{"page":0,"change":"none","str":" Debbie Kuhlmann is licensed under a ","dir":"ltr","width":"171.30","height":"9.96","transform":["9.96","0.00","0.00","9.96","191.18","96.14"],"fontName":"URQURO+Helvetica","x":191.18,"y":96.1441}
{"page":1,"change":"none","str":"Why is Proper Grammar so Important?","dir":"ltr","width":"441.53","height":"24.00","transform":["24.00","0.00","0.00","24.00","85.22","614.26"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":85.2237900000001,"y":614.2598999999999}
{"page":1,"change":"none","str":"1. Proper grammar is essential to being understood.","dir":"ltr","width":"297.48","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","572.14"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":572.1401999999999}
{"page":1,"change":"none","str":" Writing is an essential form of ","dir":"ltr","width":"164.04","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","369.55","572.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":369.5498,"y":572.1401999999999}
{"page":1,"change":"none","str":"daily communication. Between emails, text messages, reports, papers, and tweets, ","dir":"ltr","width":"442.63","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","558.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":558.3402}
{"page":1,"change":"none","str":"everyone writes. Proper grammar ensures that your message is not lost. You might ","dir":"ltr","width":"444.06","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","544.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":544.5398}
{"page":1,"change":"none","str":"have the greatest message in the world, but that message will lose its impact if y","dir":"ltr","width":"426.31","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","530.71"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":530.7101}
{"page":1,"change":"none","str":"the message with grammatical errors. A misplaced comma or a typo might not seem ","dir":"ltr","width":"450.08","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","516.91"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":516.9101}
{"page":1,"change":"none","str":"like a big deal, but it can change the entire meaning of your sentence. For example, ","dir":"ltr","width":"446.00","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","503.11"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":503.11010000000005}
{"page":1,"change":"none","str":"imagine a friend asked which company you used for your new carpet installation, and","dir":"ltr","width":"451.48","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","489.31"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":489.31010000000003}
{"page":1,"change":"none","str":"you responded with one of the following emails.","dir":"ltr","width":"251.89","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","475.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02379999999994,"y":475.5101}
{"page":1,"change":"none","str":"We used Lowes for our carpet installation.","dir":"ltr","width":"241.33","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","447.91"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":108.01985999999994,"y":447.9101}
{"page":1,"change":"none","str":" Great! The message is clear. ","dir":"ltr","width":"164.05","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","349.39","447.91"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":349.38985999999994,"y":447.9101}
{"page":1,"change":"none","str":"We sued Lowes for our carpet installation. ","dir":"ltr","width":"248.07","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","420.31"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":108.01991999999996,"y":420.3101}
{"page":1,"change":"none","str":"The message is clear, but the ","dir":"ltr","width":"160.63","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","356.11","420.31"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":356.10992,"y":420.3101}
{"page":1,"change":"none","str":"meaning is very different. Two letters were reversed in the word ","dir":"ltr","width":"340.51","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","406.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01991999999998,"y":406.63}
{"page":1,"change":"none","str":", and it ","dir":"ltr","width":"39.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","474.94","406.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":474.93971999999997,"y":406.63}
{"page":1,"change":"none","str":"changed the entire meaning. Typos can sometimes form correctly spelled words ","dir":"ltr","width":"427.92","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","392.71"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01971999999995,"y":392.7101}
{"page":1,"change":"none","str":"with very different meanings. ","dir":"ltr","width":"159.49","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","378.91"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01971999999995,"y":378.9101}
{"page":1,"change":"none","str":"2. Correct grammar reveals the writer’s","dir":"ltr","width":"222.65","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","351.29"],"fontName":"BCKRYX+Arial,Bold","x":72.02361999999995,"y":351.28979999999996}
{"page":1,"change":"none","str":" attention to detail, competency, and ","dir":"ltr","width":"211.09","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","294.89","351.29"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":294.88962,"y":351.28979999999996}
{"page":1,"change":"none","str":" If it seems like the writer is too distracted or sloppy to learn the rules ","dir":"ltr","width":"367.28","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","167.54","337.49"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":167.53961999999996,"y":337.48979999999995}
{"page":1,"change":"none","str":"of grammar, it begs the question, where else are they distracted and sloppy. Your ","dir":"ltr","width":"435.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","323.69"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02361999999995,"y":323.68979999999993}
{"page":1,"change":"none","str":"written words are representing you. You want the reader to focus on your message an","dir":"ltr","width":"456.26","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","309.89"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02361999999995,"y":309.8897999999999}
{"page":1,"change":"none","str":"not your mistakes.","dir":"ltr","width":"97.32","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","296.09"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02361999999994,"y":296.0897999999999}
{"page":1,"change":"none","str":"Proper grammar is essential for formal writing in the academic world and in the ","dir":"ltr","width":"420.56","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","268.61"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02361999999994,"y":268.6101999999999}
{"page":1,"change":"none","str":"business world. In school, many instructors will deduct points from an assignment for ","dir":"ltr","width":"452.78","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","254.81"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02361999999994,"y":254.8101999999999}
{"page":1,"change":"none","str":"each grammatical error. Those points add up quickly and can lower your grade ","dir":"ltr","width":"420.74","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","241.01"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02361999999994,"y":241.01019999999988}
{"page":1,"change":"none","str":"significantly. In business, resumes and cover letters are your tickets to an interview. If ","dir":"ltr","width":"456.00","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","227.21"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02361999999994,"y":227.21019999999987}
{"page":1,"change":"none","str":"your cover letter is filled with grammar errors, it is not likely that you will even receive an ","dir":"ltr","width":"468.60","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","213.41"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02361999999994,"y":213.41019999999986}
{"page":1,"change":"none","str":"interview. Kyle Wiens, CEO of iFixit, said: ","dir":"ltr","width":"223.44","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","199.58"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02361999999994,"y":199.58009999999987}
{"page":1,"change":"none","str":"If it takes someone more than 20 years to notice how ","dir":"ltr","width":"285.03","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","111.98","172.10"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":111.98016,"y":172.1}
{"page":1,"change":"none","str":"to properly use “it’s,”","dir":"ltr","width":"108.58","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","397.03","172.10"],"fontName":"NYNMFO+Arial,Italic","x":397.03016,"y":172.1}
{"page":1,"change":"none","str":" then ","dir":"ltr","width":"30.18","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","505.54","172.10"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":505.54016,"y":172.1}
{"page":1,"change":"none","str":"that’s not a learning curve I’m comfortable","dir":"ltr","width":"222.66","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","158.30"],"fontName":"NYNMFO+Arial,Italic","x":108.02,"y":158.3}
{"page":1,"change":"none","str":" with. So, even in this hyper-","dir":"ltr","width":"150.67","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","330.91","158.30"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":330.90999999999997,"y":158.3}
{"page":1,"change":"none","str":"competitive market, I will pass on a great programmer who cannot write. ","dir":"ltr","width":"385.33","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","144.50"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":108.02,"y":144.5}
{"page":1,"change":"none","str":"Applicants who don’t think writing is important are likely to think lots of other ","dir":"ltr","width":"404.07","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","130.70"],"fontName":"NYNMFO+Arial,Italic","x":108.02,"y":130.7}
{"page":1,"change":"none","str":"(important) things also aren’t important. After all, sloppy is as sloppy does.”","dir":"ltr","width":"396.78","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","116.90"],"fontName":"NYNMFO+Arial,Italic","x":108.02,"y":116.9}
{"page":2,"change":"none","str":"3. In business writing you are representing your company and yourself. ","dir":"ltr","width":"414.32","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","62.04","708.96"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":62.039710000000014,"y":708.96}
{"page":2,"change":"none","str":"company wants their employees to send out messages filled with grammar errors. It ","dir":"ltr","width":"447.33","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","62.04","695.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":62.039710000000014,"y":695.1401000000001}
{"page":2,"change":"none","str":"makes the company look sloppy and unprofessional. Studies have shown that ","dir":"ltr","width":"416.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","62.04","681.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":62.0398,"y":681.34}
{"page":2,"change":"none","str":"a single ","dir":"ltr","width":"44.69","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","478.54","681.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":478.54,"y":681.34}
{"page":2,"change":"none","str":"spelling mistake on a website can cut online sales revenue in half. It might seem like a ","dir":"ltr","width":"460.52","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","62.04","667.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":62.0398,"y":667.54}
{"page":2,"change":"none","str":"small error, but it reveals the company‟s attent","dir":"ltr","width":"245.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","62.04","653.74"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":62.0398,"y":653.74}
{"page":2,"change":"none","str":"ion to detail. In February 2014 Bing ","dir":"ltr","width":"190.21","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","307.61","653.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":307.6098,"y":653.74}
{"page":2,"change":"none","str":"announced that websites containing grammar errors would show up lower on the search ","dir":"ltr","width":"470.68","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","62.04","639.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":62.0398,"y":639.94}
{"page":2,"change":"none","str":"rankings than companies with proper grammar. Companies want to appear in the top ten ","dir":"ltr","width":"473.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","62.04","626.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":62.0398,"y":626.14}
{"page":2,"change":"none","str":"rankings on search engines because it directs more business to their own website. Duane ","dir":"ltr","width":"479.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","62.04","612.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":62.0398,"y":612.34}
{"page":2,"change":"none","str":"Forrester of Bing said, “W","dir":"ltr","width":"136.42","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","62.04","598.54"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":62.0398,"y":598.54}
{"page":2,"change":"none","str":"hy would an engine show a page of content with errors higher in ","dir":"ltr","width":"342.43","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","199.01","598.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":199.01,"y":598.54}
{"page":2,"change":"none","str":"the rankings when other pages of error free content exist to serve the searcher","dir":"ltr","width":"416.58","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","62.04","584.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":62.0398,"y":584.74}
{"page":2,"change":"none","str":"4. The ability to write well puts the writer in charge.","dir":"ltr","width":"290.65","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","62.04","546.10"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":62.04002,"y":546.1002}
{"page":2,"change":"none","str":" By prioritizing your ideas, you can ","dir":"ltr","width":"186.05","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","352.87","546.10"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":352.87001999999995,"y":546.1002}
{"page":2,"change":"none","str":"guide the reader through your writing, emphasizing points that you deem important.","dir":"ltr","width":"441.29","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","62.04","532.27"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":62.04001999999997,"y":532.2701}
{"page":2,"change":"none","str":" By ","dir":"ltr","width":"20.48","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","503.37","532.27"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":503.37001999999995,"y":532.2701}
{"page":2,"change":"none","str":"doing this, you can emphasize your main point.","dir":"ltr","width":"250.03","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","62.04","518.47"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":62.04001999999997,"y":518.4701}
{"page":2,"change":"none","str":"Common Errors in Business Writing","dir":"ltr","width":"310.15","height":"18.00","transform":["18.00","0.00","0.00","18.00","62.04","442.75"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":62.040039999999976,"y":442.75010000000003}
{"page":2,"change":"none","str":"1. Effective writers should not depend on spell-check programs to catch all of the ","dir":"ltr","width":"467.56","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","62.04","416.59"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":62.0398,"y":416.59}
{"page":2,"change":"none","str":"Spell-check will catch spelling errors, typos, and basic grammar ","dir":"ltr","width":"340.75","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","180.74","402.79"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":180.7398,"y":402.78999999999996}
{"page":2,"change":"none","str":"errors; however, it cannot replace concentrated proofreading. Spell-check only catches ","dir":"ltr","width":"463.77","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","62.04","388.99"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":62.0398,"y":388.98999999999995}
{"page":2,"change":"none","str":"words that are not in the English language. If your typo happens to create a w","dir":"ltr","width":"411.33","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","62.04","375.19"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":62.0398,"y":375.18999999999994}
{"page":2,"change":"none","str":"ord in the ","dir":"ltr","width":"53.45","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","473.25","375.19"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":473.2508,"y":375.18999999999994}
{"page":2,"change":"none","str":"English language, spell-check will not catch it. The meaning might be completely diff","dir":"ltr","width":"446.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","62.04","361.37"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":62.039800000000014,"y":361.3700999999999}
{"page":2,"change":"none","str":"Spell-check does not know the difference between a person ","dir":"ltr","width":"320.68","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","62.04","347.69"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":62.039800000000014,"y":347.68999999999994}
{"page":2,"change":"none","str":", between being stranded on a ","dir":"ltr","width":"164.60","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","159.62","333.89"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":159.61989999999997,"y":333.88999999999993}
{"page":2,"change":"none","str":"desert island ","dir":"ltr","width":"71.44","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","324.31","333.89"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":324.30989999999997,"y":333.88999999999993}
{"page":2,"change":"none","str":"or a ","dir":"ltr","width":"24.05","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","395.71","333.89"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":395.70989999999995,"y":333.88999999999993}
{"page":2,"change":"none","str":", or ","dir":"ltr","width":"20.75","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","493.78","333.89"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":493.77979999999997,"y":333.88999999999993}
{"page":2,"change":"none","str":" or ","dir":"ltr","width":"17.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","154.22","320.09"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":154.21985999999995,"y":320.0899999999999}
{"page":2,"change":"none","str":". Both options are spelled correctly, but they have ","dir":"ltr","width":"265.87","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","214.97","320.09"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":214.96985999999995,"y":320.0899999999999}
{"page":2,"change":"none","str":"dramatically different meanings.","dir":"ltr","width":"169.32","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","62.04","306.17"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":62.03985999999995,"y":306.17009999999993}
{"page":2,"change":"none","str":"Proofread your documents thoroughly. It is helpful to read your documents out loud","dir":"ltr","width":"439.97","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","62.04","281.33"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":62.03985999999995,"y":281.3302999999999}
{"page":2,"change":"none","str":". If you ","dir":"ltr","width":"39.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","501.94","281.33"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":501.94286,"y":281.3302999999999}
{"page":2,"change":"none","str":"read it in your head, you often read what you meant to say instead of the inf","dir":"ltr","width":"400.92","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","62.04","267.53"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":62.039859999999976,"y":267.5302999999999}
{"page":2,"change":"none","str":"ormation you ","dir":"ltr","width":"72.61","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","463.09","267.53"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":463.08885999999995,"y":267.5302999999999}
{"page":2,"change":"none","str":"wrote. Have someone else proofread your document too.","dir":"ltr","width":"302.84","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","62.04","253.73"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":62.039859999999976,"y":253.7302999999999}
{"page":2,"change":"none","str":"2. Effective writing should be comprehendible and enjoyable to your target ","dir":"ltr","width":"429.11","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","62.04","215.09"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":62.039879999999954,"y":215.0900999999999}
{"page":2,"change":"none","str":" Have you ever become frustrated reading an instruction manual because the ","dir":"ltr","width":"413.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","120.86","201.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":120.86018999999995,"y":201.2603999999999}
{"page":2,"change":"none","str":"directions were confusing? Clearly, the writer did not accurately gauge the target ","dir":"ltr","width":"429.91","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","62.04","187.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":62.03988999999994,"y":187.46039999999988}
{"page":2,"change":"none","str":"audience. If the reader is throwing the manual down in frustration, then the writer has ","dir":"ltr","width":"453.77","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","62.04","173.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":62.03988999999994,"y":173.66039999999987}
{"page":2,"change":"none","str":"failed. How can you avoid this?","dir":"ltr","width":"165.33","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","62.04","159.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":62.03988999999994,"y":159.86039999999986}
{"page":2,"change":"none","str":"Do not use technical terms or acronyms unless you are certain that the reader is ","dir":"ltr","width":"462.38","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","62.04","135.14"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":62.03988999999993,"y":135.14009999999985}
{"page":2,"change":"none","str":"familiar with these terms.","dir":"ltr","width":"144.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","62.04","121.34"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":62.03988999999993,"y":121.34009999999985}
{"page":2,"change":"none","str":" If you must use the term, be sure to define it in your ","dir":"ltr","width":"279.96","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","206.21","121.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":206.20988999999992,"y":121.34009999999985}
{"page":2,"change":"none","str":"document. You want your message to be clear and not frustrating to your reader.","dir":"ltr","width":"428.78","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","62.04","107.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":62.03988999999993,"y":107.54009999999985}
{"page":3,"change":"none","str":"Do not use slang, text language, hashtags, emoticons, or jargon in formal writing.","dir":"ltr","width":"465.56","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","62.04","708.96"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":62.039710000000014,"y":708.96}
{"page":3,"change":"none","str":"Many people do not understand these terms, and find it frustrating to receive ","dir":"ltr","width":"408.58","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","62.04","695.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":62.03970999999996,"y":695.1401000000001}
{"page":3,"change":"none","str":"correspondence containing it. This type of communication is acceptable in informal ","dir":"ltr","width":"441.35","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","62.04","681.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":62.03970999999996,"y":681.3401000000001}
{"page":3,"change":"none","str":"communication, but is too casual and informal for business communication or academ","dir":"ltr","width":"455.18","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","62.04","667.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":62.03970999999996,"y":667.5401000000002}
{"page":3,"change":"none","str":"Imagine receiving the following email from your manager, “OMG! U will b xited 4 ","dir":"ltr","width":"427.35","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","103.34","653.74"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":103.33971000000001,"y":653.7401000000002}
{"page":3,"change":"none","str":":)” Would you take your manager seriously? The message is too casual, and ","dir":"ltr","width":"407.96","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","114.74","639.94"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":114.73971000000002,"y":639.9401000000003}
{"page":3,"change":"none","str":"makes the writer look amateurish and unprofessional.","dir":"ltr","width":"284.17","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","62.04","626.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":62.039710000000014,"y":626.1405000000002}
{"page":3,"change":"none","str":"“Why is it important to use correct grammar?” ","dir":"ltr","width":"243.97","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","192.89","601.42"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":192.88965000000002,"y":601.4202000000002}
{"page":3,"change":"none","str":"“Wanna get hired? Work on your grammar ","dir":"ltr","width":"228.08","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","184.10","562.90"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":184.0999,"y":562.9}
{"page":3,"change":"none","str":"fington Post: “Kyle Wiens of iFixit Won‟t Hire the Grammatically Challenged” ","dir":"ltr","width":"406.04","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","134.78","510.31"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":134.78,"y":510.31}
{"page":3,"change":"none","str":"The Eight Parts of Speech","dir":"ltr","width":"223.02","height":"18.00","transform":["18.00","0.00","0.00","18.00","62.04","440.35"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":62.03981999999999,"y":440.3498}
{"page":3,"change":"none","str":"Before you can play a sport, you must learn the rules of the game. The same the","dir":"ltr","width":"427.17","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","62.04","414.19"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":62.0398,"y":414.19}
{"page":3,"change":"none","str":"applies to writing with proper grammar. Before you can write effectively, you must learn ","dir":"ltr","width":"464.60","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","62.04","400.39"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":62.039800000000014,"y":400.39}
{"page":3,"change":"none","str":"the rules. Let‟s meet the starting lineup.","dir":"ltr","width":"209.45","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","62.04","386.59"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":62.039800000000014,"y":386.59}
{"page":3,"change":"none","str":"A noun names a person, place, thing, feeling, or idea. Nouns can be as specific as ","dir":"ltr","width":"440.04","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","62.04","320.33"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":62.0398,"y":320.33}
{"page":3,"change":"none","str":"Starbucks coffee or as abstract as freedom and happiness. Nouns are broken into two ","dir":"ltr","width":"460.04","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","62.04","306.53"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":62.0398,"y":306.53}
{"page":3,"change":"none","str":"groups: proper nouns and common nouns. ","dir":"ltr","width":"229.32","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","62.04","292.73"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":62.0398,"y":292.72999999999996}
{"page":3,"change":"none","str":"Proper nouns are capitalized","dir":"ltr","width":"164.09","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","291.65","292.73"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":291.6498,"y":292.72999999999996}
{"page":3,"change":"none","str":", and they refer ","dir":"ltr","width":"83.94","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","455.86","292.73"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":455.85980000000006,"y":292.72999999999996}
{"page":3,"change":"none","str":"to specific things. ","dir":"ltr","width":"95.46","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","62.04","278.93"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":62.03980000000007,"y":278.92999999999995}
{"page":3,"change":"none","str":"Common nouns are not capitalized","dir":"ltr","width":"199.26","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","157.58","278.93"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":157.58000000000007,"y":278.92999999999995}
{"page":3,"change":"none","str":", and they refer to general things. ","dir":"ltr","width":"179.34","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","356.83","278.93"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":356.83000000000004,"y":278.92999999999995}
{"page":3,"change":"none","str":"Dr. Sam Jones","dir":"ltr","width":"79.37","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","157.94","184.22"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":157.94,"y":184.22}
{"page":3,"change":"none","str":"Mrs. Mary Johnson","dir":"ltr","width":"102.02","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","146.54","159.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":146.54,"y":159.14}
{"page":4,"change":"none","str":"New York Times","dir":"ltr","width":"88.14","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","153.50","641.62"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":153.5,"y":641.62}
{"page":4,"change":"none","str":"Pronouns take the place of a noun in a sentence and provide efficiency to your wri","dir":"ltr","width":"435.31","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","580.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":580.06}
{"page":4,"change":"none","str":"Without pronouns, writing becomes bogged down in nouns. For example: ","dir":"ltr","width":"391.73","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","566.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":566.26}
{"page":4,"change":"none","str":" Mary sent Fred a text message to remind Fred to pick up dinner ","dir":"ltr","width":"348.08","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","179.42","538.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":179.4198,"y":538.6299}
{"page":4,"change":"none","str":"for Mary and Fred. (Difficult to read)","dir":"ltr","width":"190.10","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","524.83"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02380000000001,"y":524.8299000000001}
{"page":4,"change":"none","str":" Mary sent Fred a text message to remind him to pick up dinner for ","dir":"ltr","width":"356.58","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","160.82","511.03"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":160.8199,"y":511.02990000000005}
{"page":4,"change":"none","str":"Pronouns can act as the subject of a sentence (I, he, she, they, it) or the object ","dir":"ltr","width":"421.47","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","469.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":469.6299}
{"page":4,"change":"none","str":"of a ","dir":"ltr","width":"23.35","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","493.40","469.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":493.3958,"y":469.6299}
{"page":4,"change":"none","str":"verb (me, them, us). Pronouns will be covered more in Chapter 4.","dir":"ltr","width":"347.35","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","455.83"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":455.8299}
{"page":4,"change":"none","str":"Verbs show the action or a state of being. ","dir":"ltr","width":"224.05","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","399.55"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":399.55}
{"page":4,"change":"none","str":"Every sentence must have a verb to be ","dir":"ltr","width":"224.46","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","296.33","399.55"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":296.3298,"y":399.55}
{"page":4,"change":"none","str":". Without verbs, the subjects of sentences wouldn‟t be doing anything. Verbs ","dir":"ltr","width":"408.48","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","124.82","385.75"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":124.81989999999996,"y":385.75}
{"page":4,"change":"none","str":"are further broken down into three categories: action verbs, helping verbs, and linking ","dir":"ltr","width":"455.96","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","371.93"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02379999999997,"y":371.9301}
{"page":4,"change":"none","str":" describe the action of the subject. ","dir":"ltr","width":"185.46","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","144.62","330.65"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":144.61989999999997,"y":330.65}
{"page":4,"change":"none","str":" and ","dir":"ltr","width":"26.59","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","485.86","330.65"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":485.8599,"y":330.65}
{"page":4,"change":"none","str":"are all examples of action verbs. ","dir":"ltr","width":"182.16","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","316.73"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02369999999996,"y":316.7301}
{"page":4,"change":"none","str":" describe a state of being of the subject. The action is more descriptive ","dir":"ltr","width":"378.03","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","150.02","289.13"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":150.01979999999998,"y":289.13009999999997}
{"page":4,"change":"none","str":"are all linking verbs.","dir":"ltr","width":"105.88","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","365.71","275.45"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":365.7099999999999,"y":275.45}
{"page":4,"change":"none","str":" do not show action in a sentence. They do exactly what their name ","dir":"ltr","width":"360.90","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","151.34","247.73"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":151.33999999999995,"y":247.7301}
{"page":4,"change":"none","str":"implies. They help other verbs. Helping verbs work with a main verb to form a verb ","dir":"ltr","width":"439.93","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","233.93"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02399999999994,"y":233.93009999999998}
{"page":4,"change":"none","str":"phrase. Common helping verbs are the following: ","dir":"ltr","width":"263.87","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","220.25"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02399999999994,"y":220.24999999999997}
{"page":4,"change":"none","str":"am, are, were, has, was, will, have, ","dir":"ltr","width":"189.99","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","336.19","220.25"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":336.18999999999994,"y":220.24999999999997}
{"page":4,"change":"none","str":" passed everyone in the marathon. ","dir":"ltr","width":"188.19","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","157.34","178.82"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":157.33991999999995,"y":178.81989999999996}
{"page":4,"change":"none","str":" win the race. ","dir":"ltr","width":"74.89","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","154.58","165.02"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":154.58006,"y":165.02}
{"page":4,"change":"none","str":"Verbs will be covered in more detail in Chapters 5 and 6. For now, it is important to be ","dir":"ltr","width":"458.69","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","137.30"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0239,"y":137.29999999999998}
{"page":4,"change":"none","str":"able to identify if a sentence has a verb. A sentence is not complete without a ve","dir":"ltr","width":"425.92","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","123.50"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0239,"y":123.49999999999999}
{"page":5,"change":"none","str":"Adjectives are words that describe nouns and pronouns. Without adjectives, our ","dir":"ltr","width":"426.66","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","692.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":692.26}
{"page":5,"change":"none","str":"language would be flat and boring. Adjectives often add information that ex","dir":"ltr","width":"396.72","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","678.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":678.46}
{"page":5,"change":"none","str":"plains which ","dir":"ltr","width":"68.68","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","468.62","678.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":468.6198,"y":678.46}
{"page":5,"change":"none","str":"one, how many, what color, and what kind. ","dir":"ltr","width":"230.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","664.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":664.6600000000001}
{"page":5,"change":"none","str":"These are all adjectives that are working to describe the cat. Adjectives usually appea","dir":"ltr","width":"454.72","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","568.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02363999999996,"y":568.0600000000003}
{"page":5,"change":"none","str":"in front of the nouns and pronouns that they describe, but they can also ap","dir":"ltr","width":"394.63","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","554.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02364,"y":554.2600000000003}
{"page":5,"change":"none","str":"pear after a ","dir":"ltr","width":"64.70","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","466.58","554.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":466.57864,"y":554.2600000000003}
{"page":5,"change":"none","str":"The cat is ","dir":"ltr","width":"55.38","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","512.95"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.0197,"y":512.9499000000004}
{"page":5,"change":"none","str":"The cat is ","dir":"ltr","width":"55.38","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","499.15"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":499.1499000000004}
{"page":5,"change":"none","str":", and ","dir":"ltr","width":"30.06","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","100.10","471.55"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":100.10015999999999,"y":471.5499000000004}
{"page":5,"change":"none","str":" form a unique group of adjectives called ","dir":"ltr","width":"218.46","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","146.90","471.55"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":146.90016,"y":471.5499000000004}
{"page":5,"change":"none","str":"These will be ","dir":"ltr","width":"73.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","414.19","471.55"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":414.19016,"y":471.5499000000004}
{"page":5,"change":"none","str":"discussed further in Chapter 7. For now, just know that articles are part of the adjective ","dir":"ltr","width":"463.18","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","457.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416,"y":457.6300000000004}
{"page":5,"change":"none","str":"Adverbs are words that describe verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. Adverbs describe ","dir":"ltr","width":"461.66","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","382.87"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":382.87}
{"page":5,"change":"none","str":"how, when, where, or to what extent the action takes place. ","dir":"ltr","width":"318.26","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","369.05"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":369.0501}
{"page":5,"change":"none","str":"Mary ran ","dir":"ltr","width":"50.59","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","341.57"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":341.57}
{"page":5,"change":"none","str":" to win the race. (How did she run?) ","dir":"ltr","width":"192.84","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","195.41","341.57"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":195.41006,"y":341.57}
{"page":5,"change":"none","str":"Mary‟s legs will be sore ","dir":"ltr","width":"127.33","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","327.77"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.02011999999999,"y":327.77}
{"page":5,"change":"none","str":" (When will her legs be sore?) ","dir":"ltr","width":"162.03","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","288.89","327.77"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":288.89011999999997,"y":327.77}
{"page":5,"change":"none","str":"Mary‟s family waited for her ","dir":"ltr","width":"149.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","313.97"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.02017999999995,"y":313.96999999999997}
{"page":5,"change":"none","str":". (Where did they wait?) ","dir":"ltr","width":"129.96","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","284.81","313.97"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":284.81037999999995,"y":313.96999999999997}
{"page":5,"change":"none","str":"She was ","dir":"ltr","width":"49.37","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","300.17"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02043999999995,"y":300.16999999999996}
{"page":5,"change":"none","str":"relieved to have a few days of rest. (To what extent?) ","dir":"ltr","width":"285.42","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","183.50","300.17"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":183.50043999999997,"y":300.16999999999996}
{"page":5,"change":"none","str":"Adverbs often end in ","dir":"ltr","width":"113.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","272.57"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02423999999998,"y":272.57}
{"page":5,"change":"none","str":"ly, but some of the most common adverbs do not. ","dir":"ltr","width":"265.86","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","192.29","272.57"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":192.29023999999998,"y":272.57}
{"page":5,"change":"none","str":" and ","dir":"ltr","width":"26.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","227.57","258.77"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":227.57023999999996,"y":258.77}
{"page":5,"change":"none","str":" are all common adverbs that do not end in ","dir":"ltr","width":"230.64","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","285.65","258.77"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":285.65033999999997,"y":258.77}
{"page":5,"change":"none","str":"Adverbs (not adjectives) describe and modify verbs. The word ","dir":"ltr","width":"331.86","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","244.97"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02435999999994,"y":244.96999999999997}
{"page":5,"change":"none","str":" is even inside the ","dir":"ltr","width":"99.26","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","427.63","244.97"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":427.63035999999994,"y":244.96999999999997}
{"page":5,"change":"none","str":" in case you forget.","dir":"ltr","width":"101.27","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","138.14","231.17"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":138.14035999999993,"y":231.16999999999996}
{"page":5,"change":"none","str":"Prepositions join nouns and pronouns to other words in the sentence. Prepositions ","dir":"ltr","width":"440.64","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","161.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":161.06}
{"page":5,"change":"none","str":"show a relationship between words. Prepositions often show a relationship of space and ","dir":"ltr","width":"470.90","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","147.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":147.26}
{"page":5,"change":"none","str":"The name itself has the word ","dir":"ltr","width":"157.28","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","119.78"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":119.77989999999998}
{"page":5,"change":"none","str":" in it. A preposition is a short word that will reveal ","dir":"ltr","width":"262.62","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","270.89","119.78"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":270.8898,"y":119.77989999999998}
{"page":5,"change":"none","str":"a position in time or space. If you lost your keys, think of all of the places (positions) ","dir":"ltr","width":"445.99","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","105.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02379999999997,"y":105.85999999999999}
{"page":5,"change":"none","str":"your keys could be. They could be ","dir":"ltr","width":"185.41","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","92.18"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02379999999997,"y":92.18379999999999}
{"page":5,"change":"none","str":" the couch, ","dir":"ltr","width":"61.93","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","357.67","92.18"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":357.66979999999995,"y":92.18379999999999}
{"page":6,"change":"none","str":" your gym clothes, ","dir":"ltr","width":"100.56","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","93.50","709.08"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":93.50379000000001,"y":709.08}
{"page":6,"change":"none","str":" the office, or ","dir":"ltr","width":"72.68","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","204.17","709.08"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":204.16988999999998,"y":709.08}
{"page":6,"change":"none","str":" the refrigerator. A preposition can also ","dir":"ltr","width":"209.94","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","312.89","709.08"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":312.88978999999995,"y":709.08}
{"page":6,"change":"none","str":"reveal a more abstract relationship. ","dir":"ltr","width":"194.16","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","695.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02378999999993,"y":695.1402}
{"page":6,"change":"none","str":"Mary is ","dir":"ltr","width":"41.84","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","667.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01984999999993,"y":667.6601}
{"page":6,"change":"none","str":" the new law, but Fred is ","dir":"ltr","width":"133.35","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","188.78","667.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":188.78004999999993,"y":667.6601}
{"page":6,"change":"none","str":" it. ","dir":"ltr","width":"15.94","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","336.19","667.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":336.18994999999995,"y":667.6601}
{"page":6,"change":"none","str":"Prepositions are usually very short words. Some of the most common prepositions are ","dir":"ltr","width":"460.69","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","639.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02394999999996,"y":639.9398}
{"page":6,"change":"none","str":"at, by, for, from, in, of to,","dir":"ltr","width":"129.93","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","626.26"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":72.02394999999996,"y":626.2601}
{"page":6,"change":"none","str":" and ","dir":"ltr","width":"26.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","202.13","626.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":202.12994999999995,"y":626.2601}
{"page":6,"change":"none","str":"Conjunctions are the big joiners of the grammar world. They join words, phrases, and ","dir":"ltr","width":"454.68","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","562.30"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":562.3}
{"page":6,"change":"none","str":"clauses. The most common conjunctions are ","dir":"ltr","width":"240.62","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","548.62"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":548.6198999999999}
{"page":6,"change":"none","str":" and ","dir":"ltr","width":"26.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","359.59","548.62"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":359.5898,"y":548.6198999999999}
{"page":6,"change":"none","str":"Either Fred ","dir":"ltr","width":"62.69","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","493.39"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02038000000005,"y":493.39019999999994}
{"page":6,"change":"none","str":" Mary needs to run to the store. ","dir":"ltr","width":"170.07","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","181.46","493.39"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":181.46068000000005,"y":493.39019999999994}
{"page":6,"change":"none","str":"Interjections are the interrupters of the group. Interjections express strong feelings and ","dir":"ltr","width":"461.37","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","429.43"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":429.43}
{"page":6,"change":"none","str":"emotions. When these expressions stand alone as a sentence, an exclamation point","dir":"ltr","width":"446.69","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","415.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":415.63}
{"page":6,"change":"none","str":" is ","dir":"ltr","width":"15.34","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","518.65","415.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":518.6468,"y":415.63}
{"page":6,"change":"none","str":"used. When the emotion is not as strong, the interjection is set apart with a comma.","dir":"ltr","width":"442.37","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","401.83"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":401.83}
{"page":6,"change":"none","str":" Did you see the race? (Interjection standing alone as a sentence) ","dir":"ltr","width":"352.86","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","138.14","374.35"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":138.13976,"y":374.3499}
{"page":6,"change":"none","str":" I had planned to order the soup, but they are sold out. (Interjection set ","dir":"ltr","width":"377.28","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","151.46","360.53"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":151.46002,"y":360.53}
{"page":6,"change":"none","str":"apart with a comma) ","dir":"ltr","width":"112.09","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","346.73"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01981999999998,"y":346.72999999999996}
{"page":6,"change":"none","str":"Interjections show strong emotion and excitement. Avoid overusing interjections in ","dir":"ltr","width":"438.78","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","319.13"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02371999999998,"y":319.12999999999994}
{"page":6,"change":"none","str":"formal writing. Too many interjections and exclamation points give the impression that ","dir":"ltr","width":"457.87","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","305.33"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02371999999998,"y":305.3299999999999}
{"page":6,"change":"none","str":"the writer is shouting.","dir":"ltr","width":"113.41","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","291.53"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02371999999998,"y":291.5299999999999}
{"page":6,"change":"none","str":" show the action","dir":"ltr","width":"86.53","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","109.46","180.02"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":109.4601,"y":180.01989999999998}
{"page":6,"change":"none","str":": the describers","dir":"ltr","width":"82.16","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","183.38","166.22"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":183.38,"y":166.21989999999997}
{"page":6,"change":"none","str":" the joiners","dir":"ltr","width":"58.68","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","228.89","152.42"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":228.8898,"y":152.41989999999996}
{"page":6,"change":"none","str":" the interrupters","dir":"ltr","width":"83.96","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","147.50","138.62"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":147.5002,"y":138.61989999999994}
{"page":7,"change":"none","str":"To write effectively, it is important to understand how to write complete sentences.","dir":"ltr","width":"434.72","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","484.39"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":484.3902}
{"page":7,"change":"none","str":"What is a sentence?","dir":"ltr","width":"139.42","height":"14.52","transform":["14.52","0.00","0.00","14.52","72.02","454.51"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":454.51009999999997}
{"page":7,"change":"none","str":" All sentences must begin with a capital letter and end with a ","dir":"ltr","width":"324.07","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","215.57","454.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":215.56988,"y":454.51009999999997}
{"page":7,"change":"none","str":"punctuation mark. This is a grammar rule that does not have any exceptions. In addition ","dir":"ltr","width":"468.68","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","440.11"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02388000000002,"y":440.1101}
{"page":7,"change":"none","str":"to a capital letter and a punctuation mark, a complete sentence must contain a sub","dir":"ltr","width":"437.92","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","426.31"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02388000000002,"y":426.3101}
{"page":7,"change":"none","str":"a predicate, and it must make sense. The ","dir":"ltr","width":"223.42","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","412.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02388000000002,"y":412.51009999999997}
{"page":7,"change":"none","str":" is a noun or pronoun that is ","dir":"ltr","width":"152.03","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","379.03","412.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":379.02978,"y":412.51009999999997}
{"page":7,"change":"none","str":"performing the action in the sentence. A quick way to find the simple subject is t","dir":"ltr","width":"421.99","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","398.71"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02378000000004,"y":398.71009999999995}
{"page":7,"change":"none","str":"whom or what the sentence is about. The ","dir":"ltr","width":"222.73","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","384.91"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02378000000004,"y":384.91009999999994}
{"page":7,"change":"none","str":" is the verb or verb phrase ","dir":"ltr","width":"142.58","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","389.71","384.91"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":389.71008000000006,"y":384.91009999999994}
{"page":7,"change":"none","str":"that explains what the subject is doing. The predicate gives the sentence action or ","dir":"ltr","width":"438.18","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","371.09"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02408000000008,"y":371.08979999999997}
{"page":7,"change":"none","str":"shows a state of being.","dir":"ltr","width":"122.75","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","357.29"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02408000000008,"y":357.28979999999996}
{"page":7,"change":"none","str":"These are very basic sentences, but they are still complete sentences. They fulfill all th","dir":"ltr","width":"459.31","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","226.73"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":226.73}
{"page":7,"change":"none","str":"requirements for being a complete sentence. Most people do not spend their t","dir":"ltr","width":"412.03","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","212.93"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02380000000005,"y":212.92999999999998}
{"page":7,"change":"none","str":"writing only two-word sentences. Our language would be very choppy and inefficient ","dir":"ltr","width":"449.50","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","199.22"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02380000000005,"y":199.21979999999996}
{"page":7,"change":"none","str":"we spoke this way all of the time. What happens when we add other words to th","dir":"ltr","width":"422.58","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","185.42"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":185.41979999999995}
{"page":7,"change":"none","str":"ran the race.","dir":"ltr","width":"67.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","292.01","100.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":292.01,"y":100.94}
{"page":8,"change":"none","str":"Cars on the freeway","dir":"ltr","width":"107.33","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","169.10","702.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":169.1,"y":702.94}
{"page":8,"change":"none","str":"drive slowly during rush hour.","dir":"ltr","width":"156.06","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","292.01","702.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":292.01,"y":702.94}
{"page":8,"change":"none","str":" is the simple subject and all of its modifiers. The ","dir":"ltr","width":"261.37","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","194.09","655.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":194.0898,"y":655.5400000000001}
{"page":8,"change":"none","str":" is the simple predicate plus all of its modifiers. The simple subjects and ","dir":"ltr","width":"386.89","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","125.42","641.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":125.41989999999993,"y":641.7400000000001}
{"page":8,"change":"none","str":"simple predicates are underlined. The simple subject can be more than one noun. In the ","dir":"ltr","width":"470.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","627.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02379999999994,"y":627.9400000000002}
{"page":8,"change":"none","str":"first sentence, both ","dir":"ltr","width":"104.77","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","614.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02379999999994,"y":614.2603000000001}
{"page":8,"change":"none","str":" and ","dir":"ltr","width":"26.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","208.85","614.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":208.84969999999993,"y":614.2603000000001}
{"page":8,"change":"none","str":" are the simple subjects of the sentence. ","dir":"ltr","width":"217.83","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","262.25","614.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":262.2496999999999,"y":614.2603000000001}
{"page":8,"change":"none","str":"In order to be a complete sentence, the sentence must make sense. The sen","dir":"ltr","width":"411.69","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","600.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02369999999985,"y":600.3404000000002}
{"page":8,"change":"none","str":"must form a complete thought on its own. If the sentence does not make sense w","dir":"ltr","width":"430.68","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","586.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02369999999985,"y":586.5400000000002}
{"page":8,"change":"none","str":"adding some additional words, then you have written a fragment.","dir":"ltr","width":"343.33","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","572.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02369999999985,"y":572.7400000000002}
{"page":8,"change":"none","str":"A sentence must have all of the following to be complete:","dir":"ltr","width":"327.34","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","528.43"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02369999999988,"y":528.4302000000002}
{"page":8,"change":"none","str":"1. A sentence must start with a capital letter and end with a punctuation mark.","dir":"ltr","width":"432.06","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","514.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":514.63}
{"page":8,"change":"none","str":"2. A sentence must have a verb.","dir":"ltr","width":"192.07","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","500.83"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":500.83}
{"page":8,"change":"none","str":"3. A sentence must have a subject.","dir":"ltr","width":"206.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","487.03"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02380000000002,"y":487.03}
{"page":8,"change":"none","str":"4. A sentence must make sense.","dir":"ltr","width":"194.12","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","473.23"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":473.22999999999996}
{"page":8,"change":"none","str":"All sentences must begin with a capital letter, but they can end with one of three ","dir":"ltr","width":"426.69","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","404.23"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":404.23}
{"page":8,"change":"none","str":"different types of punctuation. The punctuation mark is based upon what type of","dir":"ltr","width":"426.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","390.43"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":390.43}
{"page":8,"change":"none","str":"sentence it is. There are four types of sentences: statements, questions, comman","dir":"ltr","width":"432.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","376.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":376.63}
{"page":8,"change":"none","str":"A statement tells something and ends with a period. Sometimes these ","dir":"ltr","width":"373.90","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","157.58","316.25"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":157.58006,"y":316.24989999999997}
{"page":8,"change":"none","str":"are called declarative sentences because the sentence declares something.","dir":"ltr","width":"402.62","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","301.85"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":301.85}
{"page":8,"change":"none","str":"It is raining outside. ","dir":"ltr","width":"106.81","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","274.25"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":274.25}
{"page":8,"change":"none","str":"I left my umbrella in my car. ","dir":"ltr","width":"150.13","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","260.45"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01982,"y":260.45}
{"page":8,"change":"none","str":"direct question asks something and needs to end with a question mark.","dir":"ltr","width":"377.31","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","161.66","214.01"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":161.66006000000002,"y":214.0101}
{"page":8,"change":"none","str":"Is it still raining? ","dir":"ltr","width":"88.69","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","185.78"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":185.78019999999998}
{"page":8,"change":"none","str":"Is it going to rain tomorrow? ","dir":"ltr","width":"151.45","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","171.98"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01982,"y":171.98019999999997}
{"page":8,"change":"none","str":"A command gives an order and ends with a period. If the command is ","dir":"ltr","width":"371.93","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","157.70","125.42"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":157.69992,"y":125.41999999999997}
{"page":8,"change":"none","str":"very strong, then it can end with an exclamation point. Most of the time, the subject in ","dir":"ltr","width":"455.31","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","111.02"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":111.02}
{"page":8,"change":"none","str":"command is not stated. Instead, it is understood that the subject is ","dir":"ltr","width":"354.69","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","97.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":97.3442}
{"page":9,"change":"none","str":"Check the weather for tomorrow.","dir":"ltr","width":"173.97","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","709.08"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02022000000005,"y":709.08}
{"page":9,"change":"none","str":" (You should check the weather for tomorrow.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"249.63","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","282.05","709.08"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":282.0502200000001,"y":709.08}
{"page":9,"change":"none","str":"Take your umbrella","dir":"ltr","width":"102.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","695.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":695.26}
{"page":9,"change":"none","str":"You should take your umbrella.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"172.68","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","221.57","695.26"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":221.56996,"y":695.26}
{"page":9,"change":"none","str":" Exclamations show strong feelings or excitement. An exclamation ","dir":"ltr","width":"357.92","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","165.62","648.58"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":165.6199,"y":648.58}
{"page":9,"change":"none","str":"can be a complete sentence, but it does not have to be a complete sentence. An","dir":"ltr","width":"427.03","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","634.18"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":634.18}
{"page":9,"change":"none","str":"exclamation does not have to have a subject and a predicate. In exclamations, ofte","dir":"ltr","width":"439.38","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","620.38"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":620.38}
{"page":9,"change":"none","str":"n the ","dir":"ltr","width":"30.06","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","511.44","620.38"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":511.4358,"y":620.38}
{"page":9,"change":"none","str":"subject and the predicate are implied.","dir":"ltr","width":"199.38","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","606.58"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":606.58}
{"page":9,"change":"none","str":"Wow! It is raining very hard! ","dir":"ltr","width":"151.45","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","578.98"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":578.98}
{"page":9,"change":"none","str":"Oh no! He forgot his umbrella! ","dir":"ltr","width":"163.45","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","565.18"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01982,"y":565.1800000000001}
{"page":9,"change":"none","str":"Do not overuse exclamations in formal writing. Exclamations show a lot of emotion and ","dir":"ltr","width":"463.68","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","537.55"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02372,"y":537.5499000000001}
{"page":9,"change":"none","str":"give the impression that the writer is shouting.","dir":"ltr","width":"243.29","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","523.75"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02372,"y":523.7499000000001}
{"page":9,"change":"none","str":"Phrases and Clauses","dir":"ltr","width":"181.04","height":"18.00","transform":["18.00","0.00","0.00","18.00","72.02","457.99"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02372,"y":457.98970000000014}
{"page":9,"change":"none","str":"A phrase is a group of words without a subject and a verb. Phrases are part of a ","dir":"ltr","width":"427.32","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","412.27"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":412.27}
{"page":9,"change":"none","str":"sentence, but they cannot stand alone as complete sentences. ","dir":"ltr","width":"335.66","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","398.47"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":398.46999999999997}
{"page":9,"change":"none","str":"on the roof","dir":"ltr","width":"57.29","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","180.74","326.09"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":180.74,"y":326.09}
{"page":9,"change":"none","str":"from another planet","dir":"ltr","width":"104.04","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","180.74","301.01"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":180.74,"y":301.01}
{"page":9,"change":"none","str":"could have gone","dir":"ltr","width":"88.07","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","180.74","275.93"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":180.74,"y":275.93}
{"page":9,"change":"none","str":"to study the chapter","dir":"ltr","width":"105.41","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","180.74","250.85"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":180.74,"y":250.85}
{"page":9,"change":"none","str":"the coffee that she drank","dir":"ltr","width":"131.99","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","180.74","225.89"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":180.74,"y":225.89}
{"page":9,"change":"none","str":"It isn‟t necessary to memorize each type of phrase, but it ","dir":"ltr","width":"303.43","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","178.46"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":178.4603}
{"page":9,"change":"none","str":"is important to recognize that ","dir":"ltr","width":"157.27","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","375.79","178.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":375.7898,"y":178.4603}
{"page":9,"change":"none","str":"each of these phrases could not be a complete sentence on their own.","dir":"ltr","width":"372.56","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","164.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":164.66029999999998}
{"page":10,"change":"none","str":"A clause is a group of words with a subject and a verb. They come in two forms: ","dir":"ltr","width":"431.04","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","708.96"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416000000005,"y":708.96}
{"page":10,"change":"none","str":"independent clauses and dependent clauses. ","dir":"ltr","width":"243.93","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","695.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416000000005,"y":695.1401000000001}
{"page":10,"change":"none","str":" can stand on their ","dir":"ltr","width":"102.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","434.95","695.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":434.95016000000004,"y":695.1401000000001}
{"page":10,"change":"none","str":"own as sentences. A simple sentence is one independent clause. An indepen","dir":"ltr","width":"410.66","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","681.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416000000005,"y":681.3401000000001}
{"page":10,"change":"none","str":"clause has a subject, a verb, and it makes sense.","dir":"ltr","width":"261.97","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","667.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416000000005,"y":667.5397000000002}
{"page":10,"change":"none","str":" also has a subject and a verb, but it does not make sense on its ","dir":"ltr","width":"344.59","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","184.82","639.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":184.82016000000004,"y":639.9397000000001}
{"page":10,"change":"none","str":"own. A dependent clause is a type of sentence fragment. Dependent clause","dir":"ltr","width":"402.04","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","626.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416000000004,"y":626.1401000000001}
{"page":10,"change":"none","str":"s often ","dir":"ltr","width":"39.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","474.10","626.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":474.10316000000006,"y":626.1401000000001}
{"page":10,"change":"none","str":"begin with the words ","dir":"ltr","width":"112.67","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","612.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416000000005,"y":612.46}
{"page":10,"change":"none","str":" and ","dir":"ltr","width":"26.59","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","364.99","612.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":364.99016000000006,"y":612.46}
{"page":10,"change":"none","str":". These are called ","dir":"ltr","width":"98.67","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","404.35","612.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":404.35026000000005,"y":612.46}
{"page":10,"change":"none","str":"subordinating conjunctions, and they are covered further in Chapter 9.","dir":"ltr","width":"371.44","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","598.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02426000000003,"y":598.5397}
{"page":10,"change":"none","str":"The following words and phrases are often used to introduce dependent clauses: ","dir":"ltr","width":"470.09","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","529.51"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02426000000003,"y":529.5103999999999}
{"page":10,"change":"none","str":"If you begin a sentence with one of these words, it can turn an independent claus","dir":"ltr","width":"430.16","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","299.93"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":299.9301}
{"page":10,"change":"none","str":"e into ","dir":"ltr","width":"32.70","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","502.06","299.93"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":502.0628,"y":299.9301}
{"page":10,"change":"none","str":"a dependent clause. Once the clause is dependent, it is no longer a complete se","dir":"ltr","width":"425.92","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","286.13"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":286.13009999999997}
{"page":10,"change":"none","str":"A dependent clause is a fragment, and great writers avoid fragments. Dependent ","dir":"ltr","width":"432.23","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","272.33"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":272.33009999999996}
{"page":10,"change":"none","str":"clauses leave the reader waiting for the rest of the sentence. It is the equivalent of ","dir":"ltr","width":"437.38","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","258.53"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":258.53009999999995}
{"page":10,"change":"none","str":"setting up a great joke and leaving off the punch line.","dir":"ltr","width":"280.77","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","244.73"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":244.73009999999994}
{"page":10,"change":"none","str":"The cat ran up the stairs.","dir":"ltr","width":"132.73","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","128.30","172.22"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":128.3,"y":172.22}
{"page":10,"change":"none","str":"Because the cat ran up the stairs.","dir":"ltr","width":"178.73","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","299.33","172.22"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":299.33,"y":172.22}
{"page":10,"change":"none","str":"The sun came out at noon.","dir":"ltr","width":"142.78","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","128.30","147.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":128.3,"y":147.14}
{"page":10,"change":"none","str":"Although the sun came out at noon.","dir":"ltr","width":"189.41","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","299.33","147.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":299.33,"y":147.14}
{"page":10,"change":"none","str":"The students arrived on time.","dir":"ltr","width":"155.35","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","128.30","122.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":128.3,"y":122.06}
{"page":10,"change":"none","str":"When the students arrived on time.","dir":"ltr","width":"186.05","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","299.33","122.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":299.33,"y":122.06}
{"page":11,"change":"none","str":"How can you fix dependent clauses?","dir":"ltr","width":"210.02","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","708.96"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02416000000005,"y":708.96}
{"page":11,"change":"none","str":" There are two ways to fix a dependent clause. ","dir":"ltr","width":"251.33","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","282.17","708.96"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":282.17016,"y":708.96}
{"page":11,"change":"none","str":"You can remove the subordinating conjunction (","dir":"ltr","width":"254.05","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","695.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416000000002,"y":695.26}
{"page":11,"change":"none","str":"). Often just ","dir":"ltr","width":"65.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","472.54","695.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":472.54016,"y":695.26}
{"page":11,"change":"none","str":"removing that word will reveal an independent clause.","dir":"ltr","width":"285.44","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","681.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416,"y":681.3401}
{"page":11,"change":"none","str":"Another option is to attach the dependent clause to an independent clause. A","dir":"ltr","width":"409.37","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","653.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416,"y":653.7397}
{"page":11,"change":"none","str":"dependent clause needs an independent clause in order for the sentence to make ","dir":"ltr","width":"437.45","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","639.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416,"y":639.9397}
{"page":11,"change":"none","str":"sense. In the following examples, the dependent clause precedes the indepe","dir":"ltr","width":"410.03","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","626.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416,"y":626.1401}
{"page":11,"change":"none","str":"clause. Notice that the dependent clause does not make sense as its own sentence.","dir":"ltr","width":"445.99","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","612.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416,"y":612.3401}
{"page":11,"change":"none","str":"When the dependent clause joins an independent clause, the entire sentence","dir":"ltr","width":"410.08","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","598.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416,"y":598.5397}
{"page":11,"change":"none","str":" makes ","dir":"ltr","width":"41.94","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","482.14","598.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":482.14016,"y":598.5397}
{"page":11,"change":"none","str":"When the students arrived,","dir":"ltr","width":"143.27","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","137.66","488.23"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":137.66,"y":488.23}
{"page":11,"change":"none","str":"the instructor handed out notes.","dir":"ltr","width":"168.78","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","296.69","488.23"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":296.69,"y":488.23}
