands:
 
 ```bash
 $ snap remove httpie
 $ snap install httpie --edge
 ```
 
-Verify that now you have the [current development version identifier](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/blob/master/httpie/__init__.py#L6) with the `.dev0` suffix, for example:
+To verify the installation, you can compare the [version identifier on GitHub](https://github.com/httpie/cli/blob/master/httpie/__init__.py#L6) with the one available on your machine. You can check the version of HTTPie on your machine by using the command `http --version`.
 
 ```bash
 $ http --version
 # 3.X.X.dev0
 ```
 
+Note that on your machine, the version name will have the `.dev0` suffix.
+
 ## Usage
 
 Hello World:
@@ -277,7 +297,7 @@ Synopsis:
 $ http [flags] [METHOD] URL [ITEM [ITEM]]
 ```
 
-See also `http --help`.
+See also `http --help` (and for systems where man pages are available, you can use `man http`).
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -305,10 +325,10 @@ Build and print a request without sending it using [offline mode](#offline-mode)
 $ http --offline pie.dev/post hello=offline
 ```
 
-Use [GitHub API](https://developer.github.com/v3/issues/comments/#create-a-comment) to post a comment on an [issue](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/83) with [authentication](#authentication):
+Use [GitHub API](https://developer.github.com/v3/issues/comments/#create-a-comment) to post a comment on an [issue](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/83) with [authentication](#authentication):
 
 ```bash
-$ http -a USERNAME POST https://api.github.com/repos/httpie/httpie/issues/83/comments body='HTTPie is awesome! :heart:'
+$ http -a USERNAME POST https://api.github.com/repos/httpie/cli/issues/83/comments body='HTTPie is awesome! :heart:'
 ```
 
 Upload a file using [redirected input](#redirected-input):
@@ -448,7 +468,7 @@ $ http https://api.github.com/search/repositories q==httpie per_page==1
 GET /search/repositories?q=httpie&per_page=1 HTTP/1.1
 ```
 
-You can even retrieve the `value` from a file by using the `param==@file` syntax. This would also effectively strip the newlines from the end. See [#file-based-separators] for more examples.
+You can even retrieve the `value` from a file by using the `param==@file` syntax. This would also effectively strip the newlines from the end. See [file based separators](#file-based-separators) for more examples.
 
 ```bash
 $ http pie.dev/get text==@files/text.txt
@@ -457,7 +477,7 @@ $ http pie.dev/get text==@files/text.txt
 ### URL shortcuts for `localhost`
 
 Additionally, curl-like shorthand for localhost is supported.
-This means that, for example, `:3000` would expand to `http://localhost:3000`
+This means that, for example, `:3000` would expand to `http://localhost:3000`.
 If the port is omitted, then port 80 is assumed.
 
 ```bash
@@ -510,7 +530,7 @@ $ http-unix %2Fvar%2Frun%2Fdocker.sock/info
 
 ### `--path-as-is`
 
-The standard behavior of HTTP clients is to normalize the path portion of URLs by squashing dot segments as a typically filesystem would:
+The standard behavior of HTTP clients is to normalize the path portion of URLs by squashing dot segments as a typical filesystem would:
 
 ```bash
 $ http -v example.org/./../../etc/password
@@ -554,7 +574,7 @@ $ http PUT pie.dev/put \
 |                                    HTTP Headers `Name:Value` | Arbitrary HTTP header, e.g. `X-API-Token:123`                                                                                                                                                                          |
 |                                 URL parameters `name==value` | Appends the given name/value pair as a querystring parameter to the URL. The `==` separator is used.                                                                                                                   |
 |                                    Data Fields `field=value` | Request data fields to be serialized as a JSON object (default), to be form-encoded (with `--form, -f`), or to be serialized as `multipart/form-data` (with `--multipart`)                                             |
-|                                Raw JSON fields `field:=json` | Useful when sending JSON and one or more fields need to be a `Boolean`, `Number`, nested `Object`, or an `Array`, e.g., `meals:='["ham","spam"]'` or `pies:=[1,2,3]` (note the quotes)                                 |
+|                                Raw JSON fields `field:=json` | Useful when sending JSON and one or more fields need to be a `Boolean`, `Number`, nested `Object`, or an `Array`, e.g., `meals:='["ham","spam"]'` or `pies:='[1,2,3]'` (note the quotes)                                 |
 | File upload fields `field@/dir/file`, `field@file;type=mime` | Only available with `--form`, `-f` and `--multipart`. For example `screenshot@~/Pictures/img.png`, or `'cv@cv.txt;type=text/markdown'`. With `--form`, the presence of a file field results in a `--multipart` request |
 
 Note that the structured data fields aren’t the only way to specify request data:
@@ -563,7 +583,7 @@ Note that the structured data fields aren’t the only way to specify request da
 ### File based separators
 
 Using file contents as values for specific fields is a very common use case, which can be achieved through adding the `@` suffix to
-the operators above. For example instead of using a static string as the value for some header, you can use `:@` operator
+the operators above. For example, instead of using a static string as the value for some header, you can use `:@` operator
 to pass the desired value from a file.
 
 ```bash
@@ -729,7 +749,7 @@ $ http --offline --print=B pie.dev/post \
 ```
 
 ```json
-{
+{
     "category": "tools",
     "search": {
         "keywords": [
@@ -895,6 +915,8 @@ http --offline --print=B pie.dev/post \
         "]": 3
     },
     "foo[bar]": 1
+}
+```
 
 If you want to send the literal backslash character (`\`), escape it with another backslash:
 
@@ -1022,7 +1044,7 @@ $ http POST pie.dev/post < files/data.json
 ```bash
 $ http -f POST pie.dev/post name='John Smith' cv@~/files/data.xml
 ```
-
+
 The request above is the same as if the following HTML form were submitted:
 
 ```html
@@ -1154,11 +1176,11 @@ User-Agent: HTTPie/<version>
 ```bash
 $ http pie.dev/headers 'Header;'
 ```
-
+
 Please note that some internal headers, such as `Content-Length`, can’t be unset if
 they are automatically added by the client itself.
 
-### Multiple header values with the same name
+### Multiple header values with the same name
 
 If the request is sent with multiple headers that are sharing the same name, then
 the HTTPie will send them individually.
@@ -1213,7 +1235,7 @@ by individual commands when sending a request instead of being joined together.
 
 Generating raw requests that can be sent with any other client:
 
-```bash
+```bash
 # 1. save a raw request to a file:
 $ http --offline POST pie.dev/post hello=world > request.http
 ```
@@ -1436,7 +1458,8 @@ $ http --proxy=http:http://user:pass@10.10.1.10:3128 example.org
 ## HTTPS
 
 ### Server SSL certificate verification
-To skip the host’s SSL certificate verification, you can pass `--verify=no` (default is `yes`):
+
+To skip the host’s SSL certificate verification, you can pass `--verify=no` (default is `yes`):
 
 ```bash
 $ http --verify=no https://pie.dev/get
@@ -1653,6 +1676,10 @@ If you’d like to silence warnings as well, use `-q` or `--quiet` twice:
 Let’s say that there is an API that returns the whole resource when it is updated, but you are only interested in the response headers to see the status code after an update:
 
 ```bash
+$ http --headers PATCH pie.dev/patch name='New Name'
+```
+
+Since you are only printing the HTTP headers here, the connection to the server is closed as soon as all the response headers have been received.
 Therefore, bandwidth and time isn’t wasted downloading the body which you don’t care about.
 The response headers are downloaded always, even if they are not part of the output
 
@@ -1665,14 +1692,6 @@ $ http --all --follow pie.dev/redirect/3
 `--raw='data'`, and `@/file/path`.
 
 ### Redirected Input
-
-In addition to crafting structured [JSON](#json) and [forms](#forms) requests with the [request items](#request-items) syntax, you can provide a raw request body that will be sent without further processing.
-These two approaches for specifying request data (i.e., structured and raw) cannot be combined.
-
-There are three methods for passing raw request data: piping via `stdin`,
-`--raw='data'`, and `@/file/path`.
-
-### Redirected Input
 
 The universal method for passing request data is through redirected `stdin`
 (standard input)—piping.
@@ -1735,7 +1754,7 @@ $ http pie.dev/post <<<'{"name": "John"}'
 $ pbpaste | http PUT pie.dev/put
 ```
 
-Passing data through `stdin` **can’t** be combined with data fields specified on the command line:
+Passing data through `stdin` **can’t** be combined with data fields specified on the command line:
 
 ```bash
 $ echo -n 'data' | http POST example.org more=data  # This is invalid
@@ -1983,7 +2002,7 @@ HTTPie features a download mode in which it acts similarly to `wget`.
 ### Piping while downloading
 
 You can also redirect the response body to another program while the response headers and progress are still shown in the terminal:
-
+
 ```bash
 $ http -d https://github.com/httpie/cli/archive/master.tar.gz | tar zxf -
 ```
@@ -2012,7 +2031,7 @@ To prevent data loss by overwriting, HTTPie adds a unique numerical suffix to th
 ## Streamed responses
 
 Responses are downloaded and printed in chunks.
-This allows for streaming and large file downloads without using too much memory.
+This allows for streaming and large file downloads without using too much memory.
 However, when [colors and formatting](#colors-and-formatting) are applied, the whole response is buffered and only then processed at once.
 
 ### Disabling buffering
@@ -2292,8 +2311,10 @@ Upgraded 'session.json' @ 'pie.dev' to v3.1.0
 $ http pie.dev/get
 ```
 
-Currently, HTTPie offers a single configurable option:
+### Configurable options
-
+
+Currently, HTTPie offers a single configurable option:
+
 #### `default_options`
 
 An `Array` (by default empty) of default options that should be applied to every invocation of HTTPie.
@@ -2345,7 +2366,7 @@ However, it is not recommended modifying the default behavior in a way that woul
         *) echo 'Other Error!' ;;
     esac
 fi
-```
+```
 
 ### Best practices
 
@@ -2379,16 +2400,13 @@ fi
 You can check whether a new update is available for your system by running `httpie cli check-updates`:
 
 ```bash-termible
-`httpie cli export-args` command can expose the parser specification of `http`/`https` commands
+$ httpie cli check-updates
-(like an API definition) to outside tools so that they can use this to build better interactions
-over them (e.g offer auto-complete).
-
 ```
-Available formats to export in include:
+
 #### `httpie cli export-args`
 
 `httpie cli export-args` command can expose the parser specification of `http`/`https` commands
-
+(like an API definition) to outside tools so that they can use this to build better interactions
 over them (e.g., offer auto-complete).
 
 Available formats to export in include:
@@ -2404,15 +2422,23 @@ This command is currently in beta.
 "Program: http, Version: 0.0.1a0"
 ```
 
+#### `httpie cli plugins`
+
+`plugins` interface is a very simple plugin manager for installing, listing and uninstalling HTTPie plugins.
+
+In the past `pip` was used to install/uninstall plugins, but on some environments (e.g., brew installed
+packages) it wasn’t working properly. The new interface is a very simple overlay on top of `pip` to allow
+plugin installations on every installation method.
+
 By default, the plugins (and their missing dependencies) will be stored under the configuration directory,
 but this can be modified through `plugins_dir` variable on the config.
 
 ##### `httpie cli plugins install`
-
+
-For installing plugins from [PyPI](https://pypi.org/) or from local paths, `httpie plugins install`
 For installing plugins from [PyPI](https://pypi.org/) or from local paths, `httpie cli plugins install`
 can be used.
-```bash
+
+```bash
 $ httpie cli plugins install httpie-plugin
 Installing httpie-plugin...
 Successfully installed httpie-plugin-1.0.2
@@ -2423,7 +2449,7 @@ $ httpie cli export-args | jq '"Program: " + .spec.name + ", Version: " +  .vers
 
 ##### `httpie cli plugins list`
 
-List all installed plugins.
+List all installed plugins.
 
 ```bash
 $ httpie cli plugins list
@@ -2434,13 +2460,13 @@ plugin installations on every installation method.
 httpie_converter (1.0.0)
   httpie_iterm_converter (httpie.plugins.converter.v1)
   httpie_konsole_konverter (httpie.plugins.converter.v1)
-```
+```
 
-#### `httpie plugins upgrade`
+##### `httpie cli plugins upgrade`
 
 For upgrading already installed plugins, use `httpie plugins upgrade`.
 
-```bash
+```bash
 $ httpie cli plugins upgrade httpie-plugin
 ```
 
@@ -2448,12 +2474,12 @@ Successfully installed httpie-plugin-1.0.2
 
 Uninstall plugins from the isolated plugins directory. If the plugin is not installed
 through `httpie cli plugins install`, it won’t uninstall it.
-
+
 ```bash
 $ httpie cli plugins uninstall httpie-plugin
 ```
 
-## Meta
+## Meta
 
 ### Interface design
 
@@ -2463,21 +2489,21 @@ httpie_converter (1.0.0)
 For example, compare this HTTP request:
 
 ```http
-POST /post HTTP/1.1
+POST /post HTTP/1.1
 Host: pie.dev
 X-API-Key: 123
 User-Agent: Bacon/1.0
 Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
-
+
 name=value&name2=value2
 ```
-
+
 with the HTTPie command that sends it:
 
-```bash
+```bash
 $ http -f POST pie.dev/post \
     X-API-Key:123 \
-    User-Agent:Bacon/1.0 \
+    User-Agent:Bacon/1.0 \
     name=value \
     name2=value2
 ```
@@ -2520,7 +2546,7 @@ All changes are recorded in the [change log](#change-log).
 #### Alternatives
 
 - [httpcat](https://github.com/httpie/httpcat) — a lower-level sister utility of HTTPie for constructing raw HTTP requests on the command line
-- [curl](https://curl.haxx.se) — a "Swiss knife" command line tool and an exceptional library for transferring data with URLs.
+- [curl](https://curl.haxx.se) — a "Swiss knife" command line tool and an exceptional library for transferring data with URLs.
 
 ### Contributing
 
@@ -2530,7 +2556,7 @@ HTTPie has the following community channels:
 
 See [github.com/httpie/cli/security/policy](https://github.com/httpie/cli/security/policy).
 
-### Change log
+### Change log
 
 See [CHANGELOG](https://github.com/httpie/cli/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md).
 
@@ -2542,7 +2568,7 @@ HTTPie plays exceptionally well with the following tools:
 
 BSD-3-Clause: [LICENSE](https://github.com/httpie/cli/blob/master/LICENSE).
 
-### Authors
+### Authors
 
 [Jakub Roztocil](https://roztocil.co) ([@jakubroztocil](https://twitter.com/jakubroztocil)) created HTTPie and [these fine people](https://github.com/httpie/cli/blob/master/AUTHORS.md) have contributed.
 
@@ -2551,24 +2577,25 @@ Helpers to convert from other client tools:
 
 ### Contributing
 
-See [CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md).
+See [CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/httpie/cli/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md).
 
 ### Security policy
 
-See [github.com/httpie/httpie/security/policy](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/security/policy).
+See [github.com/httpie/cli/security/policy](https://github.com/httpie/cli/security/policy).
 
 ### Change log
 
-See [CHANGELOG](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md).
+See [CHANGELOG](https://github.com/httpie/cli/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md).
 
 ### Artwork
 
-- [README Animation](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/blob/master/docs/httpie-animation.gif) by [Allen Smith](https://github.com/loranallensmith).
+- [README Animation](https://github.com/httpie/cli/blob/master/docs/httpie-animation.gif) by [Allen Smith](https://github.com/loranallensmith).
 
 ### Licence
 
-BSD-3-Clause: [LICENSE](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/blob/master/LICENSE).
+BSD-3-Clause: [LICENSE](https://github.com/httpie/cli/blob/master/LICENSE).
 
 ### Authors
 
-[Jakub Roztocil](https://roztocil.co) ([@jakubroztocil](https://twitter.com/jakubroztocil)) created HTTPie and [these fine people](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/blob/master/AUTHORS.md) have contributed.
+[Jakub Roztocil](https://roztocil.co) ([@jakubroztocil](https://twitter.com/jakubroztocil)) created HTTPie and [these fine people](https://github.com/httpie/cli/blob/master/AUTHORS.md) have contributed.
+

docs/contributors/README.md

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-Here we maintain a database of contributors, from which we generate credits on release blog posts and social medias.
+Here we maintain a database of contributors, from which we generate credits on release blog posts and social media.
 
 For the HTTPie blog see: <https://httpie.io/blog>.

docs/contributors/fetch.py

@@ -252,6 +252,7 @@ def fetch_missing_users_details(people: People) -> None:
 def save_awesome_people(people: People) -> None:
     with DB_FILE.open(mode='w', encoding='utf-8') as fh:
         json.dump(people, fh, indent=4, sort_keys=True)
+        fh.write("\n")
 
 
 def debug(*args: Any) -> None:

docs/contributors/generate.py

@@ -8,19 +8,27 @@ from jinja2 import Template
 from fetch import HERE, load_awesome_people
 
 TPL_FILE = HERE / 'snippet.jinja2'
+
 HTTPIE_TEAM = {
     'claudiatd',
     'jakubroztocil',
     'jkbr',
+    'isidentical'
 }
 
+BOT_ACCOUNTS = {
+    'dependabot-sr'
+}
+
+IGNORE_ACCOUNTS = HTTPIE_TEAM | BOT_ACCOUNTS
+
 
 def generate_snippets(release: str) -> str:
     people = load_awesome_people()
     contributors = {
         name: details
         for name, details in people.items()
-        if details['github'] not in HTTPIE_TEAM
+        if details['github'] not in IGNORE_ACCOUNTS
         and (release in details['committed'] or release in details['reported'])
     }
 

docs/contributors/people.json

@@ -53,11 +53,13 @@
     },
     "Batuhan Taskaya": {
         "committed": [
-            "3.0.0"
+            "3.0.0",
+            "3.2.0"
         ],
         "github": "isidentical",
         "reported": [
-            "3.0.0"
+            "3.0.0",
+            "3.2.0"
         ],
         "twitter": "isidentical"
     },
@@ -118,6 +120,14 @@
         "reported": [],
         "twitter": "elena_lape"
     },
+    "Ethan Mills": {
+        "committed": [
+            "3.2.0"
+        ],
+        "github": "ethanmills",
+        "reported": [],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
     "Fabio Peruzzo": {
         "committed": [],
         "github": "peruzzof",
@@ -189,7 +199,8 @@
         "committed": [
             "2.5.0",
             "2.6.0",
-            "3.0.0"
+            "3.0.0",
+            "3.2.0"
         ],
         "github": "jakubroztocil",
         "reported": [
@@ -213,7 +224,8 @@
         ],
         "github": "blyxxyz",
         "reported": [
-            "3.0.0"
+            "3.0.0",
+            "3.2.0"
         ],
         "twitter": null
     },
@@ -309,7 +321,8 @@
         "committed": [],
         "github": "ducaale",
         "reported": [
-            "2.5.0"
+            "2.5.0",
+            "3.2.0"
         ],
         "twitter": null
     },
@@ -321,6 +334,22 @@
         ],
         "twitter": "sevenc_nanashi"
     },
+    "Nicklas Ansman Giertz": {
+        "committed": [],
+        "github": "ansman",
+        "reported": [
+            "3.2.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "Oliver Fish": {
+        "committed": [],
+        "github": "Oliver-Fish",
+        "reported": [
+            "3.2.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
     "Omer Akram": {
         "committed": [
             "2.6.0",
@@ -357,6 +386,14 @@
         ],
         "twitter": null
     },
+    "Roberto L\u00f3pez L\u00f3pez": {
+        "committed": [],
+        "github": "robertolopezlopez",
+        "reported": [
+            "3.2.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
     "Russell Shurts": {
         "committed": [],
         "github": "rshurts",
@@ -487,6 +524,14 @@
         ],
         "twitter": null
     },
+    "dependabot[bot]": {
+        "committed": [
+            "3.2.0"
+        ],
+        "github": "dependabot-sr",
+        "reported": [],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
     "dkreeft": {
         "committed": [
             "2.6.0",
@@ -553,6 +598,14 @@
         ],
         "twitter": null
     },
+    "luzpaz": {
+        "committed": [
+            "3.2.0"
+        ],
+        "github": "luzpaz",
+        "reported": [],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
     "nixbytes": {
         "committed": [
             "2.5.0"
@@ -593,6 +646,14 @@
         ],
         "twitter": null
     },
+    "zhaohanqing95": {
+        "committed": [],
+        "github": "zhaohanqing95",
+        "reported": [
+            "3.2.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
     "zoulja": {
         "committed": [],
         "github": "zoulja",

docs/contributors/snippet.jinja2

@@ -2,9 +2,10 @@
 
 ## Community contributions
 
-We’d like to thank these amazing people for their contributions to this release: {% for name, details in contributors.items() -%}
+We’d like to thank these amazing people for their contributions to this release:
-    [{{ name }}](https://github.com/{{ details.github }}){{ '' if loop.last else ', ' }}
+{% for name, details in contributors.items() -%}
-{%- endfor %}.
+- [{{ name }}](https://github.com/{{ details.github }}){{ '' if loop.last else '\n' }}
+{%- endfor %}
 
 <!-- Twitter -->
 

docs/installation/generate.py

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ def build_docs_structure(database: Database):
     tree = database[KEY_DOC_STRUCTURE]
     structure = []
     for platform, tools_ids in tree.items():
-        assert platform.isalnum(), f'{platform=} must be alpha-numeric for generated links to work'
+        assert platform.isalnum(), f'{platform=} must be alphanumeric for generated links to work'
         platform_tools = [tools[tool_id] for tool_id in tools_ids]
         structure.append((platform, platform_tools))
     return structure

docs/installation/methods.yml

@@ -17,11 +17,12 @@ docs-structure:
   Windows:
     - chocolatey
   Linux:
-    - snap-linux
-    - brew-linux
     - apt
     - dnf
     - yum
+    - single-binary
+    - snap-linux
+    - brew-linux
     - pacman
   FreeBSD:
     - pkg
@@ -36,11 +37,13 @@ tools:
       package: https://packages.debian.org/sid/web/httpie
     commands:
       install:
-        - apt update
+        - curl -SsL https://packages.httpie.io/deb/KEY.gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/httpie.gpg
-        - apt install httpie
+      # - curl -SsL -o /etc/apt/sources.list.d/httpie.list https://packages.httpie.io/deb/httpie.list
+        - echo "deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/httpie.gpg] https://packages.httpie.io/deb ./" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/httpie.list > /dev/null
+        - sudo apt update
+        - sudo apt install httpie
       upgrade:
-        - apt update
+        - sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade httpie
-        - apt upgrade httpie
 
   brew-mac:
     title: Homebrew
@@ -179,3 +182,16 @@ tools:
         - yum install httpie
       upgrade:
         - yum upgrade httpie
+
+  single-binary:
+    title: Single binary executables
+    name: Single binary executables
+    note: Get the standalone HTTPie Linux executables when you don't want to go through the full installation process.
+    links:
+    commands:
+      install:
+        - https --download packages.httpie.io/binaries/linux/http-latest -o http
+        - ln -ls ./http ./https
+        - chmod +x ./http ./https
+      upgrade:
+        - https --download packages.httpie.io/binaries/linux/http-latest -o http

docs/markdownlint.rb

@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@ all
 # Because we use HTML to hide them on the website.
 exclude_rule 'MD002'
 
+# MD007 Allow unordered list indentation
+exclude_rule 'MD007'
+
 # MD013 Line length
 exclude_rule 'MD013'
 

docs/packaging/README.md

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 Welcome on the documentation part of the **HTTPie release process**.
 
 - If you do not know HTTPie, have a look [here](https://httpie.io/cli).
-- If you are looking for HTTPie installation or upgrade instructions, then you can find all you need for your OS on [that page](https://httpie.io/docs#installation). In the case you do not find your OS, [let us know](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/).
+- If you are looking for HTTPie installation or upgrade instructions, then you can find all you need for your OS on [that page](https://httpie.io/docs#installation). In the case you do not find your OS, [let us know](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/).
 - If you are looking for technical information about the HTTPie packaging, then you are at the good place.
 
 ## About
@@ -12,18 +12,20 @@ You are looking at the HTTPie packaging documentation, where you will find valua
 
 The overall release process starts simple:
 
-1. Do the [PyPI](https://pypi.org/project/httpie/) publication.
+1. Bump the version identifiers in the following places:
-2. Then, handle company-related tasks.
+    - `httpie/__init__.py`
-3. Finally, follow OS-specific steps, described in documents below, to send patches downstream.
+    - `docs/packaging/windows-chocolatey/httpie.nuspec`
+    - `CHANGELOG.md`
+2. Commit your changes and make a PR against the `master`.
+3. Merge the PR, and tag the last commit with your version identifier.
+4. Make a GitHub release (by copying the text in `CHANGELOG.md`)
+5. Push that release to PyPI (dispatch the `Release PyPI` GitHub action).
+6. Once PyPI is ready, push the release to the Snap, Homebrew and Chocolatey with their respective actions.
+7. Go to the [`httpie/debian.httpie.io`](https://github.com/httpie/debian.httpie.io) repo and trigger the package index workflow.
 
-## First, PyPI
+## Company-specific tasks
 
-Let's do the release on [PyPi](https://pypi.org/project/httpie/).
+- Blank the `master_and_released_docs_differ_after` value in [config.json](https://github.com/httpie/cli/blob/master/docs/config.json).
-That is done quite easily by manually triggering the [release workflow](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/actions/workflows/release.yml).
-
-## Then, company-specific tasks
-
-- Blank the `master_and_released_docs_differ_after` value in [config.json](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/blob/master/docs/config.json).
 - Update the [contributors list](../contributors).
 - Update the HTTPie version bundled into [Termible](https://termible.io/) ([example](https://github.com/httpie/termible/pull/1)).
 
@@ -36,11 +38,10 @@ A more complete state of deployment can be found on [repology](https://repology.
 | -------------------------------------------: | -------------- |
 |       [Arch Linux, and derived](linux-arch/) | trusted person |
 |   [CentOS, RHEL, and derived](linux-centos/) | trusted person |
-| [Debian, Ubuntu, and derived](linux-debian/) | trusted person |
 |                      [Fedora](linux-fedora/) | trusted person |
-|  :construction: [Homebrew, Linuxbrew](brew/) | **HTTPie**     |
+| [Debian, Ubuntu, and derived](linux-debian/) | **HTTPie**     |
-|        :construction: [MacPorts](mac-ports/) | **HTTPie**     |
+|                 [Homebrew, Linuxbrew](brew/) | **HTTPie**     |
 |                      [Snapcraft](snapcraft/) | **HTTPie**     |
 |  [Windows — Chocolatey](windows-chocolatey/) | **HTTPie**     |
 
-:new: You do not find your system or you would like to see HTTPie supported on another OS? Then [let us know](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/).
+:new: You do not find your system or you would like to see HTTPie supported on another OS? Then [let us know](https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/).

docs/packaging/brew/README.md

@@ -13,21 +13,19 @@ We will discuss setting up the environment, installing development tools, instal
 
 ## Overall process
 
-:construction: Work in progress.
+The brew deployment is completely automated, and only requires a trigger to [`Release on Homebrew`](https://github.com/httpie/cli/actions/workflows/release-brew.yml) action
+from the release manager.
 
