# Description
This PR adds an internal representation language to Nushell, offering an
alternative evaluator based on simple instructions, stream-containing
registers, and indexed control flow. The number of registers required is
determined statically at compile-time, and the fixed size required is
allocated upon entering the block.
Each instruction is associated with a span, which makes going backwards
from IR instructions to source code very easy.
Motivations for IR:
1. **Performance.** By simplifying the evaluation path and making it
more cache-friendly and branch predictor-friendly, code that does a lot
of computation in Nushell itself can be sped up a decent bit. Because
the IR is fairly easy to reason about, we can also implement
optimization passes in the future to eliminate and simplify code.
2. **Correctness.** The instructions mostly have very simple and
easily-specified behavior, so hopefully engine changes are a little bit
easier to reason about, and they can be specified in a more formal way
at some point. I have made an effort to document each of the
instructions in the docs for the enum itself in a reasonably specific
way. Some of the errors that would have happened during evaluation
before are now moved to the compilation step instead, because they don't
make sense to check during evaluation.
3. **As an intermediate target.** This is a good step for us to bring
the [`new-nu-parser`](https://github.com/nushell/new-nu-parser) in at
some point, as code generated from new AST can be directly compared to
code generated from old AST. If the IR code is functionally equivalent,
it will behave the exact same way.
4. **Debugging.** With a little bit more work, we can probably give
control over advancing the virtual machine that `IrBlock`s run on to
some sort of external driver, making things like breakpoints and single
stepping possible. Tools like `view ir` and [`explore
ir`](https://github.com/devyn/nu_plugin_explore_ir) make it easier than
before to see what exactly is going on with your Nushell code.
The goal is to eventually replace the AST evaluator entirely, once we're
sure it's working just as well. You can help dogfood this by running
Nushell with `$env.NU_USE_IR` set to some value. The environment
variable is checked when Nushell starts, so config runs with IR, or it
can also be set on a line at the REPL to change it dynamically. It is
also checked when running `do` in case within a script you want to just
run a specific piece of code with or without IR.
# Example
```nushell
view ir { |data|
mut sum = 0
for n in $data {
$sum += $n
}
$sum
}
```
```gas
# 3 registers, 19 instructions, 0 bytes of data
0: load-literal %0, int(0)
1: store-variable var 904, %0 # let
2: drain %0
3: drop %0
4: load-variable %1, var 903
5: iterate %0, %1, end 15 # for, label(1), from(14:)
6: store-variable var 905, %0
7: load-variable %0, var 904
8: load-variable %2, var 905
9: binary-op %0, Math(Plus), %2
10: span %0
11: store-variable var 904, %0
12: load-literal %0, nothing
13: drain %0
14: jump 5
15: drop %0 # label(0), from(5:)
16: drain %0
17: load-variable %0, var 904
18: return %0
```
# Benchmarks
All benchmarks run on a base model Mac Mini M1.
## Iterative Fibonacci sequence
This is about as best case as possible, making use of the much faster
control flow. Most code will not experience a speed improvement nearly
this large.
```nushell
def fib [n: int] {
mut a = 0
mut b = 1
for _ in 2..=$n {
let c = $a + $b
$a = $b
$b = $c
}
$b
}
use std bench
bench { 0..50 | each { |n| fib $n } }
```
IR disabled:
```
╭───────┬─────────────────╮
│ mean │ 1ms 924µs 665ns │
│ min │ 1ms 700µs 83ns │
│ max │ 3ms 450µs 125ns │
│ std │ 395µs 759ns │
│ times │ [list 50 items] │
╰───────┴─────────────────╯
```
IR enabled:
```
╭───────┬─────────────────╮
│ mean │ 452µs 820ns │
│ min │ 427µs 417ns │
│ max │ 540µs 167ns │
│ std │ 17µs 158ns │
│ times │ [list 50 items] │
╰───────┴─────────────────╯
```
![explore ir
view](https://github.com/nushell/nushell/assets/10729/d7bccc03-5222-461c-9200-0dce71b83b83)
##
[gradient_benchmark_no_check.nu](https://github.com/nushell/nu_scripts/blob/main/benchmarks/gradient_benchmark_no_check.nu)
IR disabled:
```
╭───┬──────────────────╮
│ 0 │ 27ms 929µs 958ns │
│ 1 │ 21ms 153µs 459ns │
│ 2 │ 18ms 639µs 666ns │
│ 3 │ 19ms 554µs 583ns │
│ 4 │ 13ms 383µs 375ns │
│ 5 │ 11ms 328µs 208ns │
│ 6 │ 5ms 659µs 542ns │
╰───┴──────────────────╯
```
IR enabled:
```
╭───┬──────────────────╮
│ 0 │ 22ms 662µs │
│ 1 │ 17ms 221µs 792ns │
│ 2 │ 14ms 786µs 708ns │
│ 3 │ 13ms 876µs 834ns │
│ 4 │ 13ms 52µs 875ns │
│ 5 │ 11ms 269µs 666ns │
│ 6 │ 6ms 942µs 500ns │
╰───┴──────────────────╯
```
##
[random-bytes.nu](https://github.com/nushell/nu_scripts/blob/main/benchmarks/random-bytes.nu)
I got pretty random results out of this benchmark so I decided not to
include it. Not clear why.
# User-Facing Changes
- IR compilation errors may appear even if the user isn't evaluating
with IR.
- IR evaluation can be enabled by setting the `NU_USE_IR` environment
variable to any value.
- New command `view ir` pretty-prints the IR for a block, and `view ir
--json` can be piped into an external tool like [`explore
ir`](https://github.com/devyn/nu_plugin_explore_ir).
# Tests + Formatting
All tests are passing with `NU_USE_IR=1`, and I've added some more eval
tests to compare the results for some very core operations. I will
probably want to add some more so we don't have to always check
`NU_USE_IR=1 toolkit test --workspace` on a regular basis.
# After Submitting
- [ ] release notes
- [ ] further documentation of instructions?
- [ ] post-release: publish `nu_plugin_explore_ir`
# Description
This PR introduces a new `Signals` struct to replace our adhoc passing
around of `ctrlc: Option<Arc<AtomicBool>>`. Doing so has a few benefits:
- We can better enforce when/where resetting or triggering an interrupt
is allowed.
- Consolidates `nu_utils::ctrl_c::was_pressed` and other ad-hoc
re-implementations into a single place: `Signals::check`.
