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# Flake 的 outputs {#flake-outputs}
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2023-06-23 16:22:13 +02:00
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`flake.nix` 中的 `outputs` 是一个 attribute set，是整个 Flake 的构建结果，每个 Flake 都可以有许多不同的 outputs。
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一些特定名称的 outputs 有特殊用途，会被某些 Nix 命令识别处理，比如：
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- Nix packages: 名称为 `apps.<system>.<name>`, `packages.<system>.<name>` 或 `legacyPackages.<system>.<name>` 的 outputs，都是 Nix 包，通常都是一个个应用程序。
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- 可以通过 `nix build .#name` 来构建某个 nix 包
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- Nix Helper Functions: 名称为 `lib` 的 outputs 是 Flake 函数库，可以被其他 Flake 作为 inputs 导入使用。
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- Nix development environments: 名称为 `devShells` 的 outputs 是 Nix 开发环境
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- 可以通过 `nix develop` 命令来使用该 Output 创建开发环境
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- NixOS configurations: 名称为 `nixosConfigurations.<hostname>` 的 outputs，是 NixOS 的系统配置。
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- `nixos-rebuild switch .#<hostname>` 可以使用该 Output 来部署 NixOS 系统
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- Nix templates: 名称为 `templates` 的 outputs 是 flake 模板
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- 可以通过执行命令 `nix flake init --template <reference>` 使用模板初始化一个 Flake 包
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- 其他用户自定义的 outputs，可能被其他 Nix 相关的工具使用
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NixOS Wiki 中给出的使用案例：
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```nix
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{
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inputs = {
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# ......
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2023-06-23 16:22:13 +02:00
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};
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2023-07-07 08:25:37 +02:00
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outputs = { self, ... }@inputs: {
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# Executed by `nix flake check`
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checks."<system>"."<name>" = derivation;
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# Executed by `nix build .#<name>`
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packages."<system>"."<name>" = derivation;
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# Executed by `nix build .`
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packages."<system>".default = derivation;
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# Executed by `nix run .#<name>`
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apps."<system>"."<name>" = {
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type = "app";
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program = "<store-path>";
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};
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# Executed by `nix run . -- <args?>`
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apps."<system>".default = { type = "app"; program = "..."; };
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# Formatter (alejandra, nixfmt or nixpkgs-fmt)
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formatter."<system>" = derivation;
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# Used for nixpkgs packages, also accessible via `nix build .#<name>`
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legacyPackages."<system>"."<name>" = derivation;
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# Overlay, consumed by other flakes
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overlays."<name>" = final: prev: { };
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# Default overlay
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overlays.default = {};
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# Nixos module, consumed by other flakes
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nixosModules."<name>" = { config }: { options = {}; config = {}; };
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# Default module
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nixosModules.default = {};
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# Used with `nixos-rebuild --flake .#<hostname>`
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# nixosConfigurations."<hostname>".config.system.build.toplevel must be a derivation
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nixosConfigurations."<hostname>" = {};
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# Used by `nix develop .#<name>`
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devShells."<system>"."<name>" = derivation;
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# Used by `nix develop`
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devShells."<system>".default = derivation;
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# Hydra build jobs
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hydraJobs."<attr>"."<system>" = derivation;
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# Used by `nix flake init -t <flake>#<name>`
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templates."<name>" = {
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path = "<store-path>";
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description = "template description goes here?";
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};
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# Used by `nix flake init -t <flake>`
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templates.default = { path = "<store-path>"; description = ""; };
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};
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}
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```
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