# Description
Add custom command attributes.
- Attributes are placed before a command definition and start with a `@`
character.
- Attribute invocations consist of const command call. The command's
name must start with "attr ", but this prefix is not used in the
invocation.
- A command named `attr example` is invoked as an attribute as
`@example`
- Several built-in attribute commands are provided as part of this PR
- `attr example`: Attaches an example to the commands help text
```nushell
# Double numbers
@example "double an int" { 5 | double } --result 10
@example "double a float" { 0.5 | double } --result 1.0
def double []: [number -> number] {
$in * 2
}
```
- `attr search-terms`: Adds search terms to a command
- ~`attr env`: Equivalent to using `def --env`~
- ~`attr wrapped`: Equivalent to using `def --wrapped`~ shelved for
later discussion
- several testing related attributes in `std/testing`
- If an attribute has no internal/special purpose, it's stored as
command metadata that can be obtained with `scope commands`.
- This allows having attributes like `@test` which can be used by test
runners.
- Used the `@example` attribute for `std` examples.
- Updated the std tests and test runner to use `@test` attributes
- Added completions for attributes
# User-Facing Changes
Users can add examples to their own command definitions, and add other
arbitrary attributes.
# Tests + Formatting
- 🟢 toolkit fmt
- 🟢 toolkit clippy
- 🟢 toolkit test
- 🟢 toolkit test stdlib
# After Submitting
- Add documentation about the attribute syntax and built-in attributes
- `help attributes`
---------
Co-authored-by: 132ikl <132@ikl.sh>
# Description
In the PR #13832 I used some newtypes for the old IDs. `SpanId` and
`RegId` already used newtypes, to streamline the code, I made them into
the same style as the other marker-based IDs.
Since `RegId` should be a bit smaller (it uses a `u32` instead of
`usize`) according to @devyn, I made the `Id` type generic with `usize`
as the default inner value.
The question still stands how `Display` should be implemented if even.
# User-Facing Changes
Users of the internal values of `RegId` or `SpanId` have breaking
changes but who outside nushell itself even uses these?
# After Submitting
The IDs will be streamlined and all type-safe.
# Description
Fixes#13441.
I must have forgotten that `Expr::Range` can contain other expressions,
so I wasn't searching for `$in` to replace within it. Easy fix.
# User-Facing Changes
Bug fix, ranges like `6 | 3..$in` work as expected now.
# Tests + Formatting
Added regression test.
# Description
This grew quite a bit beyond its original scope, but I've tried to make
`$in` a bit more consistent and easier to work with.
Instead of the parser generating calls to `collect` and creating
closures, this adds `Expr::Collect` which just evaluates in the same
scope and doesn't require any closure.
When `$in` is detected in an expression, it is replaced with a new
variable (also called `$in`) and wrapped in `Expr::Collect`. During
eval, this expression is evaluated directly, with the input and with
that new variable set to the collected value.
Other than being faster and less prone to gotchas, it also makes it
possible to typecheck the output of an expression containing `$in`,
which is nice. This is a breaking change though, because of the lack of
the closure and because now typechecking will actually happen. Also, I
haven't attempted to typecheck the input yet.
The IR generated now just looks like this:
```gas
collect %in
clone %tmp, %in
store-variable $in, %tmp
# %out <- ...expression... <- %in
drop-variable $in
```
(where `$in` is the local variable created for this collection, and not
`IN_VARIABLE_ID`)
which is a lot better than having to create a closure and call `collect
--keep-env`, dealing with all of the capture gathering and allocation
that entails. Ideally we can also detect whether that input is actually
needed, so maybe we don't have to clone, but I haven't tried to do that
yet. Theoretically now that the variable is a unique one every time, it
should be possible to give it a type - I just don't know how to
determine that yet.
On top of that, I've also reworked how `$in` works in pipeline-initial
position. Previously, it was a little bit inconsistent. For example,
this worked:
```nushell
> 3 | do { let x = $in; let y = $in; print $x $y }
3
3
```
However, this causes a runtime variable not found error on the second
`$in`:
```nushell
> def foo [] { let x = $in; let y = $in; print $x $y }; 3 | foo
Error: nu:🐚:variable_not_found
× Variable not found
╭─[entry #115:1:35]
1 │ def foo [] { let x = $in; let y = $in; print $x $y }; 3 | foo
· ─┬─
· ╰── variable not found
╰────
```
I've fixed this by making the first element `$in` detection *always*
happen at the block level, so if you use `$in` in pipeline-initial
position anywhere in a block, it will collect with an implicit
subexpression around the whole thing, and you can then use that `$in`
more than once. In doing this I also rewrote `parse_pipeline()` and
hopefully it's a bit more straightforward and possibly more efficient
too now.
Finally, I've tried to make `let` and `mut` a lot more straightforward
with how they handle the rest of the pipeline, and using a redirection
with `let`/`mut` now does what you'd expect if you assume that they
consume the whole pipeline - the redirection is just processed as
normal. These both work now:
```nushell
let x = ^foo err> err.txt
let y = ^foo out+err>| str length
```
It was previously possible to accomplish this with a subexpression, but
it just seemed like a weird gotcha that you couldn't do it. Intuitively,
`let` and `mut` just seem to take the whole line.
- closes#13137
# User-Facing Changes
- `$in` will behave more consistently with blocks and closures, since
the entire block is now just wrapped to handle it if it appears in the
first pipeline element
- `$in` no longer creates a closure, so what can be done within an
expression containing `$in` is less restrictive
- `$in` containing expressions are now type checked, rather than just
resulting in `any`. However, `$in` itself is still `any`, so this isn't
quite perfect yet
- Redirections are now allowed in `let` and `mut` and behave pretty much
how you'd expect
# Tests + Formatting
Added tests to cover the new behaviour.