- This allows us to add other types of signals later if we want. E.g.,
exiting or suspension.
- Similarly, we can more easily change the underlying implementation if
we need to in the future.
- Places that used to have a `ctrlc` of `None` now use
`Signals::empty()`, so we can double check these usages for correctness
in the future.
This reverts commit 0cfd5fbece.
The original PR messed up syntax higlighting of aliases and causes
panics of completion in the presence of alias.
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# Description
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# User-Facing Changes
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# Tests + Formatting
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> **Note**
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# After Submitting
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# Description
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Part of https://github.com/nushell/nushell/issues/12963, step 2.
This PR refactors Call and related argument structures to remove their
dependency on `Expression::span` which will be removed in the future.
# User-Facing Changes
<!-- List of all changes that impact the user experience here. This
helps us keep track of breaking changes. -->
Should be none. If you see some error messages that look broken, please
report.
# Tests + Formatting
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tests for the standard library
> **Note**
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automatically
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# After Submitting
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# Description
@hustcer reported that slashes were disappearing from external args
since #13089:
```
$> ossutil ls oss://abc/b/c
Error: invalid cloud url: "oss:/abc/b/c", please make sure the url starts with: "oss://"
$> ossutil ls 'oss://abc/b/c'
Error: oss: service returned error: StatusCode=403, ErrorCode=UserDisable, ErrorMessage="UserDisable", RequestId=66791EDEFE87B73537120838, Ec=0003-00000801, Bucket=abc, Object=
```
I narrowed this down to the ndots handling, since that does path parsing
and path reconstruction in every case. I decided to change that so that
it only activates if the string contains at least `...`, since that
would be the minimum trigger for ndots, and also to not activate it if
the string contains `://`, since it's probably undesirable for a URL.
Kind of a hack, but I'm not really sure how else we decide whether
someone wants ndots or not.
# User-Facing Changes
- bare strings not containing ndots are not modified
- bare strings containing `://` are not modified
# Tests + Formatting
Added tests to prevent regression.
# Description
We've had a lot of different issues and PRs related to arg handling with
externals since the rewrite of `run-external` in #12921:
- #12950
- #12955
- #13000
- #13001
- #13021
- #13027
- #13028
- #13073
Many of these are caused by the argument handling of external calls and
`run-external` being very special and involving the parser handing
quoted strings over to `run-external` so that it knows whether to expand
tildes and globs and so on. This is really unusual and also makes it
harder to use `run-external`, and also harder to understand it (and
probably is part of the reason why it was rewritten in the first place).
This PR moves a lot more of that work over to the parser, so that by the
time `run-external` gets it, it's dealing with much more normal Nushell
values. In particular:
- Unquoted strings are handled as globs with no expand
- The unescaped-but-quoted handling of strings was removed, and the
parser constructs normal looking strings instead, removing internal
quotes so that `run-external` doesn't have to do it
- Bare word interpolation is now supported and expansion is done in this
case
- Expressions typed as `Glob` containing `Expr::StringInterpolation` now
produce `Value::Glob` instead, with the quoted status from the expr
passed through so we know if it was a bare word
- Bare word interpolation for values typed as `glob` now possible, but
not implemented
- Because expansion is now triggered by `Value::Glob(_, false)` instead
of looking at the expr, externals now support glob types
# User-Facing Changes
- Bare word interpolation works for external command options, and
otherwise embedded in other strings:
```nushell
^echo --foo=(2 + 2) # prints --foo=4
^echo -foo=$"(2 + 2)" # prints -foo=4
^echo foo="(2 + 2)" # prints (no interpolation!) foo=(2 + 2)
^echo foo,(2 + 2),bar # prints foo,4,bar
```
- Bare word interpolation expands for external command head/args:
```nushell
let name = "exa"
~/.cargo/bin/($name) # this works, and expands the tilde
^$"~/.cargo/bin/($name)" # this doesn't expand the tilde
^echo ~/($name)/* # this glob is expanded
^echo $"~/($name)/*" # this isn't expanded
```
- Ndots are now supported for the head of an external command
(`^.../foo` works)
- Glob values are now supported for head/args of an external command,
and expanded appropriately:
```nushell
^("~/.cargo/bin/exa" | into glob) # the tilde is expanded
^echo ("*.txt" | into glob) # this glob is expanded
```
- `run-external` now works more like any other command, without
expecting a special call convention
for its args:
```nushell
run-external echo "'foo'"
# before PR: 'foo'
# after PR: foo
run-external echo "*.txt"
# before PR: (glob is expanded)
# after PR: *.txt
```
# Tests + Formatting
Lots of tests added and cleaned up. Some tests that weren't active on
Windows changed to use `nu --testbin cococo` so that they can work.
Added a test for Linux only to make sure tilde expansion of commands
works, because changing `HOME` there causes `~` to reliably change.
- 🟢 `toolkit fmt`
- 🟢 `toolkit clippy`
- 🟢 `toolkit test`
- 🟢 `toolkit test stdlib`
# After Submitting
- [ ] release notes: make sure to mention the new syntaxes that are
supported
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Fixes#13171
# Description
Corrects the `sys users` signature to match the returned type.
Before this change `sys users | where name == root` would result in a
type error.
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# User-Facing Changes
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# Tests + Formatting
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> **Note**
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# After Submitting
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# Description
Removes the `which-support` cargo feature and makes all of its
feature-gated code enabled by default in all builds. I'm not sure why
this one command is gated behind a feature. It seems to be a relic of
older code where we had features for what seems like every command.
# Description
Removes the old, deprecated behavior of the `sys` command. That is, it
will no longer return the full system information record.
# User-Facing Changes
Breaking change: `sys` no longer outputs anything and will instead
display help text.
# Description
This pr is going to use `pathdiff::diff_path`, so we don't need to
handle for relative path by ourselves.
This is also the behavior before the rewritten of run_external.rs
It's a follow up to https://github.com/nushell/nushell/pull/13028
# User-Facing Changes
NaN
# Tests + Formatting
No need to add tests
# Description
Fixes: #13066
nushell should remove argument values' inner quote once it gets `=`.
Whatever it's a flag or not, and it also replace from `\"` to `"` before
passing it to external commands.
