From d6ed9c037ed31a1b4a527b3e49f9a1aaafa8db74 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Viktor Liu <17948409+lixmal@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 21 Jul 2025 12:13:21 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] [client] Fix bind exclusion routes (#4154)

---
 client/iface/bind/control.go                  | 15 ++++
 client/iface/bind/control_android.go          | 12 ---
 client/iface/bind/ice_bind.go                 |  3 +-
 client/iface/bind/udp_mux.go                  | 25 +++---
 client/iface/bind/udp_mux_generic.go          | 21 +++++
 client/iface/bind/udp_mux_ios.go              |  7 ++
 client/iface/bind/udp_mux_universal.go        | 20 +++--
 client/internal/engine.go                     | 14 +---
 client/internal/engine_test.go                |  2 +-
 client/internal/peer/conn.go                  | 52 -------------
 .../routemanager/client/client_test.go        |  2 +-
 client/internal/routemanager/manager.go       | 13 ++--
 client/internal/routemanager/manager_test.go  |  2 +-
 client/internal/routemanager/mock.go          |  5 +-
 .../routemanager/notifier/notifier_other.go   |  2 +-
 .../routemanager/systemops/systemops.go       |  5 ++
 .../systemops/systemops_android.go            |  5 +-
 .../systemops/systemops_generic.go            | 76 ++++++++++++++-----
 .../systemops/systemops_generic_test.go       |  6 +-
 .../routemanager/systemops/systemops_ios.go   |  5 +-
 .../routemanager/systemops/systemops_linux.go |  6 +-
 .../routemanager/systemops/systemops_unix.go  |  3 +-
 .../systemops/systemops_windows.go            |  3 +-
 util/net/listener_listen.go                   | 67 ++++++++++++++--
 util/net/listener_listen_ios.go               | 10 +++
 25 files changed, 230 insertions(+), 151 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 client/iface/bind/control.go
 delete mode 100644 client/iface/bind/control_android.go
 create mode 100644 client/iface/bind/udp_mux_generic.go
 create mode 100644 client/iface/bind/udp_mux_ios.go
 create mode 100644 util/net/listener_listen_ios.go

diff --git a/client/iface/bind/control.go b/client/iface/bind/control.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..89bddf12c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/iface/bind/control.go
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package bind
+
+import (
+	wireguard "golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/conn"
+
+	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/net"
+)
+
+// TODO: This is most likely obsolete since the control fns should be called by the wrapped udpconn (ice_bind.go)
+func init() {
+	listener := nbnet.NewListener()
+	if listener.ListenConfig.Control != nil {
+		*wireguard.ControlFns = append(*wireguard.ControlFns, listener.ListenConfig.Control)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/iface/bind/control_android.go b/client/iface/bind/control_android.go
deleted file mode 100644
index b8a865e39..000000000
--- a/client/iface/bind/control_android.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-package bind
-
-import (
-	wireguard "golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/conn"
-
-	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/net"
-)
-
-func init() {
-	// ControlFns is not thread safe and should only be modified during init.
-	*wireguard.ControlFns = append(*wireguard.ControlFns, nbnet.ControlProtectSocket)
-}
diff --git a/client/iface/bind/ice_bind.go b/client/iface/bind/ice_bind.go
index bb7a27279..c3d5ef377 100644
--- a/client/iface/bind/ice_bind.go
+++ b/client/iface/bind/ice_bind.go
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import (
 	wgConn "golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/conn"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
+	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/net"
 )
 
 type RecvMessage struct {
@@ -153,7 +154,7 @@ func (s *ICEBind) createIPv4ReceiverFn(pc *ipv4.PacketConn, conn *net.UDPConn, r
 
 	s.udpMux = NewUniversalUDPMuxDefault(
 		UniversalUDPMuxParams{
-			UDPConn:   conn,
+			UDPConn:   nbnet.WrapUDPConn(conn),
 			Net:       s.transportNet,
 			FilterFn:  s.filterFn,
 			WGAddress: s.address,
diff --git a/client/iface/bind/udp_mux.go b/client/iface/bind/udp_mux.go
index 0e58499aa..29e5d7937 100644
--- a/client/iface/bind/udp_mux.go
+++ b/client/iface/bind/udp_mux.go
@@ -296,14 +296,20 @@ func (m *UDPMuxDefault) RemoveConnByUfrag(ufrag string) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	m.addressMapMu.Lock()
-	defer m.addressMapMu.Unlock()
-
+	var allAddresses []string
 	for _, c := range removedConns {
 		addresses := c.getAddresses()
-		for _, addr := range addresses {
-			delete(m.addressMap, addr)
-		}
+		allAddresses = append(allAddresses, addresses...)
+	}
+
+	m.addressMapMu.Lock()
+	for _, addr := range allAddresses {
+		delete(m.addressMap, addr)
+	}
+	m.addressMapMu.Unlock()
+
+	for _, addr := range allAddresses {
+		m.notifyAddressRemoval(addr)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -351,14 +357,13 @@ func (m *UDPMuxDefault) registerConnForAddress(conn *udpMuxedConn, addr string)
 	}
 