# After Submitting
- [ ] release notes (definitely breaking change)
# Description
Refactors `help operators` so that its output is always up to date with
the parser.
# User-Facing Changes
- The order of output rows for `help operators` was changed.
- `not` is now listed as a boolean operator instead of a comparison
operator.
- Edited some of the descriptions for the operators.
This reverts commit 0cfd5fbece6f25b54ab9dc417a9e06af9d83f282.
The original PR messed up syntax higlighting of aliases and causes
panics of completion in the presence of alias.
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# Description
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Part of https://github.com/nushell/nushell/issues/12963, step 2.
This PR refactors Call and related argument structures to remove their
dependency on `Expression::span` which will be removed in the future.
# User-Facing Changes
<!-- List of all changes that impact the user experience here. This
helps us keep track of breaking changes. -->
Should be none. If you see some error messages that look broken, please
report.
# Tests + Formatting
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# After Submitting
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# Description
We've had a lot of different issues and PRs related to arg handling with
externals since the rewrite of `run-external` in #12921:
- #12950
- #12955
- #13000
- #13001
- #13021
- #13027
- #13028
- #13073
Many of these are caused by the argument handling of external calls and
`run-external` being very special and involving the parser handing
quoted strings over to `run-external` so that it knows whether to expand
tildes and globs and so on. This is really unusual and also makes it
harder to use `run-external`, and also harder to understand it (and
probably is part of the reason why it was rewritten in the first place).
This PR moves a lot more of that work over to the parser, so that by the
time `run-external` gets it, it's dealing with much more normal Nushell
values. In particular:
- Unquoted strings are handled as globs with no expand
- The unescaped-but-quoted handling of strings was removed, and the
parser constructs normal looking strings instead, removing internal
quotes so that `run-external` doesn't have to do it
- Bare word interpolation is now supported and expansion is done in this
case
- Expressions typed as `Glob` containing `Expr::StringInterpolation` now
produce `Value::Glob` instead, with the quoted status from the expr
passed through so we know if it was a bare word
- Bare word interpolation for values typed as `glob` now possible, but
not implemented
- Because expansion is now triggered by `Value::Glob(_, false)` instead
of looking at the expr, externals now support glob types
# User-Facing Changes
- Bare word interpolation works for external command options, and
otherwise embedded in other strings:
```nushell
^echo --foo=(2 + 2) # prints --foo=4
^echo -foo=$"(2 + 2)" # prints -foo=4
^echo foo="(2 + 2)" # prints (no interpolation!) foo=(2 + 2)
^echo foo,(2 + 2),bar # prints foo,4,bar
```
- Bare word interpolation expands for external command head/args:
```nushell
let name = "exa"
~/.cargo/bin/($name) # this works, and expands the tilde
^$"~/.cargo/bin/($name)" # this doesn't expand the tilde
^echo ~/($name)/* # this glob is expanded
^echo $"~/($name)/*" # this isn't expanded
```
- Ndots are now supported for the head of an external command
(`^.../foo` works)
- Glob values are now supported for head/args of an external command,
and expanded appropriately:
```nushell
^("~/.cargo/bin/exa" | into glob) # the tilde is expanded
^echo ("*.txt" | into glob) # this glob is expanded
```
- `run-external` now works more like any other command, without
expecting a special call convention
for its args:
```nushell
run-external echo "'foo'"
# before PR: 'foo'
# after PR: foo
run-external echo "*.txt"
# before PR: (glob is expanded)
# after PR: *.txt
```
# Tests + Formatting
Lots of tests added and cleaned up. Some tests that weren't active on
Windows changed to use `nu --testbin cococo` so that they can work.
Added a test for Linux only to make sure tilde expansion of commands
works, because changing `HOME` there causes `~` to reliably change.
- 🟢 `toolkit fmt`
- 🟢 `toolkit clippy`
- 🟢 `toolkit test`
- 🟢 `toolkit test stdlib`
# After Submitting
- [ ] release notes: make sure to mention the new syntaxes that are
supported
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Part of https://github.com/nushell/nushell/issues/12963, step 2.
This PR refactors changes the use of `expression.span` to
`expression.span_id` via a new helper `Expression::span()`. A new
`GetSpan` is added to abstract getting the span from both `EngineState`
and `StateWorkingSet`.
# User-Facing Changes
<!-- List of all changes that impact the user experience here. This
helps us keep track of breaking changes. -->
`format pattern` loses the ability to use variables in the pattern,
e.g., `... | format pattern 'value of {$it.name} is {$it.value}'`. This
is because the command did a custom parse-eval cycle, creating spans
that are not merged into the main engine state. We could clone the
engine state, add Clone trait to StateDelta and merge the cloned delta
to the cloned state, but IMO there is not much value from having this
ability, since we have string interpolation nowadays: `... | $"value of
($in.name) is ($in.value)"`.
# Tests + Formatting
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# Description
First part of SpanID refactoring series. This PR adds a `SpanId` type
and a corresponding `span_id` field to `Expression`. Parser creating
expressions will now add them to an array in `StateWorkingSet`,
generates a corresponding ID and saves the ID to the Expression. The IDs
are not used anywhere yet.
For the rough overall plan, see
https://github.com/nushell/nushell/issues/12963.
# User-Facing Changes
Hopefully none. This is only a refactor of Nushell's internals that
shouldn't have visible side effects.
# Tests + Formatting
# After Submitting
# Description
This PR adds raw string support by using `r#` at the beginning of single
quoted strings and `#` at the end.
Notice that escapes do not process, even within single quotes,
parentheses don't mean anything, $variables don't mean anything. It's
just a string.
```nushell
❯ echo r#'one\ntwo (blah) ($var)'#
one\ntwo (blah) ($var)
```
Notice how they work without `echo` or `print` and how they work without
carriage returns.