# User-Facing Changes
Given the shell script:
```shell
# test.sh
echo $@
```
## Before
```
> sh test.sh -ldflags="-s -w" github.com
-ldflags="-s -w" github.com
> sh test.sh exp='-s -w' github.com
exp='-s -w' github.com
```
## After
```
> sh test.sh -ldflags="-s -w" github.com
-ldflags=-s -w github.com
> sh test.sh exp='-s -w' github.com
exp=-s -w github.com
```
# Tests + Formatting
Added some tests
# Description
First part of SpanID refactoring series. This PR adds a `SpanId` type
and a corresponding `span_id` field to `Expression`. Parser creating
expressions will now add them to an array in `StateWorkingSet`,
generates a corresponding ID and saves the ID to the Expression. The IDs
are not used anywhere yet.
For the rough overall plan, see
https://github.com/nushell/nushell/issues/12963.
# User-Facing Changes
Hopefully none. This is only a refactor of Nushell's internals that
shouldn't have visible side effects.
# Tests + Formatting
# After Submitting
# Description
Fix#13021
This changes the `expand_glob()` function to use
`nu_engine::glob_from()` so that absolute paths are actually preserved,
rather than being made relative to the provided parent. This preserves
the intent of whoever wrote the original path/glob, and also makes it so
that tilde always produces absolute paths.
I also made `expand_glob()` handle Ctrl-C so that it can be interrupted.
cc @YizhePKU
# Tests + Formatting
No additional tests here... but that might be a good idea.
# Description
Makes `run-external` error if arguments to `cmd.exe` internal commands
contain newlines or a percent sign. This is because the percent sign can
expand environment variables, potentially? allowing command injection.
Newlines I think will truncate the rest of the arguments and should
probably be disallowed to be safe.
# After Submitting
- If the user calls `cmd.exe` directly, then this bypasses our
handling/checking for internal `cmd` commands. Instead, we use the
handling from the Rust std lib which, in this case, does not do special
handling and is potentially unsafe. Then again, it could be the user's
specific intention to run `cmd` with whatever trusted input. The problem
is that since we use the std lib handling, it assumes the exe uses the C
runtime escaping rules and will perform some unwanted escaping. E.g., it
will add backslashes to the quotes in `cmd echo /c '""'`.
- If `cmd` is called indirectly via a `.bat` or `.cmd` file, then we use
the Rust std lib which has separate handling for bat files that should
be safe, but will reject some inputs.
- ~~I'm not sure how we handle `PATHEXT`, that can also cause a file
without an extension to be run as a bat file. If so, I don't know where
the handling, if any, is done for that.~~ It looks like we use the
`which` crate to do the lookup using `PATHEXT`. Then, we pass the exe
path from that to the Rust std lib `Command`, which should be safe
(except for the first `cmd.exe` note).
So, in the future we need to unify and/or fix these different
implementations, including our own special handling for internal `cmd`
commands that this PR tries to fix.
# Description
Fix a regression introduced by #12921, where tilde expansion was no
longer done on the external command name, breaking things like
```nushell
> ~/.cargo/bin/exa
```
This properly handles quoted strings, so they don't expand:
```nushell
> ^"~/.cargo/bin/exa"
Error: nu:🐚:external_command
× External command failed
╭─[entry #1:1:2]
1 │ ^"~/.cargo/bin/exa"
· ─────────┬────────
· ╰── Command `~/.cargo/bin/exa` not found
╰────
help: `~/.cargo/bin/exa` is neither a Nushell built-in or a known external command
```
This required a change to the parser, so the command name is also parsed
in the same way the arguments are - i.e. the quotes on the outside
remain in the expression. Hopefully that doesn't break anything else. 🤞Fixes#13000. Should include in patch release 0.94.1
cc @YizhePKU
# User-Facing Changes
- Tilde expansion now works again for external commands
- The `command` of `run-external` will now have its quotes removed like
the other arguments if it is a literal string
- The parser is changed to include quotes in the command expression of
`ExternalCall` if they were present
# Tests + Formatting
I would like to add a regression test for this, but it's complicated
because we need a well-known binary within the home directory, which
just isn't a thing. We could drop one there, but that's kind of a bad
behavior for a test to do. I also considered changing the home directory
for the test, but that's so platform-specific - potentially could get it
working on specific platforms though. Changing `HOME` env on Linux
definitely works as far as tilde expansion works.
- 🟢 `toolkit fmt`
- 🟢 `toolkit clippy`
- 🟢 `toolkit test`
- 🟢 `toolkit test stdlib`
This PR fixes a bug where `.` is expanded into an empty string when used
as an argument to external commands. Fixes
https://github.com/nushell/nushell/issues/12948.
---------
Co-authored-by: Ian Manske <ian.manske@pm.me>
# Description
Instead of returning an error, this PR changes `expand_glob` in
`run_external.rs` to return the original string arg if glob creation
failed. This makes it so that, e.g.,
```nushell
^echo `[`
^echo `***`
```
no longer fail with a shell error. (This follows from #12921.)
# Description
I feel like it's a little sad that BSDs get to enjoy almost everything
other than the `ps` command, and there are some tests that rely on this
command, so I figured it would be fun to patch that and make it work.
The different BSDs have diverged from each other somewhat, but generally
have a similar enough API for reading process information via
`sysctl()`, with some slightly different args.
This supports FreeBSD with the `freebsd` module, and NetBSD and OpenBSD
with the `netbsd` module. OpenBSD is a fork of NetBSD and the interface
has some minor differences but many things are the same.
I had wanted to try to support DragonFlyBSD too, but their Rust version
in the latest release is only 1.72.0, which is too old for me to want to
try to compile rustc up to 1.77.2... but I will revisit this whenever
they do update it. Dragonfly is a fork of FreeBSD, so it's likely to be
more or less the same - I just don't want to enable it without testing
it.
Fixes#6862 (partially, we probably won't be adding `zfs list`)
# User-Facing Changes
`ps` added for FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD.
# Tests + Formatting
The CI doesn't run tests for BSDs, so I'm not entirely sure if
everything was already passing before. (Frankly, it's unlikely.) But
nothing appears to be broken.
# After Submitting
- [ ] release notes?
- [ ] DragonflyBSD, whenever they do update Rust to something close
enough for me to try it
# Description
This PR allows byte streams to optionally be colored as being
specifically binary or string data, which guarantees that they'll be
converted to `Binary` or `String` appropriately on `into_value()`,
making them compatible with `Type` guarantees. This makes them
significantly more broadly usable for command input and output.