-First, update the current Formula:
+If it is needed to be done manually, the following command can be used:
 
-```bash
+```console
-make brew-deps
+$ brew bump-formula-pr httpie --version={TARGET_VERSION}
-# Copy-paste content into downstream/mac/brew/httpie.rb
-git add downstream/mac/brew/httpie.rb
-git commit -s -m 'Update brew formula to XXX'
 ```
 
-That [GitHub workflow](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/actions/workflows/test-package-mac-brew.yml) will test the formula when `downstream/mac/brew/httpie.rb` is changed in a pull request.
+which will bump the formula, and create a PR against the package index.
-
-Then, open a pull request with those changes to the [downstream file](https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core/blob/master/Formula/httpie.rb).
 
 ## Hacking
 
-:construction: Work in progress.
+Make your changes, test the formula through the [`Test Brew Package`](https://github.com/httpie/cli/actions/workflows/test-package-mac-brew.yml) action
+and then finally submit your patch to [`homebrew-core`](https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core`)
+

docs/packaging/brew/brew-deps.py

@@ -1,81 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-"""
-Generate Ruby code with URLs and file hashes for packages from PyPi
-(i.e., httpie itself as well as its dependencies) to be included
-in the Homebrew formula after a new release of HTTPie has been published
-on PyPi.
-
-<https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core/blob/master/Formula/httpie.rb>
-
-"""
-import hashlib
-import requests
-
-
-VERSIONS = {
-    # By default, we use the latest packages. But sometimes Requests has a maximum supported versions.
-    # Take a look here before making a release: <https://github.com/psf/requests/blob/master/setup.py>
-    'idna': '3.2',
-}
-
-
-# Note: Keep that list sorted.
-PACKAGES = [
-    'certifi',
-    'charset-normalizer',
-    'defusedxml',
-    'httpie',
-    'idna',
-    'Pygments',
-    'PySocks',
-    'requests',
-    'requests-toolbelt',
-    'urllib3',
-    'multidict',
-]
-
-
-def get_package_meta(package_name):
-    api_url = f'https://pypi.org/pypi/{package_name}/json'
-    resp = requests.get(api_url).json()
-    hasher = hashlib.sha256()
-    version = VERSIONS.get(package_name)
-    if package_name not in VERSIONS:
-        # Latest version
-        release_bundle = resp['urls']
-    else:
-        release_bundle = resp['releases'][version]
-
-    for release in release_bundle:
-        download_url = release['url']
-        if download_url.endswith('.tar.gz'):
-            hasher.update(requests.get(download_url).content)
-            return {
-                'name': package_name,
-                'url': download_url,
-                'sha256': hasher.hexdigest(),
-            }
-    else:
-        raise RuntimeError(f'{package_name}: download not found: {resp}')
-
-
-def main():
-    package_meta_map = {
-        package_name: get_package_meta(package_name)
-        for package_name in PACKAGES
-    }
-    httpie_meta = package_meta_map.pop('httpie')
-    print()
-    print('  url "{url}"'.format(url=httpie_meta['url']))
-    print('  sha256 "{sha256}"'.format(sha256=httpie_meta['sha256']))
-    print()
-    for dep_meta in package_meta_map.values():
-        print('  resource "{name}" do'.format(name=dep_meta['name']))
-        print('    url "{url}"'.format(url=dep_meta['url']))
-        print('    sha256 "{sha256}"'.format(sha256=dep_meta['sha256']))
-        print('  end')
-        print('')
-
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    main()

docs/packaging/brew/httpie.rb

@@ -3,18 +3,18 @@ class Httpie < Formula
 
   desc "User-friendly cURL replacement (command-line HTTP client)"
   homepage "https://httpie.io/"
-  url "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/7b/f9/13070f19226b7db3641fb787df36bb715063abe1b8ca03fbaeca0f465d27/httpie-3.0.1.tar.gz"
+  url "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/32/85/bb095699be20cc98731261cb80884e9458178f8fef2a38273530ce77c0a5/httpie-3.1.0.tar.gz"
-  sha256 "0e9bc93ebdcdd2d32ec24b8fa46cf7e4fde9eec7a6bd0c5d0ef224f25d7466b2"
+  sha256 "2e4a2040b84a912e65c01fb34f7aafe88cad2a3af2da8c685ca65080f376feda"
   license "BSD-3-Clause"
-  head "https://github.com/httpie/httpie.git", branch: "master"
+  head "https://github.com/httpie/cli.git", branch: "master"
 
   bottle do
-    sha256 cellar: :any_skip_relocation, arm64_monterey: "9d285fcfb55ce8ed787d1b01966d51e6e07f7e77c44a204695a2d6eee9c8698d"
+    sha256 cellar: :any_skip_relocation, arm64_monterey: "9bb6e8c1ef5ba8b019ddedd7e908dd2174da695351aa9a238dfb28b0f57ef005"
-    sha256 cellar: :any_skip_relocation, arm64_big_sur:  "743a282b475e87a4eaf11e545f761aef1b8e4bfe49eaee47251d7629a35a8ced"
+    sha256 cellar: :any_skip_relocation, arm64_big_sur:  "47ffccd3241155d863e1b4f6259d538a34d42a0cdeed8152bda257ee607b51be"
-    sha256 cellar: :any_skip_relocation, monterey:       "5d63ea4f47b2028b2ba68abe12a4176934193e058edd869270221b41cc946c76"
+    sha256 cellar: :any_skip_relocation, monterey:       "dc4a04cb05a9cd1bfa6a632a0e4a21975905954af54ece41f9050c52474267be"
-    sha256 cellar: :any_skip_relocation, big_sur:        "5a53221a680a35d1aa00cbadde279dbe4f562d22ed207c15bd4221cb8c3180f1"
+    sha256 cellar: :any_skip_relocation, big_sur:        "ae469e37864e967e0fd99fba15a78e719dcb351b462f98f3843c78ed1473df6d"
-    sha256 cellar: :any_skip_relocation, catalina:       "5feadb6d76f55d6f9681682e221008c282dccf0e46ae22a959b4bad2efde204a"
+    sha256 cellar: :any_skip_relocation, catalina:       "291a3eaecb2a2cc845c1652686a9a14b21053d7e3a7d0115245b2150ca2e199e"
-    sha256 cellar: :any_skip_relocation, x86_64_linux:   "d530ddbec49588b0d481f156d35f7e5bb7d3b6427d203f04750e55cd3eecc303"
+    sha256 cellar: :any_skip_relocation, x86_64_linux:   "710836e27c44c8e3ad181d668f4a9f78c4cb4c355d7b148a397599a7cd42713d"
   end
 
   depends_on "python@3.10"
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ class Httpie < Formula
   end
 
   resource "charset-normalizer" do
-    url "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/48/44/76b179e0d1afe6e6a91fd5661c284f60238987f3b42b676d141d01cd5b97/charset-normalizer-2.0.10.tar.gz"
+    url "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/56/31/7bcaf657fafb3c6db8c787a865434290b726653c912085fbd371e9b92e1c/charset-normalizer-2.0.12.tar.gz"
-    sha256 "876d180e9d7432c5d1dfd4c5d26b72f099d503e8fcc0feb7532c9289be60fcbd"
+    sha256 "2857e29ff0d34db842cd7ca3230549d1a697f96ee6d3fb071cfa6c7393832597"
   end
 
   resource "defusedxml" do
@@ -40,8 +40,8 @@ class Httpie < Formula
   end
 
   resource "multidict" do
-    url "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/8e/7c/e12a69795b7b7d5071614af2c691c97fbf16a2a513c66ec52dd7d0a115bb/multidict-5.2.0.tar.gz"
+    url "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/fa/a7/71c253cdb8a1528802bac7503bf82fe674367e4055b09c28846fdfa4ab90/multidict-6.0.2.tar.gz"
-    sha256 "0dd1c93edb444b33ba2274b66f63def8a327d607c6c790772f448a53b6ea59ce"
+    sha256 "5ff3bd75f38e4c43f1f470f2df7a4d430b821c4ce22be384e1459cb57d6bb013"
   end
 
   resource "Pygments" do

docs/packaging/brew/update.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+set -xe
+
+rm -f httpie.rb
+http --download https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core/master/Formula/httpie.rb

docs/packaging/linux-arch/PKGBUILD

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ pkgname=httpie
 pkgver=2.6.0
 pkgrel=1
 pkgdesc="human-friendly CLI HTTP client for the API era"
-url="https://github.com/httpie/httpie"
+url="https://github.com/httpie/cli"
 depends=('python-defusedxml'
          'python-pygments'
          'python-pysocks'
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ conflicts=(python-httpie)
 replaces=(python-httpie python2-httpie)
 license=('BSD')
 arch=('any')
-source=($pkgname-$pkgver.tar.gz::"https://github.com/httpie/httpie/archive/$pkgver.tar.gz")
+source=($pkgname-$pkgver.tar.gz::"https://github.com/httpie/cli/archive/$pkgver.tar.gz")
 sha256sums=('3bcd9a8cb2b11299da12d3af36c095c6d4b665e41c395898a07f1ae4d99fc14a')
 
 build() {

docs/packaging/linux-debian/README.md

@@ -11,19 +11,16 @@ Welcome to the documentation about **packaging HTTPie for Debian GNU/Linux**.
 This document contains technical details, where we describe how to create a patch for the latest HTTPie version for Debian GNU/Linux. They apply to Ubuntu as well, and any Debian-derived distributions like MX Linux, Linux Mint, deepin, Pop!_OS, KDE neon, Zorin OS, elementary OS, Kubuntu, Devuan, Linux Lite, Peppermint OS, Lubuntu, antiX, Xubuntu, etc.
 We will discuss setting up the environment, installing development tools, installing and testing changes before submitting a patch downstream.
 
-The current maintainer is Bartosz Fenski.
+We create the standalone binaries (see this [for more details](../../../extras/packaging/linux/)) and package them with
+[FPM](https://github.com/jordansissel/fpm)'s `dir` mode. The core `http`/`https` commands don't have any dependencies, but the `httpie`
+command (due to the underlying `httpie cli plugins` interface) explicitly depends to the system Python (through `python3`/`python3-pip`).
 
 ## Overall process
 
-Open a new bug on the Debian Bug Tracking System by sending an email:
+The [`Release as Standalone Linux Binary`](https://github.com/httpie/cli/actions/workflows/release-linux-standalone.yml) will be automatically
+triggered when a new release is created, and it will submit the `.deb` package as a release asset.
 
-- To: `Debian Bug Tracking System <submit@bugs.debian.org>`
+For making that asset available for all debian users, the release manager needs to go to the [`httpie/debian.httpie.io`](https://github.com/httpie/debian.httpie.io) repo
-- Subject: `httpie: Version XXX available`
+and trigger the [`Update Index`](https://github.com/httpie/debian.httpie.io/actions/workflows/update-index.yml) action. It will automatically
-- Message template (examples [1](https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=993937), and [2](https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=996479)):
+scrape all new debian packages from the release assets, properly update the indexes and create a new PR ([an example](https://github.com/httpie/debian.httpie.io/pull/1))
-
+which then will become active when merged.
-  ```email
-  Package: httpie
-  Severity: normal
-
-  <MESSAGE>
-  ```

docs/packaging/linux-fedora/README.md

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ The current maintainer is [Miro Hrončok](https://github.com/hroncok).
 
 ## Overall process
 
-We added the [.packit.yaml](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/blob/master/.packit.yaml) local file.
+We added the [.packit.yaml](https://github.com/httpie/cli/blob/master/.packit.yaml) local file.
 It unlocks real-time Fedora checks on pull requests and new releases.
 
 So there is nothing to do on our side: `Packit` will see the new release and open a pull request [there](https://src.fedoraproject.org/rpms/httpie). Then, the Fedora maintainer will review and merge.

docs/packaging/linux-fedora/httpie.spec.txt

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 Name:           httpie
-Version:        3.0.2
+Version:        3.1.0
 Release:        1%{?dist}
 Summary:        A Curl-like tool for humans
 
 License:        BSD
 URL:            https://httpie.org/
-Source0:        https://github.com/httpie/httpie/archive/%{version}/%{name}-%{version}.tar.gz
+Source0:        https://github.com/httpie/cli/archive/%{version}/%{name}-%{version}.tar.gz
 
 BuildArch:      noarch
 
@@ -78,6 +78,10 @@ help2man %{buildroot}%{_bindir}/httpie > %{buildroot}%{_mandir}/man1/httpie.1
 
 
 %changelog
+* Tue Mar 08 2022 Miro Hrončok <mhroncok@redhat.com> - 3.1.0-1
+- Update to 3.1.0
+- Fixes: rhbz#2061597
+
 * Mon Jan 24 2022 Miro Hrončok <mhroncok@redhat.com> - 3.0.2-1
 - Update to 3.0.2
 - Fixes: rhbz#2044572

docs/packaging/linux-fedora/update.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+set -xe
+
+rm -f httpie.spec.txt
+https --download src.fedoraproject.org/rpms/httpie/raw/rawhide/f/httpie.spec -o httpie.spec.txt

docs/packaging/mac-ports/README.md

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ Open a pull request to update the [downstream file](https://github.com/macports/
 
   ```bash
   # Download the archive
-  $ wget https://api.github.com/repos/httpie/httpie/tarball/2.5.0
+  $ wget https://api.github.com/repos/httpie/cli/tarball/2.5.0
 
   # Size
   $ stat --printf="%s\n" 2.5.0

docs/packaging/snapcraft/README.md

@@ -13,7 +13,16 @@ We will discuss setting up the environment, installing development tools, instal
 
 ## Overall process
 
-Trigger a new [build](https://snapcraft.io/httpie/builds), then [promote it](https://snapcraft.io/httpie/releases). If more management is needed: [revisions supervision](https://dashboard.snapcraft.io/snaps/httpie/revisions/).
+Trigger the [`Release on Snap`](https://github.com/httpie/cli/actions/workflows/release-snap.yml) action, which will
+create a snap package for HTTPie and then push it to Snap Store in the following channels:
+
+- Edge
+- Beta
+- Candidate
+- Stable
+
+If a push to any of them fail, all the release tasks for the following channels will be cancelled so that the
+release manager can look into the underlying cause.
 
 ## Hacking
 
@@ -28,7 +37,7 @@ From inside the container:
 
 ```bash
 # Clone
-git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/httpie/httpie.git
+git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/httpie/cli.git
 cd httpie
 
 # Build

docs/packaging/windows-chocolatey/README.md

@@ -13,18 +13,23 @@ We will discuss setting up the environment, installing development tools, instal
 
 ## Overall process
 
-After having successfully [built and tested](#hacking) the package, push it:
+After having successfully [built and tested](#hacking) the package, either trigger the
+[`Release on Chocolatey`](https://github.com/httpie/cli/actions/workflows/release-choco.yml) action
+to push it to the `Chocolatey` store or use the CLI:
 
 ```bash
 # Replace 2.5.0 with the correct version
 choco push httpie.2.5.0.nupkg -s https://push.chocolatey.org/ --api-key=API_KEY
 ```
 
+Be aware that it might take multiple days until the release is approved, sine it goes through multiple
+sets of reviews (some of them are done manually).
+
 ## Hacking
 
 ```bash
 # Clone
-git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/httpie/httpie.git
+git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/httpie/cli.git
 cd httpie/docs/packaging/windows-chocolatey
 
 # Build

docs/packaging/windows-chocolatey/httpie.nuspec

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 <package xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/packaging/2015/06/nuspec.xsd">
 	<metadata>
 		<id>httpie</id>
-		<version>3.0.2</version>
+		<version>3.2.2</version>
 		<summary>Modern, user-friendly command-line HTTP client for the API era</summary>
 		<description>
 HTTPie *aitch-tee-tee-pie* is a user-friendly command-line HTTP client for the API era.
@@ -30,16 +30,16 @@ Main features:
 		<authors>HTTPie</authors>
 		<owners>jakubroztocil</owners>
 		<copyright>2012-2022 Jakub Roztocil</copyright>
-		<licenseUrl>https://raw.githubusercontent.com/httpie/httpie/master/LICENSE</licenseUrl>
+		<licenseUrl>https://raw.githubusercontent.com/httpie/cli/master/LICENSE</licenseUrl>
 		<iconUrl>https://pie-assets.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/LogoIcons/GB.png</iconUrl>
 		<requireLicenseAcceptance>false</requireLicenseAcceptance>
-		<releaseNotes>See the [changelog](https://httpie.io/blog/httpie-3.0.0).</releaseNotes>
+		<releaseNotes>See the [changelog](https://github.com/httpie/cli/releases/tag/3.2.2).</releaseNotes>
 		<tags>httpie http https rest api client curl python ssl cli foss oss url</tags>
 		<projectUrl>https://httpie.io</projectUrl>
-		<packageSourceUrl>https://github.com/httpie/httpie/tree/master/docs/packaging/windows-chocolatey</packageSourceUrl>
+		<packageSourceUrl>https://github.com/httpie/cli/tree/master/docs/packaging/windows-chocolatey</packageSourceUrl>
-		<projectSourceUrl>https://github.com/httpie/httpie</projectSourceUrl>
+		<projectSourceUrl>https://github.com/httpie/cli</projectSourceUrl>
 		<docsUrl>https://httpie.io/docs</docsUrl>
-		<bugTrackerUrl>https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues</bugTrackerUrl>
+		<bugTrackerUrl>https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues</bugTrackerUrl>
 		<dependencies>
 			<dependency id="python3" version="3.7" />
 		</dependencies>

extras/httpie-completion.fish

@@ -1,52 +1,24 @@
 function __fish_httpie_styles
-    echo "
+    printf '%s\n' abap algol algol_nu arduino auto autumn borland bw colorful default emacs friendly fruity gruvbox-dark gruvbox-light igor inkpot lovelace manni material monokai murphy native paraiso-dark paraiso-light pastie perldoc pie pie-dark pie-light rainbow_dash rrt sas solarized solarized-dark solarized-light stata stata-dark stata-light tango trac vim vs xcode zenburn
-abap
+end
-algol
+
-algol_nu
+function __fish_httpie_mime_types
-arduino
+    test -r /usr/share/mime/types && cat /usr/share/mime/types
-auto
+end
-autumn
+
-borland
+function __fish_httpie_print_args
-bw
+    set -l arg (commandline -t)
-colorful
+    string match -qe H "$arg" || echo -e $arg"H\trequest headers"
-default
+    string match -qe B "$arg" || echo -e $arg"B\trequest body"
-emacs
+    string match -qe h "$arg" || echo -e $arg"h\tresponse headers"
-friendly
+    string match -qe b "$arg" || echo -e $arg"b\tresponse body"
-fruity
+    string match -qe m "$arg" || echo -e $arg"m\tresponse metadata"
-gruvbox-dark
-gruvbox-light
-igor
-inkpot
-lovelace
-manni
-material
-monokai
-murphy
-native
-paraiso-dark
-paraiso-light
-pastie
-perldoc
-rainbow_dash
-rrt
-sas
-solarized
-solarized-dark
-solarized-light
-stata
-stata-dark
-stata-light
-tango
-trac
-vim
-vs
-xcode
-zenburn"
 end
 
 function __fish_httpie_auth_types
     echo -e "basic\tBasic HTTP auth"
     echo -e "digest\tDigest HTTP auth"
+    echo -e "bearer\tBearer HTTP Auth"
 end
 
 function __fish_http_verify_options
@@ -54,6 +26,7 @@ function __fish_http_verify_options
     echo -e "no\tDisable cert verification"
 end
 
+
 # Predefined Content Types
 
 complete -c http -s j -l json         -d 'Data items are serialized as a JSON object'
@@ -74,17 +47,19 @@ complete -c http      -l pretty         -xa "all colors format none" -d 'Control
 complete -c http -s s -l style            -xa "(__fish_httpie_styles)"     -d 'Output coloring style'
 complete -c http      -l unsorted                                          -d 'Disables all sorting while formatting output'
 complete -c http      -l sorted                                            -d 'Re-enables all sorting options while formatting output'
+complete -c http      -l response-charset -x                               -d 'Override the response encoding'
+complete -c http      -l response-mime    -xa "(__fish_httpie_mime_types)" -d 'Override the response mime type for coloring and formatting'
 complete -c http      -l format-options   -x                               -d 'Controls output formatting'
 
 
 # Output Options
 
-complete -c http -s p -l print         -x -d 'String specifying what the output should contain'
+complete -c http -s p -l print         -xa "(__fish_httpie_print_args)" -d 'String specifying what the output should contain'
 complete -c http -s h -l headers                                        -d 'Print only the response headers'
+complete -c http -s m -l meta                                           -d 'Print only the response metadata'
 complete -c http -s b -l body                                           -d 'Print only the response body'
 complete -c http -s v -l verbose                                        -d 'Print the whole request as well as the response'
 complete -c http      -l all                                            -d 'Show any intermediary requests/responses'
-complete -c http -s P -l history-print -x -d 'The same as --print but applies only to intermediary requests/responses'
 complete -c http -s S -l stream                                         -d 'Always stream the response body by line'
 complete -c http -s o -l output        -F                               -d 'Save output to FILE'
 complete -c http -s d -l download                                       -d 'Download a file'
@@ -115,7 +90,7 @@ complete -c http      -l max-headers   -x -d 'Maximum number of response headers
 complete -c http      -l timeout       -x -d 'Connection timeout in seconds'
 complete -c http      -l check-status     -d 'Error with non-200 HTTP status code'
 complete -c http      -l path-as-is       -d 'Bypass dot segment URL squashing'
-complete -c http      -l chunked          -d ''
+complete -c http      -l chunked          -d 'Enable streaming via chunked transfer encoding'
 
 
 # SSL
@@ -125,13 +100,22 @@ complete -c http -l ssl      -x                                 -d 'Desired prot
 complete -c http -l ciphers       -x                                 -d 'String in the OpenSSL cipher list format'
 complete -c http -l cert          -F                                 -d 'Client side SSL certificate'
 complete -c http -l cert-key      -F                                 -d 'Private key to use with SSL'
+complete -c http -l cert-key-pass -x                                 -d 'Passphrase for the given private key'
 
 
 # Troubleshooting
 
 complete -c http -s I -l ignore-stdin      -d 'Do not attempt to read stdin'
 complete -c http      -l help              -d 'Show help'
+complete -c http      -l manual            -d 'Show the full manual'
 complete -c http      -l version           -d 'Show version'
 complete -c http      -l traceback         -d 'Prints exception traceback should one occur'
 complete -c http      -l default-scheme -x -d 'The default scheme to use'
 complete -c http      -l debug             -d 'Show debugging output'
+
+
+# Alias for https to http
+
+function https --wraps http
+        http $argv;
+end

extras/man/http.1

@@ -0,0 +1,600 @@
+.\" This file is auto-generated from the parser declaration in httpie/cli/definition.py by extras/scripts/generate_man_pages.py.
+.TH http 1 "2024-07-10" "HTTPie 3.2.4" "HTTPie Manual"
+.SH NAME
+http
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+http [METHOD] URL [REQUEST_ITEM ...]
+
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+HTTPie: modern, user-friendly command-line HTTP client for the API era. <https://httpie.io>
+.SH Positional arguments
+
+These arguments come after any flags and in the order they are listed here.
+Only URL is required.
+
+.IP "\fB\,METHOD\/\fR"
+
+
+The HTTP method to be used for the request (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, ...).
+
+This argument can be omitted in which case HTTPie will use POST if there
+is some data to be sent, otherwise GET:
+
+    $ http example.org               # => GET
+    $ http example.org hello=world   # => POST
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,URL\/\fR"
+
+
+The request URL. Scheme defaults to \[aq]http://\[aq] if the URL
+does not include one. (You can override this with: \fB\,--default-scheme\/\fR=http/https)
+
+You can also use a shorthand for localhost
+
+    $ http :3000                    # => http://localhost:3000
+    $ http :/foo                    # => http://localhost/foo
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,REQUEST_ITEM\/\fR"
+
+
+Optional key-value pairs to be included in the request. The separator used
+determines the type:
+
+\[aq]:\[aq] HTTP headers:
+
+    Referer:https://httpie.io  Cookie:foo=bar  User-Agent:bacon/1.0
+
+\[aq]==\[aq] URL parameters to be appended to the request URI:
+
+    search==httpie
+
+\[aq]=\[aq] Data fields to be serialized into a JSON object (with \fB\,--json\/\fR, \fB\,-j\/\fR)
+    or form data (with \fB\,--form\/\fR, \fB\,-f\/\fR):
+
+    name=HTTPie  language=Python  description=\[aq]CLI HTTP client\[aq]
+
+\[aq]:=\[aq] Non-string JSON data fields (only with \fB\,--json\/\fR, \fB\,-j\/\fR):
+
+    awesome:=true  amount:=42  colors:=\[aq][\[dq]red\[dq], \[dq]green\[dq], \[dq]blue\[dq]]\[aq]
+
+\[aq]@\[aq] Form file fields (only with \fB\,--form\/\fR or \fB\,--multipart\/\fR):
+
+    cv@\(ti/Documents/CV.pdf
+    cv@\[aq]\(ti/Documents/CV.pdf;type=application/pdf\[aq]
+
+\[aq]=@\[aq] A data field like \[aq]=\[aq], but takes a file path and embeds its content:
+
+    essay=@Documents/essay.txt
+
+\[aq]:=@\[aq] A raw JSON field like \[aq]:=\[aq], but takes a file path and embeds its content:
+
+    package:=@./package.json
+
+You can use a backslash to escape a colliding separator in the field name:
+
+    field-name-with\e:colon=value
+
+
+
+.PP
+.SH Predefined content types
+.IP "\fB\,--json\/\fR, \fB\,-j\/\fR"
+
+
+(default) Data items from the command line are serialized as a JSON object.
+The Content-Type and Accept headers are set to application/json
+(if not specified).
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--form\/\fR, \fB\,-f\/\fR"
+
+
+Data items from the command line are serialized as form fields.
+
+The Content-Type is set to application/x-www-form-urlencoded (if not
+specified). The presence of any file fields results in a
+multipart/form-data request.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--multipart\/\fR"
+
+
+Similar to \fB\,--form\/\fR, but always sends a multipart/form-data request (i.e., even without files).
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--boundary\/\fR"
+
+
+Specify a custom boundary string for multipart/form-data requests. Only has effect only together with \fB\,--form\/\fR.
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--raw\/\fR"
+
+
+This option allows you to pass raw request data without extra processing
+(as opposed to the structured request items syntax):
+
+    $ http \fB\,--raw\/\fR=\[aq]data\[aq] pie.dev/post
+
+You can achieve the same by piping the data via stdin:
+
+    $ echo data | http pie.dev/post
+
+Or have HTTPie load the raw data from a file:
+
+    $ http pie.dev/post @data.txt
+
+
+
+
+.PP
+.SH Content processing options
+.IP "\fB\,--compress\/\fR, \fB\,-x\/\fR"
+
+
+Content compressed (encoded) with Deflate algorithm.
+The Content-Encoding header is set to deflate.
+
+Compression is skipped if it appears that compression ratio is
+negative. Compression can be forced by repeating the argument.
+
+
+
+.PP
+.SH Output processing
+.IP "\fB\,--pretty\/\fR"
+
+
+Controls output processing. The value can be \[dq]none\[dq] to not prettify
+the output (default for redirected output), \[dq]all\[dq] to apply both colors
+and formatting (default for terminal output), \[dq]colors\[dq], or \[dq]format\[dq].
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--style\/\fR, \fB\,-s\/\fR \fI\,STYLE\/\fR"
+
+
+Output coloring style (default is \[dq]auto\[dq]). It can be one of:
+
+    auto, pie, pie-dark, pie-light, solarized
+
+
+For finding out all available styles in your system, try:
+
+$ http \fB\,--style\/\fR
+
+The \[dq]auto\[dq] style follows your terminal\[aq]s ANSI color styles.
+For non-auto styles to work properly, please make sure that the
+$TERM environment variable is set to \[dq]xterm-256color\[dq] or similar
+(e.g., via `export TERM=xterm-256color\[aq] in your \(ti/.bashrc).
+
+.IP "\fB\,--unsorted\/\fR"
+
+
+Disables all sorting while formatting output. It is a shortcut for:
+
+    \fB\,--format-options\/\fR=headers.sort:false,json.sort_keys:false
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--sorted\/\fR"
+
+
+Re-enables all sorting options while formatting output. It is a shortcut for:
+
+    \fB\,--format-options\/\fR=headers.sort:true,json.sort_keys:true
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--response-charset\/\fR \fI\,ENCODING\/\fR"
+
+
+Override the response encoding for terminal display purposes, e.g.:
+
+    \fB\,--response-charset\/\fR=utf8
+    \fB\,--response-charset\/\fR=big5
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--response-mime\/\fR \fI\,MIME_TYPE\/\fR"
+
+
+Override the response mime type for coloring and formatting for the terminal, e.g.:
+
+    \fB\,--response-mime\/\fR=application/json
+    \fB\,--response-mime\/\fR=text/xml
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--format-options\/\fR"
+
+
+Controls output formatting. Only relevant when formatting is enabled
+through (explicit or implied) \fB\,--pretty\/\fR=all or \fB\,--pretty\/\fR=format.
+The following are the default options:
+
+    headers.sort:true
+    json.format:true
+    json.indent:4
+    json.sort_keys:true
+    xml.format:true
+    xml.indent:2
+
+You may use this option multiple times, as well as specify multiple
+comma-separated options at the same time. For example, this modifies the
+settings to disable the sorting of JSON keys, and sets the indent size to 2:
+
+    \fB\,--format-options\/\fR json.sort_keys:false,json.indent:2
+
+This is something you will typically put into your config file.
+
+
+
+.PP
+.SH Output options
+.IP "\fB\,--print\/\fR, \fB\,-p\/\fR \fI\,WHAT\/\fR"
+
+
+String specifying what the output should contain:
+
+    \[aq]H\[aq] request headers
+    \[aq]B\[aq] request body
+    \[aq]h\[aq] response headers
+    \[aq]b\[aq] response body
+    \[aq]m\[aq] response metadata
+
+The default behaviour is \[aq]hb\[aq] (i.e., the response
+headers and body is printed), if standard output is not redirected.
+If the output is piped to another program or to a file, then only the
+response body is printed by default.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--headers\/\fR, \fB\,-h\/\fR"
+
+
+Print only the response headers. Shortcut for \fB\,--print\/\fR=h.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--meta\/\fR, \fB\,-m\/\fR"
+
+
+Print only the response metadata. Shortcut for \fB\,--print\/\fR=m.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--body\/\fR, \fB\,-b\/\fR"
+
+
+Print only the response body. Shortcut for \fB\,--print\/\fR=b.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--verbose\/\fR, \fB\,-v\/\fR"
+
+
+Verbose output. For the level one (with single `\fB\,-v\/\fR`/`\fB\,--verbose\/\fR`), print
+the whole request as well as the response. Also print any intermediary
+requests/responses (such as redirects). For the second level and higher,
+print these as well as the response metadata.
+
+Level one is a shortcut for: \fB\,--all\/\fR \fB\,--print\/\fR=BHbh
+Level two is a shortcut for: \fB\,--all\/\fR \fB\,--print\/\fR=BHbhm
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--all\/\fR"
+
+
+By default, only the final request/response is shown. Use this flag to show
+any intermediary requests/responses as well. Intermediary requests include
+followed redirects (with \fB\,--follow\/\fR), the first unauthorized request when
+Digest auth is used (\fB\,--auth\/\fR=digest), etc.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--stream\/\fR, \fB\,-S\/\fR"
+
+
+Always stream the response body by line, i.e., behave like `tail \fB\,-f\/\fR\[aq].
+
+Without \fB\,--stream\/\fR and with \fB\,--pretty\/\fR (either set or implied),
+HTTPie fetches the whole response before it outputs the processed data.
+
+Set this option when you want to continuously display a prettified
+long-lived response, such as one from the Twitter streaming API.
+
+It is useful also without \fB\,--pretty\/\fR: It ensures that the output is flushed
+more often and in smaller chunks.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--output\/\fR, \fB\,-o\/\fR \fI\,FILE\/\fR"
+
+
+Save output to FILE instead of stdout. If \fB\,--download\/\fR is also set, then only
+the response body is saved to FILE. Other parts of the HTTP exchange are
+printed to stderr.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--download\/\fR, \fB\,-d\/\fR"
+
+
+Do not print the response body to stdout. Rather, download it and store it
+in a file. The filename is guessed unless specified with \fB\,--output\/\fR
+[filename]. This action is similar to the default behaviour of wget.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--continue\/\fR, \fB\,-c\/\fR"
+
+
+Resume an interrupted download. Note that the \fB\,--output\/\fR option needs to be
+specified as well.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--quiet\/\fR, \fB\,-q\/\fR"
+
+
+Do not print to stdout or stderr, except for errors and warnings when provided once.
+Provide twice to suppress warnings as well.
+stdout is still redirected if \fB\,--output\/\fR is specified.
+Flag doesn\[aq]t affect behaviour of download beyond not printing to terminal.
+
+
+
+.PP
+.SH Sessions
+.IP "\fB\,--session\/\fR \fI\,SESSION_NAME_OR_PATH\/\fR"
+
+
+Create, or reuse and update a session. Within a session, custom headers,
+auth credential, as well as any cookies sent by the server persist between
+requests.
+
+Session files are stored in:
+
+    [HTTPIE_CONFIG_DIR]/<HOST>/<SESSION_NAME>.json.
+
+See the following page to find out your default HTTPIE_CONFIG_DIR:
+
+    https://httpie.io/docs/cli/config-file-directory
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--session-read-only\/\fR \fI\,SESSION_NAME_OR_PATH\/\fR"
+
+
+Create or read a session without updating it form the request/response
+exchange.
+
+
+
+.PP
+.SH Authentication
+.IP "\fB\,--auth\/\fR, \fB\,-a\/\fR \fI\,USER[:PASS] | TOKEN\/\fR"
+
+
+For username/password based authentication mechanisms (e.g
+basic auth or digest auth) if only the username is provided
+(\fB\,-a\/\fR username), HTTPie will prompt for the password.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--auth-type\/\fR, \fB\,-A\/\fR"
+
+
+The authentication mechanism to be used. Defaults to \[dq]basic\[dq].
+
+\[dq]basic\[dq]: Basic HTTP auth
+
+\[dq]digest\[dq]: Digest HTTP auth
+
+\[dq]bearer\[dq]: Bearer HTTP Auth
+
+To see all available auth types on your system, including ones installed via plugins, run:
+
+$ http \fB\,--auth-type\/\fR
+
+.IP "\fB\,--ignore-netrc\/\fR"
+
+
+Ignore credentials from .netrc.
+
+
+.PP
+.SH Network
+.IP "\fB\,--offline\/\fR"
+
+
+Build the request and print it but don\(gat actually send it.
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--proxy\/\fR \fI\,PROTOCOL:PROXY_URL\/\fR"
+
+
+String mapping protocol to the URL of the proxy
+(e.g. http:http://foo.bar:3128). You can specify multiple proxies with
+different protocols. The environment variables $ALL_PROXY, $HTTP_PROXY,
+and $HTTPS_proxy are supported as well.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--follow\/\fR, \fB\,-F\/\fR"
+
+
+Follow 30x Location redirects.
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--max-redirects\/\fR"
+
+
+By default, requests have a limit of 30 redirects (works with \fB\,--follow\/\fR).
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--max-headers\/\fR"
+
+
+The maximum number of response headers to be read before giving up (default 0, i.e., no limit).
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--timeout\/\fR \fI\,SECONDS\/\fR"
+
+
+The connection timeout of the request in seconds.
+The default value is 0, i.e., there is no timeout limit.
+This is not a time limit on the entire response download;
+rather, an error is reported if the server has not issued a response for
+timeout seconds (more precisely, if no bytes have been received on
+the underlying socket for timeout seconds).
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--check-status\/\fR"
+
+
+By default, HTTPie exits with 0 when no network or other fatal errors
+occur. This flag instructs HTTPie to also check the HTTP status code and
+exit with an error if the status indicates one.
+
+When the server replies with a 4xx (Client Error) or 5xx (Server Error)
+status code, HTTPie exits with 4 or 5 respectively. If the response is a
+3xx (Redirect) and \fB\,--follow\/\fR hasn\[aq]t been set, then the exit status is 3.
+Also an error message is written to stderr if stdout is redirected.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--path-as-is\/\fR"
+
+
+Bypass dot segment (/../ or /./) URL squashing.
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--chunked\/\fR"
+
+
+Enable streaming via chunked transfer encoding. The Transfer-Encoding header is set to chunked.
+
+
+.PP
+.SH SSL
+.IP "\fB\,--verify\/\fR"
+
+
+Set to \[dq]no\[dq] (or \[dq]false\[dq]) to skip checking the host\[aq]s SSL certificate.
+Defaults to \[dq]yes\[dq] (\[dq]true\[dq]). You can also pass the path to a CA_BUNDLE file
+for private certs. (Or you can set the REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE environment
+variable instead.)
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--ssl\/\fR"
+
+
+The desired protocol version to use. This will default to
+SSL v2.3 which will negotiate the highest protocol that both
+the server and your installation of OpenSSL support. Available protocols
+may vary depending on OpenSSL installation (only the supported ones
+are shown here).
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--ciphers\/\fR"
+
+
+
+A string in the OpenSSL cipher list format.
+
+
+See `http \fB\,--help\/\fR` for the default ciphers list on you system.
+
+
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--cert\/\fR"
+
+
+You can specify a local cert to use as client side SSL certificate.
+This file may either contain both private key and certificate or you may
+specify \fB\,--cert-key\/\fR separately.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--cert-key\/\fR"
+
+
+The private key to use with SSL. Only needed if \fB\,--cert\/\fR is given and the
+certificate file does not contain the private key.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--cert-key-pass\/\fR"
+
+
+The passphrase to be used to with the given private key. Only needed if \fB\,--cert-key\/\fR
+is given and the key file requires a passphrase.
+If not provided, you\(gall be prompted interactively.
+
+
+.PP
+.SH Troubleshooting
+.IP "\fB\,--ignore-stdin\/\fR, \fB\,-I\/\fR"
+
+
+Do not attempt to read stdin
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--help\/\fR"
+
+
+Show this help message and exit.
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--manual\/\fR"
+
+
+Show the full manual.
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--version\/\fR"
+
+
+Show version and exit.
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--traceback\/\fR"
+
+
+Prints the exception traceback should one occur.
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--default-scheme\/\fR"
+
+
+The default scheme to use if not specified in the URL.
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--debug\/\fR"
+
+
+Prints the exception traceback should one occur, as well as other
+information useful for debugging HTTPie itself and for reporting bugs.
+
+
+
+.PP
+.SH SEE ALSO
+
+For every \fB\,--OPTION\/\fR there is also a \fB\,--no-OPTION\/\fR that reverts OPTION
+to its default value.
+
+Suggestions and bug reports are greatly appreciated:
+https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues

