Fix typos by codespell (#7600)

# Description

Found via `codespell -S target -L
crate,ser,numer,falsy,ro,te,nd,bu,ndoes,statics,ons,fo,rouge,pard`

# User-Facing Changes

None.

# Tests + Formatting

None and done.

# After Submitting

None.

crates/nu-cli/tests/completions.rs

@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ fn dotnu_completions() {
     // Create a new engine
     let (_, _, engine, stack) = new_engine();
 
-    // Instatiate a new completer
+    // Instantiate a new completer
     let mut completer = NuCompleter::new(std::sync::Arc::new(engine), stack);
 
     // Test source completion
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ fn file_completions() {
     // Create a new engine
     let (dir, dir_str, engine, stack) = new_engine();
 
-    // Instatiate a new completer
+    // Instantiate a new completer
     let mut completer = NuCompleter::new(std::sync::Arc::new(engine), stack);
 
     // Test completions for the current folder
@@ -454,7 +454,7 @@ fn flag_completions() {
     // Create a new engine
     let (_, _, engine, stack) = new_engine();
 
-    // Instatiate a new completer
+    // Instantiate a new completer
     let mut completer = NuCompleter::new(std::sync::Arc::new(engine), stack);
     // Test completions for the 'ls' flags
     let suggestions = completer.complete("ls -", 4);
@@ -487,7 +487,7 @@ fn folder_with_directorycompletions() {
     // Create a new engine
     let (dir, dir_str, engine, stack) = new_engine();
 
-    // Instatiate a new completer
+    // Instantiate a new completer
     let mut completer = NuCompleter::new(std::sync::Arc::new(engine), stack);
 
     // Test completions for the current folder
@@ -515,7 +515,7 @@ fn variables_completions() {
     let record = "let actor = { name: 'Tom Hardy', age: 44 }";
     assert!(support::merge_input(record.as_bytes(), &mut engine, &mut stack, dir).is_ok());
 
-    // Instatiate a new completer
+    // Instantiate a new completer
     let mut completer = NuCompleter::new(std::sync::Arc::new(engine), stack);
 
     // Test completions for $nu
@@ -672,7 +672,7 @@ fn run_external_completion(block: &str, input: &str) -> Vec<Suggestion> {
     config.external_completer = Some(latest_block_id);
     engine_state.set_config(&config);
 
-    // Instatiate a new completer
+    // Instantiate a new completer
     let mut completer = NuCompleter::new(std::sync::Arc::new(engine_state), stack);
 
     completer.complete(input, input.len())

crates/nu-command/src/bytes/at.rs

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ fn parse_range(range: Value, head: Span) -> Result<(isize, isize, Span), ShellEr
                 let end = match end {
                     Value::Int { val, .. } => val.to_string(),
                     Value::String { val, .. } => val,
-                    // Explictly propagate errors instead of dropping them.
+                    // Explicitly propagate errors instead of dropping them.
                     Value::Error { error } => return Err(error),
                     other => {
                         return Err(ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ fn parse_range(range: Value, head: Span) -> Result<(isize, isize, Span), ShellEr
                 let start = match start {
                     Value::Int { val, .. } => val.to_string(),
                     Value::String { val, .. } => val,
-                    // Explictly propagate errors instead of dropping them.
+                    // Explicitly propagate errors instead of dropping them.
                     Value::Error { error } => return Err(error),
                     other => {
                         return Err(ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ fn parse_range(range: Value, head: Span) -> Result<(isize, isize, Span), ShellEr
                 }
             }
         }
-        // Explictly propagate errors instead of dropping them.
+        // Explicitly propagate errors instead of dropping them.
         Value::Error { error } => return Err(error),
         other => {
             return Err(ShellError::UnsupportedInput(

crates/nu-command/src/bytes/build_.rs

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ impl Command for BytesBuild {
             let val = eval_expression(engine_state, stack, expr)?;
             match val {
                 Value::Binary { mut val, .. } => output.append(&mut val),
-                // Explictly propagate errors instead of dropping them.
+                // Explicitly propagate errors instead of dropping them.
                 Value::Error { error } => return Err(error),
                 other => {
                     return Err(ShellError::TypeMismatch(

