# Description
This PR adds a `ListItem` enum to our set of AST types. It encodes the
two possible expressions inside of list expression: a singular item or a
spread. This is similar to the existing `RecordItem` enum. Adding
`ListItem` allows us to remove the existing `Expr::Spread` case which
was previously used for list spreads. As a consequence, this guarantees
(via the type system) that spreads can only ever occur inside lists,
records, or as command args.
This PR also does a little bit of cleanup in relevant parser code.
# Description
A little refactor that use `working_set.error` rather than
`working_set.parse_errors.push`, which is reported here:
https://github.com/nushell/nushell/pull/12238
> Inconsistent error reporting. Usage of both working_set.error() and
working_set.parse_errors.push(). Using ParseError::Expected for an
invalid variable name when there's ParseError::VariableNotValid (from
parser.rs:5237). Checking variable names manually when there's
is_variable() (from parser.rs:2905).
# User-Facing Changes
NaN
# Tests + Formatting
Done
# Description
Work for #7149
- **Error `with-env` given uneven count in list form**
- **Fix `with-env` `CantConvert` to record**
- **Error `with-env` when given protected env vars**
- **Deprecate list/table input of vars to `with-env`**
- **Remove examples for deprecated input**
# User-Facing Changes
## Deprecation of the following forms
```
> with-env [MYENV "my env value"] { $env.MYENV }
my env value
> with-env [X Y W Z] { $env.X }
Y
> with-env [[X W]; [Y Z]] { $env.W }
Z
```
## recommended standardized form
```
# Set by key-value record
> with-env {X: "Y", W: "Z"} { [$env.X $env.W] }
╭───┬───╮
│ 0 │ Y │
│ 1 │ Z │
╰───┴───╯
```
## (Side effect) Repeated definitions in an env shorthand are now
disallowed
```
> FOO=bar FOO=baz $env
Error: nu:🐚:column_defined_twice
× Record field or table column used twice: FOO
╭─[entry #1:1:1]
1 │ FOO=bar FOO=baz $env
· ─┬─ ─┬─
· │ ╰── field redefined here
· ╰── field first defined here
╰────
```
# Description
When implementing a `Command`, one must also import all the types
present in the function signatures for `Command`. This makes it so that
we often import the same set of types in each command implementation
file. E.g., something like this:
```rust
use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
use nu_protocol::{
record, Category, Example, IntoInterruptiblePipelineData, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData,
ShellError, Signature, Span, Type, Value,
};
```
This PR adds the `nu_engine::command_prelude` module which contains the
necessary and commonly used types to implement a `Command`:
```rust
// command_prelude.rs
pub use crate::CallExt;
pub use nu_protocol::{
ast::{Call, CellPath},
engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack},
record, Category, Example, IntoInterruptiblePipelineData, IntoPipelineData, IntoSpanned,
PipelineData, Record, ShellError, Signature, Span, Spanned, SyntaxShape, Type, Value,
};
```
This should reduce the boilerplate needed to implement a command and
also gives us a place to track the breadth of the `Command` API. I tried
to be conservative with what went into the prelude modules, since it
might be hard/annoying to remove items from the prelude in the future.
Let me know if something should be included or excluded.
Manual checks are added to `parse_let`, `parse_mut`, and `parse_const`.
`parse_var_with_opt_type` is also fixed to update `spans_idx` correctly.
Fixes#12125.
It's technically a fix, but I'd rather not merge this directly. I'm
making this PR to bring into attention the code quality of the parser
code. For example:
* Inconsistent usage of `spans_idx`. What is its purpose, and which
parsing functions need it? I suspect it's possible to remove the usage
of `spans_idx` entirely.
* Lacking documentation for top-level functions. What does `mutable`
mean for `parse_var_with_opt_type()`?
* Inconsistent error reporting. Usage of both `working_set.error()` and
`working_set.parse_errors.push()`. Using `ParseError::Expected` for an
invalid variable name when there's `ParseError::VariableNotValid` (from
`parser.rs:5237`). Checking variable names manually when there's
`is_variable()` (from `parser.rs:2905`).
* `span()` is a terrible name for a function that flattens a bunch of
spans into one (from `nu-protocal/src/span.rs:92`). The top-level
comment (`Used when you have a slice of spans of at least size 1`)
doesn't help either.
I've only looked at a small portion of the parser code; I expect there
are a lot more. These issues made it much harder to fix a simple bug
like #12125. I believe we should invest some effort to cleanup the
parser code, which will ease maintainance in the future. I'll willing to
help if there is interest.
# Description
This makes many of the larger objects in `EngineState` into `Arc`, and
uses `Arc::make_mut` to do clone-on-write if the reference is not
unique. This is generally very cheap, giving us the best of both worlds
- allowing us to mutate without cloning if we have an exclusive
reference, and cloning if we don't.
This started as more of a curiosity for me after remembering that
`Arc::make_mut` exists and can make using `Arc` for mostly immutable
data that sometimes needs to be changed very convenient, and also after
hearing someone complain about memory usage on Discord - this is a
somewhat significant win for that.
The exact objects that were wrapped in `Arc`:
- `files`, `file_contents` - the strings and byte buffers
- `decls` - the whole `Vec`, but mostly to avoid lots of individual
`malloc()` calls on Clone rather than for memory usage
- `blocks` - the blocks themselves, rather than the outer Vec
- `modules` - the modules themselves, rather than the outer Vec
- `env_vars`, `previous_env_vars` - the entire maps
- `config`
The changes required were relatively minimal, but this is a breaking API
change. In particular, blocks are added as Arcs, to allow the parser
cache functionality to work.
With my normal nu config, running on Linux, this saves me about 15 MiB
of process memory usage when running interactively (65 MiB → 50 MiB).
This also makes quick command executions cheaper, particularly since
every REPL loop now involves a clone of the engine state so that we can
recover from a panic. It also reduces memory usage where engine state
needs to be cloned and sent to another thread or kept within an
iterator.
