Migrate install scripts to "four simple steps"

It is only now that I realize that the Arch Wiki is divided into four
steps: Pre-installation, Installation, Configuration, and
Post-installation. This commit changes my install scripts to follow that
same structure, overall making things a lot easier to both understand
and maintain as a whole.

scripts/arch/001-preinstall

@@ -1,17 +1,18 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 #
-# Make a DOS partition table with one primary ext4 partition and
-# enable boot for it. Then, create a primary swap partition with
-# the remaining disk space.
-#
-# For example, if your hard drive is 512GB then you'd allocate
-# just under that for the ext4 partition and the remaining GB to
-# swap, depending on how much you think you'll need.
+# This script assumes you already have an active internet connection
+# (preferably through Ethernet).
 #
 # https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installation_guide
 
 set -xe
 
+# Sync the time with one online before doing anything
+timedatectl set-ntp true
+
+# Make a DOS partition table with one primary ext4 partition and
+# enable boot for it. Then, create a primary swap partition with
+# the remaining disk space.
 parted /dev/sda mklabel msdos
 
 parted /dev/sda mkpart primary ext4 1MiB 60GiB
@@ -19,3 +20,14 @@ parted /dev/sda mkpart primary ext4 1MiB 60GiB
 parted /dev/sda set 1 boot on
 
 parted /dev/sda mkpart primary linux-swap 60GiB 100%
+
+# Format sda1 with ext4 and sda2 with swap
+mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sda1
+
+mkswap /dev/sda2
+
+# Enable the swap partition
+swapon /dev/sda2
+
+# Mount the newly created file system (/dev/sda1) to /mnt.
+mount /dev/sda1 /mnt

scripts/arch/003-configure

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Once this script finishes, change the root password with passwd,
+# then unmount /mnt (with umount) and restart the system.
+#
+# https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installation_guide
+
+set -xe
+
+$HOSTNAME = "arch"
+
+# Generate the fstab file (so the filesystem is mounted on boot)
+genfstab -U /mnt > /mnt/etc/fstab
+
+# Set the timezone
+arch-chroot /mnt ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/America/New_York /etc/localtime
+
+# Generate /etc/adjtime
+arch-chroot /mnt hwclock --systohc
+
+# Set the hostname
+echo "$HOSTNAME" > /mnt/etc/hostname
+
+# Configure the hosts file (if your system has a permanent IP address, use that instead of 127.0.1.1)
+echo "127.0.0.1 localhost"                          >> /mnt/etc/hosts
+echo "::1       localhost"                          >> /mnt/etc/hosts
+echo "127.0.1.1 $HOSTNAME.localdomain $HOSTNAME"    >> /mnt/etc/hosts
+
+# Set the language to English and use the en_US.UTF-8 locale.
+echo "LANG=en_US.UTF-8"  > /mnt/etc/locale.conf
+echo "en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8" > /mnt/etc/locale.gen
+
+# Generate the locale.
+arch-chroot /mnt locale-gen
+
+# Explicitly set the keymap to US.
+echo "KEYMAP=us" > /mnt/etc/vconsole.conf
+
+# Change the terminal font to a larger one (`latarcyrheb-sun32` is also an option)
+echo "FONT=ter-132n" >> /mnt/etc/vconsole.conf
+
+# Install grub to the primary partition.
+arch-chroot /mnt grub-install /dev/sda
+
+# Prevent the GRUB window from showing at boot, ideal for single OS machines (undo with chroot and mkconfig)
+sed -i '/GRUB_TIMEOUT/c\GRUB_TIMEOUT=0' /mnt/etc/default/grub
+
+# This should make the startup process not output anything (not tested)
+sed -i '/GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT/c\GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet show_status=0 rd.udev.log-priority=3 loglevel=3"' /mnt/etc/default/grub
+
+# Make the configuration file for grub.
+arch-chroot /mnt grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
+
+# Change the shell of the root account to fish.
+arch-chroot /mnt chsh -s /usr/bin/fish
+
+# Save our hardware information with mkinitcpio. This creates
+# an initial ramdisk environment that allows us to boot the
+# Linux kernel.
+arch-chroot /mnt mkinitcpio -p linux

