nu-cmd-extra crate infrastructure in place with the Bits command as the model for adding other commands (#9327)

I wanted to get the infrastructure in place for starters for our
*nu-cmd-extra* crate...

The plan is to put inside here the following commands...

* bits
* bytes
* math

I thought it would be easier to do one at a time as well as get the
nu-cmd-extra crate out there on crates.io
for this upcoming release...

Once this lands the infrastructure will be in place to move over the
other noted commands for now...
And then add other stuff we do NOT want to be in 1.0.

crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/bits/and.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+use nu_engine::CallExt;
+use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
+use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
+use nu_protocol::{
+    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape, Type, Value,
+};
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct SubCommand;
+
+impl Command for SubCommand {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "bits and"
+    }
+
+    fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
+        Signature::build("bits and")
+            .input_output_types(vec![(Type::Int, Type::Int)])
+            .vectorizes_over_list(true)
+            .required(
+                "target",
+                SyntaxShape::Int,
+                "target integer to perform bit and",
+            )
+            .category(Category::Bits)
+    }
+
+    fn usage(&self) -> &str {
+        "Performs bitwise and for integers."
+    }
+
+    fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
+        vec!["logic and"]
+    }
+
+    fn run(
+        &self,
+        engine_state: &EngineState,
+        stack: &mut Stack,
+        call: &Call,
+        input: PipelineData,
+    ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
+        let head = call.head;
+        let target: i64 = call.req(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
+
+        // This doesn't match explicit nulls
+        if matches!(input, PipelineData::Empty) {
+            return Err(ShellError::PipelineEmpty { dst_span: head });
+        }
+        input.map(
+            move |value| operate(value, target, head),
+            engine_state.ctrlc.clone(),
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
+        vec![
+            Example {
+                description: "Apply bits and to two numbers",
+                example: "2 | bits and 2",
+                result: Some(Value::test_int(2)),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Apply logical and to a list of numbers",
+                example: "[4 3 2] | bits and 2",
+                result: Some(Value::List {
+                    vals: vec![Value::test_int(0), Value::test_int(2), Value::test_int(2)],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+        ]
+    }
+}
+
+fn operate(value: Value, target: i64, head: Span) -> Value {
+    match value {
+        Value::Int { val, span } => Value::Int {
+            val: val & target,
+            span,
+        },
+        // Propagate errors by explicitly matching them before the final case.
+        Value::Error { .. } => value,
+        other => Value::Error {
+            error: Box::new(ShellError::OnlySupportsThisInputType {
+                exp_input_type: "integer".into(),
+                wrong_type: other.get_type().to_string(),
+                dst_span: head,
+                src_span: other.expect_span(),
+            }),
+        },
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_examples() {
+        use crate::test_examples;
+
+        test_examples(SubCommand {})
+    }
+}