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https://github.com/ryan4yin/nixos-and-flakes-book.git
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feat: nixo with flakes enabled
This commit is contained in:
Ryan Yin
parent
755961e7a7
commit
b8653668c3
@ -62,11 +62,14 @@ Note that the copied template cannot be used directly. You need to modify it to
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{
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description = "Ryan's NixOS Flake";
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# This is the standard format for flake.nix. `inputs` are the dependencies of the flake,
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# This is the standard format for flake.nix.
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# `inputs` are the dependencies of the flake,
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# and `outputs` function will return all the build results of the flake.
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# Each item in `inputs` will be passed as a parameter to the `outputs` function after being pulled and built.
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# Each item in `inputs` will be passed as a parameter to
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# the `outputs` function after being pulled and built.
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inputs = {
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# There are many ways to reference flake inputs. The most widely used is github:owner/name/reference,
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# There are many ways to reference flake inputs.
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# The most widely used is `github:owner/name/reference`,
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# which represents the GitHub repository URL + branch/commit-id/tag.
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# Official NixOS package source, using nixos-unstable branch here
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@ -75,7 +78,8 @@ Note that the copied template cannot be used directly. You need to modify it to
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home-manager = {
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url = "github:nix-community/home-manager/release-23.05";
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# The `follows` keyword in inputs is used for inheritance.
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# Here, `inputs.nixpkgs` of home-manager is kept consistent with the `inputs.nixpkgs` of the current flake,
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# Here, `inputs.nixpkgs` of home-manager is kept consistent with
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# the `inputs.nixpkgs` of the current flake,
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# to avoid problems caused by different versions of nixpkgs.
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inputs.nixpkgs.follows = "nixpkgs";
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};
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@ -83,45 +87,65 @@ Note that the copied template cannot be used directly. You need to modify it to
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# `outputs` are all the build result of the flake.
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# A flake can have many use cases and different types of outputs.
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# parameters in `outputs` are defined in `inputs` and can be referenced by their names.
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# However, `self` is an exception, This special parameter points to the `outputs` itself (self-reference)
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# The `@` syntax here is used to alias the attribute set of the inputs's parameter, making it convenient to use inside the function.
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# parameters in `outputs` are defined in `inputs` and
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# can be referenced by their names. However, `self` is an exception,
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# this special parameter points to the `outputs` itself(self-reference)
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# The `@` syntax here is used to alias the attribute set of the
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# inputs's parameter, making it convenient to use inside the function.
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outputs = { self, nixpkgs, ... }@inputs: {
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nixosConfigurations = {
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# By default, NixOS will try to refer the nixosConfiguration with its hostname.
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# so the system named `nixos-test` will use this configuration.
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# However, the configuration name can also be specified using `sudo nixos-rebuild switch --flake /path/to/flakes/directory#<name>`.
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# The `nixpkgs.lib.nixosSystem` function is used to build this configuration, the following attribute set is its parameter.
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# Run `sudo nixos-rebuild switch --flake .#nixos-test` in the flake's directory to deploy this configuration on any NixOS system
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# By default, NixOS will try to refer the nixosConfiguration with
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# its hostname, so the system named `nixos-test` will use this one.
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# However, the configuration name can also be specified using:
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# sudo nixos-rebuild switch --flake /path/to/flakes/directory#<name>
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#
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# The `nixpkgs.lib.nixosSystem` function is used to build this
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# configuration, the following attribute set is its parameter.
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#
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# Run the following command in the flake's directory to
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# deploy this configuration on any NixOS system:
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# sudo nixos-rebuild switch --flake .#nixos-test
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"nixos-test" = nixpkgs.lib.nixosSystem {
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system = "x86_64-linux";
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# The Nix module system can modularize configuration, improving the maintainability of configuration.
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# The Nix module system can modularize configuration,
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# improving the maintainability of configuration.
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#
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# Each parameter in the `modules` is a Nix Module, and there is a partial introduction to it in the nixpkgs manual:
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# Each parameter in the `modules` is a Nix Module, and
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# there is a partial introduction to it in the nixpkgs manual:
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# <https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/unstable/#module-system-introduction>
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# It is said to be partial because the documentation is not complete, only some simple introductions
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# (such is the current state of Nix documentation...)
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# A Nix Module can be an attribute set, or a function that returns an attribute set.
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# If a Module is a function, this function can only have the following parameters:
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# It is said to be partial because the documentation is not
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# complete, only some simple introductions.
