Update vim.md with various commands used often

help/vim.md

@@ -7,27 +7,174 @@ For some vim commands, I use a `<leader>` keybinding as an alternative since I f
 ## Starting vim
 
 - Open a file at a particular line number: `vim +<number> <file>`
+- Open multiple files in separate tabs: `vim -p <files>`
+- Open all files that contain the function / variable / string `str` in the current directory: `vim -p "grep -l <str> [files]"`
+    - Note that `[files]` is optional, allowing you to only search for e.g. `*.js` files
+    - Also note that you should use "\`" instead of quotation marks
+- Compare two files side by side for differences between the two: `vim -d <file1> <file2>`
 
 ## Movement Keys
 
-### Inserting Things
+- Go to the beginning of the file: `gg`
+- Go to the end of the file: `G`
+- Go to the beginning of the line: `0`
+- Go to the first non-whitespace character: `^`
+- Go to the end of the line: `$`
+- Go to the next word: `w`
+- Go to the next big word: `W`
+- Go to the previous word: `b`
+- Go to the previous big word: `B`
+- Go to the next end of a word: `e`
+- Go to the next end of a big word: `E`
+- Go to the previous sentence: `(`
+- Go to the next sentence: `)`
+- Go to the previous paragraph: `{`
+- Go to the next paragraph: `}`
 
-- Insert before the cursor:             `i`
-- Insert at the beginning of the line:  `I`
-- Insert after the cursor:              `a`
-- Insert at the end of the line:        `A`
+Note that `0` is sometimes called the **hard beginning of line** and `^` is sometimes called the **soft beginning of line**.
+
+Note that you can also go to a specific line number with `5gg` or `5G`, but you should really be using other keys like `/` instead.
+
+- Go to the previous line: `k`
+- Go to the next line: `j`
+- Go to the previous letter: `h`
+- Go to the next letter: `l`
+
+Note that a letter in vim refers to the characters in the file.
+
+These keys may also be used similar to movement keys, although you should really be using the other keys instead.
+
+Note that you can chain numbers with the movement keys, such as `5j` to move down 5 lines, although you should really be using the other keys instead.
+
+Note that you should avoid mapping `j` to `gj` (same for `k` to `gk`). It encourages bad practice and defeats the purpose of using vim.
+
+## Chained Commands
+
+- Copying things: `y + <MOTION>`
+    - Copy the current line: `yy`
+    - Copy the next 5 lines: `y5y`
+    - Copy the current word: `yw`
+    - Copy to the end of the line: `y$`
+    - Copy inside of the tag: `yit`
+    - Copy all of the tag: `yat`
+- Deleting things: `d + <MOTION>`
+    - Delete the current line: `dd`
+    - Delete the current word: `dw`
+    - Delete the next 5 words: `d5w`
+    - Delete up to the period: `dt.`
+    - Delete up to and including the period: `df.`
+    - Delete inside of the square brackets: `di[`
+    - Delete all of the curly braces: `da{`
+- Changing things: `c + <MOTION>`
+    - Change the current line: `cc`
+    - Change the current word: `cw`
+    - Change the next 5 words: `c5w`
+    - Change the next 5 letters: `c5l`
+    - Change inside the quotation marks: `ci"`
+    - Change all of the parentheses: `ca(`
+    - Change up until the question mark: `ct?`
+    - Change up to and including the question mark: `cf?`
+
+`c` is functionally similar to `d`, but also leaves you in insert mode to change things.
+
+Note that `ci<block>` and `ca<block>` work for pretty much anything, including `{`, `[`, and `t` (for `<tags>`).
+
+## Basic Commands
+
+- Undo the last action: `u`
+- Redo the last action: `<C-r>`
+- Paste below the current line: `p`
+- Paste above the current line: `P`
+- Delete the current character: `x`
+- Backspace from the cursor position: `X`
+
+Note: If you only copied part of a line, then `p` and `P` will paste after and before the cursor respectfully.
+
+Note that if you want to paste from the system clipboard (i.e. not vim), then you must use `<C-S-v>` in insert mode.
+
+## Inserting Things
+
+- Insert before the cursor:                 `i`
+- Insert at the beginning of the line:      `I`
+- Insert after the cursor:                  `a`
+- Insert at the end of the line:            `A`
+- Insert below the current line:            `o`
+- Insert above the current line:            `O`
+- Replace the character under the cursor:   `r`
+- Enter replace mode, replacing the characters you type over: `R`
+
+To help remembering `a`, just know that it *appends* things (after the cursor and at the end of the line)
+
+## Working with Files
+
+Note that there are a lot of buffer commands, however, I only document the ones I actively use here.
+
+There are also a lot of window commands; however, I don't need to use most of them.
+
+Also note that vim tabs is a thing, although you really shouldn't be using them.
+
+- List all the buffers: `:ls`
+- Go to the next buffer: `:bn`
+- Go to the previous buffer: `:bp`
+- Delete the current buffer: `:bd`
+- Open a new buffer with file F: `:e <F>`
+
+TODO: Replace these commands with the ones from your plugins
+
+- Open a horizontal split: `:sp [F]`
+- Open a vertical split: `:vs [F]`
+- Open a new tab: `:tabnew [F]`
+- Switch to the next tab: `gt`
+- Switch to the previous tab: `gT`
+- Close all windows except the current one: `:only`
+
+## Visual Mode
+
+Note that you will never need to use visual mode 99.9% of the time. Use the other keys instead.
+
+- Enter visual mode: `v`
+- Enter linewise visual mode: `V`
+- Switch sides (in order to mark in the other direction): `o`
+
+Visual mode can be combined with commands such as `y`, `>`, and `d` (non-exaustive).
+
+## Other Stuff
+
+Note that commands I do not find useful are not mentioned here. Consult the help files if you really want to know all the commands in vim.
+
+- Move the current line to the middle of the screen: `zz`
+- Move the current line to the top of the screen: `zt`
+- Move the screen down half a page: `<C-d>`
+- Move the screen up half a page: `<C-u>`
+- Convert to lowercase: `gu + <MOTION>`
+- Convert to uppercase: `gU + <MOTION>`
 