 	m.addressMapMu.Lock()
-	defer m.addressMapMu.Unlock()
-
 	existing, ok := m.addressMap[addr]
 	if !ok {
 		existing = []*udpMuxedConn{}
 	}
 	existing = append(existing, conn)
 	m.addressMap[addr] = existing
+	m.addressMapMu.Unlock()
 
 	log.Debugf("ICE: registered %s for %s", addr, conn.params.Key)
 }
@@ -386,12 +391,12 @@ func (m *UDPMuxDefault) HandleSTUNMessage(msg *stun.Message, addr net.Addr) erro
 	// If you are using the same socket for the Host and SRFLX candidates, it might be that there are more than one
 	// muxed connection - one for the SRFLX candidate and the other one for the HOST one.
 	// We will then forward STUN packets to each of these connections.
-	m.addressMapMu.Lock()
+	m.addressMapMu.RLock()
 	var destinationConnList []*udpMuxedConn
 	if storedConns, ok := m.addressMap[addr.String()]; ok {
 		destinationConnList = append(destinationConnList, storedConns...)
 	}
-	m.addressMapMu.Unlock()
+	m.addressMapMu.RUnlock()
 
 	var isIPv6 bool
 	if udpAddr, _ := addr.(*net.UDPAddr); udpAddr != nil && udpAddr.IP.To4() == nil {
diff --git a/client/iface/bind/udp_mux_generic.go b/client/iface/bind/udp_mux_generic.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e42d25462
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/iface/bind/udp_mux_generic.go
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+//go:build !ios
+
+package bind
+
+import (
+	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/net"
+)
+
+func (m *UDPMuxDefault) notifyAddressRemoval(addr string) {
+	wrapped, ok := m.params.UDPConn.(*UDPConn)
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+
+	nbnetConn, ok := wrapped.GetPacketConn().(*nbnet.UDPConn)
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+
+	nbnetConn.RemoveAddress(addr)
+}
diff --git a/client/iface/bind/udp_mux_ios.go b/client/iface/bind/udp_mux_ios.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..15e26d02f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/iface/bind/udp_mux_ios.go
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//go:build ios
+
+package bind
+
+func (m *UDPMuxDefault) notifyAddressRemoval(addr string) {
+	// iOS doesn't support nbnet hooks, so this is a no-op
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/client/iface/bind/udp_mux_universal.go b/client/iface/bind/udp_mux_universal.go
index 5cc634955..b755a7827 100644
--- a/client/iface/bind/udp_mux_universal.go
+++ b/client/iface/bind/udp_mux_universal.go
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ func NewUniversalUDPMuxDefault(params UniversalUDPMuxParams) *UniversalUDPMuxDef
 
 	// wrap UDP connection, process server reflexive messages
 	// before they are passed to the UDPMux connection handler (connWorker)
-	m.params.UDPConn = &udpConn{
+	m.params.UDPConn = &UDPConn{
 		PacketConn: params.UDPConn,
 		mux:        m,
 		logger:     params.Logger,
@@ -70,7 +70,6 @@ func NewUniversalUDPMuxDefault(params UniversalUDPMuxParams) *UniversalUDPMuxDef
 		address:    params.WGAddress,
 	}
 
-	// embed UDPMux
 	udpMuxParams := UDPMuxParams{
 		Logger:  params.Logger,
 		UDPConn: m.params.UDPConn,
@@ -114,8 +113,8 @@ func (m *UniversalUDPMuxDefault) ReadFromConn(ctx context.Context) {
 	}
 }
 
-// udpConn is a wrapper around UDPMux conn that overrides ReadFrom and handles STUN/TURN packets
-type udpConn struct {
+// UDPConn is a wrapper around UDPMux conn that overrides ReadFrom and handles STUN/TURN packets
+type UDPConn struct {
 	net.PacketConn
 	mux      *UniversalUDPMuxDefault
 	logger   logging.LeveledLogger
@@ -125,7 +124,12 @@ type udpConn struct {
 	address   wgaddr.Address
 }
 
-func (u *udpConn) WriteTo(b []byte, addr net.Addr) (int, error) {
+// GetPacketConn returns the underlying PacketConn
+func (u *UDPConn) GetPacketConn() net.PacketConn {
+	return u.PacketConn
+}
+
+func (u *UDPConn) WriteTo(b []byte, addr net.Addr) (int, error) {
 	if u.filterFn == nil {
 		return u.PacketConn.WriteTo(b, addr)
 	}
@@ -137,21 +141,21 @@ func (u *udpConn) WriteTo(b []byte, addr net.Addr) (int, error) {
 	return u.handleUncachedAddress(b, addr)
 }
 
-func (u *udpConn) handleCachedAddress(isRouted bool, b []byte, addr net.Addr) (int, error) {
+func (u *UDPConn) handleCachedAddress(isRouted bool, b []byte, addr net.Addr) (int, error) {
 	if isRouted {
 		return 0, fmt.Errorf("address %s is part of a routed network, refusing to write", addr)
 	}
 	return u.PacketConn.WriteTo(b, addr)
 }
 