extras/man/httpie.1

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+.\" This file is auto-generated from the parser declaration in httpie/manager/cli.py by extras/scripts/generate_man_pages.py.
+.TH httpie 1 "2024-07-10" "HTTPie 3.2.4" "HTTPie Manual"
+.SH NAME
+httpie
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+httpie
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+
+Managing interface for the HTTPie itself. <https://httpie.io/docs#manager>
+
+Be aware that you might be looking for http/https commands for sending
+HTTP requests. This command is only available for managing the HTTTPie
+plugins and the configuration around it.
+
+
+If you are looking for the man pages of http/https commands, try one of the following:
+    $ man http
+    $ man https
+
+
+.SH httpie cli export-args
+Export available options for the CLI
+.IP "\fB\,-f\/\fR, \fB\,--format\/\fR"
+
+Format to export in.
+
+.PP
+.SH httpie cli check-updates
+Check for updates
+.PP
+.SH httpie cli sessions upgrade
+Upgrade the given HTTPie session with the latest layout. A list of changes between different session versions can be found in the official documentation.
+.IP "\fB\,HOSTNAME\/\fR"
+
+The host this session belongs.
+
+.IP "\fB\,SESSION_NAME_OR_PATH\/\fR"
+
+The name or the path for the session that will be upgraded.
+
+.IP "\fB\,--bind-cookies\/\fR"
+
+Bind domainless cookies to the host that session belongs.
+
+.PP
+.SH httpie cli sessions upgrade-all
+Upgrade all named sessions with the latest layout. A list of changes between different session versions can be found in the official documentation.
+.IP "\fB\,--bind-cookies\/\fR"
+
+Bind domainless cookies to the host that session belongs.
+
+.PP
+.SH httpie cli plugins install
+Install the given targets from PyPI or from a local paths.
+.IP "\fB\,TARGET\/\fR"
+
+targets to install
+
+.PP
+.SH httpie cli plugins upgrade
+Upgrade the given plugins
+.IP "\fB\,TARGET\/\fR"
+
+targets to upgrade
+
+.PP
+.SH httpie cli plugins uninstall
+Uninstall the given HTTPie plugins.
+.IP "\fB\,TARGET\/\fR"
+
+targets to install
+
+.PP
+.SH httpie cli plugins list
+List all installed HTTPie plugins.
+.PP
+.SH httpie plugins install
+Install the given targets from PyPI or from a local paths.
+.IP "\fB\,TARGET\/\fR"
+
+targets to install
+
+.PP
+.SH httpie plugins upgrade
+Upgrade the given plugins
+.IP "\fB\,TARGET\/\fR"
+
+targets to upgrade
+
+.PP
+.SH httpie plugins uninstall
+Uninstall the given HTTPie plugins.
+.IP "\fB\,TARGET\/\fR"
+
+targets to install
+
+.PP
+.SH httpie plugins list
+List all installed HTTPie plugins.
+.PP

extras/man/https.1

@@ -0,0 +1,600 @@
+.\" This file is auto-generated from the parser declaration in httpie/cli/definition.py by extras/scripts/generate_man_pages.py.
+.TH https 1 "2024-07-10" "HTTPie 3.2.4" "HTTPie Manual"
+.SH NAME
+https
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+https [METHOD] URL [REQUEST_ITEM ...]
+
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+HTTPie: modern, user-friendly command-line HTTP client for the API era. <https://httpie.io>
+.SH Positional arguments
+
+These arguments come after any flags and in the order they are listed here.
+Only URL is required.
+
+.IP "\fB\,METHOD\/\fR"
+
+
+The HTTP method to be used for the request (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, ...).
+
+This argument can be omitted in which case HTTPie will use POST if there
+is some data to be sent, otherwise GET:
+
+    $ http example.org               # => GET
+    $ http example.org hello=world   # => POST
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,URL\/\fR"
+
+
+The request URL. Scheme defaults to \[aq]http://\[aq] if the URL
+does not include one. (You can override this with: \fB\,--default-scheme\/\fR=http/https)
+
+You can also use a shorthand for localhost
+
+    $ http :3000                    # => http://localhost:3000
+    $ http :/foo                    # => http://localhost/foo
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,REQUEST_ITEM\/\fR"
+
+
+Optional key-value pairs to be included in the request. The separator used
+determines the type:
+
+\[aq]:\[aq] HTTP headers:
+
+    Referer:https://httpie.io  Cookie:foo=bar  User-Agent:bacon/1.0
+
+\[aq]==\[aq] URL parameters to be appended to the request URI:
+
+    search==httpie
+
+\[aq]=\[aq] Data fields to be serialized into a JSON object (with \fB\,--json\/\fR, \fB\,-j\/\fR)
+    or form data (with \fB\,--form\/\fR, \fB\,-f\/\fR):
+
+    name=HTTPie  language=Python  description=\[aq]CLI HTTP client\[aq]
+
+\[aq]:=\[aq] Non-string JSON data fields (only with \fB\,--json\/\fR, \fB\,-j\/\fR):
+
+    awesome:=true  amount:=42  colors:=\[aq][\[dq]red\[dq], \[dq]green\[dq], \[dq]blue\[dq]]\[aq]
+
+\[aq]@\[aq] Form file fields (only with \fB\,--form\/\fR or \fB\,--multipart\/\fR):
+
+    cv@\(ti/Documents/CV.pdf
+    cv@\[aq]\(ti/Documents/CV.pdf;type=application/pdf\[aq]
+
+\[aq]=@\[aq] A data field like \[aq]=\[aq], but takes a file path and embeds its content:
+
+    essay=@Documents/essay.txt
+
+\[aq]:=@\[aq] A raw JSON field like \[aq]:=\[aq], but takes a file path and embeds its content:
+
+    package:=@./package.json
+
+You can use a backslash to escape a colliding separator in the field name:
+
+    field-name-with\e:colon=value
+
+
+
+.PP
+.SH Predefined content types
+.IP "\fB\,--json\/\fR, \fB\,-j\/\fR"
+
+
+(default) Data items from the command line are serialized as a JSON object.
+The Content-Type and Accept headers are set to application/json
+(if not specified).
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--form\/\fR, \fB\,-f\/\fR"
+
+
+Data items from the command line are serialized as form fields.
+
+The Content-Type is set to application/x-www-form-urlencoded (if not
+specified). The presence of any file fields results in a
+multipart/form-data request.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--multipart\/\fR"
+
+
+Similar to \fB\,--form\/\fR, but always sends a multipart/form-data request (i.e., even without files).
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--boundary\/\fR"
+
+
+Specify a custom boundary string for multipart/form-data requests. Only has effect only together with \fB\,--form\/\fR.
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--raw\/\fR"
+
+
+This option allows you to pass raw request data without extra processing
+(as opposed to the structured request items syntax):
+
+    $ http \fB\,--raw\/\fR=\[aq]data\[aq] pie.dev/post
+
+You can achieve the same by piping the data via stdin:
+
+    $ echo data | http pie.dev/post
+
+Or have HTTPie load the raw data from a file:
+
+    $ http pie.dev/post @data.txt
+
+
+
+
+.PP
+.SH Content processing options
+.IP "\fB\,--compress\/\fR, \fB\,-x\/\fR"
+
+
+Content compressed (encoded) with Deflate algorithm.
+The Content-Encoding header is set to deflate.
+
+Compression is skipped if it appears that compression ratio is
+negative. Compression can be forced by repeating the argument.
+
+
+
+.PP
+.SH Output processing
+.IP "\fB\,--pretty\/\fR"
+
+
+Controls output processing. The value can be \[dq]none\[dq] to not prettify
+the output (default for redirected output), \[dq]all\[dq] to apply both colors
+and formatting (default for terminal output), \[dq]colors\[dq], or \[dq]format\[dq].
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--style\/\fR, \fB\,-s\/\fR \fI\,STYLE\/\fR"
+
+
+Output coloring style (default is \[dq]auto\[dq]). It can be one of:
+
+    auto, pie, pie-dark, pie-light, solarized
+
+
+For finding out all available styles in your system, try:
+
+$ http \fB\,--style\/\fR
+
+The \[dq]auto\[dq] style follows your terminal\[aq]s ANSI color styles.
+For non-auto styles to work properly, please make sure that the
+$TERM environment variable is set to \[dq]xterm-256color\[dq] or similar
+(e.g., via `export TERM=xterm-256color\[aq] in your \(ti/.bashrc).
+
+.IP "\fB\,--unsorted\/\fR"
+
+
+Disables all sorting while formatting output. It is a shortcut for:
+
+    \fB\,--format-options\/\fR=headers.sort:false,json.sort_keys:false
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--sorted\/\fR"
+
+
+Re-enables all sorting options while formatting output. It is a shortcut for:
+
+    \fB\,--format-options\/\fR=headers.sort:true,json.sort_keys:true
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--response-charset\/\fR \fI\,ENCODING\/\fR"
+
+
+Override the response encoding for terminal display purposes, e.g.:
+
+    \fB\,--response-charset\/\fR=utf8
+    \fB\,--response-charset\/\fR=big5
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--response-mime\/\fR \fI\,MIME_TYPE\/\fR"
+
+
+Override the response mime type for coloring and formatting for the terminal, e.g.:
+
+    \fB\,--response-mime\/\fR=application/json
+    \fB\,--response-mime\/\fR=text/xml
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--format-options\/\fR"
+
+
+Controls output formatting. Only relevant when formatting is enabled
+through (explicit or implied) \fB\,--pretty\/\fR=all or \fB\,--pretty\/\fR=format.
+The following are the default options:
+
+    headers.sort:true
+    json.format:true
+    json.indent:4
+    json.sort_keys:true
+    xml.format:true
+    xml.indent:2
+
+You may use this option multiple times, as well as specify multiple
+comma-separated options at the same time. For example, this modifies the
+settings to disable the sorting of JSON keys, and sets the indent size to 2:
+
+    \fB\,--format-options\/\fR json.sort_keys:false,json.indent:2
+
+This is something you will typically put into your config file.
+
+
+
+.PP
+.SH Output options
+.IP "\fB\,--print\/\fR, \fB\,-p\/\fR \fI\,WHAT\/\fR"
+
+
+String specifying what the output should contain:
+
+    \[aq]H\[aq] request headers
+    \[aq]B\[aq] request body
+    \[aq]h\[aq] response headers
+    \[aq]b\[aq] response body
+    \[aq]m\[aq] response metadata
+
+The default behaviour is \[aq]hb\[aq] (i.e., the response
+headers and body is printed), if standard output is not redirected.
+If the output is piped to another program or to a file, then only the
+response body is printed by default.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--headers\/\fR, \fB\,-h\/\fR"
+
+
+Print only the response headers. Shortcut for \fB\,--print\/\fR=h.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--meta\/\fR, \fB\,-m\/\fR"
+
+
+Print only the response metadata. Shortcut for \fB\,--print\/\fR=m.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--body\/\fR, \fB\,-b\/\fR"
+
+
+Print only the response body. Shortcut for \fB\,--print\/\fR=b.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--verbose\/\fR, \fB\,-v\/\fR"
+
+
+Verbose output. For the level one (with single `\fB\,-v\/\fR`/`\fB\,--verbose\/\fR`), print
+the whole request as well as the response. Also print any intermediary
+requests/responses (such as redirects). For the second level and higher,
+print these as well as the response metadata.
+
+Level one is a shortcut for: \fB\,--all\/\fR \fB\,--print\/\fR=BHbh
+Level two is a shortcut for: \fB\,--all\/\fR \fB\,--print\/\fR=BHbhm
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--all\/\fR"
+
+
+By default, only the final request/response is shown. Use this flag to show
+any intermediary requests/responses as well. Intermediary requests include
+followed redirects (with \fB\,--follow\/\fR), the first unauthorized request when
+Digest auth is used (\fB\,--auth\/\fR=digest), etc.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--stream\/\fR, \fB\,-S\/\fR"
+
+
+Always stream the response body by line, i.e., behave like `tail \fB\,-f\/\fR\[aq].
+
+Without \fB\,--stream\/\fR and with \fB\,--pretty\/\fR (either set or implied),
+HTTPie fetches the whole response before it outputs the processed data.
+
+Set this option when you want to continuously display a prettified
+long-lived response, such as one from the Twitter streaming API.
+
+It is useful also without \fB\,--pretty\/\fR: It ensures that the output is flushed
+more often and in smaller chunks.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--output\/\fR, \fB\,-o\/\fR \fI\,FILE\/\fR"
+
+
+Save output to FILE instead of stdout. If \fB\,--download\/\fR is also set, then only
+the response body is saved to FILE. Other parts of the HTTP exchange are
+printed to stderr.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--download\/\fR, \fB\,-d\/\fR"
+
+
+Do not print the response body to stdout. Rather, download it and store it
+in a file. The filename is guessed unless specified with \fB\,--output\/\fR
+[filename]. This action is similar to the default behaviour of wget.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--continue\/\fR, \fB\,-c\/\fR"
+
+
+Resume an interrupted download. Note that the \fB\,--output\/\fR option needs to be
+specified as well.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--quiet\/\fR, \fB\,-q\/\fR"
+
+
+Do not print to stdout or stderr, except for errors and warnings when provided once.
+Provide twice to suppress warnings as well.
+stdout is still redirected if \fB\,--output\/\fR is specified.
+Flag doesn\[aq]t affect behaviour of download beyond not printing to terminal.
+
+
+
+.PP
+.SH Sessions
+.IP "\fB\,--session\/\fR \fI\,SESSION_NAME_OR_PATH\/\fR"
+
+
+Create, or reuse and update a session. Within a session, custom headers,
+auth credential, as well as any cookies sent by the server persist between
+requests.
+
+Session files are stored in:
+
+    [HTTPIE_CONFIG_DIR]/<HOST>/<SESSION_NAME>.json.
+
+See the following page to find out your default HTTPIE_CONFIG_DIR:
+
+    https://httpie.io/docs/cli/config-file-directory
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--session-read-only\/\fR \fI\,SESSION_NAME_OR_PATH\/\fR"
+
+
+Create or read a session without updating it form the request/response
+exchange.
+
+
+
+.PP
+.SH Authentication
+.IP "\fB\,--auth\/\fR, \fB\,-a\/\fR \fI\,USER[:PASS] | TOKEN\/\fR"
+
+
+For username/password based authentication mechanisms (e.g
+basic auth or digest auth) if only the username is provided
+(\fB\,-a\/\fR username), HTTPie will prompt for the password.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--auth-type\/\fR, \fB\,-A\/\fR"
+
+
+The authentication mechanism to be used. Defaults to \[dq]basic\[dq].
+
+\[dq]basic\[dq]: Basic HTTP auth
+
+\[dq]digest\[dq]: Digest HTTP auth
+
+\[dq]bearer\[dq]: Bearer HTTP Auth
+
+To see all available auth types on your system, including ones installed via plugins, run:
+
+$ http \fB\,--auth-type\/\fR
+
+.IP "\fB\,--ignore-netrc\/\fR"
+
+
+Ignore credentials from .netrc.
+
+
+.PP
+.SH Network
+.IP "\fB\,--offline\/\fR"
+
+
+Build the request and print it but don\(gat actually send it.
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--proxy\/\fR \fI\,PROTOCOL:PROXY_URL\/\fR"
+
+
+String mapping protocol to the URL of the proxy
+(e.g. http:http://foo.bar:3128). You can specify multiple proxies with
+different protocols. The environment variables $ALL_PROXY, $HTTP_PROXY,
+and $HTTPS_proxy are supported as well.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--follow\/\fR, \fB\,-F\/\fR"
+
+
+Follow 30x Location redirects.
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--max-redirects\/\fR"
+
+
+By default, requests have a limit of 30 redirects (works with \fB\,--follow\/\fR).
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--max-headers\/\fR"
+
+
+The maximum number of response headers to be read before giving up (default 0, i.e., no limit).
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--timeout\/\fR \fI\,SECONDS\/\fR"
+
+
+The connection timeout of the request in seconds.
+The default value is 0, i.e., there is no timeout limit.
+This is not a time limit on the entire response download;
+rather, an error is reported if the server has not issued a response for
+timeout seconds (more precisely, if no bytes have been received on
+the underlying socket for timeout seconds).
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--check-status\/\fR"
+
+
+By default, HTTPie exits with 0 when no network or other fatal errors
+occur. This flag instructs HTTPie to also check the HTTP status code and
+exit with an error if the status indicates one.
+
+When the server replies with a 4xx (Client Error) or 5xx (Server Error)
+status code, HTTPie exits with 4 or 5 respectively. If the response is a
+3xx (Redirect) and \fB\,--follow\/\fR hasn\[aq]t been set, then the exit status is 3.
+Also an error message is written to stderr if stdout is redirected.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--path-as-is\/\fR"
+
+
+Bypass dot segment (/../ or /./) URL squashing.
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--chunked\/\fR"
+
+
+Enable streaming via chunked transfer encoding. The Transfer-Encoding header is set to chunked.
+
+
+.PP
+.SH SSL
+.IP "\fB\,--verify\/\fR"
+
+
+Set to \[dq]no\[dq] (or \[dq]false\[dq]) to skip checking the host\[aq]s SSL certificate.
+Defaults to \[dq]yes\[dq] (\[dq]true\[dq]). You can also pass the path to a CA_BUNDLE file
+for private certs. (Or you can set the REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE environment
+variable instead.)
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--ssl\/\fR"
+
+
+The desired protocol version to use. This will default to
+SSL v2.3 which will negotiate the highest protocol that both
+the server and your installation of OpenSSL support. Available protocols
+may vary depending on OpenSSL installation (only the supported ones
+are shown here).
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--ciphers\/\fR"
+
+
+
+A string in the OpenSSL cipher list format.
+
+
+See `http \fB\,--help\/\fR` for the default ciphers list on you system.
+
+
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--cert\/\fR"
+
+
+You can specify a local cert to use as client side SSL certificate.
+This file may either contain both private key and certificate or you may
+specify \fB\,--cert-key\/\fR separately.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--cert-key\/\fR"
+
+
+The private key to use with SSL. Only needed if \fB\,--cert\/\fR is given and the
+certificate file does not contain the private key.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--cert-key-pass\/\fR"
+
+
+The passphrase to be used to with the given private key. Only needed if \fB\,--cert-key\/\fR
+is given and the key file requires a passphrase.
+If not provided, you\(gall be prompted interactively.
+
+
+.PP
+.SH Troubleshooting
+.IP "\fB\,--ignore-stdin\/\fR, \fB\,-I\/\fR"
+
+
+Do not attempt to read stdin
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--help\/\fR"
+
+
+Show this help message and exit.
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--manual\/\fR"
+
+
+Show the full manual.
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--version\/\fR"
+
+
+Show version and exit.
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--traceback\/\fR"
+
+
+Prints the exception traceback should one occur.
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--default-scheme\/\fR"
+
+
+The default scheme to use if not specified in the URL.
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--debug\/\fR"
+
+
+Prints the exception traceback should one occur, as well as other
+information useful for debugging HTTPie itself and for reporting bugs.
+
+
+
+.PP
+.SH SEE ALSO
+
+For every \fB\,--OPTION\/\fR there is also a \fB\,--no-OPTION\/\fR that reverts OPTION
+to its default value.
+
+Suggestions and bug reports are greatly appreciated:
+https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues

extras/packaging/linux/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# Use the oldest (but still supported) Ubuntu as the base for PyInstaller
+# packages. This will prevent stuff like glibc from conflicting.
+FROM ubuntu:18.04
+
+RUN apt-get update
+RUN apt-get install -y software-properties-common binutils
+RUN apt-get install -y ruby-dev
+RUN gem install fpm
+
+# Use deadsnakes for the latest Pythons (e.g 3.9)
+RUN add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y python3.9 python3.9-dev python3.9-venv
+
+# Install rpm as well, since we are going to build fedora dists too
+RUN apt-get install -y rpm
+
+ADD . /app
+WORKDIR /app/extras/packaging/linux
+
+ENV VIRTUAL_ENV=/opt/venv
+RUN python3.9 -m venv $VIRTUAL_ENV
+ENV PATH="$VIRTUAL_ENV/bin:$PATH"
+
+# Ensure that pip is renewed, otherwise we would be using distro-provided pip
+# which strips vendored packages and doesn't work with PyInstaller.
+RUN python -m pip install /app
+RUN python -m pip install pyinstaller wheel
+RUN python -m pip install --force-reinstall --upgrade pip
+
+RUN echo 'BUILD_CHANNEL="pypi"' > /app/httpie/internal/__build_channel__.py
+RUN python build.py
+
+ENTRYPOINT ["mv", "/app/extras/packaging/linux/dist/", "/artifacts"]

extras/packaging/linux/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+# Standalone Linux Packages
+
+![packaging.png](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/47358913/159950478-2d090d1b-69b9-4914-a1b4-d3e3d8e25fe0.png)
+
+This directory contains the build scripts for creating:
+
+- A self-contained binary executable for the HTTPie itself
+- `httpie.deb` and `httpie.rpm` packages for Debian and Fedora.
+
+The process of constructing them are fully automated, and can be easily done through the [`Release as Standalone Linux Package`](https://github.com/httpie/cli/actions/workflows/release-linux-standalone.yml)
+action. Once it finishes, the release artifacts will be attached in the summary page of the triggered run.
+
+
+## Hacking
+
+The main entry point for the package builder is the [`build.py`](https://github.com/httpie/cli/blob/master/extras/packaging/linux/build.py). It
+contains 2 major methods:
+
+- `build_binaries`, for the self-contained executables
+- `build_packages`, for the OS-specific packages (which wrap the binaries)
+
+### `build_binaries`
+
+We use [PyInstaller](https://pyinstaller.readthedocs.io/en/stable/) for the binaries. Normally pyinstaller offers two different modes:
+
+- Single directory (harder to distribute, low redundancy. Library files are shared across different executables)
+- Single binary (easier to distribute, higher redundancy. Same libraries are statically linked to different executables, so higher total size)
+
+Since our binary size (in total 20 MiBs) is not that big, we have decided to choose the single binary mode for the sake of easier distribution.
+
+We also disable `UPX`, which is a runtime decompression method since it adds some startup cost.
+
+### `build_packages`
+
+We build our OS-specific packages with [FPM](https://github.com/jordansissel/fpm) which offers a really nice abstraction. We use the `dir` mode,
+and package `http`, `https` and `httpie` commands. More can be added to the `files` option.
+
+Since the `httpie` depends on having a pip executable, we explicitly depend on the system Python even though the core does not use it.
+
+### Docker Image
+
+This directory also contains a [docker image](https://github.com/httpie/cli/blob/master/extras/packaging/linux/Dockerfile) which helps
+building our standalone binaries in an isolated environment with the lowest possible library versions. This is important, since even though
+the executables are standalone they still depend on some main system C libraries (like `glibc`) so we need to create our executables inside
+an environment with a very old (but not deprecated) glibc version. It makes us soundproof for all active Ubuntu/Debian versions.
+
+It also contains the Python version we package our HTTPie with, so it is the place if you need to change it.
+
+### `./get_release_artifacts.sh`
+
+If you make a change in the `build.py`, run the following script to test it out. It will return multiple files under `artifacts/dist` which
+then you can test out and ensure their quality (it is also the script that we use in our automation).

