# Description
Close: #10278
This pr introduces `o>>`, `e>>`, `o+e>>` to allow redirection to append
to a file.
Examples:
```nushell
echo abc o>> a.txt
echo abc o>> a.txt
cat asdf e>> a.txt
cat asdf e>> a.txt
cat asdf o+e>> a.txt
```
~~TODO:~~
~~1. currently internal commands with `o+e>` redirect to a variable is
broken: `let x = "a.txt"; echo abc o+e> $x`, not sure when it was
introduced...~~
~~2. redirect stdout and stderr with append mode doesn't supported yet:
`cat asdf o>>a.txt e>>b.ext`~~
~~For these 2 items, I'd like to fix them in different prs.~~
Already done in this pr
# Description
Fixes: #10271
Given the following script:
```shell
# test.sh
echo aaaaa
echo bbbbb 1>&2
echo cc
```
This pr makes the following command possible:
```nushell
bash test.sh err> /dev/null | lines | each {|line| $line | str length}
```
## General idea behind the change:
When nushell redirect stderr message to external file
1. it take stdout of external stream, and pass this stream to next
command, so it won't block next pipeline command from running.
2. relative stderr stream are handled by `save` command
These two streams are handled separately, so we need to delegate a
thread to `save` command, or else we'll have a chance to hang nushell,
we have meet a similar before: #5625.
### One case to consider
What if we're failed to save to an external stream? (Like we don't have
a permission to save to a file)?
In this case nushell will just print a waning message, and don't stop
the following scripts from running.
# User-Facing Changes
## Before
```nushell
❯ bash test2.sh err> /dev/null | lines | each {|line| $line | str length}
aaaaa
cc
```
## After
```nushell
❯ bash test2.sh err> /dev/null | lines | each {|line| $line | str length}
╭───┬───╮
│ 0 │ 5 │
│ 1 │ 2 │
╰───┴───╯
```
BTY, after this pr, the following commands are impossible either, it's
important to make sure that the implementation doesn't introduce too
much costs:
```nushell
❯ echo a e> a.txt e> a.txt
Error: × Can't make stderr redirection twice
╭─[entry #1:1:1]
1 │ echo a e> a.txt e> a.txt
· ─┬
· ╰── try to remove one
╰────
❯ echo a o> a.txt o> a.txt
Error: × Can't make stdout redirection twice
╭─[entry #2:1:1]
1 │ echo a o> a.txt o> a.txt
· ─┬
· ╰── try to remove one
╰────
```
# Description
Replaces the only usage of `Value::follow_cell_path_not_from_user_input`
with some `Record::get`s.
# User-Facing Changes
Breaking change for `nu-protocol`, since
`Value::follow_cell_path_not_from_user_input` was deleted.
Nushell now reports errors for when environment conversions are not
closures.
# Description
Since #10841 the goal is to remove the implementation details of
`Record` outside of core operations.
To this end use Record iterators and map-like accessors in a bunch of
places. In this PR I try to collect the boring cases where I don't
expect any dramatic performance impacts or don't have doubts about the
correctness afterwards
- Use checked record construction in `nu_plugin_example`
- Use `Record::into_iter` in `columns`
- Use `Record` iterators in `headers` cmd
- Use explicit record iterators in `split-by`
- Use `Record::into_iter` in variable completions
- Use `Record::values` iterator in `into sqlite`
- Use `Record::iter_mut` for-loop in `default`
- Change `nu_engine::nonexistent_column` to use iterator
- Use `Record::columns` iter in `nu-cmd-base`
- Use `Record::get_index` in `nu-command/network/http`
- Use `Record.insert()` in `merge`
- Refactor `move` to use encapsulated record API
- Use `Record.insert()` in `explore`
- Use proper `Record` API in `explore`
- Remove defensiveness around record in `explore`
- Use encapsulated record API in more `nu-command`s
# User-Facing Changes
None intentional
# Tests + Formatting
(-)
# Description
Changes the `captures` field in `Closure` from a `HashMap` to a `Vec`
and makes `Stack::captures_to_stack` take an owned `Vec` instead of a
borrowed `HashMap`.
This eliminates the conversion to a `Vec` inside `captures_to_stack` and
makes it possible to avoid clones altogether when using an owned
`Closure` (which is the case for most commands). Additionally, using a
`Vec` reduces the size of `Value` by 8 bytes (down to 72).