-func (u *udpConn) handleUncachedAddress(b []byte, addr net.Addr) (int, error) {
+func (u *UDPConn) handleUncachedAddress(b []byte, addr net.Addr) (int, error) {
 	if err := u.performFilterCheck(addr); err != nil {
 		return 0, err
 	}
 	return u.PacketConn.WriteTo(b, addr)
 }
 
-func (u *udpConn) performFilterCheck(addr net.Addr) error {
+func (u *UDPConn) performFilterCheck(addr net.Addr) error {
 	host, err := getHostFromAddr(addr)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("Failed to get host from address %s: %v", addr, err)
diff --git a/client/internal/engine.go b/client/internal/engine.go
index e9772b359..1abb8163d 100644
--- a/client/internal/engine.go
+++ b/client/internal/engine.go
@@ -61,7 +61,6 @@ import (
 	signal "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/signal/client"
 	sProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/signal/proto"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util"
-	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/net"
 )
 
 // PeerConnectionTimeoutMax is a timeout of an initial connection attempt to a remote peer.
@@ -138,9 +137,6 @@ type Engine struct {
 
 	connMgr *ConnMgr
 
-	beforePeerHook nbnet.AddHookFunc
-	afterPeerHook  nbnet.RemoveHookFunc
-
 	// rpManager is a Rosenpass manager
 	rpManager *rosenpass.Manager
 
@@ -409,12 +405,8 @@ func (e *Engine) Start() error {
 		DisableClientRoutes: e.config.DisableClientRoutes,
 		DisableServerRoutes: e.config.DisableServerRoutes,
 	})
-	beforePeerHook, afterPeerHook, err := e.routeManager.Init()
-	if err != nil {
+	if err := e.routeManager.Init(); err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("Failed to initialize route manager: %s", err)
-	} else {
-		e.beforePeerHook = beforePeerHook
-		e.afterPeerHook = afterPeerHook
 	}
 
 	e.routeManager.SetRouteChangeListener(e.mobileDep.NetworkChangeListener)
@@ -1261,10 +1253,6 @@ func (e *Engine) addNewPeer(peerConfig *mgmProto.RemotePeerConfig) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("peer already exists: %s", peerKey)
 	}
 
-	if e.beforePeerHook != nil && e.afterPeerHook != nil {
-		conn.AddBeforeAddPeerHook(e.beforePeerHook)
-		conn.AddAfterRemovePeerHook(e.afterPeerHook)
-	}
 	return nil
 }
 
diff --git a/client/internal/engine_test.go b/client/internal/engine_test.go
index e75672ed1..f02138686 100644
--- a/client/internal/engine_test.go
+++ b/client/internal/engine_test.go
@@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ func TestEngine_UpdateNetworkMap(t *testing.T) {
 		StatusRecorder:   engine.statusRecorder,
 		RelayManager:     relayMgr,
 	})
-	_, _, err = engine.routeManager.Init()
+	err = engine.routeManager.Init()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	engine.dnsServer = &dns.MockServer{
 		UpdateDNSServerFunc: func(serial uint64, update nbdns.Config) error { return nil },
diff --git a/client/internal/peer/conn.go b/client/internal/peer/conn.go
index 7765bb51c..ddd90450d 100644
--- a/client/internal/peer/conn.go
+++ b/client/internal/peer/conn.go
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/stdnet"
 	relayClient "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/relay/client"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
-	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/net"
 	semaphoregroup "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/semaphore-group"
 )
 
@@ -106,10 +105,6 @@ type Conn struct {
 	workerRelay *WorkerRelay
 	wgWatcherWg sync.WaitGroup
 
-	connIDRelay          nbnet.ConnectionID
-	connIDICE            nbnet.ConnectionID
-	beforeAddPeerHooks   []nbnet.AddHookFunc
-	afterRemovePeerHooks []nbnet.RemoveHookFunc
 	// used to store the remote Rosenpass key for Relayed connection in case of connection update from ice
 	rosenpassRemoteKey []byte
 
@@ -267,8 +262,6 @@ func (conn *Conn) Close(signalToRemote bool) {
 		conn.Log.Errorf("failed to remove wg endpoint: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	conn.freeUpConnID()
-
 	if conn.evalStatus() == StatusConnected && conn.onDisconnected != nil {
 		conn.onDisconnected(conn.config.WgConfig.RemoteKey)
 	}
@@ -293,13 +286,6 @@ func (conn *Conn) OnRemoteCandidate(candidate ice.Candidate, haRoutes route.HAMa
 	conn.workerICE.OnRemoteCandidate(candidate, haRoutes)
 }
 