There is still an `Unknown` type for byte streams coming from external
commands, which uses the same behavior as we previously did where it's a
string if it's UTF-8.
A small number of commands were updated to take advantage of this, just
to prove the point. I will be adding more after this merges.
# User-Facing Changes
- New types in `describe`: `string (stream)`, `binary (stream)`
- These commands now return a stream if their input was a stream:
- `into binary`
- `into string`
- `bytes collect`
- `str join`
- `first` (binary)
- `last` (binary)
- `take` (binary)
- `skip` (binary)
- Streams that are explicitly binary colored will print as a streaming
hexdump
- example:
```nushell
1.. | each { into binary } | bytes collect
```
# Tests + Formatting
I've added some tests to cover it at a basic level, and it doesn't break
anything existing, but I do think more would be nice. Some of those will
come when I modify more commands to stream.
# After Submitting
There are a few things I'm not quite satisfied with:
- **String trimming behavior.** We automatically trim newlines from
streams from external commands, but I don't think we should do this with
internal commands. If I call a command that happens to turn my string
into a stream, I don't want the newline to suddenly disappear. I changed
this to specifically do it only on `Child` and `File`, but I don't know
if this is quite right, and maybe we should bring back the old flag for
`trim_end_newline`
- **Known binary always resulting in a hexdump.** It would be nice to
have a `print --raw`, so that we can put binary data on stdout
explicitly if we want to. This PR doesn't change how external commands
work though - they still dump straight to stdout.
Otherwise, here's the normal checklist:
- [ ] release notes
- [ ] docs update for plugin protocol changes (added `type` field)
---------
Co-authored-by: Ian Manske <ian.manske@pm.me>
# Description
There is a bug when `hide-env` is used on environment variables that
were present at shell startup. Namely, child processes still inherit the
hidden environment variable. This PR fixes#12900, fixes#11495, and
fixes#7937.
# Tests + Formatting
Added a test.
# Description
Kind of a vague title, but this PR does two main things:
1. Rather than overriding functions like `Command::is_parser_keyword`,
this PR instead changes commands to override `Command::command_type`.
The `CommandType` returned by `Command::command_type` is then used to
automatically determine whether `Command::is_parser_keyword` and the
other `is_{type}` functions should return true. These changes allow us
to remove the `CommandType::Other` case and should also guarantee than
only one of the `is_{type}` functions on `Command` will return true.
2. Uses the new, reworked `Command::command_type` function in the `scope
commands` and `which` commands.
# User-Facing Changes
- Breaking change for `scope commands`: multiple columns (`is_builtin`,
`is_keyword`, `is_plugin`, etc.) have been merged into the `type`
column.
- Breaking change: the `which` command can now report `plugin` or
`keyword` instead of `built-in` in the `type` column. It may also now
report `external` instead of `custom` in the `type` column for known
`extern`s.
# Description
This PR introduces a `ByteStream` type which is a `Read`-able stream of
bytes. Internally, it has an enum over three different byte stream
sources:
```rust
pub enum ByteStreamSource {
Read(Box<dyn Read + Send + 'static>),
File(File),
Child(ChildProcess),
}
```
This is in comparison to the current `RawStream` type, which is an
`Iterator<Item = Vec<u8>>` and has to allocate for each read chunk.
Currently, `PipelineData::ExternalStream` serves a weird dual role where
it is either external command output or a wrapper around `RawStream`.
`ByteStream` makes this distinction more clear (via `ByteStreamSource`)
and replaces `PipelineData::ExternalStream` in this PR:
```rust
pub enum PipelineData {
Empty,
Value(Value, Option<PipelineMetadata>),
ListStream(ListStream, Option<PipelineMetadata>),
ByteStream(ByteStream, Option<PipelineMetadata>),
}
```
The PR is relatively large, but a decent amount of it is just repetitive
changes.
This PR fixes#7017, fixes#10763, and fixes#12369.
This PR also improves performance when piping external commands. Nushell
should, in most cases, have competitive pipeline throughput compared to,
e.g., bash.
| Command | Before (MB/s) | After (MB/s) | Bash (MB/s) |
| -------------------------------------------------- | -------------:|
------------:| -----------:|
| `throughput \| rg 'x'` | 3059 | 3744 | 3739 |
| `throughput \| nu --testbin relay o> /dev/null` | 3508 | 8087 | 8136 |
# User-Facing Changes
- This is a breaking change for the plugin communication protocol,
because the `ExternalStreamInfo` was replaced with `ByteStreamInfo`.
Plugins now only have to deal with a single input stream, as opposed to
the previous three streams: stdout, stderr, and exit code.
- The output of `describe` has been changed for external/byte streams.
- Temporary breaking change: `bytes starts-with` no longer works with
byte streams. This is to keep the PR smaller, and `bytes ends-with`
already does not work on byte streams.
- If a process core dumped, then instead of having a `Value::Error` in
the `exit_code` column of the output returned from `complete`, it now is
a `Value::Int` with the negation of the signal number.
# After Submitting
- Update docs and book as necessary
- Release notes (e.g., plugin protocol changes)
- Adapt/convert commands to work with byte streams (high priority is
`str length`, `bytes starts-with`, and maybe `bytes ends-with`).
- Refactor the `tee` code, Devyn has already done some work on this.
---------
Co-authored-by: Devyn Cairns <devyn.cairns@gmail.com>
# Description
This should fix#10155 where the `sys` command can panic due to date
math in certain cases / on certain systems.
# User-Facing Changes
The `boot_time` column now has a date value instead of a formatted date
string. This is technically a breaking change.
# Description
Add a new `sys users` command which returns a table of the users of the
system. This is the same table that is currently present as
`(sys).host.sessions`. The same table has been removed from the recently
added `sys host` command.
# User-Facing Changes
Adds a new command. (The old `sys` command is left as is.)
# Description
Adds subcommands to `sys` corresponding to each column of the record
returned by `sys`. This is to alleviate the fact that `sys` now returns
a regular record, meaning that it must compute every column which might
take a noticeable amount of time. The subcommands, on the other hand,
only need to compute and return a subset of the data which should be
much faster. In fact, it should be as fast as before, since this is how
the lazy record worked (it would compute only each column as necessary).
