add rendered and json error messages in try/catch (#14082)

# Description

This PR adds a couple more options for dealing with try/catch errors. It
adds a `json` version of the error and a `rendered` version of the
error. It also respects the error_style configuration point.

![image](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/32574f07-f511-40c0-8b57-de5f6f13a9c4)


# User-Facing Changes
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# Tests + Formatting
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crates/nu-command/tests/commands/try_.rs

@@ -126,3 +126,20 @@ fn prints_only_if_last_pipeline() {
     let actual = nu!("try { ['should not print'] | every 1 }; 'last value'");
     assert_eq!(actual.out, "last value");
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn get_error_columns() {
+    let actual = nu!(" try { non_existent_command } catch {|err| $err} | columns | to json -r");
+    assert_eq!(
+        actual.out,
+        "[\"msg\",\"debug\",\"raw\",\"rendered\",\"json\"]"
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn get_json_error() {
+    let actual = nu!("try { non_existent_command } catch {|err| $err} | get json | from json | update labels.span {{start: 0 end: 0}} | to json -r");
+    assert_eq!(
+        actual.out, "{\"msg\":\"External command failed\",\"labels\":[{\"text\":\"Command `non_existent_command` not found\",\"span\":{\"start\":0,\"end\":0}}],\"code\":\"nu::shell::external_command\",\"url\":null,\"help\":\"`non_existent_command` is neither a Nushell built-in or a known external command\",\"inner\":[]}"
+    );
+}