# User-Facing Changes
Shouldn't be any, since it's all internal stuff, but it does change some
public interfaces so it's a breaking change
# Description
The PR overhauls how IO redirection is handled, allowing more explicit
and fine-grain control over `stdout` and `stderr` output as well as more
efficient IO and piping.
To summarize the changes in this PR:
- Added a new `IoStream` type to indicate the intended destination for a
pipeline element's `stdout` and `stderr`.
- The `stdout` and `stderr` `IoStream`s are stored in the `Stack` and to
avoid adding 6 additional arguments to every eval function and
`Command::run`. The `stdout` and `stderr` streams can be temporarily
overwritten through functions on `Stack` and these functions will return
a guard that restores the original `stdout` and `stderr` when dropped.
- In the AST, redirections are now directly part of a `PipelineElement`
as a `Option<Redirection>` field instead of having multiple different
`PipelineElement` enum variants for each kind of redirection. This
required changes to the parser, mainly in `lite_parser.rs`.
- `Command`s can also set a `IoStream` override/redirection which will
apply to the previous command in the pipeline. This is used, for
example, in `ignore` to allow the previous external command to have its
stdout redirected to `Stdio::null()` at spawn time. In contrast, the
current implementation has to create an os pipe and manually consume the
output on nushell's side. File and pipe redirections (`o>`, `e>`, `e>|`,
etc.) have precedence over overrides from commands.
This PR improves piping and IO speed, partially addressing #10763. Using
the `throughput` command from that issue, this PR gives the following
speedup on my setup for the commands below:
| Command | Before (MB/s) | After (MB/s) | Bash (MB/s) |
| --------------------------- | -------------:| ------------:|
-----------:|
| `throughput o> /dev/null` | 1169 | 52938 | 54305 |
| `throughput \| ignore` | 840 | 55438 | N/A |
| `throughput \| null` | Error | 53617 | N/A |
| `throughput \| rg 'x'` | 1165 | 3049 | 3736 |
| `(throughput) \| rg 'x'` | 810 | 3085 | 3815 |
(Numbers above are the median samples for throughput)
This PR also paves the way to refactor our `ExternalStream` handling in
the various commands. For example, this PR already fixes the following
code:
```nushell
^sh -c 'echo -n "hello "; sleep 0; echo "world"' | find "hello world"
```
This returns an empty list on 0.90.1 and returns a highlighted "hello
world" on this PR.
Since the `stdout` and `stderr` `IoStream`s are available to commands
when they are run, then this unlocks the potential for more convenient
behavior. E.g., the `find` command can disable its ansi highlighting if
it detects that the output `IoStream` is not the terminal. Knowing the
output streams will also allow background job output to be redirected
more easily and efficiently.
# User-Facing Changes
- External commands returned from closures will be collected (in most
cases):
```nushell
1..2 | each {|_| nu -c "print a" }
```
This gives `["a", "a"]` on this PR, whereas this used to print "a\na\n"
and then return an empty list.
```nushell
1..2 | each {|_| nu -c "print -e a" }
```
This gives `["", ""]` and prints "a\na\n" to stderr, whereas this used
to return an empty list and print "a\na\n" to stderr.
- Trailing new lines are always trimmed for external commands when
piping into internal commands or collecting it as a value. (Failure to
decode the output as utf-8 will keep the trailing newline for the last
binary value.) In the current nushell version, the following three code
snippets differ only in parenthesis placement, but they all also have
different outputs:
1. `1..2 | each { ^echo a }`
```
a
a
╭────────────╮
│ empty list │
╰────────────╯
```
2. `1..2 | each { (^echo a) }`
```
╭───┬───╮
│ 0 │ a │
│ 1 │ a │
╰───┴───╯
```
3. `1..2 | (each { ^echo a })`
```
╭───┬───╮
│ 0 │ a │
│ │ │
│ 1 │ a │
│ │ │
╰───┴───╯
```
But in this PR, the above snippets will all have the same output:
```
╭───┬───╮
│ 0 │ a │
│ 1 │ a │
╰───┴───╯
```
- All existing flags on `run-external` are now deprecated.
- File redirections now apply to all commands inside a code block:
```nushell
(nu -c "print -e a"; nu -c "print -e b") e> test.out
```
This gives "a\nb\n" in `test.out` and prints nothing. The same result
would happen when printing to stdout and using a `o>` file redirection.
- External command output will (almost) never be ignored, and ignoring
output must be explicit now:
```nushell
(^echo a; ^echo b)
```
This prints "a\nb\n", whereas this used to print only "b\n". This only
applies to external commands; values and internal commands not in return
position will not print anything (e.g., `(echo a; echo b)` still only
prints "b").
- `complete` now always captures stderr (`do` is not necessary).
# After Submitting
The language guide and other documentation will need to be updated.
# Description
Fixes some ignored clippy lints.
# User-Facing Changes
Changes some signatures and return types to `&dyn Command` instead of
`&Box<dyn Command`, but I believe this is only an internal change.
# Description
As title, currently on latest main, nushell confused user if it allows
implicit casting between glob and string:
```nushell
let x = "*.txt"
def glob-test [g: glob] { open $g }
glob-test $x
```
It always expand the glob although `$x` is defined as a string.
This pr implements a solution from @kubouch :
> We could make it really strict and disallow all autocasting between
globs and strings because that's what's causing the "magic" confusion.
Then, modify all builtins that accept globs to accept oneof(glob,
string) and the rules would be that globs always expand and strings
never expand
# User-Facing Changes
After this pr, user needs to use `into glob` to invoke `glob-test`, if
user pass a string variable:
```nushell
let x = "*.txt"
def glob-test [g: glob] { open $g }
glob-test ($x | into glob)
```
Or else nushell will return an error.
```
3 │ glob-test $x
· ─┬
· ╰── can't convert string to glob
```
# Tests + Formatting
Done
# After Submitting
Nan
# Description
This PR renames the conversion functions on `Value` to be more consistent.
It follows the Rust [API guidelines](https://rust-lang.github.io/api-guidelines/naming.html#ad-hoc-conversions-follow-as_-to_-into_-conventions-c-conv) for ad-hoc conversions.