extras/packaging/linux/build.py

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+import stat
+import subprocess
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Iterator, Tuple
+
+BUILD_DIR = Path(__file__).parent
+HTTPIE_DIR = BUILD_DIR.parent.parent.parent
+
+EXTRAS_DIR = HTTPIE_DIR / 'extras'
+MAN_PAGES_DIR = EXTRAS_DIR /  'man'
+
+SCRIPT_DIR = BUILD_DIR / Path('scripts')
+HOOKS_DIR = SCRIPT_DIR / 'hooks'
+
+DIST_DIR = BUILD_DIR / 'dist'
+
+TARGET_SCRIPTS = {
+    SCRIPT_DIR / 'http_cli.py': [],
+    SCRIPT_DIR / 'httpie_cli.py': ['--hidden-import=pip'],
+}
+
+
+def build_binaries() -> Iterator[Tuple[str, Path]]:
+    for target_script, extra_args in TARGET_SCRIPTS.items():
+        subprocess.check_call(
+            [
+                'pyinstaller',
+                '--onefile',
+                '--noupx',
+                '-p',
+                HTTPIE_DIR,
+                '--additional-hooks-dir',
+                HOOKS_DIR,
+                *extra_args,
+                target_script,
+            ]
+        )
+
+    for executable_path in DIST_DIR.iterdir():
+        if executable_path.suffix:
+            continue
+        stat_r = executable_path.stat()
+        executable_path.chmod(stat_r.st_mode | stat.S_IEXEC)
+        yield executable_path.stem, executable_path
+
+
+def build_packages(http_binary: Path, httpie_binary: Path) -> None:
+    import httpie
+
+    # Mapping of src_file -> dst_file
+    files = [
+        (http_binary, '/usr/bin/http'),
+        (http_binary, '/usr/bin/https'),
+        (httpie_binary, '/usr/bin/httpie'),
+    ]
+    files.extend(
+        (man_page, f'/usr/share/man/man1/{man_page.name}')
+        for man_page in MAN_PAGES_DIR.glob('*.1')
+    )
+
+    # A list of additional dependencies
+    deps = [
+        'python3 >= 3.7',
+        'python3-pip'
+    ]
+
+    processed_deps = [
+        f'--depends={dep}'
+        for dep in deps
+    ]
+    processed_files = [
+        '='.join([str(src.resolve()), dst]) for src, dst in files
+    ]
+    for target in ['deb', 'rpm']:
+        subprocess.check_call(
+            [
+                'fpm',
+                '--force',
+                '-s',
+                'dir',
+                '-t',
+                target,
+                '--name',
+                'httpie',
+                '--version',
+                httpie.__version__,
+                '--description',
+                httpie.__doc__.strip(),
+                '--license',
+                httpie.__licence__,
+                *processed_deps,
+                *processed_files,
+            ],
+            cwd=DIST_DIR,
+        )
+
+
+def main():
+    binaries = dict(build_binaries())
+    build_packages(binaries['http_cli'], binaries['httpie_cli'])
+
+    # Rename http_cli/httpie_cli to http/httpie
+    binaries['http_cli'].rename(DIST_DIR / 'http')
+    binaries['httpie_cli'].rename(DIST_DIR / 'httpie')
+
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()

extras/packaging/linux/get_release_artifacts.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+set -xe
+
+REPO_ROOT=../../../
+ARTIFACTS_DIR=$(pwd)/artifacts
+
+# Reset the ARTIFACTS_DIR.
+rm -rf $ARTIFACTS_DIR
+mkdir -p $ARTIFACTS_DIR
+
+# Operate on the repository root to have the proper
+# docker context.
+pushd $REPO_ROOT
+
+# Build the PyInstaller image
+docker build -t pyinstaller-httpie -f extras/packaging/linux/Dockerfile .
+
+# Copy the artifacts to the designated directory.
+docker run --rm -i -v $ARTIFACTS_DIR:/artifacts pyinstaller-httpie:latest
+
+popd

extras/packaging/linux/scripts/hooks/hook-pip.py

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+from pathlib import Path
+from PyInstaller.utils.hooks import collect_all
+
+def hook(hook_api):
+    for pkg in [
+        'pip',
+        'setuptools',
+        'distutils',
+        'pkg_resources'
+    ]:
+        datas, binaries, hiddenimports = collect_all(pkg)
+        hook_api.add_datas(datas)
+        hook_api.add_binaries(binaries)
+        hook_api.add_imports(*hiddenimports)

extras/packaging/linux/scripts/http_cli.py

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from httpie.__main__ import main
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    import sys
+    sys.exit(main())

extras/packaging/linux/scripts/httpie_cli.py

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from httpie.manager.__main__ import main
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    import sys
+    sys.exit(main())

extras/profiling/README.md

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # HTTPie Benchmarking Infrastructure
 
 This directory includes the benchmarks we use for testing HTTPie's speed and the
-infrastructure to automate this testing accross versions.
+infrastructure to automate this testing across versions.
 
 ## Usage
 
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Ensure the following requirements are satisfied:
 - Python 3.7+
 - `pyperf`
 