```nushell
❯ r#'adsfa'#
adsfa
❯ r##"asdfa'@qpejq'##
asdfa'@qpejq
❯ r#'asdfasdfasf
∙ foqwejfqo@'23rfjqf'#
```
They also have a special configurable color in the repl. (use single
quotes though)
They should work like rust raw literals and allow `r##`, `r###`,
`r####`, etc, to help with having one or many `#`'s in the middle of
your raw-string.
They should work with `let` as well.
```nushell
r#'some\nraw\nstring'# | str upcase
```
closes https://github.com/nushell/nushell/issues/5091
# User-Facing Changes
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helps us keep track of breaking changes. -->
# Tests + Formatting
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---------
Co-authored-by: WindSoilder <WindSoilder@outlook.com>
Co-authored-by: Ian Manske <ian.manske@pm.me>
# Description
This PR does miscellaneous cleanup in some of the commands from
`nu-cmd-lang`.
# User-Facing Changes
None.
# After Submitting
Cleanup the other commands in `nu-cmd-lang`.
# Description
Continuing from #12568, this PR further reduces the size of `Expr` from
64 to 40 bytes. It also reduces `Expression` from 128 to 96 bytes and
`Type` from 32 to 24 bytes.
This was accomplished by:
- for `Expr` with multiple fields (e.g., `Expr::Thing(A, B, C)`),
merging the fields into new AST struct types and then boxing this struct
(e.g. `Expr::Thing(Box<ABC>)`).
- replacing `Vec<T>` with `Box<[T]>` in multiple places. `Expr`s and
`Expression`s should rarely be mutated, if at all, so this optimization
makes sense.
By reducing the size of these types, I didn't notice a large performance
improvement (at least compared to #12568). But this PR does reduce the
memory usage of nushell. My config is somewhat light so I only noticed a
difference of 1.4MiB (38.9MiB vs 37.5MiB).
---------
Co-authored-by: Stefan Holderbach <sholderbach@users.noreply.github.com>
# Description
Adds a new keyword, `plugin use`. Unlike `register`, this merely loads
the signatures from the plugin cache file. The file is configurable with
the `--plugin-config` option either to `nu` or to `plugin use` itself,
just like the other `plugin` family of commands. At the REPL, one might
do this to replace `register`:
```nushell
> plugin add ~/.cargo/bin/nu_plugin_foo
> plugin use foo
```
This will not work in a script, because `plugin use` is a keyword and
`plugin add` does not evaluate at parse time (intentionally). This means
we no longer run random binaries during parse.
The `--plugins` option has been added to allow running `nu` with certain
plugins in one step. This is used especially for the `nu_with_plugins!`
test macro, but I'd imagine is generally useful. The only weird quirk is
that it has to be a list, and we don't really do this for any of our
other CLI args at the moment.
`register` now prints a deprecation parse warning.
This should fix#11923, as we now have a complete alternative to
`register`.
# User-Facing Changes
- Add `plugin use` command
- Deprecate `register`
- Add `--plugins` option to `nu` to replace a common use of `register`
# Tests + Formatting
I think I've tested it thoroughly enough and every existing test passes.
Testing nu CLI options and alternate config files is a little hairy and
I wish there were some more generic helpers for this, so this will go on
my TODO list for refactoring.
- 🟢 `toolkit fmt`
- 🟢 `toolkit clippy`
- 🟢 `toolkit test`
- 🟢 `toolkit test stdlib`
# After Submitting
- [ ] Update plugins sections of book
- [ ] Release notes
# Description
Adds a `Box` around the `ImportPattern` in `Expr` which decreases the
size of `Expr` from 152 to 64 bytes (and `Expression` from 216 to 128
bytes). This seems to speed up parsing a little bit according to the
benchmarks (main is top, PR is bottom):
```
benchmarks fastest │ slowest │ median │ mean │ samples │ iters
benchmarks fastest │ slowest │ median │ mean │ samples │ iters
├─ parser_benchmarks │ │ │ │ │
├─ parser_benchmarks │ │ │ │ │
│ ├─ parse_default_config_file 2.287 ms │ 4.532 ms │ 2.311 ms │ 2.437 ms │ 100 │ 100
│ ├─ parse_default_config_file 2.255 ms │ 2.781 ms │ 2.281 ms │ 2.312 ms │ 100 │ 100
│ ╰─ parse_default_env_file 421.8 µs │ 824.6 µs │ 494.3 µs │ 527.5 µs │ 100 │ 100
│ ╰─ parse_default_env_file 402 µs │ 486.6 µs │ 414.8 µs │ 416.2 µs │ 100 │ 100
```
# Description
This PR adds a `ListItem` enum to our set of AST types. It encodes the
two possible expressions inside of list expression: a singular item or a
spread. This is similar to the existing `RecordItem` enum. Adding
`ListItem` allows us to remove the existing `Expr::Spread` case which
was previously used for list spreads. As a consequence, this guarantees
(via the type system) that spreads can only ever occur inside lists,
records, or as command args.
This PR also does a little bit of cleanup in relevant parser code.
# Description
When implementing a `Command`, one must also import all the types
present in the function signatures for `Command`. This makes it so that
we often import the same set of types in each command implementation
file. E.g., something like this:
```rust
use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
use nu_protocol::{
record, Category, Example, IntoInterruptiblePipelineData, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData,
ShellError, Signature, Span, Type, Value,
};
```
This PR adds the `nu_engine::command_prelude` module which contains the
necessary and commonly used types to implement a `Command`:
```rust
// command_prelude.rs
pub use crate::CallExt;
pub use nu_protocol::{
ast::{Call, CellPath},
engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack},
record, Category, Example, IntoInterruptiblePipelineData, IntoPipelineData, IntoSpanned,
PipelineData, Record, ShellError, Signature, Span, Spanned, SyntaxShape, Type, Value,
};
```
This should reduce the boilerplate needed to implement a command and
also gives us a place to track the breadth of the `Command` API. I tried
to be conservative with what went into the prelude modules, since it
might be hard/annoying to remove items from the prelude in the future.