# User-Facing Changes
Breaking API change for `nu-protocol`.
# Description
Consequences of #10841
This does not yet make the assumption that columns are always
duplicated. Follow the existing logic here
- Use saner record API in `nu-engine/src/eval.rs`
- Use checked record construction in `nu-engine/src/scope.rs`
- Use `values` iterator in `nu-engine/src/scope.rs`
- Use `columns` iterator in `nu_engine::get_columns()`
- Start using record API in `value/mod.rs`
- Use `.insert` in `eval_const.rs` Record code
- Record API for `eval_const.rs` table code
# User-Facing Changes
None
# Tests + Formatting
None
# Description
Pretty much all operations/commands in Nushell assume that the column
names/keys in a record and thus also in a table (which consists of a
list of records) are unique.
Access through a string-like cell path should refer to a single column
or key/value pair and our output through `table` will only show the last
mention of a repeated column name.
```nu
[[a a]; [1 2]]
╭─#─┬─a─╮
│ 0 │ 2 │
╰───┴───╯
```
While the record parsing already either errors with the
`ShellError::ColumnDefinedTwice` or silently overwrites the first
occurence with the second occurence, the table literal syntax `[[header
columns]; [val1 val2]]` currently still allowed the creation of tables
(and internally records with more than one entry with the same name.
This is not only confusing, but also breaks some assumptions around how
we can efficiently perform operations or in the past lead to outright
bugs (e.g. #8431 fixed by #8446).
This PR proposes to make this an error.
After this change another hole which allowed the construction of records
with non-unique column names will be plugged.
## Parts
- Fix `SE::ColumnDefinedTwice` error code
- Remove previous tests permitting duplicate columns
- Deny duplicate column in table literal eval
- Deny duplicate column in const eval
- Deny duplicate column in `from nuon`
# User-Facing Changes
`[[a a]; [1 2]]` will now return an error:
```
Error: nu:🐚:column_defined_twice
× Record field or table column used twice
╭─[entry #2:1:1]
1 │ [[a a]; [1 2]]
· ┬ ┬
· │ ╰── field redefined here
· ╰── field first defined here
╰────
```
this may under rare circumstances block code from evaluating.
Furthermore this makes some NUON files invalid if they previously
contained tables with repeated column names.
# Tests + Formatting
Added tests for each of the different evaluation paths that materialize
tables.
# Description
Changes `FromValue` to take owned `Value`s instead of borrowed `Value`s.
This eliminates some unnecessary clones (e.g., in `call_ext.rs`).
# User-Facing Changes
Breaking API change for `nu_protocol`.
# Description
Reuses the existing `Closure` type in `Value::Closure`. This will help
with the span refactoring for `Value`. Additionally, this allows us to
more easily box or unbox the `Closure` case should we chose to do so in
the future.
# User-Facing Changes
Breaking API change for `nu_protocol`.
# Description
Currently the following command is broken:
```nushell
echo a o+e> 1.txt
```
It's because we don't redirect output of `echo` command. This pr is
trying to fix it.
related to
- https://github.com/nushell/nushell/pull/10478
# Description
this PR is the followup removal to
https://github.com/nushell/nushell/pull/10478.
# User-Facing Changes
`$nothing` is now an undefined variable, unless define by the user.
```nushell
> $nothing
Error: nu::parser::variable_not_found
× Variable not found.
╭─[entry #1:1:1]
1 │ $nothing
· ────┬───
· ╰── variable not found.
╰────
```
# Tests + Formatting
# After Submitting
mention that in release notes
# Description
The issue #10318 is resolved by introducing helper methods within the
existing `get_documentation` function in the nu-engine crate. Initially,
I considered using nu-color-config crate to convert HEX config color to
ANSI color and employing the following method
[https://github.com/nushell/nushell/blob/main/crates/nu-color-config/src/color_config.rs#L9C1-L20C2](https://github.com/nushell/nushell/blob/main/crates/nu-color-config/src/color_config.rs#L9C1-L20C2).
However, this approach was deemed impractical due to circular
dependencies. Consequently, in a manner akin to how we invoke the
`table` command from the nu-command crate in `get_documentation`
function to create a themed-colored table, we invoke the `ansi` command
from nu-command to obtain the ANSI theme color code.