crates/nu-command/src/bytes/collect.rs

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ impl Command for BytesCollect {
                         output_binary.append(&mut work_sep)
                     }
                 }
-                // Explictly propagate errors instead of dropping them.
+                // Explicitly propagate errors instead of dropping them.
                 Value::Error { error } => return Err(error),
                 other => {
                     return Err(ShellError::OnlySupportsThisInputType(

crates/nu-command/src/bytes/remove.rs

@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ fn remove_impl(input: &[u8], arg: &Arguments, span: Span) -> Value {
                 right += 1;
             }
         }
-        // append the remaing thing to result, this can happened when
+        // append the remaining thing to result, this can happened when
         // we have something to remove and remove_all is False.
         let mut remain = input[left..].to_vec();
         result.append(&mut remain);

crates/nu-command/src/charting/hashable_value.rs

@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ impl HashableValue {
             Value::String { val, span } => Ok(HashableValue::String { val, span }),
             Value::Binary { val, span } => Ok(HashableValue::Binary { val, span }),
 
-            // Explictly propagate errors instead of dropping them.
+            // Explicitly propagate errors instead of dropping them.
             Value::Error { error } => Err(error),
             _ => Err(ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
                 "input value is not hashable".into(),

crates/nu-command/src/dataframe/series/string/replace.rs

@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ fn command(
     let series = df.as_series(call.head)?;
     let chunked = series.utf8().map_err(|e| {
         ShellError::GenericError(
-            "Error convertion to string".into(),
+            "Error conversion to string".into(),
             e.to_string(),
             Some(call.head),
             None,

crates/nu-command/src/dataframe/series/string/replace_all.rs

@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ fn command(
     let series = df.as_series(call.head)?;
     let chunked = series.utf8().map_err(|e| {
         ShellError::GenericError(
-            "Error convertion to string".into(),
+            "Error conversion to string".into(),
             e.to_string(),
             Some(call.head),
             None,

crates/nu-command/src/dataframe/values/nu_expression/mod.rs

@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ impl NuExpression {
         expr_to_value(self.as_ref(), span)
     }
 
-    // Convenient function to extrac multiple Expr that could be inside a nushell Value
+    // Convenient function to extract multiple Expr that could be inside a nushell Value
     pub fn extract_exprs(value: Value) -> Result<Vec<Expr>, ShellError> {
         ExtractedExpr::extract_exprs(value).map(ExtractedExpr::into_exprs)
     }

crates/nu-command/src/filesystem/cd.rs

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use nu_protocol::{
 };
 use std::path::Path;
 
-// when the file under the fold executeable
+// when the file under the fold executable
 #[cfg(unix)]
 mod permission_mods {
     pub type Mode = u32;

crates/nu-command/src/filesystem/cd_query.rs

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ struct Finding {
     congruence: Vec<Congruence>,
 }
 
-/// Returns an interator over directory's children matching the abbreviation.
+/// Returns an iterator over directory's children matching the abbreviation.
 fn get_matching_children<'a, P>(
     path: &'a P,
     abbr: &'a Abbr,

crates/nu-command/src/filters/find.rs

@@ -514,7 +514,7 @@ fn to_nu_ansi_term_style(style: &LsColors_Style) -> Style {
             LsColors_Color::White => Color::White,
 
             // Below items are a rough translations to 256 colors as
-            // nu-ansi-term do not have bright varients
+            // nu-ansi-term do not have bright variants
             LsColors_Color::BrightBlack => Color::Fixed(8),
             LsColors_Color::BrightRed => Color::Fixed(9),
             LsColors_Color::BrightGreen => Color::Fixed(10),

crates/nu-command/src/filters/lines.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use nu_protocol::{
     Signature, Span, Type, Value,
 };
 use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
-// regex can be replaced with fancy-regex once it suppports `split()`
+// regex can be replaced with fancy-regex once it supports `split()`
 // https://github.com/fancy-regex/fancy-regex/issues/104
 use regex::Regex;
 

crates/nu-command/src/platform/ansi/ansi_.rs

@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ static CODE_LIST: Lazy<Vec<AnsiCode>> = Lazy::new(|| { vec![
     AnsiCode{ short_name: Some("defr"), long_name: "default_reverse", code: Color::Default.reverse().prefix().to_string()},
     AnsiCode{ short_name: Some("bg_def"), long_name: "bg_default", code: Style::new().on(Color::Default).prefix().to_string()},
 
