Convert more ShellError variants to named fields (#11173)

# Description

Convert these ShellError variants to named fields:
* CreateNotPossible
* MoveNotPossibleSingle
* DirectoryNotFoundCustom
* DirectoryNotFound
* NotADirectory
* OutOfMemoryError
* PermissionDeniedError
* IOErrorSpanned
* IOError
* IOInterrupted

Also place the `span` field of `DirectoryNotFound` last to match other
errors.

Part of #10700 (almost half done!)

# User-Facing Changes

None

# Tests + Formatting

- 🟢 `toolkit fmt`
- 🟢 `toolkit clippy`
- 🟢 `toolkit test`
- 🟢 `toolkit test stdlib`

# After Submitting

N/A

crates/nu-cli/src/repl.rs

@@ -502,10 +502,10 @@ pub fn evaluate_repl(
 
                             report_error(
                                 &working_set,
-                                &ShellError::DirectoryNotFound(
+                                &ShellError::DirectoryNotFound {
-                                    tokens.0[0].span,
+                                    dir: path.to_string_lossy().to_string(),
-                                    path.to_string_lossy().to_string(),
+                                    span: tokens.0[0].span,
-                                ),
+                                },
                             );
                         }
                         let path = nu_path::canonicalize_with(path, &cwd)

crates/nu-command/src/filesystem/cd.rs

@@ -83,10 +83,10 @@ impl Command for Cd {
                         let path = match nu_path::canonicalize_with(path.clone(), &cwd) {
                             Ok(p) => p,
                             Err(_) => {
-                                return Err(ShellError::DirectoryNotFound(
+                                return Err(ShellError::DirectoryNotFound {
-                                    v.span,
+                                    dir: path.to_string_lossy().to_string(),
-                                    path.to_string_lossy().to_string(),
+                                    span: v.span,
-                                ));
+                                });
                             }
                         };
                         (path.to_string_lossy().to_string(), v.span)
@@ -100,17 +100,17 @@ impl Command for Cd {
                     let path = match nu_path::canonicalize_with(path_no_whitespace, &cwd) {
                         Ok(p) => {
                             if !p.is_dir() {
-                                return Err(ShellError::NotADirectory(v.span));
+                                return Err(ShellError::NotADirectory { span: v.span });
                             };
                             p
                         }
 
                         // if canonicalize failed, let's check to see if it's abbreviated
                         Err(_) => {
-                            return Err(ShellError::DirectoryNotFound(
+                            return Err(ShellError::DirectoryNotFound {
-                                v.span,
+                                dir: path_no_whitespace.to_string(),
-                                path_no_whitespace.to_string(),
+                                span: v.span,
-                            ));
+                            });
                         }
                     };
                     (path.to_string_lossy().to_string(), v.span)
@@ -135,9 +135,9 @@ impl Command for Cd {
                 stack.add_env_var("PWD".into(), path_value);
                 Ok(PipelineData::empty())
             }
-            PermissionResult::PermissionDenied(reason) => Err(ShellError::IOError(format!(
+            PermissionResult::PermissionDenied(reason) => Err(ShellError::IOError {
-                "Cannot change directory to {path}: {reason}"
+                msg: format!("Cannot change directory to {path}: {reason}"),
-            ))),
+            }),
         }
     }
 