I choose to add subcommands instead of having an optional cell-path
parameter on `sys`, since the cell-path parameter would:
- increase the code complexity (can access any value at any row or
nested column)
- prevents discovery with tab-completion
- hinders type checking and allows users to pass potentially invalid
columns
# User-Facing Changes
Deprecates `sys` in favor of the new `sys` subcommands.
# Description
Does some misc changes to `ListStream`:
- Moves it into its own module/file separate from `RawStream`.
- `ListStream`s now have an associated `Span`.
- This required changes to `ListStreamInfo` in `nu-plugin`. Note sure if
this is a breaking change for the plugin protocol.
- Hides the internals of `ListStream` but also adds a few more methods.
- This includes two functions to more easily alter a stream (these take
a `ListStream` and return a `ListStream` instead of having to go through
the whole `into_pipeline_data(..)` route).
- `map`: takes a `FnMut(Value) -> Value`
- `modify`: takes a function to modify the inner stream.
This is the first PR towards migrating to a new `$env.PWD` API that
returns potentially un-canonicalized paths. Refer to PR #12515 for
motivations.
## New API: `EngineState::cwd()`
The goal of the new API is to cover both parse-time and runtime use
case, and avoid unintentional misuse. It takes an `Option<Stack>` as
argument, which if supplied, will search for `$env.PWD` on the stack in
additional to the engine state. I think with this design, there's less
confusion over parse-time and runtime environments. If you have access
to a stack, just supply it; otherwise supply `None`.
## Deprecation of other PWD-related APIs
Other APIs are re-implemented using `EngineState::cwd()` and properly
documented. They're marked deprecated, but their behavior is unchanged.
Unused APIs are deleted, and code that accesses `$env.PWD` directly
without using an API is rewritten.
Deprecated APIs:
* `EngineState::current_work_dir()`
* `StateWorkingSet::get_cwd()`
* `env::current_dir()`
* `env::current_dir_str()`
* `env::current_dir_const()`
* `env::current_dir_str_const()`
Other changes:
* `EngineState::get_cwd()` (deleted)
* `StateWorkingSet::list_env()` (deleted)
* `repl::do_run_cmd()` (rewritten with `env::current_dir_str()`)
## `cd` and `pwd` now use logical paths by default
This pulls the changes from PR #12515. It's currently somewhat broken
because using non-canonicalized paths exposed a bug in our path
normalization logic (Issue #12602). Once that is fixed, this should
work.
## Future plans
This PR needs some tests. Which test helpers should I use, and where
should I put those tests?
I noticed that unquoted paths are expanded within `eval_filepath()` and
`eval_directory()` before they even reach the `cd` command. This means
every paths is expanded twice. Is this intended?
Once this PR lands, the plan is to review all usages of the deprecated
APIs and migrate them to `EngineState::cwd()`. In the meantime, these
usages are annotated with `#[allow(deprecated)]` to avoid breaking CI.
---------
Co-authored-by: Jakub Žádník <kubouch@gmail.com>
# Description
Removes lazy records from the language, following from the reasons
outlined in #12622. Namely, this should make semantics more clear and
will eliminate concerns regarding maintainability.
# User-Facing Changes
- Breaking change: `lazy make` is removed.
- Breaking change: `describe --collect-lazyrecords` flag is removed.
- `sys` and `debug info` now return regular records.
# After Submitting
- Update nushell book if necessary.
- Explore new `sys` and `debug info` APIs to prevent them from taking
too long (e.g., subcommands or taking an optional column/cell-path
argument).
# Description
Continuing from #12568, this PR further reduces the size of `Expr` from
64 to 40 bytes. It also reduces `Expression` from 128 to 96 bytes and
`Type` from 32 to 24 bytes.
This was accomplished by:
- for `Expr` with multiple fields (e.g., `Expr::Thing(A, B, C)`),
merging the fields into new AST struct types and then boxing this struct
(e.g. `Expr::Thing(Box<ABC>)`).
- replacing `Vec<T>` with `Box<[T]>` in multiple places. `Expr`s and
`Expression`s should rarely be mutated, if at all, so this optimization
makes sense.
By reducing the size of these types, I didn't notice a large performance
improvement (at least compared to #12568). But this PR does reduce the
memory usage of nushell. My config is somewhat light so I only noticed a
difference of 1.4MiB (38.9MiB vs 37.5MiB).
---------
Co-authored-by: Stefan Holderbach <sholderbach@users.noreply.github.com>
# Description
This adds an extension trait to `Result` that wraps errors in `Spanned`,
saving the effort of calling `.map_err(|err| err.into_spanned(span))`
every time. This will hopefully make it even more likely that someone
will want to use a spanned `io::Error` and make it easier to remove the
impl for `From<io::Error> for ShellError` because that doesn't have span
information.
# Description
EngineState now tracks the script currently running, instead of the
parent directory of the script. This also provides an easy way to expose
the current running script to the user (Issue #12195).
Similarly, StateWorkingSet now tracks scripts instead of directories.
`parsed_module_files` and `currently_parsed_pwd` are merged into one
variable, `scripts`, which acts like a stack for tracking the current
running script (which is on the top of the stack).
Circular import check is added for `source` operations, in addition to
module import. A simple testcase is added for circular source.
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# User-Facing Changes
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helps us keep track of breaking changes. -->
It shouldn't have any user facing changes.
# Description
I spent a while trying to come up with a good name for what is currently
`IoStream`. Looking back, this name is not the best, because it:
1. Implies that it is a stream, when it all it really does is specify
the output destination for a stream/pipeline.
2. Implies that it handles input and output, when it really only handles
output.
So, this PR renames `IoStream` to `OutDest` instead, which should be
more clear.
# Description
Where possible, this PR replaces usages of raw `libc` bindings to
instead use safe interfaces from the `nix` crate. Where not possible,
the `libc` version reexported through `nix` was used instead of having a
separate `libc` dependency.
# Description
When implementing a `Command`, one must also import all the types
present in the function signatures for `Command`. This makes it so that
we often import the same set of types in each command implementation
file. E.g., something like this:
```rust
use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
use nu_protocol::{
record, Category, Example, IntoInterruptiblePipelineData, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData,
ShellError, Signature, Span, Type, Value,
};
```
This PR adds the `nu_engine::command_prelude` module which contains the
necessary and commonly used types to implement a `Command`:
```rust
// command_prelude.rs
pub use crate::CallExt;
pub use nu_protocol::{
ast::{Call, CellPath},
engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack},
record, Category, Example, IntoInterruptiblePipelineData, IntoPipelineData, IntoSpanned,
PipelineData, Record, ShellError, Signature, Span, Spanned, SyntaxShape, Type, Value,
};
```
This should reduce the boilerplate needed to implement a command and
also gives us a place to track the breadth of the `Command` API. I tried
to be conservative with what went into the prelude modules, since it
might be hard/annoying to remove items from the prelude in the future.