-Then, run the `extras/benchmarks/run.py`:
+Then, run the `extras/profiling/run.py`:
 
 ```console
 $ python extras/profiling/run.py
@@ -28,12 +28,12 @@ on both of them. It will compare the results and print it as a markdown table:
 | Geometric mean                         | (ref)  |     1.10x faster     |
 
 If your `master` branch is not up-to-date, you can get a fresh clone by passing
-`--fresh` option. This way, the benchmark runner will clone the `httpie/httpie`
+`--fresh` option. This way, the benchmark runner will clone the `httpie/cli`
 repo from `GitHub` and use it as the baseline.
 
 You can customize these branches by passing `--local-repo`/`--target-branch`,
 and customize the repos by passing `--local-repo`/`--target-repo` (can either
 take a URL or a path).
 
-If you want to run a third enviroment with additional dependencies (such as
+If you want to run a third environment with additional dependencies (such as
 `pyOpenSSL`), you can pass `--complex`.

extras/profiling/benchmarks.py

@@ -9,11 +9,11 @@ timings.
 
 The benchmarks are run through 'pyperf', which allows to
 do get very precise results. For micro-benchmarks like startup,
-please run `pyperf system tune` to get even more acurrate results.
+please run `pyperf system tune` to get even more accurate results.
 
 Examples:
 
-    # Run everything as usual, the default is that we do 3 warmup runs
+    # Run everything as usual, the default is that we do 3 warm-up runs
     # and 5 actual runs.
     $ python extras/profiling/benchmarks.py
 
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ Examples:
     $ python extras/profiling/benchmarks.py --fast
 
     # For verify everything works as expected, pass --debug-single-value.
-    # It will only run everything once, so the resuls are not realiable. But
+    # It will only run everything once, so the resuls are not reliable. But
     # very useful when iterating on a benchmark
     $ python extras/profiling/benchmarks.py --debug-single-value
 

extras/profiling/run.py

@@ -19,19 +19,19 @@ which would include additional dependencies like pyOpenSSL.
 Examples:
 
     # Run everything as usual, and compare last commit with master
-    $ python extras/benchmarks/run.py
+    $ python extras/profiling/run.py
 
     # Include complex environments
-    $ python extras/benchmarks/run.py --complex
+    $ python extras/profiling/run.py --complex
 
     # Compare against a fresh copy
-    $ python extras/benchmarks/run.py --fresh
+    $ python extras/profiling/run.py --fresh
 
     # Compare against a custom branch of a custom repo
-    $ python extras/benchmarks/run.py --target-repo my_repo --target-branch my_branch
+    $ python extras/profiling/run.py --target-repo my_repo --target-branch my_branch
 
     # Debug changes made on this script (only run benchmarks once)
-    $ python extras/benchmarks/run.py --debug
+    $ python extras/profiling/run.py --debug
 """
 
 import dataclasses
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ from typing import (IO, Dict, Generator, Iterable, List, Optional,
 BENCHMARK_SCRIPT = Path(__file__).parent / 'benchmarks.py'
 CURRENT_REPO = Path(__file__).parent.parent.parent
 
-GITHUB_URL = 'https://github.com/httpie/httpie.git'
+GITHUB_URL = 'https://github.com/httpie/cli.git'
 TARGET_BRANCH = 'master'
 
 # Additional dependencies for --complex

extras/scripts/generate_man_pages.py

@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+import os
+import re
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Optional, Iterator, Iterable
+
+
+# So that httpie.cli.definition can provide man-page-specific output. Must be set before importing httpie.
+os.environ['HTTPIE_BUILDING_MAN_PAGES'] = '1'
+
+import httpie
+from httpie.cli.definition import options as core_options, IS_MAN_PAGE
+from httpie.cli.options import ParserSpec
+from httpie.manager.cli import options as manager_options
+from httpie.output.ui.rich_help import OptionsHighlighter, to_usage
+from httpie.output.ui.rich_utils import render_as_string
+
+
+assert IS_MAN_PAGE, 'CLI definition does not understand we’re building man pages'
+
+# Escape certain characters, so they are rendered properly on all terminals.
+# <https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/groff_char.7.html>
+ESCAPE_MAP = {
+    '"': '\[dq]',
+    "'": '\[aq]',
+    '~': '\(ti',
+    '’': "\(ga",
+    '\\': '\e',
+}
+ESCAPE_MAP = {ord(key): value for key, value in ESCAPE_MAP.items()}
+
+EXTRAS_DIR = Path(__file__).parent.parent
+MAN_PAGE_PATH = EXTRAS_DIR / 'man'
+PROJECT_ROOT = EXTRAS_DIR.parent
+
+OPTION_HIGHLIGHT_RE = re.compile(
+    OptionsHighlighter.highlights[0]
+)
+
+
+class ManPageBuilder:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.source = []
+
+    def title_line(
+        self,
+        full_name: str,
+        program_name: str,
+        program_version: str,
+        last_edit_date: str,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.source.append(
+            f'.TH {program_name} 1 "{last_edit_date}" '
+            f'"{full_name} {program_version}" "{full_name} Manual"'
+        )
+
+    def set_name(self, program_name: str) -> None:
+        with self.section('NAME'):
+            self.write(program_name)
+
+    def write(self, text: str, *, bold: bool = False) -> None:
+        if bold:
+            text = '.B ' + text
+        self.source.append(text)
+
+    def separate(self) -> None:
+        self.source.append('.PP')
+
+    def format_desc(self, desc: str) -> str:
+        description = _escape_and_dedent(desc)
+        description = OPTION_HIGHLIGHT_RE.sub(
+            # Boldify the option part, but don't remove the prefix (start of the match).
+            lambda match: match[1] + self.boldify(match['option']),
+            description
+        )
+        return description
+
+    def add_comment(self, comment: str) -> None:
+        self.source.append(f'.\\" {comment}')
+
+    def add_options(self, options: Iterable[str], *, metavar: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
+        text = ", ".join(map(self.boldify, options))
+        if metavar:
+            text += f' {self.underline(metavar)}'
+        self.write(f'.IP "{text}"')
+
+    def build(self) -> str:
+        return '\n'.join(self.source)
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def section(self, section_name: str) -> Iterator[None]:
+        self.write(f'.SH {section_name}')
+        self.in_section = True
+        yield
+        self.in_section = False
+
+    def underline(self, text: str) -> str:
+        return r'\fI\,{}\/\fR'.format(text)
+
+    def boldify(self, text: str) -> str:
+        return r'\fB\,{}\/\fR'.format(text)
+
+
+def _escape_and_dedent(text: str) -> str:
+    lines = []
+    for should_act, line in enumerate(text.splitlines()):
+        # Only dedent after the first line.
+        if should_act:
+            if line.startswith('    '):
+                line = line[4:]
+
+        lines.append(line)
+    return '\n'.join(lines).translate(ESCAPE_MAP)
+
+
+def to_man_page(program_name: str, spec: ParserSpec, *, is_top_level_cmd: bool = False) -> str:
+    builder = ManPageBuilder()
+    builder.add_comment(
+        f"This file is auto-generated from the parser declaration "
+        + (f"in {Path(spec.source_file).relative_to(PROJECT_ROOT)} " if spec.source_file else "")
+        + f"by {Path(__file__).relative_to(PROJECT_ROOT)}."
+    )
+
+    builder.title_line(
+        full_name='HTTPie',
+        program_name=program_name,
+        program_version=httpie.__version__,
+        last_edit_date=httpie.__date__,
+    )
+    builder.set_name(program_name)
+
+    with builder.section('SYNOPSIS'):
+        # `http` and `https` are commands that can be directly used, so they can have
+        # a valid usage. But `httpie` is a top-level command with multiple sub commands,
+        # so for the synopsis we'll only reference the `httpie` name.
+        if is_top_level_cmd:
+            synopsis = program_name
+        else:
+            synopsis = render_as_string(to_usage(spec, program_name=program_name))
+        builder.write(synopsis)
+
+    with builder.section('DESCRIPTION'):
+        builder.write(spec.description)
+        if spec.man_page_hint:
+            builder.write(spec.man_page_hint)
+
+    for index, group in enumerate(spec.groups, 1):
+        with builder.section(group.name):
+            if group.description:
+                builder.write(group.description)
+
+            for argument in group.arguments:
+                if argument.is_hidden:
+                    continue
+
+                raw_arg = argument.serialize(isolation_mode=True)
+
+                metavar = raw_arg.get('metavar')
+                if raw_arg.get('is_positional'):
+                    # In case of positional arguments, metavar is always equal
+                    # to the list of options (e.g `METHOD`).
+                    metavar = None
+                builder.add_options(raw_arg['options'], metavar=metavar)
+
+                desc = builder.format_desc(raw_arg.get('description', ''))
+                builder.write('\n' + desc + '\n')
+
+            builder.separate()
+
+    if spec.epilog:
+        with builder.section('SEE ALSO'):
+            builder.write(builder.format_desc(spec.epilog))
+
+    return builder.build()
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    for program_name, spec, config in [
+        ('http', core_options, {}),
+        ('https', core_options, {}),
+        ('httpie', manager_options, {'is_top_level_cmd': True}),
+    ]:
+        with open((MAN_PAGE_PATH / program_name).with_suffix('.1'), 'w') as stream:
+            stream.write(to_man_page(program_name, spec, **config))
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()

httpie/__init__.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ HTTPie: modern, user-friendly command-line HTTP client for the API era.
 
 """
 
-__version__ = '3.1.0'
+__version__ = '3.2.4'
+__date__ = '2024-11-01'
 __author__ = 'Jakub Roztocil'
 __licence__ = 'BSD'

httpie/cli/argparser.py

@@ -155,6 +155,7 @@ class HTTPieArgumentParser(BaseHTTPieArgumentParser):
         namespace=None
     ) -> argparse.Namespace:
         self.env = env
+        self.env.args = namespace = namespace or argparse.Namespace()
         self.args, no_options = super().parse_known_args(args, namespace)
         if self.args.debug:
             self.args.traceback = True
@@ -557,19 +558,56 @@ class HTTPieArgumentParser(BaseHTTPieArgumentParser):
             parsed_options = parse_format_options(options_group, defaults=parsed_options)
         self.args.format_options = parsed_options
 
+    def print_manual(self):
+        from httpie.output.ui import man_pages
+
+        if man_pages.is_available(self.env.program_name):
+            man_pages.display_for(self.env, self.env.program_name)
+            return None
+
+        text = self.format_help()
+        with self.env.rich_console.pager():
+            self.env.rich_console.print(
+                text,
+                highlight=False
+            )
+
+    def print_usage(self, file):
+        from rich.text import Text
+        from httpie.output.ui import rich_help
+
+        whitelist = set()
+        _, exception, _ = sys.exc_info()
+        if (
+            isinstance(exception, argparse.ArgumentError)
+            and len(exception.args) >= 1
+            and isinstance(exception.args[0], argparse.Action)
+            and exception.args[0].option_strings
+        ):
+            # add_usage path is also taken when you pass an invalid option,
+            # e.g --style=invalid. If something like that happens, we want
+            # to include to action that caused to the invalid usage into
+            # the list of actions we are displaying.
+            whitelist.add(exception.args[0].option_strings[0])
+
+        usage_text = Text('usage', style='bold')
+        usage_text.append(':\n    ')
+        usage_text.append(rich_help.to_usage(self.spec, whitelist=whitelist))
+        self.env.rich_error_console.print(usage_text)
+
     def error(self, message):
         """Prints a usage message incorporating the message to stderr and
         exits."""
         self.print_usage(sys.stderr)
-        self.exit(
+        self.env.rich_error_console.print(
-            2,
             dedent(
                 f'''
-                error:
+                [bold]error[/bold]:
                     {message}
 
-                for more information:
+                [bold]for more information[/bold]:
                     run '{self.prog} --help' or visit https://httpie.io/docs/cli
-                '''
+                '''.rstrip()
             )
         )
+        self.exit(2)

httpie/cli/constants.py

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ URL_SCHEME_RE = re.compile(r'^[a-z][a-z0-9.+-]*://', re.IGNORECASE)
 
 HTTP_POST = 'POST'
 HTTP_GET = 'GET'
+HTTP_OPTIONS = 'OPTIONS'
 
 # Various separators used in args
 SEPARATOR_HEADER = ':'
@@ -131,10 +132,3 @@ class RequestType(enum.Enum):
     FORM = enum.auto()
     MULTIPART = enum.auto()
     JSON = enum.auto()
-
-
-EMPTY_STRING = ''
-OPEN_BRACKET = '['
-CLOSE_BRACKET = ']'
-BACKSLASH = '\\'
-HIGHLIGHTER = '^'

httpie/cli/definition.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import os
 import textwrap
 from argparse import FileType
 
@@ -16,12 +17,17 @@ from httpie.cli.constants import (BASE_OUTPUT_OPTIONS, DEFAULT_FORMAT_OPTIONS,
                                   SORTED_FORMAT_OPTIONS_STRING,
                                   UNSORTED_FORMAT_OPTIONS_STRING, RequestType)
 from httpie.cli.options import ParserSpec, Qualifiers, to_argparse
-from httpie.output.formatters.colors import (AUTO_STYLE, DEFAULT_STYLE,
+from httpie.output.formatters.colors import (AUTO_STYLE, DEFAULT_STYLE, BUNDLED_STYLES,
                                              get_available_styles)
 from httpie.plugins.builtin import BuiltinAuthPlugin
 from httpie.plugins.registry import plugin_manager
-from httpie.sessions import DEFAULT_SESSIONS_DIR
+from httpie.ssl_ import AVAILABLE_SSL_VERSION_ARG_MAPPING, DEFAULT_SSL_CIPHERS_STRING
-from httpie.ssl_ import AVAILABLE_SSL_VERSION_ARG_MAPPING, DEFAULT_SSL_CIPHERS
+
+
+# Man pages are static (built when making a release).
+# We use this check to not include generated, system-specific information there (e.g., default --ciphers).
+IS_MAN_PAGE = bool(os.environ.get('HTTPIE_BUILDING_MAN_PAGES'))
+
 
 options = ParserSpec(
     'http',
@@ -29,18 +35,19 @@ options = ParserSpec(
     epilog="""
     For every --OPTION there is also a --no-OPTION that reverts OPTION
     to its default value.
-    Suggestions and bug reports are greatly appreciated:
-        https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues
-    """,
-)
 
+    Suggestions and bug reports are greatly appreciated:
+        https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues
+    """,
+    source_file=__file__
+)
 
 #######################################################################
 # Positional arguments.
 #######################################################################
 
 positional_arguments = options.add_group(
-    'Positional Arguments',
+    'Positional arguments',
     description="""
     These arguments come after any flags and in the order they are listed here.
     Only URL is required.
@@ -52,6 +59,7 @@ positional_arguments.add_argument(
     metavar='METHOD',
     nargs=Qualifiers.OPTIONAL,
     default=None,
+    short_help='The HTTP method to be used for the request (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, ...).',
     help="""
     The HTTP method to be used for the request (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, ...).
 
@@ -66,9 +74,10 @@ positional_arguments.add_argument(
 positional_arguments.add_argument(
     dest='url',
     metavar='URL',
+    short_help='The request URL.',
     help="""
-    The scheme defaults to 'http://' if the URL does not include one.
+    The request URL. Scheme defaults to 'http://' if the URL
-    (You can override this with: --default-scheme=https)
+    does not include one. (You can override this with: --default-scheme=http/https)
 
     You can also use a shorthand for localhost
 
@@ -83,6 +92,17 @@ positional_arguments.add_argument(
     nargs=Qualifiers.ZERO_OR_MORE,
     default=None,
     type=KeyValueArgType(*SEPARATOR_GROUP_ALL_ITEMS),
+    short_help=(
+        'HTTPie’s request items syntax for specifying HTTP headers, JSON/Form'
+        'data, files, and URL parameters.'
+    ),
+    nested_options=[
+        ('HTTP Headers', 'Name:Value', 'Arbitrary HTTP header, e.g X-API-Token:123'),
+        ('URL Parameters', 'name==value', 'Querystring parameter to the URL, e.g limit==50'),
+        ('Data Fields', 'field=value', 'Data fields to be serialized as JSON (default) or Form Data (with --form)'),
+        ('Raw JSON Fields', 'field:=json', 'Data field for real JSON types.'),
+        ('File upload Fields', 'field@/dir/file', 'Path field for uploading a file.'),
+    ],
     help=r"""
     Optional key-value pairs to be included in the request. The separator used
     determines the type:
@@ -128,7 +148,7 @@ positional_arguments.add_argument(
 # Content type.
 #######################################################################
 
-content_types = options.add_group('Predefined Content Types')
+content_types = options.add_group('Predefined content types')
 
 content_types.add_argument(
     '--json',
@@ -136,6 +156,7 @@ content_types.add_argument(
     action='store_const',
     const=RequestType.JSON,
     dest='request_type',
+    short_help='(default) Serialize data items from the command line as a JSON object.',
     help="""
     (default) Data items from the command line are serialized as a JSON object.
     The Content-Type and Accept headers are set to application/json
@@ -149,6 +170,7 @@ content_types.add_argument(
     action='store_const',
     const=RequestType.FORM,
     dest='request_type',
+    short_help='Serialize data items from the command line as form field data.',
     help="""
     Data items from the command line are serialized as form fields.
 
@@ -163,22 +185,21 @@ content_types.add_argument(
     action='store_const',
     const=RequestType.MULTIPART,
     dest='request_type',
-    help="""
+    short_help=(
-    Similar to --form, but always sends a multipart/form-data
+        'Similar to --form, but always sends a multipart/form-data '
-    request (i.e., even without files).
+        'request (i.e., even without files).'
-
+    )
-    """,
 )
 content_types.add_argument(
     '--boundary',
-    help="""
+    short_help=(
-    Specify a custom boundary string for multipart/form-data requests.
+        'Specify a custom boundary string for multipart/form-data requests. '
-    Only has effect only together with --form.
+        'Only has effect only together with --form.'
-
+    )
-    """,
 )
 content_types.add_argument(
     '--raw',
+    short_help='Pass raw request data without extra processing.',
     help="""
     This option allows you to pass raw request data without extra processing
     (as opposed to the structured request items syntax):
@@ -201,13 +222,14 @@ content_types.add_argument(
 # Content processing.
 #######################################################################
 
-processing_options = options.add_group('Content Processing Options')
+processing_options = options.add_group('Content processing options')
 
 processing_options.add_argument(
     '--compress',
     '-x',
     action='count',
     default=0,
+    short_help='Compress the content with Deflate algorithm.',
     help="""
     Content compressed (encoded) with Deflate algorithm.
     The Content-Encoding header is set to deflate.
@@ -218,27 +240,39 @@ processing_options.add_argument(
     """,
 )
 
+
 #######################################################################
 # Output processing
 #######################################################################
 
 
-def format_style_help(available_styles):
+def format_style_help(available_styles, *, isolation_mode: bool = False):
-    return """
+    text = """
     Output coloring style (default is "{default}"). It can be one of:
 
         {available_styles}
-
+    """
+    if isolation_mode:
+        text += '\n\n'
+        text += 'For finding out all available styles in your system, try:\n\n'
+        text += '    $ http --style\n'
+    text += textwrap.dedent("""
         The "{auto_style}" style follows your terminal's ANSI color styles.
         For non-{auto_style} styles to work properly, please make sure that the
         $TERM environment variable is set to "xterm-256color" or similar
         (e.g., via `export TERM=xterm-256color' in your ~/.bashrc).
-    """.format(
+    """)
-        default=DEFAULT_STYLE,
+
-        available_styles='\n'.join(
+    if isolation_mode:
+        available_styles = sorted(BUNDLED_STYLES)
+
+    available_styles_text = '\n'.join(
         f'    {line.strip()}'
         for line in textwrap.wrap(', '.join(available_styles), 60)
-        ).strip(),
+    ).strip()
+    return text.format(
+        default=DEFAULT_STYLE,
+        available_styles=available_styles_text,
         auto_style=AUTO_STYLE,
     )
 
@@ -254,13 +288,14 @@ _unsorted_kwargs = {
     'dest': 'format_options',
 }
 
-output_processing = options.add_group('Output Processing')
+output_processing = options.add_group('Output processing')
 
 output_processing.add_argument(
     '--pretty',
     dest='prettify',
     default=PRETTY_STDOUT_TTY_ONLY,
     choices=sorted(PRETTY_MAP.keys()),
+    short_help='Control the processing of console outputs.',
     help="""
     Controls output processing. The value can be "none" to not prettify
     the output (default for redirected output), "all" to apply both colors
@@ -276,6 +311,7 @@ output_processing.add_argument(
     default=DEFAULT_STYLE,
     action='lazy_choices',
     getter=get_available_styles,
+    short_help=f'Output coloring style (default is "{DEFAULT_STYLE}").',
     help_formatter=format_style_help,
 )
 
@@ -291,6 +327,7 @@ output_processing.add_argument(
 output_processing.add_argument(
     '--unsorted',
     **_unsorted_kwargs,
+    short_help='Disables all sorting while formatting output.',
     help=f"""
     Disables all sorting while formatting output. It is a shortcut for:
 
@@ -301,6 +338,7 @@ output_processing.add_argument(
 output_processing.add_argument(
     '--sorted',
     **_sorted_kwargs,
+    short_help='Re-enables all sorting options while formatting output.',
     help=f"""
     Re-enables all sorting options while formatting output. It is a shortcut for:
 
@@ -312,6 +350,7 @@ output_processing.add_argument(
     '--response-charset',
     metavar='ENCODING',
     type=response_charset_type,
+    short_help='Override the response encoding for terminal display purposes.',
     help="""
     Override the response encoding for terminal display purposes, e.g.:
 
@@ -324,6 +363,7 @@ output_processing.add_argument(
     '--response-mime',
     metavar='MIME_TYPE',
     type=response_mime_type,
+    short_help='Override the response mime type for coloring and formatting for the terminal.',
     help="""
     Override the response mime type for coloring and formatting for the terminal, e.g.:
 
@@ -335,6 +375,7 @@ output_processing.add_argument(
 output_processing.add_argument(
     '--format-options',
     action='append',
+    short_help='Controls output formatting.',
     help="""
     Controls output formatting. Only relevant when formatting is enabled
     through (explicit or implied) --pretty=all or --pretty=format.
@@ -361,13 +402,14 @@ output_processing.add_argument(
 # Output options
 #######################################################################
 
-output_options = options.add_group('Output Options')
+output_options = options.add_group('Output options')
 
 output_options.add_argument(
     '--print',
     '-p',
     dest='output_options',
     metavar='WHAT',
+    short_help='Options to specify what the console output should contain.',
     help=f"""
     String specifying what the output should contain:
 
@@ -390,6 +432,7 @@ output_options.add_argument(
     dest='output_options',
     action='store_const',
     const=OUT_RESP_HEAD,
+    short_help='Print only the response headers.',
     help=f"""
     Print only the response headers. Shortcut for --print={OUT_RESP_HEAD}.
 
@@ -401,6 +444,7 @@ output_options.add_argument(
     dest='output_options',
     action='store_const',
     const=OUT_RESP_META,
+    short_help='Print only the response metadata.',
     help=f"""
     Print only the response metadata. Shortcut for --print={OUT_RESP_META}.
 
@@ -412,6 +456,7 @@ output_options.add_argument(
     dest='output_options',
     action='store_const',
     const=OUT_RESP_BODY,
+    short_help='Print only the response body.',
     help=f"""
     Print only the response body. Shortcut for --print={OUT_RESP_BODY}.
 
@@ -424,20 +469,22 @@ output_options.add_argument(
     dest='verbose',
     action='count',
     default=0,
+    short_help='Make output more verbose.',
     help=f"""
     Verbose output. For the level one (with single `-v`/`--verbose`), print
     the whole request as well as the response. Also print any intermediary
     requests/responses (such as redirects). For the second level and higher,
     print these as well as the response metadata.
 
-    Level one is a shortcut for: --all --print={''.join(BASE_OUTPUT_OPTIONS)}
+    Level one is a shortcut for: --all --print={''.join(sorted(BASE_OUTPUT_OPTIONS))}
-    Level two is a shortcut for: --all --print={''.join(OUTPUT_OPTIONS)}
+    Level two is a shortcut for: --all --print={''.join(sorted(OUTPUT_OPTIONS))}
     """,
 )
 output_options.add_argument(
     '--all',
     default=False,
     action='store_true',
+    short_help='Show any intermediary requests/responses.',
     help="""
     By default, only the final request/response is shown. Use this flag to show
     any intermediary requests/responses as well. Intermediary requests include
@@ -451,19 +498,14 @@ output_options.add_argument(
     '-P',
     dest='output_options_history',
     metavar='WHAT',
-    help="""
+    help=Qualifiers.SUPPRESS,
-    The same as --print, -p but applies only to intermediary requests/responses
-    (such as redirects) when their inclusion is enabled with --all. If this
-    options is not specified, then they are formatted the same way as the final
-    response.
-
-    """,
 )
 output_options.add_argument(
     '--stream',
     '-S',
     action='store_true',
     default=False,
+    short_help='Always stream the response body by line, i.e., behave like `tail -f`.',
     help="""
     Always stream the response body by line, i.e., behave like `tail -f'.
 
@@ -484,6 +526,7 @@ output_options.add_argument(
     type=FileType('a+b'),
     dest='output_file',
     metavar='FILE',
+    short_help='Save output to FILE instead of stdout.',
     help="""
     Save output to FILE instead of stdout. If --download is also set, then only
     the response body is saved to FILE. Other parts of the HTTP exchange are
@@ -497,6 +540,7 @@ output_options.add_argument(
     '-d',
     action='store_true',
     default=False,
+    short_help='Download the body to a file instead of printing it to stdout.',
     help="""
     Do not print the response body to stdout. Rather, download it and store it
     in a file. The filename is guessed unless specified with --output
@@ -510,6 +554,7 @@ output_options.add_argument(
     dest='download_resume',
     action='store_true',
     default=False,
+    short_help='Resume an interrupted download (--output needs to be specified).',
     help="""
     Resume an interrupted download. Note that the --output option needs to be
     specified as well.
@@ -521,6 +566,7 @@ output_options.add_argument(
     '-q',
     action='count',
     default=0,
+    short_help='Do not print to stdout or stderr, except for errors and warnings when provided once.',
     help="""
     Do not print to stdout or stderr, except for errors and warnings when provided once.
     Provide twice to suppress warnings as well.
@@ -544,21 +590,26 @@ sessions.add_argument(
     '--session',
     metavar='SESSION_NAME_OR_PATH',
     type=session_name_validator,
-    help=f"""
+    short_help='Create, or reuse and update a session.',
+    help="""
     Create, or reuse and update a session. Within a session, custom headers,
     auth credential, as well as any cookies sent by the server persist between
     requests.
 
     Session files are stored in:
 
-        {DEFAULT_SESSIONS_DIR}/<HOST>/<SESSION_NAME>.json.
+        [HTTPIE_CONFIG_DIR]/<HOST>/<SESSION_NAME>.json.
 
+    See the following page to find out your default HTTPIE_CONFIG_DIR:
+
+        https://httpie.io/docs/cli/config-file-directory
     """,
 )
 sessions.add_argument(
     '--session-read-only',
     metavar='SESSION_NAME_OR_PATH',
     type=session_name_validator,
+    short_help='Create or read a session without updating it',
     help="""
     Create or read a session without updating it form the request/response
     exchange.
@@ -566,21 +617,31 @@ sessions.add_argument(
     """,
 )
 
+
 #######################################################################
 # Authentication
 #######################################################################
 
 
-def format_auth_help(auth_plugins_mapping):
+def format_auth_help(auth_plugins_mapping, *, isolation_mode: bool = False):
-    auth_plugins = list(auth_plugins_mapping.values())
+    text = """
-    return """
     The authentication mechanism to be used. Defaults to "{default}".
 
-    {types}
+    {auth_types}
+    """
 
-    """.format(
+    auth_plugins = list(auth_plugins_mapping.values())
-        default=auth_plugins[0].auth_type,
+    if isolation_mode:
-        types='\n    '.join(
+        auth_plugins = [
+            auth_plugin
+            for auth_plugin in auth_plugins
+            if issubclass(auth_plugin, BuiltinAuthPlugin)
+        ]
+        text += '\n'
+        text += 'To see all available auth types on your system, including ones installed via plugins, run:\n\n'
+        text += '    $ http --auth-type'
+
+    auth_types = '\n\n    '.join(
         '"{type}": {name}{package}{description}'.format(
             type=plugin.auth_type,
             name=plugin.name,
@@ -597,7 +658,11 @@ def format_auth_help(auth_plugins_mapping):
             ),
         )
         for plugin in auth_plugins
-        ),
+    )
+
+    return text.format(
+        default=auth_plugins[0].auth_type,
+        auth_types=auth_types,
     )
 
 
@@ -608,6 +673,7 @@ authentication.add_argument(
     '-a',
     default=None,
     metavar='USER[:PASS] | TOKEN',
+    short_help='Credentials for the selected (-A) authentication method.',
     help="""
     For username/password based authentication mechanisms (e.g
     basic auth or digest auth) if only the username is provided
@@ -623,16 +689,14 @@ authentication.add_argument(
     getter=plugin_manager.get_auth_plugin_mapping,
     sort=True,
     cache=False,
+    short_help='The authentication mechanism to be used.',
     help_formatter=format_auth_help,
 )
 authentication.add_argument(
     '--ignore-netrc',
     default=False,
     action='store_true',
-    help="""
+    short_help='Ignore credentials from .netrc.'
-    Ignore credentials from .netrc.
-
-    """,
 )
 
 #######################################################################
@@ -645,9 +709,7 @@ network.add_argument(
     '--offline',
     default=False,
     action='store_true',
-    help="""
+    short_help='Build the request and print it but don’t actually send it.'
-    Build the request and print it but don’t actually send it.
-    """,
 )
 network.add_argument(
     '--proxy',
@@ -655,6 +717,7 @@ network.add_argument(
     action='append',
     metavar='PROTOCOL:PROXY_URL',
     type=KeyValueArgType(SEPARATOR_PROXY),
+    short_help='String mapping of protocol to the URL of the proxy.',
     help="""
     String mapping protocol to the URL of the proxy
     (e.g. http:http://foo.bar:3128). You can specify multiple proxies with
@@ -668,16 +731,14 @@ network.add_argument(
     '-F',
     default=False,
     action='store_true',
-    help="""
+    short_help='Follow 30x Location redirects.'
-    Follow 30x Location redirects.
-
-    """,
 )
 
 network.add_argument(
     '--max-redirects',
     type=int,
     default=30,
+    short_help='The maximum number of redirects that should be followed (with --follow).',
     help="""
     By default, requests have a limit of 30 redirects (works with --follow).
 
@@ -687,11 +748,10 @@ network.add_argument(
     '--max-headers',
     type=int,
     default=0,
-    help="""
+    short_help=(
-    The maximum number of response headers to be read before giving up
+        'The maximum number of response headers to be read before '
-    (default 0, i.e., no limit).
+        'giving up (default 0, i.e., no limit).'
-
+    )
-    """,
 )
 
 network.add_argument(
@@ -699,6 +759,7 @@ network.add_argument(
     type=float,
     default=0,
     metavar='SECONDS',
+    short_help='The connection timeout of the request in seconds.',
     help="""
     The connection timeout of the request in seconds.
     The default value is 0, i.e., there is no timeout limit.
@@ -713,6 +774,7 @@ network.add_argument(
     '--check-status',
     default=False,
     action='store_true',
+    short_help='Exit with an error status code if the server replies with an error.',
     help="""
     By default, HTTPie exits with 0 when no network or other fatal errors
     occur. This flag instructs HTTPie to also check the HTTP status code and
@@ -729,20 +791,16 @@ network.add_argument(
     '--path-as-is',
     default=False,
     action='store_true',
-    help="""
+    short_help='Bypass dot segment (/../ or /./) URL squashing.'
-    Bypass dot segment (/../ or /./) URL squashing.
-
-    """,
 )
 network.add_argument(
     '--chunked',
     default=False,
     action='store_true',
-    help="""
+    short_help=(
-    Enable streaming via chunked transfer encoding.
+        'Enable streaming via chunked transfer encoding. '
-    The Transfer-Encoding header is set to chunked.
+        'The Transfer-Encoding header is set to chunked.'
-
+    )
-    """,
 )
 
 #######################################################################
@@ -754,6 +812,7 @@ ssl = options.add_group('SSL')
 ssl.add_argument(
     '--verify',
     default='yes',
+    short_help='If "no", skip SSL verification. If a file path, use it as a CA bundle.',
     help="""
     Set to "no" (or "false") to skip checking the host's SSL certificate.
     Defaults to "yes" ("true"). You can also pass the path to a CA_BUNDLE file
@@ -765,6 +824,7 @@ ssl.add_argument(
     '--ssl',
     dest='ssl_version',
     choices=sorted(AVAILABLE_SSL_VERSION_ARG_MAPPING.keys()),
+    short_help='The desired protocol version to used.',
     help="""
     The desired protocol version to use. This will default to
     SSL v2.3 which will negotiate the highest protocol that both
@@ -774,21 +834,36 @@ ssl.add_argument(
 
     """,
 )
+
+CIPHERS_CURRENT_DEFAULTS = (
+    """
+    See `http --help` for the default ciphers list on you system.
+
+    """
+    if IS_MAN_PAGE else
+    f"""
+    By default, the following ciphers are used on your system:
+
+    {DEFAULT_SSL_CIPHERS_STRING}
+
+    """
+)
 ssl.add_argument(
     '--ciphers',
+    short_help='A string in the OpenSSL cipher list format.',
     help=f"""
 
-    A string in the OpenSSL cipher list format. By default, the following
+    A string in the OpenSSL cipher list format.
-    is used:
 
-    {DEFAULT_SSL_CIPHERS}
+    {CIPHERS_CURRENT_DEFAULTS}
 
-    """,
+    """
 )
 ssl.add_argument(
     '--cert',
     default=None,
     type=readable_file_arg,
+    short_help='Specifies a local cert to use as the client-side SSL certificate.',
     help="""
     You can specify a local cert to use as client side SSL certificate.
     This file may either contain both private key and certificate or you may
@@ -800,6 +875,7 @@ ssl.add_argument(
     '--cert-key',
     default=None,
     type=readable_file_arg,
+    short_help='The private key to use with SSL. Only needed if --cert is given.',