crates/nu-command/src/filesystem/cp.rs

@@ -88,10 +88,10 @@ impl Command for Cp {
         let path_last_char = destination.as_os_str().to_string_lossy().chars().last();
         let is_directory = path_last_char == Some('/') || path_last_char == Some('\\');
         if is_directory && !destination.exists() {
-            return Err(ShellError::DirectoryNotFound(
+            return Err(ShellError::DirectoryNotFound {
-                dst.span,
+                dir: destination.to_string_lossy().to_string(),
-                destination.to_string_lossy().to_string(),
+                span: dst.span,
-            ));
+            });
         }
         let ctrlc = engine_state.ctrlc.clone();
         let span = call.head;
@@ -577,18 +577,36 @@ fn convert_io_error(error: std::io::Error, src: PathBuf, dst: PathBuf, span: Spa
         ErrorKind::PermissionDenied => match std::fs::metadata(&dst) {
             Ok(meta) => {
                 if meta.permissions().readonly() {
-                    ShellError::PermissionDeniedError(message_dst, span)
+                    ShellError::PermissionDeniedError {
+                        msg: message_dst,
+                        span,
+                    }
                 } else {
-                    ShellError::PermissionDeniedError(message_src, span)
+                    ShellError::PermissionDeniedError {
+                        msg: message_src,
+                        span,
                     }
                 }
-            Err(_) => ShellError::PermissionDeniedError(message_dst, span),
+            }
+            Err(_) => ShellError::PermissionDeniedError {
+                msg: message_dst,
+                span,
+            },
+        },
+        ErrorKind::Interrupted => ShellError::IOInterrupted {
+            msg: message_src,
+            span,
+        },
+        ErrorKind::OutOfMemory => ShellError::OutOfMemoryError {
+            msg: message_src,
+            span,
         },
-        ErrorKind::Interrupted => ShellError::IOInterrupted(message_src, span),
-        ErrorKind::OutOfMemory => ShellError::OutOfMemoryError(message_src, span),
         // TODO: handle ExecutableFileBusy etc. when io_error_more is stabilized
         // https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/86442
-        _ => ShellError::IOErrorSpanned(message_src, span),
+        _ => ShellError::IOErrorSpanned {
+            msg: message_src,
+            span,
+        },
     };
 
     Value::error(shell_error, span)

crates/nu-command/src/filesystem/mkdir.rs

@@ -69,12 +69,13 @@ impl Command for Mkdir {
             let dir_res = std::fs::create_dir_all(&dir);
 
             if let Err(reason) = dir_res {
-                return Err(ShellError::CreateNotPossible(
+                return Err(ShellError::CreateNotPossible {
-                    format!("failed to create directory: {reason}"),
+                    msg: format!("failed to create directory: {reason}"),
-                    call.positional_nth(i)
+                    span: call
+                        .positional_nth(i)
                         .expect("already checked through directories")
                         .span,
-                ));
+                });
             }
 
             if is_verbose {

crates/nu-command/src/filesystem/mktemp.rs

@@ -110,10 +110,14 @@ impl Command for Mktemp {
         };
 
         let res = match uu_mktemp::mktemp(&options) {
-            Ok(res) => res
+            Ok(res) => {
-                .into_os_string()
+                res.into_os_string()
                     .into_string()
-                .map_err(|e| ShellError::IOErrorSpanned(e.to_string_lossy().to_string(), span))?,
+                    .map_err(|e| ShellError::IOErrorSpanned {
+                        msg: e.to_string_lossy().to_string(),
+                        span,
+                    })?
+            }
             Err(e) => {
                 return Err(ShellError::GenericError(
                     format!("{}", e),

crates/nu-command/src/filesystem/mv.rs

@@ -260,10 +260,10 @@ fn move_file(
     };
 
     if !destination_dir_exists {
-        return Err(ShellError::DirectoryNotFound(
+        return Err(ShellError::DirectoryNotFound {
-            to_span,
+            dir: to.to_string_lossy().to_string(),
-            to.to_string_lossy().to_string(),
+            span: to_span,
-        ));
+        });
     }
 
     // This can happen when changing case on a case-insensitive filesystem (ex: changing foo to Foo on Windows)
@@ -275,10 +275,10 @@ fn move_file(
         let from_file_name = match from.file_name() {
             Some(name) => name,
             None => {
-                return Err(ShellError::DirectoryNotFound(
+                return Err(ShellError::DirectoryNotFound {
-                    to_span,
+                    dir: from.to_string_lossy().to_string(),
-                    from.to_string_lossy().to_string(),
+                    span: to_span,
-                ))
+                })
             }
         };
 

crates/nu-command/src/filesystem/open.rs

@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ impl Command for Open {
 
             for path in nu_engine::glob_from(&path, &cwd, call_span, None)
                 .map_err(|err| match err {
-                    ShellError::DirectoryNotFound(span, _) => ShellError::FileNotFound { span },
+                    ShellError::DirectoryNotFound { span, .. } => ShellError::FileNotFound { span },
                     _ => err,
                 })?
                 .1

crates/nu-command/src/filesystem/save.rs

@@ -162,9 +162,13 @@ impl Command for Save {
                 )?;
                 for val in ls {
                     file.write_all(&value_to_bytes(val)?)
-                        .map_err(|err| ShellError::IOError(err.to_string()))?;
+                        .map_err(|err| ShellError::IOError {
+                            msg: err.to_string(),
+                        })?;
                     file.write_all("\n".as_bytes())
-                        .map_err(|err| ShellError::IOError(err.to_string()))?;
+                        .map_err(|err| ShellError::IOError {
+                            msg: err.to_string(),
+                        })?;
                 }
                 file.flush()?;
 