-    // Xterm 256 colors with conflicting names names preceeded by x
+    // Xterm 256 colors with conflicting names names preceded by x
     AnsiCode { short_name: Some("xblack"), long_name: "xterm_black", code: Color::Fixed(0).prefix().to_string()},
     AnsiCode { short_name: Some("maroon"), long_name: "xterm_maroon", code: Color::Fixed(1).prefix().to_string()},
     AnsiCode { short_name: Some("xgreen"), long_name: "xterm_green", code: Color::Fixed(2).prefix().to_string()},

crates/nu-command/src/platform/ansi/gradient.rs

@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ fn action(
                     Value::string(gradient_string, *span)
                 }
                 (None, Some(fg_end), None, Some(bg_end)) => {
-                    // missin fg_start and bg_start, so assume black
+                    // missing fg_start and bg_start, so assume black
                     let fg_start = Rgb::new(0, 0, 0);
                     let bg_start = Rgb::new(0, 0, 0);
                     let fg_gradient = Gradient::new(fg_start, fg_end);

crates/nu-command/src/strings/str_/replace.rs

@@ -124,18 +124,18 @@ impl Command for SubCommand {
                 result: Some(Value::test_string("dogs_$2_cats")),
             },
             Example {
-                description: "Find and replace the first occurence using string replacement *not* regular expressions",
+                description: "Find and replace the first occurrence using string replacement *not* regular expressions",
                 example: r#"'c:\some\cool\path' | str replace 'c:\some\cool' '~' -s"#,
                 result: Some(Value::test_string("~\\path")),
             },
             Example {
-                description: "Find and replace all occurences using string replacement *not* regular expressions",
+                description: "Find and replace all occurrences using string replacement *not* regular expressions",
                 example: r#"'abc abc abc' | str replace -a 'b' 'z' -s"#,
                 result: Some(Value::test_string("azc azc azc")),
             },
             Example {
                 description: "Find and replace with fancy-regex",
-                example: r#"'a sucessful b' | str replace '\b([sS])uc(?:cs|s?)e(ed(?:ed|ing|s?)|ss(?:es|ful(?:ly)?|i(?:ons?|ve(?:ly)?)|ors?)?)\b' '${1}ucce$2'"#,
+                example: r#"'a successful b' | str replace '\b([sS])uc(?:cs|s?)e(ed(?:ed|ing|s?)|ss(?:es|ful(?:ly)?|i(?:ons?|ve(?:ly)?)|ors?)?)\b' '${1}ucce$2'"#,
                 result: Some(Value::test_string("a successful b")),
             },
             Example {

crates/nu-command/src/strings/str_/trim/trim_.rs

@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ fn trim(s: &str, char_: Option<char>, closure_flags: &ClosureFlags) -> String {
             let re_str = format!("{}{{2,}}", reg);
             // create the regex
             let re = Regex::new(&re_str).expect("Error creating regular expression");
-            // replace all mutliple occurances with single occurences represented by r
+            // replace all multiple occurrences with single occurrences represented by r
             let new_str = re.replace_all(&return_string, r.to_string());
             // update the return string so the next loop has the latest changes
             return_string = new_str.to_string();

crates/nu-command/src/viewers/table.rs

@@ -86,12 +86,12 @@ impl Command for Table {
             .named(
                 "flatten-separator",
                 SyntaxShape::String,
-                "sets a seperator when 'flatten' used",
+                "sets a separator when 'flatten' used",
                 None,
             )
             .switch(
                 "collapse",
-                "expand the table structure in colapse mode.\nBe aware collapse mode currently doesn't support width controll",
+                "expand the table structure in colapse mode.\nBe aware collapse mode currently doesn't support width control",
                 Some('c'),
             )
             .category(Category::Viewers)
@@ -497,7 +497,7 @@ fn build_expanded_table(
 
                     match table {
                         Some((mut table, with_header, with_index)) => {
-                            // controll width via removing table columns.
+                            // control width via removing table columns.
                             table.truncate(remaining_width, &theme);
 