Let me know if something should be included or excluded.
# Description
Binary values passed to `table` may or may not be pretty formatted based
on the output destination. This leads to weird behavior as documented in
#12287. This PR changes `table` to always pretty print binary values.
However, binary values passed to external commands will not be formatted
(this is the existing behavior).
# User-Facing Changes
This is a breaking change. E.g.:
```nushell
0x[8989] | table | cat -
```
used to print raw bytes, but it will now print the pretty formatted
bytes.
# After Submitting
Add to 0.92.0 release notes and update documentation.
# Description
Cleanup search terms and help usage to be consistent and include
coreutils so people can easily find out which commands are coreutils.
![image](https://github.com/nushell/nushell/assets/343840/09b03b11-19ce-49ec-b0b5-9b8455d1b676)
or
```nushell
help commands | where usage =~ coreutils | reject params input_output
```
# User-Facing Changes
<!-- List of all changes that impact the user experience here. This
helps us keep track of breaking changes. -->
# Tests + Formatting
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> **Note**
> from `nushell` you can also use the `toolkit` as follows
> ```bash
> use toolkit.nu # or use an `env_change` hook to activate it
automatically
> toolkit check pr
> ```
-->
# After Submitting
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Hi,
This PR aims at implementing the first iteration for `uname` using
`uutils`. Couple of things:
* Currently my [PR](https://github.com/uutils/coreutils/pull/5921) to
make the required changes is pending in `uutils` repo.
* I guess the number of flags has to be investigated. Still the tests
cover all of them.
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# Description
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# User-Facing Changes
<!-- List of all changes that impact the user experience here. This
helps us keep track of breaking changes. -->
# Tests + Formatting
Don't forget to add tests that cover your changes.
Make sure you've run and fixed any issues with these commands:
- [X] `cargo fmt --all -- --check` to check standard code formatting
(`cargo fmt --all` applies these changes)
- [X] `cargo clippy --workspace -- -D warnings -D clippy::unwrap_used`
to check that you're using the standard code style
- [X] `cargo test --workspace` to check that all tests pass (on Windows
make sure to [enable developer
mode](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/apps/get-started/developer-mode-features-and-debugging))
- [X] `cargo run -- -c "use std testing; testing run-tests --path
crates/nu-std"` to run the tests for the standard library
> **Note**
> from `nushell` you can also use the `toolkit` as follows
> ```bash
> use toolkit.nu # or use an `env_change` hook to activate it
automatically
> toolkit check pr
> ```
-->
# After Submitting
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---------
Co-authored-by: Darren Schroeder <343840+fdncred@users.noreply.github.com>
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- fixes#11014
# Description
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When the `command_not_found` hook is entered, we set an environment
variable for context. If an unknown command is encountered and the
`command_not_found` context environment variable is already present, it
implies a command in the hook closure is also not found. We stop the
recursion right there.
# User-Facing Changes
<!-- List of all changes that impact the user experience here. This
helps us keep track of breaking changes. -->
Incorrect `command_not_found` hooks can be caught without panicking.
# Tests + Formatting
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check that you're using the standard code style
- `cargo test --workspace` to check that all tests pass (on Windows make
sure to [enable developer
mode](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/apps/get-started/developer-mode-features-and-debugging))
- `cargo run -- -c "use std testing; testing run-tests --path
crates/nu-std"` to run the tests for the standard library
> **Note**
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> ```
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Tests are passing.
# After Submitting
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# Description
This makes many of the larger objects in `EngineState` into `Arc`, and
uses `Arc::make_mut` to do clone-on-write if the reference is not
unique. This is generally very cheap, giving us the best of both worlds
- allowing us to mutate without cloning if we have an exclusive
reference, and cloning if we don't.
This started as more of a curiosity for me after remembering that
`Arc::make_mut` exists and can make using `Arc` for mostly immutable
data that sometimes needs to be changed very convenient, and also after
hearing someone complain about memory usage on Discord - this is a
somewhat significant win for that.
The exact objects that were wrapped in `Arc`:
- `files`, `file_contents` - the strings and byte buffers
- `decls` - the whole `Vec`, but mostly to avoid lots of individual
`malloc()` calls on Clone rather than for memory usage
- `blocks` - the blocks themselves, rather than the outer Vec
- `modules` - the modules themselves, rather than the outer Vec
- `env_vars`, `previous_env_vars` - the entire maps
- `config`
The changes required were relatively minimal, but this is a breaking API
change. In particular, blocks are added as Arcs, to allow the parser
cache functionality to work.
With my normal nu config, running on Linux, this saves me about 15 MiB
of process memory usage when running interactively (65 MiB → 50 MiB).
This also makes quick command executions cheaper, particularly since
every REPL loop now involves a clone of the engine state so that we can
recover from a panic. It also reduces memory usage where engine state
needs to be cloned and sent to another thread or kept within an
iterator.
# User-Facing Changes
Shouldn't be any, since it's all internal stuff, but it does change some
public interfaces so it's a breaking change
# Description
The PR overhauls how IO redirection is handled, allowing more explicit
and fine-grain control over `stdout` and `stderr` output as well as more
efficient IO and piping.
To summarize the changes in this PR:
- Added a new `IoStream` type to indicate the intended destination for a
pipeline element's `stdout` and `stderr`.
- The `stdout` and `stderr` `IoStream`s are stored in the `Stack` and to
avoid adding 6 additional arguments to every eval function and
`Command::run`. The `stdout` and `stderr` streams can be temporarily
overwritten through functions on `Stack` and these functions will return
a guard that restores the original `stdout` and `stderr` when dropped.
- In the AST, redirections are now directly part of a `PipelineElement`
as a `Option<Redirection>` field instead of having multiple different
`PipelineElement` enum variants for each kind of redirection. This
required changes to the parser, mainly in `lite_parser.rs`.