{"page":11,"change":"none","str":"After she ordered,","dir":"ltr","width":"96.14","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","137.66","463.27"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":137.66,"y":463.27}
{"page":11,"change":"none","str":"she waited patiently for her coffee.","dir":"ltr","width":"182.70","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","296.69","463.27"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":296.69,"y":463.27}
{"page":11,"change":"none","str":"If Fred cooks dinner,","dir":"ltr","width":"109.49","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","137.66","438.19"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":137.66,"y":438.19}
{"page":11,"change":"none","str":"Mary washes the dishes.","dir":"ltr","width":"131.99","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","296.69","438.19"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":296.69,"y":438.19}
{"page":11,"change":"none","str":"Did you notice the punctuation in the examples? If ","dir":"ltr","width":"268.52","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","266.21","390.79"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":266.21011,"y":390.78979999999996}
{"page":11,"change":"none","str":"a dependent clause appears before the independent clause in the sentence","dir":"ltr","width":"400.72","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","376.99"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02410999999998,"y":376.98979999999995}
{"page":11,"change":"none","str":", add a ","dir":"ltr","width":"40.02","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","472.78","376.99"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":472.78211,"y":376.98979999999995}
{"page":11,"change":"none","str":"comma to separate the two clauses. If the dependent clause appears after th","dir":"ltr","width":"407.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","363.17"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02411000000001,"y":363.1698999999999}
{"page":11,"change":"none","str":"dependent clause, no comma is needed.","dir":"ltr","width":"216.00","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","349.37"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02411000000001,"y":349.3698999999999}
{"page":11,"change":"none","str":"The instructor handed out notes","dir":"ltr","width":"169.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","139.70","278.69"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":139.7,"y":278.69}
{"page":11,"change":"none","str":"when the students arrived.","dir":"ltr","width":"140.59","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","336.67","278.69"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":336.67,"y":278.69}
{"page":11,"change":"none","str":"She waited patiently for her coffee","dir":"ltr","width":"181.34","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","139.70","253.61"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":139.7,"y":253.61}
{"page":11,"change":"none","str":"after she ordered.","dir":"ltr","width":"94.70","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","336.67","253.61"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":336.67,"y":253.61}
{"page":11,"change":"none","str":"Mary washes the dishes","dir":"ltr","width":"128.65","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","139.70","228.65"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":139.7,"y":228.65}
{"page":11,"change":"none","str":"if Fred cooks dinner.","dir":"ltr","width":"108.78","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","336.67","228.65"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":336.67,"y":228.65}
{"page":11,"change":"none","str":"Have you ever written a paragraph and realized that every sentence looked the same","dir":"ltr","width":"452.08","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","119.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":119.06000000000002}
{"page":11,"change":"none","str":"That is a quick way to lull your reader to sleep. One way to fix the problem is to add","dir":"ltr","width":"441.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","105.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":105.26000000000002}
{"page":11,"change":"none","str":"some variety to your sentence structure. Sentences come in four different varieties: ","dir":"ltr","width":"443.88","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","91.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02380000000005,"y":91.46390000000002}
{"page":12,"change":"none","str":" is exactly what its name implies; it is simple. A simple sentence ","dir":"ltr","width":"341.08","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","176.78","667.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":176.78046,"y":667.5397000000002}
{"page":12,"change":"none","str":"contains one independent clause. Simple sentences can be long or short, but they still","dir":"ltr","width":"456.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","653.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02446,"y":653.7397000000002}
{"page":12,"change":"none","str":"contain only one complete thought. ","dir":"ltr","width":"189.48","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","639.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02446000000003,"y":639.9397000000002}
{"page":12,"change":"none","str":"Mary ran to the park. (one independent clause) ","dir":"ltr","width":"252.87","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","612.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02052000000003,"y":612.3401000000002}
{"page":12,"change":"none","str":"Sarah went on vacation. (one independent clause) ","dir":"ltr","width":"270.99","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","598.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02048000000003,"y":598.5397000000003}
{"page":12,"change":"none","str":"Dave‟s favorite places to visit are Paris, Las Vegas, New York, and Boston. (one ","dir":"ltr","width":"429.39","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","584.74"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.02044000000004,"y":584.7397000000003}
{"page":12,"change":"none","str":"contain only one independent clause. Children‟s books are written ","dir":"ltr","width":"352.58","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","170.18","543.34"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":170.18064000000004,"y":543.3401000000003}
{"page":12,"change":"none","str":"with simple sentences because they are easy to understand. Why do we need other ","dir":"ltr","width":"447.95","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","529.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02434000000004,"y":529.5100000000003}
{"page":12,"change":"none","str":"sentence varieties? Imagine that you received the following email:","dir":"ltr","width":"349.35","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","515.71"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02434000000004,"y":515.7100000000004}
{"page":12,"change":"none","str":"I went for a run. Now I am tired. I ran five miles. ","dir":"ltr","width":"254.91","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","488.11"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02040000000005,"y":488.11000000000035}
{"page":12,"change":"none","str":"While this email is grammatically correct and easy to understand, it sounds choppy and ","dir":"ltr","width":"465.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","460.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02430000000005,"y":460.51000000000033}
{"page":12,"change":"none","str":"stilted. Other sentence varieties help break up the choppiness of simple sentences. ","dir":"ltr","width":"443.92","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","446.71"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02430000000005,"y":446.7100000000003}
{"page":12,"change":"none","str":"Occasionally the choppiness of a simple sentence is exactly what the paragraph needs. ","dir":"ltr","width":"467.62","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","432.91"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02430000000005,"y":432.9100000000003}
{"page":12,"change":"none","str":"The choppiness can add emphasis to that sentence when added between","dir":"ltr","width":"391.13","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","419.11"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02430000000005,"y":419.1100000000003}
{"page":12,"change":"none","str":" other ","dir":"ltr","width":"34.07","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","463.20","419.11"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":463.19530000000003,"y":419.1100000000003}
{"page":12,"change":"none","str":"I went for a run, and now I am tired. I ran five miles. (Simple sentence foll","dir":"ltr","width":"391.09","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","377.71"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02036000000003,"y":377.71000000000026}
{"page":12,"change":"none","str":" contains two independent clauses with related topics. ","dir":"ltr","width":"289.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","200.09","322.49"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":200.09026000000006,"y":322.48970000000025}
{"page":12,"change":"none","str":"Compound sentences can be punctuated in three different ways. Two independen","dir":"ltr","width":"434.68","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","308.69"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02426000000006,"y":308.68970000000024}
{"page":12,"change":"none","str":"clauses can be joined with a comma and a coordinating conjunction (","dir":"ltr","width":"366.09","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","295.01"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02426000000008,"y":295.0100000000002}
{"page":12,"change":"none","str":"). Two independent clauses can also be joined together with a semicolon. ","dir":"ltr","width":"392.38","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","124.82","281.21"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":124.82036000000008,"y":281.2100000000002}
{"page":12,"change":"none","str":"Another option for joining two independent clauses is to use a conjunctive a","dir":"ltr","width":"400.20","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","267.29"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02426000000008,"y":267.2897000000002}
{"page":12,"change":"none","str":"conjunctive adverb is an adverb that is acting like a conjunction by gluing together two ","dir":"ltr","width":"458.49","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","253.49"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02476000000013,"y":253.4897000000002}
{"page":12,"change":"none","str":"independent clauses. Conjunctive adverbs are preceded by a semicolon and followed ","dir":"ltr","width":"456.70","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","239.69"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02476000000013,"y":239.6897000000002}
{"page":12,"change":"none","str":"with a comma. We will look at them closer in Chapter 9.","dir":"ltr","width":"294.69","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","225.89"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02476000000013,"y":225.88970000000018}
{"page":12,"change":"none","str":"Sarah flew to Hawaii on Tuesday, but her suitcase arrived on Friday. ","dir":"ltr","width":"366.43","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","198.38"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02082000000013,"y":198.3799000000002}
{"page":12,"change":"none","str":"independent clauses joined with a coordinating conjunction and a comma.)","dir":"ltr","width":"396.07","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","184.58"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":108.02082000000013,"y":184.57990000000018}
{"page":12,"change":"none","str":"Sarah flew to Hawaii on Tuesday; her suitcase arrived on Friday. ","dir":"ltr","width":"346.52","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","170.78"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02088000000015,"y":170.77990000000017}
{"page":12,"change":"none","str":"independent clauses joined with a semicolon.)","dir":"ltr","width":"244.74","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","156.98"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":108.02088000000015,"y":156.97990000000016}
{"page":12,"change":"none","str":"Sarah flew to Hawaii on Tuesday; however, her suitcase arrived on Friday. ","dir":"ltr","width":"398.46","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","143.18"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02094000000017,"y":143.17990000000015}
{"page":12,"change":"none","str":"independent clauses joined with a semicolon and a conjunctive adverb.)","dir":"ltr","width":"381.50","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","129.38"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":108.02094000000017,"y":129.37990000000013}
{"page":13,"change":"none","str":"A trick to remember all of the coordinating conjunctions is the acronym ","dir":"ltr","width":"376.51","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","708.96"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416000000005,"y":708.96}
{"page":13,"change":"none","str":"Each letter represents one of the coordinating conjunctions: ","dir":"ltr","width":"319.39","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","695.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02436000000006,"y":695.1401000000001}
{"page":13,"change":"none","str":"contains one independent clause and one dependent clause. The ","dir":"ltr","width":"350.74","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","191.42","639.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":191.42016000000015,"y":639.9397000000001}
{"page":13,"change":"none","str":"punctuation changes depending on the order of the clauses. If the depend","dir":"ltr","width":"391.88","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","626.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416000000015,"y":626.1401000000001}
{"page":13,"change":"none","str":"appears first, a comma is needed after the dependent clause. If the indepen","dir":"ltr","width":"401.95","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","612.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416000000017,"y":612.3401000000001}
{"page":13,"change":"none","str":"appears first in the sentence, then no comma is needed.","dir":"ltr","width":"298.94","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","598.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416000000017,"y":598.5397000000002}
{"page":13,"change":"none","str":"Because Sarah‟s suitcase was lost, she had to go shopping. ","dir":"ltr","width":"322.60","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","571.06"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.02024000000016,"y":571.0600000000002}
{"page":13,"change":"none","str":"appears first in the sentence, so a comma is needed between the clauses.)","dir":"ltr","width":"398.06","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","557.26"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":108.02024000000017,"y":557.2600000000002}
{"page":13,"change":"none","str":"Sarah had to go shopping because her suitcase was lost. ","dir":"ltr","width":"307.41","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","543.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02030000000019,"y":543.4600000000003}
{"page":13,"change":"none","str":"appears first in the sentence, so no comma is needed between the clauses.)","dir":"ltr","width":"404.83","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","529.63"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":108.02030000000019,"y":529.6299000000002}
{"page":13,"change":"none","str":" contains at least two independent clauses and one ","dir":"ltr","width":"275.37","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","252.89","501.91"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":252.89030000000017,"y":501.9100000000002}
{"page":13,"change":"none","str":"dependent clause. These sentences can be very long, so do not overuse t","dir":"ltr","width":"396.15","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","488.11"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02430000000015,"y":488.1100000000002}
{"page":13,"change":"none","str":"gage was lost, she enjoyed her vacation in Hawaii; she is ","dir":"ltr","width":"306.66","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","218.81","460.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":218.81136000000015,"y":460.51000000000016}
{"page":13,"change":"none","str":"already planning her next trip. ","dir":"ltr","width":"161.53","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","446.71"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02136000000014,"y":446.71000000000015}
{"page":13,"change":"none","str":"Sentence Faults: Fragments, Comma Splices, and ","dir":"ltr","width":"431.96","height":"18.00","transform":["18.00","0.00","0.00","18.00","72.03","392.95"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02526000000015,"y":392.94980000000015}
{"page":13,"change":"none","str":"Fragments are incomplete sentences. As the name implies, a fragment is just a p","dir":"ltr","width":"430.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","323.69"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":323.69}
{"page":13,"change":"none","str":"iece of ","dir":"ltr","width":"38.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","502.07","323.69"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":502.0748,"y":323.69}
{"page":13,"change":"none","str":"the sentence. In formal writing, sentence fragments are frowned upon. A ","dir":"ltr","width":"386.62","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","309.89"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":309.89}
{"page":13,"change":"none","str":"fragment is ","dir":"ltr","width":"62.70","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","458.55","309.89"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":458.5518,"y":309.89}
{"page":13,"change":"none","str":"often disguised as a complete sentence, but it is lacking one of the requirements for ","dir":"ltr","width":"446.79","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","296.09"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":296.09}
{"page":13,"change":"none","str":"being a complete sentence.","dir":"ltr","width":"146.75","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","282.29"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":282.28999999999996}
{"page":13,"change":"none","str":"After the restaurant closed","dir":"ltr","width":"140.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","174.62","248.81"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":174.62,"y":248.81}
{"page":13,"change":"none","str":". They went to a movie.","dir":"ltr","width":"123.82","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","315.53","248.81"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":315.53,"y":248.81}
{"page":13,"change":"none","str":"After the restaurant closed, they went to a movie.","dir":"ltr","width":"260.49","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","174.62","223.61"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":174.62,"y":223.61}
{"page":13,"change":"none","str":"The fragment is fixed by joining it to the independent clause.","dir":"ltr","width":"319.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","174.62","198.50"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":174.62,"y":198.5}
{"page":13,"change":"none","str":"Mary plays many sports. ","dir":"ltr","width":"133.32","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","174.62","162.38"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":174.62,"y":162.38}
{"page":13,"change":"none","str":"Such as soccer, softball, and lacrosse.","dir":"ltr","width":"204.65","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","308.09","162.38"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":308.09000000000003,"y":162.38}
{"page":13,"change":"none","str":"Mary plays many sports such as soccer, softball, and lacrosse.","dir":"ltr","width":"332.86","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","174.62","137.18"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":174.62,"y":137.18}
{"page":13,"change":"none","str":"The fragment is fixed by joining it to the independent clause.","dir":"ltr","width":"319.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","174.62","112.10"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":174.62,"y":112.1}
{"page":14,"change":"none","str":"Due on Saturday, May 17.","dir":"ltr","width":"139.43","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","174.62","703.06"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":174.62,"y":703.06}
{"page":14,"change":"none","str":"The assignment is due on Saturday, May 17.","dir":"ltr","width":"237.97","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","174.62","677.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":174.62,"y":677.86}
{"page":14,"change":"none","str":"The fragment is fixed by adding a subject and a helping verb.","dir":"ltr","width":"323.94","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","174.62","652.90"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":174.62,"y":652.9}
{"page":14,"change":"none","str":"Fragments can sneak into your writing because they are often punctuated a","dir":"ltr","width":"400.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","605.50"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":605.5000000000001}
{"page":14,"change":"none","str":"s if they ","dir":"ltr","width":"44.46","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","472.79","605.50"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":472.79179999999997,"y":605.5000000000001}
{"page":14,"change":"none","str":"were complete sentences. Some sentence fragments can be fixed by changing th","dir":"ltr","width":"432.15","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","591.70"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":591.7000000000002}
{"page":14,"change":"none","str":"punctuation and joining the fragment to a complete sentence. Other sentence fra","dir":"ltr","width":"427.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","577.90"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":577.9000000000002}
{"page":14,"change":"none","str":"require adding a verb or a subject to make them complete. How can you tell if your ","dir":"ltr","width":"444.32","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","564.10"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":564.1000000000003}
{"page":14,"change":"none","str":"sentence is a fragment? Run the sentence through the Complete Sentence Che","dir":"ltr","width":"423.77","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","550.30"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":550.3000000000003}
{"page":14,"change":"none","str":"located at the beginning of the chapter. If the sentence does not meet all","dir":"ltr","width":"384.25","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","536.47"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":536.4699000000003}
{"page":14,"change":"none","str":" of the ","dir":"ltr","width":"36.67","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","456.23","536.47"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":456.2278,"y":536.4699000000003}
{"page":14,"change":"none","str":"requirements, then it is a sentence fragment. ","dir":"ltr","width":"244.32","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","522.67"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":522.6699000000003}
{"page":14,"change":"none","str":"Fragments are often used in newspaper headlines and advertisements to grab the ","dir":"ltr","width":"469.87","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","508.87"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":508.8699000000003}
{"page":14,"change":"none","str":"reader’s attention. It is acceptable to use a sentence fragment in these cases.","dir":"ltr","width":"440.67","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","495.07"],"fontName":"BCKRYX+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":495.0699000000003}
{"page":14,"change":"none","str":"Commas are such a handy piece of punctuation that sometimes writers try to give t","dir":"ltr","width":"439.54","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","420.31"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":420.31}
{"page":14,"change":"none","str":"powers that they do not have. When two independent clauses are stuck toge","dir":"ltr","width":"405.99","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","406.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":406.51}
{"page":14,"change":"none","str":"ther with a ","dir":"ltr","width":"58.61","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","478.05","406.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":478.0498,"y":406.51}
{"page":14,"change":"none","str":"comma, it is called a ","dir":"ltr","width":"112.09","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","392.71"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":392.71}
{"page":14,"change":"none","str":". Commas do not have the power to fuse two ","dir":"ltr","width":"241.21","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","263.57","392.71"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":263.5697,"y":392.71}
{"page":14,"change":"none","str":"independent clauses together. Luckily for writers, there are several ways to fix a comma ","dir":"ltr","width":"469.08","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","378.91"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02370000000002,"y":378.90999999999997}
{"page":14,"change":"none","str":"Mary ordered coffee, Fred ordered a scone. ","dir":"ltr","width":"235.45","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","337.49"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01976000000002,"y":337.48969999999997}
{"page":14,"change":"none","str":"Mary ordered coffee, and Fred ordered a scone. ","dir":"ltr","width":"258.74","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","323.69"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01995999999997,"y":323.68969999999996}
{"page":14,"change":"none","str":"(Fixed by adding a ","dir":"ltr","width":"108.53","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","367.03","323.69"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":367.02995999999996,"y":323.68969999999996}
{"page":14,"change":"none","str":"Mary ordered coffee. Fred ordered a scone. ","dir":"ltr","width":"235.45","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","296.09"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02001999999999,"y":296.08969999999994}
{"page":14,"change":"none","str":"(Fixed by changing the sentence ","dir":"ltr","width":"189.21","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","343.75","296.09"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":343.75001999999995,"y":296.08969999999994}
{"page":14,"change":"none","str":"to two independent sentences)","dir":"ltr","width":"176.12","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","282.29"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":108.02001999999996,"y":282.2896999999999}
{"page":14,"change":"none","str":"Mary ordered coffee; Fred ordered a scone. ","dir":"ltr","width":"235.45","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","268.49"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02007999999998,"y":268.4896999999999}
{"page":14,"change":"none","str":"(Fixed by changing the comma to ","dir":"ltr","width":"193.85","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","343.75","268.49"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":343.75007999999997,"y":268.4896999999999}
{"page":14,"change":"none","str":"Mary ordered coffee; however, Fred ordered a scone. ","dir":"ltr","width":"287.39","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","240.89"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02003999999997,"y":240.8896999999999}
{"page":14,"change":"none","str":"(Fixed by adding a ","dir":"ltr","width":"108.53","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","395.71","240.89"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":395.71003999999994,"y":240.8896999999999}
{"page":14,"change":"none","str":"conjunctive adverb, a semicolon, and a comma)","dir":"ltr","width":"272.72","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","227.09"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":108.02003999999994,"y":227.08969999999988}
{"page":14,"change":"none","str":"A run-on sentence does not mean that it is a long sentence. In fact, a run-on sente","dir":"ltr","width":"437.14","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","152.30"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":152.29999999999998}
{"page":14,"change":"none","str":"can be very short. A run-on sentence occurs when two independent clauses appear in","dir":"ltr","width":"456.18","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","138.50"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":138.49999999999997}
{"page":14,"change":"none","str":" a ","dir":"ltr","width":"13.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","528.09","138.50"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":528.0928,"y":138.49999999999997}
{"page":14,"change":"none","str":"sentence without proper internal punctuation. A run-on sentence just keeps going, when ","dir":"ltr","width":"469.54","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","124.70"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":124.69999999999997}
{"page":14,"change":"none","str":" should be slowed down with punctuation. Run-on sentences can be fixed w","dir":"ltr","width":"402.26","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","78.02","110.90"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":78.0238,"y":110.89999999999998}
{"page":14,"change":"none","str":"ith the ","dir":"ltr","width":"36.17","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","480.16","110.90"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":480.1638,"y":110.89999999999998}
{"page":14,"change":"none","str":"same group of tricks that fixed the comma splice.","dir":"ltr","width":"260.06","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","97.10"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":97.10389999999998}
{"page":15,"change":"none","str":"Fred enjoys cooking he does not enjoy cleaning. ","dir":"ltr","width":"259.91","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","708.96"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02022000000005,"y":708.96}
{"page":15,"change":"none","str":"Fred enjoys cooking. He does not enjoy cleaning. ","dir":"ltr","width":"265.29","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","695.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02028000000001,"y":695.1401000000001}
{"page":15,"change":"none","str":"ixed by changing the ","dir":"ltr","width":"122.65","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","384.91","695.14"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":384.91038000000003,"y":695.1401000000001}
{"page":15,"change":"none","str":"sentence to two independent sentences)","dir":"ltr","width":"231.39","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","681.34"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":108.02038000000005,"y":681.3401000000001}
{"page":15,"change":"none","str":"Fred enjoys cooking, but he does not enjoy cleaning. ","dir":"ltr","width":"283.39","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","667.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02044000000001,"y":667.5397000000002}
{"page":15,"change":"none","str":"(Fixed by adding a ","dir":"ltr","width":"108.53","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","391.75","667.54"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":391.75044,"y":667.5397000000002}
{"page":15,"change":"none","str":"comma and a coordinating conjunction)","dir":"ltr","width":"227.98","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","653.74"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":108.02044000000001,"y":653.7397000000002}
{"page":15,"change":"none","str":"Fred enjoys cooking; he does not enjoy cleaning. ","dir":"ltr","width":"263.25","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","639.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02049999999997,"y":639.9397000000002}
{"page":15,"change":"none","str":"(Fixed by adding a semicolon ","dir":"ltr","width":"171.37","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","371.59","639.94"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":371.59049999999996,"y":639.9397000000002}
{"page":15,"change":"none","str":"between the independent clauses)","dir":"ltr","width":"195.44","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","626.14"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":108.02049999999997,"y":626.1401000000002}
{"page":15,"change":"none","str":"Fred enjoys cooking; however, he does not enjoy cleaning. ","dir":"ltr","width":"315.28","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","612.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02055999999996,"y":612.3401000000002}
{"page":15,"change":"none","str":"(Fixed by adding a ","dir":"ltr","width":"108.53","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","423.67","612.34"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":423.6705599999999,"y":612.3401000000002}
{"page":15,"change":"none","str":"semicolon, a conjunctive adverb, and a comma)","dir":"ltr","width":"272.60","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","598.54"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":108.02055999999993,"y":598.5397000000003}
{"page":15,"change":"none","str":" represents a person, place, thing, or idea. Nouns can name a specific place, ","dir":"ltr","width":"410.68","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","112.70","450.31"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":112.7,"y":450.31}
{"page":15,"change":"none","str":"such as ","dir":"ltr","width":"44.70","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","436.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":436.6299}
{"page":15,"change":"none","str":", or a general place, such as a ","dir":"ltr","width":"163.91","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","154.22","436.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":154.2199,"y":436.6299}
{"page":15,"change":"none","str":". Nouns can also name feelings and ","dir":"ltr","width":"193.95","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","336.31","436.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":336.3102,"y":436.6299}
{"page":15,"change":"none","str":" are all nouns. Nouns work ","dir":"ltr","width":"145.22","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","384.43","422.83"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":384.43017000000003,"y":422.8299}
{"page":15,"change":"none","str":"as the subjects of sentences, as the objects of verbs, and as the objects of preposition","dir":"ltr","width":"457.35","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","408.91"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02417000000003,"y":408.91}
{"page":15,"change":"none","str":"Nouns are divided into two categories: common nouns and proper nouns.","dir":"ltr","width":"389.38","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","395.11"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416999999997,"y":395.11}
{"page":15,"change":"none","str":" name general people, places, and things. ","dir":"ltr","width":"225.97","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","163.34","367.61"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":163.34016999999997,"y":367.61}
{"page":15,"change":"none","str":"City, coffee, lake, kayak, ","dir":"ltr","width":"133.39","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","389.59","367.61"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":389.59016999999994,"y":367.61}
{"page":15,"change":"none","str":", and ","dir":"ltr","width":"30.06","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","131.42","353.81"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":131.42026999999996,"y":353.81}
{"page":15,"change":"none","str":" are all common nouns. Common nouns are not capitalized.","dir":"ltr","width":"316.53","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","187.58","353.81"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":187.58036999999996,"y":353.81}
{"page":15,"change":"none","str":" name specific people, places, and things. ","dir":"ltr","width":"225.97","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","150.14","326.21"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":150.14036999999996,"y":326.21000000000004}
{"page":15,"change":"none","str":"Mary, Fred, Seattle, New York ","dir":"ltr","width":"164.08","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","376.39","326.21"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":376.39036999999996,"y":326.21000000000004}
{"page":15,"change":"none","str":", and ","dir":"ltr","width":"30.06","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","92.66","312.41"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":92.66456999999997,"y":312.41}
{"page":15,"change":"none","str":"are all proper nouns. ","dir":"ltr","width":"113.41","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","148.10","312.41"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":148.10046999999997,"y":312.41}
{"page":15,"change":"none","str":"The White House","dir":"ltr","width":"92.84","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","160.10","254.69"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":160.1,"y":254.69}
{"page":15,"change":"none","str":"If you get confused, just ask yourself if the noun is referring to something specific. ","dir":"ltr","width":"435.33","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","123.38"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":123.38000000000001}
{"page":15,"change":"none","str":"Nouns that name specific people, places, and things are capitalized. ","dir":"ltr","width":"364.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","109.58"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":109.58000000000001}
{"page":16,"change":"none","str":" names one person, place, or thing. ","dir":"ltr","width":"191.35","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","162.74","653.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":162.7398,"y":653.8602999999999}
{"page":16,"change":"none","str":" is an example of a ","dir":"ltr","width":"103.93","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","395.71","653.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":395.7098,"y":653.8602999999999}
{"page":16,"change":"none","str":"singular noun. What happens if more than one student shows up in the sentence","dir":"ltr","width":"427.39","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","639.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":639.9399999999999}
{"page":16,"change":"none","str":"? The ","dir":"ltr","width":"37.72","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","499.45","639.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":499.4468,"y":639.9399999999999}
{"page":16,"change":"none","str":"becomes the plural noun ","dir":"ltr","width":"134.75","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","190.10","626.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":190.1,"y":626.2602999999999}
{"page":16,"change":"none","str":". A ","dir":"ltr","width":"17.96","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","370.39","626.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":370.3898,"y":626.2602999999999}
{"page":16,"change":"none","str":" names more ","dir":"ltr","width":"73.46","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","453.58","626.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":453.58,"y":626.2602999999999}
{"page":16,"change":"none","str":"than one person, place, or thing. Do not use apostrophes to make nouns plural. This is ","dir":"ltr","width":"462.13","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","612.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.024,"y":612.3403999999999}
{"page":16,"change":"none","str":"one of the most common grammatical errors.","dir":"ltr","width":"238.62","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","598.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.024,"y":598.54}
{"page":16,"change":"none","str":"Most regular nouns become plural by adding an","dir":"ltr","width":"253.33","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","570.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02006000000003,"y":570.9399999999999}
{"page":16,"change":"none","str":"Nouns that end in","dir":"ltr","width":"94.08","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","501.91"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02012000000016,"y":501.9102999999999}
{"page":16,"change":"none","str":"Nouns that end in ","dir":"ltr","width":"97.45","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","405.31"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02038000000013,"y":405.3102999999998}
{"page":16,"change":"none","str":" are formed two ways. ","dir":"ltr","width":"120.60","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","212.21","405.31"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":212.21059000000014,"y":405.3102999999998}
{"page":16,"change":"none","str":"When letter before ","dir":"ltr","width":"102.25","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","127.82","391.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":127.82056000000014,"y":391.5102999999998}
{"page":16,"change":"none","str":" is a vowel, add ","dir":"ltr","width":"86.06","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","236.81","391.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":236.81087000000016,"y":391.5102999999998}
{"page":16,"change":"none","str":"Nouns ending with a consonant and y are formed by changing the ","dir":"ltr","width":"352.50","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","128.18","308.69"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":128.18103000000013,"y":308.68999999999977}
{"page":16,"change":"none","str":"to an ","dir":"ltr","width":"29.95","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","491.14","308.69"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":491.14113000000015,"y":308.68999999999977}
{"page":16,"change":"none","str":"Nouns that end in ","dir":"ltr","width":"97.45","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","198.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.0214900000002,"y":198.25989999999973}
{"page":16,"change":"none","str":" are formed two ways. ","dir":"ltr","width":"120.60","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","212.93","198.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":212.93161000000018,"y":198.25989999999973}
{"page":16,"change":"none","str":"1. When the letter before the ","dir":"ltr","width":"155.48","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","184.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02161000000018,"y":184.45989999999972}
{"page":16,"change":"none","str":" is a vowel, add s. Musical terms ending in ","dir":"ltr","width":"227.96","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","270.89","184.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":270.8916100000002,"y":184.45989999999972}
{"page":16,"change":"none","str":" are ","dir":"ltr","width":"24.07","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","506.38","184.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":506.3815300000002,"y":184.45989999999972}
{"page":16,"change":"none","str":"formed by adding an ","dir":"ltr","width":"112.80","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","170.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02153000000021,"y":170.6598999999997}
{"page":17,"change":"none","str":"When the letter before the ","dir":"ltr","width":"142.28","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","127.82","708.96"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":127.82023000000005,"y":708.96}
{"page":17,"change":"none","str":" is a consonant, no standard rule applies. It is ","dir":"ltr","width":"247.59","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","277.61","708.96"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":277.61054000000007,"y":708.96}
{"page":17,"change":"none","str":"helpful to memorize the plural forms of words you use regularly. If you are ","dir":"ltr","width":"394.29","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","695.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02054000000007,"y":695.1401000000001}
{"page":17,"change":"none","str":"unsure, you should always check a current dictionary. ","dir":"ltr","width":"287.95","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","681.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02054000000007,"y":681.3401000000001}
{"page":17,"change":"none","str":"Nouns that end in ","dir":"ltr","width":"97.45","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","612.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02050000000004,"y":612.3401000000002}
{"page":17,"change":"none","str":"do not follow any standard rules. It is helpful to ","dir":"ltr","width":"249.96","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","240.89","612.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":240.89030000000002,"y":612.3401000000002}
{"page":17,"change":"none","str":"memorize the plural forms of the words you use regularly and check a dictionary ","dir":"ltr","width":"428.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","598.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02030000000002,"y":598.5397000000003}
{"page":17,"change":"none","str":"if you are unsure. ","dir":"ltr","width":"96.13","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","584.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02030000000002,"y":584.7397000000003}
{"page":17,"change":"none","str":"Irregular nouns become plural by changing their spelling. Check a dictionary if ","dir":"ltr","width":"416.06","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","501.91"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02026000000001,"y":501.9100000000003}
{"page":17,"change":"none","str":"you are unsure of the plural form. It is helpful to memorize the plural form of t","dir":"ltr","width":"406.62","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","488.11"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02026000000001,"y":488.1100000000003}
{"page":17,"change":"none","str":"most common irregular nouns. ","dir":"ltr","width":"165.49","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","474.31"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02026000000001,"y":474.3100000000003}
{"page":17,"change":"none","str":"Some nouns do not change when they become plural. These nouns have the ","dir":"ltr","width":"415.73","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","391.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02022,"y":391.5100000000002}
{"page":17,"change":"none","str":"same spelling when they are singular and plural. ","dir":"ltr","width":"260.31","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","377.71"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02022,"y":377.7100000000002}
{"page":17,"change":"none","str":"When dictionaries show two different forms of the plural noun, the preferred ","dir":"ltr","width":"438.04","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","77.06","275.57"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":77.0641,"y":275.57}
{"page":17,"change":"none","str":"form is shown first.","dir":"ltr","width":"110.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","77.06","261.77"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":77.0641,"y":261.77}
{"page":17,"change":"none","str":"Family names and other proper nouns","dir":"ltr","width":"263.48","height":"14.52","transform":["14.52","0.00","0.00","14.52","72.02","196.10"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":196.1001}
{"page":17,"change":"none","str":" appears before the last name, the last name is always plural. For example, ","dir":"ltr","width":"402.49","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","123.50","168.02"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":123.49999999999999,"y":168.01989999999998}
{"page":17,"change":"none","str":"will vacation in California this year","dir":"ltr","width":"180.15","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","146.78","154.22"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":146.78003,"y":154.21989999999997}
{"page":17,"change":"none","str":". Holiday cards often show how many ","dir":"ltr","width":"201.92","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","326.95","154.22"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":326.95002999999997,"y":154.21989999999997}
{"page":17,"change":"none","str":"people do not understand this rule. The exception to this rule is if the family name is ","dir":"ltr","width":"446.73","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","140.30"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":140.3}
{"page":17,"change":"none","str":"followed by the word ","dir":"ltr","width":"112.65","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","126.62"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":126.61990000000002}
{"page":17,"change":"none","str":". The word ","dir":"ltr","width":"60.04","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","216.05","126.62"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":216.04989999999998,"y":126.61990000000002}
{"page":17,"change":"none","str":" makes the proper noun plural. For ","dir":"ltr","width":"187.73","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","307.37","126.62"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":307.3698,"y":126.61990000000002}
{"page":17,"change":"none","str":" is singular, but ","dir":"ltr","width":"84.06","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","169.46","112.82"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":169.4601,"y":112.81990000000002}
{"page":17,"change":"none","str":"the Johnson famil","dir":"ltr","width":"93.97","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","253.61","112.82"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":253.61010000000002,"y":112.81990000000002}
{"page":17,"change":"none","str":"y is plural.","dir":"ltr","width":"53.95","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","347.71","112.82"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":347.7101,"y":112.81990000000002}
{"page":18,"change":"none","str":"Proper nouns become plural by adding an ","dir":"ltr","width":"243.23","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","708.96"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02416000000005,"y":708.96}
{"page":18,"change":"none","str":" to the ending","dir":"ltr","width":"78.72","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","354.19","708.96"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":354.18986000000007,"y":708.96}
{"page":18,"change":"none","str":". If the proper noun ","dir":"ltr","width":"104.73","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","432.79","708.96"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":432.7898600000001,"y":708.96}
{"page":18,"change":"none","str":"ends in s, x, z, ch, or sh, then the plural is formed by adding ","dir":"ltr","width":"319.95","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","695.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02386000000007,"y":695.26}
{"page":18,"change":"none","str":"All other proper nouns become plural by adding s","dir":"ltr","width":"283.85","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","612.34"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02409000000011,"y":612.3401}
{"page":18,"change":"none","str":"Compound nouns are two or more words that are combined to form a single noun. ","dir":"ltr","width":"438.68","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","435.19"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":435.19}
{"page":18,"change":"none","str":" and ","dir":"ltr","width":"26.59","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","146.18","421.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":146.18006,"y":421.5103}
{"page":18,"change":"none","str":"vice president ","dir":"ltr","width":"77.32","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","172.82","421.51"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":172.81986,"y":421.5103}
{"page":18,"change":"none","str":"are both compound nouns. Sometimes compound ","dir":"ltr","width":"268.55","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","250.25","421.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":250.24996,"y":421.5103}
{"page":18,"change":"none","str":"nouns contain hyphens, but most do not.","dir":"ltr","width":"216.12","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","407.59"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02395999999999,"y":407.59}
{"page":18,"change":"none","str":" is a compound noun. I have more than one sister-","dir":"ltr","width":"270.81","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","138.14","380.11"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":138.14001999999996,"y":380.11029999999994}
{"page":18,"change":"none","str":"-law, so how do we ","dir":"ltr","width":"105.25","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","418.27","380.11"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":418.26978999999994,"y":380.11029999999994}
{"page":18,"change":"none","str":"make that plural? The key is to figure out which part of the compound noun is th","dir":"ltr","width":"422.56","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","366.17"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02378999999996,"y":366.17009999999993}
{"page":18,"change":"none","str":"e main ","dir":"ltr","width":"39.32","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","494.65","366.17"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":494.64678999999995,"y":366.17009999999993}
{"page":18,"change":"none","str":"noun. The ","dir":"ltr","width":"57.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","352.49"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02378999999996,"y":352.48999999999995}
{"page":18,"change":"none","str":" part of the compound describes what kind of sister. The main noun is ","dir":"ltr","width":"372.66","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","147.50","352.49"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":147.49998999999997,"y":352.48999999999995}
{"page":18,"change":"none","str":". The correct plural form is ","dir":"ltr","width":"142.67","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","100.70","338.69"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":100.69998999999996,"y":338.68999999999994}
{"page":18,"change":"none","str":"vice president ","dir":"ltr","width":"77.41","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","144.02","283.37"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":144.02017000000006,"y":283.37009999999987}
{"page":18,"change":"none","str":"If the compound noun does not have a main noun, then the final par","dir":"ltr","width":"360.02","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","255.77"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02413000000008,"y":255.77009999999984}
{"page":18,"change":"none","str":"t of the compound ","dir":"ltr","width":"99.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","431.89","255.77"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":431.88713000000007,"y":255.77009999999984}
{"page":18,"change":"none","str":"noun is made plural.","dir":"ltr","width":"108.14","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","241.97"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02413000000007,"y":241.97009999999983}
{"page":18,"change":"none","str":"Some compound nouns have two acceptable plural forms. In the dictionary, the","dir":"ltr","width":"419.92","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","173.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02423000000005,"y":173.06039999999982}
{"page":18,"change":"none","str":"preferred spelling is shown first, but both are considered acceptable.","dir":"ltr","width":"362.55","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","159.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02423000000005,"y":159.2603999999998}
{"page":18,"change":"none","str":"attorney general ","dir":"ltr","width":"93.49","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","144.02","131.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":144.02033000000006,"y":131.6603999999998}
{"page":18,"change":"none","str":"attorneys general ","dir":"ltr","width":"111.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","288.05","131.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":288.05048876000006,"y":131.6603999999998}
{"page":19,"change":"none","str":"Abbreviations, degrees, numerals, and alphabet letters","dir":"ltr","width":"377.85","height":"14.52","transform":["14.52","0.00","0.00","14.52","72.02","706.66"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02416000000005,"y":706.6600000000001}
{"page":19,"change":"none","str":"Numerals, academic degrees, abbreviations, and capital alphabet letters (except A, I, ","dir":"ltr","width":"458.44","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","680.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":680.26}
{"page":19,"change":"none","str":"M, and U) become plural by adding a lowercase ","dir":"ltr","width":"257.29","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","666.58"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":666.5799}
{"page":19,"change":"none","str":"all Bs and Cs ","dir":"ltr","width":"100.68","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","252.05","625.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":252.05021720000002,"y":625.06}
{"page":19,"change":"none","str":"All lowercase letters and the capital letters A, I, M, and U are made plural by adding an","dir":"ltr","width":"459.27","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","597.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02432999999996,"y":597.4599999999999}
{"page":19,"change":"none","str":"apostrophe and ","dir":"ltr","width":"86.77","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","583.78"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02433000000002,"y":583.7798999999999}
{"page":19,"change":"none","str":". The apostrophe is added for clarity. This is the only time that a plural ","dir":"ltr","width":"373.62","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","164.90","583.78"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":164.90053,"y":583.7798999999999}
{"page":19,"change":"none","str":"is formed by adding an apostrophe and s. If you did not add the apostrophe, the","dir":"ltr","width":"422.93","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","569.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":569.86}
{"page":19,"change":"none","str":" words ","dir":"ltr","width":"38.59","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","494.99","569.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":494.9878,"y":569.86}
{"page":19,"change":"none","str":"might be confused as the words","dir":"ltr","width":"169.29","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","556.18"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":556.1799}
{"page":19,"change":"none","str":", and ","dir":"ltr","width":"30.06","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","276.89","556.18"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":276.8898,"y":556.1799}
{"page":19,"change":"none","str":"dot your i‟s","dir":"ltr","width":"58.02","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","144.02","528.43"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":144.01988999999998,"y":528.4299}
{"page":19,"change":"none","str":"all A‟s and Bs","dir":"ltr","width":"72.78","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","252.05","528.43"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":252.04998999999998,"y":528.4299}
{"page":19,"change":"none","str":"Abbreviations for units of measurement often have identical singular and plural forms. ","dir":"ltr","width":"456.67","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","459.43"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02408999999997,"y":459.4299}
{"page":19,"change":"none","str":"ounce or ounces","dir":"ltr","width":"88.70","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","252.05","431.83"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":252.05029068,"y":431.82989999999995}
{"page":19,"change":"none","str":"foot or feet","dir":"ltr","width":"57.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","252.05","418.03"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":252.05029752000002,"y":418.02989999999994}
{"page":19,"change":"none","str":"kilometer or kilometers","dir":"ltr","width":"120.80","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","252.05","404.23"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":252.0502902,"y":404.22989999999993}
{"page":19,"change":"none","str":"Some measurements have more than one plural form. In addition, the me","dir":"ltr","width":"389.22","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","362.81"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02408999999994,"y":362.8099999999999}
{"page":19,"change":"none","str":"abbreviations are acceptable with or without periods. The important thing is to remain ","dir":"ltr","width":"454.75","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","349.01"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02408999999994,"y":349.0099999999999}
{"page":19,"change":"none","str":"consistent with your measurement throughout your document. Do not switch between ","dir":"ltr","width":"456.24","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","335.21"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02408999999994,"y":335.20999999999987}
{"page":19,"change":"none","str":"two plural forms of the abbreviation. That causes confusion. Pick one and use it ","dir":"ltr","width":"424.79","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","321.41"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02408999999994,"y":321.40999999999985}
{"page":19,"change":"none","str":"consistently in your document. ","dir":"ltr","width":"164.73","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","307.61"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02408999999994,"y":307.60999999999984}
{"page":19,"change":"none","str":"lb. or lbs. (without periods is also acceptable) ","dir":"ltr","width":"255.39","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","280.01"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02012999999994,"y":280.0099999999998}
{"page":19,"change":"none","str":"qt. or qts. (without periods is also acceptable ","dir":"ltr","width":"255.39","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","266.21"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02012999999994,"y":266.2099999999998}
{"page":19,"change":"none","str":"yd. or yds. (without periods is also acceptable) ","dir":"ltr","width":"255.39","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","252.41"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02012999999994,"y":252.4099999999998}
{"page":19,"change":"none","str":"Possessive nouns show ownership, origin, or time. To make a noun possessive, you","dir":"ltr","width":"447.27","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","190.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":190.34}
{"page":19,"change":"none","str":"add an apostrophe and ","dir":"ltr","width":"126.68","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","176.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":176.6603}
{"page":19,"change":"none","str":"Writers can also show possession by using a prepositional phrase instead of a ","dir":"ltr","width":"418.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","93.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02461,"y":93.7443}
{"page":20,"change":"none","str":"The motorcycle belonging to Fred ","dir":"ltr","width":"182.17","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","695.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02022000000005,"y":695.1402}
{"page":20,"change":"none","str":"The weather of Hawaii ","dir":"ltr","width":"122.77","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","681.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02018000000005,"y":681.3402000000001}
{"page":20,"change":"none","str":"The time of five years ","dir":"ltr","width":"118.09","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","667.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02014000000005,"y":667.5398000000001}
{"page":20,"change":"none","str":"Both options are grammatically correct. It is important to know how to form a posse","dir":"ltr","width":"439.44","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","639.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02404000000006,"y":639.9398000000002}
{"page":20,"change":"none","str":"noun both ways. In most cases, it is more efficient to use the possessive noun.","dir":"ltr","width":"416.65","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","626.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02404000000007,"y":626.1402000000002}
{"page":20,"change":"none","str":"Some sentences require knowledge of both tricks for forming the possessive. ","dir":"ltr","width":"415.61","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","612.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02404000000007,"y":612.3402000000002}
{"page":20,"change":"none","str":" can create awkward and confusing sentences. They are ","dir":"ltr","width":"306.95","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","206.81","598.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":206.8098,"y":598.54}
{"page":20,"change":"none","str":"grammatically correct, but they sound awkward. To avoid confusing sentences, rewrite","dir":"ltr","width":"457.72","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","584.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":584.74}
{"page":20,"change":"none","str":"one of the possessives as a prepositional phrase.","dir":"ltr","width":"262.66","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","570.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02380000000005,"y":570.94}
{"page":20,"change":"none","str":"(awkward and wordy) ","dir":"ltr","width":"117.37","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","360.07","543.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":360.06966000000006,"y":543.3404}
{"page":20,"change":"none","str":"mendation of my sister‟s boss","dir":"ltr","width":"158.03","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","165.38","529.51"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":165.38012000000006,"y":529.5103}
{"page":20,"change":"none","str":"If it sounds awkward and confusing, rewrite the sentence.","dir":"ltr","width":"304.67","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","501.91"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02412000000007,"y":501.91030000000006}
{"page":20,"change":"none","str":"Using the Apostrophe","dir":"ltr","width":"187.94","height":"18.00","transform":["18.00","0.00","0.00","18.00","72.02","468.79"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02412000000004,"y":468.78990000000005}
{"page":20,"change":"none","str":"Apostrophes have two purposes: to show possession and to show missing letters in a ","dir":"ltr","width":"456.65","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","453.67"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":453.67}
{"page":20,"change":"none","str":"contraction. Apostrophes never make nouns plural. How do you know where to use an","dir":"ltr","width":"457.66","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","439.87"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":439.87}
{"page":20,"change":"none","str":"Look for possessive words","dir":"ltr","width":"154.69","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","88.82","398.47"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":88.82382,"y":398.46999999999997}
{"page":20,"change":"none","str":"Usually the nouns appear together in a sentence, and the first noun shows own","dir":"ltr","width":"419.83","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","384.67"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02381999999997,"y":384.66999999999996}
{"page":20,"change":"none","str":"Reverse the nouns","dir":"ltr","width":"107.18","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","92.19","301.85"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":92.18507999999997,"y":301.84969999999987}
{"page":20,"change":"none","str":" you are not sure if the nouns are possessive, try reversing the nouns. Use the second","dir":"ltr","width":"457.25","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","78.75","288.05"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":78.74538999999996,"y":288.04969999999986}
{"page":20,"change":"none","str":"noun to make a prepositional phrase. ","dir":"ltr","width":"200.88","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.03","274.25"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02539000000002,"y":274.24969999999985}
{"page":20,"change":"none","str":"The shoes belonging to Mary ","dir":"ltr","width":"158.17","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","246.65"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02145000000002,"y":246.64969999999983}
{"page":20,"change":"none","str":"The notes of the instructor ","dir":"ltr","width":"142.81","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","232.85"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02141000000002,"y":232.8496999999998}
{"page":20,"change":"none","str":"The beaches of Hawaii ","dir":"ltr","width":"125.41","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","219.05"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02137000000002,"y":219.0496999999998}
{"page":20,"change":"none","str":"Determine if the noun is singular or plural","dir":"ltr","width":"237.85","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","92.19","191.42"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":92.18545000000002,"y":191.4195999999998}
{"page":20,"change":"none","str":"People often get confused about where to put the apostrophe. It depends ","dir":"ltr","width":"391.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.03","177.62"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02545000000003,"y":177.6195999999998}
{"page":20,"change":"none","str":"on two things: ","dir":"ltr","width":"77.29","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","463.33","177.62"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":463.32845000000003,"y":177.6195999999998}
{"page":20,"change":"none","str":"whether the noun is singular or plural and if the noun ends in s.","dir":"ltr","width":"334.02","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.03","163.82"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02545000000003,"y":163.81959999999978}
{"page":20,"change":"none","str":"Noun does not","dir":"ltr","width":"84.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","93.14","106.10"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":93.1441,"y":106.1}
{"page":20,"change":"none","str":"Add an apostrophe and s","dir":"ltr","width":"144.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","201.65","106.10"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":201.65,"y":106.1}
{"page":20,"change":"none","str":"Add an apostrophe and s","dir":"ltr","width":"144.04","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","374.83","106.10"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":374.83,"y":106.1}
{"page":21,"change":"none","str":"end in ","dir":"ltr","width":"38.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","93.14","690.94"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":93.1441,"y":690.94}
{"page":21,"change":"none","str":"Ends in ","dir":"ltr","width":"46.74","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","93.14","606.58"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":93.1441,"y":606.58}
{"page":21,"change":"none","str":"Add an apostrophe and s","dir":"ltr","width":"144.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","201.65","606.58"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":201.65,"y":606.58}
{"page":21,"change":"none","str":"Add an apostrophe only","dir":"ltr","width":"137.41","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","374.83","606.58"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":374.83,"y":606.58}
{"page":21,"change":"none","str":"When making plural, possessive nouns, it is helpful to make the noun plural first. ","dir":"ltr","width":"429.57","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","97.82","499.87"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":97.82379999999999,"y":499.86999999999995}
{"page":21,"change":"none","str":"Once the noun is plural, then you can determine how to make it possessive.","dir":"ltr","width":"401.86","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","486.07"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":486.06999999999994}
{"page":21,"change":"none","str":"Do not confuse possessive nouns with contractions. ","dir":"ltr","width":"307.58","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","458.47"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":458.4699999999999}
{"page":21,"change":"none","str":"A contraction is a shortened ","dir":"ltr","width":"152.05","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","379.51","458.47"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":379.5098,"y":458.4699999999999}
{"page":21,"change":"none","str":"form of one or two words. An apostrophe is used in place of the missing letters. ","dir":"ltr","width":"422.64","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","444.79"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":444.78989999999993}
{"page":21,"change":"none","str":" The most confusing one of all is ","dir":"ltr","width":"175.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","276.17","430.99"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":276.16972,"y":430.9898999999999}
{"page":21,"change":"none","str":" is a ","dir":"ltr","width":"25.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","488.14","430.99"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":488.13974,"y":430.9898999999999}
{"page":21,"change":"none","str":"contraction of the words ","dir":"ltr","width":"130.68","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","417.19"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02374000000003,"y":417.1898999999999}
{"page":21,"change":"none","str":" or ","dir":"ltr","width":"17.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","220.85","417.19"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":220.84974000000003,"y":417.1898999999999}
{"page":21,"change":"none","str":" is not possessive, it is a contraction. ","dir":"ltr","width":"198.17","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","288.77","417.19"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":288.76966,"y":417.1898999999999}
{"page":21,"change":"none","str":" is a ","dir":"ltr","width":"25.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","499.78","417.19"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":499.77966000000004,"y":417.1898999999999}
{"page":21,"change":"none","str":" is a contraction.","dir":"ltr","width":"87.41","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","200.81","403.39"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":200.80988000000005,"y":403.3898999999999}
{"page":21,"change":"none","str":"Challenges with Possessive Nouns","dir":"ltr","width":"301.16","height":"18.00","transform":["18.00","0.00","0.00","18.00","72.02","349.37"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0236800000001,"y":349.36989999999986}
{"page":21,"change":"none","str":" describe the noun, but they do not show ownership. Do not use ","dir":"ltr","width":"342.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","197.69","315.29"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":197.6898,"y":315.28990000000005}
{"page":21,"change":"none","str":"an apostrophe. The key is to look for ownership. If the noun is only describing, an","dir":"ltr","width":"430.72","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","300.89"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":300.89}
{"page":21,"change":"none","str":"d not ","dir":"ltr","width":"29.94","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","502.78","300.89"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":502.7828,"y":300.89}
{"page":21,"change":"none","str":"showing ownership, then no apostrophe is needed. For example, ","dir":"ltr","width":"347.46","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","287.21"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":287.21029999999996}
{"page":21,"change":"none","str":" is a descriptive noun. ","dir":"ltr","width":"119.33","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","134.78","273.41"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":134.7801,"y":273.41029999999995}
{"page":21,"change":"none","str":" does not own the department, but ","dir":"ltr","width":"185.28","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","353.59","273.41"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":353.5898,"y":273.41029999999995}
{"page":21,"change":"none","str":"it is describing the type of department.","dir":"ltr","width":"202.73","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","259.49"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02380000000005,"y":259.48999999999995}
{"page":21,"change":"none","str":"United States Army ","dir":"ltr","width":"126.73","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","231.89"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986000000008,"y":231.88999999999996}
{"page":21,"change":"none","str":"(not United States‟ Army)","dir":"ltr","width":"134.00","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","252.05","231.89"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":252.04986000000008,"y":231.88999999999996}
{"page":21,"change":"none","str":"Sales Department ","dir":"ltr","width":"126.13","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","218.09"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01992000000007,"y":218.08999999999995}
{"page":21,"change":"none","str":" become possessive by adding an apostrophe or an apostrophe ","dir":"ltr","width":"341.42","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","196.01","176.18"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":196.00992000000002,"y":176.18019999999996}
{"page":21,"change":"none","str":"to the end of the compound word.","dir":"ltr","width":"178.62","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","81.38","161.90"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":81.38396,"y":161.9}
{"page":21,"change":"none","str":"law‟s (singular and possessive)","dir":"ltr","width":"165.90","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","162.74","134.18"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":162.73995000000002,"y":134.18009999999998}
{"page":21,"change":"none","str":"law‟s (plural and possessive)","dir":"ltr","width":"153.41","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","162.02","120.38"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":162.02004000000002,"y":120.38009999999998}
{"page":21,"change":"none","str":"ups‟ (plural and possessive)","dir":"ltr","width":"148.62","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","137.42","106.58"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":137.4201,"y":106.58009999999999}