Let me know if something should be included or excluded.
# Description
@sholderbach left a very helpful review and this just implements the
suggestions he made.
Didn't notice any difference in performance, but there could potentially
be for a long running Nushell session or one that loads a lot of stuff.
I also caught a bug where nu-protocol won't build without `plugin`
because of the previous conditional import. Oops. Fixed.
# User-Facing Changes
`blocks` and `modules` type in `EngineState` changed again. Shouldn't
affect plugins or anything else though really
# Tests + Formatting
- 🟢 `toolkit fmt`
- 🟢 `toolkit clippy`
- 🟢 `toolkit test`
- 🟢 `toolkit test stdlib`
# After Submitting
---------
Co-authored-by: sholderbach <sholderbach@users.noreply.github.com>
# Description
This makes many of the larger objects in `EngineState` into `Arc`, and
uses `Arc::make_mut` to do clone-on-write if the reference is not
unique. This is generally very cheap, giving us the best of both worlds
- allowing us to mutate without cloning if we have an exclusive
reference, and cloning if we don't.
This started as more of a curiosity for me after remembering that
`Arc::make_mut` exists and can make using `Arc` for mostly immutable
data that sometimes needs to be changed very convenient, and also after
hearing someone complain about memory usage on Discord - this is a
somewhat significant win for that.
The exact objects that were wrapped in `Arc`:
- `files`, `file_contents` - the strings and byte buffers
- `decls` - the whole `Vec`, but mostly to avoid lots of individual
`malloc()` calls on Clone rather than for memory usage
- `blocks` - the blocks themselves, rather than the outer Vec
- `modules` - the modules themselves, rather than the outer Vec
- `env_vars`, `previous_env_vars` - the entire maps
- `config`
The changes required were relatively minimal, but this is a breaking API
change. In particular, blocks are added as Arcs, to allow the parser
cache functionality to work.
With my normal nu config, running on Linux, this saves me about 15 MiB
of process memory usage when running interactively (65 MiB → 50 MiB).
This also makes quick command executions cheaper, particularly since
every REPL loop now involves a clone of the engine state so that we can
recover from a panic. It also reduces memory usage where engine state
needs to be cloned and sent to another thread or kept within an
iterator.
# User-Facing Changes
Shouldn't be any, since it's all internal stuff, but it does change some
public interfaces so it's a breaking change
# Description
The PR overhauls how IO redirection is handled, allowing more explicit
and fine-grain control over `stdout` and `stderr` output as well as more
efficient IO and piping.
To summarize the changes in this PR:
- Added a new `IoStream` type to indicate the intended destination for a
pipeline element's `stdout` and `stderr`.
- The `stdout` and `stderr` `IoStream`s are stored in the `Stack` and to
avoid adding 6 additional arguments to every eval function and
`Command::run`. The `stdout` and `stderr` streams can be temporarily
overwritten through functions on `Stack` and these functions will return
a guard that restores the original `stdout` and `stderr` when dropped.
- In the AST, redirections are now directly part of a `PipelineElement`
as a `Option<Redirection>` field instead of having multiple different
`PipelineElement` enum variants for each kind of redirection. This
required changes to the parser, mainly in `lite_parser.rs`.
- `Command`s can also set a `IoStream` override/redirection which will
apply to the previous command in the pipeline. This is used, for
example, in `ignore` to allow the previous external command to have its
stdout redirected to `Stdio::null()` at spawn time. In contrast, the
current implementation has to create an os pipe and manually consume the
output on nushell's side. File and pipe redirections (`o>`, `e>`, `e>|`,
etc.) have precedence over overrides from commands.
This PR improves piping and IO speed, partially addressing #10763. Using
the `throughput` command from that issue, this PR gives the following
speedup on my setup for the commands below:
| Command | Before (MB/s) | After (MB/s) | Bash (MB/s) |
| --------------------------- | -------------:| ------------:|
-----------:|
| `throughput o> /dev/null` | 1169 | 52938 | 54305 |
| `throughput \| ignore` | 840 | 55438 | N/A |
| `throughput \| null` | Error | 53617 | N/A |
| `throughput \| rg 'x'` | 1165 | 3049 | 3736 |
| `(throughput) \| rg 'x'` | 810 | 3085 | 3815 |
(Numbers above are the median samples for throughput)
This PR also paves the way to refactor our `ExternalStream` handling in
the various commands. For example, this PR already fixes the following
code:
```nushell
^sh -c 'echo -n "hello "; sleep 0; echo "world"' | find "hello world"
```
This returns an empty list on 0.90.1 and returns a highlighted "hello
world" on this PR.
Since the `stdout` and `stderr` `IoStream`s are available to commands
when they are run, then this unlocks the potential for more convenient
behavior. E.g., the `find` command can disable its ansi highlighting if
it detects that the output `IoStream` is not the terminal. Knowing the
output streams will also allow background job output to be redirected
more easily and efficiently.
# User-Facing Changes
- External commands returned from closures will be collected (in most
cases):
```nushell
1..2 | each {|_| nu -c "print a" }
```
This gives `["a", "a"]` on this PR, whereas this used to print "a\na\n"
and then return an empty list.
```nushell
1..2 | each {|_| nu -c "print -e a" }
```
This gives `["", ""]` and prints "a\na\n" to stderr, whereas this used
to return an empty list and print "a\na\n" to stderr.