@@ -184,8 +188,9 @@ impl Command for Save {
                     force,
                 )?;
 
-                file.write_all(&bytes)
+                file.write_all(&bytes).map_err(|err| ShellError::IOError {
-                    .map_err(|err| ShellError::IOError(err.to_string()))?;
+                    msg: err.to_string(),
+                })?;
 
                 file.flush()?;
 
@@ -453,7 +458,9 @@ fn stream_to_file(
 
             if let Err(err) = writer.write(&buf) {
                 *process_failed_p = true;
-                return Err(ShellError::IOError(err.to_string()));
+                return Err(ShellError::IOError {
+                    msg: err.to_string(),
+                });
             }
             Ok(())
         })

crates/nu-command/src/filesystem/touch.rs

@@ -136,12 +136,13 @@ impl Command for Touch {
             }
 
             if let Err(err) = OpenOptions::new().write(true).create(true).open(&item) {
-                return Err(ShellError::CreateNotPossible(
+                return Err(ShellError::CreateNotPossible {
-                    format!("Failed to create file: {err}"),
+                    msg: format!("Failed to create file: {err}"),
-                    call.positional_nth(index)
+                    span: call
+                        .positional_nth(index)
                         .expect("already checked positional")
                         .span,
-                ));
+                });
             };
 
             if change_mtime {

crates/nu-command/src/filesystem/watch.rs

@@ -83,10 +83,10 @@ impl Command for Watch {
         let path = match nu_path::canonicalize_with(path_no_whitespace, cwd) {
             Ok(p) => p,
             Err(_) => {
-                return Err(ShellError::DirectoryNotFound(
+                return Err(ShellError::DirectoryNotFound {
-                    path_arg.span,
+                    dir: path_no_whitespace.to_string(),
-                    path_no_whitespace.to_string(),
+                    span: path_arg.span,
-                ))
+                })
             }
         };
 
@@ -153,15 +153,15 @@ impl Command for Watch {
         let mut debouncer = match new_debouncer(debounce_duration, None, tx) {
             Ok(d) => d,
             Err(e) => {
-                return Err(ShellError::IOError(format!(
+                return Err(ShellError::IOError {
-                    "Failed to create watcher: {e}"
+                    msg: format!("Failed to create watcher: {e}"),
-                )))
+                })
             }
         };
         if let Err(e) = debouncer.watcher().watch(&path, recursive_mode) {
-            return Err(ShellError::IOError(format!(
+            return Err(ShellError::IOError {
-                "Failed to create watcher: {e}"
+                msg: format!("Failed to create watcher: {e}"),
-            )));
+            });
         }
         // need to cache to make sure that rename event works.
         debouncer.cache().add_root(&path, recursive_mode);
@@ -275,14 +275,14 @@ impl Command for Watch {
                     }
                 }
                 Ok(Err(_)) => {
-                    return Err(ShellError::IOError(
+                    return Err(ShellError::IOError {
-                        "Unexpected errors when receiving events".into(),
+                        msg: "Unexpected errors when receiving events".into(),
-                    ))
+                    })
                 }
                 Err(RecvTimeoutError::Disconnected) => {
-                    return Err(ShellError::IOError(
+                    return Err(ShellError::IOError {
-                        "Unexpected disconnect from file watcher".into(),
+                        msg: "Unexpected disconnect from file watcher".into(),
-                    ));
+                    });
                 }
                 Err(RecvTimeoutError::Timeout) => {}
             }

crates/nu-command/src/network/http/client.rs

@@ -209,9 +209,9 @@ pub fn send_request(
         }
         Value::List { vals, .. } if body_type == BodyType::Form => {
             if vals.len() % 2 != 0 {
-                return Err(ShellErrorOrRequestError::ShellError(ShellError::IOError(
+                return Err(ShellErrorOrRequestError::ShellError(ShellError::IOError {
-                    "unsupported body input".into(),
+                    msg: "unsupported body input".into(),
-                )));
+                }));
             }
 