- `Command`s can also set a `IoStream` override/redirection which will
apply to the previous command in the pipeline. This is used, for
example, in `ignore` to allow the previous external command to have its
stdout redirected to `Stdio::null()` at spawn time. In contrast, the
current implementation has to create an os pipe and manually consume the
output on nushell's side. File and pipe redirections (`o>`, `e>`, `e>|`,
etc.) have precedence over overrides from commands.
This PR improves piping and IO speed, partially addressing #10763. Using
the `throughput` command from that issue, this PR gives the following
speedup on my setup for the commands below:
| Command | Before (MB/s) | After (MB/s) | Bash (MB/s) |
| --------------------------- | -------------:| ------------:|
-----------:|
| `throughput o> /dev/null` | 1169 | 52938 | 54305 |
| `throughput \| ignore` | 840 | 55438 | N/A |
| `throughput \| null` | Error | 53617 | N/A |
| `throughput \| rg 'x'` | 1165 | 3049 | 3736 |
| `(throughput) \| rg 'x'` | 810 | 3085 | 3815 |
(Numbers above are the median samples for throughput)
This PR also paves the way to refactor our `ExternalStream` handling in
the various commands. For example, this PR already fixes the following
code:
```nushell
^sh -c 'echo -n "hello "; sleep 0; echo "world"' | find "hello world"
```
This returns an empty list on 0.90.1 and returns a highlighted "hello
world" on this PR.
Since the `stdout` and `stderr` `IoStream`s are available to commands
when they are run, then this unlocks the potential for more convenient
behavior. E.g., the `find` command can disable its ansi highlighting if
it detects that the output `IoStream` is not the terminal. Knowing the
output streams will also allow background job output to be redirected
more easily and efficiently.
# User-Facing Changes
- External commands returned from closures will be collected (in most
cases):
```nushell
1..2 | each {|_| nu -c "print a" }
```
This gives `["a", "a"]` on this PR, whereas this used to print "a\na\n"
and then return an empty list.
```nushell
1..2 | each {|_| nu -c "print -e a" }
```
This gives `["", ""]` and prints "a\na\n" to stderr, whereas this used
to return an empty list and print "a\na\n" to stderr.
- Trailing new lines are always trimmed for external commands when
piping into internal commands or collecting it as a value. (Failure to
decode the output as utf-8 will keep the trailing newline for the last
binary value.) In the current nushell version, the following three code
snippets differ only in parenthesis placement, but they all also have
different outputs:
1. `1..2 | each { ^echo a }`
```
a
a
╭────────────╮
│ empty list │
╰────────────╯
```
2. `1..2 | each { (^echo a) }`
```
╭───┬───╮
│ 0 │ a │
│ 1 │ a │
╰───┴───╯
```
3. `1..2 | (each { ^echo a })`
```
╭───┬───╮
│ 0 │ a │
│ │ │
│ 1 │ a │
│ │ │
╰───┴───╯
```
But in this PR, the above snippets will all have the same output:
```
╭───┬───╮
│ 0 │ a │
│ 1 │ a │
╰───┴───╯
```
- All existing flags on `run-external` are now deprecated.
- File redirections now apply to all commands inside a code block:
```nushell
(nu -c "print -e a"; nu -c "print -e b") e> test.out
```
This gives "a\nb\n" in `test.out` and prints nothing. The same result
would happen when printing to stdout and using a `o>` file redirection.
- External command output will (almost) never be ignored, and ignoring
output must be explicit now:
```nushell
(^echo a; ^echo b)
```
This prints "a\nb\n", whereas this used to print only "b\n". This only
applies to external commands; values and internal commands not in return
position will not print anything (e.g., `(echo a; echo b)` still only
prints "b").
- `complete` now always captures stderr (`do` is not necessary).
# After Submitting
The language guide and other documentation will need to be updated.
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# Description
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This PR refactors `nu-check` and makes it possible to check module
directories. Also removes the requirement for files to end with .nu: It
was too limiting for module directories and there are executable scripts
[around](https://github.com/nushell/nu_scripts/tree/main/make_release/release-note)
that do not end with .nu, it's a common practice for scripts to omit it.
Other changes are:
* Removed the `--all` flag and heuristic parse because these are
irrelevant now when module syntax is a subset of script syntax (i.e.,
every module can be parsed as script).
* Reduced code duplication and in general tidied up the code
* Replaced unspanned errors with spanned ones.
# User-Facing Changes
<!-- List of all changes that impact the user experience here. This
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* `nu-check` doesn't require files to end with .nu
* can check module directories
* Removed `--all` flag
# Tests + Formatting
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crates/nu-std"` to run the tests for the standard library
> **Note**
> from `nushell` you can also use the `toolkit` as follows
> ```bash
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automatically
> toolkit check pr
> ```
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# Description
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This PR adds a new evaluator path with callbacks to a mutable trait
object implementing a Debugger trait. The trait object can do anything,
e.g., profiling, code coverage, step debugging. Currently,
entering/leaving a block and a pipeline element is marked with
callbacks, but more callbacks can be added as necessary. Not all
callbacks need to be used by all debuggers; unused ones are simply empty
calls. A simple profiler is implemented as a proof of concept.
The debugging support is implementing by making `eval_xxx()` functions
generic depending on whether we're debugging or not. This has zero
computational overhead, but makes the binary slightly larger (see
benchmarks below). `eval_xxx()` variants called from commands (like
`eval_block_with_early_return()` in `each`) are chosen with a dynamic
dispatch for two reasons: to not grow the binary size due to duplicating
the code of many commands, and for the fact that it isn't possible
because it would make Command trait objects object-unsafe.
In the future, I hope it will be possible to allow plugin callbacks such
that users would be able to implement their profiler plugins instead of
having to recompile Nushell.
[DAP](https://microsoft.github.io/debug-adapter-protocol/) would also be
interesting to explore.
Try `help debug profile`.