- Trailing new lines are always trimmed for external commands when
piping into internal commands or collecting it as a value. (Failure to
decode the output as utf-8 will keep the trailing newline for the last
binary value.) In the current nushell version, the following three code
snippets differ only in parenthesis placement, but they all also have
different outputs:
1. `1..2 | each { ^echo a }`
```
a
a
╭────────────╮
│ empty list │
╰────────────╯
```
2. `1..2 | each { (^echo a) }`
```
╭───┬───╮
│ 0 │ a │
│ 1 │ a │
╰───┴───╯
```
3. `1..2 | (each { ^echo a })`
```
╭───┬───╮
│ 0 │ a │
│ │ │
│ 1 │ a │
│ │ │
╰───┴───╯
```
But in this PR, the above snippets will all have the same output:
```
╭───┬───╮
│ 0 │ a │
│ 1 │ a │
╰───┴───╯
```
- All existing flags on `run-external` are now deprecated.
- File redirections now apply to all commands inside a code block:
```nushell
(nu -c "print -e a"; nu -c "print -e b") e> test.out
```
This gives "a\nb\n" in `test.out` and prints nothing. The same result
would happen when printing to stdout and using a `o>` file redirection.
- External command output will (almost) never be ignored, and ignoring
output must be explicit now:
```nushell
(^echo a; ^echo b)
```
This prints "a\nb\n", whereas this used to print only "b\n". This only
applies to external commands; values and internal commands not in return
position will not print anything (e.g., `(echo a; echo b)` still only
prints "b").
- `complete` now always captures stderr (`do` is not necessary).
# After Submitting
The language guide and other documentation will need to be updated.
# Description
This pr is a follow up to
[#11569](https://github.com/nushell/nushell/pull/11569#issuecomment-1902279587)
> Revert the logic in https://github.com/nushell/nushell/pull/10694 and
apply the logic in this pr to mv, cp, rv will require a larger change, I
need to think how to achieve the bahavior
And sorry @bobhy for reverting some of your changes.
This pr is going to unify glob behavior on the given commands:
* open
* rm
* cp-old
* mv
* umv
* cp
* du
So they have the same behavior to `ls`, which is:
If given parameter is quoted by single quote(`'`) or double quote(`"`),
don't auto-expand the glob pattern. If not quoted, auto-expand the glob
pattern.
Fixes: #9558Fixes: #10211Fixes: #9310Fixes: #10364
# TODO
But there is one thing remains: if we give a variable to the command, it
will always auto-expand the glob pattern, e.g:
```nushell
let path = "a[123]b"
rm $path
```
I don't think it's expected. But I also think user might want to
auto-expand the glob pattern in variables.
So I'll introduce a new command called `glob escape`, then if user
doesn't want to auto-expand the glob pattern, he can just do this: `rm
($path | glob escape)`
# User-Facing Changes
<!-- List of all changes that impact the user experience here. This
helps us keep track of breaking changes. -->
# Tests + Formatting
Done
# After Submitting
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documentation](https://github.com/nushell/nushell.github.io) after the
PR is merged, if necessary. This will help us keep the docs up to date.
-->
## NOTE
This pr changes the semantic of `GlobPattern`, before this pr, it will
`expand path` after evaluated, this makes `nu_engine::glob_from` have no
chance to glob things right if a path contains glob pattern.
e.g: [#9310
](https://github.com/nushell/nushell/issues/9310#issuecomment-1886824030)
#10211
I think changing the semantic is fine, because it makes glob works if
path contains something like '*'.
It maybe a breaking change if a custom command's argument are annotated
by `: glob`.
# Description
Fixes: #11455
### For arguments which is annotated with `:path/:directory/:glob`
To fix the issue, we need to have a way to know if a path is originally
quoted during runtime. So the information needed to be added at several
levels:
* parse time (from user input to expression)
We need to add quoted information into `Expr::Filepath`,
`Expr::Directory`, `Expr::GlobPattern`
* eval time
When convert from `Expr::Filepath`, `Expr::Directory`,
`Expr::GlobPattern` to `Value::String` during runtime, we won't auto
expanded the path if it's quoted
### For `ls`
It's really special, because it accepts a `String` as a pattern, and it
generates `glob` expression inside the command itself.
So the idea behind the change is introducing a special SyntaxShape to
ls: `SyntaxShape::LsGlobPattern`. So we can track if the pattern is
originally quoted easier, and we don't auto expand the path either.
Then when constructing a glob pattern inside ls, we check if input
pattern is quoted, if so: we escape the input pattern, so we can run `ls
a[123]b`, because it's already escaped.
Finally, to accomplish the checking process, we also need to introduce a
new value type called `Value::QuotedString` to differ from
`Value::String`, it's used to generate an enum called `NuPath`, which is
finally used in `ls` function. `ls` learned from `NuPath` to know if
user input is quoted.
# User-Facing Changes
Actually it contains several changes
### For arguments which is annotated with `:path/:directory/:glob`
#### Before
```nushell
> def foo [p: path] { echo $p }; print (foo "~/a"); print (foo '~/a')
/home/windsoilder/a
/home/windsoilder/a
> def foo [p: directory] { echo $p }; print (foo "~/a"); print (foo '~/a')
/home/windsoilder/a
/home/windsoilder/a
> def foo [p: glob] { echo $p }; print (foo "~/a"); print (foo '~/a')
/home/windsoilder/a
/home/windsoilder/a
```
#### After
```nushell
> def foo [p: path] { echo $p }; print (foo "~/a"); print (foo '~/a')
~/a
~/a
> def foo [p: directory] { echo $p }; print (foo "~/a"); print (foo '~/a')
~/a
~/a
> def foo [p: glob] { echo $p }; print (foo "~/a"); print (foo '~/a')
~/a
~/a
```
### For ls command
`touch '[uwu]'`
#### Before
```
❯ ls -D "[uwu]"
Error: × No matches found for [uwu]
╭─[entry #6:1:1]
1 │ ls -D "[uwu]"
· ───┬───
· ╰── Pattern, file or folder not found
╰────
help: no matches found
```
#### After
```
❯ ls -D "[uwu]"
╭───┬───────┬──────┬──────┬──────────╮
│ # │ name │ type │ size │ modified │
├───┼───────┼──────┼──────┼──────────┤
│ 0 │ [uwu] │ file │ 0 B │ now │
╰───┴───────┴──────┴──────┴──────────╯
```
# Tests + Formatting
Done
# After Submitting
NaN
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- fixes #xxxx
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Finishes implementing https://github.com/nushell/nushell/issues/10598,
which asks for a spread operator in lists, in records, and when calling
commands.
