feat: nix develop

docs/development/intro.md

@@ -121,21 +121,13 @@ Here is a `flake.nix` that defines a development environment with Node.js 18 ins
     devShells."${system}".default = let
       pkgs = import nixpkgs {
         inherit system;
-        overlays = [
-          (self: super: rec {
-            nodejs = super.nodejs-18_x;
-            pnpm = super.nodePackages.pnpm;
-            yarn = (super.yarn.override { inherit nodejs; });
-          })
-        ];
       };
     in pkgs.mkShell {
-      # create an environment with nodejs-18_x, pnpm, and yarn
+      # create an environment with nodejs_18, pnpm, and yarn
       packages = with pkgs; [
-        node2nix
+        nodejs_18
-        nodejs
+        nodePackages.pnpm
-        pnpm
+        (yarn.override { nodejs = nodejs_18; })
-        yarn
       ];
 
       shellHook = ''
@@ -172,21 +164,13 @@ Here is an example:
     devShells."${system}".default = let
       pkgs = import nixpkgs {
         inherit system;
-        overlays = [
-          (self: super: rec {
-            nodejs = super.nodejs-18_x;
-            pnpm = super.nodePackages.pnpm;
-            yarn = (super.yarn.override { inherit nodejs; });
-          })
-        ];
       };
     in pkgs.mkShell {
-      # create an environment with nodejs-18_x, pnpm, and yarn
+      # create an environment with nodejs_18, pnpm, and yarn
       packages = with pkgs; [
-        node2nix
+        nodejs_18
-        nodejs
+        nodePackages.pnpm
-        pnpm
+        (yarn.override { nodejs = nodejs_18; })
-        yarn
         nushell
       ];
 
@@ -228,16 +212,10 @@ Example:
     packages."${system}".dev = let
       pkgs = import nixpkgs {
         inherit system;
-        overlays = [
-          (self: super: rec {
-            nodejs = super.nodejs_20;
-            pnpm = super.nodePackages.pnpm;
-          })
-        ];
       };
       packages = with pkgs; [
-          nodejs
+          nodejs_20
-          pnpm
+          nodePackages.pnpm
           nushell
       ];
     in pkgs.runCommand "dev-shell" {
@@ -256,6 +234,37 @@ Example:
 
 Then execute `nix run .#dev`, you will enter a nushell session, where you can use the `node` `pnpm` command normally, and the node version is 20.
 
+The wrapper generated in this way is an executable file, which does not actually depend on the `nix run` or `nix shell` command.
+
+For example, we can directly install this wrapper through NixOS's `environment.systemPackages`, and then execute it directly:
+
+```nix
+{pkgs, lib, ...}{
+
+  environment.systemPackages = [
+    # Install the wrapper into the system
+    (let
+      packages = with pkgs; [
+          nodejs_20
+          nodePackages.pnpm
+          nushell
+      ];
+    in pkgs.runCommand "dev-shell" {
+      # Dependencies that should exist in the runtime environment
+      buildInputs = packages;
+      # Dependencies that should only exist in the build environment
+      nativeBuildInputs = [ pkgs.makeWrapper ];
+    } ''
+      mkdir -p $out/bin/
+      ln -s ${pkgs.nushell}/bin/nu $out/bin/dev-shell
+      wrapProgram $out/bin/dev-shell --prefix PATH : ${pkgs.lib.makeBinPath packages}
+    '';)
+  ];
+}
+```
+
+Add the above configuration to any NixOS Module, then deploy it with `sudo nixos-rebuild switch`, and you can enter the development environment directly with the `dev-shell` command, which is the special feature of `pkgs.runCommand` compared to `pkgs.mkShell`.
+
 Related source code:
 
 - [pkgs/build-support/trivial-builders/default.nix - runCommand](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/nixos-23.11/pkgs/build-support/trivial-builders/default.nix#L21-L49)

docs/zh/development/intro.md

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
 
 在本章中我们先学习一下 Nix Flakes 开发环境的实现原理，后面的章节再按使用场景介绍一些更具体的内容。
 
-
 ## 通过 `nix shell` 创建开发环境
 
 在 NixOS 上，最简单的创建开发环境的方法是使用 `nix shell`，它会创建一个含有指定 Nix 包的 shell 环境。
@@ -127,21 +126,13 @@ stdenv.mkDerivation ({
     devShells."${system}".default = let
       pkgs = import nixpkgs {
         inherit system;
-        overlays = [
-          (self: super: rec {
-            nodejs = super.nodejs-18_x;
-            pnpm = super.nodePackages.pnpm;
-            yarn = (super.yarn.override { inherit nodejs; });
-          })
-        ];
       };
     in pkgs.mkShell {
       # create an environment with nodejs-18_x, pnpm, and yarn
       packages = with pkgs; [
-        node2nix
+        nodejs_18
-        nodejs
+        nodePackages.pnpm
-        pnpm
+        (yarn.override { nodejs = nodejs_18; })
-        yarn
       ];
 
       shellHook = ''
@@ -154,7 +145,6 @@ stdenv.mkDerivation ({
 
 建个空文件夹，将上面的配置保存为 `flake.nix`，然后执行 `nix develop`（或者更精确点，可以用 `nix develop .#default`），首先会打印出当前 nodejs 的版本，之后 `node` `pnpm` `yarn` 等命令就都能正常使用了。
 