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# such is the current state of Nix documentation...
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#
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# lib: the nixpkgs function library, which provides many useful functions for operating Nix expressions
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# https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/stable/#id-1.4
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# A Nix Module can be an attribute set, or a function that
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# returns an attribute set. By default, if a Nix Module is a
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# function, this function can only have the following parameters:
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#
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# lib: the nixpkgs function library, which provides many
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# useful functions for operating Nix expressions:
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# https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/stable/#id-1.4
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# config: all config options of the current flake
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# options: all options defined in all NixOS Modules in the current flake
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# options: all options defined in all NixOS Modules
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# in the current flake
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# pkgs: a collection of all packages defined in nixpkgs.
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# you can assume its default value is `nixpkgs.legacyPackages."${system}"` for now.
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# can be customed by `nixpkgs.pkgs` option
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# modulesPath: the default path of nixpkgs's builtin modules folder,
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# you can assume its default value is
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# `nixpkgs.legacyPackages."${system}"` for now.
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# can be customed by `nixpkgs.pkgs` option
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# modulesPath: the default path of nixpkgs's modules folder,
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# used to import some extra modules from nixpkgs.
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# this parameter is rarely used, you can ignore it for now.
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# this parameter is rarely used,
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# you can ignore it for now.
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#
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# Only these parameters can be passed by default.
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# If you need to pass other parameters, you must use `specialArgs` by uncomment the following line
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# specialArgs = {...} # pass custom arguments into sub module.
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# If you need to pass other parameters,
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# you must use `specialArgs` by uncomment the following line:
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#
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# specialArgs = {...} # pass custom arguments into all sub module.
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modules = [
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# Import the configuration.nix we used before, so that the old configuration file can still take effect.
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# Note: /etc/nixos/configuration.nix itself is also a Nix Module, so you can import it directly here
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# Import the configuration.nix here, so that the
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# old configuration file can still take effect.
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# Note: configuration.nix itself is also a Nix Module,
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./configuration.nix
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];
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};
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@ -64,7 +64,9 @@ cat flake.nix
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# 这是 flake.nix 的标准格式，inputs 是 flake 的依赖，outputs 是 flake 的输出
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# inputs 中的每一项依赖都会在被拉取、构建后，作为参数传递给 outputs 函数
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inputs = {
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# flake inputs 有很多种引用方式，应用最广泛的是 github:owner/name/reference，即 github 仓库地址 + branch/commit-id/tag
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# flake inputs 有很多种引用方式，应用最广泛的格式是:
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# github:owner/name/reference
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# 即 github 仓库地址 + branch/commit-id/tag
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# NixOS 官方软件源，这里使用 nixos-unstable 分支
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nixpkgs.url = "github:NixOS/nixpkgs/nixos-unstable";
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@ -72,39 +74,48 @@ cat flake.nix
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home-manager = {
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url = "github:nix-community/home-manager/release-23.05";
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# `follows` 是 inputs 中的继承语法
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# 这里使 sops-nix 的 `inputs.nixpkgs` 与当前 flake 的 `inputs.nixpkgs` 保持一致，
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# 避免依赖的 nixpkgs 版本不一致导致问题
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# 这里使 sops-nix 的 `inputs.nixpkgs` 与当前 flake 的
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# `inputs.nixpkgs` 保持一致，避免依赖的 nixpkgs 版本不一致导致问题
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inputs.nixpkgs.follows = "nixpkgs";
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};
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};
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# outputs 即 flake 的所有输出，其中的 nixosConfigurations 即 NixOS 系统配置