# User-Facing Changes
Visual Changes Only: the help command now uses configured theme, else it
falls back on default hard coded values.
# Tests + Formatting
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Make sure you've run and fixed any issues with these commands:
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mode](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/apps/get-started/developer-mode-features-and-debugging))
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crates/nu-std"` to run the tests for the standard library
> **Note**
> from `nushell` you can also use the `toolkit` as follows
> ```bash
> use toolkit.nu # or use an `env_change` hook to activate it
automatically
> toolkit check pr
> ```
-->
# After Submitting
<!-- If your PR had any user-facing changes, update [the
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This pr fix clippy warnings in latest clippy version(1.72.0):
Unfortunally it's not easy to handle for [try
fold](https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-clippy/master/index.html#/manual_try_fold)
warning in `start command`
Refer to known issue:
> This lint doesn’t take into account whether a function does something
on the failure case, i.e., whether short-circuiting will affect
behavior. Refactoring to try_fold is not desirable in those cases.
That's the case for our code, which does something on the failure case.
So this pr is making a little refactor on `try_commands`.
code cleanup of *eval.rs*
I was reviewing the engine code and noticed this...
The *eval_element_with_input* method in eval.rs does not need to be
public at the moment
because no one is calling it...
@jntrnr is making this method not public going to block someone in the
future who might need it ?
Right now its not being used so I decided to tighten up the API a bit...
# Description
The description `Custom` doesn't really reflect meaning in the set of
`SyntaxShape`. Makes it a bit more verbose but explicit
# User-Facing Changes
Only hypothetically breaking as plugins can not effectively use a
requirement on `SyntaxShape::Custom`.
# Tests + Formatting
(-)
related to
- https://github.com/nushell/nushell/pull/9973
- https://github.com/nushell/nushell/pull/9918
thanks to @jntrnr and their super useful tips on this PR, i learned
about the parser + evaluation, so 🙏
# Description
because we already have `null` as the value of the type `nothing` and as
a followup to the two other attempts of mine, i propose to remove the
redundant `$nothing` built-in variable 😋
this PR is the first step, deprecating `$nothing`.
a followup PR will remove it altogether and wait for 0.87 👍⚙️ **details**: a new `NOTHING_VARIABLE_ID = 3` has been added,
parsing `$nothing` will create it, finally a `Value::Nothing` will be
produced and a warning will be reported.
this PR already fixes the `toolkit.nu` module so that it does not throw
a bunch of warnings each time 👌
# User-Facing Changes
`$nothing` is now deprecated and will be removed in 0.87
```nushell
> $nothing
Error: × Deprecated variable
╭─[entry #1:1:1]
1 │ $nothing
· ────┬───
· ╰── `$nothing` is deprecated and will be removed in 0.87.
╰────
help: Use `null` instead
```
# Tests + Formatting
tests have been updated, especially
- `nothing_fails_string`
- `nothing_fails_int`
which use a variable called `nil` now to make sure `nothing` does not
support cell paths 👍
# After Submitting
classic deprecation mention 👍
Fixes: #10476
After the change, the error message will be something like this:
```nushell
❯ not null
Error: nu:🐚:type_mismatch
× Type mismatch.
╭─[entry #11:1:1]
1 │ not null
· ──┬─
· ╰── expected bool, found nothing
╰────
```
should close https://github.com/nushell/nushell/issues/10406
# Description
when writing a script, with variables you try to `ls` or `open`, you
will get a "directory not found" error but the variable won't be
expanded and you won't be able to see which one of the variable was the
issue...
this PR adds this information to the error.