                             is_expanded = true;

crates/nu-command/tests/format_conversions/toml.rs

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ fn nested_tables_to_toml() {
 
 #[test]
 fn table_to_toml_fails() {
-    // Tables cant be represented in toml
+    // Tables can't be represented in toml
     let actual = nu!(
     cwd: "tests/fixtures/formats", pipeline(
         r#"

crates/nu-engine/src/eval.rs

@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ pub fn redirect_env(engine_state: &EngineState, caller_stack: &mut Stack, callee
     }
 }
 
-/// Eval extarnal expression
+/// Eval external expression
 ///
 /// It returns PipelineData with a boolean flag, indicate that if the external runs to failed.
 #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]

crates/nu-explore/src/commands/table.rs

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ impl ViewCommand for TableCmd {
             Shortcode::new("Esc",    "",        "Exits cursor mode. Exits the just explored dataset."),
             Shortcode::new("i",      "view",    "Enters cursor mode to inspect individual cells"),
             Shortcode::new("t",      "view",    "Transpose table, so that columns become rows and vice versa"),
-            Shortcode::new("e",      "view",    "Open expand view (equvalent of :expand)"),
+            Shortcode::new("e",      "view",    "Open expand view (equivalent of :expand)"),
             Shortcode::new("Enter",  "cursor",  "In cursor mode, explore the data of the selected cell"),
         ];
 

crates/nu-explore/src/nu_common/command.rs

@@ -77,8 +77,8 @@ fn eval_source2(
         return Err(ShellError::IOError(err.to_string()));
     }
 
-    // eval_block outputs all expressions expept the last to STDOUT;
+    // eval_block outputs all expressions except the last to STDOUT;
-    // we don't wont that.
+    // we don't won't that.
     //
     // So we LITERALLY ignore all expressions except the LAST.
     if block.len() > 1 {

crates/nu-explore/src/nu_common/table.rs

@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ fn build_expanded_table(
 
                     match table {
                         Some((mut table, with_header, with_index)) => {
-                            // controll width via removing table columns.
+                            // control width via removing table columns.
                             let theme = load_theme_from_config(config);
                             table.truncate(remaining_width, &theme);
 

crates/nu-explore/src/pager/mod.rs

@@ -732,7 +732,7 @@ fn handle_event<V: View>(
         }
     }
 
-    // was not handled so we must check our default controlls
+    // was not handled so we must check our default controls
     handle_general_key_events2(&key, search, command, view, info);
 
     None

crates/nu-explore/src/registry/mod.rs

@@ -46,9 +46,9 @@ impl CommandRegistry {
         );
     }
 
-    pub fn create_aliase(&mut self, aliase: &str, command: &str) {
+    pub fn create_aliase(&mut self, aliases: &str, command: &str) {
         self.aliases.insert(
-            Cow::Owned(aliase.to_owned()),
+            Cow::Owned(aliases.to_owned()),
             Cow::Owned(command.to_owned()),
         );
     }