-
 ## 在开发环境中使用 zsh/fish 等其他 shell
 
 `pkgs.mkShell` 默认使用 `bash`，但是你也可以通过在 `shellHook` 中添加 `exec <your-shell>` 来使用 `zsh` 或者 `fish` 等其他 shell。
@@ -177,21 +167,13 @@ stdenv.mkDerivation ({
     devShells."${system}".default = let
       pkgs = import nixpkgs {
         inherit system;
-        overlays = [
-          (self: super: rec {
-            nodejs = super.nodejs-18_x;
-            pnpm = super.nodePackages.pnpm;
-            yarn = (super.yarn.override { inherit nodejs; });
-          })
-        ];
       };
     in pkgs.mkShell {
-      # create an environment with nodejs-18_x, pnpm, and yarn
+      # create an environment with nodejs_18, pnpm, and yarn
       packages = with pkgs; [
-        node2nix
+        nodejs_18
-        nodejs
+        nodePackages.pnpm
-        pnpm
+        (yarn.override { nodejs = nodejs_18; })
-        yarn
         nushell
       ];
 
@@ -232,16 +214,10 @@ stdenv.mkDerivation ({
     packages."${system}".dev = let
       pkgs = import nixpkgs {
         inherit system;
-        overlays = [
-          (self: super: rec {
-            nodejs = super.nodejs_20;
-            pnpm = super.nodePackages.pnpm;
-          })
-        ];
       };
       packages = with pkgs; [
-          nodejs
+          nodejs_20
-          pnpm
+          nodePackages.pnpm
           nushell
       ];
     in pkgs.runCommand "dev-shell" {
@@ -258,14 +234,42 @@ stdenv.mkDerivation ({
 }
 ```
 
-然后执行 `nix run .#dev`，就能进入一个 nushell session，可以在其中正常使用 `node` `pnpm` 命令，且 node 版本为 20.
+然后执行 `nix run .#dev`，就能进入一个 nushell session，可以在其中正常使用 `node` `pnpm` 命令.
+
+这种方式生成的 wrapper 是一个可执行文件，它实际不依赖 `nix run` 命令，比如说我们可以直接通过 NixOS 的 `environment.systemPackages` 来安装这个 wrapper，然后直接执行它：
+
+```nix
+{pkgs, lib, ...}{
+
+  environment.systemPackages = [
+    # 将 dev-shell 安装到系统环境中
+    (let
+      packages = with pkgs; [
+          nodejs_20
+          nodePackages.pnpm
+          nushell
+      ];
+    in pkgs.runCommand "dev-shell" {
+      # Dependencies that should exist in the runtime environment
+      buildInputs = packages;
+      # Dependencies that should only exist in the build environment
+      nativeBuildInputs = [ pkgs.makeWrapper ];
+    } ''
+      mkdir -p $out/bin/
+      ln -s ${pkgs.nushell}/bin/nu $out/bin/dev-shell
+      wrapProgram $out/bin/dev-shell --prefix PATH : ${pkgs.lib.makeBinPath packages}
+    '';)
+  ];
+}
+```
+
+将上述配置添加到任一 NixOS Module 中，再通过 `sudo nixos-rebuild switch` 部署后，就能直接通过 `dev-shell` 命令进入到该开发环境，这就是 `pkgs.runCommand` 相比 `pkgs.mkShell` 的特别之处。
 
 相关源代码：
 
 - [pkgs/build-support/trivial-builders/default.nix - runCommand](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/nixos-23.11/pkgs/build-support/trivial-builders/default.nix#L21-L49)
 - [pkgs/build-support/setup-hooks/make-wrapper.sh](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/nixos-23.11/pkgs/build-support/setup-hooks/make-wrapper.sh)
 
-
 ## 进入任何 Nix 包的构建环境
 
 现在再来看看 `nix develop`，先读下 `nix develop --help` 输出的帮助文档：
@@ -435,7 +439,6 @@ nix build "nixpkgs#ponysay"
 
 其他还有些 `nix flake init` 之类的命令，请自行查阅 [New Nix Commands][New Nix Commands] 学习研究，这里就不详细介绍了。
 
-
 ## References
 
 - [pkgs.mkShell - nixpkgs manual](https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/stable/#sec-pkgs-mkShell)