     help="""
     The private key to use with SSL. Only needed if --cert is given and the
     certificate file does not contain the private key.
@@ -811,11 +887,12 @@ ssl.add_argument(
     '--cert-key-pass',
     default=None,
     type=SSLCredentials,
-    help='''
+    short_help='The passphrase to be used to with the given private key.',
+    help="""
     The passphrase to be used to with the given private key. Only needed if --cert-key
     is given and the key file requires a passphrase.
     If not provided, you’ll be prompted interactively.
-    '''
+    """
 )
 
 #######################################################################
@@ -828,50 +905,42 @@ troubleshooting.add_argument(
     '-I',
     action='store_true',
     default=False,
-    help="""
+    short_help='Do not attempt to read stdin'
-    Do not attempt to read stdin.
-
-    """,
 )
 troubleshooting.add_argument(
     '--help',
     action='help',
     default=Qualifiers.SUPPRESS,
-    help="""
+    short_help='Show this help message and exit.',
-    Show this help message and exit.
+)
-
+troubleshooting.add_argument(
-    """,
+    '--manual',
+    action='manual',
+    default=Qualifiers.SUPPRESS,
+    short_help='Show the full manual.',
 )
 troubleshooting.add_argument(
     '--version',
     action='version',
     version=__version__,
-    help="""
+    short_help='Show version and exit.',
-    Show version and exit.
-
-    """,
 )
 troubleshooting.add_argument(
     '--traceback',
     action='store_true',
     default=False,
-    help="""
+    short_help='Prints the exception traceback should one occur.',
-    Prints the exception traceback should one occur.
-
-    """,
 )
 troubleshooting.add_argument(
     '--default-scheme',
     default='http',
-    help="""
+    short_help='The default scheme to use if not specified in the URL.'
-    The default scheme to use if not specified in the URL.
-
-    """,
 )
 troubleshooting.add_argument(
     '--debug',
     action='store_true',
     default=False,
+    short_help='Print useful diagnostic information for bug reports.',
     help="""
     Prints the exception traceback should one occur, as well as other
     information useful for debugging HTTPie itself and for reporting bugs.

httpie/cli/dicts.py

@@ -35,6 +35,16 @@ class HTTPHeadersDict(CIMultiDict, BaseMultiDict):
 
         super().add(key, value)
 
+    def remove_item(self, key, value):
+        """
+        Remove a (key, value) pair from the dict.
+        """
+        existing_values = self.popall(key)
+        existing_values.remove(value)
+
+        for value in existing_values:
+            self.add(key, value)
+
 
 class RequestJSONDataDict(OrderedDict):
     pass
@@ -82,7 +92,3 @@ class MultipartRequestDataDict(MultiValueOrderedDict):
 
 class RequestFilesDict(RequestDataDict):
     pass
-
-
-class NestedJSONArray(list):
-    """Denotes a top-level JSON array."""

httpie/cli/nested_json.py

@@ -1,392 +0,0 @@
-from enum import Enum, auto
-from typing import (
-    Any,
-    Iterator,
-    NamedTuple,
-    Optional,
-    List,
-    NoReturn,
-    Type,
-    Union,
-)
-from httpie.cli.dicts import NestedJSONArray
-from httpie.cli.constants import EMPTY_STRING, OPEN_BRACKET, CLOSE_BRACKET, BACKSLASH, HIGHLIGHTER
-
-
-class HTTPieSyntaxError(ValueError):
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        source: str,
-        token: Optional['Token'],
-        message: str,
-        message_kind: str = 'Syntax',
-    ) -> None:
-        self.source = source
-        self.token = token
-        self.message = message
-        self.message_kind = message_kind
-
-    def __str__(self):
-        lines = [f'HTTPie {self.message_kind} Error: {self.message}']
-        if self.token is not None:
-            lines.append(self.source)
-            lines.append(
-                ' ' * (self.token.start)
-                + HIGHLIGHTER * (self.token.end - self.token.start)
-            )
-        return '\n'.join(lines)
-
-
-class TokenKind(Enum):
-    TEXT = auto()
-    NUMBER = auto()
-    LEFT_BRACKET = auto()
-    RIGHT_BRACKET = auto()
-
-    def to_name(self) -> str:
-        for key, value in OPERATORS.items():
-            if value is self:
-                return repr(key)
-        else:
-            return 'a ' + self.name.lower()
-
-
-OPERATORS = {OPEN_BRACKET: TokenKind.LEFT_BRACKET, CLOSE_BRACKET: TokenKind.RIGHT_BRACKET}
-SPECIAL_CHARS = OPERATORS.keys() | {BACKSLASH}
-LITERAL_TOKENS = [TokenKind.TEXT, TokenKind.NUMBER]
-
-
-class Token(NamedTuple):
-    kind: TokenKind
-    value: Union[str, int]
-    start: int
-    end: int
-
-
-def assert_cant_happen() -> NoReturn:
-    raise ValueError('Unexpected value')
-
-
-def check_escaped_int(value: str) -> str:
-    if not value.startswith(BACKSLASH):
-        raise ValueError('Not an escaped int')
-
-    try:
-        int(value[1:])
-    except ValueError as exc:
-        raise ValueError('Not an escaped int') from exc
-    else:
-        return value[1:]
-
-
-def tokenize(source: str) -> Iterator[Token]:
-    cursor = 0
-    backslashes = 0
-    buffer = []
-
-    def send_buffer() -> Iterator[Token]:
-        nonlocal backslashes
-        if not buffer:
-            return None
-
-        value = ''.join(buffer)
-        kind = TokenKind.TEXT
-        if not backslashes:
-            for variation, kind in [
-                (int, TokenKind.NUMBER),
-                (check_escaped_int, TokenKind.TEXT),
-            ]:
-                try:
-                    value = variation(value)
-                except ValueError:
-                    continue
-                else:
-                    break
-
-        yield Token(
-            kind, value, start=cursor - (len(buffer) + backslashes), end=cursor
-        )
-        buffer.clear()
-        backslashes = 0
-
-    def can_advance() -> bool:
-        return cursor < len(source)
-
-    while can_advance():
-        index = source[cursor]
-        if index in OPERATORS:
-            yield from send_buffer()
-            yield Token(OPERATORS[index], index, cursor, cursor + 1)
-        elif index == BACKSLASH and can_advance():
-            if source[cursor + 1] in SPECIAL_CHARS:
-                backslashes += 1
-            else:
-                buffer.append(index)
-
-            buffer.append(source[cursor + 1])
-            cursor += 1
-        else:
-            buffer.append(index)
-
-        cursor += 1
-
-    yield from send_buffer()
-
-
-class PathAction(Enum):
-    KEY = auto()
-    INDEX = auto()
-    APPEND = auto()
-
-    # Pseudo action, used by the interpreter
-    SET = auto()
-
-    def to_string(self) -> str:
-        return self.name.lower()
-
-
-class Path:
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        kind: PathAction,
-        accessor: Optional[Union[str, int]] = None,
-        tokens: Optional[List[Token]] = None,
-        is_root: bool = False,
-    ):
-        self.kind = kind
-        self.accessor = accessor
-        self.tokens = tokens or []
-        self.is_root = is_root
-
-    def reconstruct(self) -> str:
-        if self.kind is PathAction.KEY:
-            if self.is_root:
-                return str(self.accessor)
-            return OPEN_BRACKET + self.accessor + CLOSE_BRACKET
-        elif self.kind is PathAction.INDEX:
-            return OPEN_BRACKET + str(self.accessor) + CLOSE_BRACKET
-        elif self.kind is PathAction.APPEND:
-            return OPEN_BRACKET + CLOSE_BRACKET
-        else:
-            assert_cant_happen()
-
-
-def parse(source: str) -> Iterator[Path]:
-    """
-    start: root_path path*
-    root_path: (literal | index_path | append_path)
-    literal: TEXT | NUMBER
-
-    path:
-        key_path
-        | index_path
-        | append_path
-    key_path: LEFT_BRACKET TEXT RIGHT_BRACKET
-    index_path: LEFT_BRACKET NUMBER RIGHT_BRACKET
-    append_path: LEFT_BRACKET RIGHT_BRACKET
-    """
-
-    tokens = list(tokenize(source))
-    cursor = 0
-
-    def can_advance():
-        return cursor < len(tokens)
-
-    def expect(*kinds):
-        nonlocal cursor
-
-        assert len(kinds) > 0
-        if can_advance():
-            token = tokens[cursor]
-            cursor += 1
-            if token.kind in kinds:
-                return token
-        elif tokens:
-            token = tokens[-1]._replace(
-                start=tokens[-1].end + 0, end=tokens[-1].end + 1
-            )
-        else:
-            token = None
-
-        if len(kinds) == 1:
-            suffix = kinds[0].to_name()
-        else:
-            suffix = ', '.join(kind.to_name() for kind in kinds[:-1])
-            suffix += ' or ' + kinds[-1].to_name()
-
-        message = f'Expecting {suffix}'
-        raise HTTPieSyntaxError(source, token, message)
-
-    def parse_root():
-        tokens = []
-        if not can_advance():
-            return Path(
-                PathAction.KEY,
-                EMPTY_STRING,
-                is_root=True
-            )
-
-        # (literal | index_path | append_path)?
-        token = expect(*LITERAL_TOKENS, TokenKind.LEFT_BRACKET)
-        tokens.append(token)
-
-        if token.kind in LITERAL_TOKENS:
-            action = PathAction.KEY
-            value = str(token.value)
-        elif token.kind is TokenKind.LEFT_BRACKET:
-            token = expect(TokenKind.NUMBER, TokenKind.RIGHT_BRACKET)
-            tokens.append(token)
-            if token.kind is TokenKind.NUMBER:
-                action = PathAction.INDEX
-                value = token.value
-                tokens.append(expect(TokenKind.RIGHT_BRACKET))
-            elif token.kind is TokenKind.RIGHT_BRACKET:
-                action = PathAction.APPEND
-                value = None
-            else:
-                assert_cant_happen()
-        else:
-            assert_cant_happen()
-
-        return Path(
-            action,
-            value,
-            tokens=tokens,
-            is_root=True
-        )
-
-    yield parse_root()
-
-    # path*
-    while can_advance():
-        path_tokens = []
-        path_tokens.append(expect(TokenKind.LEFT_BRACKET))
-
-        token = expect(
-            TokenKind.TEXT, TokenKind.NUMBER, TokenKind.RIGHT_BRACKET
-        )
-        path_tokens.append(token)
-        if token.kind is TokenKind.RIGHT_BRACKET:
-            path = Path(PathAction.APPEND, tokens=path_tokens)
-        elif token.kind is TokenKind.TEXT:
-            path = Path(PathAction.KEY, token.value, tokens=path_tokens)
-            path_tokens.append(expect(TokenKind.RIGHT_BRACKET))
-        elif token.kind is TokenKind.NUMBER:
-            path = Path(PathAction.INDEX, token.value, tokens=path_tokens)
-            path_tokens.append(expect(TokenKind.RIGHT_BRACKET))
-        else:
-            assert_cant_happen()
-        yield path
-
-
-JSON_TYPE_MAPPING = {
-    dict: 'object',
-    list: 'array',
-    int: 'number',
-    float: 'number',
-    str: 'string',
-}
-
-
-def interpret(context: Any, key: str, value: Any) -> Any:
-    cursor = context
-
-    paths = list(parse(key))
-    paths.append(Path(PathAction.SET, value))
-
-    def type_check(index: int, path: Path, expected_type: Type[Any]) -> None:
-        if not isinstance(cursor, expected_type):
-            if path.tokens:
-                pseudo_token = Token(
-                    None, None, path.tokens[0].start, path.tokens[-1].end
-                )
-            else:
-                pseudo_token = None
-
-            cursor_type = JSON_TYPE_MAPPING.get(
-                type(cursor), type(cursor).__name__
-            )
-            required_type = JSON_TYPE_MAPPING[expected_type]
-
-            message = f"Can't perform {path.kind.to_string()!r} based access on "
-            message += repr(
-                ''.join(path.reconstruct() for path in paths[:index])
-            )
-            message += (
-                f' which has a type of {cursor_type!r} but this operation'
-            )
-            message += f' requires a type of {required_type!r}.'
-            raise HTTPieSyntaxError(
-                key, pseudo_token, message, message_kind='Type'
-            )
-
-    def object_for(kind: str) -> Any:
-        if kind is PathAction.KEY:
-            return {}
-        elif kind in {PathAction.INDEX, PathAction.APPEND}:
-            return []
-        else:
-            assert_cant_happen()
-
-    for index, (path, next_path) in enumerate(zip(paths, paths[1:])):
-        # If there is no context yet, set it.
-        if cursor is None:
-            context = cursor = object_for(path.kind)
-
-        if path.kind is PathAction.KEY:
-            type_check(index, path, dict)
-            if next_path.kind is PathAction.SET:
-                cursor[path.accessor] = next_path.accessor
-                break
-
-            cursor = cursor.setdefault(
-                path.accessor, object_for(next_path.kind)
-            )
-        elif path.kind is PathAction.INDEX:
-            type_check(index, path, list)
-            if path.accessor < 0:
-                raise HTTPieSyntaxError(
-                    key,
-                    path.tokens[1],
-                    'Negative indexes are not supported.',
-                    message_kind='Value',
-                )
-            cursor.extend([None] * (path.accessor - len(cursor) + 1))
-            if next_path.kind is PathAction.SET:
-                cursor[path.accessor] = next_path.accessor
-                break
-
-            if cursor[path.accessor] is None:
-                cursor[path.accessor] = object_for(next_path.kind)
-
-            cursor = cursor[path.accessor]
-        elif path.kind is PathAction.APPEND:
-            type_check(index, path, list)
-            if next_path.kind is PathAction.SET:
-                cursor.append(next_path.accessor)
-                break
-
-            cursor.append(object_for(next_path.kind))
-            cursor = cursor[-1]
-        else:
-            assert_cant_happen()
-
-    return context
-
-
-def wrap_with_dict(context):
-    if context is None:
-        return {}
-    elif isinstance(context, list):
-        return {EMPTY_STRING: NestedJSONArray(context)}
-    else:
-        assert isinstance(context, dict)
-        return context
-
-
-def interpret_nested_json(pairs):
-    context = None
-    for key, value in pairs:
-        context = interpret(context, key, value)
-
-    return wrap_with_dict(context)

httpie/cli/nested_json/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+"""
+A library for parsing the HTTPie nested JSON key syntax and constructing the resulting objects.
+
+<https://httpie.io/docs/cli/nested-json>
+
+It has no dependencies.
+
+"""
+from .interpret import interpret_nested_json, unwrap_top_level_list_if_needed
+from .errors import NestedJSONSyntaxError
+from .tokens import EMPTY_STRING, NestedJSONArray
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    'interpret_nested_json',
+    'unwrap_top_level_list_if_needed',
+    'EMPTY_STRING',
+    'NestedJSONArray',
+    'NestedJSONSyntaxError'
+]

httpie/cli/nested_json/errors.py

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+from typing import Optional
+
+from .tokens import Token, HIGHLIGHTER
+
+
+class NestedJSONSyntaxError(ValueError):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        source: str,
+        token: Optional[Token],
+        message: str,
+        message_kind: str = 'Syntax',
+    ) -> None:
+        self.source = source
+        self.token = token
+        self.message = message
+        self.message_kind = message_kind
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        lines = [f'HTTPie {self.message_kind} Error: {self.message}']
+        if self.token is not None:
+            lines.append(self.source)
+            lines.append(
+                ' ' * self.token.start
+                + HIGHLIGHTER * (self.token.end - self.token.start)
+            )
+        return '\n'.join(lines)

httpie/cli/nested_json/interpret.py

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+from typing import Type, Union, Any, Iterable, Tuple
+
+from .parse import parse, assert_cant_happen
+from .errors import NestedJSONSyntaxError
+from .tokens import EMPTY_STRING, TokenKind, Token, PathAction, Path, NestedJSONArray
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    'interpret_nested_json',
+    'unwrap_top_level_list_if_needed',
+]
+
+JSONType = Type[Union[dict, list, int, float, str]]
+JSON_TYPE_MAPPING = {
+    dict: 'object',
+    list: 'array',
+    int: 'number',
+    float: 'number',
+    str: 'string',
+}
+
+
+def interpret_nested_json(pairs: Iterable[Tuple[str, str]]) -> dict:
+    context = None
+    for key, value in pairs:
+        context = interpret(context, key, value)
+    return wrap_with_dict(context)
+
+
+def interpret(context: Any, key: str, value: Any) -> Any:
+    cursor = context
+    paths = list(parse(key))
+    paths.append(Path(PathAction.SET, value))
+
+    # noinspection PyShadowingNames
+    def type_check(index: int, path: Path, expected_type: JSONType):
+        if not isinstance(cursor, expected_type):
+            if path.tokens:
+                pseudo_token = Token(
+                    kind=TokenKind.PSEUDO,
+                    value='',
+                    start=path.tokens[0].start,
+                    end=path.tokens[-1].end,
+                )
+            else:
+                pseudo_token = None
+            cursor_type = JSON_TYPE_MAPPING.get(type(cursor), type(cursor).__name__)
+            required_type = JSON_TYPE_MAPPING[expected_type]
+            message = f'Cannot perform {path.kind.to_string()!r} based access on '
+            message += repr(''.join(path.reconstruct() for path in paths[:index]))
+            message += f' which has a type of {cursor_type!r} but this operation'
+            message += f' requires a type of {required_type!r}.'
+            raise NestedJSONSyntaxError(
+                source=key,
+                token=pseudo_token,
+                message=message,
+                message_kind='Type',
+            )
+
+    def object_for(kind: PathAction) -> Any:
+        if kind is PathAction.KEY:
+            return {}
+        elif kind in {PathAction.INDEX, PathAction.APPEND}:
+            return []
+        else:
+            assert_cant_happen()
+
+    for index, (path, next_path) in enumerate(zip(paths, paths[1:])):
+        # If there is no context yet, set it.
+        if cursor is None:
+            context = cursor = object_for(path.kind)
+        if path.kind is PathAction.KEY:
+            type_check(index, path, dict)
+            if next_path.kind is PathAction.SET:
+                cursor[path.accessor] = next_path.accessor
+                break
+            cursor = cursor.setdefault(path.accessor, object_for(next_path.kind))
+        elif path.kind is PathAction.INDEX:
+            type_check(index, path, list)
+            if path.accessor < 0:
+                raise NestedJSONSyntaxError(
+                    source=key,
+                    token=path.tokens[1],
+                    message='Negative indexes are not supported.',
+                    message_kind='Value',
+                )
+            cursor.extend([None] * (path.accessor - len(cursor) + 1))
+            if next_path.kind is PathAction.SET:
+                cursor[path.accessor] = next_path.accessor
+                break
+            if cursor[path.accessor] is None:
+                cursor[path.accessor] = object_for(next_path.kind)
+            cursor = cursor[path.accessor]
+        elif path.kind is PathAction.APPEND:
+            type_check(index, path, list)
+            if next_path.kind is PathAction.SET:
+                cursor.append(next_path.accessor)
+                break
+            cursor.append(object_for(next_path.kind))
+            cursor = cursor[-1]
+        else:
+            assert_cant_happen()
+
+    return context
+
+
+def wrap_with_dict(context):
+    if context is None:
+        return {}
+    elif isinstance(context, list):
+        return {
+            EMPTY_STRING: NestedJSONArray(context),
+        }
+    else:
+        assert isinstance(context, dict)
+        return context
+
+
+def unwrap_top_level_list_if_needed(data: dict):
+    """
+    Propagate the top-level list, if that’s what we got.
+
+    """
+    if len(data) == 1:
+        key, value = list(data.items())[0]
+        if isinstance(value, NestedJSONArray):
+            assert key == EMPTY_STRING
+            return value
+    return data

httpie/cli/nested_json/parse.py

@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+from typing import Iterator
+
+from .errors import NestedJSONSyntaxError
+from .tokens import (
+    EMPTY_STRING,
+    BACKSLASH,
+    TokenKind,
+    OPERATORS,
+    SPECIAL_CHARS,
+    LITERAL_TOKENS,
+    Token,
+    PathAction,
+    Path,
+)
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    'parse',
+    'assert_cant_happen',
+]
+
+
+def parse(source: str) -> Iterator[Path]:
+    """
+    start: root_path path*
+    root_path: (literal | index_path | append_path)
+    literal: TEXT | NUMBER
+
+    path:
+        key_path
+        | index_path
+        | append_path
+    key_path: LEFT_BRACKET TEXT RIGHT_BRACKET
+    index_path: LEFT_BRACKET NUMBER RIGHT_BRACKET
+    append_path: LEFT_BRACKET RIGHT_BRACKET
+
+    """
+
+    tokens = list(tokenize(source))
+    cursor = 0
+
+    def can_advance():
+        return cursor < len(tokens)
+
+    # noinspection PyShadowingNames
+    def expect(*kinds):
+        nonlocal cursor
+        assert kinds
+        if can_advance():
+            token = tokens[cursor]
+            cursor += 1
+            if token.kind in kinds:
+                return token
+        elif tokens:
+            token = tokens[-1]._replace(
+                start=tokens[-1].end + 0,
+                end=tokens[-1].end + 1,
+            )
+        else:
+            token = None
+        if len(kinds) == 1:
+            suffix = kinds[0].to_name()
+        else:
+            suffix = ', '.join(kind.to_name() for kind in kinds[:-1])
+            suffix += ' or ' + kinds[-1].to_name()
+        message = f'Expecting {suffix}'
+        raise NestedJSONSyntaxError(source, token, message)
+
+    # noinspection PyShadowingNames
+    def parse_root():
+        tokens = []
+        if not can_advance():
+            return Path(
+                kind=PathAction.KEY,
+                accessor=EMPTY_STRING,
+                is_root=True
+            )
+        # (literal | index_path | append_path)?
+        token = expect(*LITERAL_TOKENS, TokenKind.LEFT_BRACKET)
+        tokens.append(token)
+        if token.kind in LITERAL_TOKENS:
+            action = PathAction.KEY
+            value = str(token.value)
+        elif token.kind is TokenKind.LEFT_BRACKET:
+            token = expect(TokenKind.NUMBER, TokenKind.RIGHT_BRACKET)
+            tokens.append(token)
+            if token.kind is TokenKind.NUMBER:
+                action = PathAction.INDEX
+                value = token.value
+                tokens.append(expect(TokenKind.RIGHT_BRACKET))
+            elif token.kind is TokenKind.RIGHT_BRACKET:
+                action = PathAction.APPEND
+                value = None
+            else:
+                assert_cant_happen()
+        else:
+            assert_cant_happen()
+        # noinspection PyUnboundLocalVariable
+        return Path(
+            kind=action,
+            accessor=value,
+            tokens=tokens,
+            is_root=True
+        )
+
+    yield parse_root()
+
+    # path*
+    while can_advance():
+        path_tokens = [expect(TokenKind.LEFT_BRACKET)]
+        token = expect(TokenKind.TEXT, TokenKind.NUMBER, TokenKind.RIGHT_BRACKET)
+        path_tokens.append(token)
+        if token.kind is TokenKind.RIGHT_BRACKET:
+            path = Path(PathAction.APPEND, tokens=path_tokens)
+        elif token.kind is TokenKind.TEXT:
+            path = Path(PathAction.KEY, token.value, tokens=path_tokens)
+            path_tokens.append(expect(TokenKind.RIGHT_BRACKET))
+        elif token.kind is TokenKind.NUMBER:
+            path = Path(PathAction.INDEX, token.value, tokens=path_tokens)
+            path_tokens.append(expect(TokenKind.RIGHT_BRACKET))
+        else:
+            assert_cant_happen()
+        # noinspection PyUnboundLocalVariable
+        yield path
+
+
+def tokenize(source: str) -> Iterator[Token]:
+    cursor = 0
+    backslashes = 0
+    buffer = []
+
+    def send_buffer() -> Iterator[Token]:
+        nonlocal backslashes
+        if not buffer:
+            return None
+
+        value = ''.join(buffer)
+        kind = TokenKind.TEXT
+        if not backslashes:
+            for variation, kind in [
+                (int, TokenKind.NUMBER),
+                (check_escaped_int, TokenKind.TEXT),
+            ]:
+                try:
+                    value = variation(value)
+                except ValueError:
+                    continue
+                else:
+                    break
+        yield Token(
+            kind=kind,
+            value=value,
+            start=cursor - (len(buffer) + backslashes),
+            end=cursor,
+        )
+        buffer.clear()
+        backslashes = 0
+
+    def can_advance() -> bool:
+        return cursor < len(source)
+
+    while can_advance():
+        index = source[cursor]
+        if index in OPERATORS:
+            yield from send_buffer()
+            yield Token(OPERATORS[index], index, cursor, cursor + 1)
+        elif index == BACKSLASH and can_advance():
+            if source[cursor + 1] in SPECIAL_CHARS:
+                backslashes += 1
+            else:
+                buffer.append(index)
+            buffer.append(source[cursor + 1])
+            cursor += 1
+        else:
+            buffer.append(index)
+        cursor += 1
+
+    yield from send_buffer()
+
+
+def check_escaped_int(value: str) -> str:
+    if not value.startswith(BACKSLASH):
+        raise ValueError('Not an escaped int')
+    try:
+        int(value[1:])
+    except ValueError as exc:
+        raise ValueError('Not an escaped int') from exc
+    else:
+        return value[1:]
+
+
+def assert_cant_happen():
+    raise ValueError('Unexpected value')

httpie/cli/nested_json/tokens.py

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+from enum import Enum, auto
+from typing import NamedTuple, Union, Optional, List
+
+EMPTY_STRING = ''
+HIGHLIGHTER = '^'
+OPEN_BRACKET = '['
+CLOSE_BRACKET = ']'
+BACKSLASH = '\\'
+
+
+class TokenKind(Enum):
+    TEXT = auto()
+    NUMBER = auto()
+    LEFT_BRACKET = auto()
+    RIGHT_BRACKET = auto()
+    PSEUDO = auto()  # Not a real token, use when representing location only.
+
+    def to_name(self) -> str:
+        for key, value in OPERATORS.items():
+            if value is self:
+                return repr(key)
+        else:
+            return 'a ' + self.name.lower()
+
+
+OPERATORS = {
+    OPEN_BRACKET: TokenKind.LEFT_BRACKET,
+    CLOSE_BRACKET: TokenKind.RIGHT_BRACKET,
+}
+SPECIAL_CHARS = OPERATORS.keys() | {BACKSLASH}
+LITERAL_TOKENS = [
+    TokenKind.TEXT,
+    TokenKind.NUMBER,
+]
+
+
+class Token(NamedTuple):
+    kind: TokenKind
+    value: Union[str, int]
+    start: int
+    end: int
+
+
+class PathAction(Enum):
+    KEY = auto()
+    INDEX = auto()
+    APPEND = auto()
+    # Pseudo action, used by the interpreter
+    SET = auto()
+
+    def to_string(self) -> str:
+        return self.name.lower()
+
+
+class Path:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        kind: PathAction,
+        accessor: Optional[Union[str, int]] = None,
+        tokens: Optional[List[Token]] = None,
+        is_root: bool = False,
+    ):
+        self.kind = kind
+        self.accessor = accessor
+        self.tokens = tokens or []
+        self.is_root = is_root
+
+    def reconstruct(self) -> str:
+        if self.kind is PathAction.KEY:
+            if self.is_root:
+                return str(self.accessor)
+            return OPEN_BRACKET + self.accessor + CLOSE_BRACKET
+        elif self.kind is PathAction.INDEX:
+            return OPEN_BRACKET + str(self.accessor) + CLOSE_BRACKET
+        elif self.kind is PathAction.APPEND:
+            return OPEN_BRACKET + CLOSE_BRACKET
+
+
+class NestedJSONArray(list):
+    """Denotes a top-level JSON array."""

httpie/cli/options.py

@@ -3,15 +3,16 @@ import textwrap
 import typing
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 from enum import Enum, auto
-from typing import Any, Optional, Dict, List, Type, TypeVar
+from typing import Any, Optional, Dict, List, Tuple, Type, TypeVar
 
 from httpie.cli.argparser import HTTPieArgumentParser
-from httpie.cli.utils import LazyChoices
+from httpie.cli.utils import Manual, LazyChoices
 
 
 class Qualifiers(Enum):
     OPTIONAL = auto()
     ZERO_OR_MORE = auto()
+    ONE_OR_MORE = auto()
     SUPPRESS = auto()
 
 
@@ -24,6 +25,16 @@ def map_qualifiers(
     }
 
 
+def drop_keys(
+    configuration: Dict[str, Any], key_blacklist: Tuple[str, ...]
+):
+    return {
+        key: value
+        for key, value in configuration.items()
+        if key not in key_blacklist
+    }
+
+
 PARSER_SPEC_VERSION = '0.0.1a0'
 
 
@@ -33,6 +44,8 @@ class ParserSpec:
     description: Optional[str] = None
     epilog: Optional[str] = None
     groups: List['Group'] = field(default_factory=list)
+    man_page_hint: Optional[str] = None
+    source_file: Optional[str] = None
 
     def finalize(self) -> 'ParserSpec':
         if self.description:
@@ -69,6 +82,7 @@ class Group:
 
     def add_argument(self, *args, **kwargs):
         argument = Argument(list(args), kwargs.copy())
+        argument.post_init()
         self.arguments.append(argument)
         return argument
 
@@ -85,14 +99,32 @@ class Argument(typing.NamedTuple):
     aliases: List[str]
     configuration: Dict[str, Any]
 
-    def serialize(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def post_init(self):
+        """Run a bunch of post-init hooks."""
+        # If there is a short help, then create the longer version from it.
+        short_help = self.configuration.get('short_help')
+        if (
+            short_help
+            and 'help' not in self.configuration
+            and self.configuration.get('action') != 'lazy_choices'
+        ):
+            self.configuration['help'] = f'\n{short_help}\n\n'
+
+    def serialize(self, *, isolation_mode: bool = False) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         configuration = self.configuration.copy()
 
         # Unpack the dynamically computed choices, since we
         # will need to store the actual values somewhere.
         action = configuration.pop('action', None)
+        short_help = configuration.pop('short_help', None)
+        nested_options = configuration.pop('nested_options', None)
+
         if action == 'lazy_choices':
-            choices = LazyChoices(self.aliases, **{'dest': None, **configuration})
+            choices = LazyChoices(
+                self.aliases,
+                **{'dest': None, **configuration},
+                isolation_mode=isolation_mode
+            )
             configuration['choices'] = list(choices.load())
             configuration['help'] = choices.help
 
@@ -106,9 +138,13 @@ class Argument(typing.NamedTuple):
         qualifiers = JSON_QUALIFIER_TO_OPTIONS[configuration.get('nargs', Qualifiers.SUPPRESS)]
         result.update(qualifiers)
 
-        help_msg = configuration.get('help')
+        description = configuration.get('help')
-        if help_msg and help_msg is not Qualifiers.SUPPRESS:
+        if description and description is not Qualifiers.SUPPRESS:
-            result['description'] = help_msg.strip()
+            result['short_description'] = short_help
+            result['description'] = description
+
+        if nested_options:
+            result['nested_options'] = nested_options
 
         python_type = configuration.get('type')
         if python_type is not None:
@@ -123,10 +159,19 @@ class Argument(typing.NamedTuple):
             key: value
             for key, value in configuration.items()
             if key in JSON_DIRECT_MIRROR_OPTIONS
+            if value is not Qualifiers.SUPPRESS
         })
 
         return result
 
+    @property
+    def is_positional(self):
+        return len(self.aliases) == 0
+
+    @property
+    def is_hidden(self):
+        return self.configuration.get('help') is Qualifiers.SUPPRESS
+
     def __getattr__(self, attribute_name):
         if attribute_name in self.configuration:
             return self.configuration[attribute_name]
@@ -140,7 +185,9 @@ ARGPARSE_QUALIFIER_MAP = {
     Qualifiers.OPTIONAL: argparse.OPTIONAL,
     Qualifiers.SUPPRESS: argparse.SUPPRESS,
     Qualifiers.ZERO_OR_MORE: argparse.ZERO_OR_MORE,
+    Qualifiers.ONE_OR_MORE: argparse.ONE_OR_MORE
 }
+ARGPARSE_IGNORE_KEYS = ('short_help', 'nested_options')
 
 
 def to_argparse(
@@ -152,7 +199,9 @@ def to_argparse(
         description=abstract_options.description,
         epilog=abstract_options.epilog,
     )
+    concrete_parser.spec = abstract_options
     concrete_parser.register('action', 'lazy_choices', LazyChoices)
+    concrete_parser.register('action', 'manual', Manual)
 
     for abstract_group in abstract_options.groups:
         concrete_group = concrete_parser.add_argument_group(
@@ -164,9 +213,9 @@ def to_argparse(
         for abstract_argument in abstract_group.arguments:
             concrete_group.add_argument(
                 *abstract_argument.aliases,
-                **map_qualifiers(
+                **drop_keys(map_qualifiers(
                     abstract_argument.configuration, ARGPARSE_QUALIFIER_MAP
-                )
+                ), ARGPARSE_IGNORE_KEYS)
             )
 
     return concrete_parser
@@ -181,9 +230,20 @@ JSON_DIRECT_MIRROR_OPTIONS = (
 JSON_QUALIFIER_TO_OPTIONS = {
     Qualifiers.OPTIONAL: {'is_optional': True},
     Qualifiers.ZERO_OR_MORE: {'is_optional': True, 'is_variadic': True},
+    Qualifiers.ONE_OR_MORE: {'is_optional': False, 'is_variadic': True},
     Qualifiers.SUPPRESS: {}
 }
 
 
 def to_data(abstract_options: ParserSpec) -> Dict[str, Any]:
     return {'version': PARSER_SPEC_VERSION, 'spec': abstract_options.serialize()}
+
+
+def parser_to_parser_spec(parser: argparse.ArgumentParser, **kwargs) -> ParserSpec:
+    """Take an existing argparse parser, and create a spec from it."""
+    return ParserSpec(
+        program=parser.prog,
+        description=parser.description,
+        epilog=parser.epilog,
+        **kwargs
+    )

httpie/cli/requestitems.py

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ from .dicts import (
 )
 from .exceptions import ParseError
 from .nested_json import interpret_nested_json
-from ..utils import get_content_type, load_json_preserve_order_and_dupe_keys, split
+from ..utils import get_content_type, load_json_preserve_order_and_dupe_keys, split_iterable
 
 
 class RequestItems:
@@ -78,25 +78,28 @@ class RequestItems:
                 instance.data,
             ),
             SEPARATOR_DATA_RAW_JSON: (
-                json_only(instance, process_data_raw_json_embed_arg),
+                convert_json_value_to_form_if_needed(
+                    in_json_mode=instance.is_json,
+                    processor=process_data_raw_json_embed_arg
+                ),
                 instance.data,
             ),
             SEPARATOR_DATA_EMBED_RAW_JSON_FILE: (
-                json_only(instance, process_data_embed_raw_json_file_arg),
+                convert_json_value_to_form_if_needed(
+                    in_json_mode=instance.is_json,
+                    processor=process_data_embed_raw_json_file_arg,
+                ),
                 instance.data,
             ),
         }
 
         if instance.is_json:
-            json_item_args, request_item_args = split(
+            json_item_args, request_item_args = split_iterable(
-                request_item_args,
+                iterable=request_item_args,
-                lambda arg: arg.sep in SEPARATOR_GROUP_NESTED_JSON_ITEMS
+                key=lambda arg: arg.sep in SEPARATOR_GROUP_NESTED_JSON_ITEMS
             )
             if json_item_args:
-                pairs = [
+                pairs = [(arg.key, rules[arg.sep][0](arg)) for arg in json_item_args]