crates/nu-parser/src/parse_keywords.rs

@@ -698,7 +698,7 @@ pub fn parse_alias(
     (
         garbage_pipeline(spans),
         Some(ParseError::InternalError(
-            "Alias statement unparseable".into(),
+            "Alias statement unparsable".into(),
             span(spans),
         )),
     )
@@ -2486,7 +2486,7 @@ pub fn parse_overlay_use(
                 return (
                     pipeline,
                     Some(ParseError::CantAddOverlayHelp(
-                            format!("Cannot add overlay as '{}' because it already exsits under the name '{}'", new_name.item, overlay_name),
+                            format!("Cannot add overlay as '{}' because it already exists under the name '{}'", new_name.item, overlay_name),
                             new_name.span,
                     )),
                 );
@@ -2883,7 +2883,7 @@ pub fn parse_let_or_const(
     (
         garbage_pipeline(spans),
         Some(ParseError::UnknownState(
-            "internal error: let or const statement unparseable".into(),
+            "internal error: let or const statement unparsable".into(),
             span(spans),
         )),
     )
@@ -3005,7 +3005,7 @@ pub fn parse_mut(
     (
         garbage_pipeline(spans),
         Some(ParseError::UnknownState(
-            "internal error: mut statement unparseable".into(),
+            "internal error: mut statement unparsable".into(),
             span(spans),
         )),
     )
@@ -3175,7 +3175,7 @@ pub fn parse_source(
     (
         garbage_pipeline(spans),
         Some(ParseError::UnknownState(
-            "internal error: source statement unparseable".into(),
+            "internal error: source statement unparsable".into(),
             span(spans),
         )),
     )

crates/nu-path/src/dots.rs

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ fn handle_dots_push(string: &mut String, count: u8) {
     string.pop(); // remove last '/'
 }
 
-/// Expands any occurence of more than two dots into a sequence of ../ (or ..\ on windows), e.g.,
+/// Expands any occurrence of more than two dots into a sequence of ../ (or ..\ on windows), e.g.,
 /// "..." into "../..", "...." into "../../../", etc.
 pub fn expand_ndots(path: impl AsRef<Path>) -> PathBuf {
     // Check if path is valid UTF-8 and if not, return it as it is to avoid breaking it via string

crates/nu-protocol/src/config.rs

@@ -167,10 +167,10 @@ pub enum TableIndexMode {
 pub enum TrimStrategy {
     /// Wrapping strategy.
     ///
-    /// It it's simmilar to original nu_table, strategy.
+    /// It it's similar to original nu_table, strategy.
     Wrap {
         /// A flag which indicates whether is it necessary to try
-        /// to keep word bounderies.
+        /// to keep word boundaries.
         try_to_keep_words: bool,
     },
     /// Truncating strategy, where we just cut the string.

crates/nu-protocol/src/engine/engine_state.rs

@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ impl EngineState {
                 .iter_mut()
                 .find(|(name, _)| name == &delta_name)
             {
-                // Upating existing overlay
+                // Updating existing overlay
                 for item in delta_overlay.decls.into_iter() {
                     existing_overlay.decls.insert(item.0, item.1);
                 }

crates/nu-protocol/src/pipeline_data.rs

@@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ impl PipelineData {
                     let ctrlc = exit_code_stream.ctrlc.clone();
                     let exit_code: Vec<Value> = exit_code_stream.into_iter().collect();
                     if let Some(Value::Int { val: code, .. }) = exit_code.last() {
-                        // if exit_code is not 0, it indicates error occured, return back Err.
+                        // if exit_code is not 0, it indicates error occurred, return back Err.
                         if *code != 0 {
                             failed_to_run = true;
                         }
@@ -564,7 +564,7 @@ impl PipelineData {
     /// Consume and print self data immediately.
     ///
     /// `no_newline` controls if we need to attach newline character to output.
-    /// `to_stderr` controls if data is output to stderr, when the value is false, the data is ouput to stdout.
+    /// `to_stderr` controls if data is output to stderr, when the value is false, the data is output to stdout.
     pub fn print(
         self,
         engine_state: &EngineState,

crates/nu-protocol/src/signature.rs

@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ pub struct Signature {
     pub category: Category,
 }
 
-/// Fromat argumet type for user readable output.
+/// Format argument type for user readable output.
 ///
 /// In general:
 /// if argument type is a simple type(like string), we'll wrapped with `<>`, the result will be `<string>`
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ fn fmt_type(arg_type: &Type, optional: bool) -> String {
 //
 // <string> | <string>, <int?> => string
 //
-// More detail explaination:
+// More detail explanation:
 // the first one is the input from previous command, aka, pipeline input
 // then followed by `|`, then positional arguments type
 // then optional arguments type, which ends with `?`

crates/nu-protocol/src/value/mod.rs

@@ -699,7 +699,7 @@ impl Value {
                         let cols = cols.clone();
                         let span = *span;
 