# Description
<!--
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guide](../CONTRIBUTING.md) and talk to the core team before making major
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Description of your pull request goes here. **Provide examples and/or
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This PR will allow spreading arguments to commands (both internal and
external). It will also deprecate spreading arguments automatically when
passing to external commands.
# User-Facing Changes
<!-- List of all changes that impact the user experience here. This
helps us keep track of breaking changes. -->
- Users will be able to use `...` to spread arguments to custom/builtin
commands that have rest parameters or allow unknown arguments, or to any
external command
- If a custom command doesn't have a rest parameter and it doesn't allow
unknown arguments either, the spread operator will not be allowed
- Passing lists to external commands without `...` will work for now but
will cause a deprecation warning saying that it'll stop working in 0.91
(is 2 versions enough time?)
Here's a function to help with demonstrating some behavior:
```nushell
> def foo [ a, b, c?, d?, ...rest ] { [$a $b $c $d $rest] | to nuon }
```
You can pass a list of arguments to fill in the `rest` parameter using
`...`:
```nushell
> foo 1 2 3 4 ...[5 6]
[1, 2, 3, 4, [5, 6]]
```
If you don't use `...`, the list `[5 6]` will be treated as a single
argument:
```nushell
> foo 1 2 3 4 [5 6] # Note the double [[]]
[1, 2, 3, 4, [[5, 6]]]
```
You can omit optional parameters before the spread arguments:
```nushell
> foo 1 2 3 ...[4 5] # d is omitted here
[1, 2, 3, null, [4, 5]]
```
If you have multiple lists, you can spread them all:
```nushell
> foo 1 2 3 ...[4 5] 6 7 ...[8] ...[]
[1, 2, 3, null, [4, 5, 6, 7, 8]]
```
Here's the kind of error you get when you try to spread arguments to a
command with no rest parameter:
And this is the warning you get when you pass a list to an external now
(without `...`):
# Tests + Formatting
<!--
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Make sure you've run and fixed any issues with these commands:
- `cargo fmt --all -- --check` to check standard code formatting (`cargo
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- `cargo test --workspace` to check that all tests pass (on Windows make
sure to [enable developer
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- `cargo run -- -c "use std testing; testing run-tests --path
crates/nu-std"` to run the tests for the standard library
> **Note**
> from `nushell` you can also use the `toolkit` as follows
> ```bash
> use toolkit.nu # or use an `env_change` hook to activate it
automatically
> toolkit check pr
> ```
-->
Added tests to cover the following cases:
- Spreading arguments to a command that doesn't have a rest parameter
(unexpected spread argument error)
- Spreading arguments to a command that doesn't have a rest parameter
*but* there's also a missing positional argument (missing positional
error)
- Spreading arguments to a command that doesn't have a rest parameter
but does allow unknown arguments, such as `exec` (allowed)
- Spreading a list literal containing arguments of the wrong type (parse
error)
- Spreading a non-list value, both to internal and external commands
- Having named arguments in the middle of rest arguments
- `explain`ing a command call that spreads its arguments
# After Submitting
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documentation](https://github.com/nushell/nushell.github.io) after the
PR is merged, if necessary. This will help us keep the docs up to date.
-->
# Examples
Suppose you have multiple tables:
```nushell
let people = [[id name age]; [0 alice 100] [1 bob 200] [2 eve 300]]
let evil_twins = [[id name age]; [0 ecila 100] [-1 bob 200] [-2 eve 300]]
```
Maybe you often find yourself needing to merge multiple tables and want
a utility to do that. You could write a function like this:
```nushell
def merge_all [ ...tables ] { $tables | reduce { |it, acc| $acc | merge $it } }
```
Then you can use it like this:
```nushell
> merge_all ...([$people $evil_twins] | each { |$it| $it | select name age })
╭───┬───────┬─────╮
│ # │ name │ age │
├───┼───────┼─────┤
│ 0 │ ecila │ 100 │
│ 1 │ bob │ 200 │
│ 2 │ eve │ 300 │
╰───┴───────┴─────╯
```
Except they had duplicate columns, so now you first want to suffix every
column with a number to tell you which table the column came from. You
can make a command for that:
```nushell
def select_and_merge [ --cols: list<string>, ...tables ] {
let renamed_tables = $tables
| enumerate
| each { |it|
$it.item | select $cols | rename ...($cols | each { |col| $col + ($it.index | into string) })
};
merge_all ...$renamed_tables
}
```
And call it like this:
```nushell
> select_and_merge --cols [name age] $people $evil_twins
╭───┬───────┬──────┬───────┬──────╮
│ # │ name0 │ age0 │ name1 │ age1 │
├───┼───────┼──────┼───────┼──────┤
│ 0 │ alice │ 100 │ ecila │ 100 │
│ 1 │ bob │ 200 │ bob │ 200 │
│ 2 │ eve │ 300 │ eve │ 300 │
╰───┴───────┴──────┴───────┴──────╯
```
---
Suppose someone's made a command to search for APT packages:
```nushell
# The main command
def search-pkgs [
--install # Whether to install any packages it finds
log_level: int # Pretend it's a good idea to make this a required positional parameter
exclude?: list<string> # Packages to exclude
repositories?: list<string> # Which repositories to look in (searches in all if not given)
...pkgs # Package names to search for
] {
{ install: $install, log_level: $log_level, exclude: ($exclude | to nuon), repositories: ($repositories | to nuon), pkgs: ($pkgs | to nuon) }
}
```
It has a lot of parameters to configure it, so you might make your own
helper commands to wrap around it for specific cases. Here's one
example:
```nushell
# Only look for packages locally
def search-pkgs-local [