# User-Facing Changes
let's define a variable
```nushell
let does_not_exist = "i_do_not_exist_in_the_current_directory"
```
### before
```nushell
> open $does_not_exist
Error: nu:🐚:directory_not_found
× Directory not found
╭─[entry #7:1:1]
1 │ open $does_not_exist
· ───────┬───────
· ╰── directory not found
╰────
```
```nushell
> ls $does_not_exist
Error: nu:🐚:directory_not_found
× Directory not found
╭─[entry #8:1:1]
1 │ ls $does_not_exist
· ───────┬───────
· ╰── directory not found
╰────
```
### after
```nushell
> open $does_not_exist
Error: nu:🐚:directory_not_found
× Directory not found
╭─[entry #3:1:1]
1 │ open $does_not_exist
· ───────┬───────
· ╰── directory not found
╰────
help: /home/amtoine/documents/repos/github.com/amtoine/nushell/i_do_not_exist_in_the_current_directory does not exist
```
```nushell
> ls $does_not_exist
Error: nu:🐚:directory_not_found
× Directory not found
╭─[entry #4:1:1]
1 │ ls $does_not_exist
· ───────┬───────
· ╰── directory not found
╰────
help: /home/amtoine/documents/repos/github.com/amtoine/nushell/i_do_not_exist_in_the_current_directory does not exist
```
# Tests + Formatting
shouldn't harm anything 🤞
# After Submitting
# Description
This removes pipeline element profiling. This could be a useful feature,
but pipeline elements are going to be the most sensitive to in terms of
performance, as `eval_block` and how pipelines are built is one of the
hot loops inside of the eval engine.
# User-Facing Changes
Removes pipeline element profiling.
# Tests + Formatting
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Make sure you've run and fixed any issues with these commands:
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> **Note**
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> ```bash
> use toolkit.nu # or use an `env_change` hook to activate it
automatically
> toolkit check pr
> ```
-->
# After Submitting
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# Description
before this PR,
```nushell
> $.a.b | describe
cell path
```
which feels inconsistent with the `cell-path` type annotation, like in
```nushell
> def foo [x: cell-path] { $x | describe }; foo $.a.b
cell path
```
this PR changes the name of the "cell path" type from `cell path` to
`cell-path`
# User-Facing Changes
`cell path` is now `cell-path` in the output of `describe`.
this might be a breaking change in some scripts.
same goes with
- `list stream` -> `list-stream`
- `match pattern` -> `match-pattern`
# Tests + Formatting
- 🟢 `toolkit fmt`
- 🟢 `toolkit clippy`
- ⚫ `toolkit test`
- ⚫ `toolkit test stdlib`
this PR adds a new `cell_path_type` test to make sure it stays equal to
`cell-path` in the future.
# After Submitting
---------
Co-authored-by: Darren Schroeder <343840+fdncred@users.noreply.github.com>
Fix https://github.com/nushell/nushell/issues/10136
# Description
Current nushell only handle path containing '*' as match pattern and
treat '?' as just normal path.
This pr makes path containing '?' is also processed as pattern.
🔴 **Concerns: Need to design/comfirm a consistent rule to handle
dirs/files with '?' in their names.**
Currently:
- if no dir has exactly same name with pattern, it will print the list
of matched directories
- if pattern exactly matches an empty dir's name, it will just print the
empty dir's content ( i.e. `[]`)
- if pattern exactly matches an dir's name, it will perform pattern
match and print all the dir contains
e.g.
```bash
mkdir src
ls s?c
```
| name | type | size | modified |
| ---- | ---- | ------ | --------------------------------------------- |
| src | dir | 1.1 KB | Tue, 29 Aug 2023 07:39:41 +0900 (9 hours ago) |
-----------
```bash
mkdir src
mkdir scc
mkdir scs
ls s?c
```
| name | type | size | modified |
| ---- | ---- | ------ |
------------------------------------------------ |
| scc | dir | 64 B | Tue, 29 Aug 2023 16:55:31 +0900 (14 seconds ago) |
| src | dir | 1.1 KB | Tue, 29 Aug 2023 07:39:41 +0900 (9 hours ago) |
-----------
```bash
mkdir s?c
ls s?c
```
print empty (i.e. ls of dir `s?c`)
-----------
```bash
mkdir -p s?c/test
ls s?c
```
|name|type|size|modified|
|-|-|-|-|
|s?c/test|dir|64 B|Tue, 29 Aug 2023 16:47:53 +0900 (2 minutes ago)|
|src/bytes|dir|480 B|Fri, 25 Aug 2023 17:43:52 +0900 (3 days ago)|
|src/charting|dir|160 B|Fri, 25 Aug 2023 17:43:52 +0900 (3 days ago)|
|src/conversions|dir|160 B|Fri, 25 Aug 2023 17:43:52 +0900 (3 days ago)|
-----------
# User-Facing Changes
User will be able to use '?' to match directory/file.