The conversion functions on `Value` now come in a few forms:
- `coerce_{type}` takes a `&Value` and attempts to convert the value to
`type` (e.g., `i64` are converted to `f64`). This is the old behavior of
some of the `as_{type}` functions -- these functions have simply been
renamed to better reflect what they do.
- The new `as_{type}` functions take a `&Value` and returns an `Ok`
result only if the value is of `type` (no conversion is attempted). The
returned value will be borrowed if `type` is non-`Copy`, otherwise an
owned value is returned.
- `into_{type}` exists for non-`Copy` types, but otherwise does not
attempt conversion just like `as_type`. It takes an owned `Value` and
always returns an owned result.
- `coerce_into_{type}` has the same relationship with `coerce_{type}` as
`into_{type}` does with `as_{type}`.
- `to_{kind}_string`: conversion to different string formats (debug,
abbreviated, etc.). Only two of the old string conversion functions were
removed, the rest have been renamed only.
- `to_{type}`: other conversion functions. Currently, only `to_path`
exists. (And `to_string` through `Display`.)
This table summaries the above:
| Form | Cost | Input Ownership | Output Ownership | Converts `Value`
case/`type` |
| ---------------------------- | ----- | --------------- |
---------------- | -------- |
| `as_{type}` | Cheap | Borrowed | Borrowed/Owned | No |
| `into_{type}` | Cheap | Owned | Owned | No |
| `coerce_{type}` | Cheap | Borrowed | Borrowed/Owned | Yes |
| `coerce_into_{type}` | Cheap | Owned | Owned | Yes |
| `to_{kind}_string` | Expensive | Borrowed | Owned | Yes |
| `to_{type}` | Expensive | Borrowed | Owned | Yes |
# User-Facing Changes
Breaking API change for `Value` in `nu-protocol` which is exposed as
part of the plugin API.
# Description
Close: #9673Close: #8277Close: #10944
This pr introduces the following syntax:
1. `e>|`, pipe stderr to next command. Example: `$env.FOO=bar nu
--testbin echo_env_stderr FOO e>| str length`
2. `o+e>|` and `e+o>|`, pipe both stdout and stderr to next command,
example: `$env.FOO=bar nu --testbin echo_env_mixed out-err FOO FOO e+o>|
str length`
Note: it only works for external commands. ~There is no different for
internal commands, that is, the following three commands do the same
things:~ Edit: it raises errors if we want to pipes for internal
commands
```
❯ ls e>| str length
Error: × `e>|` only works with external streams
╭─[entry #1:1:1]
1 │ ls e>| str length
· ─┬─
· ╰── `e>|` only works on external streams
╰────
❯ ls e+o>| str length
Error: × `o+e>|` only works with external streams
╭─[entry #2:1:1]
1 │ ls e+o>| str length
· ──┬──
· ╰── `o+e>|` only works on external streams
╰────
```
This can help us to avoid some strange issues like the following:
`$env.FOO=bar (nu --testbin echo_env_stderr FOO) e>| str length`
Which is hard to understand and hard to explain to users.
# User-Facing Changes
Nan
# Tests + Formatting
To be done
# After Submitting
Maybe update documentation about these syntax.
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# Description
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Fix#9878
# User-Facing Changes
<!-- List of all changes that impact the user experience here. This
helps us keep track of breaking changes. -->
Writing comments in match blocks will be allowed.
# Tests + Formatting
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mode](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/apps/get-started/developer-mode-features-and-debugging))
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crates/nu-std"` to run the tests for the standard library
> **Note**
> from `nushell` you can also use the `toolkit` as follows
> ```bash
> use toolkit.nu # or use an `env_change` hook to activate it
automatically
> toolkit check pr
> ```
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# After Submitting
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This fixes an issue brought up by nihilander in
[Discord](https://discord.com/channels/601130461678272522/614593951969574961/1201594105986285649).
# Description
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Nushell panics when the spread operator is used like this (the
`...$rest` shouldn't actually be parsed as a spread operator at all):
```nu
$ def foo [...rest: string] {...$rest}
$ foo bar baz
thread 'main' panicked at /root/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/nu-protocol-0.89.0/src/signature.rs:650:9:
Internal error: can't run a predeclaration without a body
stack backtrace:
0: rust_begin_unwind
1: core::panicking::panic_fmt
2: <nu_protocol::signature::Predeclaration as nu_protocol::engine::command::Command>::run
3: nu_engine::eval::eval_call
4: nu_engine::eval::eval_expression_with_input
5: nu_engine::eval::eval_element_with_input
6: nu_engine::eval::eval_block
7: nu_cli::util::eval_source
8: nu_cli::repl::evaluate_repl
9: nu::run::run_repl
10: nu::main
note: Some details are omitted, run with `RUST_BACKTRACE=full` for a verbose backtrace.
```
The problem was that whenever the parser saw something like `{...$`,
`{...(`, or `{...[`, it would treat that as a record with a spread
expression, ignoring the syntax shape of the block it was parsing. This
should now be fixed, and the snippet above instead gives the following
error:
```nu
Error: nu:🐚:external_command
× External command failed
╭─[entry #1:1:1]
1 │ def foo [...rest] {...$rest}
· ────┬───
· ╰── executable was not found
╰────
help: No such file or directory (os error 2)
```
# User-Facing Changes
<!-- List of all changes that impact the user experience here. This
helps us keep track of breaking changes. -->
Stuff like `do { ...$rest }` will now try to run a command `...$rest`
rather than complaining that variable `$rest` doesn't exist.
# Tests + Formatting
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check that you're using the standard code style
- `cargo test --workspace` to check that all tests pass (on Windows make
sure to [enable developer
mode](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/apps/get-started/developer-mode-features-and-debugging))
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crates/nu-std"` to run the tests for the standard library
> **Note**
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> ```bash
> use toolkit.nu # or use an `env_change` hook to activate it
automatically
> toolkit check pr
> ```
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# After Submitting
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Sorry about the issue, I am not touching the parser again for a long
time :)
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# Description
A bit hackish but this fixes the precedence of the `not` operator.