{"page":22,"change":"none","str":"become possessive by following the same rules as other nouns. ","dir":"ltr","width":"342.80","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","171.98","706.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":171.98044000000004,"y":706.6600000000001}
{"page":22,"change":"none","str":"Singular names form their possessive by adding an apostrophe and ","dir":"ltr","width":"361.98","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","692.38"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":692.38}
{"page":22,"change":"none","str":"already end in ","dir":"ltr","width":"78.73","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","678.58"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":678.58}
{"page":22,"change":"none","str":". Add an apostrophe to make the plural name possessive. ","dir":"ltr","width":"309.06","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","156.86","678.58"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":156.8601,"y":678.58}
{"page":22,"change":"none","str":"This rule is broken a lot. Holiday cards are often signed, “","dir":"ltr","width":"303.37","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","563.26"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":563.2603}
{"page":22,"change":"none","str":"Happy Holidays from the ","dir":"ltr","width":"134.75","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","375.67","563.26"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":375.6698,"y":563.2603}
{"page":22,"change":"none","str":" It is incorrect. Apostrophes make nouns possessive, not plural.","dir":"ltr","width":"335.94","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","121.94","549.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":121.93982,"y":549.4603000000001}
{"page":22,"change":"none","str":" become possessive by following the same rules as other nouns. If ","dir":"ltr","width":"356.17","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","168.62","486.07"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":168.61992,"y":486.07000000000016}
{"page":22,"change":"none","str":"the abbreviation is singular, then you add an apostrophe and ","dir":"ltr","width":"325.39","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","471.79"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":471.79}
{"page":22,"change":"none","str":". If the abbreviation is ","dir":"ltr","width":"117.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","403.75","471.79"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":403.7498,"y":471.79}
{"page":22,"change":"none","str":"plural and ends in ","dir":"ltr","width":"98.06","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","457.99"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":457.99}
{"page":22,"change":"none","str":", then you only add the apostrophe. ","dir":"ltr","width":"191.43","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","176.18","457.99"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":176.18009999999998,"y":457.99}
{"page":22,"change":"none","str":" does not end in ","dir":"ltr","width":"88.79","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","294.05","430.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":294.05016,"y":430.5103}
{"page":22,"change":"none","str":"Both CEOs‟ signatures were required (plural and ends in ","dir":"ltr","width":"303.45","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","416.71"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.02001999999999,"y":416.71029999999996}
{"page":22,"change":"none","str":"CBS‟s fall schedule (singular and ends in ","dir":"ltr","width":"221.46","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","402.91"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.02007999999995,"y":402.91029999999995}
{"page":22,"change":"none","str":"Company and organization names","dir":"ltr","width":"236.14","height":"14.52","transform":["14.52","0.00","0.00","14.52","72.02","353.33"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02407999999997,"y":353.3302}
{"page":22,"change":"none","str":"that include possessives may not use ","dir":"ltr","width":"202.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","312.17","353.33"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":312.17015999999995,"y":353.3302}
{"page":22,"change":"none","str":"correct grammar. It is important to use the company‟s legal ","dir":"ltr","width":"315.25","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","338.93"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":338.93}
{"page":22,"change":"none","str":"name, even if it uses ","dir":"ltr","width":"113.51","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","387.55","338.93"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":387.5498,"y":338.93}
{"page":22,"change":"none","str":"incorrect grammar. Consult the company‟s website for their preferred spelling.","dir":"ltr","width":"412.74","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","325.13"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":325.13}
{"page":22,"change":"none","str":"Macy‟s (uses a star in place of the apostrophe)","dir":"ltr","width":"248.72","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","269.93"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.01978,"y":269.92999999999995}
{"page":22,"change":"none","str":"Time and money","dir":"ltr","width":"114.59","height":"14.52","transform":["14.52","0.00","0.00","14.52","72.02","226.25"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02378000000004,"y":226.24989999999994}
{"page":22,"change":"none","str":"can show possession, and they need to be punctuated properly. ","dir":"ltr","width":"343.02","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","190.46","226.25"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":190.45986000000005,"y":226.24989999999994}
{"page":22,"change":"none","str":"one year‟s experience (the experience of one year)","dir":"ltr","width":"270.51","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","198.02"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":198.0201}
{"page":22,"change":"none","str":"five years‟ experience (the experience of five years)","dir":"ltr","width":"273.90","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","184.22"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.01991999999996,"y":184.2201}
{"page":22,"change":"none","str":"one dollar‟s worth (the worth of one dollar)","dir":"ltr","width":"224.03","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","170.42"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.01997999999998,"y":170.4201}
{"page":22,"change":"none","str":"twenty dollars‟ worth (the worth of twenty dollars)","dir":"ltr","width":"259.31","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","156.62"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.02003999999997,"y":156.62009999999998}
{"page":22,"change":"none","str":"today‟s class (the class of today)","dir":"ltr","width":"173.33","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","142.82"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.02010000000001,"y":142.82009999999997}
{"page":22,"change":"none","str":"If the possessive construction seems awkward, then it is perfectly acceptable to use the ","dir":"ltr","width":"467.38","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","115.22"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02410000000003,"y":115.22009999999996}
{"page":22,"change":"none","str":"prepositional phrase instead. Both options are grammatically correct.","dir":"ltr","width":"364.61","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","101.42"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02410000000003,"y":101.42009999999996}
{"page":23,"change":"none","str":"happen when the second noun in the possessive ","dir":"ltr","width":"262.63","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","242.93","689.98"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":242.93024000000005,"y":689.9799}
{"page":23,"change":"none","str":"construction is implied and not stated. If you choose to leave off the second","dir":"ltr","width":"399.47","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","675.58"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":675.58}
{"page":23,"change":"none","str":" noun, make ","dir":"ltr","width":"69.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","471.53","675.58"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":471.5258,"y":675.58}
{"page":23,"change":"none","str":"sure that the reader knows what word you implied. When in doubt, don‟t leave t","dir":"ltr","width":"419.21","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","661.78"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":661.7800000000001}
{"page":23,"change":"none","str":"he word ","dir":"ltr","width":"46.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","491.27","661.78"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":491.2738,"y":661.7800000000001}
{"page":23,"change":"none","str":"The family will meet at Mary‟s for the party. (Mary‟s ","dir":"ltr","width":"273.74","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","620.50"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":620.4999000000001}
{"page":23,"change":"none","str":" is implied.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"67.33","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","414.91","620.50"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":414.90995999999996,"y":620.4999000000001}
{"page":23,"change":"none","str":"e is better than l","dir":"ltr","width":"85.37","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","188.78","606.70"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":188.78021999999993,"y":606.6999000000002}
{"page":23,"change":"none","str":" is implied.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"64.09","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","423.55","606.70"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":423.54991999999993,"y":606.6999000000002}
{"page":23,"change":"none","str":" happens when two nouns own something together or ","dir":"ltr","width":"288.08","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","232.37","557.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":232.36991999999992,"y":557.1397000000001}
{"page":23,"change":"none","str":"separately. It can confuse the best of us. If two or more nouns share ownership, then","dir":"ltr","width":"449.21","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","542.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":542.74}
{"page":23,"change":"none","str":"you only need one apostrophe and ","dir":"ltr","width":"188.07","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","529.03"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02379999999994,"y":529.0302}
{"page":23,"change":"none","str":"Mary and Fred‟s dog","dir":"ltr","width":"110.15","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","515.11"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.0197,"y":515.1103}
{"page":23,"change":"none","str":" is white. (combined ownership) ","dir":"ltr","width":"171.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","218.21","515.11"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":218.2097,"y":515.1103}
{"page":23,"change":"none","str":"Sarah and Theresa‟s house has a pool. (combined ownership)","dir":"ltr","width":"330.72","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","501.31"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.01975999999999,"y":501.31030000000004}
{"page":23,"change":"none","str":"If two or more nouns have separate ownership, then both nouns need to be ","dir":"ltr","width":"402.65","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","487.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02376000000004,"y":487.51030000000003}
{"page":23,"change":"none","str":"Mary‟s and Fred‟s suitcases were lost. (Separate ownership. They both lost thei","dir":"ltr","width":"422.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","459.91"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.01982000000004,"y":459.9103}
{"page":23,"change":"none","str":"Sarah‟s and Theresa‟s cats are striped. ","dir":"ltr","width":"212.06","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","432.31"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.01977000000011,"y":432.3103}
{"page":23,"change":"none","str":" (Separate ownership. Sarah and ","dir":"ltr","width":"179.23","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","320.35","432.31"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":320.34977000000015,"y":432.3103}
{"page":23,"change":"none","str":"Theresa each own a striped cat.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"178.21","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","418.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01977000000014,"y":418.5103}
{"page":23,"change":"none","str":" should be written as possessives. These degrees are not ","dir":"ltr","width":"312.85","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","200.21","369.17"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":200.20967000000013,"y":369.16999999999996}
{"page":23,"change":"none","str":"capitalized unless they are used as an abbreviation.","dir":"ltr","width":"275.37","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","354.77"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":354.77}
{"page":23,"change":"none","str":"A bachelor‟s degree is required for the position.","dir":"ltr","width":"251.31","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","327.17"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":327.16999999999996}
{"page":23,"change":"none","str":"Mary earned a master‟s degree in biology.","dir":"ltr","width":"223.83","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","313.37"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.01991999999996,"y":313.36999999999995}
{"page":23,"change":"none","str":"He has a bachelor‟s and a master‟s. (possessive form is required even if the ","dir":"ltr","width":"406.65","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","299.57"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.01997999999998,"y":299.56999999999994}
{"page":23,"change":"none","str":"word degree is implied) ","dir":"ltr","width":"127.45","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","285.77"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01997999999998,"y":285.7699999999999}
{"page":23,"change":"none","str":"Apostrophes make nouns possessive, not plural.","dir":"ltr","width":"338.52","height":"14.52","transform":["14.52","0.00","0.00","14.52","136.70","239.21"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":136.69987999999998,"y":239.21019999999993}
{"page":23,"change":"none","str":"Do not rely on computer software to catch errors with plural and possessive nouns. The ","dir":"ltr","width":"470.43","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","224.81"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02388000000002,"y":224.81019999999992}
{"page":23,"change":"none","str":"placement of the apostrophe can change the meaning of the sentence. The f","dir":"ltr","width":"405.96","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","211.01"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02388000000002,"y":211.0101999999999}
{"page":23,"change":"none","str":"two sentences are both grammatically correct, but they have different meanings.","dir":"ltr","width":"425.28","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","197.18"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02388000000002,"y":197.18009999999992}
{"page":23,"change":"none","str":"s cupcake smelled delicious. (One student with one cupcake) ","dir":"ltr","width":"328.38","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","174.14","169.58"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":174.13984000000002,"y":169.5800999999999}
{"page":23,"change":"none","str":"The students‟ cupcake smelled delicious. (More than one student sharing one ","dir":"ltr","width":"414.73","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","155.78"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.01990000000002,"y":155.7800999999999}
{"page":23,"change":"none","str":"The teacher began class by calling the students names. (Very rude!)","dir":"ltr","width":"362.65","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","102.62"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01993000000002,"y":102.61989999999989}
{"page":23,"change":"none","str":"The teacher began class by calling the st","dir":"ltr","width":"217.37","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","86.78"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02005999999994,"y":86.78399999999989}
{"page":24,"change":"none","str":"Pronouns take the place of a noun in a sentence. This makes writing and speaki","dir":"ltr","width":"424.81","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","421.87"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":421.8698}
{"page":24,"change":"none","str":"much more efficient.","dir":"ltr","width":"108.02","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","408.07"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":408.0698}
{"page":24,"change":"none","str":"Fred asked Mary if Mary could pick Fred up at Fred’s office.","dir":"ltr","width":"338.65","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","380.47"],"fontName":"BCKRYX+Arial,Bold","x":108.01985999999998,"y":380.46979999999996}
{"page":24,"change":"none","str":"Fred asked Mary if she could pick him up at his office.","dir":"ltr","width":"308.29","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","352.85"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":108.01982,"y":352.84989999999993}
{"page":24,"change":"none","str":" (Pronouns are ","dir":"ltr","width":"82.60","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","416.35","352.85"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":416.34981999999997,"y":352.84989999999993}
{"page":24,"change":"none","str":"The first sentence is grammatically correct, but it is very inefficient. It‟s also a bit ","dir":"ltr","width":"426.15","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","311.45"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":72.0239,"y":311.45}
{"page":24,"change":"none","str":"confusing and boring. The noun that a pronoun is referring to is called the ","dir":"ltr","width":"392.64","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","297.65"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0239,"y":297.65}
{"page":24,"change":"none","str":" and ","dir":"ltr","width":"27.95","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","223.49","270.05"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":223.48967000000002,"y":270.04999999999995}
{"page":24,"change":"none","str":" gave ","dir":"ltr","width":"33.92","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","265.49","270.05"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":265.48967000000005,"y":270.04999999999995}
{"page":24,"change":"none","str":" to Mary. ","dir":"ltr","width":"56.02","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","328.15","270.05"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":328.14987,"y":270.04999999999995}
{"page":24,"change":"none","str":" refers to the antecedent ","dir":"ltr","width":"133.28","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","156.86","242.57"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":156.8602,"y":242.5699}
{"page":24,"change":"none","str":". The pronoun ","dir":"ltr","width":"78.04","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","314.81","242.57"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":314.8103,"y":242.5699}
{"page":24,"change":"none","str":" refers to the ","dir":"ltr","width":"70.73","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","419.59","242.57"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":419.58989999999994,"y":242.5699}
{"page":24,"change":"none","str":". If you are using a pronoun, it is important that the antecedent is ","dir":"ltr","width":"345.33","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","172.82","228.77"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":172.82,"y":228.76989999999998}
{"page":24,"change":"none","str":"Personal pronouns can be sorted into three different cases: subjective case, objective ","dir":"ltr","width":"457.29","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","140.78"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":140.78}
{"page":24,"change":"none","str":"case, and possessive case. Most pronouns have a different form depending on who is ","dir":"ltr","width":"459.43","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","126.98"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":126.98}
{"page":24,"change":"none","str":"speaking or being spoken to. ","dir":"ltr","width":"156.79","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","113.18"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":113.18}
{"page":25,"change":"none","str":"(person is speaking to you)","dir":"ltr","width":"143.95","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","597.70"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":597.7}
{"page":25,"change":"none","str":"(person or thing spoken of)","dir":"ltr","width":"143.47","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","558.82"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02379999999998,"y":558.82}
{"page":25,"change":"none","str":"his, her theirs","dir":"ltr","width":"92.05","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","437.35","572.62"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":437.3501,"y":572.62}
{"page":25,"change":"none","str":"hers, its theirs","dir":"ltr","width":"91.34","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","437.35","558.82"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":437.3502000000001,"y":558.82}
{"page":25,"change":"none","str":"Subjective case pronouns","dir":"ltr","width":"179.75","height":"14.52","transform":["14.52","0.00","0.00","14.52","72.02","480.43"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":480.42999999999995}
{"page":25,"change":"none","str":" perform the action of the verb. Verbs show the action ","dir":"ltr","width":"287.86","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","251.81","480.43"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":251.8098,"y":480.42999999999995}
{"page":25,"change":"none","str":"of the sentence, and the subject shows who or what is performing that action. I","dir":"ltr","width":"416.60","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","466.03"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":466.03}
{"page":25,"change":"none","str":"f the ","dir":"ltr","width":"26.82","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","488.53","466.03"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":488.5268,"y":466.03}
{"page":25,"change":"none","str":"subject is a pronoun, then the pronoun must be in the subjective case. Only subjective ","dir":"ltr","width":"459.93","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","452.23"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":452.22999999999996}
{"page":25,"change":"none","str":"case pronouns can work as the subjects of verbs. If a pronoun appears as the subject ","dir":"ltr","width":"457.63","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","438.43"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":438.42999999999995}
{"page":25,"change":"none","str":"a sentence, then it must be in the subjective case. ","dir":"ltr","width":"268.75","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","424.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":424.62999999999994}
{"page":25,"change":"none","str":"I am going to Hawaii. (First person subjective case pronoun) ","dir":"ltr","width":"322.83","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","397.03"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":397.0299999999999}
{"page":25,"change":"none","str":"You need to study for the test. (Second person subjective case) ","dir":"ltr","width":"340.83","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","383.23"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":383.23}
{"page":25,"change":"none","str":"They work well together. (Third person subjective case) ","dir":"ltr","width":"297.51","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","369.41"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":369.41}
{"page":25,"change":"none","str":"Subjective case pronouns also follow all forms of the verb ","dir":"ltr","width":"308.68","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","328.13"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":328.1301}
{"page":25,"change":"none","str":" (am, is, are, was, were, ","dir":"ltr","width":"130.52","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","394.39","328.13"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":394.3897,"y":328.1301}
{"page":25,"change":"none","str":"be, been). This can be confusing, and it might initially sound strange because ob","dir":"ltr","width":"426.66","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","314.21"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02370000000002,"y":314.21020000000004}
{"page":25,"change":"none","str":"This is she. (not ","dir":"ltr","width":"88.12","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","272.93"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01976000000005,"y":272.93010000000004}
{"page":25,"change":"none","str":"It was they. (not ","dir":"ltr","width":"88.14","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","259.13"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02002000000005,"y":259.1301}
{"page":25,"change":"none","str":"It can sound a bit unnatural and stuffy, but it is grammatically correct. If it sounds too","dir":"ltr","width":"446.60","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","217.61"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02402000000006,"y":217.61020000000002}
{"page":25,"change":"none","str":"stuffy for your style, then rewrite your sentence. Often rewriting involves taking the ","dir":"ltr","width":"438.61","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","203.78"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02402000000001,"y":203.78010000000003}
{"page":25,"change":"none","str":"pronoun out and using the antecedent instead. ","dir":"ltr","width":"250.63","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","189.98"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02402000000001,"y":189.98010000000002}
{"page":25,"change":"none","str":"This is Sarah. (Instead of she) ","dir":"ltr","width":"163.57","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","162.38"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02008000000001,"y":162.38010000000003}
{"page":25,"change":"none","str":"It was Mary, Fred, and Dan. (Instead of they) ","dir":"ltr","width":"241.59","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","148.58"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02004000000001,"y":148.58010000000002}
{"page":25,"change":"none","str":"Objective case pronouns","dir":"ltr","width":"172.51","height":"14.52","transform":["14.52","0.00","0.00","14.52","72.02","90.02"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02394000000001,"y":90.0238}
{"page":25,"change":"none","str":"work as the object of a verb. A direct object shows who ","dir":"ltr","width":"295.15","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","247.97","90.02"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":247.96971000000002,"y":90.0238}
{"page":25,"change":"none","str":"or what receives the action of the verb. The direct object is not performing the action, ","dir":"ltr","width":"452.60","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","75.62"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02371000000002,"y":75.62379999999999}
{"page":26,"change":"none","str":"but is receiving the action. If the direct object is a pronoun, then it must be in th","dir":"ltr","width":"417.47","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","708.96"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416000000005,"y":708.96}
{"page":26,"change":"none","str":"The boss gave ","dir":"ltr","width":"82.00","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","667.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02022000000005,"y":667.5397}
{"page":26,"change":"none","str":" a day off. (The boss performed the action of the verb.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"293.55","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","206.93","667.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":206.93042000000008,"y":667.5397}
{"page":26,"change":"none","str":"Mary likes you. (Mary performed the action of the verb.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"298.23","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","653.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":653.74}
{"page":26,"change":"none","str":"Fred drove them to the park. (Fred performed the action of the verb.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"367.62","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","639.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":639.94}
{"page":26,"change":"none","str":" to the park. (Sarah performed the action of the verb.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"286.74","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","189.50","626.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":189.49996,"y":626.14}
{"page":26,"change":"none","str":"In all of the examples, the objective case pronoun is not performing the action of","dir":"ltr","width":"424.64","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","598.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":598.5398}
{"page":26,"change":"none","str":" the ","dir":"ltr","width":"23.24","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","496.80","598.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":496.7958,"y":598.5398}
{"page":26,"change":"none","str":"verb. It is just hanging out and receiving the action of the verb.","dir":"ltr","width":"330.33","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","584.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":584.7398000000001}
{"page":26,"change":"none","str":"Objective case pronouns","dir":"ltr","width":"172.51","height":"14.52","transform":["14.52","0.00","0.00","14.52","72.02","542.86"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":542.8601000000001}
{"page":26,"change":"none","str":"also work as the ","dir":"ltr","width":"90.02","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","247.97","542.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":247.96957,"y":542.8601000000001}
{"page":26,"change":"none","str":"object of a preposition","dir":"ltr","width":"128.48","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","338.11","542.86"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":338.10977,"y":542.8601000000001}
{"page":26,"change":"none","str":"describe a relationship in time or space and answer the questions where and when. ","dir":"ltr","width":"446.00","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","528.43"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02377000000001,"y":528.4300000000001}
{"page":26,"change":"none","str":" are all prepositions. Prepositions always act ","dir":"ltr","width":"239.06","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","296.33","514.75"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":296.32987,"y":514.7499}
{"page":26,"change":"none","str":"as part of a prepositional phrase. The object of the preposition is a noun or pronoun. ","dir":"ltr","width":"452.88","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","500.83"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02387000000002,"y":500.83000000000004}
{"page":26,"change":"none","str":"it is a pronoun, then the pronoun is always in the objective case. This can get tricky with ","dir":"ltr","width":"467.84","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","487.03"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02386999999999,"y":487.03000000000003}
{"page":26,"change":"none","str":"prepositions such as ","dir":"ltr","width":"112.69","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","473.35"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02386999999999,"y":473.34990000000005}
{"page":26,"change":"none","str":" and ","dir":"ltr","width":"26.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","275.57","473.35"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":275.56987,"y":473.34990000000005}
{"page":26,"change":"none","str":". The trick is to isolate the prepositional ","dir":"ltr","width":"210.68","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","320.23","473.35"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":320.23006999999996,"y":473.34990000000005}
{"page":26,"change":"none","str":"phrase. If any pronouns are objects of the preposition, then they need to be in t","dir":"ltr","width":"418.63","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","459.43"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02406999999997,"y":459.43000000000006}
{"page":26,"change":"none","str":"Fred threw the ball to him. (Object of the preposition ","dir":"ltr","width":"279.52","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","418.15"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02012999999992,"y":418.14990000000006}
{"page":26,"change":"none","str":"Keep the secret between you and ","dir":"ltr","width":"182.26","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","404.35"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":404.35}
{"page":26,"change":"none","str":"(Object of the preposition ","dir":"ltr","width":"137.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","313.61","404.35"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":313.60987,"y":404.35}
{"page":26,"change":"none","str":"Everyone except Mary ","dir":"ltr","width":"122.77","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","390.55"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":390.55}
{"page":26,"change":"none","str":"him saw the movie. (Object of the preposition ","dir":"ltr","width":"243.51","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","254.21","390.55"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":254.20986000000002,"y":390.55}
{"page":26,"change":"none","str":"This rule gets mixed up a lot, and it might take a while to train your brain to use this rule ","dir":"ltr","width":"466.53","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","349.01"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":349.0102}
{"page":26,"change":"none","str":"correctly. The biggest mistake is saying “between you and I.” The correct way to say it is ","dir":"ltr","width":"470.49","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","335.21"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":335.2102}
{"page":26,"change":"none","str":"“between you and me.” ","dir":"ltr","width":"125.97","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","321.53"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":321.5301}
{"page":26,"change":"none","str":" might sound casual or non-academic, but it is just as formal ","dir":"ltr","width":"322.18","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","214.85","321.53"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":214.84990000000002,"y":321.5301}
{"page":26,"change":"none","str":"and academic as saying ","dir":"ltr","width":"131.88","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","307.73"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02390000000003,"y":307.7301}
{"page":26,"change":"none","str":"It is also correct. ","dir":"ltr","width":"90.76","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","214.13","307.73"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":214.13000000000002,"y":307.7301}
{"page":26,"change":"none","str":"Popular music doesn‟t help the case. Jessica Simpson, Every Avenue, and over tw","dir":"ltr","width":"439.28","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","280.01"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":72.02390000000005,"y":280.0102}
{"page":26,"change":"none","str":"other artists on iTunes have songs titled “Between You and I.” One group is even called ","dir":"ltr","width":"467.37","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","266.21"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":72.02390000000008,"y":266.2102}
{"page":26,"change":"none","str":"“Between You and I.” ","dir":"ltr","width":"116.06","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","252.41"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":72.02390000000008,"y":252.41019999999997}
{"page":26,"change":"none","str":" It is incorrect. The songs might be catchy, but do not rely on ","dir":"ltr","width":"324.07","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","188.18","252.41"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":188.1799000000001,"y":252.41019999999997}
{"page":26,"change":"none","str":"popular music to teach correct grammar. ","dir":"ltr","width":"218.72","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","238.61"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02390000000008,"y":238.61019999999996}
{"page":26,"change":"none","str":"If you have trouble deciding whether to use a subjective or objective pronoun, it is ","dir":"ltr","width":"435.29","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","211.01"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02390000000008,"y":211.01019999999994}
{"page":26,"change":"none","str":"helpful to find the verb. If the pronoun is the one performing the action","dir":"ltr","width":"370.29","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","197.18"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02390000000008,"y":197.18009999999995}
{"page":26,"change":"none","str":" of the verb, then ","dir":"ltr","width":"93.38","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","442.35","197.18"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":442.3529000000001,"y":197.18009999999995}
{"page":26,"change":"none","str":"it needs to be in the subjective case. If the pronoun is receiving the action of the ve","dir":"ltr","width":"438.65","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","183.38"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02390000000008,"y":183.38009999999994}
{"page":26,"change":"none","str":"then the pronoun needs to be in the objective case. If the pronoun follows a preposition","dir":"ltr","width":"461.42","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","169.58"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02390000000008,"y":169.58009999999993}
{"page":26,"change":"none","str":"then it is the object of the preposition and needs to be in the objective form. S","dir":"ltr","width":"410.33","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","155.78"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02390000000008,"y":155.78009999999992}
{"page":26,"change":"none","str":"pronouns insist on performing the action of a verb, and objective pronouns prefer to sit ","dir":"ltr","width":"460.74","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","141.98"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02390000000008,"y":141.9800999999999}
{"page":26,"change":"none","str":"back and let the action come to them. ","dir":"ltr","width":"202.70","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","128.18"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02390000000008,"y":128.1800999999999}
{"page":27,"change":"none","str":"Possessive case pronouns","dir":"ltr","width":"186.19","height":"14.52","transform":["14.52","0.00","0.00","14.52","72.02","706.66"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02416000000005,"y":706.6600000000001}
{"page":27,"change":"none","str":" show ownership. Possessive pronouns do not have ","dir":"ltr","width":"279.24","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","258.29","706.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":258.29016,"y":706.6600000000001}
{"page":27,"change":"none","str":"apostrophes like possessive nouns. ","dir":"ltr","width":"192.82","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","692.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416000000002,"y":692.2600000000001}
{"page":27,"change":"none","str":"Is this mine? (First person possessive case) ","dir":"ltr","width":"236.79","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","664.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02022000000002,"y":664.6600000000001}
{"page":27,"change":"none","str":"The shoes by the door must be yours. (Second person possessive case) ","dir":"ltr","width":"388.38","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","650.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02018000000002,"y":650.8600000000001}
{"page":27,"change":"none","str":"The tickets are theirs. (Third person possessive case) ","dir":"ltr","width":"288.15","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","637.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02014000000003,"y":637.0600000000002}
{"page":27,"change":"none","str":"When possessive pronouns describe nouns, they are acting as adjectives. Her car, his ","dir":"ltr","width":"461.61","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","609.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02404000000003,"y":609.4600000000002}
{"page":27,"change":"none","str":"motorcycle, their vacation, your assignment, are all examples of possessive pronouns ","dir":"ltr","width":"457.37","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","595.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02404000000003,"y":595.6600000000002}
{"page":27,"change":"none","str":"acting as adjectives. This will be covered more in Chapter 7. ","dir":"ltr","width":"322.62","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","581.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02404000000003,"y":581.8600000000002}
{"page":27,"change":"none","str":"Don‟t confuse possessive pronouns with contractions. Contractions are words or ","dir":"ltr","width":"429.31","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","554.26"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":72.02404000000001,"y":554.2600000000002}
{"page":27,"change":"none","str":"rases that have been shortened by removing letters. An apostrophe is added to the ","dir":"ltr","width":"443.26","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","85.46","540.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":85.46424000000002,"y":540.4600000000003}
{"page":27,"change":"none","str":"contraction in place of the missing letters. ","dir":"ltr","width":"223.37","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","526.75"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02404000000001,"y":526.7498000000003}
{"page":27,"change":"none","str":"Will not ","dir":"ltr","width":"42.88","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","295.49","526.75"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":295.49004,"y":526.7498000000003}
{"page":27,"change":"none","str":". The biggest mistake is with the word ","dir":"ltr","width":"203.33","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","242.69","512.95"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":242.69033000000013,"y":512.9498000000003}
{"page":27,"change":"none","str":" is a ","dir":"ltr","width":"25.28","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","477.70","512.95"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":477.7002500000001,"y":512.9498000000003}
{"page":27,"change":"none","str":"possessive pronoun. It shows ownership. ","dir":"ltr","width":"222.05","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","499.15"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02425000000011,"y":499.1498000000003}
{"page":27,"change":"none","str":"is a contraction, and is short for the words ","dir":"ltr","width":"225.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","312.89","499.15"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":312.89025000000015,"y":499.1498000000003}
{"page":27,"change":"none","str":"“it is” or “it has.”","dir":"ltr","width":"83.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","485.23"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":72.02425000000014,"y":485.2299000000003}
{"page":27,"change":"none","str":"If you cannot decide whether you should use “its” or “it‟s” in a sentence, ","dir":"ltr","width":"381.96","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","158.78","485.23"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":158.78051000000016,"y":485.2299000000003}
{"page":27,"change":"none","str":"just replace the word wit","dir":"ltr","width":"128.68","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","471.43"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02431000000016,"y":471.4299000000003}
{"page":27,"change":"none","str":"h the words “it is” or “it has.”","dir":"ltr","width":"148.70","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","200.81","471.43"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":200.81031000000016,"y":471.4299000000003}
{"page":27,"change":"none","str":" If the sentence still makes sense, ","dir":"ltr","width":"183.27","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","349.63","471.43"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":349.6303100000001,"y":471.4299000000003}
{"page":27,"change":"none","str":"then use the contraction “it‟s.” If the sentence no longer makes sense, then “its” is the ","dir":"ltr","width":"455.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","457.63"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":72.02431000000013,"y":457.6299000000003}
{"page":27,"change":"none","str":"Pronouns take the place of a noun in a sentence, so it is important to make sure it is ","dir":"ltr","width":"448.69","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","369.77"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":369.77}
{"page":27,"change":"none","str":"clear which noun the pronoun is replacing. When the pronoun does not match with the ","dir":"ltr","width":"460.03","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","355.97"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":355.96999999999997}
{"page":27,"change":"none","str":"noun it is replacing, the sentence is very confusing. Using pronouns correctly means ","dir":"ltr","width":"450.12","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","342.17"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":342.16999999999996}
{"page":27,"change":"none","str":"following these rules: ","dir":"ltr","width":"115.43","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","328.37"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":328.36999999999995}
{"page":27,"change":"none","str":"The pronoun must have a clear antecedent.","dir":"ltr","width":"247.18","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","88.82","300.77"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":88.82382,"y":300.7699999999999}
{"page":27,"change":"none","str":"If the reader can‟t figure out what the ","dir":"ltr","width":"198.73","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","339.55","300.77"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":339.54998,"y":300.7699999999999}
{"page":27,"change":"none","str":"pronoun is referring to, then the sentence is too vague. ","dir":"ltr","width":"297.50","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","286.97"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02398,"y":286.9699999999999}
{"page":27,"change":"none","str":"It was on the table. (What is it?) ","dir":"ltr","width":"171.49","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","126.02","259.37"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":126.02004000000001,"y":259.3699999999999}
{"page":27,"change":"none","str":"Mary told Sarah that she was in trouble. (Who is in trouble?) ","dir":"ltr","width":"322.23","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","126.02","245.57"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":126.02000000000001,"y":245.56999999999988}
{"page":27,"change":"none","str":" Pronouns must have the same number (singular or plural) as the antecedent. ","dir":"ltr","width":"445.21","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","82.10","217.97"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":82.10400000000001,"y":217.96999999999989}
{"page":27,"change":"none","str":"a pronoun is replacing a plural noun, then the pronoun also needs to be plural. Singu","dir":"ltr","width":"449.43","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","204.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.024,"y":204.1398999999999}
{"page":27,"change":"none","str":"Sarah forgot that she was scheduled to work on Saturday. (Singular ","dir":"ltr","width":"363.03","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","126.02","162.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":126.02006,"y":162.7398999999999}
{"page":27,"change":"none","str":"The students set their books down. (Plural antecedent, plural pronoun) ","dir":"ltr","width":"377.58","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","126.02","135.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":126.01996,"y":135.14}
{"page":27,"change":"none","str":"Mary, Sarah, and Fred drove to their favorite restaurant. (Plural antecedent, ","dir":"ltr","width":"404.34","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","126.02","121.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":126.01996,"y":121.34}
{"page":28,"change":"none","str":" Pronouns must have the same gender (masculine, feminine, or neutral) as the ","dir":"ltr","width":"450.02","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","82.10","708.96"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":82.10426000000005,"y":708.96}
{"page":28,"change":"none","str":". A masculine pronoun replaces a masculine noun. A feminine pronoun ","dir":"ltr","width":"379.21","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","135.50","695.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":135.50036000000006,"y":695.1401000000001}
{"page":28,"change":"none","str":"replaces a feminine noun. It is important that the pronoun agrees with the antece","dir":"ltr","width":"427.27","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","681.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416000000005,"y":681.3401000000001}
{"page":28,"change":"none","str":"The soup had a fly in ","dir":"ltr","width":"114.76","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","126.02","639.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":126.01996,"y":639.94}
{"page":28,"change":"none","str":"The English language is lacking a singular, third-person, gender-neutral pronoun. This ","dir":"ltr","width":"459.66","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","612.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":612.3402}
{"page":28,"change":"none","str":"is fine when referring to something such as soup, but it creates a problem when ","dir":"ltr","width":"424.66","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","598.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":598.5398}
{"page":28,"change":"none","str":"referring to people that could be male or female. ","dir":"ltr","width":"258.60","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","584.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":584.7394}
{"page":28,"change":"none","str":"Every student must submit (his, her, its, his or her) assignment by Tuesday. ","dir":"ltr","width":"404.10","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","126.02","557.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":126.01976,"y":557.1398}
{"page":28,"change":"none","str":"Which pronoun is correct? There isn‟t a perfect answer here. ","dir":"ltr","width":"324.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","529.63"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":72.02366,"y":529.6296}
{"page":28,"change":"none","str":" sounds like the student ","dir":"ltr","width":"129.32","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","409.75","529.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":409.74956,"y":529.6296}
{"page":28,"change":"none","str":"is not human. In the past, writers were instructed to choose the masculine pronoun in ","dir":"ltr","width":"453.93","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","515.71"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02355999999997,"y":515.7097}
{"page":28,"change":"none","str":"these situations. This kind of writing sounds antiquated and sexist today. Writers can ","dir":"ltr","width":"451.72","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","501.91"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02355999999997,"y":501.9097}
{"page":28,"change":"none","str":"choose to use ","dir":"ltr","width":"78.02","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","488.23"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02355999999997,"y":488.2296}
{"page":28,"change":"none","str":"his and her","dir":"ltr","width":"59.37","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","150.14","488.23"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":150.13955999999996,"y":488.2296}
{"page":28,"change":"none","str":" in a sentence. This is an acceptable way around the pronoun ","dir":"ltr","width":"330.04","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","209.57","488.23"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":209.56965999999997,"y":488.2296}
{"page":28,"change":"none","str":"problem, but it can sound awkward and wordy if it is used too often. ","dir":"ltr","width":"360.73","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","474.31"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02365999999998,"y":474.3097}
{"page":28,"change":"none","str":"Another solution is to rewrite the sentence entirely. This option is used the most. ","dir":"ltr","width":"427.86","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","446.71"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02365999999995,"y":446.7097}
{"page":28,"change":"none","str":"kily, there is a plural, gender-neutral, third-person pronoun. ","dir":"ltr","width":"315.50","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","91.46","433.03"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":91.46385999999995,"y":433.0296}
{"page":28,"change":"none","str":" and ","dir":"ltr","width":"26.59","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","500.50","433.03"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":500.49965999999995,"y":433.0296}
{"page":28,"change":"none","str":" form the team to fix this problem, but the writer must make the antecedent p","dir":"ltr","width":"405.18","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","101.42","419.23"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":101.41975999999995,"y":419.2296}
{"page":28,"change":"none","str":"Students must submit their assignments by Tuesday. (Plural antecedent, plural ","dir":"ltr","width":"421.57","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","377.71"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01981999999992,"y":377.7097}
{"page":28,"change":"none","str":"In casual conversation, many people use ","dir":"ltr","width":"220.69","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","336.41"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0239,"y":336.4103}
{"page":28,"change":"none","str":" as a singular, gender neutral, third-","dir":"ltr","width":"189.69","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","315.53","336.41"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":315.5301,"y":336.4103}
{"page":28,"change":"none","str":" is a plural pronoun, not a singular pronoun, so it is not correct to ","dir":"ltr","width":"345.22","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","189.50","322.61"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":189.5002,"y":322.6103}
{"page":28,"change":"none","str":"use this in formal documents. English is always evolving, so eventually ","dir":"ltr","width":"377.79","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","308.81"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02420000000001,"y":308.8103}
{"page":28,"change":"none","str":" might fill ","dir":"ltr","width":"50.72","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","473.02","308.81"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":473.02020000000005,"y":308.8103}
{"page":28,"change":"none","str":"the void that is missing on Team Pronoun. For now, treat","dir":"ltr","width":"301.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","295.01"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02420000000006,"y":295.0103}
{"page":28,"change":"none","str":" they ","dir":"ltr","width":"29.35","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","373.75","295.01"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":373.75020000000006,"y":295.0103}
{"page":28,"change":"none","str":"as a plural pronoun only. ","dir":"ltr","width":"134.60","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","403.03","295.01"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":403.03030000000007,"y":295.0103}
{"page":28,"change":"none","str":"Compound Subjects and Objects","dir":"ltr","width":"227.98","height":"14.52","transform":["14.52","0.00","0.00","14.52","72.02","204.77"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":204.7701}
{"page":28,"change":"none","str":"Pronouns cause problems when they appear in combination with other nouns. ","dir":"ltr","width":"416.62","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","190.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":190.34}
{"page":28,"change":"none","str":"I like coffee. (Correct. ","dir":"ltr","width":"117.43","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","162.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":162.8603}
{"page":28,"change":"none","str":" is a subjective pronoun.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"136.80","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","228.77","162.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":228.76969999999997,"y":162.8603}
{"page":28,"change":"none","str":"My brother and I like coffee. (Even though another noun showed up in the","dir":"ltr","width":"390.94","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","148.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":148.94}
{"page":28,"change":"none","str":"sentence, the pronoun remains the same.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"228.87","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","135.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":135.14}
{"page":28,"change":"none","str":"My brother and ","dir":"ltr","width":"84.07","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","121.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01996,"y":121.33999999999999}
{"page":28,"change":"none","str":" like coffee","dir":"ltr","width":"57.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","208.85","121.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":208.85006,"y":121.33999999999999}
{"page":28,"change":"none","str":"Wrong. Me is an objective pronoun, and it has no ","dir":"ltr","width":"264.26","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","276.53","121.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":276.53016,"y":121.33999999999999}
{"page":28,"change":"none","str":"business acting as part of the subject.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"208.21","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","107.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":107.54}
{"page":29,"change":"none","str":"The trick to choosing the correct pronoun for the sentence is to ignore the other nou","dir":"ltr","width":"443.35","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","708.96"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416000000005,"y":708.96}
{"page":29,"change":"none","str":"and the conjunction (usually and). You can cover it with your hand if that is helpful.","dir":"ltr","width":"436.81","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","695.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416,"y":695.1401000000001}
{"page":29,"change":"none","str":"Fred and she went to the beach. ","dir":"ltr","width":"175.57","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","667.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02011999999998,"y":667.5397}
{"page":29,"change":"none","str":"Ignore “Fred and” to select the correct ","dir":"ltr","width":"204.50","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","283.61","667.54"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":283.61012,"y":667.5397}
{"page":29,"change":"none","str":"subjective case pronoun.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"140.17","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","653.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":653.74}
{"page":29,"change":"none","str":"Sarah asked the boss and him for advice. ","dir":"ltr","width":"224.19","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","639.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01996,"y":639.94}
{"page":29,"change":"none","str":"(Ignore “the boss and”","dir":"ltr","width":"118.04","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","332.23","639.94"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":332.22996,"y":639.94}
{"page":29,"change":"none","str":" to select the ","dir":"ltr","width":"71.31","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","450.34","639.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":450.33996,"y":639.94}
{"page":29,"change":"none","str":"correct objective case pronoun.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"174.13","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","626.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":626.14}
{"page":29,"change":"none","str":"Would you like Mary or ","dir":"ltr","width":"125.41","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","612.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01996,"y":612.34}
{"page":29,"change":"none","str":" to drive tonight? ","dir":"ltr","width":"92.16","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","250.85","612.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":250.84996,"y":612.34}
{"page":29,"change":"none","str":" to select the ","dir":"ltr","width":"71.56","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","432.79","612.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":432.78986,"y":612.34}
{"page":29,"change":"none","str":"correct objective case pronoun.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"174.13","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","598.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":598.54}
{"page":29,"change":"none","str":"My brother and I like coffee","dir":"ltr","width":"144.80","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","584.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01996,"y":584.74}
{"page":29,"change":"none","str":" to select the correct ","dir":"ltr","width":"111.25","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","389.59","584.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":389.58996,"y":584.74}
{"page":29,"change":"none","str":"subjective case pronoun.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"140.17","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","570.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":570.94}
{"page":29,"change":"none","str":"Reflexive pronouns end in -self or -selves and","dir":"ltr","width":"243.42","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","510.07"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":510.07}
{"page":29,"change":"none","str":" back to their antecedents in the ","dir":"ltr","width":"173.35","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","351.67","510.07"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":351.6696,"y":510.07}
{"page":29,"change":"none","str":"same sentence. Think of them as vain pronouns that need a mirror to reflect the","dir":"ltr","width":"422.60","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","496.15"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02359999999999,"y":496.1501}
{"page":29,"change":"none","str":"image. Reflexive pronouns are reflecting off of the antecedent in the same sen","dir":"ltr","width":"415.37","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","482.35"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02359999999999,"y":482.3501}
{"page":29,"change":"none","str":" are all ","dir":"ltr","width":"39.43","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","486.94","468.67"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":486.9392,"y":468.67}
{"page":29,"change":"none","str":"examples of reflexive pronouns. The big challenge with reflexive pronouns is to make ","dir":"ltr","width":"454.76","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","454.75"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02320000000003,"y":454.75010000000003}
{"page":29,"change":"none","str":"sure that the antecedent is in the same sentence. A reflexive pronoun cannot show","dir":"ltr","width":"439.43","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","440.95"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02320000000003,"y":440.9501}
{"page":29,"change":"none","str":" up ","dir":"ltr","width":"20.11","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","511.31","440.95"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":511.31320000000005,"y":440.9501}
{"page":29,"change":"none","str":"in a sentence without an antecedent. ","dir":"ltr","width":"198.84","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","427.15"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02320000000003,"y":427.1501}
{"page":29,"change":"none","str":" wanted to see ","dir":"ltr","width":"81.28","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","177.50","399.67"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":177.49936000000002,"y":399.67}
{"page":29,"change":"none","str":"in the picture. (","dir":"ltr","width":"79.48","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","322.87","399.67"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":322.86926,"y":399.67}
{"page":29,"change":"none","str":" reflects on ","dir":"ltr","width":"62.10","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","467.02","399.67"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":467.01926000000003,"y":399.67}
{"page":29,"change":"none","str":"Mary looked at herself in the mirror. (","dir":"ltr","width":"196.27","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","372.05"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01995999999998,"y":372.0501}
{"page":29,"change":"none","str":" reflects on ","dir":"ltr","width":"61.97","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","342.31","372.05"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":342.31016,"y":372.0501}
{"page":29,"change":"none","str":"I am going to treat myself to a scone. (","dir":"ltr","width":"204.19","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","358.25"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":358.25}
{"page":29,"change":"none","str":" reflects on ","dir":"ltr","width":"61.98","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","346.87","358.25"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":346.86985999999996,"y":358.25}
{"page":29,"change":"none","str":"Problems show up when people use a reflexive pronoun instead of a personal pron","dir":"ltr","width":"439.95","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","330.53"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":330.5302}
{"page":29,"change":"none","str":"Some people feel uncomfortable using ","dir":"ltr","width":"207.99","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","316.85"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02379999999994,"y":316.8501}
{"page":29,"change":"none","str":" in a sentence, so they choose ","dir":"ltr","width":"165.53","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","296.81","316.85"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":296.80999999999995,"y":316.8501}
{"page":29,"change":"none","str":"instead. One is not more formal or more intellectual than the other, but ","dir":"ltr","width":"375.96","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","303.05"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02419999999995,"y":303.0501}
{"page":29,"change":"none","str":"follow different rules so they are not interchangeable. Reflexive pronouns must have a","dir":"ltr","width":"455.91","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","289.13"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02427000000006,"y":289.1302}
{"page":29,"change":"none","str":"antecedent in the sentence to reflect on. If it does not, then use a person","dir":"ltr","width":"384.63","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","275.33"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02427000000012,"y":275.3302}
{"page":29,"change":"none","str":"Please email Fred or myself with any questions. (WRONG! The reflexive pronoun ","dir":"ltr","width":"434.89","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","220.13"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02033000000011,"y":220.13019999999995}
{"page":29,"change":"none","str":"has nothing to reflect on in the sentence.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"223.59","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","206.33"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02033000000011,"y":206.33019999999993}
{"page":29,"change":"none","str":"Please email Fred or me with questions. (Correct.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"270.75","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","192.50"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02029000000012,"y":192.50009999999995}
{"page":29,"change":"none","str":"Subjective case pronouns (","dir":"ltr","width":"144.72","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","136.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":136.46}
{"page":29,"change":"none","str":"are all forms of the verb ","dir":"ltr","width":"129.35","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","122.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02380000000005,"y":122.66000000000001}
{"page":29,"change":"none","str":", including ","dir":"ltr","width":"57.29","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","214.85","122.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":214.84970000000004,"y":122.66000000000001}
{"page":29,"change":"none","str":"am, is, are, was, were, be, been","dir":"ltr","width":"169.99","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","272.21","122.66"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":272.20990000000006,"y":122.66000000000001}
{"page":29,"change":"none","str":" has been","dir":"ltr","width":"52.70","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","469.06","122.66"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":469.05980000000005,"y":122.66000000000001}
{"page":29,"change":"none","str":" Normally, objective case pronouns follow verbs, so this rule can sound awkward and ","dir":"ltr","width":"454.04","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","108.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02380000000005,"y":108.73970000000001}
{"page":29,"change":"none","str":"stiff at first. ","dir":"ltr","width":"61.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","94.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02380000000005,"y":94.94400000000002}
{"page":30,"change":"none","str":"It is I. ","dir":"ltr","width":"35.38","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","708.96"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02022000000005,"y":708.96}
{"page":30,"change":"none","str":"That was he. ","dir":"ltr","width":"75.34","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","695.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02018000000005,"y":695.1401000000001}
{"page":30,"change":"none","str":"Was it she who called earlier? ","dir":"ltr","width":"166.09","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","681.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02014000000005,"y":681.3401000000001}
{"page":30,"change":"none","str":"If it sounds too stiff, you can rewrite the sentence to sound more natural.","dir":"ltr","width":"383.54","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","653.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02404000000006,"y":653.8600000000001}
{"page":30,"change":"none","str":" It is I","dir":"ltr","width":"28.64","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","455.74","653.86"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":455.7400400000001,"y":653.8600000000001}
{"page":30,"change":"none","str":"I am here.","dir":"ltr","width":"54.04","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","640.06"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":72.02424000000008,"y":640.0600000000002}
{"page":30,"change":"none","str":" Another rewriting option is to not use a pronoun at all, and switch the ","dir":"ltr","width":"370.57","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","126.14","640.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":126.14024000000008,"y":640.0600000000002}
{"page":30,"change":"none","str":"pronoun back to a noun. ","dir":"ltr","width":"132.68","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","626.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02424000000008,"y":626.2600000000002}
{"page":30,"change":"none","str":"That was he","dir":"ltr","width":"65.32","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","204.89","626.26"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":204.8902400000001,"y":626.2600000000002}
{"page":30,"change":"none","str":"That was Fred","dir":"ltr","width":"76.70","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","325.63","626.26"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":325.6304400000001,"y":626.2600000000002}
{"page":30,"change":"none","str":"Was it she who called ","dir":"ltr","width":"119.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","408.91","626.26"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":408.9105400000001,"y":626.2600000000002}
{"page":30,"change":"none","str":"Was it Sarah who called earlier?","dir":"ltr","width":"172.07","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","164.06","612.46"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":164.06094000000007,"y":612.4600000000003}
{"page":30,"change":"none","str":"Indefinite pronouns, such as ","dir":"ltr","width":"153.43","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","556.18"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":556.18}
{"page":30,"change":"none","str":" and ","dir":"ltr","width":"26.59","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","330.43","556.18"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":330.4298,"y":556.18}
{"page":30,"change":"none","str":", are called indefinite ","dir":"ltr","width":"113.29","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","412.51","556.18"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":412.5098,"y":556.18}
{"page":30,"change":"none","str":"because they are not referring to anyone specific. Indefinite pronouns are rather vague ","dir":"ltr","width":"462.70","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","542.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":542.2601}
{"page":30,"change":"none","str":"about whom they represent. Words such as ","dir":"ltr","width":"234.96","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","528.55"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":528.5499}
{"page":30,"change":"none","str":" and ","dir":"ltr","width":"26.59","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","362.35","528.55"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":362.35,"y":528.5499}
{"page":30,"change":"none","str":" sound like a ","dir":"ltr","width":"70.76","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","444.31","528.55"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":444.31010000000003,"y":528.5499}
{"page":30,"change":"none","str":"large number, but these indefinite pronouns are treated as singular pronouns. Some ","dir":"ltr","width":"448.77","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","514.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02410000000003,"y":514.63}
{"page":30,"change":"none","str":"indefinite pronouns are always singular and some are always plural. ","dir":"ltr","width":"363.31","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","500.83"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02410000000003,"y":500.83}
{"page":30,"change":"none","str":"no one ","dir":"ltr","width":"40.06","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","144.02","445.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":144.02023852000002,"y":445.62999999999994}
{"page":30,"change":"none","str":"Indefinite pronouns can work as antecedents for other pronouns in the sentence. Make ","dir":"ltr","width":"463.39","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","335.21"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0241,"y":335.21009999999984}
{"page":30,"change":"none","str":"sure that the pronoun agrees with the antecedent. If the indefinite pronoun","dir":"ltr","width":"393.53","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","321.41"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0241,"y":321.41009999999983}
{"page":30,"change":"none","str":"is plural, then the pronoun must be plural too.","dir":"ltr","width":"240.74","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","307.61"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02410000000003,"y":307.6100999999998}
{"page":30,"change":"none","str":"on the women‟s basketball team did ","dir":"ltr","width":"193.85","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","162.14","280.01"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":162.14006000000006,"y":280.0100999999998}
{"page":30,"change":"none","str":" best. (The antecedent ","dir":"ltr","width":"123.23","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","373.63","280.01"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":373.63006000000007,"y":280.0100999999998}
{"page":30,"change":"none","str":" is feminine and singular.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"140.05","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","158.78","266.33"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":158.78019999999998,"y":266.33}
{"page":30,"change":"none","str":"Many Starbucks locations give their used coffee grounds to gardeners. (The ","dir":"ltr","width":"406.29","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","252.41"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02005999999997,"y":252.41009999999997}
{"page":30,"change":"none","str":" is plural.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"55.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","200.21","238.73"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":200.2102,"y":238.73}
{"page":30,"change":"none","str":"Each email address has its own unique password. (The antecedent ","dir":"ltr","width":"360.03","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","224.93"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02025999999998,"y":224.92999999999998}
{"page":30,"change":"none","str":" is ","dir":"ltr","width":"15.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","495.82","224.93"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":495.82035999999994,"y":224.92999999999998}
{"page":30,"change":"none","str":"singular and neutral.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"116.17","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","211.01"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":211.01}
{"page":30,"change":"none","str":"Collective nouns such as ","dir":"ltr","width":"136.07","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","153.02"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":153.02}