--install # Whether to install any packages it finds
log_level: int
exclude?: list<string> # Packages to exclude
...pkgs # Package names to search for
] {
# All required and optional positional parameters are given
search-pkgs --install=$install $log_level [] ["<local URI or something>"] ...$pkgs
}
```
And you can run it like this:
```nushell
> search-pkgs-local --install=false 5 ...["python2.7" "vim"]
╭──────────────┬──────────────────────────────╮
│ install │ false │
│ log_level │ 5 │
│ exclude │ [] │
│ repositories │ ["<local URI or something>"] │
│ pkgs │ ["python2.7", vim] │
╰──────────────┴──────────────────────────────╯
```
One thing I realized when writing this was that if we decide to not
allow passing optional arguments using the spread operator, then you can
(mis?)use the spread operator to skip optional parameters. Here, I
didn't want to give `exclude` explicitly, so I used a spread operator to
pass the packages to install. Without it, I would've needed to do
`search-pkgs-local --install=false 5 [] "python2.7" "vim"` (explicitly
pass `[]` (or `null`, in the general case) to `exclude`). There are
probably more idiomatic ways to do this, but I just thought it was
something interesting.
If you're a virologist of the [xkcd](https://xkcd.com/350/) kind,
another helper command you might make is this:
```nushell
# Install any packages it finds
def live-dangerously [ ...pkgs ] {
# One optional argument was given (exclude), while another was not (repositories)
search-pkgs 0 [] ...$pkgs --install # Flags can go after spread arguments
}
```
Running it:
```nushell
> live-dangerously "git" "*vi*" # *vi* because I don't feel like typing out vim and neovim
╭──────────────┬─────────────╮
│ install │ true │
│ log_level │ 0 │
│ exclude │ [] │
│ repositories │ null │
│ pkgs │ [git, *vi*] │
╰──────────────┴─────────────╯
```
Here's an example that uses the spread operator more than once within
the same command call:
```nushell
let extras = [ chrome firefox python java git ]
def search-pkgs-curated [ ...pkgs ] {
(search-pkgs
1
[emacs]
["example.com", "foo.com"]
vim # A must for everyone!
...($pkgs | filter { |p| not ($p | str contains "*") }) # Remove packages with globs
python # Good tool to have
...$extras
--install=false
python3) # I forget, did I already put Python in extras?
}
```
Running it:
```nushell
> search-pkgs-curated "git" "*vi*"
╭──────────────┬───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ install │ false │
│ log_level │ 1 │
│ exclude │ [emacs] │
│ repositories │ [example.com, foo.com] │
│ pkgs │ [vim, git, python, chrome, firefox, python, java, git, "python3"] │
╰──────────────┴───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
```
# Description
`Expression::replace_in_variable` is only called in one place, and it is
called with `new_var_id` = `IN_VARIABLE_ID`. So, it ends up doing
nothing. E.g., adding `debug_assert_eq!(new_var_id, IN_VARIABLE_ID)` in
`replace_in_variable` does not trigger any panic.
# User-Facing Changes
Breaking change for `nu_protocol`.
# Description
Following from #11356, it looks like `Expr::MatchPattern` is no longer
used in any way. This PR removes `Expr::MatchPattern` alongside
`Type::MatchPattern` and `SyntaxShape::MatchPattern`.
# User-Facing Changes
Breaking API change for `nu_protocol`.
Goes towards implementing #10598, which asks for a spread operator in
lists, in records, and when calling commands (continuation of #11006,
which only implements it in lists)
# Description
This PR is for adding a spread operator that can be used when building
records. Additional functionality can be added later.
Changes:
- Previously, the `Expr::Record` variant held `(Expression, Expression)`
pairs. It now holds instances of an enum `RecordItem` (the name isn't
amazing) that allows either a key-value mapping or a spread operator.
- `...` will be treated as the spread operator when it appears before
`$`, `{`, or `(` inside records (no whitespace allowed in between) (not
implemented yet)
- The error message for duplicate columns now includes the column name
itself, because if two spread records are involved in such an error, you
can't tell which field was duplicated from the spans alone
`...` will still be treated as a normal string outside records, and even
in records, it is not treated as a spread operator when not followed
immediately by a `$`, `{`, or `(`.
# User-Facing Changes
Users will be able to use `...` when building records.
```
> let rec = { x: 1, ...{ a: 2 } }
> $rec
╭───┬───╮
│ x │ 1 │
│ a │ 2 │
╰───┴───╯
> { foo: bar, ...$rec, baz: blah }
╭─────┬──────╮
│ foo │ bar │
│ x │ 1 │
│ a │ 2 │
│ baz │ blah │
╰─────┴──────╯
```
If you want to update a field of a record, you'll have to use `merge`
instead:
```
> { ...$rec, x: 5 }
Error: nu:🐚:column_defined_twice
× Record field or table column used twice: x
╭─[entry #2:1:1]
1 │ { ...$rec, x: 5 }
· ──┬─ ┬
· │ ╰── field redefined here
· ╰── field first defined here
╰────
> $rec | merge { x: 5 }
╭───┬───╮
│ x │ 5 │
│ a │ 2 │
╰───┴───╯
```
# Tests + Formatting
# After Submitting
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# Description
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Clippy fixes for rust 1.76.0-nightly
# User-Facing Changes
<!-- List of all changes that impact the user experience here. This
helps us keep track of breaking changes. -->
N/A
# Tests + Formatting
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Make sure you've run and fixed any issues with these commands:
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crates/nu-std"` to run the tests for the standard library
> **Note**
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> ```bash
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> ```
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# After Submitting
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# Description
This adds `match` and basic pattern matching.