             let data = vals
@@ -233,9 +233,9 @@ pub fn send_request(
             let data = value_to_json_value(&body)?;
             send_cancellable_request(&request_url, Box::new(|| request.send_json(data)), ctrl_c)
         }
-        _ => Err(ShellErrorOrRequestError::ShellError(ShellError::IOError(
+        _ => Err(ShellErrorOrRequestError::ShellError(ShellError::IOError {
-            "unsupported body input".into(),
+            msg: "unsupported body input".into(),
-        ))),
+        })),
     }
 }
 

crates/nu-command/src/path/exists.rs

@@ -135,7 +135,13 @@ fn exists(path: &Path, span: Span, args: &Arguments) -> Value {
         match path.try_exists() {
             Ok(exists) => exists,
             Err(err) => {
-                return Value::error(ShellError::IOErrorSpanned(err.to_string(), span), span)
+                return Value::error(
+                    ShellError::IOErrorSpanned {
+                        msg: err.to_string(),
+                        span,
+                    },
+                    span,
+                )
             }
         },
         span,

crates/nu-command/src/platform/clear.rs

@@ -36,7 +36,10 @@ impl Command for Clear {
             CommandSys::new("cmd")
                 .args(["/C", "cls"])
                 .status()
-                .map_err(|e| ShellError::IOErrorSpanned(e.to_string(), span))?;
+                .map_err(|e| ShellError::IOErrorSpanned {
+                    msg: e.to_string(),
+                    span,
+                })?;
         } else if cfg!(unix) {
             let mut cmd = CommandSys::new("/bin/sh");
 
@@ -46,7 +49,10 @@ impl Command for Clear {
 
             cmd.args(["-c", "clear"])
                 .status()
-                .map_err(|e| ShellError::IOErrorSpanned(e.to_string(), span))?;
+                .map_err(|e| ShellError::IOErrorSpanned {
+                    msg: e.to_string(),
+                    span,
+                })?;
         }
 
         Ok(Value::nothing(span).into_pipeline_data())

crates/nu-command/src/platform/input/input_.rs

@@ -110,7 +110,9 @@ impl Command for Input {
                                 {
                                     if k.modifiers == KeyModifiers::CONTROL && c == 'c' {
                                         crossterm::terminal::disable_raw_mode()?;
-                                        return Err(ShellError::IOError("SIGINT".to_string()));
+                                        return Err(ShellError::IOError {
+                                            msg: "SIGINT".to_string(),
+                                        });
                                     }
                                     continue;
                                 }

crates/nu-command/src/platform/input/list.rs

@@ -196,7 +196,9 @@ impl Command for InputList {
                 .items(&options)
                 .report(false)
                 .interact_on_opt(&Term::stderr())
-                .map_err(|err| ShellError::IOError(format!("{}: {}", INTERACT_ERROR, err)))?,
+                .map_err(|err| ShellError::IOError {
+                    msg: format!("{}: {}", INTERACT_ERROR, err),
+                })?,
             )
         } else if call.has_flag("fuzzy") {
             let fuzzy_select = FuzzySelect::new(); //::with_theme(&theme);
@@ -211,7 +213,9 @@ impl Command for InputList {
                 .default(0)
                 .report(false)
                 .interact_on_opt(&Term::stderr())
-                .map_err(|err| ShellError::IOError(format!("{}: {}", INTERACT_ERROR, err)))?,
+                .map_err(|err| ShellError::IOError {
+                    msg: format!("{}: {}", INTERACT_ERROR, err),
+                })?,
             )
         } else {
             let select = Select::new(); //::with_theme(&theme);
@@ -225,7 +229,9 @@ impl Command for InputList {
                 .default(0)
                 .report(false)
                 .interact_on_opt(&Term::stderr())
-                .map_err(|err| ShellError::IOError(format!("{}: {}", INTERACT_ERROR, err)))?,
+                .map_err(|err| ShellError::IOError {
+                    msg: format!("{}: {}", INTERACT_ERROR, err),
+                })?,
             )
         };
 