{"page":30,"change":"none","str":", and ","dir":"ltr","width":"30.06","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","343.63","153.02"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":343.6298,"y":153.02}
{"page":30,"change":"none","str":" refer to a group. ","dir":"ltr","width":"92.08","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","428.95","153.02"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":428.94969999999995,"y":153.02}
{"page":30,"change":"none","str":"When talking about the group as a unit, they are considered singular. If the collective","dir":"ltr","width":"448.54","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","139.10"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02369999999996,"y":139.1001}
{"page":30,"change":"none","str":"noun is not working as a singular unit, then it is plural. ","dir":"ltr","width":"288.12","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","125.30"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0236999999999,"y":125.3001}
{"page":30,"change":"none","str":"If you cannot figure out if the collective noun is plural or singular, ask yourself if it is ","dir":"ltr","width":"442.97","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","97.82"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0236999999999,"y":97.82390000000001}
{"page":30,"change":"none","str":"acting as a unit. Collective nouns act like a bag of candy. A bag of candy is a singular ","dir":"ltr","width":"455.28","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","84.02"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0236999999999,"y":84.02390000000001}
{"page":31,"change":"none","str":"unit. It is contained and all of the candy is traveling as a unit. What if the bag rips op","dir":"ltr","width":"443.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","708.96"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416000000005,"y":708.96}
{"page":31,"change":"none","str":"The candies in the bag are no longer working as a singular unit; instead, they are ","dir":"ltr","width":"433.07","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","695.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416000000011,"y":695.1401000000001}
{"page":31,"change":"none","str":"moving in all different directions. The bag of candy is singular, but the candies are ","dir":"ltr","width":"436.78","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","681.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416000000011,"y":681.3401000000001}
{"page":31,"change":"none","str":"plural. Is the antecedent acting like the bag of candy, or is it acting like the spilled ","dir":"ltr","width":"432.84","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","667.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416000000011,"y":667.5401000000002}
{"page":31,"change":"none","str":"The team accepted its trophy. (Team is working as one unit.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"325.59","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","626.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02022000000011,"y":626.1405000000002}
{"page":31,"change":"none","str":"The jury handed down its verdict. (Jury is working as one unit.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"335.55","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","612.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":612.34}
{"page":31,"change":"none","str":"The jury could not agree on their verdict. (Jury is not working as one unit.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"394.26","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","598.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":598.54}
{"page":31,"change":"none","str":"It can sound awkward to use a singular pronoun with a noun that sounds plural. In those","dir":"ltr","width":"466.83","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","558.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":558.9398}
{"page":31,"change":"none","str":"cases, rewrite your sentence by adding a plural noun as the antecedent. ","dir":"ltr","width":"386.05","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","545.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02379999999994,"y":545.1401999999999}
{"page":31,"change":"none","str":"The team members accepted their trophy. (Antecedent is members.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"366.90","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","517.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01985999999994,"y":517.5101999999999}
{"page":31,"change":"none","str":"The jury members handed down their verdict. (Antecedent is members.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"384.90","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","503.71"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":503.71}
{"page":31,"change":"none","str":"Who vs Whom","dir":"ltr","width":"99.89","height":"14.52","transform":["14.52","0.00","0.00","14.52","72.02","487.63"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":487.63}
{"page":31,"change":"none","str":"Who vs whom poses a challenge to many people today. ","dir":"ltr","width":"299.92","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","473.35"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":473.35}
{"page":31,"change":"none","str":" is a subjective case ","dir":"ltr","width":"110.77","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","396.91","473.35"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":396.9101,"y":473.35}
{"page":31,"change":"none","str":"pronoun and works as the subject of a verb. ","dir":"ltr","width":"236.16","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","459.43"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02409999999998,"y":459.43010000000004}
{"page":31,"change":"none","str":"is the subject of the verb) ","dir":"ltr","width":"137.28","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","212.93","431.95"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":212.93035999999995,"y":431.95000000000005}
{"page":31,"change":"none","str":"Who is going to the conference? (","dir":"ltr","width":"179.53","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","418.15"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":418.15}
{"page":31,"change":"none","str":" is the subject of the verb) ","dir":"ltr","width":"140.79","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","312.29","418.15"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":312.28976,"y":418.15}
{"page":31,"change":"none","str":"Who also follows linking verbs and acts as the subject complement. ","dir":"ltr","width":"361.58","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","390.43"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":390.4302}
{"page":31,"change":"none","str":"His manager is who? (","dir":"ltr","width":"119.43","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","362.93"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":362.9302}
{"page":31,"change":"none","str":" follows the linking verb","dir":"ltr","width":"123.85","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","252.17","362.93"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":252.16976,"y":362.9302}
{"page":31,"change":"none","str":" is an objective case pronoun, and acts as the object of the verb or the object of ","dir":"ltr","width":"424.77","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","106.70","335.33"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":106.69999999999999,"y":335.3301}
{"page":31,"change":"none","str":" is not performing the action of the verb. ","dir":"ltr","width":"214.69","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","192.17","321.53"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":192.1699,"y":321.5301}
{"page":31,"change":"none","str":" can either receive ","dir":"ltr","width":"101.52","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","441.55","321.53"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":441.55010000000004,"y":321.5301}
{"page":31,"change":"none","str":"the action of the verb or be the object of the preposition. ","dir":"ltr","width":"299.99","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","307.61"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02410000000003,"y":307.6102}
{"page":31,"change":"none","str":"To whom it may concern: (","dir":"ltr","width":"144.79","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","280.13"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02016000000003,"y":280.1301}
{"page":31,"change":"none","str":"Fred works for whom? (","dir":"ltr","width":"126.05","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","266.33"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":266.33}
{"page":31,"change":"none","str":" is the object of the verb drives) ","dir":"ltr","width":"170.19","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","305.33","252.53"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":305.32995999999997,"y":252.53}
{"page":31,"change":"none","str":" is used as a subjective case pronoun, and ","dir":"ltr","width":"230.14","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","96.74","212.93"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":96.7441,"y":212.93009999999998}
{"page":31,"change":"none","str":" is used as an objective case ","dir":"ltr","width":"156.94","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","358.75","212.93"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":358.75,"y":212.93009999999998}
{"page":31,"change":"none","str":"pronoun. Still not 100 percent clear? There are a few tricks to make this easier. ","dir":"ltr","width":"422.11","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","198.98"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.024,"y":198.9801}
{"page":31,"change":"none","str":" follows a preposition, then the choice is always","dir":"ltr","width":"274.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","158.06","157.58"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":158.06029999999998,"y":157.58009999999996}
{"page":31,"change":"none","str":"at whom, for whom, from whom.","dir":"ltr","width":"183.98","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","143.78"],"fontName":"JSXJHV+Arial,BoldItalic","x":72.02411999999998,"y":143.78009999999995}
{"page":31,"change":"none","str":"Mentally replace the word ","dir":"ltr","width":"150.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","85.46","102.38"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":85.46431999999999,"y":102.38009999999994}
{"page":31,"change":"none","str":"in your sentence with","dir":"ltr","width":"122.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","300.89","102.38"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":300.89002,"y":102.38009999999994}
{"page":31,"change":"none","str":" he ","dir":"ltr","width":"20.60","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","423.67","102.38"],"fontName":"JSXJHV+Arial,BoldItalic","x":423.67002,"y":102.38009999999994}
{"page":31,"change":"none","str":"If your ","dir":"ltr","width":"36.70","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","487.66","102.38"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":487.66022000000004,"y":102.38009999999994}
{"page":31,"change":"none","str":"sentence makes sense switching the word to ","dir":"ltr","width":"241.35","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","88.70"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02422000000001,"y":88.70389999999995}
{"page":31,"change":"none","str":", then ","dir":"ltr","width":"33.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","326.95","88.70"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":326.95042,"y":88.70389999999995}
{"page":31,"change":"none","str":"is the correct choice. Both ","dir":"ltr","width":"141.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","385.63","88.70"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":385.63042,"y":88.70389999999995}
{"page":31,"change":"none","str":" and ","dir":"ltr","width":"26.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","85.46","74.90"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":85.46462000000002,"y":74.90389999999995}
{"page":31,"change":"none","str":" are subjective case pronouns, so they work the same way. If your sentence ","dir":"ltr","width":"405.98","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","134.18","74.90"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":134.18062000000003,"y":74.90389999999995}
{"page":32,"change":"none","str":"makes sense switching the word to ","dir":"ltr","width":"189.42","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","709.08"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416000000005,"y":709.08}
{"page":32,"change":"none","str":", then ","dir":"ltr","width":"33.31","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","280.85","709.08"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":280.85016,"y":709.08}
{"page":32,"change":"none","str":" is the correct choice. Both ","dir":"ltr","width":"144.80","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","346.15","709.08"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":346.15016,"y":709.08}
{"page":32,"change":"none","str":" are objective case pronouns, and they follow the same rules. It is easy to ","dir":"ltr","width":"393.06","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","103.94","695.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":103.93996000000004,"y":695.2601000000001}
{"page":32,"change":"none","str":"remember that ","dir":"ltr","width":"81.38","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","681.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02396000000005,"y":681.4601000000001}
{"page":32,"change":"none","str":" go together because they both end with the letter ","dir":"ltr","width":"266.76","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","231.41","681.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":231.41036000000005,"y":681.4601000000001}
{"page":32,"change":"none","str":"Who/whom brought the doughnuts? ","dir":"ltr","width":"196.81","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","653.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02018000000004,"y":653.7398000000001}
{"page":32,"change":"none","str":" brought the doughnuts. (Correct! This makes sense.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"287.43","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","123.38","639.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":123.38006,"y":639.94}
{"page":32,"change":"none","str":" brought the doughnuts. (Incorrect. This does not make sense.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"338.22","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","129.38","626.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":129.38006,"y":626.14}
{"page":32,"change":"none","str":"The correct choice is: Who brought the doughnuts? ","dir":"ltr","width":"278.91","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","612.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":612.34}
{"page":32,"change":"none","str":"This trick doesn‟t work for every sentence. If it doesn‟t work for your sentence, the next ","dir":"ltr","width":"462.67","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","570.94"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":570.9398}
{"page":32,"change":"none","str":"trick will work. ","dir":"ltr","width":"77.24","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","557.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":557.1398}
{"page":32,"change":"none","str":" phrases are often questions. One trick to discovering whether to use ","dir":"ltr","width":"368.91","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","147.98","529.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":147.98000000000002,"y":529.6296}
{"page":32,"change":"none","str":" is to just answer the question. If the answer could be","dir":"ltr","width":"282.09","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","117.98","515.83"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":117.98029999999997,"y":515.8296}
{"page":32,"change":"none","str":", then ","dir":"ltr","width":"33.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","417.07","515.83"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":417.07033,"y":515.8296}
{"page":32,"change":"none","str":" is the ","dir":"ltr","width":"35.35","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","472.42","515.83"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":472.42033000000004,"y":515.8296}
{"page":32,"change":"none","str":"correct choice for your sentence. If the answer could be ","dir":"ltr","width":"301.58","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","502.03"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02433000000002,"y":502.0296}
{"page":32,"change":"none","str":", then ","dir":"ltr","width":"33.53","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","392.83","502.03"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":392.83033,"y":502.0296}
{"page":32,"change":"none","str":" is the correct ","dir":"ltr","width":"75.50","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","458.26","502.03"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":458.26043,"y":502.0296}
{"page":32,"change":"none","str":"choice. If the sentence is not a question, you can isolate the ","dir":"ltr","width":"320.78","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","488.23"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02443,"y":488.2296}
{"page":32,"change":"none","str":" phrase and ","dir":"ltr","width":"66.88","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","450.34","488.23"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":450.34033,"y":488.2296}
{"page":32,"change":"none","str":"read it as a question.","dir":"ltr","width":"111.38","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","474.31"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02433000000002,"y":474.3097}
{"page":32,"change":"none","str":"Who/Whom should I thank for this free coffee? (Answer the question.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"373.62","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","446.71"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02039000000002,"y":446.7097}
{"page":32,"change":"none","str":"I should thank ","dir":"ltr","width":"78.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","432.91"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01983999999999,"y":432.91}
{"page":32,"change":"none","str":"I should thank him. (Correct!)","dir":"ltr","width":"154.82","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","419.11"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01983999999999,"y":419.11}
{"page":32,"change":"none","str":"Whom should I thank for this free coffee? (Correct!)","dir":"ltr","width":"272.60","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","377.71"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01984000000002,"y":377.71}
{"page":32,"change":"none","str":"Who/whom is coming to the concert? ","dir":"ltr","width":"200.17","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","350.09"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":350.08979999999997}
{"page":32,"change":"none","str":" is coming to the concert. (Correct!)","dir":"ltr","width":"187.34","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","123.38","336.29"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":123.3801,"y":336.29}
{"page":32,"change":"none","str":" is coming to the concert. (Wrong.)","dir":"ltr","width":"183.55","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","129.38","322.49"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":129.3801,"y":322.49}
{"page":32,"change":"none","str":"Who is coming to the concert? (Correct!)","dir":"ltr","width":"215.43","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","281.09"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01984000000002,"y":281.09}
{"page":32,"change":"none","str":"I do not care who/whom she took to the dance. (This is not a question, so isolate","dir":"ltr","width":"426.85","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","253.49"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":253.48979999999997}
{"page":32,"change":"none","str":" phrase and read it as a question.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"185.43","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","185.42","239.81"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":185.42000000000002,"y":239.81}
{"page":32,"change":"none","str":"Who/whom did she take to the dance? (The ","dir":"ltr","width":"235.69","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","226.01"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02000000000001,"y":226.01}
{"page":32,"change":"none","str":" phrase is isolated as a ","dir":"ltr","width":"126.20","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","400.87","226.01"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":400.8698,"y":226.01}
{"page":32,"change":"none","str":"She took him to the dance. (Correct!)","dir":"ltr","width":"196.85","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","198.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01999999999998,"y":198.2603}
{"page":32,"change":"none","str":"She took ","dir":"ltr","width":"50.83","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","184.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":184.46}
{"page":32,"change":"none","str":" to the dance. (Wrong.)","dir":"ltr","width":"122.59","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","172.22","184.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":172.21999999999997,"y":184.46}
{"page":32,"change":"none","str":"I do not care whom she took to the dance. (Correct!)","dir":"ltr","width":"277.48","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","170.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":170.66}
{"page":32,"change":"none","str":"Academy of Learning Video on who/whom: ","dir":"ltr","width":"231.33","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","143.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":143.0602}
{"page":33,"change":"none","str":" is a possessive pronoun. It is the possessive form of the pronoun ","dir":"ltr","width":"351.27","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","109.46","692.38"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":109.4601,"y":692.38}
{"page":33,"change":"none","str":"can refer to people or things. Do not confuse ","dir":"ltr","width":"240.02","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","678.58"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02440000000001,"y":678.58}
{"page":33,"change":"none","str":" with the contraction ","dir":"ltr","width":"109.94","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","346.99","678.58"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":346.9903,"y":678.58}
{"page":33,"change":"none","str":" is ","dir":"ltr","width":"15.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","527.50","678.58"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":527.50041,"y":678.58}
{"page":33,"change":"none","str":"a contraction of words ","dir":"ltr","width":"120.74","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","664.78"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02440999999999,"y":664.7800000000001}
{"page":33,"change":"none","str":" or ","dir":"ltr","width":"17.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","226.85","664.78"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":226.85050999999999,"y":664.7800000000001}
{"page":33,"change":"none","str":"Do you know ","dir":"ltr","width":"72.64","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","609.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":609.46}
{"page":33,"change":"none","str":" coming to the conference? (contraction) ","dir":"ltr","width":"218.16","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","211.37","609.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":211.36986,"y":609.46}
{"page":33,"change":"none","str":" responded to the invitation? (contraction) ","dir":"ltr","width":"224.19","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","141.50","595.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":141.49996,"y":595.66}
{"page":33,"change":"none","str":"Verbs show the action or the state of being in a sentence. Imagine these senten","dir":"ltr","width":"423.28","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","421.99"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":421.98979999999995}
{"page":33,"change":"none","str":"without verbs. They do not make sense without verbs. ","dir":"ltr","width":"289.28","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","408.19"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":408.18979999999993}
{"page":33,"change":"none","str":" the new manager. (State of being) ","dir":"ltr","width":"188.07","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","142.10","366.77"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":142.0999,"y":366.77}
{"page":33,"change":"none","str":"Sarah flew to Hawaii. (Action) ","dir":"ltr","width":"160.69","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","352.97"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":352.97}
{"page":33,"change":"none","str":"Types of Verbs","dir":"ltr","width":"129.01","height":"18.00","transform":["18.00","0.00","0.00","18.00","72.02","299.21"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":299.21000000000004}
{"page":33,"change":"none","str":"Verbs can be sorted into three different categories: action verbs, linking verbs, and ","dir":"ltr","width":"440.73","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","283.97"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":283.97}
{"page":33,"change":"none","str":"show the action in a sentence. ","dir":"ltr","width":"164.79","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","162.98","223.61"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":162.97995,"y":223.61020000000002}
{"page":33,"change":"none","str":" and ","dir":"ltr","width":"26.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","496.18","223.61"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":496.17994999999996,"y":223.61020000000002}
{"page":33,"change":"none","str":"are all action verbs. Action verbs can be sorted even more. Action verbs are either ","dir":"ltr","width":"439.69","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","96.74","209.33"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":96.7441,"y":209.33}
{"page":33,"change":"none","str":" transfers its action onto a direct object. It helps that both transitive ","dir":"ltr","width":"355.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","165.38","167.78"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":165.38029,"y":167.78000000000003}
{"page":33,"change":"none","str":"and transfer begin with trans-","dir":"ltr","width":"155.58","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","153.98"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02399,"y":153.98000000000002}
{"page":33,"change":"none","str":"Fred made soup. (","dir":"ltr","width":"98.16","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","126.50"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02005,"y":126.49990000000001}
{"page":33,"change":"none","str":" is a transitive verb. It transfers the action ","dir":"ltr","width":"221.99","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","236.21","126.50"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":236.21025,"y":126.49990000000001}
{"page":33,"change":"none","str":" to the ","dir":"ltr","width":"36.66","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","488.38","126.50"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":488.38025,"y":126.49990000000001}
{"page":33,"change":"none","str":" is a transitive verb and needs a direct object in ","dir":"ltr","width":"253.35","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","260.21","98.90"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":260.21026,"y":98.9038}
{"page":33,"change":"none","str":"order for the sentence to make sense. This sentence does not make any","dir":"ltr","width":"384.68","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","84.98"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02026000000001,"y":84.9839}
{"page":34,"change":"none","str":" does not have a direct object. Intransitive verbs do not need direct ","dir":"ltr","width":"356.73","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","182.66","695.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":182.66046000000006,"y":695.1402}
{"page":34,"change":"none","str":"objects in order for the sentence to make sense. ","dir":"ltr","width":"259.28","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","681.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02446000000006,"y":681.3402000000001}
{"page":34,"change":"none","str":" is an intransitive verb. It does not need a direct object to ","dir":"ltr","width":"303.45","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","188.06","653.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":188.0608200000001,"y":653.8601000000001}
{"page":34,"change":"none","str":"complete the meaning of the sentence.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"214.21","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","639.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":639.94}
{"page":34,"change":"none","str":" is an intransitive verb. It does not need a direct object to ","dir":"ltr","width":"303.17","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","214.85","626.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":214.85005999999998,"y":626.2603}
{"page":34,"change":"none","str":"complete the meaning of the sentence.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"214.21","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","612.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":612.34}
{"page":34,"change":"none","str":"Most verbs are both transitive and intransitive. It just depends on how the verb is being ","dir":"ltr","width":"462.67","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","584.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0239,"y":584.7396}
{"page":34,"change":"none","str":"used in a sentence. ","dir":"ltr","width":"107.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","570.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0239,"y":570.9396}
{"page":34,"change":"none","str":" is the direct object and is receiving the action ","dir":"ltr","width":"245.29","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","296.81","529.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":296.81016,"y":529.63}
{"page":34,"change":"none","str":"of the verb","dir":"ltr","width":"56.70","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","515.83"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":515.83}
{"page":34,"change":"none","str":"There is a quick way to figure out if a verb is transitive or intransitive. Immediately after ","dir":"ltr","width":"462.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","488.11"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02399999999999,"y":488.11010000000005}
{"page":34,"change":"none","str":"the verb, ask the question ","dir":"ltr","width":"140.73","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","474.43"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02399999999999,"y":474.43000000000006}
{"page":34,"change":"none","str":" or ","dir":"ltr","width":"17.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","251.57","474.43"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":251.5698,"y":474.43000000000006}
{"page":34,"change":"none","str":" If you can answer the question with ","dir":"ltr","width":"194.04","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","301.01","474.43"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":301.01009999999997,"y":474.43000000000006}
{"page":34,"change":"none","str":"information in the sentence, then that is the direct object. Transitive verbs have dir","dir":"ltr","width":"434.55","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","460.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02409999999998,"y":460.5101000000001}
{"page":34,"change":"none","str":"Dan flew the airplane. ","dir":"ltr","width":"119.24","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","316.97","419.23"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":316.97025999999994,"y":419.2300000000001}
{"page":34,"change":"none","str":" is the ","dir":"ltr","width":"35.35","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","480.46","419.23"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":480.46016,"y":419.2300000000001}
{"page":34,"change":"none","str":" is a transitive verb.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"110.62","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","204.89","405.43"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":204.88989999999998,"y":405.43}
{"page":34,"change":"none","str":"Fred drove the kids to school. (Fred drove ","dir":"ltr","width":"226.07","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","391.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01995999999998,"y":391.63}
{"page":34,"change":"none","str":" Fred drove the kids. ","dir":"ltr","width":"112.77","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","372.79","391.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":372.78986,"y":391.63}
{"page":34,"change":"none","str":"as the direct object for the transitive verb ","dir":"ltr","width":"219.26","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","377.83"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":377.83}
{"page":34,"change":"none","str":"For more help with transitive and intransitive verbs: ","dir":"ltr","width":"273.97","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","350.09"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02382,"y":350.08979999999997}
{"page":34,"change":"none","str":" (Video on Transitive and Intransitive ","dir":"ltr","width":"201.37","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","340.03","336.29"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":340.03,"y":336.29}
{"page":34,"change":"none","str":"Linking verbs describe a state of being. They link the subject to more information about","dir":"ltr","width":"461.07","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","213.89"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":213.89}
{"page":34,"change":"none","str":"the subject. All forms of the verb ","dir":"ltr","width":"174.66","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","200.18"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02380000000005,"y":200.18019999999999}
{"page":34,"change":"none","str":" are linking verbs (","dir":"ltr","width":"97.79","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","260.33","200.18"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":260.33000000000004,"y":200.18019999999999}
{"page":34,"change":"none","str":"is, am, are, was, were,","dir":"ltr","width":"120.24","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","358.15","200.18"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":358.14990000000006,"y":200.18019999999999}
{"page":34,"change":"none","str":" and ","dir":"ltr","width":"26.59","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","478.54","200.18"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":478.53990000000005,"y":200.18019999999999}
{"page":34,"change":"none","str":"). Linking verbs connect subjects to their complements. A complement completes ","dir":"ltr","width":"433.21","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","98.78","186.38"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":98.78430000000003,"y":186.38019999999997}
{"page":34,"change":"none","str":"the meaning of the subject. ","dir":"ltr","width":"147.34","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","172.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02410000000003,"y":172.46029999999996}
{"page":34,"change":"none","str":" the boss. (The linking verb","dir":"ltr","width":"144.09","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","146.54","144.98"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":146.54010000000002,"y":144.98019999999994}
{"page":34,"change":"none","str":" to the complement, ","dir":"ltr","width":"108.72","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","360.07","144.98"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":360.0701,"y":144.98019999999994}
{"page":34,"change":"none","str":" is ","dir":"ltr","width":"15.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","280.13","131.18"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":280.12996,"y":131.18}
{"page":34,"change":"none","str":" to the complement,","dir":"ltr","width":"105.45","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","342.91","131.18"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":342.91006,"y":131.18}
{"page":34,"change":"none","str":"The car was dirty. (The linking verb ","dir":"ltr","width":"190.03","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","117.38"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":117.38}
{"page":34,"change":"none","str":" to the complement, ","dir":"ltr","width":"108.61","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","366.91","117.38"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":366.90996,"y":117.38}
{"page":34,"change":"none","str":"Some sensing verbs act as both linking verbs and action verbs. ","dir":"ltr","width":"338.64","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","89.78"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":89.784}
{"page":34,"change":"none","str":", and ","dir":"ltr","width":"30.06","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","187.46","75.98"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":187.4598,"y":75.98400000000001}
{"page":34,"change":"none","str":" are all verbs that describe the senses. Sometimes ","dir":"ltr","width":"272.06","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","251.45","75.98"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":251.4496,"y":75.98400000000001}
{"page":35,"change":"none","str":"these verbs play on the linking verb team, and other times they play on the action verb ","dir":"ltr","width":"460.54","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","708.96"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416000000005,"y":708.96}
{"page":35,"change":"none","str":"team. How can you tell which team they are playing on? There is a quick trick. If you ","dir":"ltr","width":"449.42","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","695.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416000000005,"y":695.1401000000001}
{"page":35,"change":"none","str":"can replace the sensing verb with a variation of the verb ","dir":"ltr","width":"300.07","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","681.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416000000005,"y":681.46}
{"page":35,"change":"none","str":", and the sentence still ","dir":"ltr","width":"122.65","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","385.75","681.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":385.7500600000001,"y":681.46}
{"page":35,"change":"none","str":"makes sense, then the verb is a linking verb.","dir":"ltr","width":"236.55","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","667.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02406000000008,"y":667.5397}
{"page":35,"change":"none","str":"Is that an action verb or a linking verb? Replace the verb ","dir":"ltr","width":"303.22","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","222.17","639.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":222.17012000000008,"y":639.9397}
{"page":35,"change":"none","str":"with a variation of the verb ","dir":"ltr","width":"143.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","626.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":626.26}
{"page":35,"change":"none","str":" The cat is bad","dir":"ltr","width":"78.64","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","268.25","626.26"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":268.25006,"y":626.26}
{"page":35,"change":"none","str":". That still makes sense. ","dir":"ltr","width":"131.87","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","346.99","626.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":346.98986,"y":626.26}
{"page":35,"change":"none","str":" is ","dir":"ltr","width":"15.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","514.90","626.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":514.89996,"y":626.26}
{"page":35,"change":"none","str":"working as a linking verb. The meaning of the sentence: the cat stinks. ","dir":"ltr","width":"380.34","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","612.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01995999999997,"y":612.3401}
{"page":35,"change":"none","str":" Is that an action verb or a linking verb? Replace the verb ","dir":"ltr","width":"306.68","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","228.77","598.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":228.76991999999996,"y":598.5397}
{"page":35,"change":"none","str":"with a variation of the verb ","dir":"ltr","width":"143.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","584.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":584.86}
{"page":35,"change":"none","str":"The cat is badly","dir":"ltr","width":"83.98","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","271.61","584.86"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":271.61021,"y":584.86}
{"page":35,"change":"none","str":". That doesn‟t make any sense. ","dir":"ltr","width":"170.09","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","355.63","584.86"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":355.63011,"y":584.86}
{"page":35,"change":"none","str":" is an action verb. The meaning of the sentence: the cat has trouble ","dir":"ltr","width":"361.54","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","143.90","571.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":143.90021,"y":571.0600000000001}
{"page":35,"change":"none","str":" Action verb or linking verb?","dir":"ltr","width":"147.95","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","193.37","543.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":193.37007,"y":543.46}
{"page":35,"change":"none","str":" She is happy","dir":"ltr","width":"72.89","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","341.47","543.46"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":341.47006999999996,"y":543.46}
{"page":35,"change":"none","str":". That makes sense. In ","dir":"ltr","width":"124.65","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","414.31","543.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":414.31026999999995,"y":543.46}
{"page":35,"change":"none","str":" is a linking verb. ","dir":"ltr","width":"96.13","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","178.10","529.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":178.1001,"y":529.63}
{"page":35,"change":"none","str":"She felt the wind in her hair.","dir":"ltr","width":"160.21","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","515.83"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":108.01996,"y":515.83}
{"page":35,"change":"none","str":" Action verb or linking verb? ","dir":"ltr","width":"151.21","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","268.13","515.83"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":268.12996,"y":515.83}
{"page":35,"change":"none","str":"She is the wind in her ","dir":"ltr","width":"118.14","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","419.47","515.83"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":419.46996,"y":515.83}
{"page":35,"change":"none","str":"No, that doesn‟t make any sense. ","dir":"ltr","width":"181.35","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","134.78","502.03"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":134.78016,"y":502.03}
{"page":35,"change":"none","str":"is an action verb in this case. ","dir":"ltr","width":"160.81","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","339.67","502.03"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":339.67016,"y":502.03}
{"page":35,"change":"none","str":"Helping verbs show up in sentences to help out other verbs. Helping verbs never show ","dir":"ltr","width":"462.56","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","455.47"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":455.47}
{"page":35,"change":"none","str":"up on their own. Instead, they help other verbs (linking and action) form verb phrases. ","dir":"ltr","width":"457.69","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","441.67"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":441.67}
{"page":35,"change":"none","str":"The main helping verbs are all variations of the verb ","dir":"ltr","width":"278.73","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","427.99"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":427.98990000000003}
{"page":35,"change":"none","str":". If a variation of the verb ","dir":"ltr","width":"135.21","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","364.39","427.99"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":364.3897,"y":427.98990000000003}
{"page":35,"change":"none","str":"appears in the sentence on its own, then it is always a linking verb. If it shows up as pa","dir":"ltr","width":"459.89","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","414.07"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02350000000001,"y":414.07000000000005}
{"page":35,"change":"none","str":"of a verb phrase, then it is a helping verb. There are 23 helping verbs:","dir":"ltr","width":"370.25","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","400.39"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02350000000007,"y":400.38990000000007}
{"page":35,"change":"none","str":" am, is, are, was, ","dir":"ltr","width":"93.99","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","442.39","400.39"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":442.38950000000006,"y":400.38990000000007}
{"page":35,"change":"none","str":"were, be, been, being, has, have, had, do, does, did, may, must, might, can,","dir":"ltr","width":"403.37","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","386.59"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":72.02350000000007,"y":386.58990000000006}
{"page":35,"change":"none","str":" and ","dir":"ltr","width":"26.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","165.50","372.79"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":165.49970000000008,"y":372.78990000000005}
{"page":35,"change":"none","str":" is the helping verb. ","dir":"ltr","width":"107.28","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","247.49","345.17"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":247.48983,"y":345.17}
{"page":35,"change":"none","str":" is the main verb. ","dir":"ltr","width":"94.70","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","398.95","345.17"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":398.94963,"y":345.17}
{"page":35,"change":"none","str":" is a verb phrase.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"99.37","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","149.42","331.37"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":149.42,"y":331.37}
{"page":35,"change":"none","str":" show you the report. (","dir":"ltr","width":"119.49","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","158.66","317.57"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":158.66016,"y":317.57}
{"page":35,"change":"none","str":" is the helping verb. ","dir":"ltr","width":"107.16","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","300.29","317.57"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":300.28986,"y":317.57}
{"page":35,"change":"none","str":"is the main verb. ","dir":"ltr","width":"91.22","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","441.07","317.57"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":441.06996,"y":317.57}
{"page":35,"change":"none","str":" is a verb phrase.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"99.37","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","161.42","303.77"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":161.42,"y":303.77}
{"page":35,"change":"none","str":"Active Voice and Passive Voice","dir":"ltr","width":"268.96","height":"18.00","transform":["18.00","0.00","0.00","18.00","72.02","244.73"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02389999999998,"y":244.7301}
{"page":35,"change":"none","str":"Transitive verbs can be sorted even further into active voice and passive voice. In ","dir":"ltr","width":"435.32","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","229.49"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":229.49}
{"page":35,"change":"none","str":", the subject is performing the action in the sentence. It is very direct. ","dir":"ltr","width":"367.95","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","140.06","215.69"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":140.06009999999998,"y":215.69}
{"page":35,"change":"none","str":"Active voice is very clear, strong, and effective. ","dir":"ltr","width":"252.60","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","201.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02379999999998,"y":201.8603}
{"page":35,"change":"none","str":"Fred cooked dinner. (Fred is performing the action of the verb.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"337.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","174.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01985999999997,"y":174.26029999999997}
{"page":35,"change":"none","str":"Mary ran the race. (Mary is performing the action of the verb.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"330.27","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","160.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":160.46}
{"page":35,"change":"none","str":"Dan sent an email to Sarah. (Dan is performing the action of the verb.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"376.98","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","146.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":146.66}
{"page":35,"change":"none","str":" the direct object of the verb becomes the subject of the sentence. The ","dir":"ltr","width":"377.43","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","163.46","119.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":163.4601,"y":119.0602}
{"page":35,"change":"none","str":"subject of the sentence is not performing the action of the verb in passive sentences","dir":"ltr","width":"446.13","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","105.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02380000000001,"y":105.2602}
{"page":35,"change":"none","str":"Often these sentences omit who is performing the action of the sentence.","dir":"ltr","width":"388.05","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","91.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02380000000005,"y":91.4641}
{"page":35,"change":"none","str":" These ","dir":"ltr","width":"40.02","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","459.97","91.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":459.97380000000004,"y":91.4641}
{"page":35,"change":"none","str":"sentences are vague about who performed the action of the sentence. Politician","dir":"ltr","width":"423.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","77.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02380000000005,"y":77.6641}
{"page":35,"change":"none","str":"s often ","dir":"ltr","width":"39.31","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","495.35","77.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":495.35480000000007,"y":77.6641}
{"page":36,"change":"none","str":"use passive voice to avoid assigning blame. Because these sentences are vague about ","dir":"ltr","width":"467.47","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","708.96"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416000000005,"y":708.96}
{"page":36,"change":"none","str":"who is performing the action in the sentence, the focus of the sentence becomes the ","dir":"ltr","width":"450.75","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","695.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416000000005,"y":695.1401000000001}
{"page":36,"change":"none","str":"The dinner was cooked. (Who cooked the dinner?) ","dir":"ltr","width":"272.19","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","653.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02022000000004,"y":653.7397000000001}
{"page":36,"change":"none","str":"The race was run. (Who ran the race?) ","dir":"ltr","width":"209.53","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","639.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":639.94}
{"page":36,"change":"none","str":"An email was sent to Sarah. (Who sent the email to Sarah?) ","dir":"ltr","width":"322.23","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","626.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":626.14}
{"page":36,"change":"none","str":"Active voice is usually shorter, clearer, and more direct than passive voice. In most ","dir":"ltr","width":"442.07","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","598.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":598.5398}
{"page":36,"change":"none","str":"cases, active voice is the preferred way to get your point across. Passive voice can ","dir":"ltr","width":"443.37","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","584.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":584.7398000000001}
{"page":36,"change":"none","str":"sound wordy, awkward, and weaker than active voice. There are some instances when","dir":"ltr","width":"460.48","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","570.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":570.9398000000001}
{"page":36,"change":"none","str":"passive voice is preferred. News reporters often speak in passive voice when they do ","dir":"ltr","width":"455.53","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","557.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02379999999994,"y":557.1402}
{"page":36,"change":"none","str":"not know who performed the action. For example, “Cars were stolen.” Who stole the ","dir":"ltr","width":"447.96","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","543.34"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":72.02379999999994,"y":543.3402000000001}
{"page":36,"change":"none","str":"cars? If you do not know, then passive voice is an appropriate choice. ","dir":"ltr","width":"372.65","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","529.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02379999999994,"y":529.5101000000001}
{"page":36,"change":"none","str":"Verbs do more than just show the action. Verbs reveal four additional things: 1. the ","dir":"ltr","width":"445.54","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","448.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":448.51}
{"page":36,"change":"none","str":"number of subjects performing the action (singular or plural); 2. the person speaking ","dir":"ltr","width":"448.57","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","434.71"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":434.71}
{"page":36,"change":"none","str":"(first, second, third); 3. the voice (active or passive); and 4. when the action happened","dir":"ltr","width":"455.32","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","420.91"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":420.90999999999997}
{"page":36,"change":"none","str":"Verbs have a lot of work to do in a sentence!","dir":"ltr","width":"236.91","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","407.11"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":407.10999999999996}
{"page":36,"change":"none","str":"verbs show action that is currently happening or a habitual action. ","dir":"ltr","width":"351.37","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","171.14","377.23"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":171.13979999999998,"y":377.22989999999993}
{"page":36,"change":"none","str":"Fred and Mary walk five miles every evening. (habitual action) ","dir":"ltr","width":"332.31","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","349.01"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":349.00999999999993}
{"page":36,"change":"none","str":"Mary drives the car to work. (habitual action) ","dir":"ltr","width":"239.43","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","335.21"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":335.21}
{"page":36,"change":"none","str":"verbs show action that happened in the past. Regular verbs form the past ","dir":"ltr","width":"392.69","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","148.58","305.33"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":148.5801,"y":305.33009999999996}
{"page":36,"change":"none","str":"tense by adding -ed or -d. ","dir":"ltr","width":"140.13","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","290.93"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":290.9301}
{"page":36,"change":"none","str":"Sarah traveled to Hawaii. (Event happened in the past) ","dir":"ltr","width":"294.87","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","263.33"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":263.33009999999996}
{"page":36,"change":"none","str":"Dan worked on the report. (Event happened in the past) ","dir":"ltr","width":"299.67","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","249.53"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":249.53}
{"page":36,"change":"none","str":"verbs show action that will happen in the future. The helping verb ","dir":"ltr","width":"348.51","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","162.26","219.65"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":162.26013,"y":219.6501}
{"page":36,"change":"none","str":" is ","dir":"ltr","width":"15.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","527.86","219.65"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":527.86023,"y":219.6501}
{"page":36,"change":"none","str":"added to the principal verb to form the future tense. ","dir":"ltr","width":"275.32","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","205.37"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02422999999999,"y":205.37}
{"page":36,"change":"none","str":"is another helping verb that ","dir":"ltr","width":"147.92","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","377.71","205.37"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":377.71022999999997,"y":205.37}
{"page":36,"change":"none","str":"can be used to form the future tense, but it is not as common. ","dir":"ltr","width":"329.31","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","191.42"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02422999999999,"y":191.42000000000002}
{"page":36,"change":"none","str":"Dave will travel to Las Vegas next week. (Event will happen in the future) ","dir":"ltr","width":"390.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","163.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02028999999999,"y":163.93990000000002}
{"page":36,"change":"none","str":"You will receive an invitation in the mail. (Event will happen in the future) ","dir":"ltr","width":"387.66","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","150.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":150.14}
{"page":36,"change":"none","str":"Present Tense Past Tense Future Tense ","dir":"ltr","width":"380.78","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","154.10","96.74"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":154.10009999999997,"y":96.74430000000001}
{"page":37,"change":"none","str":"I will walk","dir":"ltr","width":"50.51","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","409.27","677.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":409.27,"y":677.86}
{"page":37,"change":"none","str":"we will ","dir":"ltr","width":"38.60","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","490.54","677.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":490.54,"y":677.86}
{"page":37,"change":"none","str":"you will walk","dir":"ltr","width":"66.56","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","409.27","639.10"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":409.27,"y":639.1}
{"page":37,"change":"none","str":"you will ","dir":"ltr","width":"42.54","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","490.54","639.10"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":490.54,"y":639.1}
{"page":37,"change":"none","str":"he, she, it ","dir":"ltr","width":"55.34","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","145.34","600.22"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":145.34,"y":600.22}
{"page":37,"change":"none","str":"he, she, it ","dir":"ltr","width":"55.34","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","271.61","600.22"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":271.61,"y":600.22}
{"page":37,"change":"none","str":"he, she, it ","dir":"ltr","width":"55.45","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","409.27","600.22"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":409.27,"y":600.22}
{"page":37,"change":"none","str":"they will ","dir":"ltr","width":"45.92","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","490.54","600.22"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":490.54,"y":600.22}
{"page":37,"change":"none","str":"Note that third-person singular verbs are different than all of the other present tense ","dir":"ltr","width":"446.80","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","525.19"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":525.1899000000001}
{"page":37,"change":"none","str":"verbs. Third-person singular verbs require an -s ending. Add -es if the verb ends in","dir":"ltr","width":"438.38","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","511.39"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":511.38990000000007}
{"page":37,"change":"none","str":"sh, ch, x, or z. ","dir":"ltr","width":"77.89","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","497.59"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":497.58950000000004}
{"page":37,"change":"none","str":"Mary drives (not drive) the kids to school. ","dir":"ltr","width":"225.51","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","442.39"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":442.39}
{"page":37,"change":"none","str":"What are participles? Participles are another form that a verb takes. ","dir":"ltr","width":"362.31","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","169.22","383.47"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":169.21983999999998,"y":383.46979999999996}
{"page":37,"change":"none","str":"Every verb has five forms: present, past, present participle, past participle, and","dir":"ltr","width":"416.56","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","368.21"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":368.21}
{"page":37,"change":"none","str":"Participles come in two varieties, present and past, and they are used in three differe","dir":"ltr","width":"449.47","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","354.41"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":354.40999999999997}
{"page":37,"change":"none","str":" are formed by adding -ing to the present tense of a verb. This is ","dir":"ltr","width":"344.02","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","179.54","313.01"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":179.5398,"y":313.00999999999993}
{"page":37,"change":"none","str":"the case for all regular verbs and all irregular verbs. Present participles always end in -","dir":"ltr","width":"458.99","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","299.21"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02380000000001,"y":299.2099999999999}
{"page":37,"change":"none","str":"ing. This is always the case, and there are no exceptions. ","dir":"ltr","width":"308.00","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","285.53"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02380000000001,"y":285.52989999999994}
{"page":37,"change":"none","str":"of regular verbs are formed by adding -d or -ed to the present tense of ","dir":"ltr","width":"374.77","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","164.18","106.10"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":164.18009999999998,"y":106.10019999999999}
{"page":37,"change":"none","str":"a verb. Unfortunately, irregular verbs do not follow any established rule. Be sure to lo","dir":"ltr","width":"449.20","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","92.30"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02379999999998,"y":92.30409999999999}
{"page":37,"change":"none","str":"them up in a dictionary. A dictionary will list the past participle form of the verb. ","dir":"ltr","width":"419.24","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","78.50"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":78.5041}
{"page":38,"change":"none","str":"Why are participles important? Participles are important to learn because they are used ","dir":"ltr","width":"466.08","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","489.91"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":489.91010000000006}
{"page":38,"change":"none","str":"three different ways. ","dir":"ltr","width":"111.21","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","476.11"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":476.11010000000005}
{"page":38,"change":"none","str":"Participles combine with helping verbs to form verb phrases.","dir":"ltr","width":"347.99","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","85.46","434.71"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":85.464,"y":434.7101}
{"page":38,"change":"none","str":"participles nor past participles can act as a verb in a sentence without helping verbs. ","dir":"ltr","width":"449.98","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","420.91"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.024,"y":420.9101}
{"page":38,"change":"none","str":"Helping verbs are required for a participle to work as a verb. ","dir":"ltr","width":"321.31","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","407.11"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.024,"y":407.1101}
{"page":38,"change":"none","str":" is the helping verb. ","dir":"ltr","width":"107.16","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","290.33","379.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":290.33032000000003,"y":379.63}
{"page":38,"change":"none","str":" is the present ","dir":"ltr","width":"78.64","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","441.79","379.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":441.79012000000006,"y":379.63}
{"page":38,"change":"none","str":"participle of the verb ","dir":"ltr","width":"111.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","365.81"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":365.81}
{"page":38,"change":"none","str":"Dave was ","dir":"ltr","width":"55.90","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","352.01"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01995999999997,"y":352.01}
{"page":38,"change":"none","str":" to attend the concert. (","dir":"ltr","width":"123.38","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","214.01","352.01"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":214.01015999999996,"y":352.01}
{"page":38,"change":"none","str":"is the helping verb. ","dir":"ltr","width":"103.93","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","364.87","352.01"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":364.8702599999999,"y":352.01}
{"page":38,"change":"none","str":" is ","dir":"ltr","width":"15.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","515.74","352.01"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":515.7402599999999,"y":352.01}
{"page":38,"change":"none","str":"the present participle of the verb ","dir":"ltr","width":"174.67","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","338.21"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":338.21}
{"page":38,"change":"none","str":" the milkshake perfectly. (","dir":"ltr","width":"135.89","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","207.53","324.41"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":207.53032999999996,"y":324.40999999999997}
{"page":38,"change":"none","str":" is the helping verb. ","dir":"ltr","width":"107.27","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","365.59","324.41"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":365.59004999999996,"y":324.40999999999997}
{"page":38,"change":"none","str":" is ","dir":"ltr","width":"15.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","517.06","324.41"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":517.06025,"y":324.40999999999997}
{"page":38,"change":"none","str":"the past participle of the verb ","dir":"ltr","width":"157.34","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","310.61"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":310.61}
{"page":38,"change":"none","str":" is the helping verb. ","dir":"ltr","width":"107.15","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","286.97","296.81"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":286.97034,"y":296.81}
{"page":38,"change":"none","str":" is the past ","dir":"ltr","width":"61.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","435.07","296.81"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":435.07034000000004,"y":296.81}
{"page":38,"change":"none","str":"participle of the verb ","dir":"ltr","width":"111.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","283.01"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":283.01}
{"page":38,"change":"none","str":"Present and past participles can also work as adjectives.","dir":"ltr","width":"323.87","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","85.46","241.49"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":85.464,"y":241.4897}
{"page":38,"change":"none","str":"nouns or pronouns. ","dir":"ltr","width":"106.79","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","227.69"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.024,"y":227.6897}
{"page":38,"change":"none","str":"Sarah enjoyed her ","dir":"ltr","width":"101.42","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","214.01"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01996,"y":214.01}
{"page":38,"change":"none","str":" is ","dir":"ltr","width":"15.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","494.98","214.01"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":494.98036,"y":214.01}
{"page":38,"change":"none","str":"describing the lessons.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"129.37","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","200.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02036000000004,"y":200.06}
{"page":38,"change":"none","str":" faucet kept them awake. (The present participle ","dir":"ltr","width":"259.16","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","180.14","186.38"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":180.14022000000006,"y":186.3799}
{"page":38,"change":"none","str":" is ","dir":"ltr","width":"15.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","482.38","186.38"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":482.38022000000007,"y":186.3799}
{"page":38,"change":"none","str":"describing the faucet.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"121.45","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","172.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02022000000005,"y":172.45999999999998}
{"page":38,"change":"none","str":" car was towed to the repair shop. (The past participle ","dir":"ltr","width":"288.87","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","180.14","158.78"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":180.14008000000004,"y":158.77989999999997}
{"page":38,"change":"none","str":" is ","dir":"ltr","width":"15.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","513.70","158.78"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":513.70028,"y":158.77989999999997}
{"page":38,"change":"none","str":"describing the car.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"105.37","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","144.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02028000000001,"y":144.85999999999996}
{"page":38,"change":"none","str":" window was repaired quickly. (The past participle ","dir":"ltr","width":"267.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","172.10","131.18"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":172.10034000000002,"y":131.17989999999995}
{"page":38,"change":"none","str":" is ","dir":"ltr","width":"15.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","476.38","131.18"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":476.38034,"y":131.17989999999995}
{"page":38,"change":"none","str":"describing the window.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"128.77","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","117.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02033999999998,"y":117.25999999999995}
{"page":39,"change":"none","str":"3. Present participles can also work as nouns. When present participles are acting as a ","dir":"ltr","width":"464.72","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","708.96"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416000000005,"y":708.96}
{"page":39,"change":"none","str":"noun, they are called ","dir":"ltr","width":"114.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","695.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416000000005,"y":695.1401000000001}
{"page":39,"change":"none","str":". A gerund might look like a verb, but it is acting like a ","dir":"ltr","width":"285.97","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","234.17","695.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":234.16996000000006,"y":695.1401000000001}
{"page":39,"change":"none","str":"noun. Gerunds always end in -ing. ","dir":"ltr","width":"185.50","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","681.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02396000000007,"y":681.3401000000001}
{"page":39,"change":"none","str":" is great exercise. (","dir":"ltr","width":"101.46","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","156.62","653.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":156.62002000000004,"y":653.8600000000001}
{"page":39,"change":"none","str":" is the present participle of the verb ","dir":"ltr","width":"189.79","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","302.93","653.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":302.93022,"y":653.8600000000001}
{"page":39,"change":"none","str":" and ","dir":"ltr","width":"26.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","510.34","653.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":510.34022,"y":653.8600000000001}
{"page":39,"change":"none","str":"is acting as a gerund in this sentence.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"208.21","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","639.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02022,"y":639.9397000000001}
{"page":39,"change":"none","str":"is a winter sport. (","dir":"ltr","width":"94.51","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","147.50","626.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":147.50028,"y":626.2600000000001}
{"page":39,"change":"none","str":" is the present participle of the verb ","dir":"ltr","width":"189.95","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","274.85","626.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":274.85028,"y":626.2600000000001}
{"page":39,"change":"none","str":" and is ","dir":"ltr","width":"38.82","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","479.50","626.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":479.50018,"y":626.2600000000001}
{"page":39,"change":"none","str":"acting as a gerund.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"109.45","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","612.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02017999999998,"y":612.3401000000001}
{"page":39,"change":"none","str":"to new places. (","dir":"ltr","width":"84.10","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","230.81","598.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":230.81044,"y":598.6600000000001}
{"page":39,"change":"none","str":" is the present participle of the ","dir":"ltr","width":"163.29","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","364.27","598.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":364.27013999999997,"y":598.6600000000001}
{"page":39,"change":"none","str":" and is acting as a gerund. ","dir":"ltr","width":"144.11","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","164.06","584.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":164.06033999999997,"y":584.8600000000001}
{"page":39,"change":"none","str":" is the direct object of the verb ","dir":"ltr","width":"163.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","357.67","584.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":357.67013999999995,"y":584.8600000000001}
{"page":39,"change":"none","str":"If a pronoun is modifying a gerund, then it must be in the possessive form.","dir":"ltr","width":"425.84","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","529.51"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02403999999991,"y":529.5100000000002}
{"page":39,"change":"none","str":" There ","dir":"ltr","width":"38.10","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","498.10","529.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":498.1000399999999,"y":529.5100000000002}
{"page":39,"change":"none","str":"are a few exceptions, but it changes the meaning of the sentence. In most cases, the ","dir":"ltr","width":"453.43","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","515.71"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0240399999999,"y":515.7100000000003}
{"page":39,"change":"none","str":"possessive form is needed. ","dir":"ltr","width":"148.65","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","501.91"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0240399999999,"y":501.91000000000025}
{"page":39,"change":"none","str":"She was bothered by his ","dir":"ltr","width":"134.77","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","474.43"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.0200999999999,"y":474.42990000000026}
{"page":39,"change":"none","str":" is a gerund and ","dir":"ltr","width":"89.32","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","447.70","474.43"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":447.69969999999984,"y":474.42990000000026}
{"page":39,"change":"none","str":"requires the possessive pronoun his.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"202.81","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","460.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":460.51}
{"page":39,"change":"none","str":"We objected to your ","dir":"ltr","width":"110.17","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","446.71"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01996,"y":446.71}
{"page":39,"change":"none","str":" the expensive tickets for us. (Not you. We did not ","dir":"ltr","width":"267.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","257.33","446.71"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":257.32986,"y":446.71}
{"page":39,"change":"none","str":"object to you, but to the action of your buying the tickets. ","dir":"ltr","width":"302.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","433.03"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":433.03}
{"page":39,"change":"none","str":" is a gerund and ","dir":"ltr","width":"89.44","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","447.70","433.03"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":447.7,"y":433.03}
{"page":39,"change":"none","str":"requires the possessive pronoun ","dir":"ltr","width":"176.72","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","419.23"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01999999999998,"y":419.22999999999996}
