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Ryan Yin
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docs/nixos-with-flakes/get-started-with-nixos.md
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Now that we have learned the basics of the Nix language, we can start using it to configure our NixOS system. The default configuration file for NixOS is located at `/etc/nixos/configuration.nix`. This file contains all the declarative configuration for the system, including settings for the time zone, language, keyboard layout, network, users, file system, and boot options.
To modify the system state in a reproducible manner (which is highly recommended), we need to manually edit the `/etc/nixos/configuration.nix` file and then execute `sudo nixos-rebuild switch` to apply the modified configuration. This command generates a new system environment based on the modified configuration file, sets the new environment as the default one, and preserves the previous environment in the boot options of grub/systemd-boot. This ensures that we can always roll back to the old environment if the new one fails to start.
To modify the system state in a reproducible manner (which is highly recommended), we need to manually edit the `/etc/nixos/configuration.nix` file and then execute `sudo nixos-rebuild switch` to apply the modified configuration. This command generates a new system environment based on the modified configuration file, sets the new environment as the default one, and preserves the previous environment in the boot options of grub/systemd-boot. This ensures that we can always roll back to the old environment even if the new one fails to start.
While `/etc/nixos/configuration.nix` is the classic method for configuring NixOS, it relies on data sources configured by `nix-channel` and lacks a version-locking mechanism, making it challenging to ensure the reproducibility of the system. A better approach is to use Flakes, which provides reproducibility and facilitates configuration management.