-                    (arg.key, rules[arg.sep][0](arg))
-                    for arg in json_item_args
-                ]
                 processor_func, target_dict = rules[SEPARATOR_GROUP_NESTED_JSON_ITEMS]
                 value = processor_func(pairs)
                 target_dict.update(value)
@@ -159,6 +162,30 @@ def process_file_upload_arg(arg: KeyValueArg) -> Tuple[str, IO, str]:
     )
 
 
+def convert_json_value_to_form_if_needed(in_json_mode: bool, processor: Callable[[KeyValueArg], JSONType]) -> Callable[[], str]:
+    """
+    We allow primitive values to be passed to forms via JSON key/value syntax.
+
+    But complex values lead to an error because there’s no clear way to serialize them.
+
+    """
+    if in_json_mode:
+        return processor
+
+    @functools.wraps(processor)
+    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs) -> str:
+        try:
+            output = processor(*args, **kwargs)
+        except ParseError:
+            output = None
+        if isinstance(output, (str, int, float)):
+            return str(output)
+        else:
+            raise ParseError('Cannot use complex JSON value types with --form/--multipart.')
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
 def process_data_item_arg(arg: KeyValueArg) -> str:
     return arg.value
 
@@ -167,29 +194,6 @@ def process_data_embed_file_contents_arg(arg: KeyValueArg) -> str:
     return load_text_file(arg)
 
 
-def json_only(items: RequestItems, func: Callable[[KeyValueArg], JSONType]) -> str:
-    if items.is_json:
-        return func
-
-    @functools.wraps(func)
-    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs) -> str:
-        try:
-            ret = func(*args, **kwargs)
-        except ParseError:
-            ret = None
-
-        # If it is a basic type, then allow it
-        if isinstance(ret, (str, int, float)):
-            return str(ret)
-        else:
-            raise ParseError(
-                'Can\'t use complex JSON value types with '
-                '--form/--multipart.'
-            )
-
-    return wrapper
-
-
 def process_data_embed_raw_json_file_arg(arg: KeyValueArg) -> JSONType:
     contents = load_text_file(arg)
     value = load_json(arg, contents)

httpie/cli/utils.py

@@ -4,20 +4,43 @@ from typing import Any, Callable, Generic, Iterator, Iterable, Optional, TypeVar
 T = TypeVar('T')
 
 
+class Manual(argparse.Action):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        option_strings,
+        dest=argparse.SUPPRESS,
+        default=argparse.SUPPRESS,
+        help=None
+    ):
+        super().__init__(
+            option_strings=option_strings,
+            dest=dest,
+            default=default,
+            nargs=0,
+            help=help
+        )
+
+    def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):
+        parser.print_manual()
+        parser.exit()
+
+
 class LazyChoices(argparse.Action, Generic[T]):
     def __init__(
         self,
         *args,
         getter: Callable[[], Iterable[T]],
-        help_formatter: Optional[Callable[[T], str]] = None,
+        help_formatter: Optional[Callable[[T, bool], str]] = None,
         sort: bool = False,
         cache: bool = True,
+        isolation_mode: bool = False,
         **kwargs
     ) -> None:
         self.getter = getter
         self.help_formatter = help_formatter
         self.sort = sort
         self.cache = cache
+        self.isolation_mode = isolation_mode
         self._help: Optional[str] = None
         self._obj: Optional[Iterable[T]] = None
         super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
@@ -33,7 +56,10 @@ class LazyChoices(argparse.Action, Generic[T]):
     @property
     def help(self) -> str:
         if self._help is None and self.help_formatter is not None:
-            self._help = self.help_formatter(self.load())
+            self._help = self.help_formatter(
+                self.load(),
+                isolation_mode=self.isolation_mode
+            )
         return self._help
 
     @help.setter

httpie/client.py

@@ -10,11 +10,14 @@ from urllib.parse import urlparse, urlunparse
 import requests
 # noinspection PyPackageRequirements
 import urllib3
+from urllib3.util import SKIP_HEADER, SKIPPABLE_HEADERS
+
 from . import __version__
 from .adapters import HTTPieHTTPAdapter
+from .cli.constants import HTTP_OPTIONS
+from .cli.dicts import HTTPHeadersDict
+from .cli.nested_json import unwrap_top_level_list_if_needed
 from .context import Environment
-from .cli.constants import EMPTY_STRING
-from .cli.dicts import HTTPHeadersDict, NestedJSONArray
 from .encoding import UTF8
 from .models import RequestsMessage
 from .plugins.registry import plugin_manager
@@ -34,6 +37,8 @@ JSON_CONTENT_TYPE = 'application/json'
 JSON_ACCEPT = f'{JSON_CONTENT_TYPE}, */*;q=0.5'
 DEFAULT_UA = f'HTTPie/{__version__}'
 
+IGNORE_CONTENT_LENGTH_METHODS = frozenset([HTTP_OPTIONS])
+
 
 def collect_messages(
     env: Environment,
@@ -85,7 +90,7 @@ def collect_messages(
 
     request = requests.Request(**request_kwargs)
     prepared_request = requests_session.prepare_request(request)
-    apply_missing_repeated_headers(prepared_request, request.headers)
+    transform_headers(request, prepared_request)
     if args.path_as_is:
         prepared_request.url = ensure_path_as_is(
             orig_url=args.url,
@@ -138,7 +143,7 @@ def collect_messages(
 # noinspection PyProtectedMember
 @contextmanager
 def max_headers(limit):
-    # <https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/802>
+    # <https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/802>
     # noinspection PyUnresolvedReferences
     orig = http.client._MAXHEADERS
     http.client._MAXHEADERS = limit or float('Inf')
@@ -194,15 +199,40 @@ def finalize_headers(headers: HTTPHeadersDict) -> HTTPHeadersDict:
             # Also, requests raises `InvalidHeader` for leading spaces.
             value = value.strip()
             if isinstance(value, str):
-                # See <https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/212>
+                # See <https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/212>
                 value = value.encode()
+        elif name.lower() in SKIPPABLE_HEADERS:
+            # Some headers get overwritten by urllib3 when set to `None`
+            # and should be replaced with the `SKIP_HEADER` constant.
+            value = SKIP_HEADER
         final_headers.add(name, value)
     return final_headers
 
 
+def transform_headers(
+    request: requests.Request,
+    prepared_request: requests.PreparedRequest
+) -> None:
+    """Apply various transformations on top of the `prepared_requests`'s
+    headers to change the request prepreation behavior."""
+
+    # Remove 'Content-Length' when it is misplaced by requests.
+    if (
+        prepared_request.method in IGNORE_CONTENT_LENGTH_METHODS
+        and prepared_request.headers.get('Content-Length') == '0'
+        and request.headers.get('Content-Length') != '0'
+    ):
+        prepared_request.headers.pop('Content-Length')
+
+    apply_missing_repeated_headers(
+        request.headers,
+        prepared_request
+    )
+
+
 def apply_missing_repeated_headers(
-    prepared_request: requests.PreparedRequest,
+    original_headers: HTTPHeadersDict,
-    original_headers: HTTPHeadersDict
+    prepared_request: requests.PreparedRequest
 ) -> None:
     """Update the given `prepared_request`'s headers with the original
     ones. This allows the requests to be prepared as usual, and then later
@@ -282,21 +312,13 @@ def make_send_kwargs_mergeable_from_env(args: argparse.Namespace) -> dict:
 
 
 def json_dict_to_request_body(data: Dict[str, Any]) -> str:
-    # Propagate the top-level list if there is only one
+    data = unwrap_top_level_list_if_needed(data)
-    # item in the object, with an en empty key.
-    if len(data) == 1:
-        [(key, value)] = data.items()
-        if isinstance(value, NestedJSONArray):
-            assert key == EMPTY_STRING
-            data = value
-
     if data:
         data = json.dumps(data)
     else:
         # We need to set data to an empty string to prevent requests
         # from assigning an empty list to `response.request.data`.
         data = ''
-
     return data
 
 
@@ -359,7 +381,7 @@ def ensure_path_as_is(orig_url: str, prepped_url: str) -> str:
     untouched because other (welcome) processing on the URL might have
     taken place.
 
-    <https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/895>
+    <https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/895>
 
 
     <https://ec.haxx.se/http/http-basics#path-as-is>

httpie/compat.py

@@ -1,9 +1,21 @@
 import sys
+from ssl import SSLContext
 from typing import Any, Optional, Iterable
 
+from httpie.cookies import HTTPieCookiePolicy
+from http import cookiejar  # noqa
+
+
+# Request does not carry the original policy attached to the
+# cookie jar, so until it is resolved we change the global cookie
+# policy. <https://github.com/psf/requests/issues/5449>
+cookiejar.DefaultCookiePolicy = HTTPieCookiePolicy
 
 is_windows = 'win32' in str(sys.platform).lower()
+is_frozen = getattr(sys, 'frozen', False)
 
+MIN_SUPPORTED_PY_VERSION = (3, 7)
+MAX_SUPPORTED_PY_VERSION = (3, 11)
 
 try:
     from functools import cached_property
@@ -54,7 +66,6 @@ except ImportError:
             res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)
             return res
 
-
 # importlib_metadata was a provisional module, so the APIs changed quite a few times
 # between 3.8-3.10. It was also not included in the standard library until 3.8, so
 # we install the backport for <3.8.
@@ -88,3 +99,15 @@ def get_dist_name(entry_point: importlib_metadata.EntryPoint) -> Optional[str]:
         return None
     else:
         return metadata.get('name')
+
+
+def ensure_default_certs_loaded(ssl_context: SSLContext) -> None:
+    """
+    Workaround for a bug in Requests 2.32.3
+
+    See <https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/1583>
+
+    """
+    if hasattr(ssl_context, 'load_default_certs'):
+        if not ssl_context.get_ca_certs():
+            ssl_context.load_default_certs()

httpie/config.py

@@ -149,6 +149,24 @@ class Config(BaseConfigDict):
     def default_options(self) -> list:
         return self['default_options']
 
+    def _configured_path(self, config_option: str, default: str) -> None:
+        return Path(
+            self.get(config_option, self.directory / default)
+        ).expanduser().resolve()
+
     @property
     def plugins_dir(self) -> Path:
-        return Path(self.get('plugins_dir', self.directory / 'plugins')).resolve()
+        return self._configured_path('plugins_dir', 'plugins')
+
+    @property
+    def version_info_file(self) -> Path:
+        return self._configured_path('version_info_file', 'version_info.json')
+
+    @property
+    def developer_mode(self) -> bool:
+        """This is a special setting for the development environment. It is
+        different from the --debug mode in the terms that it might change
+        the behavior for certain parameters (e.g updater system) that
+        we usually ignore."""
+
+        return self.get('developer_mode')

httpie/context.py

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
+import argparse
 import sys
 import os
 import warnings
 from contextlib import contextmanager
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Iterator, IO, Optional
+from typing import Iterator, IO, Optional, TYPE_CHECKING
 from enum import Enum
 
 
@@ -12,21 +13,33 @@ try:
 except ImportError:
     curses = None  # Compiled w/o curses
 
-from .compat import is_windows
+from .compat import is_windows, cached_property
 from .config import DEFAULT_CONFIG_DIR, Config, ConfigFileError
 from .encoding import UTF8
 
 from .utils import repr_dict
+from .output.ui.palette import GenericColor
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from rich.console import Console
 
 
-class Levels(str, Enum):
+class LogLevel(str, Enum):
+    INFO = 'info'
     WARNING = 'warning'
     ERROR = 'error'
 
 
-DISPLAY_THRESHOLDS = {
+LOG_LEVEL_COLORS = {
-    Levels.WARNING: 2,
+    LogLevel.INFO: GenericColor.PINK,
-    Levels.ERROR: float('inf'),  # Never hide errors.
+    LogLevel.WARNING: GenericColor.ORANGE,
+    LogLevel.ERROR: GenericColor.RED,
+}
+
+LOG_LEVEL_DISPLAY_THRESHOLDS = {
+    LogLevel.INFO: 1,
+    LogLevel.WARNING: 2,
+    LogLevel.ERROR: float('inf'),  # Never hide errors.
 }
 
 
@@ -40,6 +53,7 @@ class Environment:
     is used by the test suite to simulate various scenarios.
 
     """
+    args = argparse.Namespace()
     is_windows: bool = is_windows
     config_dir: Path = DEFAULT_CONFIG_DIR
     stdin: Optional[IO] = sys.stdin  # `None` when closed fd (#791)
@@ -52,6 +66,10 @@ class Environment:
     stderr_isatty: bool = stderr.isatty()
     colors = 256
     program_name: str = 'http'
+
+    # Whether to show progress bars / status spinners etc.
+    show_displays: bool = True
+
     if not is_windows:
         if curses:
             try:
@@ -127,7 +145,7 @@ class Environment:
                 try:
                     config.load()
                 except ConfigFileError as e:
-                    self.log_error(e, level='warning')
+                    self.log_error(e, level=LogLevel.WARNING)
         return config
 
     @property
@@ -149,14 +167,51 @@ class Environment:
             self.stdout = original_stdout
             self.stderr = original_stderr
 
-    def log_error(self, msg: str, level: Levels = Levels.ERROR) -> None:
+    def log_error(self, msg: str, level: LogLevel = LogLevel.ERROR) -> None:
-        if self.stdout_isatty and self.quiet >= DISPLAY_THRESHOLDS[level]:
+        if self.stdout_isatty and self.quiet >= LOG_LEVEL_DISPLAY_THRESHOLDS[level]:
             stderr = self.stderr  # Not directly /dev/null, since stderr might be mocked
         else:
             stderr = self._orig_stderr
-
+        rich_console = self._make_rich_console(file=stderr, force_terminal=stderr.isatty())
-        stderr.write(f'\n{self.program_name}: {level}: {msg}\n\n')
+        rich_console.print(
+            f'\n{self.program_name}: {level.value}: {msg}\n\n',
+            style=LOG_LEVEL_COLORS[level],
+            markup=False,
+            highlight=False,
+            soft_wrap=True
+        )
 
     def apply_warnings_filter(self) -> None:
-        if self.quiet >= DISPLAY_THRESHOLDS[Levels.WARNING]:
+        if self.quiet >= LOG_LEVEL_DISPLAY_THRESHOLDS[LogLevel.WARNING]:
             warnings.simplefilter("ignore")
+
+    def _make_rich_console(
+        self,
+        file: IO[str],
+        force_terminal: bool
+    ) -> 'Console':
+        from rich.console import Console
+        from httpie.output.ui.rich_palette import _make_rich_color_theme
+
+        style = getattr(self.args, 'style', None)
+        theme = _make_rich_color_theme(style)
+        # Rich infers the rest of the knowledge (e.g encoding)
+        # dynamically by looking at the file/stderr.
+        return Console(
+            file=file,
+            force_terminal=force_terminal,
+            no_color=(self.colors == 0),
+            theme=theme
+        )
+
+    # Rich recommends separating the actual console (stdout) from
+    # the error (stderr) console for better isolation between parts.
+    # https://rich.readthedocs.io/en/stable/console.html#error-console
+
+    @cached_property
+    def rich_console(self):
+        return self._make_rich_console(self.stdout, self.stdout_isatty)
+
+    @cached_property
+    def rich_error_console(self):
+        return self._make_rich_console(self.stderr, self.stderr_isatty)

httpie/cookies.py

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+from http import cookiejar
+
+
+_LOCALHOST = 'localhost'
+_LOCALHOST_SUFFIX = '.localhost'
+
+
+class HTTPieCookiePolicy(cookiejar.DefaultCookiePolicy):
+    def return_ok_secure(self, cookie, request):
+        """Check whether the given cookie is sent to a secure host."""
+
+        is_secure_protocol = super().return_ok_secure(cookie, request)
+        if is_secure_protocol:
+            return True
+
+        # The original implementation of this method only takes secure protocols
+        # (e.g., https) into account, but the latest developments in modern browsers
+        # (chrome, firefox) assume 'localhost' is also a secure location. So we
+        # override it with our own strategy.
+        return self._is_local_host(cookiejar.request_host(request))
+
+    def _is_local_host(self, hostname):
+        # Implements the static localhost detection algorithm in firefox.
+        # <https://searchfox.org/mozilla-central/rev/d4d7611ee4dd0003b492b865bc5988a4e6afc985/netwerk/dns/DNS.cpp#205-218>
+        return hostname == _LOCALHOST or hostname.endswith(_LOCALHOST_SUFFIX)

httpie/core.py

@@ -11,9 +11,9 @@ from requests import __version__ as requests_version
 
 from . import __version__ as httpie_version
 from .cli.constants import OUT_REQ_BODY
-from .cli.nested_json import HTTPieSyntaxError
+from .cli.nested_json import NestedJSONSyntaxError
 from .client import collect_messages
-from .context import Environment, Levels
+from .context import Environment, LogLevel
 from .downloads import Downloader
 from .models import (
     RequestsMessageKind,
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ from .output.writer import write_message, write_stream, write_raw_data, MESSAGE_
 from .plugins.registry import plugin_manager
 from .status import ExitStatus, http_status_to_exit_status
 from .utils import unwrap_context
+from .internal.update_warnings import check_updates
+from .internal.daemon_runner import is_daemon_mode, run_daemon_task
 
 
 # noinspection PyDefaultArgument
@@ -37,6 +39,10 @@ def raw_main(
     program_name, *args = args
     env.program_name = os.path.basename(program_name)
     args = decode_raw_args(args, env.stdin_encoding)
+
+    if is_daemon_mode(args):
+        return run_daemon_task(env, args)
+
     plugin_manager.load_installed_plugins(env.config.plugins_dir)
 
     if use_default_options and env.config.default_options:
@@ -72,7 +78,7 @@ def raw_main(
             args=args,
             env=env,
         )
-    except HTTPieSyntaxError as exc:
+    except NestedJSONSyntaxError as exc:
         env.stderr.write(str(exc) + "\n")
         if include_traceback:
             raise
@@ -89,6 +95,7 @@ def raw_main(
                 raise
             exit_status = ExitStatus.ERROR
     else:
+        check_updates(env)
         try:
             exit_status = main_program(
                 args=parsed_args,
@@ -195,7 +202,7 @@ def program(args: argparse.Namespace, env: Environment) -> ExitStatus:
     try:
         if args.download:
             args.follow = True  # --download implies --follow.
-            downloader = Downloader(output_file=args.output_file, progress_file=env.stderr, resume=args.download_resume)
+            downloader = Downloader(env, output_file=args.output_file, resume=args.download_resume)
             downloader.pre_request(args.headers)
         messages = collect_messages(env, args=args,
                                     request_body_read_callback=request_body_read_callback)
@@ -223,7 +230,7 @@ def program(args: argparse.Namespace, env: Environment) -> ExitStatus:
                 if args.check_status or downloader:
                     exit_status = http_status_to_exit_status(http_status=message.status_code, follow=args.follow)
                     if exit_status != ExitStatus.SUCCESS and (not env.stdout_isatty or args.quiet == 1):
-                        env.log_error(f'HTTP {message.raw.status} {message.raw.reason}', level=Levels.WARNING)
+                        env.log_error(f'HTTP {message.raw.status} {message.raw.reason}', level=LogLevel.WARNING)
             write_message(
                 requests_message=message,
                 env=env,

httpie/downloads.py

@@ -5,10 +5,8 @@ Download mode implementation.
 import mimetypes
 import os
 import re
-import sys
-import threading
 from mailbox import Message
-from time import sleep, monotonic
+from time import monotonic
 from typing import IO, Optional, Tuple
 from urllib.parse import urlsplit
 
@@ -16,22 +14,11 @@ import requests
 
 from .models import HTTPResponse, OutputOptions
 from .output.streams import RawStream
-from .utils import humanize_bytes
+from .context import Environment
 
 
 PARTIAL_CONTENT = 206
 
-CLEAR_LINE = '\r\033[K'
-PROGRESS = (
-    '{percentage: 6.2f} %'
-    ' {downloaded: >10}'
-    ' {speed: >10}/s'
-    ' {eta: >8} ETA'
-)
-PROGRESS_NO_CONTENT_LENGTH = '{downloaded: >10} {speed: >10}/s'
-SUMMARY = 'Done. {downloaded} in {time:0.5f}s ({speed}/s)\n'
-SPINNER = '|/-\\'
-
 
 class ContentRangeError(ValueError):
     pass
@@ -176,9 +163,9 @@ class Downloader:
 
     def __init__(
         self,
+        env: Environment,
         output_file: IO = None,
-        resume: bool = False,
+        resume: bool = False
-        progress_file: IO = sys.stderr
     ):
         """
         :param resume: Should the download resume if partial download
@@ -191,14 +178,10 @@ class Downloader:
 
         """
         self.finished = False
-        self.status = DownloadStatus()
+        self.status = DownloadStatus(env=env)
         self._output_file = output_file
         self._resume = resume
         self._resumed_from = 0
-        self._progress_reporter = ProgressReporterThread(
-            status=self.status,
-            output=progress_file
-        )
 
     def pre_request(self, request_headers: dict):
         """Called just before the HTTP request is sent.
@@ -234,7 +217,7 @@ class Downloader:
         assert not self.status.time_started
 
         # FIXME: some servers still might sent Content-Encoding: gzip
-        # <https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/423>
+        # <https://github.com/httpie/cli/issues/423>
         try:
             total_size = int(final_response.headers['Content-Length'])
         except (KeyError, ValueError, TypeError):
@@ -261,11 +244,6 @@ class Downloader:
                 except OSError:
                     pass  # stdout
 
-        self.status.started(
-            resumed_from=self._resumed_from,
-            total_size=total_size
-        )
-
         output_options = OutputOptions.from_message(final_response, headers=False, body=True)
         stream = RawStream(
             msg=HTTPResponse(final_response),
@@ -273,11 +251,11 @@ class Downloader:
             on_body_chunk_downloaded=self.chunk_downloaded,
         )
 
-        self._progress_reporter.output.write(
+        self.status.started(
-            f'Downloading {humanize_bytes(total_size) + " " if total_size is not None else ""}'
+            output_file=self._output_file,
-            f'to "{self._output_file.name}"\n'
+            resumed_from=self._resumed_from,
+            total_size=total_size
         )
-        self._progress_reporter.start()
 
         return stream, self._output_file
 
@@ -287,7 +265,7 @@ class Downloader:
         self.status.finished()
 
     def failed(self):
-        self._progress_reporter.stop()
+        self.status.terminate()
 
     @property
     def interrupted(self) -> bool:
@@ -329,127 +307,71 @@ class Downloader:
 class DownloadStatus:
     """Holds details about the download status."""
 
-    def __init__(self):
+    def __init__(self, env):
+        self.env = env
         self.downloaded = 0
         self.total_size = None
         self.resumed_from = 0
         self.time_started = None
         self.time_finished = None
 
-    def started(self, resumed_from=0, total_size=None):
+    def started(self, output_file, resumed_from=0, total_size=None):
         assert self.time_started is None
         self.total_size = total_size
         self.downloaded = self.resumed_from = resumed_from
         self.time_started = monotonic()
+        self.start_display(output_file=output_file)
+
+    def start_display(self, output_file):
+        from httpie.output.ui.rich_progress import (
+            DummyDisplay,
+            StatusDisplay,
+            ProgressDisplay
+        )
+
+        message = f'Downloading to {output_file.name}'
+        if self.env.show_displays:
+            if self.total_size is None:
+                # Rich does not support progress bars without a total
+                # size given. Instead we use status objects.
+                self.display = StatusDisplay(self.env)
+            else:
+                self.display = ProgressDisplay(self.env)
+        else:
+            self.display = DummyDisplay(self.env)
+
+        self.display.start(
+            total=self.total_size,
+            at=self.downloaded,
+            description=message
+        )
 
     def chunk_downloaded(self, size):
         assert self.time_finished is None
         self.downloaded += size
+        self.display.update(size)
 
     @property
     def has_finished(self):
         return self.time_finished is not None
 
+    @property
+    def time_spent(self):
+        if (
+            self.time_started is not None
+            and self.time_finished is not None
+        ):
+            return self.time_finished - self.time_started
+        else:
+            return None
+
     def finished(self):
         assert self.time_started is not None
         assert self.time_finished is None
         self.time_finished = monotonic()
+        if hasattr(self, 'display'):
+            self.display.stop(self.time_spent)
 
-
+    def terminate(self):
-class ProgressReporterThread(threading.Thread):
+        if hasattr(self, 'display'):
-    """
+            self.display.stop(self.time_spent)
-    Reports download progress based on its status.
-
-    Uses threading to periodically update the status (speed, ETA, etc.).
-
-    """
-
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        status: DownloadStatus,
-        output: IO,
-        tick=.1,
-        update_interval=1
-    ):
-        super().__init__()
-        self.status = status
-        self.output = output
-        self._tick = tick
-        self._update_interval = update_interval
-        self._spinner_pos = 0
-        self._status_line = ''
-        self._prev_bytes = 0
-        self._prev_time = monotonic()
-        self._should_stop = threading.Event()
-
-    def stop(self):
-        """Stop reporting on next tick."""
-        self._should_stop.set()
-
-    def run(self):
-        while not self._should_stop.is_set():
-            if self.status.has_finished:
-                self.sum_up()
-                break
-
-            self.report_speed()
-            sleep(self._tick)
-
-    def report_speed(self):
-        now = monotonic()
-        if now - self._prev_time >= self._update_interval:
-            downloaded = self.status.downloaded
-            speed = ((downloaded - self._prev_bytes)
-                     / (now - self._prev_time))
-
-            if not self.status.total_size:
-                self._status_line = PROGRESS_NO_CONTENT_LENGTH.format(
-                    downloaded=humanize_bytes(downloaded),
-                    speed=humanize_bytes(speed),
-                )
-            else:
-                percentage = (downloaded / self.status.total_size * 100
-                              if self.status.total_size
-                              else 0)
-
-                if not speed:
-                    eta = '-:--:--'
-                else:
-                    s = int((self.status.total_size - downloaded) / speed)
-                    h, s = divmod(s, 60 * 60)
-                    m, s = divmod(s, 60)
-                    eta = f'{h}:{m:0>2}:{s:0>2}'
-
-                self._status_line = PROGRESS.format(
-                    percentage=percentage,
-                    downloaded=humanize_bytes(downloaded),
-                    speed=humanize_bytes(speed),
-                    eta=eta,
-                )
-
-            self._prev_time = now
-            self._prev_bytes = downloaded
-
-        self.output.write(
-            f'{CLEAR_LINE} {SPINNER[self._spinner_pos]} {self._status_line}'
-        )
-        self.output.flush()
-
-        self._spinner_pos = (self._spinner_pos + 1) % len(SPINNER)
-
-    def sum_up(self):
-        actually_downloaded = (
-            self.status.downloaded - self.status.resumed_from)
-        time_taken = self.status.time_finished - self.status.time_started
-        speed = actually_downloaded / time_taken if time_taken else actually_downloaded
-
-        self.output.write(CLEAR_LINE)
-
-        self.output.write(SUMMARY.format(
-            downloaded=humanize_bytes(actually_downloaded),
-            total=(self.status.total_size
-                   and humanize_bytes(self.status.total_size)),
-            speed=humanize_bytes(speed),
-            time=time_taken,
-        ))
-        self.output.flush()

httpie/internal/__build_channel__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Represents the packaging method. This file should
+# be overridden by every build system we support on
+# the packaging step.
+
+BUILD_CHANNEL = 'unknown'

httpie/internal/daemon_runner.py

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+import argparse
+from contextlib import redirect_stderr, redirect_stdout
+from typing import List
+
+from httpie.context import Environment
+from httpie.internal.update_warnings import _fetch_updates, _get_suppress_context
+from httpie.status import ExitStatus
+
+STATUS_FILE = '.httpie-test-daemon-status'
+
+
+def _check_status(env):
+    # This function is used only for the testing (test_update_warnings).
+    # Since we don't want to trigger the fetch_updates (which would interact
+    # with real world resources), we'll only trigger this pseudo task
+    # and check whether the STATUS_FILE is created or not.
+    import tempfile
+    from pathlib import Path
+
+    status_file = Path(tempfile.gettempdir()) / STATUS_FILE
+    status_file.touch()
+
+
+DAEMONIZED_TASKS = {
+    'check_status': _check_status,
+    'fetch_updates': _fetch_updates,
+}
+
+
+def _parse_options(args: List[str]) -> argparse.Namespace:
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+    parser.add_argument('task_id')
+    parser.add_argument('--daemon', action='store_true')
+    return parser.parse_known_args(args)[0]
+
+
+def is_daemon_mode(args: List[str]) -> bool:
+    return '--daemon' in args
+
+
+def run_daemon_task(env: Environment, args: List[str]) -> ExitStatus:
+    options = _parse_options(args)
+
+    assert options.daemon
+    assert options.task_id in DAEMONIZED_TASKS
+    with redirect_stdout(env.devnull), redirect_stderr(env.devnull):
+        with _get_suppress_context(env):
+            DAEMONIZED_TASKS[options.task_id](env)
+
+    return ExitStatus.SUCCESS

httpie/internal/daemons.py

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+"""
+This module provides an interface to spawn a detached task to be
+run with httpie.internal.daemon_runner on a separate process. It is
+based on DVC's daemon system.
+https://github.com/iterative/dvc/blob/main/dvc/daemon.py
+"""
+
+import inspect
+import os
+import platform
+import sys
+import httpie.__main__
+from contextlib import suppress
+from subprocess import Popen, DEVNULL
+from typing import Dict, List
+from httpie.compat import is_frozen, is_windows
+
+
+ProcessContext = Dict[str, str]
+
+
+def _start_process(cmd: List[str], **kwargs) -> Popen:
+    prefix = [sys.executable]
+    # If it is frozen, sys.executable points to the binary (http).
+    # Otherwise it points to the python interpreter.
+    if not is_frozen:
+        main_entrypoint = httpie.__main__.__file__
+        prefix += [main_entrypoint]
+    return Popen(prefix + cmd, close_fds=True, shell=False, stdout=DEVNULL, stderr=DEVNULL, **kwargs)
+
+
+def _spawn_windows(cmd: List[str], process_context: ProcessContext) -> None:
+    from subprocess import (
+        CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP,
+        CREATE_NO_WINDOW,
+        STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW,
+        STARTUPINFO,
+    )
+
+    # https://stackoverflow.com/a/7006424
+    # https://bugs.python.org/issue41619
+    creationflags = CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP | CREATE_NO_WINDOW
+
+    startupinfo = STARTUPINFO()
+    startupinfo.dwFlags |= STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW
+
+    _start_process(
+        cmd,
+        env=process_context,
+        creationflags=creationflags,
+        startupinfo=startupinfo,
+    )
+
+
+def _spawn_posix(args: List[str], process_context: ProcessContext) -> None:
+    """
+    Perform a double fork procedure* to detach from the parent
+    process so that we don't block the user even if their original
+    command's execution is done but the release fetcher is not.
+
+    [1]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/basedefs/V1_chap11.html#tag_11_01_03
+    """
+
+    from httpie.core import main
+
+    try:
+        pid = os.fork()
+        if pid > 0:
+            return
+    except OSError:
+        os._exit(1)
+
+    os.setsid()
+
+    try:
+        pid = os.fork()
+        if pid > 0:
+            os._exit(0)
+    except OSError:
+        os._exit(1)
+
+    # Close all standard inputs/outputs
+    sys.stdin.close()
+    sys.stdout.close()
+    sys.stderr.close()
+
+    if platform.system() == 'Darwin':
+        # Double-fork is not reliable on MacOS, so we'll use a subprocess
+        # to ensure the task is isolated properly.
+        process = _start_process(args, env=process_context)
+        # Unlike windows, since we already completed the fork procedure
+        # we can simply join the process and wait for it.
+        process.communicate()
+    else:
+        os.environ.update(process_context)
+        with suppress(BaseException):
+            main(['http'] + args)
+
+    os._exit(0)
+
+
+def _spawn(args: List[str], process_context: ProcessContext) -> None:
+    """
+    Spawn a new process to run the given command.
+    """
+    if is_windows:
+        _spawn_windows(args, process_context)
+    else:
+        _spawn_posix(args, process_context)
+
+
+def spawn_daemon(task: str) -> None:
+    args = [task, '--daemon']
+    process_context = os.environ.copy()
+    if not is_frozen:
+        file_path = os.path.abspath(inspect.stack()[0][1])
+        process_context['PYTHONPATH'] = os.path.dirname(
+            os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(file_path))
+        )
+
+    _spawn(args, process_context)

httpie/internal/update_warnings.py

@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+import json
+from contextlib import nullcontext, suppress
+from datetime import datetime, timedelta
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any, Optional, Callable
+
+import requests
+
+import httpie
+from httpie.context import Environment, LogLevel
+from httpie.internal.__build_channel__ import BUILD_CHANNEL
+from httpie.internal.daemons import spawn_daemon
+from httpie.utils import is_version_greater, open_with_lockfile
+
+# Automatically updated package version index.
+PACKAGE_INDEX_LINK = 'https://packages.httpie.io/latest.json'
+
+FETCH_INTERVAL = timedelta(weeks=2)
+WARN_INTERVAL = timedelta(weeks=1)
+
+UPDATE_MESSAGE_FORMAT = """\
+A new HTTPie release ({last_released_version}) is available.
+To see how you can update, please visit https://httpie.io/docs/cli/{installation_method}
+"""
+
+ALREADY_UP_TO_DATE_MESSAGE = """\
+You are already up-to-date.
+"""
+
+
+def _read_data_error_free(file: Path) -> Any:
+    # If the file is broken / non-existent, ignore it.
+    try:
+        with open(file) as stream:
+            return json.load(stream)
+    except (ValueError, OSError):
+        return {}
+
+
+def _fetch_updates(env: Environment) -> str:
+    file = env.config.version_info_file
+    data = _read_data_error_free(file)
+
+    response = requests.get(PACKAGE_INDEX_LINK, verify=False)
+    response.raise_for_status()
+
+    data.setdefault('last_warned_date', None)
+    data['last_fetched_date'] = datetime.now().isoformat()
+    data['last_released_versions'] = response.json()
+
+    with open_with_lockfile(file, 'w') as stream:
+        json.dump(data, stream)
+
+
+def fetch_updates(env: Environment, lazy: bool = True):