{"page":39,"change":"none","str":"Remember that past and present participles cannot act as a verb without helping verbs.","dir":"ltr","width":"463.16","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","377.71"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02401999999998,"y":377.71009999999995}
{"page":39,"change":"none","str":"If a participle is hanging out in your sentence without helping verbs, it is either acting as ","dir":"ltr","width":"466.03","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","363.89"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02401999999995,"y":363.8898}
{"page":39,"change":"none","str":"an adjective or as a noun (gerund). ","dir":"ltr","width":"189.44","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","350.09"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02401999999995,"y":350.08979999999997}
{"page":39,"change":"none","str":"An infinitive is the word ","dir":"ltr","width":"126.00","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","227.81"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":227.8103}
{"page":39,"change":"none","str":" plus the present form of a verb: ","dir":"ltr","width":"172.58","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","208.25","227.81"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":208.2499,"y":227.8103}
{"page":39,"change":"none","str":"to swim, to run, to catch, to ","dir":"ltr","width":"146.61","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","381.07","227.81"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":381.06989999999996,"y":227.8103}
{"page":39,"change":"none","str":"drive, to learn","dir":"ltr","width":"72.76","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","214.01"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":72.02389999999997,"y":214.0103}
{"page":39,"change":"none","str":". Infinitives can be used as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. ","dir":"ltr","width":"307.19","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","144.86","214.01"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":144.86019999999996,"y":214.0103}
{"page":39,"change":"none","str":" the brussel sprouts. (","dir":"ltr","width":"115.37","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","218.81","186.38"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":218.81045999999992,"y":186.38019999999997}
{"page":39,"change":"none","str":" is the infinitive and is acting as ","dir":"ltr","width":"168.61","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","368.35","186.38"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":368.3505599999999,"y":186.38019999999997}
{"page":39,"change":"none","str":"a noun. It is the direct object of the verb ","dir":"ltr","width":"213.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","172.58"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02055999999993,"y":172.58019999999996}
{"page":39,"change":"none","str":"Fred raced home ","dir":"ltr","width":"94.72","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","158.78"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.0208199999999,"y":158.78019999999995}
{"page":39,"change":"none","str":" the football game. (","dir":"ltr","width":"106.03","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","251.45","158.78"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":251.4509199999999,"y":158.78019999999995}
{"page":39,"change":"none","str":" is the infinitive and is ","dir":"ltr","width":"117.38","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","406.27","158.78"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":406.2708199999999,"y":158.78019999999995}
{"page":39,"change":"none","str":"acting as an adverb. It is modifying the verb ","dir":"ltr","width":"234.73","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","144.98"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.0208199999999,"y":144.98019999999994}
{"page":39,"change":"none","str":"A common error with infinitives happens when people change “to” to the conjunction ","dir":"ltr","width":"448.75","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","117.26"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":72.02481999999986,"y":117.26029999999993}
{"page":39,"change":"none","str":" when you arrive. (Not be sure and call when you arrive.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"304.26","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","187.46","75.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":187.46117999999987,"y":75.86419999999994}
{"page":40,"change":"none","str":" on time. (Not try and arrive on time.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"198.87","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","175.94","708.96"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":175.94012000000004,"y":708.96}
{"page":40,"change":"none","str":"An infinitive is both words:","dir":"ltr","width":"138.72","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","667.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02412000000004,"y":667.66}
{"page":40,"change":"none","str":" plus the present form of the verb. It was once considered a ","dir":"ltr","width":"318.70","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","224.21","667.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":224.21044000000006,"y":667.66}
{"page":40,"change":"none","str":"grammatical crime to add any other words between ","dir":"ltr","width":"275.15","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","653.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02444000000006,"y":653.86}
{"page":40,"change":"none","str":" and the verb. This is called a split ","dir":"ltr","width":"184.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","357.55","653.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":357.55054000000007,"y":653.86}
{"page":40,"change":"none","str":"infinitive. In Latin, infinitives are only one word, so they cannot be split. Two words fo","dir":"ltr","width":"447.90","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","639.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02454000000006,"y":639.9397}
{"page":40,"change":"none","str":"an infinitive in English, but the Latin rule transitioned over to English. The m","dir":"ltr","width":"399.74","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","626.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02454000000012,"y":626.1401}
{"page":40,"change":"none","str":"ost famous ","dir":"ltr","width":"61.97","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","471.84","626.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":471.8355400000001,"y":626.1401}
{"page":40,"change":"none","str":"split infinitive is from Star Trek","dir":"ltr","width":"160.07","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","612.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02454000000012,"y":612.4599999999999}
{"page":40,"change":"none","str":"where no one has gone before.” Not only ","dir":"ltr","width":"220.61","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","311.45","612.46"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":311.45055000000013,"y":612.4599999999999}
{"page":40,"change":"none","str":"did they split the infinitive, but they split it with the word ","dir":"ltr","width":"293.95","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","598.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":598.66}
{"page":40,"change":"none","str":". Fixing the split infinitive ","dir":"ltr","width":"133.31","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","397.63","598.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":397.6297,"y":598.66}
{"page":40,"change":"none","str":"does not sound as catchy, “To go boldly where no one has gone before.” It loses its ","dir":"ltr","width":"445.47","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","584.74"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":72.02370000000002,"y":584.7397}
{"page":40,"change":"none","str":"impact. Split infinitives are considered acceptable today if they are necessary for clarity ","dir":"ltr","width":"463.96","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","570.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02370000000002,"y":570.9397}
{"page":40,"change":"none","str":"or effect. Be aware that splitting infinitives can lead to awkward sentences. ","dir":"ltr","width":"398.05","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","557.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02369999999996,"y":557.1401}
{"page":40,"change":"none","str":", on her way home from work, ","dir":"ltr","width":"161.13","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","189.50","529.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":189.49985999999996,"y":529.51}
{"page":40,"change":"none","str":" her sister. (awkward) ","dir":"ltr","width":"117.85","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","370.99","529.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":370.98965999999996,"y":529.51}
{"page":40,"change":"none","str":"On her way home from work, she decided ","dir":"ltr","width":"225.56","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","515.71"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01971999999995,"y":515.71}
{"page":40,"change":"none","str":" her sister. (better) ","dir":"ltr","width":"101.29","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","368.35","515.71"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":368.34981999999997,"y":515.71}
{"page":40,"change":"none","str":"Participles and gerunds are often used to form phrases; these are called participle ","dir":"ltr","width":"437.97","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","455.47"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":455.47}
{"page":40,"change":"none","str":"phrases. When a participle phrase introduces a sentence, it modifies the subject of the ","dir":"ltr","width":"461.25","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","441.67"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":441.67}
{"page":40,"change":"none","str":"sentence. These phrases are separated from the rest of the sentence with a comma. ","dir":"ltr","width":"452.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","427.87"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":427.87}
{"page":40,"change":"none","str":"ntences can be confusing, and sometimes comical, when the introductory participle ","dir":"ltr","width":"443.96","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","86.78","414.07"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":86.78399999999999,"y":414.07}
{"page":40,"change":"none","str":"phrase does not modify the intended subject. ","dir":"ltr","width":"242.04","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","400.27"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":400.27}
{"page":40,"change":"none","str":"(Illogical) Flying in the airplane, the mountains looked beautiful. ","dir":"ltr","width":"366.51","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","372.67"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":108.01985999999997,"y":372.66999999999996}
{"page":40,"change":"none","str":"introductory phrase modifies the first noun it comes to: mountains. This sentence ","dir":"ltr","width":"431.57","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","358.85"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01985999999994,"y":358.85009999999994}
{"page":40,"change":"none","str":"means that the mountains were flying in an airplane and looking beautiful.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"398.34","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","345.05"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01985999999994,"y":345.05009999999993}
{"page":40,"change":"none","str":"(Correct) Flying in the airplane, Dave looked at the beautiful mountains. ","dir":"ltr","width":"410.49","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","331.25"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":108.01981999999994,"y":331.2500999999999}
{"page":40,"change":"none","str":"(The introductory phrase is modifying Dave. This sentence means that Dave is ","dir":"ltr","width":"419.31","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","317.45"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01981999999994,"y":317.4500999999999}
{"page":40,"change":"none","str":"flying in an airplane and looking at the beautiful mountains.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"319.59","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","303.65"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01981999999994,"y":303.6500999999999}
{"page":40,"change":"none","str":"(Illogical) Standing in line at Starbucks, the cell phone rang. ","dir":"ltr","width":"344.17","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","289.85"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":108.01977999999994,"y":289.8500999999999}
{"page":40,"change":"none","str":"introductory phrase is modifying the cell phone. The sentence means that the","dir":"ltr","width":"409.54","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","276.05"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01977999999997,"y":276.0500999999999}
{"page":40,"change":"none","str":"phone is standing in line at Starbucks.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"209.41","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","262.25"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01977999999997,"y":262.25009999999986}
{"page":40,"change":"none","str":"orrect) Standing in line at Starbucks, Mary heard her cell phone ring. ","dir":"ltr","width":"394.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","120.62","248.45"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":120.61973999999996,"y":248.45009999999985}
{"page":40,"change":"none","str":"introductory phrase is modifying Mary. This sentence means that Mary is ","dir":"ltr","width":"388.48","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","234.65"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01973999999996,"y":234.65009999999984}
{"page":40,"change":"none","str":"standing in line, and she heard her phone ring.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"254.91","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","220.85"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01973999999996,"y":220.85009999999983}
{"page":40,"change":"none","str":"Errors with participle phrases are sometimes called dangling participles. An incorrect ","dir":"ltr","width":"451.28","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","179.42"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02363999999996,"y":179.41999999999982}
{"page":40,"change":"none","str":"participle phrase is just dangling there and modifying the wrong noun. Careful writers ","dir":"ltr","width":"452.54","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","165.62"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02363999999996,"y":165.6199999999998}
{"page":40,"change":"none","str":"make sure that the introductory participle phrase is modifying the intended noun","dir":"ltr","width":"422.56","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","151.82"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02363999999996,"y":151.8199999999998}
{"page":40,"change":"none","str":"Misplaced participle phrases can appear in other positions in a sentence too. These ","dir":"ltr","width":"446.74","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","124.22"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02336999999994,"y":124.2199999999998}
{"page":40,"change":"none","str":"phrases need to be placed logically. Modifying phrases should appear directly before or ","dir":"ltr","width":"466.82","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","110.42"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02336999999994,"y":110.4199999999998}
{"page":40,"change":"none","str":"directly after the noun or pronoun that it modifies. If the participle phrases appear ","dir":"ltr","width":"432.56","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","96.62"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02336999999994,"y":96.62389999999981}
{"page":41,"change":"none","str":"anywhere else in the sentence, you might end up with unintended humor in your ","dir":"ltr","width":"427.90","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","708.96"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416000000005,"y":708.96}
{"page":41,"change":"none","str":"The bride was escorted down the aisle by her father, wearing a beautiful ","dir":"ltr","width":"413.97","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","667.54"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":108.02022000000005,"y":667.5397}
{"page":41,"change":"none","str":"-the-bride wore a silk gown? The modifier is in the ","dir":"ltr","width":"267.89","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","242.21","653.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":242.21042000000006,"y":653.7397000000001}
{"page":41,"change":"none","str":"Wearing a beautiful silk gown, the bride was escorted down the aisle by her ","dir":"ltr","width":"433.88","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","626.14"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":108.02038000000006,"y":626.1401000000001}
{"page":41,"change":"none","str":"The lost shoes were found by Dan lying under the couch. ","dir":"ltr","width":"329.35","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","598.54"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":108.02034000000006,"y":598.5397000000002}
{"page":41,"change":"none","str":"(Dan is lying under ","dir":"ltr","width":"103.26","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","437.59","598.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":437.5903400000001,"y":598.5397000000002}
{"page":41,"change":"none","str":"the couch? Or were the shoes under the couch? Illogical and confusing.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"388.50","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","584.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02034000000009,"y":584.7397000000002}
{"page":41,"change":"none","str":"Dan found the lost shoes lying under the couch. ","dir":"ltr","width":"277.92","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","570.94"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":108.02030000000009,"y":570.9397000000002}
{"page":41,"change":"none","str":"If you want your sentences to be taken seriously, be sure that your phrases modify","dir":"ltr","width":"437.25","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","531.31"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02430000000004,"y":531.3100000000003}
{"page":41,"change":"none","str":" the ","dir":"ltr","width":"23.46","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","509.15","531.31"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":509.15430000000003,"y":531.3100000000003}
{"page":41,"change":"none","str":"correct nouns and pronouns. ","dir":"ltr","width":"156.05","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","517.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02430000000004,"y":517.5100000000003}
{"page":41,"change":"none","str":"Irregular verbs do not follow our handy rules for forming the past tense. The good n","dir":"ltr","width":"440.70","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","434.71"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":434.71}
{"page":41,"change":"none","str":"is that there are fewer than 200 irregular verbs in the English language. The bad news ","dir":"ltr","width":"459.21","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","420.91"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":420.90999999999997}
{"page":41,"change":"none","str":"is that these are words we use a lot. ","dir":"ltr","width":"194.70","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","407.11"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":407.10999999999996}
{"page":42,"change":"none","str":"Most irregular verbs are words that we use regularly. If it is not a word that you are ","dir":"ltr","width":"439.92","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","681.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416000000005,"y":681.3402000000001}
{"page":42,"change":"none","str":"familiar with, be sure to check a dictionary for the correct way to form the past tense, ","dir":"ltr","width":"450.64","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","667.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416000000005,"y":667.5402000000001}
{"page":42,"change":"none","str":"present participle, and past participle. ","dir":"ltr","width":"202.11","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","653.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416000000005,"y":653.7402000000002}
{"page":42,"change":"none","str":"Lay vs Lie","dir":"ltr","width":"86.94","height":"18.00","transform":["18.00","0.00","0.00","18.00","72.02","520.75"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":520.7499}
{"page":42,"change":"none","str":"These two verbs are chronically mixed up. They are used incorrectly so often that the ","dir":"ltr","width":"454.76","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","491.71"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":491.71}
{"page":42,"change":"none","str":"correct version might sound wrong. ","dir":"ltr","width":"189.87","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","478.03"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":478.0299}
{"page":42,"change":"none","str":" do not mean the same thing. ","dir":"ltr","width":"158.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","320.23","478.03"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":320.22979999999995,"y":478.0299}
{"page":42,"change":"none","str":"to set ","dir":"ltr","width":"32.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","464.23"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":72.02379999999988,"y":464.2299}
{"page":42,"change":"none","str":". For example, ","dir":"ltr","width":"80.06","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","160.82","464.23"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":160.8198999999999,"y":464.2299}
{"page":42,"change":"none","str":"she lay the book on the table. Lie ","dir":"ltr","width":"179.31","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","241.01","464.23"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":241.0100999999999,"y":464.2299}
{"page":42,"change":"none","str":"else. For now, let‟s ignore the definition that refers to an untruth. ","dir":"ltr","width":"342.66","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","450.43"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":72.02409999999992,"y":450.4299}
{"page":42,"change":"none","str":" means ","dir":"ltr","width":"42.78","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","430.99","450.43"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":430.98989999999986,"y":450.4299}
{"page":42,"change":"none","str":"to recline or ","dir":"ltr","width":"65.99","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","473.86","450.43"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":473.86019999999985,"y":450.4299}
{"page":42,"change":"none","str":". For example, ","dir":"ltr","width":"79.97","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","105.50","436.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":105.50039999999984,"y":436.62989999999996}
{"page":42,"change":"none","str":"go lie down for a nap","dir":"ltr","width":"111.35","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","185.42","436.63"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":185.42029999999983,"y":436.62989999999996}
{"page":42,"change":"none","str":"Remember transitive and intransitive verbs from the beginning of the chapter? This is a ","dir":"ltr","width":"464.76","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","408.91"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02437999999981,"y":408.90999999999997}
{"page":42,"change":"none","str":"case where it is important to know the difference.","dir":"ltr","width":"260.07","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","395.11"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02437999999981,"y":395.10999999999996}
{"page":42,"change":"none","str":" is an intransitive verb. It does not need a direct object in order to make sense. ","dir":"ltr","width":"418.63","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","88.10","367.61"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":88.10447999999984,"y":367.60999999999996}
{"page":42,"change":"none","str":" is not the direct object; it is just showing how people lie. ","dir":"ltr","width":"300.79","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","194.09","353.81"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":194.09034999999983,"y":353.80999999999995}
{"page":42,"change":"none","str":"I will lie down for a nap. (present tense. Down is not a direct object.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"362.94","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","326.09"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.0204099999998,"y":326.08969999999994}
{"page":42,"change":"none","str":"Fred told the dog to ","dir":"ltr","width":"107.39","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","312.29"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":312.29}
{"page":42,"change":"none","str":" is a transitive verb. ","dir":"ltr","width":"106.57","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","91.46","284.81"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":91.464,"y":284.81010000000003}
{"page":42,"change":"none","str":" requires a direct object in order to make sense. ","dir":"ltr","width":"256.47","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","217.61","284.81"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":217.61020000000002,"y":284.81010000000003}
{"page":42,"change":"none","str":"He lay the book on the table. (Book is the direct object.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"298.35","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","257.09"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02026000000001,"y":257.0898}
{"page":42,"change":"none","str":"Mary lay the baby in the crib. (Baby is the direct object.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"298.95","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","243.29"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":243.29}
{"page":42,"change":"none","str":"Things get confusing when we move out of present tense. ","dir":"ltr","width":"310.15","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","203.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":203.6601}
{"page":42,"change":"none","str":"(Intransitive) No Direct ","dir":"ltr","width":"122.56","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","92.78","119.30"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":92.78399999999999,"y":119.3}
{"page":43,"change":"none","str":" (Transitive) Direct ","dir":"ltr","width":"101.44","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","92.54","702.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":92.54409999999999,"y":702.94}
{"page":43,"change":"none","str":"The mix up with these two words happens because the past tense of","dir":"ltr","width":"363.94","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","643.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":643.6601}
{"page":43,"change":"none","str":". This is ","dir":"ltr","width":"44.74","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","482.50","643.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":482.49967,"y":643.6601}
{"page":43,"change":"none","str":"where it becomes very important to know if the verb is transitive or intransitive. ","dir":"ltr","width":"418.54","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","629.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02366999999998,"y":629.7398000000001}
{"page":43,"change":"none","str":"Lie is an intransitive verb and does need a direct object in order to complete the ","dir":"ltr","width":"425.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","602.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02366999999998,"y":602.1402}
{"page":43,"change":"none","str":"meaning of the sentence. The subject is performing the action of the verb ","dir":"ltr","width":"391.35","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","588.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02366999999998,"y":588.4601}
{"page":43,"change":"none","str":"I will lie down for a nap. (Present tense of the verb lie) ","dir":"ltr","width":"288.99","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","560.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01972999999998,"y":560.7398}
{"page":43,"change":"none","str":"Yesterday, he lay down for a nap at 2. (Past tense of the verb lie) ","dir":"ltr","width":"348.90","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","546.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":546.94}
{"page":43,"change":"none","str":"Fred is lying on the couch. (Present participle of the verb lie) ","dir":"ltr","width":"322.83","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","533.11"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":533.11}
{"page":43,"change":"none","str":"Those newspapers have lain on the counter for weeks. (Past participle of the ","dir":"ltr","width":"410.19","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","519.31"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":519.31}
{"page":43,"change":"none","str":"Lay is a transitive verb and requires a direct object in order to complete the meaning of ","dir":"ltr","width":"462.67","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","477.91"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0239,"y":477.90999999999997}
{"page":43,"change":"none","str":" the ","dir":"ltr","width":"23.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","142.10","436.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":142.10005999999998,"y":436.62989999999996}
{"page":43,"change":"none","str":" on the desk. (Present tense of the verb ","dir":"ltr","width":"213.26","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","194.21","436.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":194.21026,"y":436.62989999999996}
{"page":43,"change":"none","str":" is the direct ","dir":"ltr","width":"68.06","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","457.06","436.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":457.06026,"y":436.62989999999996}
{"page":43,"change":"none","str":" the ","dir":"ltr","width":"23.35","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","145.46","409.03"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":145.46016,"y":409.0299}
{"page":43,"change":"none","str":" there yesterday. (Past tense of the verb ","dir":"ltr","width":"220.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","203.45","409.03"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":203.44996,"y":409.0299}
{"page":43,"change":"none","str":" is the ","dir":"ltr","width":"35.47","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","481.66","409.03"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":481.66028000000006,"y":409.0299}
{"page":43,"change":"none","str":"She is ","dir":"ltr","width":"36.78","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","381.43"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01996,"y":381.42990000000003}
{"page":43,"change":"none","str":" in the bathroom today. (Present participle of the verb ","dir":"ltr","width":"286.07","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","249.41","381.43"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":249.41016,"y":381.42990000000003}
{"page":43,"change":"none","str":" is the direct object.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"113.89","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","173.54","367.61"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":173.53992,"y":367.61}
{"page":43,"change":"none","str":" before. (Past participle of the verb ","dir":"ltr","width":"186.66","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","240.77","353.81"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":240.77008,"y":353.81}
{"page":43,"change":"none","str":" is the ","dir":"ltr","width":"35.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","493.06","353.81"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":493.06018000000006,"y":353.81}
{"page":43,"change":"none","str":"Popular music gets lay and lie wrong all time. Bob Dylan, Woodie Guthrie, Kris ","dir":"ltr","width":"419.29","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","312.29"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0239,"y":312.28999999999996}
{"page":43,"change":"none","str":"Kristofferson, Chasing Cars, Miley Cyrus, Eric Clapton, and many other musicians use ","dir":"ltr","width":"460.70","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","298.49"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0239,"y":298.48999999999995}
{"page":43,"change":"none","str":"lay/lie incorrectly in their music. Why do they use it incorrectly? Musicians might be ","dir":"ltr","width":"442.08","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","284.69"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0239,"y":284.68999999999994}
{"page":43,"change":"none","str":"trying to avoid the ","dir":"ltr","width":"98.05","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","271.01"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0239,"y":271.0102999999999}
{"page":43,"change":"none","str":", and use ","dir":"ltr","width":"52.62","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","287.69","271.01"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":287.68997,"y":271.0102999999999}
{"page":43,"change":"none","str":" to avoid confusion. It is also ","dir":"ltr","width":"153.95","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","355.75","271.01"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":355.75017,"y":271.0102999999999}
{"page":43,"change":"none","str":"possible that they used","dir":"ltr","width":"122.72","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","257.21"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02417000000003,"y":257.2102999999999}
{"page":43,"change":"none","str":" because it rhymed with another lyric. The third option is that ","dir":"ltr","width":"323.32","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","213.53","257.21"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":213.53007000000002,"y":257.2102999999999}
{"page":43,"change":"none","str":"they don‟t know the difference. The bottom line is, don‟t rely on Miley Cyrus o","dir":"ltr","width":"408.47","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","243.29"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":72.02407000000002,"y":243.2899999999999}
{"page":43,"change":"none","str":"r other ","dir":"ltr","width":"38.14","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","480.94","243.29"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":480.94007,"y":243.2899999999999}
{"page":43,"change":"none","str":"musicians to teach the rules of grammar. Sometimes they get it right, and sometime","dir":"ltr","width":"443.95","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","229.49"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02407,"y":229.4899999999999}
{"page":43,"change":"none","str":"they get it wrong. ","dir":"ltr","width":"98.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","215.69"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02407000000005,"y":215.68999999999988}
{"page":43,"change":"none","str":" (video on lay vs lie)","dir":"ltr","width":"105.91","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","333.91","162.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":333.91,"y":162.26}
{"page":44,"change":"none","str":"In a sentence, a verb needs to agree in number with the subject. Singular subjects need","dir":"ltr","width":"465.89","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","370.37"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":370.3698}
{"page":44,"change":"none","str":"singular verbs. Plural subjects need plural verbs.","dir":"ltr","width":"258.03","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","356.57"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":356.5698}
{"page":44,"change":"none","str":" person singular verbs ","dir":"ltr","width":"131.90","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","397.99","273.77"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":397.98972000000003,"y":273.77}
{"page":44,"change":"none","str":"require an “s","dir":"ltr","width":"74.06","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","259.97"],"fontName":"BCKRYX+Arial,Bold","x":108.02,"y":259.97}
{"page":44,"change":"none","str":"Finding the subject","dir":"ltr","width":"164.97","height":"18.00","transform":["18.00","0.00","0.00","18.00","72.02","214.85"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02405,"y":214.85000000000002}
{"page":44,"change":"none","str":"The key to subject verb agreement is locating the subject of the sentence. This can ","dir":"ltr","width":"443.25","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","185.78"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":185.78}
{"page":44,"change":"none","str":"tricky when other words get in the way of the subject. ","dir":"ltr","width":"284.61","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","171.98"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02379999999994,"y":171.98}
{"page":44,"change":"none","str":" can appear in your sentence and disguise the true subject. The ","dir":"ltr","width":"341.46","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","197.45","144.38"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":197.44979999999993,"y":144.38}
{"page":44,"change":"none","str":"subject of a verb is never found in a prepositional phrase. Ignore the prepositional ","dir":"ltr","width":"436.21","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","130.58"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02379999999992,"y":130.57999999999998}
{"page":44,"change":"none","str":"phrase when locating the subject. Common prepositions include ","dir":"ltr","width":"342.81","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","116.90"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":116.9}
{"page":44,"change":"none","str":"of, to, in, from, for, ","dir":"ltr","width":"100.58","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","415.15","116.90"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":415.14979999999997,"y":116.9}
{"page":44,"change":"none","str":"with, at, on, except, ","dir":"ltr","width":"106.68","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","103.10"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":72.0238,"y":103.10000000000001}
{"page":44,"change":"none","str":"The names on the invitation ","dir":"ltr","width":"150.97","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","75.38"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02015999999998,"y":75.38400000000001}
{"page":44,"change":"none","str":" Fred and Mary. ","dir":"ltr","width":"91.32","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","286.25","75.38"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":286.25025999999997,"y":75.38400000000001}
{"page":45,"change":"none","str":"The information from the president ","dir":"ltr","width":"186.85","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","708.96"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02022000000005,"y":708.96}
{"page":45,"change":"none","str":"Everyone except Fred ","dir":"ltr","width":"120.85","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","695.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":695.14}
{"page":45,"change":"none","str":" attending the party. ","dir":"ltr","width":"112.68","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","238.85","695.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":238.84995999999998,"y":695.14}
{"page":45,"change":"none","str":"The bill at the restaurant ","dir":"ltr","width":"132.85","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","681.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":681.34}
{"page":45,"change":"none","str":" paid in full. ","dir":"ltr","width":"63.96","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","263.57","681.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":263.56986,"y":681.34}
{"page":45,"change":"none","str":"Subjects can be difficult to find when they appear near phrases that begin with t","dir":"ltr","width":"421.14","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","639.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":639.9398}
{"page":45,"change":"none","str":"along with, as well as, in addition to, such as, including, together with, plus, and ","dir":"ltr","width":"424.04","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","107.30","626.26"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":107.3,"y":626.2601}
{"page":45,"change":"none","str":" These are called ","dir":"ltr","width":"95.29","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","106.10","612.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":106.1,"y":612.4601}
{"page":45,"change":"none","str":", and they are often set apart from the ","dir":"ltr","width":"204.22","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","325.63","612.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":325.63009999999997,"y":612.4601}
{"page":45,"change":"none","str":"rest of the sentence with commas. Parenthetical phrases do not contain sentence ","dir":"ltr","width":"435.48","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","598.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02409999999998,"y":598.5398}
{"page":45,"change":"none","str":"subjects. The information in the parenthetical phrase is de-emphasized in the senten","dir":"ltr","width":"448.33","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","584.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02409999999998,"y":584.7398000000001}
{"page":45,"change":"none","str":"It is not as important to the sentence as the subject. It is fine to use these ph","dir":"ltr","width":"403.96","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","570.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02409999999998,"y":570.9398000000001}
{"page":45,"change":"none","str":"rases, but ","dir":"ltr","width":"56.43","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","476.02","570.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":476.02209999999997,"y":570.9398000000001}
{"page":45,"change":"none","str":"ignore them when locating the subject of the sentence. ","dir":"ltr","width":"296.90","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","557.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02409999999998,"y":557.1402}
{"page":45,"change":"none","str":"together with his entire family","dir":"ltr","width":"155.27","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","139.46","529.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":139.46036999999998,"y":529.5101000000001}
{"page":45,"change":"none","str":" attending the conference. ","dir":"ltr","width":"145.35","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","311.57","529.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":311.57039,"y":529.5101000000001}
{"page":45,"change":"none","str":"along with all of her employees","dir":"ltr","width":"164.63","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","186.14","515.71"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":186.13978,"y":515.71}
{"page":45,"change":"none","str":" received a raise. ","dir":"ltr","width":"97.93","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","378.31","515.71"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":378.3099,"y":515.71}
{"page":45,"change":"none","str":"plus tips on how to ace an interview","dir":"ltr","width":"189.37","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","215.57","501.91"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":215.56977999999998,"y":501.91}
{"page":45,"change":"none","str":"If the sentence seems awkward, you can rewrite it to sound more natural. One option is ","dir":"ltr","width":"465.93","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","474.31"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":474.3102}
{"page":45,"change":"none","str":"to add the information in the parenthetical phrase to the subject. This creates a ","dir":"ltr","width":"420.55","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","460.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":460.5102}
{"page":45,"change":"none","str":"compound subject because it contains two subjects. Rewriting sentence with a ","dir":"ltr","width":"419.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","446.71"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":446.7102}
{"page":45,"change":"none","str":"compound subject means that you have to change the verb too. ","dir":"ltr","width":"341.26","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","432.91"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":432.9102}
{"page":45,"change":"none","str":"Fred and his entire family ","dir":"ltr","width":"138.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","405.31"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":405.31019999999995}
{"page":45,"change":"none","str":"The manager and all of her employees ","dir":"ltr","width":"208.93","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","377.71"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01996,"y":377.71}
{"page":45,"change":"none","str":" received a raise. (plural ","dir":"ltr","width":"131.31","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","344.23","377.71"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":344.23016,"y":377.71}
{"page":45,"change":"none","str":"The job application and tips on how to ace an interview ","dir":"ltr","width":"294.87","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","350.09"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01996,"y":350.09}
{"page":45,"change":"none","str":"It can be challenging to find the subject in","dir":"ltr","width":"220.11","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","296.69"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0239,"y":296.69000000000005}
{"page":45,"change":"none","str":" Look for the true subject ","dir":"ltr","width":"135.23","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","407.71","296.69"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":407.70990000000006,"y":296.69000000000005}
{"page":45,"change":"none","str":" the verb. Sentences beginning with ","dir":"ltr","width":"193.29","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","98.06","283.01"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":98.06410000000008,"y":283.01030000000003}
{"page":45,"change":"none","str":" and ","dir":"ltr","width":"26.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","315.53","283.01"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":315.53010000000006,"y":283.01030000000003}
{"page":45,"change":"none","str":" are always inverted. Questions ","dir":"ltr","width":"170.63","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","369.67","283.01"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":369.6700000000001,"y":283.01030000000003}
{"page":45,"change":"none","str":"are also written in inverted order. Look for the subject after the verb. If it helps clarify the ","dir":"ltr","width":"469.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","269.09"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02400000000006,"y":269.09000000000003}
{"page":45,"change":"none","str":"subject, you can restore the sentence to the more common subject-verb pattern. ","dir":"ltr","width":"428.94","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","255.29"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02400000000006,"y":255.29000000000002}
{"page":45,"change":"none","str":" your keys. (Restoring subject-verb pattern: Your keys are here.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"345.06","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","155.42","227.69"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":155.42006000000006,"y":227.69000000000003}
{"page":45,"change":"none","str":" four birds on the fence. (Restoring subject-verb pattern: Four birds are ","dir":"ltr","width":"378.89","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","160.82","213.89"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":160.81986,"y":213.89}
{"page":45,"change":"none","str":"on the fence there.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"107.41","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","200.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":200.06}
{"page":45,"change":"none","str":"? (Restoring subject-verb pattern: We are where?) ","dir":"ltr","width":"270.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","183.38","186.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":183.38012999999998,"y":186.26}
{"page":45,"change":"none","str":" good grades? (Restoring subject-verb pattern: Good grades ","dir":"ltr","width":"324.29","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","206.81","172.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":206.81006,"y":172.46}
{"page":45,"change":"none","str":"are how important?) ","dir":"ltr","width":"110.05","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","158.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":158.66}
{"page":45,"change":"none","str":"Basic Rules for Subject-Verb Agreement","dir":"ltr","width":"346.03","height":"18.00","transform":["18.00","0.00","0.00","18.00","72.02","99.74"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0239,"y":99.74389999999997}
{"page":46,"change":"none","str":"Once you have located the subject, decide whether the subject is singular or plural and ","dir":"ltr","width":"464.00","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","708.96"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416000000005,"y":708.96}
{"page":46,"change":"none","str":"select the verb that agrees in number. A singular subject requires a singular verb. A ","dir":"ltr","width":"445.95","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","695.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416000000005,"y":695.1401000000001}
{"page":46,"change":"none","str":"plural subject requires a plural verb. There are a few cases when this can be ","dir":"ltr","width":"408.70","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","681.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416000000005,"y":681.3401000000001}
{"page":46,"change":"none","str":"Subjects joined by ","dir":"ltr","width":"131.91","height":"14.52","transform":["14.52","0.00","0.00","14.52","72.02","637.66"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02416000000007,"y":637.6604000000002}
{"page":46,"change":"none","str":" joins words together. When one subject is added to another ","dir":"ltr","width":"322.66","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","180.14","623.38"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":180.13979999999998,"y":623.38}
{"page":46,"change":"none","str":"subject using the conjunction ","dir":"ltr","width":"157.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","609.58"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02379999999998,"y":609.58}
{"page":46,"change":"none","str":", the subject is usually plural. The conjunction ","dir":"ltr","width":"244.70","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","249.53","609.58"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":249.53,"y":609.58}
{"page":46,"change":"none","str":"adds the subjects together and makes the subject plural. Plural subjects require plural ","dir":"ltr","width":"458.42","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","595.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.024,"y":595.6601}
{"page":46,"change":"none","str":"Fred and Mary ","dir":"ltr","width":"81.32","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","554.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02006,"y":554.2601000000001}
{"page":46,"change":"none","str":" coffee every morning. (Fred and Mary form a compound ","dir":"ltr","width":"304.08","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","220.13","554.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":220.13026000000002,"y":554.2601000000001}
{"page":46,"change":"none","str":"subject, joined by the word ","dir":"ltr","width":"145.17","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","540.58"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":540.58}
{"page":46,"change":"none","str":"Mary and Fred","dir":"ltr","width":"77.90","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","280.25","540.58"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":280.25012,"y":540.58}
{"page":46,"change":"none","str":" is plural, so the verb ","dir":"ltr","width":"113.89","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","358.27","540.58"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":358.27002,"y":540.58}
{"page":46,"change":"none","str":" Dave ","dir":"ltr","width":"34.64","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","169.46","512.95"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":169.45997999999997,"y":512.9499}
{"page":46,"change":"none","str":" flying to Hawaii. (","dir":"ltr","width":"94.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","222.29","512.95"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":222.28967999999998,"y":512.9499}
{"page":46,"change":"none","str":"Debbie and Dave ","dir":"ltr","width":"96.14","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","316.73","512.95"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":316.72988,"y":512.9499}
{"page":46,"change":"none","str":"form a compound ","dir":"ltr","width":"96.72","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","412.87","512.95"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":412.86967999999996,"y":512.9499}
{"page":46,"change":"none","str":"subject, joined by the word ","dir":"ltr","width":"145.17","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","499.15"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":499.15}
{"page":46,"change":"none","str":"Debbie and Dave","dir":"ltr","width":"92.52","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","280.25","499.15"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":280.25012,"y":499.15}
{"page":46,"change":"none","str":" is plural, so the verb ","dir":"ltr","width":"114.02","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","372.91","499.15"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":372.91031999999996,"y":499.15}
{"page":46,"change":"none","str":"Subjects joined by ","dir":"ltr","width":"131.91","height":"14.52","transform":["14.52","0.00","0.00","14.52","72.02","426.67"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02401999999991,"y":426.6699}
{"page":46,"change":"none","str":" are singular in only two cases.","dir":"ltr","width":"214.30","height":"14.52","transform":["14.52","0.00","0.00","14.52","229.85","426.67"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":229.85001999999992,"y":426.6699}
{"page":46,"change":"none","str":" When the subjects are preceded by the words ","dir":"ltr","width":"250.58","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","82.10","398.59"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":82.1039,"y":398.5897}
{"page":46,"change":"none","str":" or ","dir":"ltr","width":"17.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","358.99","398.59"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":358.9897,"y":398.5897}
{"page":46,"change":"none","str":", the verb is singular. ","dir":"ltr","width":"114.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","405.67","398.59"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":405.6698,"y":398.5897}
{"page":46,"change":"none","str":"Think of it as each","dir":"ltr","width":"97.47","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","384.79"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":384.7897}
{"page":46,"change":"none","str":" and every single thing. ","dir":"ltr","width":"126.67","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","169.46","384.79"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":169.4601,"y":384.7897}
{"page":46,"change":"none","str":"Every student and instructor ","dir":"ltr","width":"152.73","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","357.17"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02016,"y":357.1698}
{"page":46,"change":"none","str":" eligible for a prize. ","dir":"ltr","width":"103.80","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","270.89","357.17"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":270.88993,"y":357.1698}
{"page":46,"change":"none","str":"Think of the sentence as, ","dir":"ltr","width":"137.48","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","378.79","357.17"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":378.7897,"y":357.1698}
{"page":46,"change":"none","str":"“Every single student and every single instructor is eligible for a prize.”)","dir":"ltr","width":"375.97","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","343.25"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.0197,"y":343.2499}
{"page":46,"change":"none","str":"Each report and check ","dir":"ltr","width":"123.35","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","329.45"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01975999999996,"y":329.4499}
{"page":46,"change":"none","str":"to be signed. (Think of the sentence as, “Each ","dir":"ltr","width":"247.92","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","269.57","329.45"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":269.5696,"y":329.4499}
{"page":46,"change":"none","str":"individual report and each individual check needs to be signed.”)","dir":"ltr","width":"341.29","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","315.65"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.01959999999997,"y":315.6499}
{"page":46,"change":"none","str":" When the subject joined by and represents a single person or thing, it is considered ","dir":"ltr","width":"448.66","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","82.10","288.05"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":82.10369999999999,"y":288.0499}
{"page":46,"change":"none","str":"singular. For example, macaroni and cheese is a singular noun. It refers to one dish. ","dir":"ltr","width":"449.98","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","274.25"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02359999999999,"y":274.24989999999997}
{"page":46,"change":"none","str":"Macaroni and cheese ","dir":"ltr","width":"118.07","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","246.65"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01966000000004,"y":246.64989999999995}
{"page":46,"change":"none","str":" her favorite meal. (Macaroni and cheese represents a ","dir":"ltr","width":"291.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","236.21","246.65"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":236.20982000000006,"y":246.64989999999995}
{"page":46,"change":"none","str":"single dish, so the subject is singular.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"205.57","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","232.85"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01982000000007,"y":232.84989999999993}
{"page":46,"change":"none","str":"Subjects joined by ","dir":"ltr","width":"131.91","height":"14.52","transform":["14.52","0.00","0.00","14.52","72.02","190.94"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02372000000007,"y":190.93969999999993}
{"page":46,"change":"none","str":" or ","dir":"ltr","width":"22.64","height":"14.52","transform":["14.52","0.00","0.00","14.52","218.57","190.94"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":218.5696200000001,"y":190.93969999999993}
{"page":46,"change":"none","str":"When two or more subjects are joined by ","dir":"ltr","width":"220.62","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","176.78"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":176.78}
{"page":46,"change":"none","str":" or ","dir":"ltr","width":"17.29","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","303.53","176.78"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":303.52989999999994,"y":176.78}
{"page":46,"change":"none","str":", the conjunction","dir":"ltr","width":"87.37","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","338.23","176.78"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":338.22989999999993,"y":176.78}
{"page":46,"change":"none","str":"means it ","dir":"ltr","width":"48.76","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","486.94","176.78"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":486.93970999999993,"y":176.78}
{"page":46,"change":"none","str":"is either one or the other. ","dir":"ltr","width":"136.68","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","162.98"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02370999999994,"y":162.98}
{"page":46,"change":"none","str":"does not add the subjects together. ","dir":"ltr","width":"190.73","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","225.53","162.98"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":225.52980999999994,"y":162.98}
{"page":46,"change":"none","str":" implies a choice ","dir":"ltr","width":"92.05","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","429.67","162.98"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":429.66970999999995,"y":162.98}
{"page":46,"change":"none","str":"between one or the other. ","dir":"ltr","width":"140.03","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","149.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02370999999994,"y":149.06009999999998}
{"page":46,"change":"none","str":"The verb must agree with the closest subject in the ","dir":"ltr","width":"294.51","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","212.21","149.06"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":212.20970999999994,"y":149.06009999999998}
{"page":46,"change":"none","str":" It often helps to ignore the other half of the sentence when choosing the ","dir":"ltr","width":"387.35","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","127.46","135.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":127.4601,"y":135.26}
{"page":46,"change":"none","str":"Either you or Sam","dir":"ltr","width":"96.02","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","93.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":93.8639}
{"page":46,"change":"none","str":" responsible for bringing the coffee. (The closest subject is ","dir":"ltr","width":"312.88","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","230.09","93.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":230.08976,"y":93.8639}
{"page":46,"change":"none","str":". The verb agrees with ","dir":"ltr","width":"121.93","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","132.62","80.18"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":132.62,"y":80.184}
{"page":47,"change":"none","str":"Either Sam or you","dir":"ltr","width":"96.06","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","708.96"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02022000000005,"y":708.96}
{"page":47,"change":"none","str":" responsible for bringing the coffee. (The closest subject ","dir":"ltr","width":"300.74","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","234.89","708.96"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":234.89012000000005,"y":708.96}
{"page":47,"change":"none","str":". The verb agrees with ","dir":"ltr","width":"121.84","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","139.46","695.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":139.4602,"y":695.26}
{"page":47,"change":"none","str":"Neither the cats nor the ","dir":"ltr","width":"128.15","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","681.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01998,"y":681.46}
{"page":47,"change":"none","str":" eating. (The closest subject is ","dir":"ltr","width":"164.61","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","269.57","681.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":269.56971,"y":681.46}
{"page":47,"change":"none","str":". The verb ","dir":"ltr","width":"57.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","454.42","681.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":454.41961,"y":681.46}
{"page":47,"change":"none","str":"agrees with ","dir":"ltr","width":"64.62","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","667.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":667.66}
{"page":47,"change":"none","str":"Neither the dog nor the cats","dir":"ltr","width":"148.19","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","653.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01995999999997,"y":653.86}
{"page":47,"change":"none","str":" eating. (The closest subject is ","dir":"ltr","width":"164.68","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","277.61","653.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":277.61016,"y":653.86}
{"page":47,"change":"none","str":". The verb ","dir":"ltr","width":"57.29","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","464.38","653.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":464.37996000000004,"y":653.86}
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{"page":47,"change":"none","str":"When dealing with subjects joined by ","dir":"ltr","width":"200.02","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","612.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02421999999999,"y":612.4599999999999}
{"page":47,"change":"none","str":" or ","dir":"ltr","width":"17.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","282.89","612.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":282.88992,"y":612.4599999999999}
{"page":47,"change":"none","str":", if one part is singular and the other part ","dir":"ltr","width":"218.79","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","317.45","612.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":317.45011999999997,"y":612.4599999999999}
{"page":47,"change":"none","str":"is plural, it often sounds more natural to put the plural part closer to the verb. ","dir":"ltr","width":"408.86","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","598.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02411999999998,"y":598.5396999999999}
{"page":47,"change":"none","str":"Neither the packages nor the letter ","dir":"ltr","width":"187.57","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","570.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02017999999998,"y":570.9396999999999}
{"page":47,"change":"none","str":" on time. (Grammatically ","dir":"ltr","width":"133.43","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","374.11","570.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":374.11048,"y":570.9396999999999}
{"page":47,"change":"none","str":"correct, but might sound awkward.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"190.09","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","557.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":557.14}
{"page":47,"change":"none","str":"Neither the letter nor the packages ","dir":"ltr","width":"187.57","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","543.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01996,"y":543.34}
{"page":47,"change":"none","str":" on time. (Grammatically ","dir":"ltr","width":"133.09","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","379.03","543.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":379.03016,"y":543.34}
{"page":47,"change":"none","str":"correct and sounds natural.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"152.77","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","529.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":529.51}
{"page":47,"change":"none","str":" always pairs up with ","dir":"ltr","width":"123.32","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","132.14","501.91"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":132.1399,"y":501.90999999999997}
{"page":47,"change":"none","str":" always pairs up with ","dir":"ltr","width":"123.33","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","315.41","501.91"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":315.41,"y":501.90999999999997}
{"page":47,"change":"none","str":"Company and Organization Names","dir":"ltr","width":"240.07","height":"14.52","transform":["14.52","0.00","0.00","14.52","72.02","443.35"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":443.35}
{"page":47,"change":"none","str":"Company names require singular verbs, even if they end in the letter ","dir":"ltr","width":"366.69","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","415.27"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":415.2699}
{"page":47,"change":"none","str":"such as Starbucks, Southwest Airlines, and Macy‟s might look plural, but they are ","dir":"ltr","width":"434.61","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","401.35"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":401.35}
{"page":47,"change":"none","str":"considered singular; therefore, they require singular verbs. ","dir":"ltr","width":"313.32","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","387.55"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":387.55}
{"page":47,"change":"none","str":" hiring. (Starbucks is the name of a single company, so the verb ","dir":"ltr","width":"341.23","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","174.86","359.93"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":174.86015999999998,"y":359.93}
{"page":47,"change":"none","str":"needs to be singular as well.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"158.77","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","346.13"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":346.13}
{"page":47,"change":"none","str":" many flights to Las Vegas. (Southwest Airlines is the ","dir":"ltr","width":"285.44","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","230.81","332.33"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":230.81016,"y":332.33}
{"page":47,"change":"none","str":"name of a single company.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"150.73","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","318.53"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":318.53}
{"page":47,"change":"none","str":" located in Phoenix. (Jones & Associates is the name of a ","dir":"ltr","width":"308.64","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","226.25","304.73"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":226.25006,"y":304.72999999999996}
{"page":47,"change":"none","str":"Challenges with Subject/Verb Agreement","dir":"ltr","width":"350.93","height":"18.00","transform":["18.00","0.00","0.00","18.00","72.02","218.21"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0239,"y":218.20999999999998}
{"page":47,"change":"none","str":"Indefinite pronouns are vague, and figuring out whether an indefinite pron","dir":"ltr","width":"389.32","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","158.78"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":158.78}
{"page":47,"change":"none","str":"oun is singular ","dir":"ltr","width":"80.70","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","461.39","158.78"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":461.3938,"y":158.78}
{"page":47,"change":"none","str":"or plural can be challenging. ","dir":"ltr","width":"153.24","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","145.10"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":145.0999}
{"page":47,"change":"none","str":"sounds like a lot of people, but it is considered ","dir":"ltr","width":"248.53","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","285.65","145.10"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":285.64959999999996,"y":145.0999}
{"page":47,"change":"none","str":"singular. Some indefinite pronouns are always singular, and some are always plural. Be ","dir":"ltr","width":"468.26","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","131.18"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02359999999996,"y":131.17999999999998}
{"page":47,"change":"none","str":"sure to check the chart if you are not sure. Singular pronouns require singular verbs. ","dir":"ltr","width":"449.98","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","117.38"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02359999999996,"y":117.37999999999998}
{"page":48,"change":"none","str":"Some indefinite pronouns are singular or plural depending on how they are being used","dir":"ltr","width":"458.79","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","708.96"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416000000005,"y":708.96}
{"page":48,"change":"none","str":"in a sentence","dir":"ltr","width":"71.42","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","695.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416000000005,"y":695.26}
{"page":48,"change":"none","str":" can be singular or plural, ","dir":"ltr","width":"137.99","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","349.03","695.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":349.03026000000006,"y":695.26}
{"page":48,"change":"none","str":"depending on how they are being used in a sentence. Occasionally","dir":"ltr","width":"355.99","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","681.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02426000000008,"y":681.3401}
{"page":48,"change":"none","str":"phrase will reveal whether the subject is plural or singular. Be cautious, a prepositional ","dir":"ltr","width":"461.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","667.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02406000000008,"y":667.5397}
{"page":48,"change":"none","str":"phrase will never contain the subject, but it might reveal whether the indefinite prono","dir":"ltr","width":"446.04","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","653.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02406000000008,"y":653.7397000000001}
{"page":48,"change":"none","str":"is singular or plural. ","dir":"ltr","width":"107.45","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","639.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02406000000013,"y":639.9397000000001}
{"page":48,"change":"none","str":"Everyone in the family ","dir":"ltr","width":"121.25","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","612.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02012000000015,"y":612.3401000000001}
{"page":48,"change":"none","str":"Both are good choices. (plural subject/plural verb) ","dir":"ltr","width":"267.63","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","598.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":598.54}
{"page":48,"change":"none","str":"Most of the students are here today. (","dir":"ltr","width":"199.43","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","584.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":584.86}
{"page":48,"change":"none","str":"is plural in this sentence. The ","dir":"ltr","width":"158.61","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","336.91","584.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":336.91016,"y":584.86}
{"page":48,"change":"none","str":"prepositional phrase reveals that ","dir":"ltr","width":"176.70","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","571.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":571.06}
{"page":48,"change":"none","str":" refers to the students. Plural subject/plural ","dir":"ltr","width":"230.66","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","310.85","571.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":310.8499,"y":571.06}
{"page":48,"change":"none","str":"Most of her coffee ","dir":"ltr","width":"99.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","543.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01985999999998,"y":543.4599999999999}
{"page":48,"change":"none","str":" is singular in this sentence. The prepositional ","dir":"ltr","width":"245.93","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","282.89","543.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":282.8898,"y":543.4599999999999}
{"page":48,"change":"none","str":"phrase reveals that ","dir":"ltr","width":"105.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","529.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":529.63}
{"page":48,"change":"none","str":"refers to ","dir":"ltr","width":"47.34","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","242.81","529.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":242.8101,"y":529.63}
{"page":48,"change":"none","str":"Singular or plural","dir":"ltr","width":"99.41","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","312.29","454.99"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":312.29,"y":454.99}
{"page":48,"change":"none","str":"No one nobody","dir":"ltr","width":"106.39","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","77.06","307.73"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":77.0641,"y":307.73}
{"page":48,"change":"none","str":"Collective Nouns as Subjects","dir":"ltr","width":"202.34","height":"14.52","transform":["14.52","0.00","0.00","14.52","72.02","203.66"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":203.6601}
{"page":48,"change":"none","str":"Collective nouns such as ","dir":"ltr","width":"136.07","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","175.58"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":175.57989999999998}
{"page":48,"change":"none","str":" and ","dir":"ltr","width":"26.59","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","505.78","175.58"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":505.77979999999997,"y":175.57989999999998}
{"page":48,"change":"none","str":" may be singular or plural depending on how they are being used in the ","dir":"ltr","width":"380.54","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","120.86","161.78"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":120.86009999999999,"y":161.77989999999997}
{"page":48,"change":"none","str":"sentence. If the collective noun is acting as a unit, then it is singular and requires a ","dir":"ltr","width":"440.60","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","147.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":147.85999999999996}
{"page":48,"change":"none","str":"singular verb. In most cases, the collective noun is acting as a singular unit. If the ","dir":"ltr","width":"433.45","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","134.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":134.05999999999995}
{"page":48,"change":"none","str":"collective noun is acting separately, then the noun is considered plural and requires a ","dir":"ltr","width":"455.50","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","120.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":120.25999999999995}
{"page":48,"change":"none","str":"plural verb. This can sound awkward. It often helps to rewrite the sentence so the ","dir":"ltr","width":"433.93","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","106.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":106.45999999999995}
{"page":48,"change":"none","str":"subject is plural. ","dir":"ltr","width":"92.73","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","92.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":92.66389999999996}
{"page":49,"change":"none","str":"The team ","dir":"ltr","width":"54.10","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","695.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02022000000005,"y":695.2602}
{"page":49,"change":"none","str":" well together all season. (","dir":"ltr","width":"139.35","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","228.05","695.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":228.05032000000006,"y":695.2602}