## Screenshots
Basic output:
![profiler_new](https://github.com/nushell/nushell/assets/25571562/418b9df0-b659-4dcb-b023-2d5fcef2c865)
To profile with more granularity, increase the profiler depth (you'll
see that repeated `is-windows` calls take a large chunk of total time,
making it a good candidate for optimizing):
![profiler_new_m3](https://github.com/nushell/nushell/assets/25571562/636d756d-5d56-460c-a372-14716f65f37f)
## Benchmarks
### Binary size
Binary size increase vs. main: **+40360 bytes**. _(Both built with
`--release --features=extra,dataframe`.)_
### Time
```nushell
# bench_debug.nu
use std bench
let test = {
1..100
| each {
ls | each {|row| $row.name | str length }
}
| flatten
| math avg
}
print 'debug:'
let res2 = bench { debug profile $test } --pretty
print $res2
```
```nushell
# bench_nodebug.nu
use std bench
let test = {
1..100
| each {
ls | each {|row| $row.name | str length }
}
| flatten
| math avg
}
print 'no debug:'
let res1 = bench { do $test } --pretty
print $res1
```
`cargo run --release -- bench_debug.nu` is consistently 1--2 ms slower
than `cargo run --release -- bench_nodebug.nu` due to the collection
overhead + gathering the report. This is expected. When gathering more
stuff, the overhead is obviously higher.
`cargo run --release -- bench_nodebug.nu` vs. `nu bench_nodebug.nu` I
didn't measure any difference. Both benchmarks report times between 97
and 103 ms randomly, without one being consistently higher than the
other. This suggests that at least in this particular case, when not
running any debugger, there is no runtime overhead.
## API changes
This PR adds a generic parameter to all `eval_xxx` functions that forces
you to specify whether you use the debugger. You can resolve it in two
ways:
* Use a provided helper that will figure it out for you. If you wanted
to use `eval_block(&engine_state, ...)`, call `let eval_block =
get_eval_block(&engine_state); eval_block(&engine_state, ...)`
* If you know you're in an evaluation path that doesn't need debugger
support, call `eval_block::<WithoutDebug>(&engine_state, ...)` (this is
the case of hooks, for example).
I tried to add more explanation in the docstring of `debugger_trait.rs`.
## TODO
- [x] Better profiler output to reduce spam of iterative commands like
`each`
- [x] Resolve `TODO: DEBUG` comments
- [x] Resolve unwraps
- [x] Add doc comments
- [x] Add usage and extra usage for `debug profile`, explaining all
columns
# User-Facing Changes
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helps us keep track of breaking changes. -->
Hopefully none.
# Tests + Formatting
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check that you're using the standard code style
- `cargo test --workspace` to check that all tests pass (on Windows make
sure to [enable developer
mode](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/apps/get-started/developer-mode-features-and-debugging))
- `cargo run -- -c "use std testing; testing run-tests --path
crates/nu-std"` to run the tests for the standard library
> **Note**
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# After Submitting
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# Description
Replace panics with errors in thread spawning.
Also adds `IntoSpanned` trait for easily constructing `Spanned`, and an
implementation of `From<Spanned<std::io::Error>>` for `ShellError`,
which is used to provide context for the error wherever there was a span
conveniently available. In general this should make it more convenient
to do the right thing with `std::io::Error` and always add a span to it
when it's possible to do so.
# User-Facing Changes
Fewer panics!
# Tests + Formatting
- 🟢 `toolkit fmt`
- 🟢 `toolkit clippy`
- 🟢 `toolkit test`
- 🟢 `toolkit test stdlib`
# Description
Fixes: #11912
# User-Facing Changes
After this change:
```
let x = '*.nu'; ^echo $x
```
will no longer expand glob.
If users still want to expand glob, there are also 3 ways to do this:
```
# 1. use spread operation with `glob` command
let x = '*.nu'; ^echo ...(glob $x)
```
# Tests + Formatting
Done
# After Submitting
NaN
# Description
This is a follow up to
https://github.com/nushell/nushell/pull/11621#issuecomment-1937484322
Also Fixes: #11838
## About the code change
It applys the same logic when we pass variables to external commands:
0487e9ffcb/crates/nu-command/src/system/run_external.rs (L162-L170)
That is: if user input dynamic things(like variables, sub-expression, or
string interpolation), it returns a quoted `NuPath`, then user input
won't be globbed
# User-Facing Changes
Given two input files: `a*c.txt`, `abc.txt`
* `let f = "a*c.txt"; rm $f` will remove one file: `a*c.txt`.
~* `let f = "a*c.txt"; rm --glob $f` will remove `a*c.txt` and
`abc.txt`~
* `let f: glob = "a*c.txt"; rm $f` will remove `a*c.txt` and `abc.txt`
## Rules about globbing with *variable*
Given two files: `a*c.txt`, `abc.txt`
| Cmd Type | example | Result |
| ----- | ------------------ | ------ |
| builtin | let f = "a*c.txt"; rm $f | remove `a*c.txt` |
| builtin | let f: glob = "a*c.txt"; rm $f | remove `a*c.txt` and
`abc.txt`
| builtin | let f = "a*c.txt"; rm ($f \| into glob) | remove `a*c.txt`
and `abc.txt`
| custom | def crm [f: glob] { rm $f }; let f = "a*c.txt"; crm $f |
remove `a*c.txt` and `abc.txt`
| custom | def crm [f: glob] { rm ($f \| into string) }; let f =
"a*c.txt"; crm $f | remove `a*c.txt`
| custom | def crm [f: string] { rm $f }; let f = "a*c.txt"; crm $f |
remove `a*c.txt`
| custom | def crm [f: string] { rm $f }; let f = "a*c.txt"; crm ($f \|
into glob) | remove `a*c.txt` and `abc.txt`
In general, if a variable is annotated with `glob` type, nushell will
expand glob pattern. Or else, we need to use `into | glob` to expand
glob pattern
# Tests + Formatting
Done
# After Submitting
I think `str glob-escape` command will be no-longer required. We can
remove it.
# Description
Currently, `ShellError::FileNotFound` shows the span where the error
occurred but doesn't say which file wasn't found. This PR makes it so
the help includes that (like the `DirectoryNotFound` error).
# User-Facing Changes
No breaking changes, it's just that when a file can't be found, the help
will say which file couldn't be found:
![image](https://github.com/nushell/nushell/assets/45539777/e52f1e65-55c1-4cd2-8108-a4ccc334a66f)
# Description
nushell is verified to work on FreeBSD 14 with these patches.
What isn't supported on FreeBSD:
* the crate 'procfs' doesn't support FreeBSD yet, all functionality
depending on procfs is disabled
* several RLIMIT_* values aren't supported on FreeBSD - functions
related to these are disabled
# User-Facing Changes
n/a
# Tests + Formatting
n/a
# After Submitting
n/a
---------
Co-authored-by: sholderbach <sholderbach@users.noreply.github.com>