crates/nu-command/src/system/nu_check.rs

@@ -301,7 +301,9 @@ fn heuristic_parse_file(
                 }
             }
         } else {
-            Err(ShellError::IOError("Can not read input".to_string()))
+            Err(ShellError::IOError {
+                msg: "Can not read input".to_string(),
+            })
         }
     } else {
         Err(ShellError::NotFound { span: call.head })
@@ -402,7 +404,9 @@ fn parse_file_script(
                 call.head,
             )
         } else {
-            Err(ShellError::IOError("Can not read path".to_string()))
+            Err(ShellError::IOError {
+                msg: "Can not read path".to_string(),
+            })
         }
     } else {
         Err(ShellError::NotFound { span: call.head })
@@ -425,7 +429,9 @@ fn parse_file_module(
         if let Ok(contents) = std::fs::read(path) {
             parse_module(working_set, Some(filename), &contents, is_debug, call.head)
         } else {
-            Err(ShellError::IOError("Can not read path".to_string()))
+            Err(ShellError::IOError {
+                msg: "Can not read path".to_string(),
+            })
         }
     } else {
         Err(ShellError::NotFound { span: call.head })

crates/nu-engine/src/glob_from.rs

@@ -72,10 +72,10 @@ pub fn glob_from(
             let path = if let Ok(p) = canonicalize_with(path.clone(), cwd) {
                 p
             } else {
-                return Err(ShellError::DirectoryNotFound(
+                return Err(ShellError::DirectoryNotFound {
-                    pattern.span,
+                    dir: path.to_string_lossy().to_string(),
-                    path.to_string_lossy().to_string(),
+                    span: pattern.span,
-                ));
+                });
             };
             (path.parent().map(|parent| parent.to_path_buf()), path)
         }

crates/nu-explore/src/nu_common/command.rs

@@ -12,13 +12,17 @@ pub fn run_command_with_value(
     stack: &mut Stack,
 ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
     if is_ignored_command(command) {
-        return Err(ShellError::IOError(String::from("the command is ignored")));
+        return Err(ShellError::IOError {
+            msg: String::from("the command is ignored"),
+        });
     }
 
     let pipeline = PipelineData::Value(input.clone(), None);
     let pipeline = run_nu_command(engine_state, stack, command, pipeline)?;
     if let PipelineData::Value(Value::Error { error, .. }, ..) = pipeline {
-        Err(ShellError::IOError(error.to_string()))
+        Err(ShellError::IOError {
+            msg: error.to_string(),
+        })
     } else {
         Ok(pipeline)
     }
@@ -63,7 +67,9 @@ fn eval_source2(
         );
 
         if let Some(err) = working_set.parse_errors.first() {
-            return Err(ShellError::IOError(err.to_string()));
+            return Err(ShellError::IOError {
+                msg: err.to_string(),
+            });
         }
 
         (output, working_set.render())
@@ -71,7 +77,9 @@ fn eval_source2(
 
     // We need to merge different info other wise things like PIPEs etc will not work.
     if let Err(err) = engine_state.merge_delta(delta) {
-        return Err(ShellError::IOError(err.to_string()));
+        return Err(ShellError::IOError {
+            msg: err.to_string(),
+        });
     }
 
     // eval_block outputs all expressions except the last to STDOUT;