{"page":49,"change":"none","str":"is acting as a singular ","dir":"ltr","width":"118.82","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","401.47","695.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":401.47012000000007,"y":695.2602}
{"page":49,"change":"none","str":"The class ","dir":"ltr","width":"54.82","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","667.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01996,"y":667.6599}
{"page":49,"change":"none","str":" hard on the assignment. (","dir":"ltr","width":"139.22","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","222.17","667.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":222.16996,"y":667.6599}
{"page":49,"change":"none","str":" is acting as a singular ","dir":"ltr","width":"121.97","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","391.51","667.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":391.50996,"y":667.6599}
{"page":49,"change":"none","str":" in their opinions. (The ","dir":"ltr","width":"122.04","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","227.45","640.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":227.45006,"y":640.0603}
{"page":49,"change":"none","str":" is not acting as a unit, so it is ","dir":"ltr","width":"160.07","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","368.95","640.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":368.94996000000003,"y":640.0603}
{"page":49,"change":"none","str":"plural. It sounds awkward, but it is grammatically correct. It sounds better to say ","dir":"ltr","width":"425.67","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","626.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":626.14}
{"page":49,"change":"none","str":"The jury members were divided in their opinions","dir":"ltr","width":"254.70","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","612.46"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":108.02,"y":612.4599}
{"page":49,"change":"none","str":"The team ","dir":"ltr","width":"54.10","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","598.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01998000000003,"y":598.6599}
{"page":49,"change":"none","str":" individually before the game. (The","dir":"ltr","width":"183.98","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","250.13","598.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":250.13018000000005,"y":598.6599}
{"page":49,"change":"none","str":" team ","dir":"ltr","width":"33.32","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","434.23","598.66"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":434.23018,"y":598.6599}
{"page":49,"change":"none","str":"is not acting ","dir":"ltr","width":"67.37","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","467.62","598.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":467.61998,"y":598.6599}
{"page":49,"change":"none","str":"as a unit, so it is considered plural. It sounds awkward. It sounds better to say ","dir":"ltr","width":"414.44","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","584.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":584.74}
{"page":49,"change":"none","str":"The team members were practicing individually before the game.)","dir":"ltr","width":"348.21","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","571.06"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":108.02,"y":571.0603}
{"page":49,"change":"none","str":"Distinction between ","dir":"ltr","width":"140.93","height":"14.52","transform":["14.52","0.00","0.00","14.52","72.02","465.19"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.024,"y":465.1899}
{"page":49,"change":"none","str":" and ","dir":"ltr","width":"33.79","height":"14.52","transform":["14.52","0.00","0.00","14.52","292.01","465.19"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":292.0102,"y":465.1899}
{"page":49,"change":"none","str":"a number ","dir":"ltr","width":"69.32","height":"14.52","transform":["14.52","0.00","0.00","14.52","325.87","465.19"],"fontName":"JSXJHV+Arial,BoldItalic","x":325.87,"y":465.1899}
{"page":49,"change":"none","str":"When the word ","dir":"ltr","width":"84.04","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","450.91"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":450.91}
{"page":49,"change":"none","str":" is the subject of a sentence, the adjective article (","dir":"ltr","width":"265.35","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","196.73","450.91"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":196.73,"y":450.91}
{"page":49,"change":"none","str":" or ","dir":"ltr","width":"17.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","479.14","450.91"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":479.14040000000006,"y":450.91}
{"page":49,"change":"none","str":"reveals whether the noun is singular or plural. ","dir":"ltr","width":"248.88","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","436.99"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02441000000005,"y":436.9897}
{"page":49,"change":"none","str":" number = singular","dir":"ltr","width":"99.67","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","93.38","409.39"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":93.38461000000004,"y":409.3897}
{"page":49,"change":"none","str":" number = plural","dir":"ltr","width":"87.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","80.42","395.59"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":80.42471000000003,"y":395.5897}
{"page":49,"change":"none","str":"number of students ","dir":"ltr","width":"106.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","119.42","367.97"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":119.42087000000004,"y":367.9697}
{"page":49,"change":"none","str":"The number of students absent today ","dir":"ltr","width":"201.95","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","354.17"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":354.17}
{"page":49,"change":"none","str":"A number of animals ","dir":"ltr","width":"113.46","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","340.37"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":340.37}
{"page":49,"change":"none","str":" featured at the zoo this month. (plural subject/plural ","dir":"ltr","width":"279.35","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","239.57","340.37"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":239.56986,"y":340.37}
{"page":49,"change":"none","str":"The number of text messages sent last month","dir":"ltr","width":"243.51","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","312.77"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01996,"y":312.77}
{"page":49,"change":"none","str":" too high. (singular ","dir":"ltr","width":"101.90","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","364.99","312.77"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":364.98982,"y":312.77}
{"page":49,"change":"none","str":"Quantities and Measures","dir":"ltr","width":"171.58","height":"14.52","transform":["14.52","0.00","0.00","14.52","72.02","257.09"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0239,"y":257.08990000000006}
{"page":49,"change":"none","str":"When quantities and measures refer to total amounts, the subject is singular. ","dir":"ltr","width":"410.95","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","242.81"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":242.81}
{"page":49,"change":"none","str":" a lot to spend on a pair of jeans. (Two hundred dollars is ","dir":"ltr","width":"305.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","230.09","215.21"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":230.08986000000002,"y":215.20999999999998}
{"page":49,"change":"none","str":"the total amount. Singular subject/singular verb) ","dir":"ltr","width":"257.55","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","201.38"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":201.38}
{"page":49,"change":"none","str":"Ten miles ","dir":"ltr","width":"55.42","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","187.58"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01996,"y":187.57999999999998}
{"page":49,"change":"none","str":" a long way to run in an afternoon. (Ten miles is the total amount. ","dir":"ltr","width":"348.75","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","173.42","187.58"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":173.41993,"y":187.57999999999998}
{"page":49,"change":"none","str":"If the quantities are referring to individual amounts, then the subject is considered plural. ","dir":"ltr","width":"470.62","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","146.18"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0239,"y":146.18}
{"page":49,"change":"none","str":" lost at the casino. (The quarters are not acting as a ","dir":"ltr","width":"277.23","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","256.25","118.58"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":256.25006,"y":118.58}
{"page":49,"change":"none","str":"unit, but as 200 individual quarters. Plural subject/plural verb) ","dir":"ltr","width":"328.23","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","104.78"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":104.78}
{"page":49,"change":"none","str":"Four days a month ","dir":"ltr","width":"103.49","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","90.98"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01996,"y":90.9839}
{"page":49,"change":"none","str":" set aside for meetings. (The four days are not acting as a ","dir":"ltr","width":"310.03","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","229.49","90.98"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":229.48996,"y":90.9839}
{"page":49,"change":"none","str":"unit, but as four individual days. Plural subject/plural verb) ","dir":"ltr","width":"310.35","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","77.18"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":77.184}
{"page":50,"change":"none","str":"Fractions, portions, and percentages","dir":"ltr","width":"254.51","height":"14.52","transform":["14.52","0.00","0.00","14.52","72.02","680.86"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02416000000005,"y":680.8602000000001}
{"page":50,"change":"none","str":"Fractions, portions, and percentages can serve as the subject of a sentence. Fractions, ","dir":"ltr","width":"465.31","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","666.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":666.46}
{"page":50,"change":"none","str":"portions, and percentages may be singular or plural depending on the nouns they refer ","dir":"ltr","width":"462.85","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","652.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":652.6600000000001}
{"page":50,"change":"none","str":"to in the same sentence. The prepositional phrase often offers a clue to help determine","dir":"ltr","width":"461.03","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","638.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":638.8600000000001}
{"page":50,"change":"none","str":"whether the subject is singular or plural. ","dir":"ltr","width":"214.74","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","625.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":625.0600000000002}
{"page":50,"change":"none","str":"One third of the assignment ","dir":"ltr","width":"150.73","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","597.58"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01985999999997,"y":597.5799000000002}
{"page":50,"change":"none","str":"One third ","dir":"ltr","width":"52.61","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","341.59","597.58"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":341.58976,"y":597.5799000000002}
{"page":50,"change":"none","str":"is singular because it ","dir":"ltr","width":"115.34","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","394.27","597.58"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":394.26986,"y":597.5799000000002}
{"page":50,"change":"none","str":"refers to a singular assignment.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"174.85","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","583.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":583.66}
{"page":50,"change":"none","str":"Only one third of the students ","dir":"ltr","width":"160.09","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","569.98"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01996,"y":569.9798999999999}
{"page":50,"change":"none","str":" here on time. (","dir":"ltr","width":"80.62","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","286.25","569.98"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":286.24996,"y":569.9798999999999}
{"page":50,"change":"none","str":"One third ","dir":"ltr","width":"52.73","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","366.91","569.98"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":366.91016,"y":569.9798999999999}
{"page":50,"change":"none","str":"is plural because it ","dir":"ltr","width":"102.60","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","419.71","569.98"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":419.71016000000003,"y":569.9798999999999}
{"page":50,"change":"none","str":"refers to the plural noun ","dir":"ltr","width":"130.09","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","556.18"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":556.18}
{"page":50,"change":"none","str":"A percentage of the report ","dir":"ltr","width":"142.85","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","542.38"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01996,"y":542.38}
{"page":50,"change":"none","str":" new research. (","dir":"ltr","width":"86.00","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","289.61","542.38"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":289.61016,"y":542.38}
{"page":50,"change":"none","str":" is singular ","dir":"ltr","width":"60.59","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","447.19","542.38"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":447.18986,"y":542.38}
{"page":50,"change":"none","str":"because it refers to a single report.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"192.13","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","528.43"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":528.43}
{"page":50,"change":"none","str":"A percentage of the books ","dir":"ltr","width":"143.44","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","514.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01996,"y":514.63}
{"page":50,"change":"none","str":"checked out by Mary. (A percentage is plural ","dir":"ltr","width":"240.66","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","282.29","514.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":282.28976,"y":514.63}
{"page":50,"change":"none","str":"because it refers to many books.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"180.73","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","500.83"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":500.83}
{"page":50,"change":"none","str":"Adjectives and Adverbs ","dir":"ltr","width":"278.88","height":"24.00","transform":["24.00","0.00","0.00","24.00","169.94","442.39"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":169.94010000000003,"y":442.39009999999996}
{"page":50,"change":"none","str":"Adjectives and adverbs are modifiers, and they add description and texture to ","dir":"ltr","width":"413.88","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","412.27"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.024,"y":412.2698}
{"page":50,"change":"none","str":"sentences. Although adjectives and adverbs have similar jobs, they do not have","dir":"ltr","width":"425.87","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","398.47"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.024,"y":398.46979999999996}
{"page":50,"change":"none","str":" the ","dir":"ltr","width":"23.35","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","497.93","398.47"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":497.932,"y":398.46979999999996}
{"page":50,"change":"none","str":"same job. Adjectives modify and describe nouns and pronouns. Adverbs modi","dir":"ltr","width":"413.58","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","384.67"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.024,"y":384.66979999999995}
{"page":50,"change":"none","str":"fy and ","dir":"ltr","width":"36.06","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","485.46","384.67"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":485.459,"y":384.66979999999995}
{"page":50,"change":"none","str":"describe verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. Without adjectives and adverbs, our ","dir":"ltr","width":"441.94","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","370.85"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.024,"y":370.84989999999993}
{"page":50,"change":"none","str":"language would sound bland.","dir":"ltr","width":"156.08","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","357.05"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.024,"y":357.0498999999999}
{"page":50,"change":"none","str":"(Without adjectives or adverbs) She wore a hat. ","dir":"ltr","width":"259.47","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","329.45"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02006,"y":329.4498999999999}
{"page":50,"change":"none","str":" and ","dir":"ltr","width":"26.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","197.45","315.77"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":197.45002,"y":315.7697999999999}
{"page":50,"change":"none","str":") She ","dir":"ltr","width":"32.00","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","266.93","315.77"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":266.93012,"y":315.7697999999999}
{"page":50,"change":"none","str":"gigantic, blue cowboy","dir":"ltr","width":"125.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","381.07","315.77"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":381.06991999999997,"y":315.7697999999999}
{"page":50,"change":"none","str":" hat. ","dir":"ltr","width":"26.74","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","506.26","315.77"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":506.25991999999997,"y":315.7697999999999}
{"page":50,"change":"none","str":"Both sentences are grammatically correct, but the second sentence provides more ","dir":"ltr","width":"440.72","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","288.05"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02391999999998,"y":288.0498999999999}
{"page":50,"change":"none","str":"Adjectives modify and describe nouns and pronouns. ","dir":"ltr","width":"288.38","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","191.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":191.5398}
{"page":50,"change":"none","str":" and ","dir":"ltr","width":"26.59","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","468.58","191.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":468.5798,"y":191.5398}
{"page":50,"change":"none","str":"all adjectives. Adjectives are added to nouns to answer the questions ","dir":"ltr","width":"369.87","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","177.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02359999999993,"y":177.7398}
{"page":50,"change":"none","str":"what kind is it?","dir":"ltr","width":"78.72","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","442.27","177.74"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":442.2695999999999,"y":177.7398}
{"page":50,"change":"none","str":"what color is it?,","dir":"ltr","width":"86.06","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","164.06"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":72.02359999999987,"y":164.0601}
{"page":50,"change":"none","str":"which one is it?","dir":"ltr","width":"81.96","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","161.42","164.06"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":161.41973999999985,"y":164.0601}
{"page":50,"change":"none","str":", or ","dir":"ltr","width":"20.64","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","243.53","164.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":243.52993999999984,"y":164.0601}
{"page":50,"change":"none","str":"how many are there","dir":"ltr","width":"106.00","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","264.17","164.06"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":264.1697399999998,"y":164.0601}
{"page":50,"change":"none","str":"I like ","dir":"ltr","width":"28.03","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","136.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02002999999985,"y":136.46009999999998}
{"page":50,"change":"none","str":"book sat open on the table. (Adjectives answer the question ","dir":"ltr","width":"320.65","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","163.46","108.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":163.46016,"y":108.86}
{"page":50,"change":"none","str":" birds sat on the fence. (Adjectives answer the question ","dir":"ltr","width":"297.34","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","140.78","81.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":140.78016,"y":81.2641}
{"page":51,"change":"none","str":"Adjectives also follow linking verbs. Linking verbs are all forms of the verb ","dir":"ltr","width":"394.11","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","683.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416000000005,"y":683.2602}
{"page":51,"change":"none","str":", and can ","dir":"ltr","width":"52.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","479.74","683.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":479.73996000000005,"y":683.2602}
{"page":51,"change":"none","str":"also be sensing verbs such as ","dir":"ltr","width":"164.00","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","669.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02396000000005,"y":669.4602000000001}
{"page":51,"change":"none","str":", or ","dir":"ltr","width":"20.75","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","325.63","669.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":325.62986000000006,"y":669.4602000000001}
{"page":51,"change":"none","str":". If the sensing verb is ","dir":"ltr","width":"119.76","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","365.71","669.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":365.70996,"y":669.4602000000001}
{"page":51,"change":"none","str":"describing an action, then it is working as an action verb. If the sensing verb is ","dir":"ltr","width":"417.14","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","655.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02396000000005,"y":655.5399000000001}
{"page":51,"change":"none","str":"describing a state of being, then it is working as a linking verb.","dir":"ltr","width":"329.51","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","641.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02396000000005,"y":641.7399000000001}
{"page":51,"change":"none","str":"The basketball player ","dir":"ltr","width":"117.39","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","614.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02002000000005,"y":614.2602000000002}
{"page":51,"change":"none","str":". (The adjective ","dir":"ltr","width":"85.21","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","254.93","614.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":254.93002000000004,"y":614.2602000000002}
{"page":51,"change":"none","str":"follows the linking verb ","dir":"ltr","width":"124.05","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","358.87","614.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":358.86982000000006,"y":614.2602000000002}
{"page":51,"change":"none","str":"The flowers are ","dir":"ltr","width":"86.14","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","600.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":600.46}
{"page":51,"change":"none","str":". (The adjective ","dir":"ltr","width":"85.22","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","218.81","600.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":218.81006,"y":600.46}
{"page":51,"change":"none","str":"follows the linking verb ","dir":"ltr","width":"123.85","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","329.47","600.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":329.46976,"y":600.46}
{"page":51,"change":"none","str":" about breaking the dish. (Not badly. The adjective ","dir":"ltr","width":"270.70","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","158.78","586.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":158.77996000000002,"y":586.66}
{"page":51,"change":"none","str":" follows the ","dir":"ltr","width":"63.27","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","449.86","586.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":449.86026,"y":586.66}
{"page":51,"change":"none","str":". If ","dir":"ltr","width":"16.75","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","191.42","572.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":191.42,"y":572.86}
{"page":51,"change":"none","str":"was working as an action verb, it would change the ","dir":"ltr","width":"274.05","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","230.81","572.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":230.81029999999998,"y":572.86}
{"page":51,"change":"none","str":"meaning of the sentence. ","dir":"ltr","width":"138.10","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","559.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02029999999998,"y":559.0600000000001}
{"page":51,"change":"none","str":" means that something is wrong with your ","dir":"ltr","width":"223.87","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","304.37","559.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":304.3704,"y":559.0600000000001}
{"page":51,"change":"none","str":"sense of touch.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"88.81","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","545.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02040000000002,"y":545.1401000000001}
{"page":51,"change":"none","str":" in her new outfit. (Not well. The adjective ","dir":"ltr","width":"222.63","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","198.65","531.43"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":198.65046000000004,"y":531.4299000000001}
{"page":51,"change":"none","str":" follows the ","dir":"ltr","width":"63.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","448.30","531.43"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":448.3002600000001,"y":531.4299000000001}
{"page":51,"change":"none","str":"Articles are a specific category of adjectives. ","dir":"ltr","width":"239.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","433.75"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":433.7499}
{"page":51,"change":"none","str":" and ","dir":"ltr","width":"26.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","343.03","433.75"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":343.03,"y":433.7499}
{"page":51,"change":"none","str":" are adjectives that appear ","dir":"ltr","width":"144.60","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","386.47","433.75"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":386.46989999999994,"y":433.7499}
{"page":51,"change":"none","str":"immediately before nouns, making the noun specific or nonspecific. ","dir":"ltr","width":"359.90","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","419.83"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02389999999991,"y":419.83000000000004}
{"page":51,"change":"none","str":"is a ","dir":"ltr","width":"22.04","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","96.74","392.35"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":96.7442599999999,"y":392.34990000000005}
{"page":51,"change":"none","str":". The article ","dir":"ltr","width":"66.05","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","200.09","392.35"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":200.0899599999999,"y":392.34990000000005}
{"page":51,"change":"none","str":" describes a specific person, place, or thing. ","dir":"ltr","width":"240.15","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","282.89","392.35"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":282.8899599999999,"y":392.34990000000005}
{"page":51,"change":"none","str":" book to class. (describes a specific book) ","dir":"ltr","width":"225.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","196.13","364.61"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":196.13021999999995,"y":364.61000000000007}
{"page":51,"change":"none","str":"She went to ","dir":"ltr","width":"66.73","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","350.81"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02027999999996,"y":350.81000000000006}
{"page":51,"change":"none","str":" store. (she went to a specific store) ","dir":"ltr","width":"192.72","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","192.89","350.81"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":192.89017999999993,"y":350.81000000000006}
{"page":51,"change":"none","str":" motorcycle. (He wants a specific motorcycle) ","dir":"ltr","width":"244.11","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","179.42","337.01"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":179.42023999999992,"y":337.01000000000005}
{"page":51,"change":"none","str":" and are used to describe people, places, or things in ","dir":"ltr","width":"284.75","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","245.45","309.41"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":245.4503099999999,"y":309.41}
{"page":51,"change":"none","str":"general. When do you use ","dir":"ltr","width":"143.37","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","295.73"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0243099999999,"y":295.72990000000004}
{"page":51,"change":"none","str":" and when do you use ","dir":"ltr","width":"120.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","222.17","295.73"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":222.1703099999999,"y":295.72990000000004}
{"page":51,"change":"none","str":"? It depends on the word that ","dir":"ltr","width":"158.70","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","356.35","295.73"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":356.3502099999999,"y":295.72990000000004}
{"page":51,"change":"none","str":"is used before words with a consonant sound, such as ","dir":"ltr","width":"291.47","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","152.18","281.93"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":152.18046999999987,"y":281.92990000000003}
{"page":51,"change":"none","str":"a shop, a coffee, ","dir":"ltr","width":"92.04","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","443.71","281.93"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":443.7104699999999,"y":281.92990000000003}
{"page":51,"change":"none","str":"a bike, a book, a one-week trip,","dir":"ltr","width":"166.84","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","268.13"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":72.0238,"y":268.13}
{"page":51,"change":"none","str":" and ","dir":"ltr","width":"26.59","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","238.97","268.13"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":238.9698,"y":268.13}
{"page":51,"change":"none","str":"book to class. (it doesn‟t matter which book)","dir":"ltr","width":"233.27","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","188.18","240.41"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":188.18024000000003,"y":240.4101}
{"page":51,"change":"none","str":"She went to ","dir":"ltr","width":"66.73","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","226.61"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02030000000002,"y":226.6101}
{"page":51,"change":"none","str":"motorcycle. (He wants a motorcycle, and he doesn‟t care which one.)","dir":"ltr","width":"366.76","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","171.38","212.81"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":171.38047999999995,"y":212.81009999999998}
{"page":51,"change":"none","str":" is used before words with a vowel sound, such as ","dir":"ltr","width":"270.00","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","87.98","185.30"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":87.98467999999998,"y":185.29999999999995}
{"page":51,"change":"none","str":"an honor, an hour, an employee","dir":"ltr","width":"169.94","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","358.27","185.30"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":358.27067999999997,"y":185.29999999999995}
{"page":51,"change":"none","str":". The word does not have to begin with a vowel, but it has to make the ","dir":"ltr","width":"374.85","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","158.06","171.50"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":158.06097999999994,"y":171.49999999999994}
{"page":51,"change":"none","str":"vowel sound. Be careful with words that start with ","dir":"ltr","width":"268.64","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","157.70"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":157.7}
{"page":51,"change":"none","str":" and ","dir":"ltr","width":"26.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","364.39","157.70"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":364.3897,"y":157.7}
{"page":51,"change":"none","str":". These letters can make ","dir":"ltr","width":"134.63","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","397.75","157.70"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":397.74982,"y":157.7}
{"page":51,"change":"none","str":"consonant sounds and vowel sounds. ","dir":"ltr","width":"203.31","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","143.78"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02382,"y":143.78009999999998}
{"page":51,"change":"none","str":"It is ","dir":"ltr","width":"22.04","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","116.18"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01988,"y":116.18009999999997}
{"page":51,"change":"none","str":" historic event, and he is ","dir":"ltr","width":"132.61","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","136.82","116.18"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":136.81990000000002,"y":116.18009999999997}
{"page":51,"change":"none","str":"She took ","dir":"ltr","width":"50.80","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","102.38"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":102.38}
{"page":51,"change":"none","str":"Fred left ","dir":"ltr","width":"47.44","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","88.58"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":88.584}
{"page":51,"change":"none","str":" onion on the counter when he went on ","dir":"ltr","width":"209.94","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","169.46","88.58"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":169.46006,"y":88.584}
{"page":52,"change":"none","str":", and ","dir":"ltr","width":"30.06","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","157.46","678.58"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":157.4601,"y":678.58}
{"page":52,"change":"none","str":" are all demonstrative adjectives. Demonstrative adjectives ","dir":"ltr","width":"315.12","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","217.01","678.58"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":217.01010000000002,"y":678.58}
{"page":52,"change":"none","str":"must agree in number with the nouns they modify. Demonstrative adjectives also reveal ","dir":"ltr","width":"467.38","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","664.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02410000000003,"y":664.6601}
{"page":52,"change":"none","str":"whether the noun is nearby or at a distance. ","dir":"ltr","width":"236.75","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","650.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02410000000003,"y":650.8601000000001}
{"page":52,"change":"none","str":" - singular adjective and shows that the noun it modifies is nearby","dir":"ltr","width":"346.65","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","96.74","623.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":96.74440000000004,"y":623.2601000000001}
{"page":52,"change":"none","str":" - plural adjective and shows that the noun it modifies is nearby","dir":"ltr","width":"333.79","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","106.82","609.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":106.82050000000007,"y":609.4601000000001}
{"page":52,"change":"none","str":" - singular and at a distance","dir":"ltr","width":"147.45","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","97.34","595.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":97.34480000000005,"y":595.6601000000002}
{"page":52,"change":"none","str":" - plural and at a distance","dir":"ltr","width":"134.63","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","107.42","581.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":107.42090000000005,"y":581.8601000000002}
{"page":52,"change":"none","str":" shoes are great! (The adjective and the noun are plural. The shoes are ","dir":"ltr","width":"381.99","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","142.82","554.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":142.82096,"y":554.2601000000002}
{"page":52,"change":"none","str":" shoes were too expensive. (The adjective and noun are plural. The shoes ","dir":"ltr","width":"396.76","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","143.42","526.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":143.41996,"y":526.6299}
{"page":52,"change":"none","str":"are at a distance.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"99.49","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","512.83"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":512.83}
{"page":52,"change":"none","str":" class is interesting. (The adjective and the noun are singular. The class is a","dir":"ltr","width":"402.64","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","133.34","499.03"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":133.33986,"y":499.03000000000003}
{"page":52,"change":"none","str":" class is my favorite. (The adjective and the noun are singular. The class is ","dir":"ltr","width":"399.28","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","132.74","471.43"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":132.73986,"y":471.43}
{"page":52,"change":"none","str":"Possessive adjectives appear before the nouns they describe. ","dir":"ltr","width":"332.68","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","373.87"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":373.86990000000003}
{"page":52,"change":"none","str":" garden, your ","dir":"ltr","width":"74.03","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","465.10","373.87"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":465.09989999999993,"y":373.86990000000003}
{"page":52,"change":"none","str":"vacation, his hat, ","dir":"ltr","width":"93.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","360.05"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":72.0238,"y":360.05}
{"page":52,"change":"none","str":" coffee, its schedule, ","dir":"ltr","width":"112.76","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","182.90","360.05"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":182.9,"y":360.05}
{"page":52,"change":"none","str":" car was in the shop, but he got a ride in ","dir":"ltr","width":"215.94","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","126.74","332.33"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":126.73975999999999,"y":332.3302}
{"page":52,"change":"none","str":"I lost ","dir":"ltr","width":"28.75","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","318.53"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02012000000002,"y":318.5302}
{"page":52,"change":"none","str":" book at ","dir":"ltr","width":"46.12","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","153.98","318.53"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":153.98032000000003,"y":318.5302}
{"page":52,"change":"none","str":"Compound adjectives are formed when two or more words are joined together to form a","dir":"ltr","width":"464.66","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","234.65"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":234.64999999999998}
{"page":52,"change":"none","str":"single adjective. Compound adjectives are hyphenated if they appear immediately ","dir":"ltr","width":"437.25","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","220.85"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02379999999994,"y":220.84999999999997}
{"page":52,"change":"none","str":"before the noun they modify. If the compound adjective appears after the ","dir":"ltr","width":"389.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","207.05"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02379999999994,"y":207.04999999999995}
{"page":52,"change":"none","str":"noun, they are ","dir":"ltr","width":"80.05","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","461.29","207.05"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":461.28779999999995,"y":207.04999999999995}
{"page":52,"change":"none","str":"usually not hyphenated. Some compound adjectives are always hyphenated no m","dir":"ltr","width":"433.99","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","193.22"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02379999999994,"y":193.21989999999997}
{"page":52,"change":"none","str":"where they appear in a sentence. ","dir":"ltr","width":"180.63","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","179.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02379999999994,"y":179.53979999999996}
{"page":52,"change":"none","str":", and ","dir":"ltr","width":"30.06","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","109.46","165.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":109.46009999999994,"y":165.73979999999995}
{"page":52,"change":"none","str":" are always hyphenated. If a dictionary lists the compound ","dir":"ltr","width":"311.46","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","181.34","165.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":181.33979999999997,"y":165.73979999999995}
{"page":52,"change":"none","str":"adjective with hyphens, then it is considered permanently hyphenated. ","dir":"ltr","width":"376.05","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","151.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02379999999997,"y":151.93979999999993}
{"page":52,"change":"none","str":" child is ","dir":"ltr","width":"43.50","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","203.33","124.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":203.32996,"y":124.33979999999994}
{"page":52,"change":"none","str":"five years old","dir":"ltr","width":"76.60","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","246.89","124.34"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":246.88976,"y":124.33979999999994}
{"page":52,"change":"none","str":". (hyphenated before the noun, but not ","dir":"ltr","width":"207.35","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","323.59","124.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":323.58976,"y":124.33979999999994}
{"page":52,"change":"none","str":" to pay off. (hyphenated before the noun, but not ","dir":"ltr","width":"259.96","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","270.89","96.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":270.88962000000004,"y":96.74409999999995}
{"page":53,"change":"none","str":"Dave and Sarah had ","dir":"ltr","width":"113.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","708.96"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02022000000005,"y":708.96}
{"page":53,"change":"none","str":" seats to a ","dir":"ltr","width":"58.73","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","278.21","708.96"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":278.21042000000006,"y":708.96}
{"page":53,"change":"none","str":"Hyphens are used even if part of the compound adjective is implied. ","dir":"ltr","width":"391.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","667.54"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02402000000008,"y":667.5397}
{"page":53,"change":"none","str":" and ","dir":"ltr","width":"26.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","176.78","639.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":176.78018000000006,"y":639.9397}
{"page":53,"change":"none","str":" apartments are for rent. ","dir":"ltr","width":"135.48","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","288.17","639.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":288.16998,"y":639.9397}
{"page":53,"change":"none","str":"They are hiring many","dir":"ltr","width":"112.73","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","626.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02004000000002,"y":626.1401}
{"page":53,"change":"none","str":"Compound adjectives can use hyphens, but adverbs are not hyphenated when the","dir":"ltr","width":"437.43","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","598.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02381000000003,"y":598.5396999999999}
{"page":53,"change":"none","str":"appear before a noun. ","dir":"ltr","width":"121.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","584.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02381000000003,"y":584.8599999999999}
{"page":53,"change":"none","str":"Newly opened clinic, freshly painted room, individually wrapped ","dir":"ltr","width":"339.45","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","196.85","584.86"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":196.84997000000004,"y":584.8599999999999}
{"page":53,"change":"none","str":", and ","dir":"ltr","width":"29.95","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","104.18","571.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":104.18027000000005,"y":571.06}
{"page":53,"change":"none","str":" would not be hyphenated because they contain ","dir":"ltr","width":"257.75","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","272.21","571.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":272.21027000000004,"y":571.06}
{"page":53,"change":"none","str":"an adverb. Adverbs often end in -","dir":"ltr","width":"177.54","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","557.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02427000000003,"y":557.1401}
{"page":53,"change":"none","str":" and are never hyphenated. ","dir":"ltr","width":"150.15","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","258.05","557.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":258.05019000000004,"y":557.1401}
{"page":53,"change":"none","str":"Coordinating Adjectives and Cumulative Adjectives","dir":"ltr","width":"355.13","height":"14.52","transform":["14.52","0.00","0.00","14.52","72.02","501.43"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02419000000003,"y":501.4298999999999}
{"page":53,"change":"none","str":"Sometimes it takes more than one adjective to describe a noun. If the adjectives are ","dir":"ltr","width":"448.63","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","473.23"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":473.22999999999996}
{"page":53,"change":"none","str":"working independently to modify and describe the noun, they are called co","dir":"ltr","width":"393.99","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","459.43"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":459.42999999999995}
{"page":53,"change":"none","str":"adjectives. Coordinating adjectives need to be separated with commas. To test whether ","dir":"ltr","width":"467.42","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","445.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":445.62999999999994}
{"page":53,"change":"none","str":"the adjectives need a comma separating them, run the sentence through t","dir":"ltr","width":"391.96","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","431.83"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":431.8299999999999}
{"page":53,"change":"none","str":"he following ","dir":"ltr","width":"66.53","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","464.02","431.83"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":464.0218,"y":431.8299999999999}
{"page":53,"change":"none","str":"1. Mentally add the word ","dir":"ltr","width":"133.99","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","390.55"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01989999999999,"y":390.5498999999999}
{"page":53,"change":"none","str":"between the adjectives. If the sentence still makes ","dir":"ltr","width":"269.99","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","265.61","390.55"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":265.6099,"y":390.5498999999999}
{"page":53,"change":"none","str":"sense, then move on to the second rule. ","dir":"ltr","width":"220.23","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","376.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01989999999998,"y":376.62999999999994}
{"page":53,"change":"none","str":"2. Mentally reverse the order of the adjectives. Does the sentence still make ","dir":"ltr","width":"406.31","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","349.01"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01989999999998,"y":349.0100999999999}
{"page":53,"change":"none","str":"If the sentence still makes sense, then the adjectives are working independently and","dir":"ltr","width":"446.70","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","307.61"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02379999999997,"y":307.6100999999999}
{"page":53,"change":"none","str":" a ","dir":"ltr","width":"13.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","518.65","307.61"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":518.6478,"y":307.6100999999999}
{"page":53,"change":"none","str":"comma is needed between them. ","dir":"ltr","width":"180.02","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","293.81"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02379999999994,"y":293.81009999999986}
{"page":53,"change":"none","str":" cat sat in the sun. (Coordinating adjectives separated with a ","dir":"ltr","width":"323.82","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","204.89","266.21"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":204.88975999999994,"y":266.21009999999984}
{"page":53,"change":"none","str":"comma. Does it pass the test? The yellow and fluffy cat sat in the window. It st","dir":"ltr","width":"414.72","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","252.41"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01985999999994,"y":252.41009999999983}
{"page":53,"change":"none","str":"makes sense. A comma is needed between the adjectives.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"319.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","238.61"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01985999999994,"y":238.61009999999982}
{"page":53,"change":"none","str":"Sarah is an ","dir":"ltr","width":"64.12","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","211.01"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01981999999994,"y":211.0100999999998}
{"page":53,"change":"none","str":"with a comma. Does it pass the test? Sarah is a motivated and intelligent ","dir":"ltr","width":"389.26","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","197.18"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01991999999996,"y":197.1799999999998}
{"page":53,"change":"none","str":"student. It still makes sense. A comma is needed between the adjectives.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"396.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","183.38"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01991999999996,"y":183.3799999999998}
{"page":53,"change":"none","str":"If the sentence does not pass the test, then do not add the comma between","dir":"ltr","width":"400.99","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","155.78"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02381999999996,"y":155.7799999999998}
{"page":53,"change":"none","str":" the ","dir":"ltr","width":"23.35","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","473.05","155.78"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":473.04981999999995,"y":155.7799999999998}
{"page":53,"change":"none","str":"adjectives. These adjectives are called ","dir":"ltr","width":"208.73","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","141.98"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02381999999994,"y":141.9799999999998}
{"page":53,"change":"none","str":" because they build on ","dir":"ltr","width":"123.45","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","404.95","141.98"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":404.94981999999993,"y":141.9799999999998}
{"page":53,"change":"none","str":"one another and need to stay in a specific order. No commas are needed between","dir":"ltr","width":"436.62","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","128.18"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02381999999994,"y":128.17999999999978}
{"page":54,"change":"none","str":" assistant got the work done in record time. (No ","dir":"ltr","width":"254.87","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","262.73","708.96"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":262.73012000000006,"y":708.96}
{"page":54,"change":"none","str":"comma separating the adjectives. Does it pass the comma test? The ","dir":"ltr","width":"367.21","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","695.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02012000000005,"y":695.1401000000001}
{"page":54,"change":"none","str":"administrative and efficient assistant got the work done in record time. It does not ","dir":"ltr","width":"433.29","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","681.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02012000000005,"y":681.3401000000001}
{"page":54,"change":"none","str":"pass the test, so no commas are needed between the adjectives.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"352.98","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","667.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02012000000005,"y":667.5401000000002}
{"page":54,"change":"none","str":" car was speeding. (No comma separating the adjectives. Does it ","dir":"ltr","width":"348.62","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","190.82","639.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":190.82008000000005,"y":639.9401000000003}
{"page":54,"change":"none","str":"pass the comma test? The sports and red car was speeding. It does not pass the ","dir":"ltr","width":"432.68","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","626.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02008000000005,"y":626.1405000000002}
{"page":54,"change":"none","str":"test, so no commas are needed between the adjectives.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"304.35","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","612.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02008000000005,"y":612.3405000000002}
{"page":54,"change":"none","str":"Adverbs describe and modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. Adverbs can a","dir":"ltr","width":"433.83","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","448.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":448.51}
{"page":54,"change":"none","str":"modify phrases or entire sentences. The word ","dir":"ltr","width":"246.59","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","434.83"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":434.8299}
{"page":54,"change":"none","str":" is inside the word ","dir":"ltr","width":"99.28","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","342.31","434.83"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":342.31010000000003,"y":434.8299}
{"page":54,"change":"none","str":", so it is ","dir":"ltr","width":"43.99","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","478.42","434.83"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":478.41990000000004,"y":434.8299}
{"page":54,"change":"none","str":"easy to remember that adverbs describe verbs. Many adverbs end in -ly, but some ","dir":"ltr","width":"441.07","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","420.91"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02390000000003,"y":420.91}
{"page":54,"change":"none","str":"the most common adverbs do not, including","dir":"ltr","width":"232.08","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","407.23"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02390000000008,"y":407.22990000000004}
{"page":54,"change":"none","str":", and ","dir":"ltr","width":"29.95","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","168.86","379.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":168.86032000000006,"y":379.6299}
{"page":54,"change":"none","str":"to what extent","dir":"ltr","width":"74.69","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","198.89","379.63"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":198.89002000000005,"y":379.6299}
{"page":54,"change":"none","str":" Fred arrived at work ","dir":"ltr","width":"113.42","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","165.26","352.01"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":165.2604800000001,"y":352.01000000000005}
{"page":54,"change":"none","str":"Please put your dirty dishes ","dir":"ltr","width":"150.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","338.21"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02034000000015,"y":338.21000000000004}
{"page":54,"change":"none","str":"Mary ran ","dir":"ltr","width":"50.59","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","324.41"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02080000000018,"y":324.41}
{"page":54,"change":"none","str":" that she finished ","dir":"ltr","width":"94.33","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","217.25","324.41"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":217.25080000000017,"y":324.41}
{"page":54,"change":"none","str":" to what extent, ","dir":"ltr","width":"84.60","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","435.67","324.41"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":435.6707000000002,"y":324.41}
{"page":54,"change":"none","str":", and ","dir":"ltr","width":"30.06","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","130.10","310.61"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":130.10080000000022,"y":310.61}
{"page":54,"change":"none","str":"The students listened ","dir":"ltr","width":"117.49","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","255.29"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02094000000022,"y":255.2897}
{"page":54,"change":"none","str":" to the instructions. (Not careful. Adverbs follow ","dir":"ltr","width":"254.16","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","274.61","255.29"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":274.6109400000002,"y":255.2897}
{"page":54,"change":"none","str":"The dinner party went ","dir":"ltr","width":"119.41","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","227.69"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01996,"y":227.69}
{"page":54,"change":"none","str":" on Sunday. (Both unusually and hard are adverbs.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"278.31","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","240.05","213.89"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":240.04996,"y":213.89}
{"page":54,"change":"none","str":"Some adverbs have two acceptable forms: slow, slowly; quick, quickly; deep, deeply; ","dir":"ltr","width":"453.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","186.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":186.2602}
{"page":54,"change":"none","str":"direct, directly; and close, closely. ","dir":"ltr","width":"181.98","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","172.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":172.4602}
{"page":54,"change":"none","str":"Or less formal","dir":"ltr","width":"74.62","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","224.09","144.98"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":224.08986,"y":144.98009999999996}
{"page":54,"change":"none","str":": Sarah drove slow to the game.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"176.91","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","298.73","144.98"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":298.73006,"y":144.98009999999996}
{"page":54,"change":"none","str":"Fred called the president ","dir":"ltr","width":"135.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","131.18"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":131.18}
{"page":54,"change":"none","str":"Or less formal","dir":"ltr","width":"74.62","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","296.69","131.18"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":296.68966,"y":131.18}
{"page":54,"change":"none","str":": Fred called the president ","dir":"ltr","width":"142.14","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","371.35","131.18"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":371.34986000000004,"y":131.18}
{"page":55,"change":"none","str":"Double negatives occur when a negative adverb (","dir":"ltr","width":"263.31","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","709.08"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416000000005,"y":709.08}
{"page":55,"change":"none","str":"is used with a negative verb (","dir":"ltr","width":"155.28","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","695.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416000000005,"y":695.2601000000001}
{"page":55,"change":"none","str":"). Double negatives are considered ","dir":"ltr","width":"189.43","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","323.47","695.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":323.47006000000005,"y":695.2601000000001}
{"page":55,"change":"none","str":"unprofessional and grammatically incorrect. ","dir":"ltr","width":"241.44","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","681.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02406000000005,"y":681.3402000000001}
{"page":55,"change":"none","str":" see without her glasses. (Double negative) ","dir":"ltr","width":"233.64","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","204.65","598.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":204.64988,"y":598.54}
{"page":55,"change":"none","str":"Mary can ","dir":"ltr","width":"52.62","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","584.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01993999999999,"y":584.74}
{"page":55,"change":"none","str":" see without her glasses. (correct) ","dir":"ltr","width":"183.60","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","196.01","584.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":196.01024,"y":584.74}
{"page":55,"change":"none","str":" see without her glasses. (correct, but changes the meaning slightly) ","dir":"ltr","width":"364.98","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","165.98","570.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":165.9805,"y":570.94}
{"page":55,"change":"none","str":"Comparative and Superlative Forms","dir":"ltr","width":"410.69","height":"24.00","transform":["24.00","0.00","0.00","24.00","72.02","478.63"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02430000000001,"y":478.63020000000006}
{"page":55,"change":"none","str":"Do you need to compare something in your sentence? Adjectives work to compare ","dir":"ltr","width":"441.37","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","448.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":448.5102}
{"page":55,"change":"none","str":"nouns and pronouns. Adverbs are used to compare verbs. Adjectives and adverbs hav","dir":"ltr","width":"459.43","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","434.71"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":434.7102}
{"page":55,"change":"none","str":"three degrees: positive, comparative, and superlative. The ","dir":"ltr","width":"312.04","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","420.91"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02379999999994,"y":420.9102}
{"page":55,"change":"none","str":" of an ","dir":"ltr","width":"33.31","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","472.54","420.91"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":472.53959999999995,"y":420.9102}
{"page":55,"change":"none","str":"adjective or adverb is used when it modifies only one word. The ","dir":"ltr","width":"340.66","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","407.11"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02359999999993,"y":407.11019999999996}
{"page":55,"change":"none","str":"used when comparing two items. The ","dir":"ltr","width":"201.99","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","393.31"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02359999999999,"y":393.31019999999995}
{"page":55,"change":"none","str":" is used to compare three or ","dir":"ltr","width":"152.76","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","380.23","393.31"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":380.2296,"y":393.31019999999995}
{"page":55,"change":"none","str":"The comparative degree of one- and two-syllable adjectives is formed by adding ","dir":"ltr","width":"428.21","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","309.53"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":309.5299}
{"page":55,"change":"none","str":" or ","dir":"ltr","width":"17.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","508.30","309.53"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":508.29972,"y":309.5299}
{"page":55,"change":"none","str":" to the ending (","dir":"ltr","width":"79.97","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","82.70","295.73"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":82.70381999999996,"y":295.7299}
{"page":55,"change":"none","str":"). The superlative degree of one- and two- ","dir":"ltr","width":"226.83","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","305.57","295.73"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":305.56971999999996,"y":295.7299}
{"page":55,"change":"none","str":"syllable adjectives is formed by adding ","dir":"ltr","width":"207.99","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","281.93"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02371999999997,"y":281.9299}
{"page":55,"change":"none","str":"to the ending (","dir":"ltr","width":"76.64","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","334.27","281.93"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":334.26962,"y":281.9299}
{"page":55,"change":"none","str":"). If the adjective ends in ","dir":"ltr","width":"133.28","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","114.86","268.13"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":114.86001999999996,"y":268.12989999999996}
{"page":55,"change":"none","str":", change the ","dir":"ltr","width":"69.38","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","254.21","268.13"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":254.21009999999995,"y":268.12989999999996}
{"page":55,"change":"none","str":"Long adjectives (three or more syllables) and adjectives that are difficult to pronounce","dir":"ltr","width":"453.98","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","226.61"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02373000000001,"y":226.60999999999996}
{"page":55,"change":"none","str":"form the comparative and superlative degrees by adding the words","dir":"ltr","width":"354.65","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","212.93"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02373,"y":212.92989999999995}
{"page":55,"change":"none","str":"re beneficial, most beneficial","dir":"ltr","width":"151.45","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","92.66","199.10"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":92.66407999999998,"y":199.09979999999996}
{"page":55,"change":"none","str":") and ","dir":"ltr","width":"30.68","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","244.25","199.10"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":244.25008,"y":199.09979999999996}
{"page":55,"change":"none","str":"less popular, least popular","dir":"ltr","width":"140.06","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","355.63","199.10"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":355.6301700000001,"y":199.09979999999996}
{"page":55,"change":"none","str":"Used to describe ","dir":"ltr","width":"93.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","165.74","137.78"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":165.73970000000003,"y":137.78}
{"page":55,"change":"none","str":" the word","dir":"ltr","width":"49.39","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","165.74","123.98"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":165.73970000000003,"y":123.98}
{"page":55,"change":"none","str":"Used to compare two ","dir":"ltr","width":"116.65","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","271.85","137.78"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":271.84979999999996,"y":137.78}
{"page":55,"change":"none","str":"persons or things ","dir":"ltr","width":"95.44","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","271.85","123.98"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":271.84979999999996,"y":123.98}
{"page":55,"change":"none","str":" or ","dir":"ltr","width":"17.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","343.99","110.30"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":343.98962,"y":110.29990000000001}
{"page":55,"change":"none","str":"Used to compare three ","dir":"ltr","width":"125.29","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","397.99","137.78"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":397.99,"y":137.78}
{"page":55,"change":"none","str":"or more persons or ","dir":"ltr","width":"104.89","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","397.99","123.98"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":397.99,"y":123.98}
{"page":55,"change":"none","str":" or ","dir":"ltr","width":"17.28","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","475.54","96.50"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":475.53997000000004,"y":96.50380000000001}
{"page":56,"change":"none","str":"Ending in ","dir":"ltr","width":"58.03","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","652.90"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":652.9}
{"page":56,"change":"none","str":"Three or more ","dir":"ltr","width":"84.05","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","588.94"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":588.94}
{"page":56,"change":"none","str":"Mary‟s shoes are ","dir":"ltr","width":"94.70","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","529.51"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":529.5101000000001}
{"page":56,"change":"none","str":"Sarah‟s shoes are ","dir":"ltr","width":"100.08","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","515.71"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.02002000000002,"y":515.7101000000001}
{"page":56,"change":"none","str":"Fred‟s shoes are the ","dir":"ltr","width":"112.69","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","501.91"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.01995000000005,"y":501.9101000000001}
{"page":56,"change":"none","str":" in the family. (Superlative degree) ","dir":"ltr","width":"186.00","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","261.65","501.91"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":261.64995000000005,"y":501.9101000000001}
{"page":56,"change":"none","str":"The new copy machine is ","dir":"ltr","width":"138.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","474.31"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02001000000004,"y":474.3101000000001}
{"page":56,"change":"none","str":"The new copy machine is ","dir":"ltr","width":"138.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","460.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02019000000007,"y":460.5101000000001}
{"page":56,"change":"none","str":" than the last copy machine. ","dir":"ltr","width":"152.57","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","325.63","460.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":325.6303900000001,"y":460.5101000000001}
{"page":56,"change":"none","str":"The new copy machine is the ","dir":"ltr","width":"158.72","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","432.91"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02035000000008,"y":432.91010000000006}
{"page":56,"change":"none","str":" one on campus. (Superlative ","dir":"ltr","width":"159.21","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","344.83","432.91"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":344.83035000000007,"y":432.91010000000006}
{"page":56,"change":"none","str":"Some adjectives do not follow the rules when forming their comparative and supe","dir":"ltr","width":"431.74","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","379.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02425000000007,"y":379.5101}
{"page":56,"change":"none","str":"degrees. These are called irregular adjectives. They play by their own rules. ","dir":"ltr","width":"405.50","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","365.69"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02425000000005,"y":365.68980000000005}
{"page":56,"change":"none","str":"Adverbs are used to modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. One-syllable a","dir":"ltr","width":"425.63","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","155.78"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":155.78}
{"page":56,"change":"none","str":"form their comparative degree by adding ","dir":"ltr","width":"218.70","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","142.10"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":142.0999}
{"page":56,"change":"none","str":" or ","dir":"ltr","width":"17.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","298.85","142.10"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":298.84972,"y":142.0999}
{"page":56,"change":"none","str":"to the ending. One-syllable adverbs ","dir":"ltr","width":"192.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","334.27","142.10"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":334.26962,"y":142.0999}
{"page":56,"change":"none","str":"form their superlative degree by adding ","dir":"ltr","width":"211.37","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","128.30"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02362,"y":128.29989999999998}
{"page":56,"change":"none","str":" to the ending. Most adverbs are ","dir":"ltr","width":"175.27","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","334.27","128.30"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":334.26942,"y":128.29989999999998}
{"page":56,"change":"none","str":"longer than one syllable. Adverbs with two or more syllables form their comparative by ","dir":"ltr","width":"459.94","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","114.38"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02342000000004,"y":114.37999999999998}
{"page":56,"change":"none","str":" or ","dir":"ltr","width":"17.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","138.74","100.70"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":138.73942000000005,"y":100.69989999999999}
{"page":56,"change":"none","str":") or ","dir":"ltr","width":"21.34","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","273.53","100.70"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":273.5296400000001,"y":100.69989999999999}
{"page":56,"change":"none","str":" or ","dir":"ltr","width":"17.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","316.13","100.70"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":316.1296400000001,"y":100.69989999999999}
{"page":57,"change":"none","str":" for one-syllable ","dir":"ltr","width":"88.03","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","279.41","675.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":279.40996,"y":675.4599}
{"page":57,"change":"none","str":"adverbs. Most use ","dir":"ltr","width":"104.82","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","222.65","661.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":222.64976000000001,"y":661.5396}
{"page":57,"change":"none","str":" to one-","dir":"ltr","width":"40.72","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","449.98","675.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":449.98010000000005,"y":675.4599}
{"page":57,"change":"none","str":"syllable adverbs. Most use ","dir":"ltr","width":"148.17","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","382.51","661.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":382.51020000000005,"y":661.5396}
{"page":57,"change":"none","str":"Two or more ","dir":"ltr","width":"75.43","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","597.70"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":597.7}
{"page":57,"change":"none","str":"Two or more ","dir":"ltr","width":"75.43","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","558.82"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":558.82}
{"page":57,"change":"none","str":"Two or more ","dir":"ltr","width":"75.43","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","519.91"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":519.91}
{"page":57,"change":"none","str":"Some adverbs form their comparative and superlative degrees irregularly. These are ","dir":"ltr","width":"451.41","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","486.31"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":486.31}
{"page":57,"change":"none","str":"called irregular adverbs, and they play by their own rules. It is a good idea to check a ","dir":"ltr","width":"452.88","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","472.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":472.51}
{"page":57,"change":"none","str":"current dictionary if you are uncertain. ","dir":"ltr","width":"204.03","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","458.71"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":458.71}
{"page":57,"change":"none","str":"Commonly Confused Adjectives and Adverbs","dir":"ltr","width":"389.97","height":"18.00","transform":["18.00","0.00","0.00","18.00","72.02","247.25"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":247.2498}
{"page":57,"change":"none","str":"Adjectives and adverbs do similar jobs, so it is easy to get them mixed up. Adjectives ","dir":"ltr","width":"453.18","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","218.21"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":218.20999999999998}
{"page":57,"change":"none","str":"describe nouns and pronouns. Adverbs describe verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs.","dir":"ltr","width":"456.63","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","204.53"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":204.52989999999997}
{"page":57,"change":"none","str":" (adj. - nearly): Almost everyone is here today. ","dir":"ltr","width":"248.62","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","112.58","176.90"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":112.58001999999993,"y":176.89989999999995}
{"page":57,"change":"none","str":"(adj. - greatest in amount): Most students are happy that midterms are over.","dir":"ltr","width":"402.16","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","103.34","163.10"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":103.34001999999995,"y":163.09989999999993}
{"page":57,"change":"none","str":" (adverb - distance): How much farther are we driving? ","dir":"ltr","width":"292.61","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","113.42","135.50"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":113.42011999999994,"y":135.4998999999999}
