Fix exponential parser time on sequence of [[[[ (#10439)

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# Description
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Before this change, parsing `[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[` would cause nushell
to consume several gigabytes of memory, now it should be linear in time.

The old code first tried parsing the head of the table as a list and
then after that it checked if it got more arguments. If it didn't, it
throws away the previous result and tries to parse the whole thing as a
list, which means we call `parse_list_expression` twice for each call to
`parse_table_expression`, resulting in the exponential growth

The fix is to simply check that we have all the arguments we need before
parsing the head of the table, so we know that we will either call
parse_list_expression only on sub-expressions or on the whole thing,
never both.

Fixes #10438


# User-Facing Changes
Should give a noticable speedup when typing a sequence of `[[[[[[` open
brackets
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# Tests + Formatting

I would like to add tests, but I'm not sure how to do that without
crashing CI with OOM on regression

- [x] Don't forget to add tests that cover your changes.
- [x] `cargo fmt --all -- --check` to check standard code formatting
(`cargo fmt --all` applies these changes)
- [x] `cargo clippy --workspace -- -D warnings -D clippy::unwrap_used`
to check that you're using the standard code style
- [x] `cargo test --workspace` to check that all tests pass (on Windows
make sure to [enable developer
mode](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/apps/get-started/developer-mode-features-and-debugging))
- [x] `cargo run -- -c "use std testing; testing run-tests --path
crates/nu-std"` to run the tests for the standard library
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# After Submitting
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crates/nu-parser/src/parser.rs

@@ -4004,29 +4004,18 @@ fn parse_table_expression(working_set: &mut StateWorkingSet, span: Span) -> Expr
         working_set.error(err);
     }
 
-    let head = if let Some(first) = tokens.first() {
-        if working_set.get_span_contents(first.span).starts_with(b"[") {
-            parse_list_expression(working_set, first.span, &SyntaxShape::Any)
-        } else {
-            return parse_list_expression(working_set, span, &SyntaxShape::Any);
-        }
-    } else {
+    // Check that we have all arguments first, before trying to parse the first
+    // in order to avoid exponential parsing time
+    let [first, second, rest @ ..] = &tokens[..] else {
         return parse_list_expression(working_set, span, &SyntaxShape::Any);
     };
-
-    if tokens
-        .get(1)
-        .filter(|second| second.contents == TokenContents::Semicolon)
-        .is_none()
+    if !working_set.get_span_contents(first.span).starts_with(b"[")
+        || second.contents != TokenContents::Semicolon
+        || rest.is_empty()
     {
         return parse_list_expression(working_set, span, &SyntaxShape::Any);
     };
-
-    let rest = &tokens[2..];
-    if rest.is_empty() {
-        return parse_list_expression(working_set, span, &SyntaxShape::Any);
-    }
-
+    let head = parse_list_expression(working_set, first.span, &SyntaxShape::Any);
     let head = {
         let Expression {
             expr: Expr::List(vals),

src/tests/test_parser.rs

@@ -455,6 +455,13 @@ fn single_value_row_condition() -> TestResult {
     )
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn performance_nested_lists() -> TestResult {
+    // Parser used to be exponential on deeply nested lists
+    // TODO: Add a timeout
+    fail_test(r#"[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[["#, "Unexpected end of code")
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn unary_not_1() -> TestResult {
     run_test(r#"not false"#, "true")