-func (conn *Conn) AddBeforeAddPeerHook(hook nbnet.AddHookFunc) {
-	conn.beforeAddPeerHooks = append(conn.beforeAddPeerHooks, hook)
-}
-func (conn *Conn) AddAfterRemovePeerHook(hook nbnet.RemoveHookFunc) {
-	conn.afterRemovePeerHooks = append(conn.afterRemovePeerHooks, hook)
-}
-
 // SetOnConnected sets a handler function to be triggered by Conn when a new connection to a remote peer established
 func (conn *Conn) SetOnConnected(handler func(remoteWireGuardKey string, remoteRosenpassPubKey []byte, wireGuardIP string, remoteRosenpassAddr string)) {
 	conn.onConnected = handler
@@ -387,10 +373,6 @@ func (conn *Conn) onICEConnectionIsReady(priority conntype.ConnPriority, iceConn
 		ep = directEp
 	}
 
-	if err := conn.runBeforeAddPeerHooks(ep.IP); err != nil {
-		conn.Log.Errorf("Before add peer hook failed: %v", err)
-	}
-
 	conn.workerRelay.DisableWgWatcher()
 	// todo consider to run conn.wgWatcherWg.Wait() here
 
@@ -503,10 +485,6 @@ func (conn *Conn) onRelayConnectionIsReady(rci RelayConnInfo) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	if err := conn.runBeforeAddPeerHooks(wgProxy.EndpointAddr().IP); err != nil {
-		conn.Log.Errorf("Before add peer hook failed: %v", err)
-	}
-
 	wgProxy.Work()
 	if err := conn.configureWGEndpoint(wgProxy.EndpointAddr(), rci.rosenpassPubKey); err != nil {
 		if err := wgProxy.CloseConn(); err != nil {
@@ -707,36 +685,6 @@ func (conn *Conn) isConnectedOnAllWay() (connected bool) {
 	return true
 }
 
-func (conn *Conn) runBeforeAddPeerHooks(ip net.IP) error {
-	conn.connIDICE = nbnet.GenerateConnID()
-	for _, hook := range conn.beforeAddPeerHooks {
-		if err := hook(conn.connIDICE, ip); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (conn *Conn) freeUpConnID() {
-	if conn.connIDRelay != "" {
-		for _, hook := range conn.afterRemovePeerHooks {
-			if err := hook(conn.connIDRelay); err != nil {
-				conn.Log.Errorf("After remove peer hook failed: %v", err)
-			}
-		}
-		conn.connIDRelay = ""
-	}
-
-	if conn.connIDICE != "" {
-		for _, hook := range conn.afterRemovePeerHooks {
-			if err := hook(conn.connIDICE); err != nil {
-				conn.Log.Errorf("After remove peer hook failed: %v", err)
-			}
-		}
-		conn.connIDICE = ""
-	}
-}
-
 func (conn *Conn) newProxy(remoteConn net.Conn) (wgproxy.Proxy, error) {
 	conn.Log.Debugf("setup proxied WireGuard connection")
 	udpAddr := &net.UDPAddr{
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/client/client_test.go b/client/internal/routemanager/client/client_test.go
index ec8e0e944..850f6691f 100644
--- a/client/internal/routemanager/client/client_test.go
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/client/client_test.go
@@ -812,7 +812,7 @@ func TestGetBestrouteFromStatuses(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 
 			params := common.HandlerParams{
-				Route:               &route.Route{Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.0.0/24")},
+				Route: &route.Route{Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.0.0/24")},
 			}
 			// create new clientNetwork
 			client := &Watcher{
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/manager.go b/client/internal/routemanager/manager.go
index e0974ab2a..e51778811 100644
--- a/client/internal/routemanager/manager.go
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/manager.go
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ import (
 
 // Manager is a route manager interface
 type Manager interface {
-	Init() (nbnet.AddHookFunc, nbnet.RemoveHookFunc, error)
+	Init() error
 	UpdateRoutes(updateSerial uint64, serverRoutes map[route.ID]*route.Route, clientRoutes route.HAMap, useNewDNSRoute bool) error
 	ClassifyRoutes(newRoutes []*route.Route) (map[route.ID]*route.Route, route.HAMap)
 	TriggerSelection(route.HAMap)
@@ -201,11 +201,11 @@ func (m *DefaultManager) setupRefCounters(useNoop bool) {
 }
 
 // Init sets up the routing
-func (m *DefaultManager) Init() (nbnet.AddHookFunc, nbnet.RemoveHookFunc, error) {
+func (m *DefaultManager) Init() error {
 	m.routeSelector = m.initSelector()
 
 	if nbnet.CustomRoutingDisabled() || m.disableClientRoutes {
-		return nil, nil, nil
+		return nil
 	}
 
 	if err := m.sysOps.CleanupRouting(nil); err != nil {
@@ -219,13 +219,12 @@ func (m *DefaultManager) Init() (nbnet.AddHookFunc, nbnet.RemoveHookFunc, error)
 
 	ips := resolveURLsToIPs(initialAddresses)
 
-	beforePeerHook, afterPeerHook, err := m.sysOps.SetupRouting(ips, m.stateManager)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("setup routing: %w", err)
+	if err := m.sysOps.SetupRouting(ips, m.stateManager); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("setup routing: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	log.Info("Routing setup complete")
-	return beforePeerHook, afterPeerHook, nil
+	return nil
 }
 
 func (m *DefaultManager) initSelector() *routeselector.RouteSelector {
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/manager_test.go b/client/internal/routemanager/manager_test.go
index 486ee080a..2f13c2134 100644
--- a/client/internal/routemanager/manager_test.go
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/manager_test.go
@@ -430,7 +430,7 @@ func TestManagerUpdateRoutes(t *testing.T) {
 				StatusRecorder: statusRecorder,
 			})
 