scripts/arch/004-postinstall

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Common post-install system configuration that doesn't involve any
+# external packages (besides fish)
+#
+# https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/General_recommendations
+
+set -xe
+
+$USERNAME = "hello"
+
+# Start and enable the DHCP client daemon service
+systemctl start dhcpcd.service
+systemctl enable dhcpcd.service
+
+# Set the timezone with systemd, and sync it periodically with a remote server
+timedatectl set-timezone America/New_York
+timedatectl set-ntp true
+
+# Font settings (https://old.reddit.com/r/archlinux/comments/5r5ep8)
+ln -s /etc/fonts/conf.avail/70-no-bitmaps.conf          /etc/fonts/conf.d   # Disable embedded bitmaps for all fonts
+ln -s /etc/fonts/conf.avail/10-sub-pixel-rgb.conf       /etc/fonts/conf.d   # Enable sub-pixel RGB rendering
+ln -s /etc/fonts/conf.avail/11-lcdfilter-default.conf   /etc/fonts/conf.d   # Enable the LCD filter (reduces color fringing)
+
+# Change the systemd wait time from 90s to 30s, mitigating a potential hang at shutdown
+echo "DefaultTimeoutStartSec=30s" >> /etc/systemd/system.conf
+echo "DefaultTimeoutStopSec=30s"  >> /etc/systemd/system.conf
+
+# Enable colors in pacman by uncommenting the Color line.
+sed -i '/Color/s/^#//g' /etc/pacman.conf
+
+# Give users in the wheel group permission to use sudo
+echo "%wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL" >> /etc/sudoers
+
+# Create a new user account with sudo privileges and the fish shell.
+arch-chroot /mnt useradd -m -g users -G wheel -s /usr/bin/fish $USERNAME
+
+# Then, set the password equal to the username (change this later).
+echo "$USERNAME:$USERNAME" | chpasswd

sh/install/001-checks

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-#
-# Sync the time with one online so we have the proper
-# time before doing anything. Make sure you're connected
-# to the internet first.
-#
-# https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installation_guide
-
-set -xe
-
-timedatectl set-ntp true

sh/install/003-format

@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-#
-# Format sda1 with an ext4 partition and sda2 with a swap partition.
-# Then, enable swap for sda2.
-#
-# https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installation_guide
-
-set -xe
-
-mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sda1
-
-mkswap /dev/sda2
-
-swapon /dev/sda2

sh/install/004-mount

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-#
-# Mount the newly created filesystem (/dev/sda1) to /mnt.
-#
-# https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installation_guide
-
-set -xe
-
-mount /dev/sda1 /mnt

sh/install/006-fstab

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-#
-# Generate the fstab file so that the filesystem is
-# automatically mounted on boot.
-#
-# https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installation_guide
-
-set -xe
-
-genfstab -U /mnt > /mnt/etc/fstab

sh/install/011-hwclock

@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-#
-# Set your timezone and update the hardware clock, assuming
-# it is currently set to UTC. Note that if you want to use
-# multiple operating systems on the same hardware, you
-# shouldn't do this.
-#
-# Check whether or not your hardware clock (RTC) is localtime:
-#   timedatectl | grep local
-#
-# Change hardware clock to localtime:
-#   timedatectl set-local-rtc 1
-#
-# Change hardware clock back to UTC:
-#   timedatectl set-local-rtc 0
-#
-# Note that RTC (the hardware clock) stands for "Real Time Clock"
-#
-# https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installation_guide
-
-set -xe
-
-arch-chroot /mnt ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/America/New_York /etc/localtime
-
-arch-chroot /mnt hwclock --systohc

sh/install/012-hostname

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-#
-# Set the hostname in all the necessary places.
-#
-# Note that if your system has a permanent IP address, that
-# should be used instead of 127.0.0.1.
-#
-# https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installation_guide
-
-set -xe
-
-$HOSTNAME = "arch"
-
-echo "$HOSTNAME" > /mnt/etc/hostname
-echo "127.0.1.1 $HOSTNAME.localdomain $HOSTNAME" >> /mnt/etc/hosts
-