 ## Indenting Things
 
+- Indent: `> + <MOTION>`
+- Outdent: `< + <MOTION>`
+
 - Indent the current line: `>>`
     - Indent the next 10 lines: `10>>`
-- Unindent the current line: `<<`
-    - Unindent the next 10 lines: `10<<`
+- Outdent the current line: `<<`
+    - Outdent the next 10 lines: `10<<`
+- Re-indent the entire file: `gg=G`
+    - `gg`: Go to the top of the file
+    - `=`: Start indenting
+    - `G`: Until the end of the file
 
 Note that all other vim movements work while indenting things as well.
 
 ## Commands
 
+### Manipulating Files
+
+- Save the current buffer: `:w`
+    - Chain `q` to save the current buffer then quit it
+    - Chain `!` to force write the currenet buffer
+- Quit the current buffer without trying to save: `:q`
+    - Chain `!` to force close the current buffer without saving it
+
 ### Syntax Highlighting
 
 - Change the syntax highlighting of the current file: `:set syntax=<syntax>`
@@ -35,8 +182,6 @@ Note that all other vim movements work while indenting things as well.
     - Note that to get the value of any variable, just add `?` to it.
 - It is possible to manually change the syntax of a file, although you shouldn't do this since plugins and other features you may have will not be loaded.
 
-## Common operations
-
 ### Commenting lines
 
 - Comment the current line:
@@ -68,3 +213,19 @@ Note that all other vim movements work while indenting things as well.
 - Open the result in a new horizontal split: `<C-x>`
 - Open the result in a new vertical split: `<C-v>`
 - Use a command in fullscreen: `:Command!`
+
+### vimtex
+
+- Change inside the command: `cic`
+- Change inside the environment: `cie`
+- Change inside the math block: `ci$`
+- Change inside the section: `ciP`
+- Go to the matching pair: `%`
+- Go to the next section: `]]`
+- Go to the previous section: `[[`
+
+## Important Things to Note
+
+- You should only be in insert mode when you are inserting text. If you are not inserting text, then you should not be in insert mode.
+- To cancel most things and switch back to normal (keybindings) mode, simply press `esc`.
+- Line numbers should NOT be important in your daily workflow and should be disabled most of the time. This lets you focus on what you need to look at: the program itself and nothing more.