-			_, _, err = routeManager.Init()
+			err = routeManager.Init()
 
 			require.NoError(t, err, "should init route manager")
 			defer routeManager.Stop(nil)
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/mock.go b/client/internal/routemanager/mock.go
index 4e182f82c..be633c3fa 100644
--- a/client/internal/routemanager/mock.go
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/mock.go
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routeselector"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/statemanager"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/net"
 )
 
 // MockManager is the mock instance of a route manager
@@ -23,8 +22,8 @@ type MockManager struct {
 	StopFunc                     func(manager *statemanager.Manager)
 }
 
-func (m *MockManager) Init() (net.AddHookFunc, net.RemoveHookFunc, error) {
-	return nil, nil, nil
+func (m *MockManager) Init() error {
+	return nil
 }
 
 // InitialRouteRange mock implementation of InitialRouteRange from Manager interface
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/notifier/notifier_other.go b/client/internal/routemanager/notifier/notifier_other.go
index 77045b839..0521e3dc2 100644
--- a/client/internal/routemanager/notifier/notifier_other.go
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/notifier/notifier_other.go
@@ -33,4 +33,4 @@ func (n *Notifier) OnNewPrefixes(prefixes []netip.Prefix) {
 
 func (n *Notifier) GetInitialRouteRanges() []string {
 	return []string{}
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops.go b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops.go
index 106c520da..b91348e94 100644
--- a/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops.go
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops.go
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"net/netip"
 	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/notifier"
@@ -56,6 +57,10 @@ type SysOps struct {
 	// seq is an atomic counter for generating unique sequence numbers for route messages
 	//nolint:unused // only used on BSD systems
 	seq atomic.Uint32
+
+	localSubnetsCache     []*net.IPNet
+	localSubnetsCacheMu   sync.RWMutex
+	localSubnetsCacheTime time.Time
 }
 
 func NewSysOps(wgInterface wgIface, notifier *notifier.Notifier) *SysOps {
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_android.go b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_android.go
index ca8aea3fb..a375ce832 100644
--- a/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_android.go
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_android.go
@@ -10,11 +10,10 @@ import (
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/statemanager"
-	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/net"
 )
 
-func (r *SysOps) SetupRouting([]net.IP, *statemanager.Manager) (nbnet.AddHookFunc, nbnet.RemoveHookFunc, error) {
-	return nil, nil, nil
+func (r *SysOps) SetupRouting([]net.IP, *statemanager.Manager) error {
+	return nil
 }
 
 func (r *SysOps) CleanupRouting(*statemanager.Manager) error {
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_generic.go b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_generic.go
index d223a27b2..128afa2a5 100644
--- a/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_generic.go
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_generic.go
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"net/netip"
 	"runtime"
 	"strconv"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror"
 	"github.com/libp2p/go-netroute"
@@ -24,6 +25,8 @@ import (
 	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/net"
 )
 
+const localSubnetsCacheTTL = 15 * time.Minute
+
 var splitDefaultv4_1 = netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv4Unspecified(), 1)
 var splitDefaultv4_2 = netip.PrefixFrom(netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{128}), 1)
 var splitDefaultv6_1 = netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv6Unspecified(), 1)
@@ -31,7 +34,7 @@ var splitDefaultv6_2 = netip.PrefixFrom(netip.AddrFrom16([16]byte{0x80}), 1)
 
 var ErrRoutingIsSeparate = errors.New("routing is separate")
 
-func (r *SysOps) setupRefCounter(initAddresses []net.IP, stateManager *statemanager.Manager) (nbnet.AddHookFunc, nbnet.RemoveHookFunc, error) {
+func (r *SysOps) setupRefCounter(initAddresses []net.IP, stateManager *statemanager.Manager) error {
 	stateManager.RegisterState(&ShutdownState{})
 
 	initialNextHopV4, err := GetNextHop(netip.IPv4Unspecified())
@@ -75,7 +78,10 @@ func (r *SysOps) setupRefCounter(initAddresses []net.IP, stateManager *statemana
 
 	r.refCounter = refCounter
 
-	return r.setupHooks(initAddresses, stateManager)
+	if err := r.setupHooks(initAddresses, stateManager); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("setup hooks: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
 }
 
