Error on non-zero exit statuses (#13515)

# Description
This PR makes it so that non-zero exit codes and termination by signal
are treated as a normal `ShellError`. Currently, these are silent
errors. That is, if an external command fails, then it's code block is
aborted, but the parent block can sometimes continue execution. E.g.,
see #8569 and this example:
```nushell
[1 2] | each { ^false }
```

Before this would give:
```
╭───┬──╮
│ 0 │  │
│ 1 │  │
╰───┴──╯
```

Now, this shows an error:
```
Error: nu:🐚:eval_block_with_input

  × Eval block failed with pipeline input
   ╭─[entry #1:1:2]
 1 │ [1 2] | each { ^false }
   ·  ┬
   ·  ╰── source value
   ╰────

Error: nu:🐚:non_zero_exit_code

  × External command had a non-zero exit code
   ╭─[entry #1:1:17]
 1 │ [1 2] | each { ^false }
   ·                 ──┬──
   ·                   ╰── exited with code 1
   ╰────
```

This PR fixes #12874, fixes #5960, fixes #10856, and fixes #5347. This
PR also partially addresses #10633 and #10624 (only the last command of
a pipeline is currently checked). It looks like #8569 is already fixed,
but this PR will make sure it is definitely fixed (fixes #8569).

# User-Facing Changes
- Non-zero exit codes and termination by signal now cause an error to be
thrown.
- The error record value passed to a `catch` block may now have an
`exit_code` column containing the integer exit code if the error was due
to an external command.
- Adds new config values, `display_errors.exit_code` and
`display_errors.termination_signal`, which determine whether an error
message should be printed in the respective error cases. For
non-interactive sessions, these are set to `true`, and for interactive
sessions `display_errors.exit_code` is false (via the default config).

# Tests
Added a few tests.

# After Submitting
- Update docs and book.
- Future work:
- Error if other external commands besides the last in a pipeline exit
with a non-zero exit code. Then, deprecate `do -c` since this will be
the default behavior everywhere.
- Add a better mechanism for exit codes and deprecate
`$env.LAST_EXIT_CODE` (it's buggy).

crates/nu-protocol/src/config/display_errors.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+use super::prelude::*;
+use crate as nu_protocol;
+use crate::ShellError;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, IntoValue, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct DisplayErrors {
+    pub exit_code: bool,
+    pub termination_signal: bool,
+}
+
+impl DisplayErrors {
+    pub fn should_show(&self, error: &ShellError) -> bool {
+        match error {
+            ShellError::NonZeroExitCode { .. } => self.exit_code,
+            #[cfg(unix)]
+            ShellError::TerminatedBySignal { .. } => self.termination_signal,
+            _ => true,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for DisplayErrors {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            exit_code: true,
+            termination_signal: true,
+        }
+    }
+}

crates/nu-protocol/src/config/mod.rs

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ pub use self::completer::{
     CompleterConfig, CompletionAlgorithm, CompletionSort, ExternalCompleterConfig,
 };
 pub use self::datetime_format::DatetimeFormatConfig;
+pub use self::display_errors::DisplayErrors;
 pub use self::filesize::FilesizeConfig;
 pub use self::helper::extract_value;
 pub use self::history::{HistoryConfig, HistoryFileFormat};
@@ -28,6 +29,7 @@ pub use self::table::{FooterMode, TableConfig, TableIndexMode, TableMode, TrimSt
 
 mod completer;
 mod datetime_format;
+mod display_errors;
 mod filesize;
 mod helper;
 mod history;
@@ -67,6 +69,7 @@ pub struct Config {
     pub cursor_shape: CursorShapeConfig,
     pub datetime_format: DatetimeFormatConfig,
     pub error_style: ErrorStyle,
+    pub display_errors: DisplayErrors,
     pub use_kitty_protocol: bool,
     pub highlight_resolved_externals: bool,
     /// Configuration for plugins.
@@ -121,6 +124,7 @@ impl Default for Config {
             keybindings: Vec::new(),
 
             error_style: ErrorStyle::Fancy,
+            display_errors: DisplayErrors::default(),
 
             use_kitty_protocol: false,
             highlight_resolved_externals: false,
@@ -609,6 +613,29 @@ impl Value {
                 "show_banner" => {
                     process_bool_config(value, &mut errors, &mut config.show_banner);
                 }
+                "display_errors" => {
+                    if let Value::Record { val, .. } = value {
+                        val.to_mut().retain_mut(|key2, value| {
+                            let span = value.span();
+                            match key2 {
+                                "exit_code" => {
+                                    process_bool_config(value, &mut errors, &mut config.display_errors.exit_code);
+                                }
+                                "termination_signal" => {
+                                    process_bool_config(value, &mut errors, &mut config.display_errors.termination_signal);
+                                }
+                                _ => {
+                                    report_invalid_key(&[key, key2], span, &mut errors);
+                                    return false;
+                                }
+                            };
+                            true
+                        });
+                    } else {
+                        report_invalid_value("should be a record", span, &mut errors);
+                        *value = config.display_errors.into_value(span);
+                    }
+                }
                 "render_right_prompt_on_last_line" => {
                     process_bool_config(value, &mut errors, &mut config.render_right_prompt_on_last_line);
                 }