sh/install/013-localization

@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-#
-# Set the language to English and use the en_US.UTF-8 locale.
-# Then, generate it.
-#
-# Next, explicitly set the keymap to US.
-#
-# Note that we also change the terminal font to a bigger one
-# (terminus-font) since this setting also uses vconsole.conf.
-# Use `latarcyrheb-sun32` if you want to use the default
-# terminal font instead.
-#
-# https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installation_guide
-
-set -xe
-
-echo "LANG=en_US.UTF-8"  > /mnt/etc/locale.conf
-echo "en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8" > /mnt/etc/locale.gen
-
-arch-chroot /mnt locale-gen
-
-echo "KEYMAP=us" > /mnt/etc/vconsole.conf
-echo "FONT=ter-132n" >> /mnt/etc/vconsole.conf

sh/install/014-systemd

@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-#
-# Change the systemd wait time from 90s to 10s, preventing the
-# system from hanging at shutdown.
-#
-# https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/273876
-# https://old.reddit.com/r/archlinux/comments/4bawf7
-
-set -xe
-
-SYSTEMD="/mnt/etc/systemd/system.conf"
-
-echo "DefaultTimeoutStartSec=10s" >> $SYSTEMD
-echo "DefaultTimeoutStopSec=10s"  >> $SYSTEMD

sh/install/015-pacman

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-#
-# Enable colors in pacman by uncommenting the Color line.
-#
-# https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Color_output_in_console#pacman
-
-set -xe
-
-PACMAN="/mnt/etc/pacman.conf"
-
-sed -i '/Color/s/^#//g' $PACMAN

sh/install/021-sudo

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-#
-# Give the wheel group permission to use the sudo and su commands.
-#
-# https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Sudo
-
-set -xe
-
-echo "%wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL" >> /mnt/etc/sudoers

sh/install/022-grub

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-#
-# Install grub to the primary partition. Then, make the
-# configuration file for grub.
-#
-# https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Grub
-
-set -xe
-
-arch-chroot /mnt grub-install /dev/sda
-
-# This should work, since /etc/default/grub should exist after
-# installing the grub package with pacman, although it hasn't
-# been tested yet. This prevents the GRUB window from showing
-# at boot, which is ideal for single operating system machines.
-#
-# In the future, if you need to use grub, simply chroot into
-# your system, edit the config file, and grub-mkconfig once more.
-sed -i '/GRUB_TIMEOUT/c\GRUB_TIMEOUT=0' /etc/default/grub
-
-arch-chroot /mnt grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

sh/install/023-mkinitcpio

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-#
-# Save our hardware information with mkinitcpio. This creates
-# an initial ramdisk environment that allows us to boot the
-# Linux kernel.
-#
-# https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installation_guide
-
-set -xe
-
-arch-chroot /mnt mkinitcpio -p linux

sh/install/024-chsh

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-#
-# Change the shell of the root account to fish.
-#
-# https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Command-line_shell
-
-arch-chroot /mnt chsh -s /usr/bin/fish

sh/install/025-user

@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-#
-# Create a new user account with sudo privileges and the fish shell.
-# Then, and add a password to it.
-#
-# Note that the default password will be the same as your username.
-#
-# To change the root password, use passwd.
-# To change the new user's password, use passwd <username>.
-#
-# https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Password
-
-set -xe
-
-$USERNAME = "hello"
-
-arch-chroot /mnt useradd -m -g users -G wheel -s /usr/bin/fish $USERNAME
-
-# This is a workaround to the problem of using pipes with arch-chroot
-echo "echo $USERNAME:$USERNAME | chpasswd" > /mnt/root/chpasswd.sh
-chmod +x /mnt/root/chpasswd.sh
-arch-chroot /mnt /root/chpasswd.sh
-rm /mnt/root/chpasswd.sh

sh/install/026-cleanup

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-#
-# The installation process is done. Unmount the filesystem and
-# restart the computer in order to boot into the new system.
-#
-# Alternatively, you can perform more operations with chroot
-# before you unmount and reboot.
-#
-# https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installation_guide
-
-set -xe
-
-umount /mnt
-
-reboot