 // updateState updates state on every change so it will be persisted regularly
@@ -128,18 +134,14 @@ func (r *SysOps) addRouteToNonVPNIntf(prefix netip.Prefix, vpnIntf wgIface, init
 		return Nexthop{}, fmt.Errorf("get next hop: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	log.Debugf("Found next hop %s for prefix %s with interface %v", nexthop.IP, prefix, nexthop.IP)
-	exitNextHop := Nexthop{
-		IP:   nexthop.IP,
-		Intf: nexthop.Intf,
-	}
+	log.Debugf("Found next hop %s for prefix %s with interface %v", nexthop.IP, prefix, nexthop.Intf)
+	exitNextHop := nexthop
 
 	vpnAddr := vpnIntf.Address().IP
 
 	// if next hop is the VPN address or the interface is the VPN interface, we should use the initial values
 	if exitNextHop.IP == vpnAddr || exitNextHop.Intf != nil && exitNextHop.Intf.Name == vpnIntf.Name() {
 		log.Debugf("Route for prefix %s is pointing to the VPN interface, using initial next hop %v", prefix, initialNextHop)
-
 		exitNextHop = initialNextHop
 	}
 
@@ -152,12 +154,37 @@ func (r *SysOps) addRouteToNonVPNIntf(prefix netip.Prefix, vpnIntf wgIface, init
 }
 
 func (r *SysOps) isPrefixInLocalSubnets(prefix netip.Prefix) (bool, *net.IPNet) {
+	r.localSubnetsCacheMu.RLock()
+	cacheAge := time.Since(r.localSubnetsCacheTime)
+	subnets := r.localSubnetsCache
+	r.localSubnetsCacheMu.RUnlock()
+
+	if cacheAge > localSubnetsCacheTTL || subnets == nil {
+		r.localSubnetsCacheMu.Lock()
+		if time.Since(r.localSubnetsCacheTime) > localSubnetsCacheTTL || r.localSubnetsCache == nil {
+			r.refreshLocalSubnetsCache()
+		}
+		subnets = r.localSubnetsCache
+		r.localSubnetsCacheMu.Unlock()
+	}
+
+	for _, subnet := range subnets {
+		if subnet.Contains(prefix.Addr().AsSlice()) {
+			return true, subnet
+		}
+	}
+
+	return false, nil
+}
+
+func (r *SysOps) refreshLocalSubnetsCache() {
 	localInterfaces, err := net.Interfaces()
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("Failed to get local interfaces: %v", err)
-		return false, nil
+		return
 	}
 
+	var newSubnets []*net.IPNet
 	for _, intf := range localInterfaces {
 		addrs, err := intf.Addrs()
 		if err != nil {
@@ -171,14 +198,12 @@ func (r *SysOps) isPrefixInLocalSubnets(prefix netip.Prefix) (bool, *net.IPNet)
 				log.Errorf("Failed to convert address to IPNet: %v", addr)
 				continue
 			}
-
-			if ipnet.Contains(prefix.Addr().AsSlice()) {
-				return true, ipnet
-			}
+			newSubnets = append(newSubnets, ipnet)
 		}
 	}
 
-	return false, nil
+	r.localSubnetsCache = newSubnets
+	r.localSubnetsCacheTime = time.Now()
 }
 
 // genericAddVPNRoute adds a new route to the vpn interface, it splits the default prefix
@@ -264,7 +289,7 @@ func (r *SysOps) genericRemoveVPNRoute(prefix netip.Prefix, intf *net.Interface)
 	return r.removeFromRouteTable(prefix, nextHop)
 }
 
-func (r *SysOps) setupHooks(initAddresses []net.IP, stateManager *statemanager.Manager) (nbnet.AddHookFunc, nbnet.RemoveHookFunc, error) {
+func (r *SysOps) setupHooks(initAddresses []net.IP, stateManager *statemanager.Manager) error {
 	beforeHook := func(connID nbnet.ConnectionID, ip net.IP) error {
 		prefix, err := util.GetPrefixFromIP(ip)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -289,9 +314,11 @@ func (r *SysOps) setupHooks(initAddresses []net.IP, stateManager *statemanager.M
 		return nil
 	}
 
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+
 	for _, ip := range initAddresses {
 		if err := beforeHook("init", ip); err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("Failed to add route reference: %v", err)
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("add initial route for %s: %w", ip, err))
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -300,11 +327,11 @@ func (r *SysOps) setupHooks(initAddresses []net.IP, stateManager *statemanager.M
 			return ctx.Err()
 		}
 
-		var result *multierror.Error
+		var merr *multierror.Error
 		for _, ip := range resolvedIPs {
-			result = multierror.Append(result, beforeHook(connID, ip.IP))
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, beforeHook(connID, ip.IP))
 		}
-		return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(result)
+		return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
 	})
 
 	nbnet.AddDialerCloseHook(func(connID nbnet.ConnectionID, conn *net.Conn) error {
@@ -319,7 +346,16 @@ func (r *SysOps) setupHooks(initAddresses []net.IP, stateManager *statemanager.M
 		return afterHook(connID)
 	})
 
