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Update pacman and file permissions in commands.md

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Donovan Glover 2017-12-02 21:18:45 -05:00
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help/commands.md
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@ -40,17 +40,24 @@ Note that for all of the above, `cd` is not required.
### Other Commands ### Other Commands
- Print the working directory: `pwd` - Print the working directory: `pwd`
- Make a script executable: `chmod +x <file>`
- Termite the processes with a specific word in it: `killall -q <word>` - Termite the processes with a specific word in it: `killall -q <word>`
- Get the current time and settings: `timedatectl` - Get the current time and settings: `timedatectl`
- Show what gets executed when you run a command: `which <command>` - Show what gets executed when you run a command: `which <command>`
- Create a symbolic (soft) link between two files: `ln -s <source> <dest>` - Create a symbolic (soft) link between two files: `ln -s <source> <dest>`
- When a program references `dest`, it will link to and give `source`. - When a program references `dest`, it will link to and give `source`.
- In comparison, a hard link is when you make a copy of the file - In comparison, a hard link is when you make a copy of the file
- Change the permissions of a directory to all users: `chmod -R a+rwX dir/`
- Give permissions to the user `hello` and the group `world`: `chown -R hello:world dir/` - Give permissions to the user `hello` and the group `world`: `chown -R hello:world dir/`
- Given text input, return only unique lines (aka no duplicates): `cat <input_file> | uniq` - Given text input, return only unique lines (aka no duplicates): `cat <input_file> | uniq`
### Changing File Permissions
- Make a script executable: `chmod +x <file>`
- Change the permissions of a directory to all users: `chmod -R a+rwX dir/`
- Give anyone and everyone access to a directory: `chmod -R 777 dir/`
- Useful for deleting files that the current user can't delete
Note that you should *never* give a file or directory more permissions than needed. `a+rwX` and `777` should only be used in extreme situations where you have to change permissions before using a file. You should change the permissions back or delete the file when you're done.
### Searching Through Files ### Searching Through Files
- Search all files in a directory (and all subdirectories) for a given string: `grep -inr <search_term>` **OR** `g <search_term>` - Search all files in a directory (and all subdirectories) for a given string: `grep -inr <search_term>` **OR** `g <search_term>`
@ -151,10 +158,13 @@ Use `firejail` to sandbox a program or other piece of software. This ensures tha
### Pacaur ### Pacaur
- Install packages: `pacaur -S <packages>` Although the examples above use `pacman`, they apply for `pacaur` as well.
- Remove packages (including dependencies no longer needed): `pacaur -Rs <packages>`
- Update all packages: `pacaur -Syu` - Install packages: `pacman -S <packages>`
- Search for a specific package: `pacaur -Ss <package>` - Remove packages (including dependencies no longer needed): `pacman -Rs <packages>`
- Update all packages: `pacman -Syu`
- Search for a specific package: `pacman -Ss <package>`
- List all self-installed packages (i.e. from the AUR): `pacman -Qm`
Note that if you ever get 404s with `pacman` or `pacaur`, you need to update your local database to the new download locations with `-Syu` first. Note that if you ever get 404s with `pacman` or `pacaur`, you need to update your local database to the new download locations with `-Syu` first.