{"page":57,"change":"none","str":" (adverb - additionally): We should talk about this further.","dir":"ltr","width":"300.75","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","114.02","121.70"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":114.02021999999998,"y":121.69989999999991}
{"page":57,"change":"none","str":": the word ","dir":"ltr","width":"55.97","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","90.74","108.02"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":90.74451999999997,"y":108.01979999999992}
{"page":57,"change":"none","str":" is hidden in the word ","dir":"ltr","width":"116.51","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","160.82","108.02"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":160.82021999999995,"y":108.01979999999992}
{"page":57,"change":"none","str":". Farther refers to distance.","dir":"ltr","width":"144.21","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","312.17","108.02"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":312.17031999999995,"y":108.01979999999992}
{"page":57,"change":"none","str":" (adj. - certain): She is sure that she wants to go on vacation.","dir":"ltr","width":"322.67","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","98.78","80.30"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":98.78399999999999,"y":80.3039}
{"page":58,"change":"none","str":" (adverb - certainly): He will surely win the gold medal. ","dir":"ltr","width":"290.86","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.62","708.96"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.62026000000006,"y":708.96}
{"page":58,"change":"none","str":" (adverb - after a certain time): He will sign the contract later. ","dir":"ltr","width":"324.62","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","101.42","681.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":101.42036000000009,"y":681.3401}
{"page":58,"change":"none","str":" (adj. - the second of two things): Between the tea and the coffee, I choo","dir":"ltr","width":"382.66","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","105.38","667.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":105.38066000000006,"y":667.5397}
{"page":58,"change":"none","str":"se the ","dir":"ltr","width":"35.95","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","488.08","667.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":488.0796600000001,"y":667.5397}
{"page":58,"change":"none","str":" (adj. - refers to countable items): Ten items or fewer are allowed in this checko","dir":"ltr","width":"419.25","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","106.82","626.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":106.82076000000009,"y":626.1401000000001}
{"page":58,"change":"none","str":" (adj. - refers to amounts or quantities): There is less water in Lake Washington ","dir":"ltr","width":"422.82","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","99.50","598.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":99.50486000000006,"y":598.5397000000002}
{"page":58,"change":"none","str":"than in the Pacific Ocean.","dir":"ltr","width":"136.79","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","584.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02476000000007,"y":584.7397000000002}
{"page":58,"change":"none","str":" with nouns you can count individually, and ","dir":"ltr","width":"230.62","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","152.18","570.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":152.18096000000006,"y":570.9397000000002}
{"page":58,"change":"none","str":" with nouns you cannot ","dir":"ltr","width":"126.13","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","406.39","570.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":406.3906600000001,"y":570.9397000000002}
{"page":58,"change":"none","str":" (adj. - actual, genuine) A real diamond is worth more than a fake diamond. ","dir":"ltr","width":"400.68","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","97.46","529.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":97.46486000000009,"y":529.5100000000002}
{"page":58,"change":"none","str":"(adverb - actually, truly) He is really excited to go on vacation. ","dir":"ltr","width":"330.78","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","110.66","515.71"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":110.66116000000011,"y":515.7100000000003}
{"page":58,"change":"none","str":" (adj. desirable) A number of students received a good score on the test. ","dir":"ltr","width":"387.39","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","103.34","488.11"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":103.34116000000009,"y":488.11000000000024}
{"page":58,"change":"none","str":" (adv. satisfactorily): He did well on the exam. ","dir":"ltr","width":"244.54","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","96.75","474.31"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":96.74546000000015,"y":474.31000000000023}
{"page":58,"change":"none","str":"(adv. healthy): He feels well enough to go to school. ","dir":"ltr","width":"278.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","460.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02146000000016,"y":460.5100000000002}
{"page":58,"change":"none","str":"Adverb and Adjective Placement","dir":"ltr","width":"278.94","height":"18.00","transform":["18.00","0.00","0.00","18.00","72.03","380.95"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02546000000018,"y":380.9498000000002}
{"page":58,"change":"none","str":"Adverb and adjectives should be placed close to the words they describe, especially ","dir":"ltr","width":"449.13","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","351.89"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":351.89}
{"page":58,"change":"none","str":"with the words ","dir":"ltr","width":"79.94","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","338.21"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":338.21029999999996}
{"page":58,"change":"none","str":", and ","dir":"ltr","width":"29.95","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","284.81","338.21"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":284.81016,"y":338.21029999999996}
{"page":58,"change":"none","str":". The position of the adjective or ","dir":"ltr","width":"173.28","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","333.55","338.21"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":333.54996,"y":338.21029999999996}
{"page":58,"change":"none","str":"adverb can change the meaning of the sentence. ","dir":"ltr","width":"263.39","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","324.29"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02395999999999,"y":324.28999999999996}
{"page":58,"change":"none","str":" Mary can get the project done. (Mary is the only person that can get the ","dir":"ltr","width":"386.16","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","134.54","296.69"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":134.53992,"y":296.68999999999994}
{"page":58,"change":"none","str":"Mary can ","dir":"ltr","width":"52.62","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","269.09"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01997999999999,"y":269.0899999999999}
{"page":58,"change":"none","str":" get the project done. (Mary cannot do anything else. She can only ","dir":"ltr","width":"356.05","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","185.18","269.09"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":185.18017999999998,"y":269.0899999999999}
{"page":58,"change":"none","str":"get the project done.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"116.77","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","255.29"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01997999999998,"y":255.2899999999999}
{"page":58,"change":"none","str":"Be sure to proofread your sentences carefully. Even when the adverb or adjective is ","dir":"ltr","width":"448.28","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","227.69"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02387999999998,"y":227.6899999999999}
{"page":58,"change":"none","str":"close to the word it is modifying, the placement can affect the entire meaning of the","dir":"ltr","width":"440.11","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","213.89"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02387999999998,"y":213.8899999999999}
{"page":58,"change":"none","str":"The boss noticed that ","dir":"ltr","width":"118.07","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","172.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01993999999996,"y":172.4602999999999}
{"page":58,"change":"none","str":" Fred took notes at the meeting. (Fred was the only ","dir":"ltr","width":"274.81","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","250.61","172.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":250.61003999999997,"y":172.4602999999999}
{"page":58,"change":"none","str":"person at the meeting taking notes.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"194.89","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","158.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02003999999997,"y":158.6602999999999}
{"page":58,"change":"none","str":"The boss noticed that Fred","dir":"ltr","width":"142.77","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","144.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01999999999997,"y":144.86029999999988}
{"page":58,"change":"none","str":"took notes at the meeting. (Fred didn‟t ","dir":"ltr","width":"205.50","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","282.05","144.86"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":282.04996,"y":144.86029999999988}
{"page":58,"change":"none","str":"participate in any other way at the meeting. He only took notes.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"342.27","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","131.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01996,"y":131.06029999999987}
{"page":58,"change":"none","str":"He hit ","dir":"ltr","width":"34.75","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","91.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01992,"y":91.46419999999988}
{"page":58,"change":"none","str":" every car in the parking lot. (He hit a majority of the cars in the ","dir":"ltr","width":"336.66","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","181.46","91.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":181.46012,"y":91.46419999999988}
{"page":59,"change":"none","str":" hit every car in the parking lot. (He came close to hitting a majority of ","dir":"ltr","width":"370.82","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","165.50","708.96"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":165.50032000000004,"y":708.96}
{"page":59,"change":"none","str":"the cars in the parking lot, but he missed them all.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"271.59","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","695.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02022000000005,"y":695.1401000000001}
{"page":59,"change":"none","str":" (Adjectives and Adverbs)","dir":"ltr","width":"136.62","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","345.55","614.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":345.55,"y":614.14}
{"page":59,"change":"none","str":"Prepositions show the relationship of a noun or pronoun in time or space. Where are ","dir":"ltr","width":"450.65","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","426.67"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":426.66979999999995}
{"page":59,"change":"none","str":"your keys? They are ","dir":"ltr","width":"112.08","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","412.99"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":412.98969999999997}
{"page":59,"change":"none","str":" your purse, ","dir":"ltr","width":"66.76","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","279.53","412.99"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":279.53003,"y":412.98969999999997}
{"page":59,"change":"none","str":" the book, or ","dir":"ltr","width":"70.04","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","379.63","412.99"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":379.63003000000003,"y":412.98969999999997}
{"page":59,"change":"none","str":" the ","dir":"ltr","width":"23.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","497.74","412.99"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":497.73983000000004,"y":412.98969999999997}
{"page":59,"change":"none","str":". Prepositions can also show ownership, for example: ","dir":"ltr","width":"285.91","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","121.46","399.19"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":121.46013000000004,"y":399.18969999999996}
{"page":59,"change":"none","str":"France, the ","dir":"ltr","width":"64.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","476.38","399.19"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":476.38003000000003,"y":399.18969999999996}
{"page":59,"change":"none","str":" Hawaii, or the motorcycle belonging","dir":"ltr","width":"193.25","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","132.14","385.39"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":132.14003000000002,"y":385.38969999999995}
{"page":59,"change":"none","str":" to ","dir":"ltr","width":"17.98","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","325.63","385.39"],"fontName":"JSXJHV+Arial,BoldItalic","x":325.63003000000003,"y":385.38969999999995}
{"page":59,"change":"none","str":"Prepositions can show ","dir":"ltr","width":"123.26","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","374.95","385.39"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":374.94993000000005,"y":385.38969999999995}
{"page":59,"change":"none","str":"possession, location, direction, time, and figurative location. ","dir":"ltr","width":"319.38","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","371.45"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02393000000006,"y":371.44989999999996}
{"page":59,"change":"none","str":"toward, in (Think of it as anywhere your keys could be hiding)","dir":"ltr","width":"325.64","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","310.61"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":72.0238,"y":310.61}
{"page":59,"change":"none","str":"Prepositions are team players; they cannot act alone. A preposition acts as part of a ","dir":"ltr","width":"447.96","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","220.85"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":220.85019999999997}
{"page":59,"change":"none","str":"prepositional phrase, which includes the preposition, the object of the preposition, and ","dir":"ltr","width":"458.73","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","207.05"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":207.05019999999996}
{"page":59,"change":"none","str":"any modifiers. The object of the preposition is always a noun or pronoun. ","dir":"ltr","width":"389.22","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","193.22"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":193.22009999999997}
{"page":59,"change":"none","str":"Please put your phone ","dir":"ltr","width":"123.37","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","165.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":165.73999999999998}
{"page":59,"change":"none","str":" the table","dir":"ltr","width":"49.34","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","246.17","165.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":246.16966,"y":165.73999999999998}
{"page":59,"change":"none","str":" is the preposition. The object of the ","dir":"ltr","width":"193.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","322.27","165.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":322.26966,"y":165.73999999999998}
{"page":59,"change":"none","str":"preposition is ","dir":"ltr","width":"74.09","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","151.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":151.94}
{"page":59,"change":"none","str":" is a modifier.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"78.70","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","235.49","151.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":235.4899,"y":151.94}
{"page":59,"change":"none","str":"Dan found the book ","dir":"ltr","width":"108.12","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","138.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01996,"y":138.2603}
{"page":59,"change":"none","str":" the couch","dir":"ltr","width":"55.37","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","249.53","138.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":249.53016000000002,"y":138.2603}
{"page":59,"change":"none","str":" is the preposition. The object of the ","dir":"ltr","width":"193.37","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","348.31","138.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":348.31025999999997,"y":138.2603}
{"page":59,"change":"none","str":"preposition is ","dir":"ltr","width":"74.09","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","124.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":124.46}
{"page":59,"change":"none","str":" is a modifier) ","dir":"ltr","width":"75.22","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","241.61","124.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":241.6103,"y":124.46}
{"page":59,"change":"none","str":"Christie went ","dir":"ltr","width":"72.64","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","110.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02035999999998,"y":110.66}
{"page":59,"change":"none","str":" is the preposition. The object of the preposition is ","dir":"ltr","width":"267.39","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","247.37","110.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":247.37036,"y":110.66}
{"page":60,"change":"none","str":"Prepositions and Pronouns","dir":"ltr","width":"235.04","height":"18.00","transform":["18.00","0.00","0.00","18.00","72.02","682.78"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02416000000005,"y":682.7802}
{"page":60,"change":"none","str":"If the object of a preposition is a pronoun, then it must be in the objective case (him, ","dir":"ltr","width":"447.27","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","653.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":653.74}
{"page":60,"change":"none","str":"Let‟s keep the information ","dir":"ltr","width":"140.73","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","612.34"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":612.3404}
{"page":60,"change":"none","str":" you and me. (Not I) Between is the ","dir":"ltr","width":"191.42","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","296.93","612.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":296.92985999999996,"y":612.3404}
{"page":60,"change":"none","str":"preposition. The objects of the preposition are ","dir":"ltr","width":"246.62","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","598.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":598.66}
{"page":60,"change":"none","str":" and ","dir":"ltr","width":"26.59","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","374.35","598.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":374.34979999999996,"y":598.66}
{"page":60,"change":"none","str":" Nancy and him are rare. (Not he) Like is the preposition. The ","dir":"ltr","width":"328.73","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","178.82","584.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":178.81977999999998,"y":584.7397}
{"page":60,"change":"none","str":"objects of the preposition are ","dir":"ltr","width":"157.41","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","571.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":571.06}
{"page":60,"change":"none","str":" and ","dir":"ltr","width":"26.59","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","299.69","571.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":299.6897,"y":571.06}
{"page":60,"change":"none","str":"Dave sat ","dir":"ltr","width":"50.69","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","557.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01988,"y":557.1401}
{"page":60,"change":"none","str":" at the concert. (Not I) Beside is the preposition. The object ","dir":"ltr","width":"315.92","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","216.89","557.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":216.88982,"y":557.1401}
{"page":60,"change":"none","str":"of the preposition is ","dir":"ltr","width":"107.41","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","543.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":543.46}
{"page":60,"change":"none","str":"Would‟ve, could‟ve, and should‟ve are contractions of the verb phrases would have, ","dir":"ltr","width":"446.12","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","438.79"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":438.79}
{"page":60,"change":"none","str":"could have, and should have. When people use the contractions, it might so","dir":"ltr","width":"402.48","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","424.99"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":424.99}
{"page":60,"change":"none","str":"und like ","dir":"ltr","width":"44.69","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","474.44","424.99"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":474.4358,"y":424.99}
{"page":60,"change":"none","str":"they are saying ","dir":"ltr","width":"84.65","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","411.31"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":411.3103}
{"page":60,"change":"none","str":"would of, could of,","dir":"ltr","width":"96.72","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","156.74","411.31"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":156.7398,"y":411.3103}
{"page":60,"change":"none","str":" and ","dir":"ltr","width":"26.59","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","253.61","411.31"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":253.6101,"y":411.3103}
{"page":60,"change":"none","str":" It might sound similar when spoken, ","dir":"ltr","width":"197.18","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","335.71","411.31"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":335.7101,"y":411.3103}
{"page":60,"change":"none","str":"but it looks different when it is written. The verb phrases are ","dir":"ltr","width":"319.96","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","397.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02410000000003,"y":397.5103}
{"page":60,"change":"none","str":"could have (","dir":"ltr","width":"65.47","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","383.71"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":72.02400000000011,"y":383.71029999999996}
{"page":60,"change":"none","str":"should have (","dir":"ltr","width":"71.96","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","226.25","383.71"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":226.25020000000012,"y":383.71029999999996}
{"page":60,"change":"none","str":" is never correct. ","dir":"ltr","width":"91.96","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","421.15","383.71"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":421.15012000000013,"y":383.71029999999996}
{"page":60,"change":"none","str":" brought her book to class. (Not ","dir":"ltr","width":"170.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","215.33","356.09"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":215.33028000000013,"y":356.09}
{"page":60,"change":"none","str":" won the race. (Not ","dir":"ltr","width":"104.64","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","204.77","342.29"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":204.77024000000011,"y":342.28999999999996}
{"page":60,"change":"none","str":" brought the doughnuts, but the shop was closed. (Not ","dir":"ltr","width":"291.32","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","192.05","328.49"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":192.0503000000001,"y":328.48999999999995}
{"page":60,"change":"none","str":"From, off, off of","dir":"ltr","width":"107.16","height":"14.52","transform":["14.52","0.00","0.00","14.52","72.02","286.49"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02450000000016,"y":286.48999999999995}
{"page":60,"change":"none","str":"are both prepositions, but they do not mean the same thing. They are not ","dir":"ltr","width":"390.60","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","143.42","272.21"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":143.41986,"y":272.21}
{"page":60,"change":"none","str":" is the opposite of ","dir":"ltr","width":"97.46","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","180.14","258.41"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":180.13982000000001,"y":258.40999999999997}
{"page":60,"change":"none","str":"; be sure that meaning works in your sentence. ","dir":"ltr","width":"251.89","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","291.05","258.41"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":291.04992,"y":258.40999999999997}
{"page":60,"change":"none","str":"Some people say “","dir":"ltr","width":"100.00","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","244.61"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":72.02391999999998,"y":244.60999999999996}
{"page":60,"change":"none","str":"” instead of “","dir":"ltr","width":"66.68","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","198.89","244.61"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":198.88971999999995,"y":244.60999999999996}
{"page":60,"change":"none","str":" This is considered informal. The extra ","dir":"ltr","width":"206.54","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","286.25","244.61"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":286.24984,"y":244.60999999999996}
{"page":60,"change":"none","str":"preposition is not necessary for clarity, but it slips into casual conversation. For formal ","dir":"ltr","width":"457.42","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","230.69"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02384,"y":230.68969999999996}
{"page":60,"change":"none","str":"documents, do not add “of” unless it is necessary for clarity. ","dir":"ltr","width":"319.16","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","216.89"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":72.02384,"y":216.88969999999995}
{"page":60,"change":"none","str":"Fred borrowed the book ","dir":"ltr","width":"130.65","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","189.38"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.0199,"y":189.37999999999994}
{"page":60,"change":"none","str":") In order to bo","dir":"ltr","width":"78.61","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","346.99","189.38"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":346.9897,"y":189.37999999999994}
{"page":60,"change":"none","str":"rrow a book “off” ","dir":"ltr","width":"90.67","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","425.71","189.38"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":425.71000000000004,"y":189.37999999999994}
{"page":60,"change":"none","str":"Sarah, then the book would need to first be “on” Sarah. Is she wearing the b","dir":"ltr","width":"402.62","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","175.46"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.02,"y":175.46}
{"page":60,"change":"none","str":"Probably not. Does she own the book? Yes. Fred borrowed the book from Sarah","dir":"ltr","width":"426.64","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","161.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01999999999998,"y":161.66}
{"page":60,"change":"none","str":") The meaning is clear and concise ","dir":"ltr","width":"189.47","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","344.35","134.18"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":344.35026000000005,"y":134.17989999999998}
{"page":60,"change":"none","str":"without the additional preposition. ","dir":"ltr","width":"184.81","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","120.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":120.26}
{"page":60,"change":"none","str":"To and too","dir":"ltr","width":"74.14","height":"14.52","transform":["14.52","0.00","0.00","14.52","72.02","78.38"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0239,"y":78.38380000000001}
{"page":61,"change":"none","str":" are have different meanings and they are not interchangeable. The ","dir":"ltr","width":"361.23","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","129.50","709.08"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":129.50026000000005,"y":709.08}
{"page":61,"change":"none","str":"means “moving toward.” The adverb","dir":"ltr","width":"192.45","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","147.50","695.26"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":147.50029000000006,"y":695.2601000000001}
{"page":61,"change":"none","str":"They wanted to go ","dir":"ltr","width":"102.11","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","653.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02035000000006,"y":653.7398000000001}
{"page":61,"change":"none","str":" the movie","dir":"ltr","width":"55.27","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","221.57","653.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":221.57045000000005,"y":653.7398000000001}
{"page":61,"change":"none","str":"The movie was ","dir":"ltr","width":"83.90","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","626.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":626.1401999999999}
{"page":61,"change":"none","str":"Many prepositions do similar jobs, so it is common to get confused about which one to ","dir":"ltr","width":"459.92","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","483.07"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":483.07}
{"page":61,"change":"none","str":" is usually used to speak of three or more people or things. ","dir":"ltr","width":"314.92","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","113.18","424.99"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":113.1801,"y":424.99}
{"page":61,"change":"none","str":" is usually used to speak of only two people or things. ","dir":"ltr","width":"286.64","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","121.46","411.19"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":121.46039999999998,"y":411.19}
{"page":61,"change":"none","str":" California and Oregon is very mountainous. ","dir":"ltr","width":"240.75","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","218.21","383.59"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":218.21076000000002,"y":383.59}
{"page":61,"change":"none","str":"Please divide the pie evenly ","dir":"ltr","width":"151.77","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","369.77"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":369.77}
{"page":61,"change":"none","str":" the six children","dir":"ltr","width":"83.52","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","299.33","369.77"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":299.33006,"y":369.77}
{"page":61,"change":"none","str":" means ","dir":"ltr","width":"42.66","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","111.50","313.61"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":111.5,"y":313.61}
{"page":61,"change":"none","str":" in line ordered the last scone. ","dir":"ltr","width":"163.44","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","280.85","272.09"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":280.85002000000003,"y":272.0897}
{"page":61,"change":"none","str":" the scone, she ordered two lattes and a muffin. ","dir":"ltr","width":"256.11","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","154.10","258.29"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":154.09996,"y":258.29}
{"page":61,"change":"none","str":" and ","dir":"ltr","width":"26.59","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.86","202.10"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.86009999999999,"y":202.1}
{"page":61,"change":"none","str":" are different parts of speech. They might sound similar when ","dir":"ltr","width":"327.78","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","170.90","202.10"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":170.8999,"y":202.1}
{"page":61,"change":"none","str":"spoken, but they are different. ","dir":"ltr","width":"162.03","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","188.18"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0237,"y":188.18009999999998}
{"page":61,"change":"none","str":"is a preposition meaning “excluding” or “but.” ","dir":"ltr","width":"240.68","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","114.86","174.38"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":114.86005999999999,"y":174.38009999999997}
{"page":61,"change":"none","str":"is a verb meaning “consent to receive.” ","dir":"ltr","width":"210.09","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","115.22","160.58"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":115.22013000000001,"y":160.58009999999996}
{"page":61,"change":"none","str":" Andrew was at school. ","dir":"ltr","width":"129.96","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","200.21","132.98"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":200.21039000000002,"y":132.98009999999994}
{"page":61,"change":"none","str":"Ava will ","dir":"ltr","width":"43.90","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","119.18"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":119.18}
{"page":61,"change":"none","str":" the award on his behalf. ","dir":"ltr","width":"137.43","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","190.10","119.18"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":190.09995999999998,"y":119.18}
{"page":62,"change":"none","str":"In, into, in to","dir":"ltr","width":"86.23","height":"14.52","transform":["14.52","0.00","0.00","14.52","72.02","706.66"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02416000000005,"y":706.6600000000001}
{"page":62,"change":"none","str":" shows a location or position","dir":"ltr","width":"150.78","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","82.70","692.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":82.70389999999999,"y":692.26}
{"page":62,"change":"none","str":" has three meanings and all of them show action: ","dir":"ltr","width":"264.03","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","93.98","678.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":93.98410000000003,"y":678.46}
{"page":62,"change":"none","str":"3. Making contact","dir":"ltr","width":"94.15","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","637.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02016000000002,"y":637.0600000000002}
{"page":62,"change":"none","str":" can happen when using the preposition ","dir":"ltr","width":"215.31","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","97.34","623.38"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":97.34466000000003,"y":623.3799000000001}
{"page":62,"change":"none","str":", followed by the word","dir":"ltr","width":"115.92","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","322.27","623.38"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":322.27074000000005,"y":623.3799000000001}
{"page":62,"change":"none","str":" These words ","dir":"ltr","width":"75.28","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","458.38","623.38"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":458.38071000000014,"y":623.3799000000001}
{"page":62,"change":"none","str":"can show up next to each other in a sentence. ","dir":"ltr","width":"248.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","609.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02471000000014,"y":609.4600000000002}
{"page":62,"change":"none","str":"The chocolate chip cookies were ","dir":"ltr","width":"177.32","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","581.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02077000000017,"y":581.8600000000001}
{"page":62,"change":"none","str":" the kitchen. (location) ","dir":"ltr","width":"120.72","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","296.21","581.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":296.21087000000017,"y":581.8600000000001}
{"page":62,"change":"none","str":" the kitchen to get a cookie. (entering something) ","dir":"ltr","width":"262.83","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","195.53","568.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":195.53103000000016,"y":568.0600000000002}
{"page":62,"change":"none","str":" to see Fred. (preposition ","dir":"ltr","width":"136.73","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","176.78","554.38"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":176.78129000000015,"y":554.3799000000001}
{"page":62,"change":"none","str":" followed by the infinitive ","dir":"ltr","width":"133.19","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","322.99","554.38"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":322.99098000000015,"y":554.3799000000001}
{"page":62,"change":"none","str":" a butterfly. (changing form) ","dir":"ltr","width":"150.12","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","246.77","526.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":246.76962,"y":526.6299}
{"page":62,"change":"none","str":"Like, as, as if, as though","dir":"ltr","width":"167.58","height":"14.52","transform":["14.52","0.00","0.00","14.52","72.02","484.75"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02362,"y":484.7498}
{"page":62,"change":"none","str":" can be used as a preposition to introduce a noun or a pronoun. Do not use it to","dir":"ltr","width":"421.26","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","94.10","470.47"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":94.1039,"y":470.47}
{"page":62,"change":"none","str":"introduce a clause. If everything after the word ","dir":"ltr","width":"249.24","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","456.67"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02390000000003,"y":456.67}
{"page":62,"change":"none","str":" could form a complete sentence, ","dir":"ltr","width":"179.97","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","339.55","456.67"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":339.54990000000004,"y":456.67}
{"page":62,"change":"none","str":" is not being used correctly. Use ","dir":"ltr","width":"173.97","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","116.78","442.87"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":116.78020000000002,"y":442.87}
{"page":62,"change":"none","str":"as, as if,","dir":"ltr","width":"47.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","290.93","442.87"],"fontName":"JSXJHV+Arial,BoldItalic","x":290.9302,"y":442.87}
{"page":62,"change":"none","str":" to introduce clauses. ","dir":"ltr","width":"116.75","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","412.87","442.87"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":412.87,"y":442.87}
{"page":62,"change":"none","str":"Mary looks like a movie star. (","dir":"ltr","width":"158.84","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","415.27"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02005999999994,"y":415.27000000000004}
{"page":62,"change":"none","str":" introduces the noun ","dir":"ltr","width":"112.05","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","288.89","415.27"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":288.8898599999999,"y":415.27000000000004}
{"page":62,"change":"none","str":"He looks as though he needs a vacation. (","dir":"ltr","width":"224.24","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","401.47"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":401.47}
{"page":62,"change":"none","str":"He needs a vacation","dir":"ltr","width":"109.32","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","332.35","401.47"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":332.34986000000004,"y":401.47}
{"page":62,"change":"none","str":" is an independent ","dir":"ltr","width":"101.29","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","441.79","401.47"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":441.78986000000003,"y":401.47}
{"page":62,"change":"none","str":"She looks as ","dir":"ltr","width":"72.08","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","373.87"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01996,"y":373.86990000000003}
{"page":62,"change":"none","str":" she had a haircut. (","dir":"ltr","width":"106.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","186.14","373.87"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":186.13986,"y":373.86990000000003}
{"page":62,"change":"none","str":"She had a haircut","dir":"ltr","width":"93.97","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","292.25","373.87"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":292.24986,"y":373.86990000000003}
{"page":62,"change":"none","str":" is an independent clause.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"146.65","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","386.35","373.87"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":386.34986000000004,"y":373.86990000000003}
{"page":62,"change":"none","str":" I said in my text message, I am going to Starbucks now. (","dir":"ltr","width":"307.23","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","122.06","360.05"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":122.06006,"y":360.05}
{"page":62,"change":"none","str":"I said in my ","dir":"ltr","width":"63.89","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","476.38","360.05"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":476.38018000000005,"y":360.05}
{"page":62,"change":"none","str":" is an independent clause.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"146.67","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","179.54","346.25"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":179.5399,"y":346.25}
{"page":62,"change":"none","str":"Necessary and Unnecessary Prepositions","dir":"ltr","width":"357.98","height":"18.00","transform":["18.00","0.00","0.00","18.00","72.02","278.57"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02389999999998,"y":278.5699}
{"page":62,"change":"none","str":"Prepositions are useful words. They show a relationship between a noun and other ","dir":"ltr","width":"443.10","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","232.85"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":232.85}
{"page":62,"change":"none","str":"words in the sentence. Don‟t eliminate prepositions that are required for clarity in your ","dir":"ltr","width":"456.61","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","219.05"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":219.04999999999998}
{"page":62,"change":"none","str":"sentence. Be careful when two prepositions modify a single object in your sentence. ","dir":"ltr","width":"448.43","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","205.25"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":205.24999999999997}
{"page":62,"change":"none","str":"What did you step ","dir":"ltr","width":"99.38","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","177.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":177.73989999999998}
{"page":62,"change":"none","str":" is necessary for clarity in this sentence.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"226.11","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","288.89","177.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":288.88986,"y":177.73989999999998}
{"page":62,"change":"none","str":" is necessary for clarity.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"132.84","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","300.05","164.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":300.05002,"y":164.06019999999998}
{"page":62,"change":"none","str":" and commitment ","dir":"ltr","width":"95.33","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","180.74","150.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":180.73998,"y":150.26019999999997}
{"page":62,"change":"none","str":" your program remain high. (","dir":"ltr","width":"151.37","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","287.45","150.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":287.45018,"y":150.26019999999997}
{"page":62,"change":"none","str":" and ","dir":"ltr","width":"26.59","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","449.02","150.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":449.01998,"y":150.26019999999997}
{"page":62,"change":"none","str":" are both ","dir":"ltr","width":"50.70","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","485.74","150.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":485.73987999999997,"y":150.26019999999997}
{"page":62,"change":"none","str":"prepositions with the same object: program.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"239.43","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","136.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01987999999994,"y":136.33989999999997}
{"page":63,"change":"none","str":"Too many prepositions can clutter sentences up with unnecessary wordiness. Business ","dir":"ltr","width":"466.78","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","708.96"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416000000005,"y":708.96}
{"page":63,"change":"none","str":"writing should be clear and concise. Eliminating unnecessary prepositions tightens up ","dir":"ltr","width":"456.69","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","695.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416000000005,"y":695.1401000000001}
{"page":63,"change":"none","str":"your writing. If the preposition is not needed for clarity, then remove it from yo","dir":"ltr","width":"409.92","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","681.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416000000005,"y":681.3401000000001}
{"page":63,"change":"none","str":"Where are you? (Not ","dir":"ltr","width":"114.76","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","640.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02022000000005,"y":640.0600000000002}
{"page":63,"change":"none","str":"where are you ","dir":"ltr","width":"79.48","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","222.77","640.06"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":222.77022000000005,"y":640.0600000000002}
{"page":63,"change":"none","str":"Both students performed well on the test. (Not ","dir":"ltr","width":"247.29","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","626.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":626.26}
{"page":63,"change":"none","str":" the students","dir":"ltr","width":"68.69","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","393.67","626.26"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":393.66976,"y":626.26}
{"page":63,"change":"none","str":"Mary jumped off the diving board. (Not ","dir":"ltr","width":"207.25","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","612.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":612.46}
{"page":63,"change":"none","str":" the diving board","dir":"ltr","width":"88.70","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","343.51","612.46"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":343.50996,"y":612.46}
{"page":63,"change":"none","str":"Many writers overuse the preposition “of.” Grammar Girl writes, “Of is a preposition, and ","dir":"ltr","width":"468.75","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","584.74"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":584.7398}
{"page":63,"change":"none","str":"although it‟s not an inherently evil word, overusing it can make your writing sound ","dir":"ltr","width":"434.12","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","570.94"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":570.9398}
{"page":63,"change":"none","str":"passive and fussy.” ","dir":"ltr","width":"105.98","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","557.14"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":557.1398}
{"page":63,"change":"none","str":"Ending Sentences with a Preposition","dir":"ltr","width":"316.06","height":"18.00","transform":["18.00","0.00","0.00","18.00","72.02","401.59"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":401.58979999999997}
{"page":63,"change":"none","str":"Many people were taught that ending a sentence with a preposition is a major ","dir":"ltr","width":"415.11","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","386.47"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":386.47}
{"page":63,"change":"none","str":"grammatical crime. The truth is, there is not a rule saying it is wrong. Because so many ","dir":"ltr","width":"464.54","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","372.67"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":372.67}
{"page":63,"change":"none","str":"people were taught that it was wrong, it is better to err on the safe side. In formal ","dir":"ltr","width":"430.17","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","358.85"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":358.8501}
{"page":63,"change":"none","str":"writing, such as cover letters and resumes, avoid ending sentences with a preposition. ","dir":"ltr","width":"460.41","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","345.05"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":345.0501}
{"page":63,"change":"none","str":"Ending a sentence with a preposition is acceptable in informal writing. ","dir":"ltr","width":"372.49","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","331.25"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":331.2501}
{"page":63,"change":"none","str":"When you called earlier, whom did you speak ","dir":"ltr","width":"244.70","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","303.65"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":303.65009999999995}
{"page":63,"change":"none","str":"When you called earlier, ","dir":"ltr","width":"132.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","289.85"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02002000000005,"y":289.85009999999994}
{"page":63,"change":"none","str":" whom did you speak? (formal) ","dir":"ltr","width":"167.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","251.45","289.85"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":251.45012000000006,"y":289.85009999999994}
{"page":63,"change":"none","str":"What are these cookies made ","dir":"ltr","width":"162.11","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","262.25"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02018000000007,"y":262.2500999999999}
{"page":63,"change":"none","str":"What ingredients are ","dir":"ltr","width":"114.14","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","248.45"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02034000000009,"y":248.4500999999999}
{"page":63,"change":"none","str":" these cookies? (formal) ","dir":"ltr","width":"131.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","232.73","248.45"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":232.7305400000001,"y":248.4500999999999}
{"page":63,"change":"none","str":"According to Grammarmonster.com","dir":"ltr","width":"189.99","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","220.85"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02454000000012,"y":220.85009999999988}
{"page":63,"change":"none","str":"Try to avoid ending a sentence with a preposition. This is not really a rule, but ","dir":"ltr","width":"414.13","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","207.17"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":108.02,"y":207.17}
{"page":63,"change":"none","str":"lots of people think it is. So, to ensure you don't annoy your readers, just avoid ","dir":"ltr","width":"418.25","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","193.34"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":108.02,"y":193.34}
{"page":63,"change":"none","str":"the situation. If rewording your sentence makes it sound too contrived, just go for ","dir":"ltr","width":"431.47","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","179.54"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":108.02,"y":179.54}
{"page":63,"change":"none","str":"it and end your sentence with a preposition. (Sometimes, the cure is worse than ","dir":"ltr","width":"426.15","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","165.74"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":108.02,"y":165.74}
{"page":64,"change":"none","str":"Idioms are words and phrases that have a figurative meaning that is different from its ","dir":"ltr","width":"452.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","648.70"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":648.7}
{"page":64,"change":"none","str":"literal meaning. Many idioms contain prepositions, but the literal meaning of the ","dir":"ltr","width":"423.51","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","634.90"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":634.9000000000001}
{"page":64,"change":"none","str":"preposition is different from the implied meaning. For example, “under the weather” ","dir":"ltr","width":"443.28","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","621.10"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":621.1000000000001}
{"page":64,"change":"none","str":"s not make sense if you take the phrase literally. It has nothing to do with the ","dir":"ltr","width":"409.20","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","92.18","607.30"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":92.184,"y":607.3000000000002}
{"page":64,"change":"none","str":"weather. Native speakers know that “under the weather” means that someone is feelin","dir":"ltr","width":"457.24","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","593.50"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":593.5000000000002}
{"page":64,"change":"none","str":"Dave is under the weather today","dir":"ltr","width":"172.92","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","99.38","579.82"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":99.38399999999993,"y":579.8199000000002}
{"page":64,"change":"none","str":" means that he is not feeling well. Every language ","dir":"ltr","width":"267.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","272.33","579.82"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":272.3299999999999,"y":579.8199000000002}
{"page":64,"change":"none","str":"has its own idioms. If you are not sure of the meaning, be sure to look it up. ","dir":"ltr","width":"402.08","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","565.90"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02399999999992,"y":565.9000000000002}
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{"page":67,"change":"none","str":"(Formal) Conjunctive adverb used ","dir":"ltr","width":"184.21","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","474.31"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01963999999987,"y":474.3101000000001}
{"page":67,"change":"none","str":"Mary‟s car broke down on her way t","dir":"ltr","width":"189.17","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","460.51"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.01959999999987,"y":460.5101000000001}
{"page":67,"change":"none","str":" she had to take the ","dir":"ltr","width":"108.83","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","420.79","460.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":420.78923999999984,"y":460.5101000000001}
{"page":67,"change":"none","str":"bus. (Formal) Conjunctive adverb used ","dir":"ltr","width":"210.13","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","446.71"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01923999999985,"y":446.71010000000007}
{"page":67,"change":"none","str":"A compound sentence contains two or more independent clauses. Independen","dir":"ltr","width":"417.39","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","398.47"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":398.47}
{"page":67,"change":"none","str":"can stand alone as a sentence. To punctuate a compound sentence, place a comma","dir":"ltr","width":"448.75","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","384.67"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":384.67}
{"page":67,"change":"none","str":"before the coordinating conjunction. ","dir":"ltr","width":"193.38","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","370.85"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02380000000005,"y":370.8501}
{"page":67,"change":"none","str":"To determine if a sentence is a compound ","dir":"ltr","width":"242.61","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","265.61","370.85"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":265.60980000000006,"y":370.8501}
{"page":67,"change":"none","str":"sentence, remember that the words before and after the conjunction must be able ","dir":"ltr","width":"468.93","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","357.05"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02380000000005,"y":357.0501}
{"page":67,"change":"none","str":"to form complete sentences","dir":"ltr","width":"159.46","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","343.25"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02380000000005,"y":343.2501}
{"page":67,"change":"none","str":"I swam many laps in the heated pool","dir":"ltr","width":"194.75","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","315.65"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01994000000005,"y":315.65009999999995}
{"page":67,"change":"none","str":" Dave ran five miles on the treadmill. ","dir":"ltr","width":"197.35","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","330.91","315.65"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":330.91004000000004,"y":315.65009999999995}
{"page":67,"change":"none","str":"Fred received a text message while he was driving, ","dir":"ltr","width":"275.15","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","288.05"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02000000000005,"y":288.05009999999993}
{"page":67,"change":"none","str":"he did not look at his ","dir":"ltr","width":"113.58","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","405.43","288.05"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":405.4302,"y":288.05009999999993}
{"page":67,"change":"none","str":" Fred cooked dinner the rest of the week. ","dir":"ltr","width":"221.26","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","301.49","260.45"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":301.49016,"y":260.4500999999999}
{"page":67,"change":"none","str":"Do not use commas when coordinating conjunctions join compound verbs, ","dir":"ltr","width":"433.24","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","219.05"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02406,"y":219.05009999999987}
{"page":67,"change":"none","str":"objects, or phrases. If the words after the conjunction do not form a complete ","dir":"ltr","width":"445.48","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","205.25"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02406,"y":205.25009999999986}
{"page":67,"change":"none","str":"sentence, do not use a comma after the conjunction.","dir":"ltr","width":"299.75","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","191.42"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02406,"y":191.41999999999987}
{"page":67,"change":"none","str":"The school provided transportation to the event ","dir":"ltr","width":"254.09","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","163.82"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02012000000002,"y":163.81999999999988}
{"page":67,"change":"none","str":" scholarships to the students. ","dir":"ltr","width":"158.69","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","383.59","163.82"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":383.58992000000006,"y":163.81999999999988}
{"page":67,"change":"none","str":"(No comma is needed because ","dir":"ltr","width":"169.39","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","150.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":150.14}
{"page":67,"change":"none","str":". To determine if a sentence is a compound sentence, the words ","dir":"ltr","width":"343.86","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","198.17","136.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":198.17,"y":136.34}
{"page":67,"change":"none","str":"after the conjunction must form a complete sentence. ","dir":"ltr","width":"285.44","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","122.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01999999999998,"y":122.54}
{"page":67,"change":"none","str":"Scholarships to the ","dir":"ltr","width":"105.24","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","393.79","122.54"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":393.78999999999996,"y":122.54}
{"page":67,"change":"none","str":" is not a complete sentence.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"156.73","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","153.50","108.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":153.50009999999997,"y":108.74000000000001}
{"page":67,"change":"none","str":"Fred rode to the concert ","dir":"ltr","width":"131.34","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","94.82"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01995999999997,"y":94.82400000000001}
{"page":67,"change":"none","str":" parked his motorcycle in an underground parking ","dir":"ltr","width":"266.88","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","260.81","94.82"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":260.81016,"y":94.82400000000001}
{"page":67,"change":"none","str":"garage. (No comma is needed because ","dir":"ltr","width":"213.38","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","81.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":81.1441}
{"page":67,"change":"none","str":" joins the compound verbs","dir":"ltr","width":"139.93","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","341.71","81.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":341.7102,"y":81.1441}
{"page":68,"change":"none","str":"Parked his motorcycle in an underground parking garage","dir":"ltr","width":"301.99","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","151.46","709.08"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":151.46046000000004,"y":709.08}
{"page":68,"change":"none","str":" is not a ","dir":"ltr","width":"45.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","453.82","709.08"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":453.82046,"y":709.08}
{"page":68,"change":"none","str":"Conjunctive adverbs are another way to join independent clauses. Conjunctions have","dir":"ltr","width":"452.28","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","587.50"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":587.5}
{"page":68,"change":"none","str":"one job: to join words, phrases, and clauses. Sometimes an adverb wants to play on the ","dir":"ltr","width":"470.12","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","573.70"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02380000000005,"y":573.7}
{"page":68,"change":"none","str":"conjunction team. When that happens, it is called a conjunctive adverb. A conjunctive","dir":"ltr","width":"451.84","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","559.90"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02380000000005,"y":559.9000000000001}
{"page":68,"change":"none","str":"adverb is a connecting word that joins two independent clauses. Conjunctive adverbs ","dir":"ltr","width":"454.94","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","546.10"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02380000000005,"y":546.1000000000001}
{"page":68,"change":"none","str":"transition from one thought to another thought and are sometimes referred to","dir":"ltr","width":"407.50","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","532.27"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02380000000005,"y":532.2699000000001}
{"page":68,"change":"none","str":"semicolon before it and a ","dir":"ltr","width":"147.90","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","378.31","518.47"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":378.3097600000001,"y":518.4699000000002}
{"page":68,"change":"none","str":"comma after it. One syllable conjunctive adverbs such as ","dir":"ltr","width":"333.39","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","504.67"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":504.67}
{"page":68,"change":"none","str":" and ","dir":"ltr","width":"28.07","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","466.30","504.67"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":466.2999,"y":504.67}
{"page":68,"change":"none","str":"do not require a comma after it","dir":"ltr","width":"176.11","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","490.87"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.024,"y":490.87}
{"page":68,"change":"none","str":"Common conjunctive adverbs include the following:","dir":"ltr","width":"297.97","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","437.47"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.024,"y":437.46999999999997}
{"page":68,"change":"none","str":"in the meantime ","dir":"ltr","width":"88.78","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","216.05","378.07"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":216.05023451999995,"y":378.06999999999994}
{"page":68,"change":"none","str":"Mary usually drinks coffee every morning","dir":"ltr","width":"217.91","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","285.05"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02006,"y":285.0500999999999}
{"page":68,"change":"none","str":"The weather is hot today; ","dir":"ltr","width":"138.02","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","271.25"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02001999999999,"y":271.25009999999986}
{"page":68,"change":"none","str":" we should go to the beach. (No comma needed ","dir":"ltr","width":"258.69","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","271.49","271.25"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":271.48992,"y":271.25009999999986}
{"page":68,"change":"none","str":"after the conjunctive adverb because ","dir":"ltr","width":"199.37","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","257.57"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01991999999998,"y":257.5699999999999}
{"page":68,"change":"none","str":" is only one syllable.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"114.70","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","330.31","257.57"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":330.30992,"y":257.5699999999999}
{"page":68,"change":"none","str":"Fred forgot his wallet at home","dir":"ltr","width":"158.07","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","243.65"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01997999999998,"y":243.65009999999987}
{"page":68,"change":"none","str":" he was unable to pay for the ","dir":"ltr","width":"157.38","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","354.19","243.65"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":354.18967999999995,"y":243.65009999999987}
{"page":68,"change":"none","str":"Many conjunctive adverbs also work as parenthetical adverbs, so be sure to pay ","dir":"ltr","width":"428.64","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","169.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":169.46}
{"page":68,"change":"none","str":"attention to how it is being used in the sentence. ","dir":"ltr","width":"259.41","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","155.78"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":155.7799}
{"page":68,"change":"none","str":"However, therefore, indeed, in the ","dir":"ltr","width":"184.05","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","331.75","155.78"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":331.7498,"y":155.7799}
{"page":68,"change":"none","str":" also work as parenthetical adverbs. Parenthetical adverbs ","dir":"ltr","width":"317.39","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","196.85","141.98"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":196.85000000000002,"y":141.9799}
{"page":68,"change":"none","str":"interrupt the flow of your sentence by appearing in the middle of a clause. Use comma","dir":"ltr","width":"456.67","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","128.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02400000000003,"y":128.05999999999997}
{"page":68,"change":"none","str":"to set parenthetical adverbs apart in your sentence. ","dir":"ltr","width":"275.97","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","114.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02400000000006,"y":114.25999999999998}
{"page":69,"change":"none","str":", however, ","dir":"ltr","width":"61.93","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","155.42","708.96"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":155.42022000000006,"y":708.96}
{"page":69,"change":"none","str":"happy to pay for the meal. (The parenthetical adverb ","dir":"ltr","width":"281.82","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","217.49","708.96"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":217.49012000000005,"y":708.96}
{"page":69,"change":"none","str":"interrupts the flow of the sentence and does not join two independent clauses. It","dir":"ltr","width":"423.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","695.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02012000000005,"y":695.1401000000001}
{"page":69,"change":"none","str":"is set apart with commas.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"142.81","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","681.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02012000000008,"y":681.3401000000001}
{"page":69,"change":"none","str":"appreciate your not texting during class. (The parenthetical adverb ","dir":"ltr","width":"355.57","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","176.78","667.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":176.78024000000008,"y":667.5397000000002}
{"page":69,"change":"none","str":"interrupts the flow of the sentence. It is set apart with commas.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"339.63","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","653.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02004000000008,"y":653.7397000000002}
{"page":69,"change":"none","str":"Mary and Fred","dir":"ltr","width":"78.00","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","639.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02000000000008,"y":639.9397000000002}
{"page":69,"change":"none","str":" appreciate your not texting during the meal. (The ","dir":"ltr","width":"265.17","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","242.21","639.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":242.21020000000007,"y":639.9397000000002}
{"page":69,"change":"none","str":"parenthetical adverb interrupts the flow of the sentence. It does not join two","dir":"ltr","width":"398.44","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","626.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02020000000007,"y":626.1401000000002}
{"page":69,"change":"none","str":"independent clauses. It is set apart with commas.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"269.55","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","612.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.0202000000001,"y":612.3401000000002}
{"page":69,"change":"none","str":"How can you tell parenthetical adverbs and conjunctive adverbs apart? ","dir":"ltr","width":"409.28","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","570.94"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0241000000001,"y":570.9397000000002}
{"page":69,"change":"none","str":"Conjunctive adverbs join two independent clauses together. An independent clause ","dir":"ltr","width":"445.37","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","557.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0241000000001,"y":557.1397000000003}
{"page":69,"change":"none","str":"must appear on both sides of the conjunctive adverb. Parenthetical adverbs appe","dir":"ltr","width":"430.59","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","543.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0241000000001,"y":543.3397000000003}
{"page":69,"change":"none","str":"within the same clause and interrupt the flow of the sentence. Parenthetical adverbs ","dir":"ltr","width":"448.03","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","529.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02408000000008,"y":529.5096000000003}
{"page":69,"change":"none","str":"not linking anything together; they are just interrupting the flow of the sentence","dir":"ltr","width":"415.27","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","515.71"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02408000000003,"y":515.7096000000004}
{"page":69,"change":"none","str":"independent clauses are not grammatically equal, so they cannot use coordinating ","dir":"ltr","width":"440.12","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","441.67"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":441.67}
{"page":69,"change":"none","str":"conjunctions to join together. Subordinating conjunctions work to join these unequal ","dir":"ltr","width":"445.99","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","427.87"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":427.87}
{"page":69,"change":"none","str":"clauses. Dependent clauses begin with a subordinating conjunction such as ","dir":"ltr","width":"404.69","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","414.19"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":414.1899}
{"page":69,"change":"none","str":" A subordinating conjunction limits ","dir":"ltr","width":"188.03","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","335.71","400.39"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":335.71009999999995,"y":400.3899}
{"page":69,"change":"none","str":"the clause it introduces and makes it dependent on an independent clause. ","dir":"ltr","width":"401.49","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","386.47"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02409999999998,"y":386.47}
{"page":69,"change":"none","str":"If the sentence begi","dir":"ltr","width":"112.15","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","358.85"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02409999999998,"y":358.85}
{"page":69,"change":"none","str":" with a dependent clause, then a comma is required ","dir":"ltr","width":"297.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","198.17","358.85"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":198.17009999999996,"y":358.85}
{"page":69,"change":"none","str":"between the dependent clause and the independent clause. ","dir":"ltr","width":"342.03","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","345.05"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":345.05}
{"page":69,"change":"none","str":"If your sentence ends with a dependent clause (terminal dependent clause) then ","dir":"ltr","width":"460.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","317.45"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":317.45}
{"page":69,"change":"none","str":"no comma is required. ","dir":"ltr","width":"131.32","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","303.65"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":303.65}
{"page":69,"change":"none","str":"If the terminal dependent clause provides nonessential ","dir":"ltr","width":"293.60","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","203.45","303.65"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":203.44979999999998,"y":303.65}
{"page":69,"change":"none","str":"information or breaks the flow of the sentence, a comma should be used for clari","dir":"ltr","width":"426.04","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","289.85"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":289.84999999999997}
{"page":69,"change":"none","str":" the coffeehouse was crowded, we received our drinks quickly. (The ","dir":"ltr","width":"363.59","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","160.58","262.25"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":160.57975999999996,"y":262.24999999999994}
{"page":69,"change":"none","str":"subordinating conjunction introduces the dependent clause at the beginning of ","dir":"ltr","width":"418.17","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","248.45"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":248.45}
{"page":69,"change":"none","str":"the sentence, and it is set apart from the independent clause with a comma.)","dir":"ltr","width":"406.05","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","234.65"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":234.64999999999998}
{"page":69,"change":"none","str":" it was too crowded to sit inside the coffeehouse, we took our coffees to ","dir":"ltr","width":"382.25","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","157.46","207.05"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":157.46015999999997,"y":207.04999999999995}
{"page":69,"change":"none","str":"the park. (The subordinating conjunction introduces the dependent clause at the","dir":"ltr","width":"423.99","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","193.22"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":193.22}
{"page":69,"change":"none","str":"beginning of the sentence, and it is set apart from the independent clause with a","dir":"ltr","width":"424.60","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","179.42"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02000000000004,"y":179.42}
{"page":69,"change":"none","str":"We took our coffees to the park ","dir":"ltr","width":"170.29","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","138.02"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01995999999998,"y":138.01999999999995}
{"page":69,"change":"none","str":"it was too crowded to sit inside the ","dir":"ltr","width":"186.09","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","329.71","138.02"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":329.71006,"y":138.01999999999995}
{"page":69,"change":"none","str":"coffeehouse. (The subordinating conjunction is terminal. The dependent clause ","dir":"ltr","width":"422.82","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","124.22"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":124.22}
{"page":69,"change":"none","str":"ends the sentence; therefore, no comma is needed.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"281.67","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","110.42"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":110.42}
{"page":70,"change":"none","str":"I am certain that I paid my cell phone bill, ","dir":"ltr","width":"220.57","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","708.96"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02022000000005,"y":708.96}
{"page":70,"change":"none","str":" I cannot find my receipt. (The ","dir":"ltr","width":"162.21","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","379.39","708.96"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":379.39012,"y":708.96}
{"page":70,"change":"none","str":"terminal dependent clause adds unnecessary information and is set apart with a ","dir":"ltr","width":"427.61","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","695.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":695.14}
{"page":70,"change":"none","str":"comma for clarity.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"102.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","681.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":681.34}