crates/nu-protocol/src/eval_const.rs

@@ -32,7 +32,9 @@ pub fn create_nu_constant(engine_state: &EngineState, span: Span) -> Result<Valu
             Value::string(path.to_string_lossy(), span)
         } else {
             Value::error(
-                ShellError::IOError("Could not get config directory".into()),
+                ShellError::IOError {
+                    msg: "Could not get config directory".into(),
+                },
                 span,
             )
         },
@@ -49,7 +51,9 @@ pub fn create_nu_constant(engine_state: &EngineState, span: Span) -> Result<Valu
             Value::string(path.to_string_lossy(), span)
         } else {
             Value::error(
-                ShellError::IOError("Could not get config directory".into()),
+                ShellError::IOError {
+                    msg: "Could not get config directory".into(),
+                },
                 span,
             )
         },
@@ -66,7 +70,9 @@ pub fn create_nu_constant(engine_state: &EngineState, span: Span) -> Result<Valu
             Value::string(path.to_string_lossy(), span)
         } else {
             Value::error(
-                ShellError::IOError("Could not find environment path".into()),
+                ShellError::IOError {
+                    msg: "Could not find environment path".into(),
+                },
                 span,
             )
         },
@@ -88,7 +94,9 @@ pub fn create_nu_constant(engine_state: &EngineState, span: Span) -> Result<Valu
             Value::string(canon_hist_path.to_string_lossy(), span)
         } else {
             Value::error(
-                ShellError::IOError("Could not find history path".into()),
+                ShellError::IOError {
+                    msg: "Could not find history path".into(),
+                },
                 span,
             )
         },
@@ -103,7 +111,9 @@ pub fn create_nu_constant(engine_state: &EngineState, span: Span) -> Result<Valu
             Value::string(canon_login_path.to_string_lossy(), span)
         } else {
             Value::error(
-                ShellError::IOError("Could not find login shell path".into()),
+                ShellError::IOError {
+                    msg: "Could not find login shell path".into(),
+                },
                 span,
             )
         },
@@ -123,7 +133,9 @@ pub fn create_nu_constant(engine_state: &EngineState, span: Span) -> Result<Valu
                 Value::string(plugin_path.to_string_lossy(), span)
             } else {
                 Value::error(
-                    ShellError::IOError("Could not get plugin signature location".into()),
+                    ShellError::IOError {
+                        msg: "Could not get plugin signature location".into(),
+                    },
                     span,
                 )
             },
@@ -136,7 +148,12 @@ pub fn create_nu_constant(engine_state: &EngineState, span: Span) -> Result<Valu
             let canon_home_path = canonicalize_path(engine_state, &path);
             Value::string(canon_home_path.to_string_lossy(), span)
         } else {
-            Value::error(ShellError::IOError("Could not get home path".into()), span)
+            Value::error(
+                ShellError::IOError {
+                    msg: "Could not get home path".into(),
+                },
+                span,
+            )
         },
     );
 
@@ -178,7 +195,9 @@ pub fn create_nu_constant(engine_state: &EngineState, span: Span) -> Result<Valu
             Value::string(current_exe.to_string_lossy(), span)
         } else {
             Value::error(
-                ShellError::IOError("Could not get current executable path".to_string()),
+                ShellError::IOError {
+                    msg: "Could not get current executable path".to_string(),
+                },
                 span,
             )
         },

crates/nu-protocol/src/shell_error.rs

@@ -765,7 +765,11 @@ pub enum ShellError {
     /// This is a generic error. Refer to the specific error message for further details.
     #[error("I/O interrupted")]
     #[diagnostic(code(nu::shell::io_interrupted))]
-    IOInterrupted(String, #[label("{0}")] Span),
+    IOInterrupted {
+        msg: String,
+        #[label("{msg}")]
+        span: Span,
+    },
 
     /// An I/O operation failed.
     ///
@@ -773,8 +777,8 @@ pub enum ShellError {
     ///
     /// This is a generic error. Refer to the specific error message for further details.
     #[error("I/O error")]
-    #[diagnostic(code(nu::shell::io_error), help("{0}"))]
+    #[diagnostic(code(nu::shell::io_error), help("{msg}"))]
-    IOError(String),
+    IOError { msg: String },
 
     /// An I/O operation failed.
     ///
@@ -783,7 +787,11 @@ pub enum ShellError {
     /// This is a generic error. Refer to the specific error message for further details.
     #[error("I/O error")]
     #[diagnostic(code(nu::shell::io_error))]
-    IOErrorSpanned(String, #[label("{0}")] Span),
+    IOErrorSpanned {
+        msg: String,
+        #[label("{msg}")]
+        span: Span,
+    },
 
     /// Permission for an operation was denied.
     ///
@@ -792,7 +800,11 @@ pub enum ShellError {
     /// This is a generic error. Refer to the specific error message for further details.
     #[error("Permission Denied")]
     #[diagnostic(code(nu::shell::permission_denied))]
-    PermissionDeniedError(String, #[label("{0}")] Span),
+    PermissionDeniedError {
+        msg: String,
+        #[label("{msg}")]
+        span: Span,
+    },
 