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# 一个 flake 可以有很多用途，也可以有很多种不同的输出，nixosConfigurations 只是其中一种
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# flake 有很多用途，也可以有很多不同的 outputs，nixosConfigurations 只是其中一种
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#
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# outputs 的参数都是 inputs 中定义的依赖项，可以通过它们的名称来引用。
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# 不过 self 是个例外，这个特殊参数指向 outputs 自身（自引用），以及 flake 根目录
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# 这里的 @ 语法将函数的参数 attribute set 取了个别名，方便在内部使用
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outputs = { self, nixpkgs, ... }@inputs: {
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# 名为 nixosConfigurations 的 outputs 会在执行 `sudo nixos-rebuild switch` 时被使用
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# 默认情况下上述命令会使用与主机 hostname 同名的 nixosConfigurations
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# 名为 nixosConfigurations 的 outputs 会在执行 `sudo nixos-rebuild switch`
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# 时被使用，默认情况下上述命令会使用与主机 hostname 同名的 nixosConfigurations
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# 但是也可以通过 `--flake /path/to/flake/direcotry#nixos-test` 来指定
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# 在 flakes 配置文件夹中执行 `sudo nixos-rebuild switch --flake .#nixos-test` 即可部署此配置
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# 其中 `.` 表示使用当前文件夹的 Flakes 配置，`#` 后面的内容则是 nixosConfigurations 的名称
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# 在 flakes 配置文件夹中执行如下命令即可部署此配置：
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# sudo nixos-rebuild switch --flake .#nixos-test
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# 其中 --flake 后的参数简要说明如下：
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# 1. `.` 表示使用当前文件夹的 Flakes 配置，
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# 2. `#` 后面的内容则是 nixosConfigurations 的名称
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nixosConfigurations = {
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# hostname 为 nixos-test 的主机会使用这个配置
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# 这里使用了 nixpkgs.lib.nixosSystem 函数来构建配置，后面的 attributes set 是它的参数
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# 在 nixos 系统上使用如下命令即可部署此配置：`nixos-rebuild switch --flake .#nixos-test`
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# 这里使用了 nixpkgs.lib.nixosSystem 函数来构建配置，
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# 后面的 attributes set 是它的参数，在 nixos 系统上使用如下命令即可部署此配置：
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# nixos-rebuild switch --flake .#nixos-test
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"nixos-test" = nixpkgs.lib.nixosSystem {
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system = "x86_64-linux";
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# Nix 模块系统可将配置模块化，提升配置的可维护性
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#
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# modules 中每个参数，都是一个 Nix Module，nixpkgs manual 中有半份介绍它的文档：
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# <https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/unstable/#module-system-introduction>
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# modules 中每个参数，都是一个 Nix Module
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# nixpkgs manual 中有半份介绍它的文档：
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# <https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/unstable/#module-system-introduction>
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# 说半份是因为它的文档不全，只有一些简单的介绍（Nix 文档现状...）
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# Nix Module 可以是一个 attribute set，也可以是一个返回 attribute set 的函数
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# 如果是函数，那么它的参数就是当前的 NixOS Module 的参数.
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# 根据 Nix Wiki 对 Nix modules 的描述，Nix modules 函数的参数可以有这几个：
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#
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# Nix Module 可以是一个 attribute set，
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# 也可以是一个返回 attribute set 的函数，如果是函数，
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# 那么它的参数就是当前的 NixOS Module 的参数.
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#
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# 根据 Nix Wiki 对 Nix modules 的描述，默认情况下，
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# Nix Module 函数的参数可以有这几个：
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#
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# lib: nixpkgs 自带的函数库，提供了许多操作 Nix 表达式的实用函数
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# 详见 https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/stable/#id-1.4
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@ -113,14 +124,15 @@ cat flake.nix
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# pkgs: 一个包含所有 nixpkgs 包的集合
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# 入门阶段可以认为它的默认值为 `nixpkgs.legacyPackages."${system}"`
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# 可通过 `nixpkgs.pkgs` 这个 option 来自定义 pkgs 的值
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# modulesPath: 默认 nixpkgs 的内置 Modules 文件夹路径，常用于从 nixpkgs 中导入一些额外的模块
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# modulesPath: 默认 nixpkgs 的内置 Modules 文件夹路径，
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# 常用于从 nixpkgs 中导入一些额外的模块
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# 这个参数通常都用不到，我只在制作 iso 镜像时用到过
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#
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# 默认只能传上面这几个参数，如果需要传其他参数，必须使用 specialArgs，你可以取消注释如下这行来启用该参数
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# 如果需要传其他非默认参数，就得使用 specialArgs，你可以取消注释如下这行来启用该参数
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# specialArgs = inputs # 将 inputs 中的参数传入所有子模块
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modules = [
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# 导入之前我们使用的 configuration.nix，这样旧的配置文件仍然能生效
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# 注: /etc/nixos/configuration.nix 本身也是一个 Nix Module，因此可以直接在这里导入
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# 这里导入之前我们使用的 configuration.nix，这样旧的配置文件仍然能生效
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# 注: configuration.nix 本身也是一个 Nix Module，因此可以直接在这里导入
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./configuration.nix
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];
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};
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