Enforce call stack depth limit for all calls (#11729)

# Description
Previously, only direcly-recursive calls were checked for recursion
depth. But most recursive calls in nushell are mutually recursive since
expressions like `for`, `where`, `try` and `do` all execute a separte
block.

```nushell
def f [] {
    do { f }
}
```
Calling `f` would crash nushell with a stack overflow.

I think the only general way to prevent such a stack overflow is to
enforce a maximum call stack depth instead of only disallowing directly
recursive calls.

This commit also moves that logic into `eval_call()` instead of
`eval_block()` because the recursion limit is tracked in the `Stack`,
but not all blocks are evaluated in a new stack. Incrementing the
recursion depth of the caller's stack would permanently increment that
for all future calls.

Fixes #11667

# User-Facing Changes
Any function call can now fail with `recursion_limit_reached` instead of
just directly recursive calls. Mutually-recursive calls no longer crash
nushell.

# After Submitting
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crates/nu-command/tests/commands/try_.rs

@@ -81,3 +81,15 @@ fn catch_block_can_use_error_object() {
     let output = nu!("try {1 / 0} catch {|err| print ($err | get msg)}");
     assert_eq!(output.out, "Division by zero.")
 }
+
+// This test is disabled on Windows because they cause a stack overflow in CI (but not locally!).
+// For reasons we don't understand, the Windows CI runners are prone to stack overflow.
+// TODO: investigate so we can enable on Windows
+#[cfg(not(target_os = "windows"))]
+#[test]
+fn can_catch_infinite_recursion() {
+    let actual = nu!(r#"
+            def bang [] { try { bang } catch { "Caught infinite recursion" } }; bang
+        "#);
+    assert_eq!(actual.out, "Caught infinite recursion");
+}