+    if lazy:
+        spawn_daemon('fetch_updates')
+    else:
+        _fetch_updates(env)
+
+
+def maybe_fetch_updates(env: Environment) -> None:
+    if env.config.get('disable_update_warnings'):
+        return None
+
+    data = _read_data_error_free(env.config.version_info_file)
+
+    if data:
+        current_date = datetime.now()
+        last_fetched_date = datetime.fromisoformat(data['last_fetched_date'])
+        earliest_fetch_date = last_fetched_date + FETCH_INTERVAL
+        if current_date < earliest_fetch_date:
+            return None
+
+    fetch_updates(env)
+
+
+def _get_suppress_context(env: Environment) -> Any:
+    """Return a context manager that suppress
+    all possible errors.
+
+    Note: if you have set the developer_mode=True in
+    your config, then it will show all errors for easier
+    debugging."""
+    if env.config.developer_mode:
+        return nullcontext()
+    else:
+        return suppress(BaseException)
+
+
+def _update_checker(
+    func: Callable[[Environment], None]
+) -> Callable[[Environment], None]:
+    """Control the execution of the update checker (suppress errors, trigger
+    auto updates etc.)"""
+
+    def wrapper(env: Environment) -> None:
+        with _get_suppress_context(env):
+            func(env)
+
+        with _get_suppress_context(env):
+            maybe_fetch_updates(env)
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+def _get_update_status(env: Environment) -> Optional[str]:
+    """If there is a new update available, return the warning text.
+    Otherwise just return None."""
+    file = env.config.version_info_file
+    if not file.exists():
+        return None
+
+    with _get_suppress_context(env):
+        # If the user quickly spawns multiple httpie processes
+        # we don't want to end in a race.
+        with open_with_lockfile(file) as stream:
+            version_info = json.load(stream)
+
+        available_channels = version_info['last_released_versions']
+        if BUILD_CHANNEL not in available_channels:
+            return None
+
+        current_version = httpie.__version__
+        last_released_version = available_channels[BUILD_CHANNEL]
+        if not is_version_greater(last_released_version, current_version):
+            return None
+
+        text = UPDATE_MESSAGE_FORMAT.format(
+            last_released_version=last_released_version,
+            installation_method=BUILD_CHANNEL,
+        )
+        return text
+
+
+def get_update_status(env: Environment) -> str:
+    return _get_update_status(env) or ALREADY_UP_TO_DATE_MESSAGE
+
+
+@_update_checker
+def check_updates(env: Environment) -> None:
+    if env.config.get('disable_update_warnings'):
+        return None
+
+    file = env.config.version_info_file
+    update_status = _get_update_status(env)
+
+    if not update_status:
+        return None
+
+    # If the user quickly spawns multiple httpie processes
+    # we don't want to end in a race.
+    with open_with_lockfile(file) as stream:
+        version_info = json.load(stream)
+
+    # We don't want to spam the user with too many warnings,
+    # so we'll only warn every once a while (WARN_INTERNAL).
+    current_date = datetime.now()
+    last_warned_date = version_info['last_warned_date']
+    if last_warned_date is not None:
+        earliest_warn_date = (
+            datetime.fromisoformat(last_warned_date) + WARN_INTERVAL
+        )
+        if current_date < earliest_warn_date:
+            return None
+
+    env.log_error(update_status, level=LogLevel.INFO)
+    version_info['last_warned_date'] = current_date.isoformat()
+
+    with open_with_lockfile(file, 'w') as stream:
+        json.dump(version_info, stream)

httpie/legacy/v3_1_0_session_cookie_format.py

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ from typing import Any, Type, List, Dict, TYPE_CHECKING
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from httpie.sessions import Session
 
+
 INSECURE_COOKIE_JAR_WARNING = '''\
 Outdated layout detected for the current session. Please consider updating it,
 in order to not get affected by potential security problems.
@@ -53,16 +54,12 @@ def pre_process(session: 'Session', cookies: Any) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
         for cookie in normalized_cookies
     )
 
-    if should_issue_warning and not session.refactor_mode:
+    if should_issue_warning:
         warning = INSECURE_COOKIE_JAR_WARNING.format(hostname=session.bound_host, session_id=session.session_id)
         if not session.is_anonymous:
             warning += INSECURE_COOKIE_JAR_WARNING_FOR_NAMED_SESSIONS
         warning += INSECURE_COOKIE_SECURITY_LINK
-
+        session.warn_legacy_usage(warning)
-        session.env.log_error(
-            warning,
-            level='warning'
-        )
 
     return normalized_cookies
 

httpie/legacy/v3_2_0_session_header_format.py

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+from typing import Any, Type, List, Dict, TYPE_CHECKING
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from httpie.sessions import Session
+
+
+OLD_HEADER_STORE_WARNING = '''\
+Outdated layout detected for the current session. Please consider updating it,
+in order to use the latest features regarding the header layout.
+
+For fixing the current session:
+
+    $ httpie cli sessions upgrade {hostname} {session_id}
+'''
+
+OLD_HEADER_STORE_WARNING_FOR_NAMED_SESSIONS = '''\
+
+For fixing all named sessions:
+
+    $ httpie cli sessions upgrade-all
+'''
+
+OLD_HEADER_STORE_LINK = '\nSee $INSERT_LINK for more information.'
+
+
+def pre_process(session: 'Session', headers: Any) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+    """Serialize the headers into a unified form and issue a warning if
+    the session file is using the old layout."""
+
+    is_old_style = isinstance(headers, dict)
+    if is_old_style:
+        normalized_headers = list(headers.items())
+    else:
+        normalized_headers = [
+            (item['name'], item['value'])
+            for item in headers
+        ]
+
+    if is_old_style:
+        warning = OLD_HEADER_STORE_WARNING.format(hostname=session.bound_host, session_id=session.session_id)
+        if not session.is_anonymous:
+            warning += OLD_HEADER_STORE_WARNING_FOR_NAMED_SESSIONS
+        warning += OLD_HEADER_STORE_LINK
+        session.warn_legacy_usage(warning)
+
+    return normalized_headers
+
+
+def post_process(
+    normalized_headers: List[Dict[str, Any]],
+    *,
+    original_type: Type[Any]
+) -> Any:
+    """Deserialize given header store into the original form it was
+    used in."""
+
+    if issubclass(original_type, dict):
+        # For the legacy behavior, preserve the last value.
+        return {
+            item['name']: item['value']
+            for item in normalized_headers
+        }
+    else:
+        return normalized_headers
+
+
+def fix_layout(session: 'Session', *args, **kwargs) -> None:
+    from httpie.sessions import materialize_headers
+
+    if not isinstance(session['headers'], dict):
+        return None
+
+    session['headers'] = materialize_headers(session['headers'])

httpie/manager/__main__.py

@@ -52,7 +52,6 @@ def program():
     try:
         exit_status = main()
     except KeyboardInterrupt:
-        from httpie.status import ExitStatus
         exit_status = ExitStatus.ERROR_CTRL_C
 
     return exit_status

httpie/manager/cli.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 from textwrap import dedent
 from httpie.cli.argparser import HTTPieManagerArgumentParser
+from httpie.cli.options import Qualifiers, ARGPARSE_QUALIFIER_MAP, map_qualifiers, parser_to_parser_spec
 from httpie import __version__
 
 CLI_SESSION_UPGRADE_FLAGS = [
@@ -12,37 +13,6 @@ CLI_SESSION_UPGRADE_FLAGS = [
 ]
 
 COMMANDS = {
-    'plugins': {
-        'help': 'Manage HTTPie plugins.',
-        'install': [
-            'Install the given targets from PyPI '
-            'or from a local paths.',
-            {
-                'dest': 'targets',
-                'nargs': '+',
-                'help': 'targets to install'
-            }
-        ],
-        'upgrade': [
-            'Upgrade the given plugins',
-            {
-                'dest': 'targets',
-                'nargs': '+',
-                'help': 'targets to upgrade'
-            }
-        ],
-        'uninstall': [
-            'Uninstall the given HTTPie plugins.',
-            {
-                'dest': 'targets',
-                'nargs': '+',
-                'help': 'targets to install'
-            }
-        ],
-        'list': [
-            'List all installed HTTPie plugins.'
-        ],
-    },
     'cli': {
         'help': 'Manage HTTPie for Terminal',
         'export-args': [
@@ -50,9 +20,13 @@ COMMANDS = {
             {
                 'flags': ['-f', '--format'],
                 'choices': ['json'],
+                'help': 'Format to export in.',
                 'default': 'json'
             }
         ],
+        'check-updates': [
+            'Check for updates'
+        ],
         'sessions': {
             'help': 'Manage HTTPie sessions',
             'upgrade': [
@@ -82,6 +56,42 @@ COMMANDS = {
 }
 
 
+COMMANDS['plugins'] = COMMANDS['cli']['plugins'] = {
+    'help': 'Manage HTTPie plugins.',
+    'install': [
+        'Install the given targets from PyPI '
+        'or from a local paths.',
+        {
+            'dest': 'targets',
+            'metavar': 'TARGET',
+            'nargs': Qualifiers.ONE_OR_MORE,
+            'help': 'targets to install'
+        }
+    ],
+    'upgrade': [
+        'Upgrade the given plugins',
+        {
+            'dest': 'targets',
+            'metavar': 'TARGET',
+            'nargs': Qualifiers.ONE_OR_MORE,
+            'help': 'targets to upgrade'
+        }
+    ],
+    'uninstall': [
+        'Uninstall the given HTTPie plugins.',
+        {
+            'dest': 'targets',
+            'metavar': 'TARGET',
+            'nargs': Qualifiers.ONE_OR_MORE,
+            'help': 'targets to install'
+        }
+    ],
+    'list': [
+        'List all installed HTTPie plugins.'
+    ],
+}
+
+
 def missing_subcommand(*args) -> str:
     base = COMMANDS
     for arg in args:
@@ -92,7 +102,7 @@ def missing_subcommand(*args) -> str:
     return f'Please specify one of these: {subcommands}'
 
 
-def generate_subparsers(root, parent_parser, definitions):
+def generate_subparsers(root, parent_parser, definitions, spec):
     action_dest = '_'.join(parent_parser.prog.split()[1:] + ['action'])
     actions = parent_parser.add_subparsers(
         dest=action_dest
@@ -105,13 +115,15 @@ def generate_subparsers(root, parent_parser, definitions):
         command_parser = actions.add_parser(command, description=descr)
         command_parser.root = root
         if is_subparser:
-            generate_subparsers(root, command_parser, properties)
+            generate_subparsers(root, command_parser, properties, spec)
             continue
 
+        group = spec.add_group(parent_parser.prog + ' ' + command, description=descr)
         for argument in properties:
             argument = argument.copy()
             flags = argument.pop('flags', [])
-            command_parser.add_argument(*flags, **argument)
+            command_parser.add_argument(*flags, **map_qualifiers(argument, ARGPARSE_QUALIFIER_MAP))
+            group.add_argument(*flags, **argument)
 
 
 parser = HTTPieManagerArgumentParser(
@@ -158,4 +170,12 @@ parser.add_argument(
     '''
 )
 
-generate_subparsers(parser, parser, COMMANDS)
+man_page_hint = '''
+If you are looking for the man pages of http/https commands, try one of the following:
+    $ man http
+    $ man https
+
+'''
+
+options = parser_to_parser_spec(parser, man_page_hint=man_page_hint, source_file=__file__)
+generate_subparsers(parser, parser, COMMANDS, options)

httpie/manager/compat.py

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+import sys
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+
+from contextlib import suppress
+from typing import List, Optional
+from httpie.compat import is_frozen
+
+
+class PipError(Exception):
+    """An exception that occurs when pip exits with an error status code."""
+
+    def __init__(self, stdout, stderr):
+        self.stdout = stdout
+        self.stderr = stderr
+
+
+def _discover_system_pip() -> List[str]:
+    # When we are running inside of a frozen binary, we need the system
+    # pip to install plugins since there is no way for us to execute any
+    # code outside of the HTTPie.
+    #
+    # We explicitly depend on system pip, so the SystemError should not
+    # be executed (except for broken installations).
+    def _check_pip_version(pip_location: Optional[str]) -> bool:
+        if not pip_location:
+            return False
+
+        with suppress(subprocess.CalledProcessError):
+            stdout = subprocess.check_output([pip_location, "--version"], text=True)
+            return "python 3" in stdout
+
+    targets = [
+        "pip",
+        "pip3"
+    ]
+    for target in targets:
+        pip_location = shutil.which(target)
+        if _check_pip_version(pip_location):
+            return pip_location
+
+    raise SystemError("Couldn't find 'pip' executable. Please ensure that pip in your system is available.")
+
+
+def _run_pip_subprocess(pip_executable: List[str], args: List[str]) -> bytes:
+
+    cmd = [*pip_executable, *args]
+    try:
+        process = subprocess.run(
+            cmd,
+            check=True,
+            shell=False,
+            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+            stderr=subprocess.PIPE
+        )
+    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as error:
+        raise PipError(error.stdout, error.stderr) from error
+    else:
+        return process.stdout
+
+
+def run_pip(args: List[str]) -> bytes:
+    if is_frozen:
+        pip_executable = [_discover_system_pip()]
+    else:
+        pip_executable = [sys.executable, '-m', 'pip']
+
+    return _run_pip_subprocess(pip_executable, args)

httpie/manager/core.py

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ import argparse
 from typing import Optional
 
 from httpie.context import Environment
-from httpie.manager.plugins import PluginInstaller
 from httpie.status import ExitStatus
 from httpie.manager.cli import missing_subcommand, parser
 from httpie.manager.tasks import CLI_TASKS
@@ -36,8 +35,7 @@ def program(args: argparse.Namespace, env: Environment) -> ExitStatus:
         parser.error(MSG_NAKED_INVOCATION)
 
     if args.action == 'plugins':
-        plugins = PluginInstaller(env, debug=args.debug)
+        return dispatch_cli_task(env, args.action, args)
-        return plugins.run(args.plugins_action, args)
     elif args.action == 'cli':
         return dispatch_cli_task(env, args.cli_action, args)
 

httpie/manager/tasks/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+from httpie.manager.tasks.sessions import cli_sessions
+from httpie.manager.tasks.export_args import cli_export_args
+from httpie.manager.tasks.plugins import cli_plugins
+from httpie.manager.tasks.check_updates import cli_check_updates
+
+CLI_TASKS = {
+    'sessions': cli_sessions,
+    'export-args': cli_export_args,
+    'plugins': cli_plugins,
+    'check-updates': cli_check_updates
+}

httpie/manager/tasks/check_updates.py

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+import argparse
+from httpie.context import Environment
+from httpie.status import ExitStatus
+from httpie.internal.update_warnings import fetch_updates, get_update_status
+
+
+def cli_check_updates(env: Environment, args: argparse.Namespace) -> ExitStatus:
+    fetch_updates(env, lazy=False)
+    env.stdout.write(get_update_status(env))
+    return ExitStatus.SUCCESS

httpie/manager/tasks/export_args.py

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import argparse
+import json
+
+from httpie.cli.definition import options
+from httpie.cli.options import to_data
+from httpie.output.writer import write_raw_data
+from httpie.status import ExitStatus
+from httpie.context import Environment
+
+
+FORMAT_TO_CONTENT_TYPE = {
+    'json': 'application/json'
+}
+
+
+def cli_export_args(env: Environment, args: argparse.Namespace) -> ExitStatus:
+    if args.format == 'json':
+        data = json.dumps(to_data(options))
+    else:
+        raise NotImplementedError(f'Unexpected format value: {args.format}')
+
+    write_raw_data(
+        env,
+        data,
+        stream_kwargs={'mime_overwrite': FORMAT_TO_CONTENT_TYPE[args.format]},
+    )
+    return ExitStatus.SUCCESS

httpie/manager/tasks/plugins.py

@@ -1,20 +1,19 @@
 import argparse
 import os
-import subprocess
-import sys
 import textwrap
 import re
 import shutil
 from collections import defaultdict
 from contextlib import suppress
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Tuple, Optional, List
+from typing import List, Optional, Tuple
 
+from httpie.manager.compat import PipError, run_pip
 from httpie.manager.cli import parser, missing_subcommand
-from httpie.compat import importlib_metadata, get_dist_name
+from httpie.compat import get_dist_name, importlib_metadata
 from httpie.context import Environment
 from httpie.status import ExitStatus
-from httpie.utils import as_site
+from httpie.utils import get_site_paths
 
 PEP_503 = re.compile(r"[-_.]+")
 
@@ -58,46 +57,37 @@ class PluginInstaller:
         self.env.stderr.write(message + '\n')
         return ExitStatus.ERROR
 
-    def pip(self, *args, **kwargs) -> subprocess.CompletedProcess:
+    def _install(self, targets: List[str], mode='install') -> Tuple[
-        options = {
+        bytes, ExitStatus
-            'check': True,
-            'shell': False,
-            'stdout': self.env.stdout,
-            'stderr': subprocess.PIPE,
-        }
-        options.update(kwargs)
-
-        cmd = [sys.executable, '-m', 'pip', *args]
-        return subprocess.run(
-            cmd,
-            **options
-        )
-
-    def _install(self, targets: List[str], mode='install', **process_options) -> Tuple[
-        Optional[bytes], ExitStatus
     ]:
         pip_args = [
             'install',
+            '--prefer-binary',
             f'--prefix={self.dir}',
             '--no-warn-script-location',
         ]
         if mode == 'upgrade':
             pip_args.append('--upgrade')
+        pip_args.extend(targets)
 
         try:
-            process = self.pip(
+            stdout = run_pip(pip_args)
-                *pip_args,
+        except PipError as pip_error:
-                *targets,
+            error = pip_error
-                **process_options,
+            stdout = pip_error.stdout
-            )
+        else:
-        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as error:
+            error = None
+
+        self.env.stdout.write(stdout.decode())
+
+        if error:
             reason = None
             if error.stderr:
                 stderr = error.stderr.decode()
 
                 if self.debug:
                     self.env.stderr.write('Command failed: ')
-                    self.env.stderr.write(' '.join(error.cmd) + '\n')
+                    self.env.stderr.write('pip ' + ' '.join(pip_args) + '\n')
                     self.env.stderr.write(textwrap.indent('  ', stderr))
 
                 last_line = stderr.strip().splitlines()[-1]
@@ -108,7 +98,6 @@ class PluginInstaller:
             stdout = error.stdout
             exit_status = self.fail(mode, ', '.join(targets), reason)
         else:
-            stdout = process.stdout
             exit_status = ExitStatus.SUCCESS
 
         return stdout, exit_status
@@ -124,7 +113,8 @@ class PluginInstaller:
         # existing metadata for old versions manually.
         # [0]: https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/10727
         result_deps = defaultdict(list)
-        for child in as_site(self.dir).iterdir():
+        for site_dir in get_site_paths(self.dir):
+            for child in site_dir.iterdir():
                 if child.suffix in {'.dist-info', '.egg-info'}:
                     name, _, version = child.stem.rpartition('-')
                     result_deps[name].append((version, child))
@@ -145,15 +135,12 @@ class PluginInstaller:
 
         raw_stdout, exit_status = self._install(
             targets,
-            mode='upgrade',
+            mode='upgrade'
-            stdout=subprocess.PIPE
         )
         if not raw_stdout:
             return exit_status
 
         stdout = raw_stdout.decode()
-        self.env.stdout.write(stdout)
-
         installation_line = stdout.splitlines()[-1]
         if installation_line.startswith('Successfully installed'):
             self._clear_metadata(installation_line.split()[2:])
@@ -178,7 +165,7 @@ class PluginInstaller:
             return self.fail('uninstall', target, 'couldn\'t locate the package')
 
         # TODO: Consider handling failures here (e.g if it fails,
-        # just rever the operation and leave the site-packages
+        # just revert the operation and leave the site-packages
         # in a proper shape).
         for file in files:
             with suppress(FileNotFoundError):
@@ -248,3 +235,14 @@ class PluginInstaller:
                 status = self.list()
 
         return status or ExitStatus.SUCCESS
+
+
+def cli_plugins(env: Environment, args: argparse.Namespace) -> ExitStatus:
+    plugins = PluginInstaller(env, debug=args.debug)
+
+    try:
+        action = args.cli_plugins_action
+    except AttributeError:
+        action = args.plugins_action
+
+    return plugins.run(action, args)

httpie/manager/tasks/sessions.py

@@ -1,25 +1,19 @@
 import argparse
-from typing import TypeVar, Callable, Tuple
 
 from httpie.sessions import SESSIONS_DIR_NAME, get_httpie_session
 from httpie.status import ExitStatus
 from httpie.context import Environment
-from httpie.legacy import cookie_format as legacy_cookies
+from httpie.legacy import v3_1_0_session_cookie_format, v3_2_0_session_header_format
 from httpie.manager.cli import missing_subcommand, parser
-
+from httpie.utils import is_version_greater
-T = TypeVar('T')
-
-CLI_TASKS = {}
 
 
-def task(name: str) -> Callable[[T], T]:
+FIXERS_TO_VERSIONS = {
-    def wrapper(func: T) -> T:
+    '3.1.0': v3_1_0_session_cookie_format.fix_layout,
-        CLI_TASKS[name] = func
+    '3.2.0': v3_2_0_session_header_format.fix_layout,
-        return func
+}
-    return wrapper
 
 
-@task('sessions')
 def cli_sessions(env: Environment, args: argparse.Namespace) -> ExitStatus:
     action = args.cli_sessions_action
     if action is None:
@@ -33,30 +27,6 @@ def cli_sessions(env: Environment, args: argparse.Namespace) -> ExitStatus:
         raise ValueError(f'Unexpected action: {action}')
 
 
-def is_version_greater(version_1: str, version_2: str) -> bool:
-    # In an ideal scenerio, we would depend on `packaging` in order
-    # to offer PEP 440 compatible parsing. But since it might not be
-    # commonly available for outside packages, and since we are only
-    # going to parse HTTPie's own version it should be fine to compare
-    # this in a SemVer subset fashion.
-
-    def split_version(version: str) -> Tuple[int, ...]:
-        parts = []
-        for part in version.split('.')[:3]:
-            try:
-                parts.append(int(part))
-            except ValueError:
-                break
-        return tuple(parts)
-
-    return split_version(version_1) > split_version(version_2)
-
-
-FIXERS_TO_VERSIONS = {
-    '3.1.0': legacy_cookies.fix_layout
-}
-
-
 def upgrade_session(env: Environment, args: argparse.Namespace, hostname: str, session_name: str):
     session = get_httpie_session(
         env=env,
@@ -64,7 +34,7 @@ def upgrade_session(env: Environment, args: argparse.Namespace, hostname: str, s
         session_name=session_name,
         host=hostname,
         url=hostname,
-        refactor_mode=True
+        suppress_legacy_warnings=True
     )
 
     session_name = session.path.stem
@@ -114,28 +84,3 @@ def cli_upgrade_all_sessions(env: Environment, args: argparse.Namespace) -> Exit
                 session_name=session_name
             )
     return status
-
-
-FORMAT_TO_CONTENT_TYPE = {
-    'json': 'application/json'
-}
-
-
-@task('export-args')
-def cli_export(env: Environment, args: argparse.Namespace) -> ExitStatus:
-    import json
-    from httpie.cli.definition import options
-    from httpie.cli.options import to_data
-    from httpie.output.writer import write_raw_data
-
-    if args.format == 'json':
-        data = json.dumps(to_data(options))
-    else:
-        raise NotImplementedError(f'Unexpected format value: {args.format}')
-
-    write_raw_data(
-        env,
-        data,
-        stream_kwargs={'mime_overwrite': FORMAT_TO_CONTENT_TYPE[args.format]},
-    )
-    return ExitStatus.SUCCESS

httpie/models.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from time import monotonic
 
 import requests
+from urllib3.util import SKIP_HEADER, SKIPPABLE_HEADERS
 
 from enum import Enum, auto
 from typing import Iterable, Union, NamedTuple
@@ -16,7 +17,6 @@ from .cli.constants import (
 from .compat import cached_property
 from .utils import split_cookies, parse_content_type_header
 
-
 ELAPSED_TIME_LABEL = 'Elapsed time'
 
 
@@ -67,23 +67,10 @@ class HTTPResponse(HTTPMessage):
     def iter_lines(self, chunk_size):
         return ((line, b'\n') for line in self._orig.iter_lines(chunk_size))
 
-    # noinspection PyProtectedMember
     @property
     def headers(self):
-        try:
-            raw_version = self._orig.raw._original_response.version
-        except AttributeError:
-            # Assume HTTP/1.1
-            raw_version = 11
-        version = {
-            9: '0.9',
-            10: '1.0',
-            11: '1.1',
-            20: '2',
-        }[raw_version]
-
         original = self._orig
-        status_line = f'HTTP/{version} {original.status_code} {original.reason}'
+        status_line = f'HTTP/{self.version} {original.status_code} {original.reason}'
         headers = [status_line]
         headers.extend(
             ': '.join(header)
@@ -113,6 +100,32 @@ class HTTPResponse(HTTPMessage):
             for key, value in data.items()
         )
 
+    @property
+    def version(self) -> str:
+        """
+        Return the HTTP version used by the server, e.g. '1.1'.
+
+        Assume HTTP/1.1 if version is not available.
+
+        """
+        mapping = {
+            9: '0.9',
+            10: '1.0',
+            11: '1.1',
+            20: '2.0',
+        }
+        fallback = 11
+        version = None
+        try:
+            raw = self._orig.raw
+            if getattr(raw, '_original_response', None):
+                version = raw._original_response.version
+            else:
+                version = raw.version
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
+        return mapping[version or fallback]
+
 
 class HTTPRequest(HTTPMessage):
     """A :class:`requests.models.Request` wrapper."""
@@ -140,6 +153,7 @@ class HTTPRequest(HTTPMessage):
         headers = [
             f'{name}: {value if isinstance(value, str) else value.decode()}'
             for name, value in headers.items()
+            if not (name.lower() in SKIPPABLE_HEADERS and value == SKIP_HEADER)
         ]
 
         headers.insert(0, request_line)

httpie/output/formatters/colors.py

@@ -17,14 +17,15 @@ from pygments.util import ClassNotFound
 
 from ..lexers.json import EnhancedJsonLexer
 from ..lexers.metadata import MetadataLexer
-from ..ui.palette import SHADE_NAMES, get_color
+from ..ui.palette import AUTO_STYLE, SHADE_TO_PIE_STYLE, PieColor, ColorString, get_color
 from ...context import Environment
 from ...plugins import FormatterPlugin
 
 
-AUTO_STYLE = 'auto'  # Follows terminal ANSI color styles
 DEFAULT_STYLE = AUTO_STYLE
 SOLARIZED_STYLE = 'solarized'  # Bundled here
+PYGMENTS_BOLD = ColorString('bold')
+PYGMENTS_ITALIC = ColorString('italic')
 
 BUNDLED_STYLES = {
     SOLARIZED_STYLE,
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ BUNDLED_STYLES = {
 
 
 def get_available_styles():
-    return BUNDLED_STYLES | set(pygments.styles.get_all_styles())
+    return sorted(BUNDLED_STYLES | set(pygments.styles.get_all_styles()))
 
 
 class ColorFormatter(FormatterPlugin):
@@ -254,11 +255,11 @@ class Solarized256Style(pygments.style.Style):
         pygments.token.Comment.Preproc: GREEN,
         pygments.token.Comment.Special: GREEN,
         pygments.token.Generic.Deleted: CYAN,
-        pygments.token.Generic.Emph: 'italic',
+        pygments.token.Generic.Emph: PYGMENTS_ITALIC,
         pygments.token.Generic.Error: RED,
         pygments.token.Generic.Heading: ORANGE,
         pygments.token.Generic.Inserted: GREEN,
-        pygments.token.Generic.Strong: 'bold',
+        pygments.token.Generic.Strong: PYGMENTS_BOLD,
         pygments.token.Generic.Subheading: ORANGE,
         pygments.token.Token: BASE1,
         pygments.token.Token.Other: ORANGE,
@@ -267,86 +268,86 @@ class Solarized256Style(pygments.style.Style):
 
 PIE_HEADER_STYLE = {
     # HTTP line / Headers / Etc.
-    pygments.token.Name.Namespace: 'bold primary',
+    pygments.token.Name.Namespace: PYGMENTS_BOLD | PieColor.PRIMARY,
-    pygments.token.Keyword.Reserved: 'bold grey',
+    pygments.token.Keyword.Reserved: PYGMENTS_BOLD | PieColor.GREY,
-    pygments.token.Operator: 'bold grey',
+    pygments.token.Operator: PYGMENTS_BOLD | PieColor.GREY,
-    pygments.token.Number: 'bold grey',
+    pygments.token.Number: PYGMENTS_BOLD | PieColor.GREY,
-    pygments.token.Name.Function.Magic: 'bold green',
+    pygments.token.Name.Function.Magic: PYGMENTS_BOLD | PieColor.GREEN,
-    pygments.token.Name.Exception: 'bold green',
+    pygments.token.Name.Exception: PYGMENTS_BOLD | PieColor.GREEN,
-    pygments.token.Name.Attribute: 'blue',
+    pygments.token.Name.Attribute: PieColor.BLUE,
-    pygments.token.String: 'primary',
+    pygments.token.String: PieColor.PRIMARY,
 
     # HTTP Methods
-    pygments.token.Name.Function: 'bold grey',
+    pygments.token.Name.Function: PYGMENTS_BOLD | PieColor.GREY,
-    pygments.token.Name.Function.HTTP.GET: 'bold green',
+    pygments.token.Name.Function.HTTP.GET: PYGMENTS_BOLD | PieColor.GREEN,
-    pygments.token.Name.Function.HTTP.HEAD: 'bold green',
+    pygments.token.Name.Function.HTTP.HEAD: PYGMENTS_BOLD | PieColor.GREEN,
-    pygments.token.Name.Function.HTTP.POST: 'bold yellow',
+    pygments.token.Name.Function.HTTP.POST: PYGMENTS_BOLD | PieColor.YELLOW,
-    pygments.token.Name.Function.HTTP.PUT: 'bold orange',
+    pygments.token.Name.Function.HTTP.PUT: PYGMENTS_BOLD | PieColor.ORANGE,
-    pygments.token.Name.Function.HTTP.PATCH: 'bold orange',
+    pygments.token.Name.Function.HTTP.PATCH: PYGMENTS_BOLD | PieColor.ORANGE,
-    pygments.token.Name.Function.HTTP.DELETE: 'bold red',
+    pygments.token.Name.Function.HTTP.DELETE: PYGMENTS_BOLD | PieColor.RED,
 
     # HTTP status codes
-    pygments.token.Number.HTTP.INFO: 'bold aqua',
+    pygments.token.Number.HTTP.INFO: PYGMENTS_BOLD | PieColor.AQUA,
-    pygments.token.Number.HTTP.OK: 'bold green',
+    pygments.token.Number.HTTP.OK: PYGMENTS_BOLD | PieColor.GREEN,
-    pygments.token.Number.HTTP.REDIRECT: 'bold yellow',
+    pygments.token.Number.HTTP.REDIRECT: PYGMENTS_BOLD | PieColor.YELLOW,
-    pygments.token.Number.HTTP.CLIENT_ERR: 'bold orange',
+    pygments.token.Number.HTTP.CLIENT_ERR: PYGMENTS_BOLD | PieColor.ORANGE,
-    pygments.token.Number.HTTP.SERVER_ERR: 'bold red',
+    pygments.token.Number.HTTP.SERVER_ERR: PYGMENTS_BOLD | PieColor.RED,
 
     # Metadata
-    pygments.token.Name.Decorator: 'grey',
+    pygments.token.Name.Decorator: PieColor.GREY,
-    pygments.token.Number.SPEED.FAST: 'bold green',
+    pygments.token.Number.SPEED.FAST: PYGMENTS_BOLD | PieColor.GREEN,
-    pygments.token.Number.SPEED.AVG: 'bold yellow',
+    pygments.token.Number.SPEED.AVG: PYGMENTS_BOLD | PieColor.YELLOW,
-    pygments.token.Number.SPEED.SLOW: 'bold orange',
+    pygments.token.Number.SPEED.SLOW: PYGMENTS_BOLD | PieColor.ORANGE,
-    pygments.token.Number.SPEED.VERY_SLOW: 'bold red',
+    pygments.token.Number.SPEED.VERY_SLOW: PYGMENTS_BOLD | PieColor.RED,
 }
 
 PIE_BODY_STYLE = {
     # {}[]:
-    pygments.token.Punctuation: 'grey',
+    pygments.token.Punctuation: PieColor.GREY,
 
     # Keys
-    pygments.token.Name.Tag: 'pink',
+    pygments.token.Name.Tag: PieColor.PINK,
 
     # Values
-    pygments.token.Literal.String: 'green',
+    pygments.token.Literal.String: PieColor.GREEN,
-    pygments.token.Literal.String.Double: 'green',
+    pygments.token.Literal.String.Double: PieColor.GREEN,
-    pygments.token.Literal.Number: 'aqua',
+    pygments.token.Literal.Number: PieColor.AQUA,
-    pygments.token.Keyword: 'orange',
+    pygments.token.Keyword: PieColor.ORANGE,
 
     # Other stuff
-    pygments.token.Text: 'primary',
+    pygments.token.Text: PieColor.PRIMARY,
-    pygments.token.Name.Attribute: 'primary',
+    pygments.token.Name.Attribute: PieColor.PRIMARY,
-    pygments.token.Name.Builtin: 'blue',
+    pygments.token.Name.Builtin: PieColor.BLUE,
-    pygments.token.Name.Builtin.Pseudo: 'blue',
+    pygments.token.Name.Builtin.Pseudo: PieColor.BLUE,
-    pygments.token.Name.Class: 'blue',
+    pygments.token.Name.Class: PieColor.BLUE,
-    pygments.token.Name.Constant: 'orange',
+    pygments.token.Name.Constant: PieColor.ORANGE,
-    pygments.token.Name.Decorator: 'blue',
+    pygments.token.Name.Decorator: PieColor.BLUE,
-    pygments.token.Name.Entity: 'orange',
+    pygments.token.Name.Entity: PieColor.ORANGE,
-    pygments.token.Name.Exception: 'yellow',
+    pygments.token.Name.Exception: PieColor.YELLOW,
-    pygments.token.Name.Function: 'blue',
+    pygments.token.Name.Function: PieColor.BLUE,
-    pygments.token.Name.Variable: 'blue',
+    pygments.token.Name.Variable: PieColor.BLUE,
-    pygments.token.String: 'aqua',
+    pygments.token.String: PieColor.AQUA,
-    pygments.token.String.Backtick: 'secondary',
+    pygments.token.String.Backtick: PieColor.SECONDARY,
-    pygments.token.String.Char: 'aqua',
+    pygments.token.String.Char: PieColor.AQUA,
-    pygments.token.String.Doc: 'aqua',
+    pygments.token.String.Doc: PieColor.AQUA,
-    pygments.token.String.Escape: 'red',
+    pygments.token.String.Escape: PieColor.RED,
-    pygments.token.String.Heredoc: 'aqua',
+    pygments.token.String.Heredoc: PieColor.AQUA,
-    pygments.token.String.Regex: 'red',
+    pygments.token.String.Regex: PieColor.RED,
-    pygments.token.Number: 'aqua',
+    pygments.token.Number: PieColor.AQUA,
-    pygments.token.Operator: 'primary',
+    pygments.token.Operator: PieColor.PRIMARY,
-    pygments.token.Operator.Word: 'green',
+    pygments.token.Operator.Word: PieColor.GREEN,
-    pygments.token.Comment: 'secondary',
+    pygments.token.Comment: PieColor.SECONDARY,
-    pygments.token.Comment.Preproc: 'green',
+    pygments.token.Comment.Preproc: PieColor.GREEN,
-    pygments.token.Comment.Special: 'green',
+    pygments.token.Comment.Special: PieColor.GREEN,
-    pygments.token.Generic.Deleted: 'aqua',
+    pygments.token.Generic.Deleted: PieColor.AQUA,
-    pygments.token.Generic.Emph: 'italic',
+    pygments.token.Generic.Emph: PYGMENTS_ITALIC,
-    pygments.token.Generic.Error: 'red',
+    pygments.token.Generic.Error: PieColor.RED,
-    pygments.token.Generic.Heading: 'orange',
+    pygments.token.Generic.Heading: PieColor.ORANGE,
-    pygments.token.Generic.Inserted: 'green',
+    pygments.token.Generic.Inserted: PieColor.GREEN,
-    pygments.token.Generic.Strong: 'bold',
+    pygments.token.Generic.Strong: PYGMENTS_BOLD,
-    pygments.token.Generic.Subheading: 'orange',
+    pygments.token.Generic.Subheading: PieColor.ORANGE,
-    pygments.token.Token: 'primary',
+    pygments.token.Token: PieColor.PRIMARY,
-    pygments.token.Token.Other: 'orange',
+    pygments.token.Token.Other: PieColor.ORANGE,
 }
 
 
@@ -370,7 +371,7 @@ def make_style(name, raw_styles, shade):
 def make_styles():
     styles = {}
 
-    for shade, name in SHADE_NAMES.items():
+    for shade, name in SHADE_TO_PIE_STYLE.items():
         styles[name] = [
             make_style(name, style_map, shade)
             for style_name, style_map in [