Before: `not false and false` => true
Now: `not false and false` => false
Fixes#11633
# User-Facing Changes
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helps us keep track of breaking changes. -->
# Tests + Formatting
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# After Submitting
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---------
Co-authored-by: Jakub Žádník <kubouch@gmail.com>
# Description
This pr is a follow up to
[#11569](https://github.com/nushell/nushell/pull/11569#issuecomment-1902279587)
> Revert the logic in https://github.com/nushell/nushell/pull/10694 and
apply the logic in this pr to mv, cp, rv will require a larger change, I
need to think how to achieve the bahavior
And sorry @bobhy for reverting some of your changes.
This pr is going to unify glob behavior on the given commands:
* open
* rm
* cp-old
* mv
* umv
* cp
* du
So they have the same behavior to `ls`, which is:
If given parameter is quoted by single quote(`'`) or double quote(`"`),
don't auto-expand the glob pattern. If not quoted, auto-expand the glob
pattern.
Fixes: #9558Fixes: #10211Fixes: #9310Fixes: #10364
# TODO
But there is one thing remains: if we give a variable to the command, it
will always auto-expand the glob pattern, e.g:
```nushell
let path = "a[123]b"
rm $path
```
I don't think it's expected. But I also think user might want to
auto-expand the glob pattern in variables.
So I'll introduce a new command called `glob escape`, then if user
doesn't want to auto-expand the glob pattern, he can just do this: `rm
($path | glob escape)`
# User-Facing Changes
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helps us keep track of breaking changes. -->
# Tests + Formatting
Done
# After Submitting
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## NOTE
This pr changes the semantic of `GlobPattern`, before this pr, it will
`expand path` after evaluated, this makes `nu_engine::glob_from` have no
chance to glob things right if a path contains glob pattern.
e.g: [#9310
](https://github.com/nushell/nushell/issues/9310#issuecomment-1886824030)
#10211
I think changing the semantic is fine, because it makes glob works if
path contains something like '*'.
It maybe a breaking change if a custom command's argument are annotated
by `: glob`.
# Description
This is a follow up to: #11365
After this pr, `--flag: bool` is no longer allowed.
I think `ParseWarning::Deprecated` is useful when we want to deprecated
something at syntax level, so I just leave it there for now.
# User-Facing Changes
## Before
```
❯ def foo [--b: bool] {}
Error: × Deprecated: --flag: bool
╭─[entry #15:1:1]
1 │ def foo [--b: bool] {}
· ──┬─
· ╰── `--flag: bool` is deprecated and will be removed in 0.90. Please use `--flag` instead, more info: https://www.nushell.sh/book/custom_commands.html
╰────
```
## After
```
❯ def foo [--b: bool] {}
Error: × Type annotations are not allowed for boolean switches.
╭─[entry #2:1:1]
1 │ def foo [--b: bool] {}
· ──┬─
· ╰── Remove the `: bool` type annotation.
╰────
```
# Tests + Formatting
Done
# Description
Fixes: #11455
### For arguments which is annotated with `:path/:directory/:glob`
To fix the issue, we need to have a way to know if a path is originally
quoted during runtime. So the information needed to be added at several
levels:
* parse time (from user input to expression)
We need to add quoted information into `Expr::Filepath`,
`Expr::Directory`, `Expr::GlobPattern`
* eval time
When convert from `Expr::Filepath`, `Expr::Directory`,
`Expr::GlobPattern` to `Value::String` during runtime, we won't auto
expanded the path if it's quoted
### For `ls`
It's really special, because it accepts a `String` as a pattern, and it
generates `glob` expression inside the command itself.
So the idea behind the change is introducing a special SyntaxShape to
ls: `SyntaxShape::LsGlobPattern`. So we can track if the pattern is
originally quoted easier, and we don't auto expand the path either.
Then when constructing a glob pattern inside ls, we check if input
pattern is quoted, if so: we escape the input pattern, so we can run `ls
a[123]b`, because it's already escaped.
Finally, to accomplish the checking process, we also need to introduce a
new value type called `Value::QuotedString` to differ from
`Value::String`, it's used to generate an enum called `NuPath`, which is
finally used in `ls` function. `ls` learned from `NuPath` to know if
user input is quoted.
# User-Facing Changes
Actually it contains several changes
### For arguments which is annotated with `:path/:directory/:glob`
#### Before
```nushell
> def foo [p: path] { echo $p }; print (foo "~/a"); print (foo '~/a')
/home/windsoilder/a
/home/windsoilder/a
> def foo [p: directory] { echo $p }; print (foo "~/a"); print (foo '~/a')
/home/windsoilder/a
/home/windsoilder/a
> def foo [p: glob] { echo $p }; print (foo "~/a"); print (foo '~/a')
/home/windsoilder/a
/home/windsoilder/a
```
#### After
```nushell
> def foo [p: path] { echo $p }; print (foo "~/a"); print (foo '~/a')
~/a
~/a
> def foo [p: directory] { echo $p }; print (foo "~/a"); print (foo '~/a')
~/a
~/a
> def foo [p: glob] { echo $p }; print (foo "~/a"); print (foo '~/a')
~/a
~/a
```
### For ls command
`touch '[uwu]'`
#### Before
```
❯ ls -D "[uwu]"
Error: × No matches found for [uwu]
╭─[entry #6:1:1]
1 │ ls -D "[uwu]"
· ───┬───
· ╰── Pattern, file or folder not found
╰────
help: no matches found
```
#### After
```
❯ ls -D "[uwu]"
╭───┬───────┬──────┬──────┬──────────╮
│ # │ name │ type │ size │ modified │
├───┼───────┼──────┼──────┼──────────┤
│ 0 │ [uwu] │ file │ 0 B │ now │
╰───┴───────┴──────┴──────┴──────────╯
```
# Tests + Formatting
Done
# After Submitting
NaN
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- fixes #xxxx
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Finishes implementing https://github.com/nushell/nushell/issues/10598,
which asks for a spread operator in lists, in records, and when calling
commands.
# Description
<!--
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guide](../CONTRIBUTING.md) and talk to the core team before making major
changes.