-	return beforeHook, afterHook, nil
+	nbnet.AddListenerAddressRemoveHook(func(connID nbnet.ConnectionID, prefix netip.Prefix) error {
+		if _, err := r.refCounter.Decrement(prefix); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("remove route reference: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		r.updateState(stateManager)
+		return nil
+	})
+
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
 }
 
 func GetNextHop(ip netip.Addr) (Nexthop, error) {
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_generic_test.go b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_generic_test.go
index 2a57e6044..c1c1182bc 100644
--- a/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_generic_test.go
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_generic_test.go
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ func TestAddVPNRoute(t *testing.T) {
 			wgInterface := createWGInterface(t, fmt.Sprintf("utun53%d", n), "100.65.75.2/24", 33100+n)
 
 			r := NewSysOps(wgInterface, nil)
-			_, _, err := r.SetupRouting(nil, nil)
+			err := r.SetupRouting(nil, nil)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 			t.Cleanup(func() {
 				assert.NoError(t, r.CleanupRouting(nil))
@@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ func TestAddRouteToNonVPNIntf(t *testing.T) {
 			wgInterface := createWGInterface(t, fmt.Sprintf("utun54%d", n), "100.65.75.2/24", 33200+n)
 
 			r := NewSysOps(wgInterface, nil)
-			_, _, err := r.SetupRouting(nil, nil)
+			err := r.SetupRouting(nil, nil)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 			t.Cleanup(func() {
 				assert.NoError(t, r.CleanupRouting(nil))
@@ -484,7 +484,7 @@ func setupTestEnv(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	r := NewSysOps(wgInterface, nil)
-	_, _, err := r.SetupRouting(nil, nil)
+	err := r.SetupRouting(nil, nil)
 	require.NoError(t, err, "setupRouting should not return err")
 	t.Cleanup(func() {
 		assert.NoError(t, r.CleanupRouting(nil))
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_ios.go b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_ios.go
index bf06f3739..10356eae0 100644
--- a/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_ios.go
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_ios.go
@@ -10,14 +10,13 @@ import (
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/statemanager"
-	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/net"
 )
 
-func (r *SysOps) SetupRouting([]net.IP, *statemanager.Manager) (nbnet.AddHookFunc, nbnet.RemoveHookFunc, error) {
+func (r *SysOps) SetupRouting([]net.IP, *statemanager.Manager) error {
 	r.mu.Lock()
 	defer r.mu.Unlock()
 	r.prefixes = make(map[netip.Prefix]struct{})
-	return nil, nil, nil
+	return nil
 }
 
 func (r *SysOps) CleanupRouting(*statemanager.Manager) error {
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_linux.go b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_linux.go
index b48cfa242..711f1d758 100644
--- a/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_linux.go
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_linux.go
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ func getSetupRules() []ruleParams {
 // Rule 2 (VPN Traffic Routing): Directs all remaining traffic to the 'NetbirdVPNTableID' custom routing table.
 // This table is where a default route or other specific routes received from the management server are configured,
 // enabling VPN connectivity.
-func (r *SysOps) SetupRouting(initAddresses []net.IP, stateManager *statemanager.Manager) (_ nbnet.AddHookFunc, _ nbnet.RemoveHookFunc, err error) {
+func (r *SysOps) SetupRouting(initAddresses []net.IP, stateManager *statemanager.Manager) (err error) {
 	if !nbnet.AdvancedRouting() {
 		log.Infof("Using legacy routing setup")
 		return r.setupRefCounter(initAddresses, stateManager)
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ func (r *SysOps) SetupRouting(initAddresses []net.IP, stateManager *statemanager
 	rules := getSetupRules()
 	for _, rule := range rules {
 		if err := addRule(rule); err != nil {
-			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("%s: %w", rule.description, err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("%s: %w", rule.description, err)
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ func (r *SysOps) SetupRouting(initAddresses []net.IP, stateManager *statemanager
 	}
 	originalSysctl = originalValues
 
-	return nil, nil, nil
+	return nil
 }
 
 // CleanupRouting performs a thorough cleanup of the routing configuration established by 'setupRouting'.
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_unix.go b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_unix.go
index 46e5ca915..f165f7779 100644
--- a/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_unix.go
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_unix.go
@@ -18,10 +18,9 @@ import (
 	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/statemanager"
-	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/net"
 )
 
-func (r *SysOps) SetupRouting(initAddresses []net.IP, stateManager *statemanager.Manager) (nbnet.AddHookFunc, nbnet.RemoveHookFunc, error) {
+func (r *SysOps) SetupRouting(initAddresses []net.IP, stateManager *statemanager.Manager) error {
 	return r.setupRefCounter(initAddresses, stateManager)
 }
 
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_windows.go b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_windows.go
index 11eaa435e..7afac9ae5 100644
--- a/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_windows.go
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_windows.go
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ import (
 	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/statemanager"
-	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/net"
 )
 
 const InfiniteLifetime = 0xffffffff
@@ -137,7 +136,7 @@ const (
 	RouteDeleted
 )
 
-func (r *SysOps) SetupRouting(initAddresses []net.IP, stateManager *statemanager.Manager) (nbnet.AddHookFunc, nbnet.RemoveHookFunc, error) {
+func (r *SysOps) SetupRouting(initAddresses []net.IP, stateManager *statemanager.Manager) error {
 	return r.setupRefCounter(initAddresses, stateManager)
 }
 
diff --git a/util/net/listener_listen.go b/util/net/listener_listen.go
index efffba40e..dc99fbd68 100644
--- a/util/net/listener_listen.go
+++ b/util/net/listener_listen.go
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
+	"net/netip"
 	"sync"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
@@ -17,11 +18,16 @@ type ListenerWriteHookFunc func(connID ConnectionID, ip *net.IPAddr, data []byte
 // ListenerCloseHookFunc defines the function signature for close hooks for PacketConn.
 type ListenerCloseHookFunc func(connID ConnectionID, conn net.PacketConn) error
 