An example:
```
match $x {
1..10 => { print "Value is between 1 and 10" }
{ foo: $bar } => { print $"Value has a 'foo' field with value ($bar)" }
[$a, $b] => { print $"Value is a list with two items: ($a) and ($b)" }
_ => { print "Value is none of the above" }
}
```
Like the recent changes to `if` to allow it to be used as an expression,
`match` can also be used as an expression. This allows you to assign the
result to a variable, eg) `let xyz = match ...`
I've also included a short-hand pattern for matching records, as I think
it might help when doing a lot of record patterns: `{$foo}` which is
equivalent to `{foo: $foo}`.
There are still missing components, so consider this the first step in
full pattern matching support. Currently missing:
* Patterns for strings
* Or-patterns (like the `|` in Rust)
* Patterns for tables (unclear how we want to match a table, so it'll
need some design)
* Patterns for binary values
* And much more
# User-Facing Changes
[see above]
# Tests + Formatting
Don't forget to add tests that cover your changes.
Make sure you've run and fixed any issues with these commands:
- `cargo fmt --all -- --check` to check standard code formatting (`cargo
fmt --all` applies these changes)
- `cargo clippy --workspace -- -D warnings -D clippy::unwrap_used -A
clippy::needless_collect` to check that you're using the standard code
style
- `cargo test --workspace` to check that all tests pass
> **Note**
> from `nushell` you can also use the `toolkit` as follows
> ```bash
> use toolkit.nu # or use an `env_change` hook to activate it
automatically
> toolkit check pr
> ```
# After Submitting
If your PR had any user-facing changes, update [the
documentation](https://github.com/nushell/nushell.github.io) after the
PR is merged, if necessary. This will help us keep the docs up to date.
We already have the binary `bit-xor` and the shortcircuiting logical
`or`(`||`) and `and`(`&&`).
This introduces `xor` as a compact form for both brevity and clarity.
You can express the operation through `not`/`and`/`or` with a slight
risk of introducing bugs through typos.
Operator precedence
`and` > `xor` > `or`
Added logic and precedence tests.
# Description
As title, when execute external sub command, auto-trimming end
new-lines, like how fish shell does.
And if the command is executed directly like: `cat tmp`, the result
won't change.
Fixes: #6816Fixes: #3980
Note that although nushell works correctly by directly replace output of
external command to variable(or other places like string interpolation),
it's not friendly to user, and users almost want to use `str trim` to
trim trailing newline, I think that's why fish shell do this
automatically.
If the pr is ok, as a result, no more `str trim -r` is required when
user is writing scripts which using external commands.
# User-Facing Changes
Before:
<img width="523" alt="img"
src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/22256154/202468810-86b04dbb-c147-459a-96a5-e0095eeaab3d.png">
After:
<img width="505" alt="img"
src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/22256154/202468599-7b537488-3d6b-458e-9d75-d85780826db0.png">
# Tests + Formatting
Don't forget to add tests that cover your changes.
Make sure you've run and fixed any issues with these commands:
- `cargo fmt --all -- --check` to check standard code formatting (`cargo
fmt --all` applies these changes)
- `cargo clippy --workspace --features=extra -- -D warnings -D
clippy::unwrap_used -A clippy::needless_collect` to check that you're
using the standard code style
- `cargo test --workspace --features=extra` to check that all tests pass
# After Submitting
If your PR had any user-facing changes, update [the
documentation](https://github.com/nushell/nushell.github.io) after the
PR is merged, if necessary. This will help us keep the docs up to date.
This adds support for (limited) mutable variables. Mutable variables are created with mut much the same way immutable variables are made with let.
Mutable variables allow mutation via the assignment operator (=).
❯ mut x = 100
❯ $x = 200
❯ print $x
200
Mutable variables are limited in that they're only tended to be used in the local code block. Trying to capture a local variable will result in an error:
❯ mut x = 123; {|| $x }
Error: nu::parser::expected_keyword (link)
× Capture of mutable variable.
The intent of this limitation is to reduce some of the issues with mutable variables in general: namely they make code that's harder to reason about. By reducing the scope that a mutable variable can be used it, we can help create local reasoning about them.
Mutation can occur with fields as well, as in this case:
❯ mut y = {abc: 123}
❯ $y.abc = 456
❯ $y
On a historical note: mutable variables are something that we resisted for quite a long time, leaning as much as we could on the functional style of pipelines and dataflow. That said, we've watched folks struggle to work with reduce as an approximation for patterns that would be trivial to express with local mutation. With that in mind, we're leaning towards the happy path.
* Add source-env test for dynamic path
* Use correct module ID for env overlay imports
* Remove parser check from "overlay list"
It would cause unnecessary errors from some inner scope if some
overlay module was also defined in some inner scope.
* Restore Cargo.lock back
* Remove comments
* attempts to add `div` math operator
* allows `//` to be used too
* fmt:
* clippy issue
* returns appropriate type
* returns appropriate type 2
* fmt
* ensure consistency; rename to `fdiv`
* Update parser.rs
* Initial implementation of ordered call args
* Run cargo fmt
* Fix some clippy lints
* Add positional len and nth
* Cargo fmt
* Remove more old nth calls
* Good ole rustfmt
* Add named len
Co-authored-by: Hristo Filaretov <h.filaretov@protonmail.com>