Description of your pull request goes here. **Provide examples and/or
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This PR will allow spreading arguments to commands (both internal and
external). It will also deprecate spreading arguments automatically when
passing to external commands.
# User-Facing Changes
<!-- List of all changes that impact the user experience here. This
helps us keep track of breaking changes. -->
- Users will be able to use `...` to spread arguments to custom/builtin
commands that have rest parameters or allow unknown arguments, or to any
external command
- If a custom command doesn't have a rest parameter and it doesn't allow
unknown arguments either, the spread operator will not be allowed
- Passing lists to external commands without `...` will work for now but
will cause a deprecation warning saying that it'll stop working in 0.91
(is 2 versions enough time?)
Here's a function to help with demonstrating some behavior:
```nushell
> def foo [ a, b, c?, d?, ...rest ] { [$a $b $c $d $rest] | to nuon }
```
You can pass a list of arguments to fill in the `rest` parameter using
`...`:
```nushell
> foo 1 2 3 4 ...[5 6]
[1, 2, 3, 4, [5, 6]]
```
If you don't use `...`, the list `[5 6]` will be treated as a single
argument:
```nushell
> foo 1 2 3 4 [5 6] # Note the double [[]]
[1, 2, 3, 4, [[5, 6]]]
```
You can omit optional parameters before the spread arguments:
```nushell
> foo 1 2 3 ...[4 5] # d is omitted here
[1, 2, 3, null, [4, 5]]
```
If you have multiple lists, you can spread them all:
```nushell
> foo 1 2 3 ...[4 5] 6 7 ...[8] ...[]
[1, 2, 3, null, [4, 5, 6, 7, 8]]
```
Here's the kind of error you get when you try to spread arguments to a
command with no rest parameter:
And this is the warning you get when you pass a list to an external now
(without `...`):
# Tests + Formatting
<!--
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Make sure you've run and fixed any issues with these commands:
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- `cargo test --workspace` to check that all tests pass (on Windows make
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crates/nu-std"` to run the tests for the standard library
> **Note**
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> ```bash
> use toolkit.nu # or use an `env_change` hook to activate it
automatically
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> ```
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Added tests to cover the following cases:
- Spreading arguments to a command that doesn't have a rest parameter
(unexpected spread argument error)
- Spreading arguments to a command that doesn't have a rest parameter
*but* there's also a missing positional argument (missing positional
error)
- Spreading arguments to a command that doesn't have a rest parameter
but does allow unknown arguments, such as `exec` (allowed)
- Spreading a list literal containing arguments of the wrong type (parse
error)
- Spreading a non-list value, both to internal and external commands
- Having named arguments in the middle of rest arguments
- `explain`ing a command call that spreads its arguments
# After Submitting
<!-- If your PR had any user-facing changes, update [the
documentation](https://github.com/nushell/nushell.github.io) after the
PR is merged, if necessary. This will help us keep the docs up to date.
-->
# Examples
Suppose you have multiple tables:
```nushell
let people = [[id name age]; [0 alice 100] [1 bob 200] [2 eve 300]]
let evil_twins = [[id name age]; [0 ecila 100] [-1 bob 200] [-2 eve 300]]
```
Maybe you often find yourself needing to merge multiple tables and want
a utility to do that. You could write a function like this:
```nushell
def merge_all [ ...tables ] { $tables | reduce { |it, acc| $acc | merge $it } }
```
Then you can use it like this:
```nushell
> merge_all ...([$people $evil_twins] | each { |$it| $it | select name age })
╭───┬───────┬─────╮
│ # │ name │ age │
├───┼───────┼─────┤
│ 0 │ ecila │ 100 │
│ 1 │ bob │ 200 │
│ 2 │ eve │ 300 │
╰───┴───────┴─────╯
```
Except they had duplicate columns, so now you first want to suffix every
column with a number to tell you which table the column came from. You
can make a command for that:
```nushell
def select_and_merge [ --cols: list<string>, ...tables ] {
let renamed_tables = $tables
| enumerate
| each { |it|
$it.item | select $cols | rename ...($cols | each { |col| $col + ($it.index | into string) })
};
merge_all ...$renamed_tables
}
```
And call it like this:
```nushell
> select_and_merge --cols [name age] $people $evil_twins
╭───┬───────┬──────┬───────┬──────╮
│ # │ name0 │ age0 │ name1 │ age1 │
├───┼───────┼──────┼───────┼──────┤
│ 0 │ alice │ 100 │ ecila │ 100 │
│ 1 │ bob │ 200 │ bob │ 200 │
│ 2 │ eve │ 300 │ eve │ 300 │
╰───┴───────┴──────┴───────┴──────╯
```
---
Suppose someone's made a command to search for APT packages:
```nushell
# The main command
def search-pkgs [
--install # Whether to install any packages it finds
log_level: int # Pretend it's a good idea to make this a required positional parameter
exclude?: list<string> # Packages to exclude
repositories?: list<string> # Which repositories to look in (searches in all if not given)
...pkgs # Package names to search for
] {
{ install: $install, log_level: $log_level, exclude: ($exclude | to nuon), repositories: ($repositories | to nuon), pkgs: ($pkgs | to nuon) }
}
```
It has a lot of parameters to configure it, so you might make your own
helper commands to wrap around it for specific cases. Here's one
example:
```nushell
# Only look for packages locally
def search-pkgs-local [
--install # Whether to install any packages it finds
log_level: int
exclude?: list<string> # Packages to exclude
...pkgs # Package names to search for
] {
# All required and optional positional parameters are given
search-pkgs --install=$install $log_level [] ["<local URI or something>"] ...$pkgs
}
```
And you can run it like this:
```nushell
> search-pkgs-local --install=false 5 ...["python2.7" "vim"]
╭──────────────┬──────────────────────────────╮
│ install │ false │
│ log_level │ 5 │
│ exclude │ [] │
│ repositories │ ["<local URI or something>"] │
│ pkgs │ ["python2.7", vim] │
╰──────────────┴──────────────────────────────╯
```
One thing I realized when writing this was that if we decide to not
allow passing optional arguments using the spread operator, then you can
(mis?)use the spread operator to skip optional parameters. Here, I
didn't want to give `exclude` explicitly, so I used a spread operator to
pass the packages to install. Without it, I would've needed to do
`search-pkgs-local --install=false 5 [] "python2.7" "vim"` (explicitly
pass `[]` (or `null`, in the general case) to `exclude`). There are
probably more idiomatic ways to do this, but I just thought it was
something interesting.