# Tests + Formatting
- 🟢 `toolkit fmt`
- 🟢 `toolkit clippy`
- 🟢 `toolkit test`
- 🟢 `toolkit test stdlib`
# After Submitting
None
---------
Co-authored-by: Horasal <horsal@horsal.dev>
# Description
As part of the refactor to split spans off of Value, this moves to using
helper functions to create values, and using `.span()` instead of
matching span out of Value directly.
Hoping to get a few more helping hands to finish this, as there are a
lot of commands to update :)
# User-Facing Changes
<!-- List of all changes that impact the user experience here. This
helps us keep track of breaking changes. -->
# Tests + Formatting
<!--
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Make sure you've run and fixed any issues with these commands:
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check that you're using the standard code style
- `cargo test --workspace` to check that all tests pass (on Windows make
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mode](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/apps/get-started/developer-mode-features-and-debugging))
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crates/nu-std"` to run the tests for the standard library
> **Note**
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> ```bash
> use toolkit.nu # or use an `env_change` hook to activate it
automatically
> toolkit check pr
> ```
-->
# After Submitting
<!-- If your PR had any user-facing changes, update [the
documentation](https://github.com/nushell/nushell.github.io) after the
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---------
Co-authored-by: Darren Schroeder <343840+fdncred@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: WindSoilder <windsoilder@outlook.com>
# Description
This doesn't really do much that the user could see, but it helps get us
ready to do the steps of the refactor to split the span off of Value, so
that values can be spanless. This allows us to have top-level values
that can hold both a Value and a Span, without requiring that all values
have them.
We expect to see significant memory reduction by removing so many
unnecessary spans from values. For example, a table of 100,000 rows and
5 columns would have a savings of ~8megs in just spans that are almost
always duplicated.
# User-Facing Changes
Nothing yet
# Tests + Formatting
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crates/nu-std"` to run the tests for the standard library
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# After Submitting
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# Description
This PR creates a new `Record` type to reduce duplicate code and
possibly bugs as well. (This is an edited version of #9648.)
- `Record` implements `FromIterator` and `IntoIterator` and so can be
iterated over or collected into. For example, this helps with
conversions to and from (hash)maps. (Also, no more
`cols.iter().zip(vals)`!)
- `Record` has a `push(col, val)` function to help insure that the
number of columns is equal to the number of values. I caught a few
potential bugs thanks to this (e.g. in the `ls` command).
- Finally, this PR also adds a `record!` macro that helps simplify
record creation. It is used like so:
```rust
record! {
"key1" => some_value,
"key2" => Value::string("text", span),
"key3" => Value::int(optional_int.unwrap_or(0), span),
"key4" => Value::bool(config.setting, span),
}
```
Since macros hinder formatting, etc., the right hand side values should
be relatively short and sweet like the examples above.
Where possible, prefer `record!` or `.collect()` on an iterator instead
of multiple `Record::push`s, since the first two automatically set the
record capacity and do less work overall.
# User-Facing Changes
Besides the changes in `nu-protocol` the only other breaking changes are
to `nu-table::{ExpandedTable::build_map, JustTable::kv_table}`.
# Description
This PR bumps nushell from release version 0.84.0 to dev version 0.84.1.
# User-Facing Changes
<!-- List of all changes that impact the user experience here. This
helps us keep track of breaking changes. -->
# Tests + Formatting
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Make sure you've run and fixed any issues with these commands:
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- `cargo test --workspace` to check that all tests pass
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crates/nu-std"` to run the tests for the standard library
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> ```bash
> use toolkit.nu # or use an `env_change` hook to activate it
automatically
> toolkit check pr
> ```
-->
# After Submitting
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# Description
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https://github.com/nushell/nushell/pull/9773 introduced constants to
modules and allowed to export them, but only within one level. This PR:
* allows recursive exporting of constants from all submodules
* fixes submodule imports in a list import pattern
* makes sure exported constants are actual constants
Should unblock https://github.com/nushell/nushell/pull/9678
### Example:
```nushell
module spam {
export module eggs {
export module bacon {
export const viking = 'eats'
}
}
}
use spam
print $spam.eggs.bacon.viking # prints 'eats'
use spam [eggs]
print $eggs.bacon.viking # prints 'eats'
use spam eggs bacon viking
print $viking # prints 'eats'
```
### Limitation 1:
Considering the above `spam` module, attempting to get `eggs bacon` from
`spam` module doesn't work directly:
```nushell
use spam [ eggs bacon ] # attempts to load `eggs`, then `bacon`
use spam [ "eggs bacon" ] # obviously wrong name for a constant, but doesn't work also for commands
```
Workaround (for example):
```nushell
use spam eggs
use eggs [ bacon ]
print $bacon.viking # prints 'eats'
```
I'm thinking I'll just leave it in, as you can easily work around this.