+// ListenerAddressRemoveHookFunc defines the function signature for hooks called when addresses are removed.
+type ListenerAddressRemoveHookFunc func(connID ConnectionID, prefix netip.Prefix) error
+
 var (
-	listenerWriteHooksMutex sync.RWMutex
-	listenerWriteHooks      []ListenerWriteHookFunc
-	listenerCloseHooksMutex sync.RWMutex
-	listenerCloseHooks      []ListenerCloseHookFunc
+	listenerWriteHooksMutex         sync.RWMutex
+	listenerWriteHooks              []ListenerWriteHookFunc
+	listenerCloseHooksMutex         sync.RWMutex
+	listenerCloseHooks              []ListenerCloseHookFunc
+	listenerAddressRemoveHooksMutex sync.RWMutex
+	listenerAddressRemoveHooks      []ListenerAddressRemoveHookFunc
 )
 
 // AddListenerWriteHook allows adding a new write hook to be executed before a UDP packet is sent.
@@ -38,7 +44,14 @@ func AddListenerCloseHook(hook ListenerCloseHookFunc) {
 	listenerCloseHooks = append(listenerCloseHooks, hook)
 }
 
-// RemoveListenerHooks removes all dialer hooks.
+// AddListenerAddressRemoveHook allows adding a new hook to be executed when an address is removed.
+func AddListenerAddressRemoveHook(hook ListenerAddressRemoveHookFunc) {
+	listenerAddressRemoveHooksMutex.Lock()
+	defer listenerAddressRemoveHooksMutex.Unlock()
+	listenerAddressRemoveHooks = append(listenerAddressRemoveHooks, hook)
+}
+
+// RemoveListenerHooks removes all listener hooks.
 func RemoveListenerHooks() {
 	listenerWriteHooksMutex.Lock()
 	defer listenerWriteHooksMutex.Unlock()
@@ -47,6 +60,10 @@ func RemoveListenerHooks() {
 	listenerCloseHooksMutex.Lock()
 	defer listenerCloseHooksMutex.Unlock()
 	listenerCloseHooks = nil
+
+	listenerAddressRemoveHooksMutex.Lock()
+	defer listenerAddressRemoveHooksMutex.Unlock()
+	listenerAddressRemoveHooks = nil
 }
 
 // ListenPacket listens on the network address and returns a PacketConn
@@ -61,6 +78,7 @@ func (l *ListenerConfig) ListenPacket(ctx context.Context, network, address stri
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("listen packet: %w", err)
 	}
 	connID := GenerateConnID()
+
 	return &PacketConn{PacketConn: pc, ID: connID, seenAddrs: &sync.Map{}}, nil
 }
 
@@ -102,6 +120,45 @@ func (c *UDPConn) Close() error {
 	return closeConn(c.ID, c.UDPConn)
 }
 
+// WrapUDPConn wraps an existing *net.UDPConn with nbnet functionality
+func WrapUDPConn(conn *net.UDPConn) *UDPConn {
+	return &UDPConn{
+		UDPConn:   conn,
+		ID:        GenerateConnID(),
+		seenAddrs: &sync.Map{},
+	}
+}
+
+// RemoveAddress removes an address from the seen cache and triggers removal hooks.
+func (c *UDPConn) RemoveAddress(addr string) {
+	if _, exists := c.seenAddrs.LoadAndDelete(addr); !exists {
+		return
+	}
+
+	ipStr, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(addr)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("Error splitting IP address and port: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	ipAddr, err := netip.ParseAddr(ipStr)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("Error parsing IP address %s: %v", ipStr, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	prefix := netip.PrefixFrom(ipAddr, ipAddr.BitLen())
+
+	listenerAddressRemoveHooksMutex.RLock()
+	defer listenerAddressRemoveHooksMutex.RUnlock()
+
+	for _, hook := range listenerAddressRemoveHooks {
+		if err := hook(c.ID, prefix); err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("Error executing listener address remove hook: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func callWriteHooks(id ConnectionID, seenAddrs *sync.Map, b []byte, addr net.Addr) {
 	// Lookup the address in the seenAddrs map to avoid calling the hooks for every write
 	if _, loaded := seenAddrs.LoadOrStore(addr.String(), true); !loaded {
diff --git a/util/net/listener_listen_ios.go b/util/net/listener_listen_ios.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3cbd2cd71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/net/listener_listen_ios.go
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package net
+
+import (
+	"net"
+)
+
+// WrapUDPConn on iOS just returns the original connection since iOS handles its own networking
+func WrapUDPConn(conn *net.UDPConn) *net.UDPConn {
+	return conn
+}