If you're a virologist of the [xkcd](https://xkcd.com/350/) kind,
another helper command you might make is this:
```nushell
# Install any packages it finds
def live-dangerously [ ...pkgs ] {
# One optional argument was given (exclude), while another was not (repositories)
search-pkgs 0 [] ...$pkgs --install # Flags can go after spread arguments
}
```
Running it:
```nushell
> live-dangerously "git" "*vi*" # *vi* because I don't feel like typing out vim and neovim
╭──────────────┬─────────────╮
│ install │ true │
│ log_level │ 0 │
│ exclude │ [] │
│ repositories │ null │
│ pkgs │ [git, *vi*] │
╰──────────────┴─────────────╯
```
Here's an example that uses the spread operator more than once within
the same command call:
```nushell
let extras = [ chrome firefox python java git ]
def search-pkgs-curated [ ...pkgs ] {
(search-pkgs
1
[emacs]
["example.com", "foo.com"]
vim # A must for everyone!
...($pkgs | filter { |p| not ($p | str contains "*") }) # Remove packages with globs
python # Good tool to have
...$extras
--install=false
python3) # I forget, did I already put Python in extras?
}
```
Running it:
```nushell
> search-pkgs-curated "git" "*vi*"
╭──────────────┬───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ install │ false │
│ log_level │ 1 │
│ exclude │ [emacs] │
│ repositories │ [example.com, foo.com] │
│ pkgs │ [vim, git, python, chrome, firefox, python, java, git, "python3"] │
╰──────────────┴───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
```
# Description
Currently, when writing a record, if you don't give the value for a
field, the syntax error highlights the entire record instead of
pinpointing the issue. Here's some examples:
```nushell
> { a: 2, 3 } # Missing colon (and value)
Error: nu::parser::parse_mismatch
× Parse mismatch during operation.
╭─[entry #2:1:1]
1 │ { a: 2, 3 }
· ─────┬─────
· ╰── expected record
╰────
> { a: 2, 3: } # Missing value
Error: nu::parser::parse_mismatch
× Parse mismatch during operation.
╭─[entry #3:1:1]
1 │ { a: 2, 3: }
· ──────┬─────
· ╰── expected record
╰────
> { a: 2, 3 4 } # Missing colon
Error: nu::parser::parse_mismatch
× Parse mismatch during operation.
╭─[entry #4:1:1]
1 │ { a: 2, 3 4 }
· ──────┬──────
· ╰── expected record
╰────
```
In all of them, the entire record is highlighted red because an
`Expr::Garbage` is returned covering that whole span:
This PR is for highlighting only the part inside the record that could
not be parsed. If the record literal is big, an error message pointing
to the start of where the parser thinks things went wrong should help
people fix their code.
# User-Facing Changes
Below are screenshots of the new errors:
If there's a stray record key right before the record ends, it
highlights only that key and tells the user it expected a colon after
it:
If the record ends before the value for the last field was given, it
highlights the key and colon of that field and tells the user it
expected a value after the colon:
If there are two consecutive expressions without a colon between them,
it highlights everything from the second expression to the end of the
record and tells the user it expected a colon. I was tempted to add a
help message suggesting adding a colon in between, but that may not
always be the right thing to do.
# Tests + Formatting
# After Submitting
# Description
`Expression::replace_in_variable` is only called in one place, and it is
called with `new_var_id` = `IN_VARIABLE_ID`. So, it ends up doing
nothing. E.g., adding `debug_assert_eq!(new_var_id, IN_VARIABLE_ID)` in
`replace_in_variable` does not trigger any panic.
# User-Facing Changes
Breaking change for `nu_protocol`.
# Description
While #11057 is merged, it's hard to tell the difference between
`--flag: bool` and `--flag`, and it makes user hard to read custom
commands' signature, and hard to use them correctly.
After discussion, I think we can deprecate `--flag: bool` usage, and
encourage using `--flag` instead.
# User-Facing Changes
The following code will raise warning message, but don't stop from
running.
```nushell
❯ def florb [--dry-run: bool, --another-flag] { "aaa" }; florb
Error: × Deprecated: --flag: bool
╭─[entry #7:1:1]
1 │ def florb [--dry-run: bool, --another-flag] { "aaa" }; florb
· ──┬─
· ╰── `--flag: bool` is deprecated. Please use `--flag` instead, more info: https://www.nushell.sh/book/custom_commands.html
╰────
aaa
```
cc @kubouch
# Tests + Formatting
Done
# After Submitting
- [ ] Add more information under
https://www.nushell.sh/book/custom_commands.html to indicate `--dry-run:
bool` is not allowed,
- [ ] remove `: bool` from custom commands between 0.89 and 0.90
---------
Co-authored-by: Antoine Stevan <44101798+amtoine@users.noreply.github.com>
# Description
Following from #11356, it looks like `Expr::MatchPattern` is no longer
used in any way. This PR removes `Expr::MatchPattern` alongside
`Type::MatchPattern` and `SyntaxShape::MatchPattern`.
# User-Facing Changes
Breaking API change for `nu_protocol`.
# Description
Fixes: #11310
# User-Facing Changes
After the change, the following code will go to error:
```nushell
> def a [--x: int = 3] { "aa" }
> let y = "aa"
> a --x=$y
Error: nu::parser::type_mismatch
× Type mismatch.
╭─[entry #32:2:1]
2 │ let y = "aa"
3 │ a --x=$y
· ─┬
· ╰── expected int, found string
╰────
```
Goes towards implementing #10598, which asks for a spread operator in
lists, in records, and when calling commands (continuation of #11006,
which only implements it in lists)
# Description
This PR is for adding a spread operator that can be used when building
records. Additional functionality can be added later.