It is also a limitation of the import pattern in general, not just
constants.
### Limitation 2:
`overlay use` successfully imports the constants, but `overlay hide`
does not hide them, even though it seems to hide normal variables
successfully. This needs more investigation.
# User-Facing Changes
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helps us keep track of breaking changes. -->
Allows recursive constant exports from submodules.
# Tests + Formatting
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# After Submitting
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# Description
* All output of `scope` commands is sorted by the "name" column. (`scope
externs` and some other commands had entries in a weird/random order)
* The output of `scope externs` does not have extra newlines (that was
due to wrong usage creation of known externals)
# Description
In the past we named the process of completely removing a command and
providing a basic error message pointing to the new alternative
"deprecation".
But this doesn't match the expectation of most users that have seen
deprecation _warnings_ that alert to either impending removal or
discouraged use after a stability promise.
# User-Facing Changes
Command category changed from `deprecated` to `removed`
# Description
This PR does three related changes:
* Keeps the originally declared name in help outputs.
* Updates the name of the commands called `main` in the user script to
the name of the script.
* Fixes the source of signature information in multiple places. This
allows scripts to have more complete help output.
Combined, the above allow the user to see the script name in the help
output of scripts, like so:
![image](https://github.com/nushell/nushell/assets/547158/741d192c-0a39-45a7-8f36-3a0dc8eeae2b)
NOTE: You still declare and call the definition `main`, so from inside
the script `main` is still the correct name. But multiple folks agreed
that seeing `main` in the script help was confusing, so this PR changes
that.
# User-Facing Changes
One potential minor breaking change is that module renames will be shown
as their originally defined name rather than the renamed name. I believe
this to be a better default.
# Tests + Formatting
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# Description
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Relative: #8248
After this pr, user can define const variable inside a module.
![image](https://github.com/nushell/nushell/assets/22256154/e3e03e56-c4b5-4144-a944-d1b20bec1cbd)
And user can export const variables, the following screenshot shows how
it works (it follows
https://github.com/nushell/nushell/issues/8248#issuecomment-1637442612):
![image](https://github.com/nushell/nushell/assets/22256154/b2c14760-3f27-41cc-af77-af70a4367f2a)
## About the change
1. To make module support const, we need to change `parse_module_block`
to support `const` keyword.
2. To suport export `const`, we need to make module tracking variables,
so we add `variables` attribute to `Module`
3. During eval, the const variable may not exists in `stack`, because we
don't eval `const` when we define a module, so we need to find variables
which are already registered in `engine_state`
## One more thing to note about the const value.
Consider the following code
```
module foo { const b = 3; export def bar [] { $b } }
use foo bar
const b = 4;
bar
```
The result will be 3 (which is defined in module) rather than 4. I think
it's expected behavior.
It's something like [dynamic
binding](https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/html_node/elisp/Dynamic-Binding-Tips.html)
vs [lexical
binding](https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/html_node/elisp/Lexical-Binding.html)
in lisp like language, and lexical binding should be right behavior
which generates more predicable result, and it doesn't introduce really
subtle bugs in nushell code.
What if user want dynamic-binding?(For example: the example code returns
`4`)
There is no way to do this, user should consider passing the value as
argument to custom command rather than const.
## TODO
- [X] adding tests for the feature.
- [X] support export const out of module to use.
# User-Facing Changes
<!-- List of all changes that impact the user experience here. This
helps us keep track of breaking changes. -->
# Tests + Formatting
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crates/nu-std"` to run the tests for the standard library
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> ```
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# After Submitting
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# Description
`Span` is `Copy`, so we probably should not be passing references of
`Span` around. This PR replaces all instances of `&Span` with `Span`,
copying spans where necessary.
# User-Facing Changes
This alters some public functions to take `Span` instead of `&Span` as
input. Namely, `EngineState::get_span_contents`,
`nu_protocol::extract_value`, a bunch of the math commands, and
`Gstat::gstat`.