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feat: remote deployment

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Ryan Yin 2023-08-15 11:23:23 +08:00
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docs/best-practices/remote-deployment.md
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Nix's inherent design is well-suited for remote deployment, and the Nix community offers several tools tailored for this purpose, such as [NixOps](https://github.com/NixOS/nixops) and [colmena](https://github.com/zhaofengli/colmena). Additionally, the official tool we've used extensively, `nixos-rebuild`, possesses some remote deployment capabilities too.
In addition, within multi-architecture scenarios, remote deployment can optimally leverage Nix's multi-architecture support. For example, you can cross-compile an aarch64/riscv64 NixOS system on an x86_64 host, followed by remote deployment onto the corresponding hosts via SSH.
Recently, I encountered a situation where I cross-compiled a NixOS system image for a RISCV64 SBC on my local machine. Consequently, I already possessed all the compilation caches for building this system locally. However, due to the lack of official binary caches for RISCV64 architecture, executing any uninstalled program directly on the development board (e.g., `nix run nixpkgs#cowsay hello`) triggered extensive compilations. This process consumed hours, which was quite unacceptable.
By adopting remote deployment, I could fully harness the computational power of my local high-performance CPU and the extensive compilation caches. This switch vastly improved my experience and significantly mitigated the previously time-consuming compilation issue.
Let me briefly guide you through using colmena or `nixos-rebuild` for remote deployment.
## Prerequisites

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Nix 本身的设计就很适合远程部署，Nix 社区也有许多专门用于远程部署的工具，比如说 [NixOps](https://github.com/NixOS/nixops) 与 [colmena](https://github.com/zhaofengli/colmena)。另外我们前面已经用了很多次的官方工具 `nixos-rebuild`，它拥有一定的远程部署能力。
此外在多架构场景下，远程部署还可以充分利用 Nix 的多架构支持，比如说在 x86_64 主机上交叉编译 aarch64/aarch64 的 NixOS 系统配置，然后通过 SSH 远程部署到对应的主机上。
我最近遇到的一个场景是，我本地交叉编译了一块 RISCV64 开发板的 NixOS 系统镜像，那么我本地已经拥有了交叉编译该系统的所有编译缓存。
但是由于 NixOS 官方几乎没有 RISCV64 的二进制缓存，我直接在开发板上执行任何未预装的程序（比如 `nix run nixpkgs#cowsay hello`）都会导致大量的编译，这会耗费我数小时的时间，是难以接受的。
而改用远程部署的话，我就能充分利用上本机的高性能 CPU 与大量编译缓存，体验就很好了。
这里我简单介绍下如何使用 colmena 与 `nixos-rebuild` 进行远程部署。
## 准备工作