Changes:
- Previously, the `Expr::Record` variant held `(Expression, Expression)`
pairs. It now holds instances of an enum `RecordItem` (the name isn't
amazing) that allows either a key-value mapping or a spread operator.
- `...` will be treated as the spread operator when it appears before
`$`, `{`, or `(` inside records (no whitespace allowed in between) (not
implemented yet)
- The error message for duplicate columns now includes the column name
itself, because if two spread records are involved in such an error, you
can't tell which field was duplicated from the spans alone
`...` will still be treated as a normal string outside records, and even
in records, it is not treated as a spread operator when not followed
immediately by a `$`, `{`, or `(`.
# User-Facing Changes
Users will be able to use `...` when building records.
```
> let rec = { x: 1, ...{ a: 2 } }
> $rec
╭───┬───╮
│ x │ 1 │
│ a │ 2 │
╰───┴───╯
> { foo: bar, ...$rec, baz: blah }
╭─────┬──────╮
│ foo │ bar │
│ x │ 1 │
│ a │ 2 │
│ baz │ blah │
╰─────┴──────╯
```
If you want to update a field of a record, you'll have to use `merge`
instead:
```
> { ...$rec, x: 5 }
Error: nu:🐚:column_defined_twice
× Record field or table column used twice: x
╭─[entry #2:1:1]
1 │ { ...$rec, x: 5 }
· ──┬─ ┬
· │ ╰── field redefined here
· ╰── field first defined here
╰────
> $rec | merge { x: 5 }
╭───┬───╮
│ x │ 5 │
│ a │ 2 │
╰───┴───╯
```
# Tests + Formatting
# After Submitting
# Description
Close: #10278
This pr introduces `o>>`, `e>>`, `o+e>>` to allow redirection to append
to a file.
Examples:
```nushell
echo abc o>> a.txt
echo abc o>> a.txt
cat asdf e>> a.txt
cat asdf e>> a.txt
cat asdf o+e>> a.txt
```
~~TODO:~~
~~1. currently internal commands with `o+e>` redirect to a variable is
broken: `let x = "a.txt"; echo abc o+e> $x`, not sure when it was
introduced...~~
~~2. redirect stdout and stderr with append mode doesn't supported yet:
`cat asdf o>>a.txt e>>b.ext`~~
~~For these 2 items, I'd like to fix them in different prs.~~
Already done in this pr
# Description
Closes: #7260
About the change:
When we make an internalcall, and meet a `switch` (Flag.arg is None),
nushell will try to see if the switch is called like `--xyz=false` , if
that is true, `parse_long_flag` will return relative value.
# User-Facing Changes
So after the pr, the following would be possible:
```nushell
def build-imp [--push, --release] {
echo $"Doing a build with push: ($push) and release: ($release)"
}
def build [--push, --release] {
build-imp --push=$push --release=$release
}
build --push --release=false
build --push=false --release=true
build --push=false --release=false
build --push --release
build
```
# Tests + Formatting
Done
# After Submitting
Needs to submit a doc update, mentioned about the difference between
`def a [--x] {}` and `def a [--x: bool] {}`
follow-up to
- https://github.com/nushell/nushell/pull/10715
> **Important**
> wait for between 0.87 and 0.88 to land this
# Description
it's time for removal again 😋
this PR removes `def-env` and `export def-env` in favor of `def --env`
# User-Facing Changes
`def-env` and `export def-env` will not be found anymore.
# Tests + Formatting
# After Submitting
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- this PR should close #xxxx
- fixes #xxxx
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# Description
<!--
Thank you for improving Nushell. Please, check our [contributing
guide](../CONTRIBUTING.md) and talk to the core team before making major
changes.
Description of your pull request goes here. **Provide examples and/or
screenshots** if your changes affect the user experience.
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Clippy fixes for rust 1.76.0-nightly
# User-Facing Changes
<!-- List of all changes that impact the user experience here. This
helps us keep track of breaking changes. -->
N/A
# Tests + Formatting
<!--
Don't forget to add tests that cover your changes.
Make sure you've run and fixed any issues with these commands:
- `cargo fmt --all -- --check` to check standard code formatting (`cargo
fmt --all` applies these changes)
- `cargo clippy --workspace -- -D warnings -D clippy::unwrap_used` to
check that you're using the standard code style
- `cargo test --workspace` to check that all tests pass (on Windows make
sure to [enable developer
mode](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/apps/get-started/developer-mode-features-and-debugging))
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crates/nu-std"` to run the tests for the standard library
> **Note**
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> ```bash
> use toolkit.nu # or use an `env_change` hook to activate it
automatically
> toolkit check pr
> ```
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# After Submitting
<!-- If your PR had any user-facing changes, update [the
documentation](https://github.com/nushell/nushell.github.io) after the
PR is merged, if necessary. This will help us keep the docs up to date.
-->
follow-up to
- https://github.com/nushell/nushell/pull/10716
> **Important**
> wait for between 0.87 and 0.88 to land this
# Description
it's time for removal again 😋
this PR removes `extern-wrapped` and `export extern-wrapped` in favor of
`def --wrapped`
# User-Facing Changes
`extern-wrapped` and `export extern-wrapped` will not be found anymore.
# Tests + Formatting
# After Submitting
# Description
Fixes: #11033
Sorry for the issue, it's a regression which introduce by this pr:
#10456.
And this pr is going to fix it.
About the change: create a new field named `type_annotated` for
`Arg::Flag` and `Arg::Signature` instead of `arg_explicit_type`
variable.
When we meet a type in `TypeMode`, we set `type_annotated` field of the
argument to be true, then we know that if the arg have a annotated type
easily
# Description
Add an extension trait `IgnoreCaseExt` to nu_utils which adds some case
insensitivity helpers, and use them throughout nu to improve the
handling of case insensitivity. Proper case folding is done via unicase,
which is already a dependency via mime_guess from nu-command.
In actuality a lot of code still does `to_lowercase`, because unicase
only provides immediate comparison and doesn't expose a `to_folded_case`
yet. And since we do a lot of `contains`/`starts_with`/`ends_with`, it's
not sufficient to just have `eq_ignore_case`. But if we get access in
the future, this makes us ready to use it with a change in one place.