     /// Out of memory.
     ///
@@ -801,7 +813,11 @@ pub enum ShellError {
     /// This is a generic error. Refer to the specific error message for further details.
     #[error("Out of memory")]
     #[diagnostic(code(nu::shell::out_of_memory))]
-    OutOfMemoryError(String, #[label("{0}")] Span),
+    OutOfMemoryError {
+        msg: String,
+        #[label("{msg}")]
+        span: Span,
+    },
 
     /// Tried to `cd` to a path that isn't a directory.
     ///
@@ -810,7 +826,10 @@ pub enum ShellError {
     /// Make sure the path is a directory. It currently exists, but is of some other type, like a file.
     #[error("Cannot change to directory")]
     #[diagnostic(code(nu::shell::cannot_cd_to_directory))]
-    NotADirectory(#[label("is not a directory")] Span),
+    NotADirectory {
+        #[label("is not a directory")]
+        span: Span,
+    },
 
     /// Attempted to perform an operation on a directory that doesn't exist.
     ///
@@ -818,8 +837,12 @@ pub enum ShellError {
     ///
     /// Make sure the directory in the error message actually exists before trying again.
     #[error("Directory not found")]
-    #[diagnostic(code(nu::shell::directory_not_found), help("{1} does not exist"))]
+    #[diagnostic(code(nu::shell::directory_not_found), help("{dir} does not exist"))]
-    DirectoryNotFound(#[label("directory not found")] Span, String),
+    DirectoryNotFound {
+        dir: String,
+        #[label("directory not found")]
+        span: Span,
+    },
 
     /// Attempted to perform an operation on a directory that doesn't exist.
     ///
@@ -828,7 +851,11 @@ pub enum ShellError {
     /// Make sure the directory in the error message actually exists before trying again.
     #[error("Directory not found")]
     #[diagnostic(code(nu::shell::directory_not_found_custom))]
-    DirectoryNotFoundCustom(String, #[label("{0}")] Span),
+    DirectoryNotFoundCustom {
+        msg: String,
+        #[label("{msg}")]
+        span: Span,
+    },
 
     /// The requested move operation cannot be completed. This is typically because both paths exist,
     /// but are of different types. For example, you might be trying to overwrite an existing file with
@@ -858,7 +885,11 @@ pub enum ShellError {
     #[error("Move not possible")]
     #[diagnostic(code(nu::shell::move_not_possible_single))]
     // NOTE: Currently not actively used.
-    MoveNotPossibleSingle(String, #[label("{0}")] Span),
+    MoveNotPossibleSingle {
+        msg: String,
+        #[label("{msg}")]
+        span: Span,
+    },
 
     /// Failed to create either a file or directory.
     ///
@@ -867,7 +898,11 @@ pub enum ShellError {
     /// This is a fairly generic error. Refer to the specific error message for further details.
     #[error("Create not possible")]
     #[diagnostic(code(nu::shell::create_not_possible))]
-    CreateNotPossible(String, #[label("{0}")] Span),
+    CreateNotPossible {
+        msg: String,
+        #[label("{msg}")]
+        span: Span,
+    },
 
     /// Changing the access time ("atime") of this file is not possible.
     ///
@@ -1201,19 +1236,25 @@ impl ShellError {
 
 impl From<std::io::Error> for ShellError {
     fn from(input: std::io::Error) -> ShellError {
-        ShellError::IOError(format!("{input:?}"))
+        ShellError::IOError {
+            msg: format!("{input:?}"),
+        }
     }
 }
 
 impl std::convert::From<Box<dyn std::error::Error>> for ShellError {
     fn from(input: Box<dyn std::error::Error>) -> ShellError {
-        ShellError::IOError(input.to_string())
+        ShellError::IOError {
+            msg: input.to_string(),
+        }
     }
 }
 
 impl From<Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> for ShellError {
     fn from(input: Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>) -> ShellError {
-        ShellError::IOError(format!("{input:?}"))
+        ShellError::IOError {
+            msg: format!("{input:?}"),
+        }
     }
 }
 

crates/nu-protocol/src/util.rs

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ impl<R: Read> Iterator for BufferedReader<R> {
                     Some(Ok(result))
                 }
             }
-            Err(e) => Some(Err(ShellError::IOError(e.to_string()))),
+            Err(e) => Some(Err(ShellError::IOError { msg: e.to_string() })),
         }
     }
 }