-                        // Make reverse iterate to avoid duplicate column leads to first value, actuall last value is expected.
+                        // Make reverse iterate to avoid duplicate column leads to first value, actually last value is expected.
                         if let Some(found) = cols.iter().zip(vals.iter()).rev().find(|x| {
                             if insensitive {
                                 x.0.to_lowercase() == column_name.to_lowercase()
@@ -1613,7 +1613,7 @@ impl PartialOrd for Value {
                     ..
                 } => {
                     // reorder cols and vals to make more logically compare.
-                    // more genral, if two record have same col and values,
+                    // more general, if two record have same col and values,
                     // the order of cols shouldn't affect the equal property.
                     let (lhs_cols_ordered, lhs_vals_ordered) =
                         reorder_record_inner(lhs_cols, lhs_vals);

crates/nu-protocol/src/value/stream.rs

@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ impl Iterator for RawStream {
     }
 }
 
-/// A potentially infinite stream of values, optinally with a mean to send a Ctrl-C signal to stop
+/// A potentially infinite stream of values, optionally with a mean to send a Ctrl-C signal to stop
 /// the stream from continuing.
 ///
 /// In practice, a "stream" here means anything which can be iterated and produce Values as it iterates.

crates/nu-table/src/nu_protocol_table.rs

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use tabled::{
 
 /// NuTable has a recursive table representation of nu_protocol::Value.
 ///
-/// It doesn't support alignement and a proper width control.
+/// It doesn't support alignment and a proper width control.
 pub struct NuTable {
     inner: tabled::Table,
 }

crates/nu-table/src/table.rs

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ impl Table {
     ///
     /// If `headers.is_empty` then no headers will be rendered.
     pub fn new(data: Vec<Vec<TCell<CellInfo<'static>, TextStyle>>>, size: (usize, usize)) -> Table {
-        // it's not guaranted that data will have all rows with the same number of columns.
+        // it's not guaranteed that data will have all rows with the same number of columns.
         // but VecRecords::with_hint require this constrain.
         //
         // so we do a check to make it certainly true

crates/nu-term-grid/src/grid.rs

@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ impl Grid {
 
         let theoretical_max_num_lines = self.theoretical_max_num_lines(maximum_width);
         if theoretical_max_num_lines == 1 {
-            // This if—statement is neccesary for the function to work correctly
+            // This if—statement is necessary for the function to work correctly
             // for small inputs.
             return Some(Dimensions {
                 num_lines: 1,

crates/nu-test-support/src/macros.rs

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 ///
 /// ```no_run
 /// # // NOTE: The `nu!` macro needs the `nu` binary to exist. The test are
-/// # //       therefore only compiled but not run (thats what the `no_run` at
+/// # //       therefore only compiled but not run (that's what the `no_run` at
 /// # //       the beginning of this code block is for).
 /// #
 /// use nu_test_support::nu;

crates/nu-utils/src/sample_config/default_config.nu

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ module completions {
     --write-fetch-head                            # Write fetched refs in FETCH_HEAD (default)
     --no-write-fetch-head                         # Do not write FETCH_HEAD
     --force(-f)                                   # Always update the local branch
-    --keep(-k)                                    # Keep dowloaded pack
+    --keep(-k)                                    # Keep downloaded pack
     --multiple                                    # Allow several arguments to be specified
     --auto-maintenance                            # Run 'git maintenance run --auto' at the end (default)
     --no-auto-maintenance                         # Don't run 'git maintenance' at the end
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ let-env config = {
   }
   menus: [
       # Configuration for default nushell menus
-      # Note the lack of souce parameter
+      # Note the lack of source parameter
       {
         name: completion_menu
         only_buffer_difference: false

crates/nu_plugin_python/nu_plugin_python_example.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 # To register the plugin use:
 # 	register <path-to-py-file>
 #
-# Be carefull with the spans. Miette will crash if a span is outside the
+# Be careful with the spans. Miette will crash if a span is outside the
 # size of the contents vector. For this example we are using 0 and 1, which will
 # point to the beginning of the contents vector. We strongly suggest using the span
 # found in the plugin call head