Plus, it's clearer what the purpose is at the call site to call
`to_folded_case` instead of `to_lowercase` if it's exclusively for the
purpose of case insensitive comparison, even if it just does
`to_lowercase` still.
# User-Facing Changes
- Some commands that were supposed to be case insensitive remained only
insensitive to ASCII case (a-z), and now are case insensitive w.r.t.
non-ASCII characters as well.
# Tests + Formatting
- 🟢 `toolkit fmt`
- 🟢 `toolkit clippy`
- 🟢 `toolkit test`
- 🟢 `toolkit test stdlib`
---------
Co-authored-by: Stefan Holderbach <sholderbach@users.noreply.github.com>
related to
- https://github.com/nushell/nushell/pull/10478
# Description
this PR is the followup removal to
https://github.com/nushell/nushell/pull/10478.
# User-Facing Changes
`$nothing` is now an undefined variable, unless define by the user.
```nushell
> $nothing
Error: nu::parser::variable_not_found
× Variable not found.
╭─[entry #1:1:1]
1 │ $nothing
· ────┬───
· ╰── variable not found.
╰────
```
# Tests + Formatting
# After Submitting
mention that in release notes
# Description
Since the `else` clause for the nested branches check for the first
unmatched argument, this PR brings together all the conditions where the
positional argument shape is numeric using the `matches!` keyword. This
also allows us to and (`&&`) the condition with when no short flags are
found unlike the `if let ...` statements. Finally, we can handle any
`unmatched_short_flags` at one place.
# User-Facing Changes
No user facing changes.
# Description
To my knowledge `type@completer` annotations only make sense in
arguments at the moment.
Restrict the parsing.
Also fix a bug in parsing the completer annotation should there be more
than 1 `@`
- Add test that we disallow completer in type
- Guard against `@` inside command name
- Disallow custom completers in type specification
# User-Facing Changes
Error when annotating a variable or input-output type with a completer
# Tests + Formatting
Tests to verify the error message
# Description
The description `Custom` doesn't really reflect meaning in the set of
`SyntaxShape`. Makes it a bit more verbose but explicit
# User-Facing Changes
Only hypothetically breaking as plugins can not effectively use a
requirement on `SyntaxShape::Custom`.
# Tests + Formatting
(-)
# Description
Those `SyntaxShape`s can not coerce to `Value`s or `Type`s that can be
used by the user in an argument or input-output-type position.
Supporting them doesn't make sense.
# User-Facing Changes
Removal of useless "types" in argument type or input/output type
positions
# Tests + Formatting
No adjustment necessary
# Description
We don't use this shape during parsing and never reference it in command
signatures. Thus it should be removed.
# User-Facing Changes
None functional.
Plugin authors that used it would never be provided with data that
specifically matched `SyntaxShape::Variable`
Builds using it will now fail.
# Tests + Formatting
NA
related to
- https://github.com/nushell/nushell/pull/9973
- https://github.com/nushell/nushell/pull/9918
thanks to @jntrnr and their super useful tips on this PR, i learned
about the parser + evaluation, so 🙏
# Description
because we already have `null` as the value of the type `nothing` and as
a followup to the two other attempts of mine, i propose to remove the
redundant `$nothing` built-in variable 😋
this PR is the first step, deprecating `$nothing`.
a followup PR will remove it altogether and wait for 0.87 👍⚙️ **details**: a new `NOTHING_VARIABLE_ID = 3` has been added,
parsing `$nothing` will create it, finally a `Value::Nothing` will be
produced and a warning will be reported.
this PR already fixes the `toolkit.nu` module so that it does not throw
a bunch of warnings each time 👌
# User-Facing Changes
`$nothing` is now deprecated and will be removed in 0.87
```nushell
> $nothing
Error: × Deprecated variable
╭─[entry #1:1:1]
1 │ $nothing
· ────┬───
· ╰── `$nothing` is deprecated and will be removed in 0.87.
╰────
help: Use `null` instead
```
# Tests + Formatting
tests have been updated, especially
- `nothing_fails_string`
- `nothing_fails_int`
which use a variable called `nil` now to make sure `nothing` does not
support cell paths 👍
# After Submitting
classic deprecation mention 👍
# Description
Fix type checking in arguments default values not adhering to subtyping
rules
Currently following examples produce a parse error:
```nu
def test [ --qwe: record<a: int> = {a: 1 b: 1} ] { }
def test [ --qwe: list<any> = [ 1 2 3 ] ] { }
```
despite types matching. Type equality check is replaced with subtyping
check and everything parses fine:
# User-Facing Changes
Default values of flag arguments type checking behavior is in line with
`let` statements
# Description
This PR fixes#9702 on the side of parse. I.e. input/output types in
signature and type annotations in `let` now should correctly parse with
type annotations that contain commas and spaces:
# User-Facing Changes
Return values and let type annotations now can contain stuff like
`table<a: int b: record<c: string d: datetime>>` e.t.c
# Description
Fixes: #10450
This pr differentiating between `--x: bool` and `--x`
Here are examples which demostrate difference between them:
```nushell
def a [--x: bool] { $x };
a --x # not allowed, you need to parse a value to the flag.
a # it's allowed, and the value of `$x` is false, which behaves the same to `def a [--x] { $x }; a`
```
For boolean flag with default value, it works a little bit different to
#10450 mentioned:
```nushell
def foo [--option: bool = false] { $option }
foo # output false
foo --option # not allowed, you need to parse a value to the flag.
foo --option true # output true
```
# User-Facing Changes
After the pr, the following code is not allowed:
```nushell
def a [--x: bool] { $x }; a --x
```
Instead, you have to pass a value to flag `--x` like `a --x false`. But
bare flag works in the same way as before.
## Update: one more breaking change to help on #7260
```
def foo [--option: bool] { $option == null }
foo
```
After the pr, if we don't use a boolean flag, the value will be `null`
instead of `true`. Because here `--option: bool` is treated as a flag
rather than a switch
---------
Co-authored-by: amtoine <stevan.antoine@gmail.com>