{"page":70,"change":"none","str":"Parenthetical clauses interrupt the flow of the sentence with additional and nonesse","dir":"ltr","width":"442.72","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","621.10"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":621.1}
{"page":70,"change":"none","str":"information. These clauses are set apart from the rest of the sentence with commas. ","dir":"ltr","width":"450.34","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","607.30"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02379999999994,"y":607.3000000000001}
{"page":70,"change":"none","str":", until I hear otherwise,","dir":"ltr","width":"129.86","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","210.89","579.70"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":210.88986,"y":579.7}
{"page":70,"change":"none","str":" is the most beneficial class on ","dir":"ltr","width":"165.91","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","340.87","579.70"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":340.86986,"y":579.7}
{"page":70,"change":"none","str":"campus. (Nonessential information is set apart with commas) ","dir":"ltr","width":"327.51","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","565.90"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986000000002,"y":565.9000000000001}
{"page":70,"change":"none","str":", that she bought on sale last week,","dir":"ltr","width":"201.21","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","162.86","552.10"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":162.86002000000002,"y":552.1000000000001}
{"page":70,"change":"none","str":" were ruined in the rain. ","dir":"ltr","width":"128.64","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","364.27","552.10"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":364.27002000000005,"y":552.1000000000001}
{"page":70,"change":"none","str":"(Nonessential information is set apart with commas) ","dir":"ltr","width":"278.91","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","538.27"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02002000000005,"y":538.2699000000001}
{"page":70,"change":"none","str":"Relative clauses are clauses introduced by the relative pronouns ","dir":"ltr","width":"346.04","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","441.79"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":441.79}
{"page":70,"change":"none","str":", and ","dir":"ltr","width":"30.06","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","102.74","427.99"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":102.7398,"y":427.99}
{"page":70,"change":"none","str":" When relative pronouns introduce a dependent clause, they are ","dir":"ltr","width":"344.31","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","156.14","427.99"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":156.13979999999998,"y":427.99}
{"page":70,"change":"none","str":"functioning as a conjunction. ","dir":"ltr","width":"154.76","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","414.07"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02379999999998,"y":414.0701}
{"page":70,"change":"none","str":"Used to introduce","dir":"ltr","width":"102.04","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","295.25","380.95"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":295.25,"y":380.95}
{"page":70,"change":"none","str":"essential and nonessential clauses","dir":"ltr","width":"185.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","295.25","356.33"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":295.25,"y":356.33}
{"page":70,"change":"none","str":"animals and things","dir":"ltr","width":"100.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","184.58","331.85"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":184.58,"y":331.85}
{"page":70,"change":"none","str":"animals and things","dir":"ltr","width":"100.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","184.58","307.25"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":184.58,"y":307.25}
{"page":70,"change":"none","str":"*Deciding whether a clause is essential or nonessential can be tricky. An ","dir":"ltr","width":"417.92","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","274.13"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":274.1302}
{"page":70,"change":"none","str":"essential clause is needed to identify the noun to which it refers, and no commas ","dir":"ltr","width":"466.02","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","260.33"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":260.3302}
{"page":70,"change":"none","str":"should separate this clause from the antecedent. ","dir":"ltr","width":"282.06","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","246.53"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":246.53019999999998}
{"page":70,"change":"none","str":" wants to earn a good grade must attend class regularly. (The ","dir":"ltr","width":"330.26","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","186.14","218.93"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":186.13976,"y":218.93019999999996}
{"page":70,"change":"none","str":"relative pronoun refers to a person, and it introduces an essential clause. It is ","dir":"ltr","width":"412.10","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","205.13"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":205.13}
{"page":70,"change":"none","str":"needed to identify which students must attend class regularly.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"334.23","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","191.30"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":191.2999}
{"page":70,"change":"none","str":" is adopted from the shelter is happy to have a home. (The relative ","dir":"ltr","width":"355.82","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","164.78","177.50"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":164.78016000000002,"y":177.4999}
{"page":70,"change":"none","str":"pronoun refers to a dog, and it introduces an essential clause.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"335.67","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","163.70"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":163.7}
{"page":70,"change":"none","str":"A nonessential clause contains information that might be interesting, but it is not ","dir":"ltr","width":"426.63","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","136.10"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0239,"y":136.09999999999997}
{"page":70,"change":"none","str":"necessary. The main clause is understandable without this additional information. If the ","dir":"ltr","width":"464.60","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","122.30"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0239,"y":122.29999999999997}
{"page":70,"change":"none","str":"clause is nonessential, it is set apart from the sentence with commas on both sides of ","dir":"ltr","width":"456.08","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","108.50"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0239,"y":108.49999999999997}
{"page":71,"change":"none","str":" is right next to the school, serves very delicious coffee ","dir":"ltr","width":"293.35","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","238.13","708.96"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":238.13042000000007,"y":708.96}
{"page":71,"change":"none","str":"and scones. (The relative pronoun refers to the coffeehouse, but it introduces","dir":"ltr","width":"409.28","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","695.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":695.14}
{"page":71,"change":"none","str":" lives in South Carolina, is an excellent cook. (The relative pronoun ","dir":"ltr","width":"358.02","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","163.46","667.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":163.46016,"y":667.5396000000001}
{"page":71,"change":"none","str":"refers to Fred, but it introduces nonessential information.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"307.59","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","653.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":653.74}
{"page":71,"change":"none","str":"Correlative conjunctions join grammatically equal sentence elements and are always ","dir":"ltr","width":"451.09","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","583.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":583.66}
{"page":71,"change":"none","str":"used in pairs. ","dir":"ltr","width":"74.76","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","569.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":569.86}
{"page":71,"change":"none","str":"Both . . . and, not only . . . but, either . . . or, ","dir":"ltr","width":"248.48","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","146.90","569.86"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":146.89999999999998,"y":569.86}
{"page":71,"change":"none","str":"When using correlative conjunctions, be sure that the words, phrases, and clauses are ","dir":"ltr","width":"461.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","556.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.024,"y":556.0600000000001}
{"page":71,"change":"none","str":"parallel in their construction. Correlative conjunctions show greater emphasis than ","dir":"ltr","width":"438.02","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","542.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.024,"y":542.2600000000001}
{"page":71,"change":"none","str":" have the energy for the marathon, ","dir":"ltr","width":"187.55","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","161.18","500.83"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":161.18018,"y":500.82990000000007}
{"page":71,"change":"none","str":" have the energy for the marathon, ","dir":"ltr","width":"187.55","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","161.18","487.03"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":161.18036,"y":487.02990000000005}
{"page":71,"change":"none","str":" I have the time too. (Parallel) ","dir":"ltr","width":"160.21","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","367.51","487.03"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":367.51036,"y":487.02990000000005}
{"page":71,"change":"none","str":" Dave was flying to London ","dir":"ltr","width":"147.35","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","142.10","459.43"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":142.10052000000002,"y":459.42990000000003}
{"page":71,"change":"none","str":"Dave was flying ","dir":"ltr","width":"87.18","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","445.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02058,"y":445.6299}
{"page":71,"change":"none","str":" to London","dir":"ltr","width":"56.78","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","228.05","445.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":228.05068,"y":445.6299}
{"page":71,"change":"none","str":" to Tucson. (Parallel) ","dir":"ltr","width":"114.00","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","300.17","445.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":300.17065,"y":445.6299}
{"page":71,"change":"none","str":" (A comma is used when a ","dir":"ltr","width":"148.07","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","392.95","357.77"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":392.9497,"y":357.7698}
{"page":71,"change":"none","str":"used when a conjunctive adverb joins independent clauses. A comma is added after all ","dir":"ltr","width":"465.14","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","302.57"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02370000000002,"y":302.56979999999993}
{"page":71,"change":"none","str":"conjunctive adverbs with two or more syllables.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"257.19","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","288.77"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02370000000002,"y":288.7697999999999}
{"page":71,"change":"none","str":" (A comma ","dir":"ltr","width":"61.27","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","476.26","261.17"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":476.2597,"y":261.1697999999999}
{"page":71,"change":"none","str":"is used after a dependent clause that is introduced by a subordinating conjunction.)","dir":"ltr","width":"440.75","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","247.37"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02370000000002,"y":247.36979999999988}
{"page":72,"change":"none","str":"A comma is a very useful piece of punctuation. Unfortunately, many people were taught ","dir":"ltr","width":"467.35","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","345.53"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":345.5302}
{"page":72,"change":"none","str":"to use commas whenever they would naturally pause. This myth causes people t","dir":"ltr","width":"428.12","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","331.73"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":331.73019999999997}
{"page":72,"change":"none","str":"overuse commas and give them punctuation powers that they do not have. Co","dir":"ltr","width":"414.67","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","317.93"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":317.93019999999996}
{"page":72,"change":"none","str":"A series is a list of three or more items. Commas separate three or more ","dir":"ltr","width":"387.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","255.77"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":255.77}
{"page":72,"change":"none","str":"elements (words, phrases, or short clauses) in a list. A comma is needed before the ","dir":"ltr","width":"446.55","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","241.97"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":241.97}
{"page":72,"change":"none","str":"final conjunction in the list. This comma is called the serial comma. Do not use the ","dir":"ltr","width":"437.89","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","228.17"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":228.17}
{"page":72,"change":"none","str":"comma if only two items are listed. ","dir":"ltr","width":"186.66","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","214.37"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":214.37}
{"page":72,"change":"none","str":"She enjoys running, swimming, and rock climbing. (Series of words. Notice that a ","dir":"ltr","width":"433.53","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","186.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":186.86}
{"page":72,"change":"none","str":"; this comma is called the serial comma.)","dir":"ltr","width":"216.72","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","223.49","173.18"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":223.48989999999998,"y":173.18}
{"page":72,"change":"none","str":"She enjoys running on the track, swimming in the pool, and rock climbing at the ","dir":"ltr","width":"424.08","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","148.22"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":148.22}
{"page":72,"change":"none","str":"gym. (Series of phrases.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"137.41","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","134.42"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":134.42}
{"page":72,"change":"none","str":"Mary is the owner, Fred is the manager, and Dan is the marketing assistant. ","dir":"ltr","width":"406.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","109.58"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":109.58}
{"page":72,"change":"none","str":" (Series of clauses.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"109.45","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","95.78"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":95.784}
{"page":73,"change":"none","str":"She enjoys swimming and rock climbing. (Only two items listed. No comma ","dir":"ltr","width":"401.44","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","708.96"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":708.96}
{"page":73,"change":"none","str":"The items in the series must have the same grammatical structure. This is called ","dir":"ltr","width":"429.99","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","670.30"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":670.3}
{"page":73,"change":"none","str":". If two of the three items in a series have articles, then the third ","dir":"ltr","width":"339.90","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","190.10","656.50"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":190.0998,"y":656.5}
{"page":73,"change":"none","str":"item needs to be rewritten with an article too. ","dir":"ltr","width":"244.92","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","642.70"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":642.7}
{"page":73,"change":"none","str":"The new student is intelligent, can be depended on, and punctual. (","dir":"ltr","width":"356.77","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","615.10"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":615.1}
{"page":73,"change":"none","str":". Two of the items on the list are adjectives, but one item on the list ","dir":"ltr","width":"357.52","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","180.74","601.30"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":180.73989999999998,"y":601.3}
{"page":73,"change":"none","str":"is a phrase.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"69.34","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","587.50"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":587.5}
{"page":73,"change":"none","str":"The new student is intelligent, dependable, and punctual. (","dir":"ltr","width":"310.04","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","573.70"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":573.7}
{"page":73,"change":"none","str":". All items on the list are adjectives.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"194.79","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","180.74","559.90"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":180.73989999999998,"y":559.9}
{"page":73,"change":"none","str":"He asked for a hat, a Lego set, and for a gift card. (","dir":"ltr","width":"271.34","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","532.27"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":532.27}
{"page":73,"change":"none","str":"Two of the items in the series begin with a preposition. This needs to be ","dir":"ltr","width":"384.07","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","518.47"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":518.47}
{"page":73,"change":"none","str":"rewritten. It can be rewritten so all of the items have the preposition, or only the ","dir":"ltr","width":"422.05","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","504.67"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":504.67}
{"page":73,"change":"none","str":"first item is preceded by a preposition.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"209.53","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","490.87"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":490.87}
{"page":73,"change":"none","str":"He asked for a hat, a Lego set, and a gift card. (","dir":"ltr","width":"253.95","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","477.07"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":477.07}
{"page":73,"change":"none","str":"He asked for a hat, for a Lego set, and for a gift card. (","dir":"ltr","width":"288.58","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","463.27"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":463.27}
{"page":73,"change":"none","str":", but ","dir":"ltr","width":"26.69","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","515.62","463.27"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":515.61986,"y":463.27}
{"page":73,"change":"none","str":"a bit wordy.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"68.74","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","449.59"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":449.59}
{"page":73,"change":"none","str":"NOTE: Newspapers follow AP Style. AP Style omits the final comma in a series ","dir":"ltr","width":"423.86","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","415.99"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":415.99}
{"page":73,"change":"none","str":"unless it is needed for clarity. This final comma is known as the serial comma or the ","dir":"ltr","width":"446.96","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","402.19"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":402.19}
{"page":73,"change":"none","str":"Oxford comma. This final comma is controversial. Some people insist that you can ","dir":"ltr","width":"439.23","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","388.39"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":388.39}
{"page":73,"change":"none","str":"leave it off unless it is necessary for clarity. For the sake of consistency, most writers ","dir":"ltr","width":"451.22","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","374.59"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":374.59}
{"page":73,"change":"none","str":"either always use it or never use it. Unless you are writing an article for a newspaper, ","dir":"ltr","width":"454.39","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","360.77"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":360.77}
{"page":73,"change":"none","str":"do not omit the final comma. ","dir":"ltr","width":"154.03","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","346.97"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":346.97}
{"page":73,"change":"none","str":"A comma is needed when a person is being spoken to directly. The name of the p","dir":"ltr","width":"433.28","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","253.01"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":253.01}
{"page":73,"change":"none","str":"being addressed is set apart with a comma, regardless of where it appears in the ","dir":"ltr","width":"432.02","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","239.21"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":239.21}
{"page":73,"change":"none","str":"sentence. Names, teams, and groups are set apart from the rest of the sentence with ","dir":"ltr","width":"454.19","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","225.41"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":225.41}
{"page":73,"change":"none","str":"do you have the realtor‟s phone number? (At the beginning of the ","dir":"ltr","width":"349.34","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","148.10","186.74"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":148.1001,"y":186.74}
{"page":73,"change":"none","str":"the future leaders of America","dir":"ltr","width":"165.92","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","156.14","148.22"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":156.1399,"y":148.22}
{"page":73,"change":"none","str":", ready to take the next step? (In the ","dir":"ltr","width":"195.29","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","322.27","148.22"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":322.2699,"y":148.22}
{"page":73,"change":"none","str":"middle of the sentence)","dir":"ltr","width":"124.63","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","134.42"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":134.42}
{"page":73,"change":"none","str":"! (At the end of the sentence)","dir":"ltr","width":"154.61","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","210.89","109.58"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":210.8899,"y":109.58}
{"page":74,"change":"none","str":"This comma is important. If you forget to place this comma, it changes the meaning of ","dir":"ltr","width":"458.13","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","708.96"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":708.96}
{"page":74,"change":"none","str":"When two or more adjectives are independently describing the same noun, separate t","dir":"ltr","width":"454.03","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","408.31"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":408.31}
{"page":74,"change":"none","str":"adjectives with a comma. How can you tell if the adjectives are working independently? ","dir":"ltr","width":"464.59","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","394.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":394.51}
{"page":74,"change":"none","str":"To test whether the adjectives need a comma separating them, run the senten","dir":"ltr","width":"414.64","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","380.71"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":380.71}
{"page":74,"change":"none","str":"through the following test. ","dir":"ltr","width":"140.03","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","366.89"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":366.8897}
{"page":74,"change":"none","str":"1. Mentally add the word ","dir":"ltr","width":"133.99","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","339.41"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":339.41}
{"page":74,"change":"none","str":"between the adjectives. If the sentence still makes ","dir":"ltr","width":"269.99","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","265.61","339.41"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":265.60985999999997,"y":339.41}
{"page":74,"change":"none","str":"sense, then move on to the second rule. ","dir":"ltr","width":"220.23","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","325.49"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01985999999997,"y":325.4897}
{"page":74,"change":"none","str":"2. Mentally reverse the order of the adjectives. Does the sentence still make ","dir":"ltr","width":"406.08","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","311.69"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01981999999997,"y":311.6897}
{"page":74,"change":"none","str":"If the sentence still makes sense, then the adjectives are working independently and","dir":"ltr","width":"446.79","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","270.29"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02371999999997,"y":270.2897}
{"page":74,"change":"none","str":" a ","dir":"ltr","width":"13.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","518.74","270.29"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":518.74072,"y":270.2897}
{"page":74,"change":"none","str":"comma is needed between them. ","dir":"ltr","width":"180.02","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","256.49"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02372000000003,"y":256.48969999999997}
{"page":74,"change":"none","str":"Jennifer Lawrence is a ","dir":"ltr","width":"123.37","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","228.89"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":228.89}
{"page":74,"change":"none","str":" actress. (Jennifer Lawrence is a ","dir":"ltr","width":"176.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","334.27","228.89"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":334.26986,"y":228.89}
{"page":74,"change":"none","str":"beautiful and talented actress.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"167.41","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","215.09"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":215.09}
{"page":74,"change":"none","str":" cat sat in the sun. (The yellow ","dir":"ltr","width":"165.08","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","204.89","201.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":204.88976,"y":201.26}
{"page":74,"change":"none","str":" fluffy cat sat in the sun.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"133.45","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","390.31","201.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":390.30996,"y":201.26}
{"page":74,"change":"none","str":"When two independent clauses are joined together with a coordinating conjunction, a","dir":"ltr","width":"450.65","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","113.42"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":113.42}
{"page":74,"change":"none","str":"comma is needed before the conjunction. ","dir":"ltr","width":"222.73","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","99.62"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":99.6238}
{"page":75,"change":"none","str":"Fred and Mary walked their dog to the park, ","dir":"ltr","width":"235.37","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","708.96"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02022000000005,"y":708.96}
{"page":75,"change":"none","str":" they left when it started to rain. ","dir":"ltr","width":"170.29","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","362.11","708.96"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":362.11032000000006,"y":708.96}
{"page":75,"change":"none","str":" the children went to the park to play. ","dir":"ltr","width":"202.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","260.21","695.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":260.21058000000005,"y":695.1401000000001}
{"page":75,"change":"none","str":"Dependent clauses that begin sentences are set apart from the independent clau","dir":"ltr","width":"429.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","614.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":614.14}
{"page":75,"change":"none","str":"se with ","dir":"ltr","width":"40.51","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","501.46","614.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":501.4628,"y":614.14}
{"page":75,"change":"none","str":"a comma. Dependent clauses usually begin with a subordinating conjunction (Chapter ","dir":"ltr","width":"459.56","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","600.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":600.34}
{"page":75,"change":"none","str":" and ","dir":"ltr","width":"26.59","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","238.97","586.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":238.9698,"y":586.6599}
{"page":75,"change":"none","str":" are all subordinating conjunctions. ","dir":"ltr","width":"187.97","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","294.29","586.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":294.28970000000004,"y":586.6599}
{"page":75,"change":"none","str":"Because it is raining today, I will need to wear my raincoat. (Introductory ","dir":"ltr","width":"385.06","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","558.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01976000000008,"y":558.9395999999999}
{"page":75,"change":"none","str":"dependent clause separated with a comma.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"239.55","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","545.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01976000000008,"y":545.1399999999999}
{"page":75,"change":"none","str":"Although the forecast shows sunshine, it is currently raining. (Introductory ","dir":"ltr","width":"392.59","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","531.31"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01972000000008,"y":531.3098999999999}
{"page":75,"change":"none","str":"dependent clause separated with a comma.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"239.55","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","517.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01972000000008,"y":517.5102999999998}
{"page":75,"change":"none","str":"If you go out in the rain, be sure to wear a coat. (Introductory dependent clause ","dir":"ltr","width":"422.60","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","503.71"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01968000000008,"y":503.7102999999998}
{"page":75,"change":"none","str":"separated with a comma.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"141.49","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","489.91"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01968000000008,"y":489.9106999999998}
{"page":75,"change":"none","str":"en a dependent clause appears at the end of the sentence, a comma is usuall","dir":"ltr","width":"412.51","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","90.26","400.27"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":90.264,"y":400.27}
{"page":75,"change":"none","str":"y not ","dir":"ltr","width":"29.33","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","502.72","400.27"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":502.724,"y":400.27}
{"page":75,"change":"none","str":"necessary. If the dependent clause answers the question ","dir":"ltr","width":"306.06","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","386.59"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.024,"y":386.5899}
{"page":75,"change":"none","str":" or ","dir":"ltr","width":"17.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","451.78","386.59"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":451.7799,"y":386.5899}
{"page":75,"change":"none","str":", then ","dir":"ltr","width":"33.31","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","497.86","386.59"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":497.85999999999996,"y":386.5899}
{"page":75,"change":"none","str":"the clause is essential and does not require a comma. If the dependent clause a","dir":"ltr","width":"424.63","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","372.67"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02399999999994,"y":372.67}
{"page":75,"change":"none","str":"unnecessary information, then a comma is needed. This isn‟t common, but it is ","dir":"ltr","width":"420.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","358.85"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":72.02399999999994,"y":358.8501}
{"page":75,"change":"none","str":"necessary to separate these afterthoughts with a comma. ","dir":"ltr","width":"307.98","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","345.05"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02399999999994,"y":345.0501}
{"page":75,"change":"none","str":"Please email me ","dir":"ltr","width":"92.04","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","317.45"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02005999999994,"y":317.45009999999996}
{"page":75,"change":"none","str":" you have any questions. (The dependent clause at the end of ","dir":"ltr","width":"331.99","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","207.53","317.45"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":207.53017999999994,"y":317.45009999999996}
{"page":75,"change":"none","str":"the sentence provides essential information, so no comma is needed.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"375.66","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","303.65"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01997999999995,"y":303.65009999999995}
{"page":75,"change":"none","str":"Mary went to the store ","dir":"ltr","width":"122.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","289.85"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01993999999995,"y":289.85009999999994}
{"page":75,"change":"none","str":"she needed to buy milk. (The dependent clause ","dir":"ltr","width":"255.82","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","281.57","289.85"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":281.57003999999995,"y":289.85009999999994}
{"page":75,"change":"none","str":"at the end of the sentence provides essential information, so no comma is ","dir":"ltr","width":"395.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","276.05"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02003999999994,"y":276.05009999999993}
{"page":75,"change":"none","str":"I intend to grade the writing assignments on Saturday, ","dir":"ltr","width":"290.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","248.45"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01999999999994,"y":248.4500999999999}
{"page":75,"change":"none","str":" I can grade ","dir":"ltr","width":"66.65","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","449.02","248.45"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":449.0198999999999,"y":248.4500999999999}
{"page":75,"change":"none","str":"them earlier if you choose. (The dependent clause provides nonessential ","dir":"ltr","width":"389.41","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","234.65"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.0198999999999,"y":234.6500999999999}
{"page":75,"change":"none","str":"information, so a comma is required.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"201.49","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","220.85"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.0198999999999,"y":220.85009999999988}
{"page":75,"change":"none","str":"Parenthetical words, phrases, and clauses interrupt the flow of the sentence an","dir":"ltr","width":"419.20","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","146.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":146.66}
{"page":75,"change":"none","str":"unessential information to the sentence. Parenthetical expressions can be removed ","dir":"ltr","width":"445.27","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","132.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":132.86}
{"page":75,"change":"none","str":"from the sentence, and the sentence still makes sense. Commas are required to","dir":"ltr","width":"425.32","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","119.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":119.06}
{"page":75,"change":"none","str":"separate parenthetical elements from the rest of the sentence. ","dir":"ltr","width":"333.34","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","105.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":105.26}
{"page":75,"change":"none","str":", I will not be attending the conference. (At the beginning of the sentence)","dir":"ltr","width":"388.72","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","123.98","80.42"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":123.9802,"y":80.4238}
{"page":76,"change":"none","str":", that the book is overpriced. (In the middle of the ","dir":"ltr","width":"263.26","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","231.53","708.96"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":231.53011,"y":708.96}
{"page":76,"change":"none","str":"You have checked your writing assignment for accuracy, ","dir":"ltr","width":"303.23","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","670.30"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":670.3}
{"page":76,"change":"none","str":". (At the end ","dir":"ltr","width":"68.80","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","462.82","670.30"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":462.81989999999996,"y":670.3}
{"page":76,"change":"none","str":"of the sentence)","dir":"ltr","width":"86.12","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","656.50"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":656.5}
{"page":76,"change":"none","str":"you must admit","dir":"ltr","width":"88.66","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","208.25","642.70"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":208.25018,"y":642.7}
{"page":76,"change":"none","str":", requires a lot of time and stamina. (Commas ","dir":"ltr","width":"245.88","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","296.93","642.70"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":296.93028,"y":642.7}
{"page":76,"change":"none","str":"are needed because the information is unnecessary.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"286.23","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","628.90"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02027999999999,"y":628.9000000000001}
{"page":76,"change":"none","str":", which happened to be bright yellow","dir":"ltr","width":"209.84","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","186.14","615.10"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":186.14013999999997,"y":615.1000000000001}
{"page":76,"change":"none","str":", sat on the sale rack for ","dir":"ltr","width":"131.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","396.31","615.10"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":396.31013999999993,"y":615.1000000000001}
{"page":76,"change":"none","str":"weeks. (Commas are needed because the information is unnecessary.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"382.38","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","601.30"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02013999999991,"y":601.3000000000002}
{"page":76,"change":"none","str":"DO NOT use commas to set off clauses that contain essential information","dir":"ltr","width":"419.35","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","573.70"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02403999999991,"y":573.7000000000002}
{"page":76,"change":"none","str":". If the ","dir":"ltr","width":"36.77","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","491.62","573.70"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":491.6200399999999,"y":573.7000000000002}
{"page":76,"change":"none","str":"clause contains information that is needed to complete the meaning of the sen","dir":"ltr","width":"414.99","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","559.90"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":559.9}
{"page":76,"change":"none","str":"then no commas are needed. This information is also covered in Chapter 9.","dir":"ltr","width":"399.98","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","546.10"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":546.1}
{"page":76,"change":"none","str":"who wants to succeed in this class","dir":"ltr","width":"199.39","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","162.02","518.47"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":162.01986,"y":518.47}
{"page":76,"change":"none","str":" should turn in their assignments ","dir":"ltr","width":"175.99","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","361.63","518.47"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":361.62986,"y":518.47}
{"page":76,"change":"none","str":"on time. (No commas are necessary because the clause is essential to the ","dir":"ltr","width":"398.62","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","504.67"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":504.67}
{"page":76,"change":"none","str":"meaning of the sentence.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"142.21","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","490.87"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":490.87}
{"page":76,"change":"none","str":" will succeed in my ","dir":"ltr","width":"103.22","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","364.99","477.07"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":364.99002,"y":477.07}
{"page":76,"change":"none","str":"neighborhood. (No commas are necessary because the clause is essential to the ","dir":"ltr","width":"432.79","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","463.27"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02001999999999,"y":463.27}
{"page":76,"change":"none","str":"Commas and Appositives ","dir":"ltr","width":"225.11","height":"18.00","transform":["18.00","0.00","0.00","18.00","72.02","416.47"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02391999999999,"y":416.4699}
{"page":76,"change":"none","str":"Appositives rename nouns or pronouns. Usually an appositive appears right next to the","dir":"ltr","width":"461.52","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","401.23"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":401.23}
{"page":76,"change":"none","str":"noun or pronoun it is renaming. An appositive that provides nonessential information ","dir":"ltr","width":"449.96","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","387.43"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02380000000005,"y":387.43}
{"page":76,"change":"none","str":"should be set off by commas.","dir":"ltr","width":"156.08","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","373.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02380000000005,"y":373.63}
{"page":76,"change":"none","str":"the union representative","dir":"ltr","width":"139.09","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","174.86","348.77"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":174.8602,"y":348.77}
{"page":76,"change":"none","str":", is here. (The appositive adds ","dir":"ltr","width":"164.11","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","314.09","348.77"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":314.0902,"y":348.77}
{"page":76,"change":"none","str":"nonessential information; commas set it off.)","dir":"ltr","width":"234.62","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","334.97"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":334.97}
{"page":76,"change":"none","str":"You may pick up your order at the location closest to your home, ","dir":"ltr","width":"345.28","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","310.25"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":310.25}
{"page":76,"change":"none","str":"When an appositive is needed to identify the noun or pronoun referred to earl","dir":"ltr","width":"408.67","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","271.61"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":271.61}
{"page":76,"change":"none","str":"ier in the ","dir":"ltr","width":"49.38","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","480.63","271.61"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":480.6308,"y":271.61}
{"page":76,"change":"none","str":"sentence, do not set it off with commas.","dir":"ltr","width":"210.82","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","257.81"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":257.81}
{"page":76,"change":"none","str":"The book ","dir":"ltr","width":"53.45","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","232.97"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":232.97}
{"page":76,"change":"none","str":" explains how fast food affects our nation. (The ","dir":"ltr","width":"252.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","259.49","232.97"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":259.4899,"y":232.97}
{"page":76,"change":"none","str":"appositive is needed to identify the specific book; therefore, no commas are ","dir":"ltr","width":"404.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","219.17"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":219.17}
{"page":76,"change":"none","str":"Closely related one-word appositives do not require commas.","dir":"ltr","width":"325.34","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","180.62"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":180.62}
{"page":76,"change":"none","str":" sometimes uses my computer.","dir":"ltr","width":"165.88","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","191.42","155.78"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":191.42000000000002,"y":155.78}
{"page":76,"change":"none","str":"Commas and the Adverb ","dir":"ltr","width":"216.97","height":"18.00","transform":["18.00","0.00","0.00","18.00","72.02","90.98"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":90.984}
{"page":77,"change":"none","str":" requires different punctuation depending on its meaning in the ","dir":"ltr","width":"335.43","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","152.78","709.08"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":152.7801,"y":709.08}
{"page":77,"change":"none","str":"sentence. If the sentence uses the word","dir":"ltr","width":"211.95","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","695.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":695.26}
{"page":77,"change":"none","str":"to mean “also,” it is set apart with commas. ","dir":"ltr","width":"231.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","307.61","695.26"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":307.60983,"y":695.26}
{"page":77,"change":"none","str":"If the adverb appears at the end of a clause, you do not need to separate it w","dir":"ltr","width":"408.84","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","681.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":681.34}
{"page":77,"change":"none","str":"ith a ","dir":"ltr","width":"26.11","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","480.71","681.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":480.71479999999997,"y":681.34}
{"page":77,"change":"none","str":"comma. If the adverb appears in the middle of a clause, set it apart with commas o","dir":"ltr","width":"438.03","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","667.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":667.54}
{"page":77,"change":"none","str":"has an additional meaning. If ","dir":"ltr","width":"156.82","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","96.14","626.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":96.1441,"y":626.26}
{"page":77,"change":"none","str":"is used to mean “excessively,” do not set it apart ","dir":"ltr","width":"259.92","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","272.93","626.26"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":272.9303,"y":626.26}
{"page":77,"change":"none","str":"Many students will be at the event ","dir":"ltr","width":"183.99","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","584.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":584.74}
{"page":77,"change":"none","str":". (End of the sentence.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"128.16","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","310.85","584.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":310.84986000000004,"y":584.74}
{"page":77,"change":"none","str":", can make an entrance at the event. (In the middle of the sentence, se","dir":"ltr","width":"375.17","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","154.70","570.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":154.69996,"y":570.94}
{"page":77,"change":"none","str":"apart with commas. ","dir":"ltr","width":"107.41","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","557.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":557.14}
{"page":77,"change":"none","str":"That joke was ","dir":"ltr","width":"77.32","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","543.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":543.34}
{"page":77,"change":"none","str":" funny. (Too means excessively in this sentence. No commas ","dir":"ltr","width":"328.62","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","204.05","543.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":204.04996,"y":543.34}
{"page":77,"change":"none","str":"Commas and Introductory Phrases","dir":"ltr","width":"299.00","height":"18.00","transform":["18.00","0.00","0.00","18.00","72.02","421.99"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":421.99}
{"page":77,"change":"none","str":"Verb phrases that appear before an independent clause should be followed with ","dir":"ltr","width":"427.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","373.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":373.51}
{"page":77,"change":"none","str":"commas. Introductory verbal phrases modify the subject of the main clause. Be sure ","dir":"ltr","width":"449.25","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","359.69"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":359.69}
{"page":77,"change":"none","str":"that your introductory phrase is modifying the intended subject. ","dir":"ltr","width":"336.72","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","345.89"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":345.89}
{"page":77,"change":"none","str":"Running the marathon","dir":"ltr","width":"128.02","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","318.29"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":108.01986,"y":318.29}
{"page":77,"change":"none","str":"Mary listened to music with a strong beat. (Introductory ","dir":"ltr","width":"294.50","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","242.81","318.29"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":242.81017,"y":318.29}
{"page":77,"change":"none","str":"verb phrase separated with a comma) ","dir":"ltr","width":"204.85","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","304.49"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":304.49}
{"page":77,"change":"none","str":"Working long hours","dir":"ltr","width":"113.32","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","290.69"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":108.01986,"y":290.69}
{"page":77,"change":"none","str":" finished the project early. (Introductory verb phrase ","dir":"ltr","width":"277.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","243.29","290.69"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":243.28966,"y":290.69}
{"page":77,"change":"none","str":"separated with a comma) ","dir":"ltr","width":"138.13","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","276.89"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":276.89}
{"page":77,"change":"none","str":"Prepositional phrases can also introduce sentences. Introductory prepositional phrases ","dir":"ltr","width":"465.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","220.61"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":220.61}
{"page":77,"change":"none","str":"with four words or more should be followed by a comma.","dir":"ltr","width":"299.95","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","206.81"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":206.81}
{"page":77,"change":"none","str":" we expect the sun to shine. (No comma is needed. Introductory ","dir":"ltr","width":"342.42","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","157.46","179.18"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":157.46006,"y":179.18}
{"page":77,"change":"none","str":"prepositional phrase is only 2 words) ","dir":"ltr","width":"198.25","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","165.38"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":165.38}
{"page":77,"change":"none","str":"By the middle of March","dir":"ltr","width":"132.06","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","151.58"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":108.01986,"y":151.58}
{"page":77,"change":"none","str":", the sun will shine more often in Seattle. (Introductory ","dir":"ltr","width":"289.38","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","240.17","151.58"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":240.16986,"y":151.58}
{"page":77,"change":"none","str":"prepositional phrase separated with a comma) ","dir":"ltr","width":"249.51","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","137.78"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":137.78}
{"page":78,"change":"none","str":"Dates, Time Zones, Addresses, and Geographic ","dir":"ltr","width":"412.97","height":"18.00","transform":["18.00","0.00","0.00","18.00","72.02","703.42"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":703.42}
{"page":78,"change":"none","str":"Dates can be comprised of a number of different parts, such as weekday, calend","dir":"ltr","width":"427.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","637.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":637.06}
{"page":78,"change":"none","str":"and year. When writing dates with more than two parts, commas are used to separate","dir":"ltr","width":"454.70","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","623.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":623.26}
{"page":78,"change":"none","str":"the different elements in the sentence to provide clarity. The month and date are ","dir":"ltr","width":"428.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","609.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":609.46}
{"page":78,"change":"none","str":"separated with commas. ","dir":"ltr","width":"133.31","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","595.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":595.66}
{"page":78,"change":"none","str":"On March 4 we will celebrate a special holiday. (Only two parts. No comma ","dir":"ltr","width":"401.46","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","568.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":568.06}
{"page":78,"change":"none","str":"On March 4, 2014, we will celebrate a special holiday. (Two commas set off the ","dir":"ltr","width":"424.06","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","529.39"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":529.39}
{"page":78,"change":"none","str":"On Tuesday, March 4, 2014, we will finish the chapter. (Month and date are ","dir":"ltr","width":"403.29","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","490.87"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":490.87}
{"page":78,"change":"none","str":"never separated with commas. Commas separate other parts in this list.)","dir":"ltr","width":"385.51","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","477.07"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":477.07}
{"page":78,"change":"none","str":"In March 2012 investors saw the stock price increase substantially. (Only two ","dir":"ltr","width":"411.69","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","452.23"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":452.23}
{"page":78,"change":"none","str":"parts. No comma needed.)","dir":"ltr","width":"142.10","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","438.43"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":438.43}
{"page":78,"change":"none","str":"When writing a sentence that contains a time zone, commas separate the time zo","dir":"ltr","width":"431.96","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","397.03"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":397.03}
{"page":78,"change":"none","str":"from the rest of the sentence. Note that commas are used on both sides of the t","dir":"ltr","width":"421.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","383.23"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":383.23}
{"page":78,"change":"none","str":"Our flight leaves Seattle at 8:55 a.m., PST, and arrives in New York at 5:05 p.m., ","dir":"ltr","width":"431.26","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","344.57"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":344.57}
{"page":78,"change":"none","str":"Dan ordered the flowers at 11:58 p.m., PST, and the coupon expired at midnight.","dir":"ltr","width":"428.70","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","305.93"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":305.93}
{"page":78,"change":"none","str":"When addresses are written in a sentence, separate each part of the address with ","dir":"ltr","width":"437.95","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","250.73"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":250.73}
{"page":78,"change":"none","str":"commas. Do not place a comma between the state and the zip code.","dir":"ltr","width":"365.03","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","236.93"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":236.93}
{"page":78,"change":"none","str":"Please send a copy of your passport to Epic Adventures, 14567 NE Aardvark ","dir":"ltr","width":"412.60","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","212.09"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":212.09}
{"page":78,"change":"none","str":"Place, Seattle, WA 98101, before your trip. (Commas are used between all ","dir":"ltr","width":"400.20","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","198.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":198.26}
{"page":78,"change":"none","str":"elements except the state and zip code, which are considered a single unit.)","dir":"ltr","width":"402.74","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","184.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":184.46}
{"page":78,"change":"none","str":"Edmonds Community College is located at 20000 68th Ave","dir":"ltr","width":"313.27","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","159.62"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":159.62}
{"page":78,"change":"none","str":"WA 98036. (Commas are used between all elements except state and zip code, ","dir":"ltr","width":"426.68","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","145.82"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":145.82}
{"page":78,"change":"none","str":"which are considered a single unit.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"191.53","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","132.02"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":132.02}
{"page":79,"change":"none","str":"When referring to a location with both the city and the state, separate the city from","dir":"ltr","width":"434.56","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","692.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":692.26}
{"page":79,"change":"none","str":" the ","dir":"ltr","width":"23.35","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","506.66","692.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":506.6598,"y":692.26}
{"page":79,"change":"none","str":"state with commas. Commas are used on both sides of the state name unless the state","dir":"ltr","width":"462.00","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","678.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":678.46}
{"page":79,"change":"none","str":"appears at the end of the sentence. Commas are also used to set off the na","dir":"ltr","width":"401.52","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","664.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":664.66}
{"page":79,"change":"none","str":"me of a ","dir":"ltr","width":"43.38","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","473.86","664.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":473.86,"y":664.66}
{"page":79,"change":"none","str":"country when it follows the name of a city. ","dir":"ltr","width":"225.22","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","650.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":650.86}
{"page":79,"change":"none","str":"Think about how you write these locations as an address on an envelope. You","dir":"ltr","width":"415.06","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","623.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":623.26}
{"page":79,"change":"none","str":" would ","dir":"ltr","width":"37.97","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","487.02","623.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":487.0158,"y":623.26}
{"page":79,"change":"none","str":"separate the city, state, and country with commas. ","dir":"ltr","width":"270.09","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","609.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":609.46}
{"page":79,"change":"none","str":"The Jones family moved from Portland, Oregon, to Billings, Montana. (Two ","dir":"ltr","width":"399.96","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","584.62"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":584.62}
{"page":79,"change":"none","str":"commas set off the state unless it appears at the end of the sentence.)","dir":"ltr","width":"374.00","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","570.82"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":570.82}
{"page":79,"change":"none","str":"The 12-hour flight from London, England, to Seattle, Washington, was fille","dir":"ltr","width":"392.37","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","546.10"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":546.1}
{"page":79,"change":"none","str":"d with ","dir":"ltr","width":"34.86","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","500.29","546.10"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":500.293,"y":546.1}
{"page":79,"change":"none","str":"business travelers. (Two commas set off the country unless it appears at the end ","dir":"ltr","width":"431.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","532.27"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":532.27}
{"page":79,"change":"none","str":"of the sentence.)","dir":"ltr","width":"89.46","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","518.47"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02,"y":518.47}
{"page":79,"change":"none","str":"Commas are used to set apart two related, but contrasting, statements. Contrasting ","dir":"ltr","width":"445.33","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","438.43"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":438.43}
{"page":79,"change":"none","str":"statements are often introduced by the words ","dir":"ltr","width":"243.26","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","424.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":424.63}
{"page":79,"change":"none","str":" and ","dir":"ltr","width":"26.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","401.59","424.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":401.5896,"y":424.63}
{"page":79,"change":"none","str":". Not all ","dir":"ltr","width":"44.10","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","445.63","424.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":445.6299,"y":424.63}
{"page":79,"change":"none","str":"contrasting statements are preceded by these words. If the sentence contains ","dir":"ltr","width":"415.33","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","410.83"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02390000000003,"y":410.83}
{"page":79,"change":"none","str":"contrasting statements, separate the contrasting statements with commas. ","dir":"ltr","width":"398.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","397.03"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02390000000003,"y":397.03}
{"page":79,"change":"none","str":"We chose to travel to London, not Paris, at the beginning of our honeymoon. ","dir":"ltr","width":"408.60","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","369.41"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01996000000003,"y":369.40999999999997}
{"page":79,"change":"none","str":"(The contrasting element appears in the middle of the sentence.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"346.98","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","355.61"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01996000000003,"y":355.60999999999996}
{"page":79,"change":"none","str":"The more she complains, the more we ignore her. (One comma sets off a ","dir":"ltr","width":"392.86","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","341.81"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01992000000003,"y":341.80999999999995}
{"page":79,"change":"none","str":"contrasting statement at the end of the sentence.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"267.51","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","328.01"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01992000000003,"y":328.00999999999993}
{"page":79,"change":"none","str":"Commas can help eliminate confusion in a sentence. Commas are used to separate ","dir":"ltr","width":"448.69","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","267.77"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":267.77}
{"page":79,"change":"none","str":"words that are repeated for emphasis. In addition, commas can be used betwee","dir":"ltr","width":"423.28","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","253.97"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":253.96999999999997}
{"page":79,"change":"none","str":"n words ","dir":"ltr","width":"45.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","495.34","253.97"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":495.3438,"y":253.96999999999997}
{"page":79,"change":"none","str":"if it helps avoid confusion in the sentence. ","dir":"ltr","width":"225.44","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","240.17"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":240.16999999999996}
{"page":79,"change":"none","str":"No matter what, they know they have our support. (Comma needed for clarity.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"420.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","212.57"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986000000002,"y":212.56999999999996}
{"page":79,"change":"none","str":"Most of the time, travelers bring a book or magazine to read. (Comma needed for ","dir":"ltr","width":"434.08","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","198.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01982000000002,"y":198.73989999999998}
{"page":79,"change":"none","str":"They waited a very, very long time for a table at the restaurant. (Comma added","dir":"ltr","width":"418.95","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","171.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01978000000003,"y":171.13989999999995}
{"page":79,"change":"none","str":"between the repeated words.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"162.13","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","157.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01978000000008,"y":157.33989999999994}
{"page":80,"change":"none","str":"A comma is used before the quotation mark to set off a short quotation from the rest ","dir":"ltr","width":"448.05","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","708.96"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416000000005,"y":708.96}
{"page":80,"change":"none","str":"the sentence. If the quotation is divided into two parts, commas are used with each part ","dir":"ltr","width":"466.16","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","695.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416000000005,"y":695.1401000000001}
{"page":80,"change":"none","str":"of the quotation.","dir":"ltr","width":"86.08","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","681.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416000000005,"y":681.3401000000001}
{"page":80,"change":"none","str":"The instructor said, “The writing assignment is due on Friday.”","dir":"ltr","width":"328.58","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","653.74"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.02022000000004,"y":653.7397000000001}
{"page":80,"change":"none","str":"“Discipline,” said Abraham Lincoln, “is choosing between what you want now and ","dir":"ltr","width":"432.65","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","639.94"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.02028000000007,"y":639.9397000000001}
{"page":80,"change":"none","str":"what you want most.”","dir":"ltr","width":"113.42","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","626.14"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.02028000000007,"y":626.1397000000002}
{"page":80,"change":"none","str":"Degrees, Abbreviations, and Numbers","dir":"ltr","width":"325.94","height":"18.00","transform":["18.00","0.00","0.00","18.00","72.02","567.22"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":567.22}
{"page":80,"change":"none","str":"Degrees and Abbreviations","dir":"ltr","width":"187.64","height":"14.52","transform":["14.52","0.00","0.00","14.52","72.02","535.99"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":535.9896}
{"page":80,"change":"none","str":"Degrees, personal titles, and professional titles are set off by commas. The ","dir":"ltr","width":"400.91","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","521.59"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":521.59}
{"page":80,"change":"none","str":"Sr., and Roman numerals added to a person‟s name are not ","dir":"ltr","width":"322.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","166.82","507.79"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":166.8199,"y":507.7896}
{"page":80,"change":"none","str":"separated with commas. ","dir":"ltr","width":"133.31","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","493.99"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":493.9896}
{"page":80,"change":"none","str":"David Johnson, PhD, will speak about the importance of grammar. ","dir":"ltr","width":"355.62","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","466.39"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":466.39}
{"page":80,"change":"none","str":"Mary Elizabeth, MD, is currently accepting new patients. ","dir":"ltr","width":"301.47","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","452.59"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01982,"y":452.58959999999996}
{"page":80,"change":"none","str":"Fred Jones Sr. is the father of Fred Jones Jr. ","dir":"ltr","width":"241.47","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","438.79"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01978,"y":438.78959999999995}
{"page":80,"change":"none","str":"Some companies have the abbreviations Inc. and Ltd. in their company name. ","dir":"ltr","width":"417.19","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","365.81"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":365.81}
{"page":80,"change":"none","str":"Inc. and ","dir":"ltr","width":"46.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","489.25","365.81"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":489.2478,"y":365.81}
{"page":80,"change":"none","str":"Ltd. are not set off with commas unless the company‟s legal name i","dir":"ltr","width":"356.72","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","352.01"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":352.01}
{"page":80,"change":"none","str":"ncludes the ","dir":"ltr","width":"64.73","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","429.07","352.01"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":429.0698,"y":352.01}
{"page":80,"change":"none","str":"commas. (This is not common.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"170.65","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","338.21"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":338.21}
{"page":80,"change":"none","str":"Pixar Inc. creates animated movies and short films. (no comma needed) ","dir":"ltr","width":"385.74","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","310.61"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":310.60999999999996}
{"page":80,"change":"none","str":"Apple Inc. invented the iPhone. (no comma needed) ","dir":"ltr","width":"280.11","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","296.81"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01982,"y":296.80999999999995}
{"page":80,"change":"none","str":"To avoid potential confusion, use a comma when unrelated numbers appear side by ","dir":"ltr","width":"448.68","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","235.85"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":235.85}
{"page":80,"change":"none","str":"side in a sentence. Numbers of more than three digits require commas. Calendar ","dir":"ltr","width":"436.19","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","222.05"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":222.04999999999998}
{"page":80,"change":"none","str":"years, addresses, page numbers, decimal points, and zip codes do not require internal ","dir":"ltr","width":"462.10","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","208.25"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":208.24999999999997}
{"page":80,"change":"none","str":"By 2015, 950 levels of Candy Crush will be available. (Two figures appearing ","dir":"ltr","width":"411.33","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","166.82"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":166.8199}
{"page":80,"change":"none","str":"side by side are separated with a comma.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"228.75","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","153.02"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":153.01989999999998}
{"page":80,"change":"none","str":"There were 1,780 people at the mall today. (Comma separates a number larger ","dir":"ltr","width":"424.59","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","139.22"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01982,"y":139.21989999999997}
{"page":80,"change":"none","str":"than three digits.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"96.13","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","125.42"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01982,"y":125.41989999999997}
{"page":80,"change":"none","str":"Their zip code is 98052. (No internal comma needed in a zip code) ","dir":"ltr","width":"356.94","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","111.62"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01978,"y":111.61989999999997}
{"page":81,"change":"none","str":"Quick List of Comma Rules","dir":"ltr","width":"233.91","height":"18.00","transform":["18.00","0.00","0.00","18.00","72.02","668.98"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02416000000005,"y":668.9801}
{"page":81,"change":"none","str":"1. Use a comma to separate three or more items in a series. ","dir":"ltr","width":"342.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","653.74"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":653.74}
{"page":81,"change":"none","str":"She likes apples, pears, bananas, and peaches. ","dir":"ltr","width":"262.23","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","639.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":639.94}
{"page":81,"change":"none","str":"2. Use a comma with a coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS) to separate ","dir":"ltr","width":"415.92","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","612.34"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02376,"y":612.3404}
{"page":81,"change":"none","str":"Fred likes to go out for dinner, but he also enjoys cooking dinner at home. ","dir":"ltr","width":"397.74","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","584.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01989999999999,"y":584.7400000000001}
{"page":81,"change":"none","str":"3. Use a comma to separate an introductory dependent clause from the ","dir":"ltr","width":"408.62","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","557.14"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":557.1404000000001}
{"page":81,"change":"none","str":"Although it began to rain, we went for a walk around the neighborhood. ","dir":"ltr","width":"382.98","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","529.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01969999999999,"y":529.5103000000001}
{"page":81,"change":"none","str":"5. Use commas to separate two or more adjectives that describe the same noun. ","dir":"ltr","width":"460.76","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","501.91"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02359999999999,"y":501.9103000000001}
{"page":81,"change":"none","str":"Try inserting the word “and” between the adjectives and reverse the adjectives. If the ","dir":"ltr","width":"451.99","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","488.11"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":72.02359999999999,"y":488.1103000000001}
{"page":81,"change":"none","str":"sentence still makes sense, then a comma is needed between the adjectives. ","dir":"ltr","width":"413.24","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","474.31"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02359999999999,"y":474.3103000000001}
{"page":81,"change":"none","str":"She is an intelligent, capable student. (She is a capable and intelligent student.","dir":"ltr","width":"418.09","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","460.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01965999999999,"y":460.5103000000001}
{"page":81,"change":"none","str":"4. Use commas to set apart nonessential parenthetical elements in a sentence.","dir":"ltr","width":"448.02","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","432.91"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02265999999997,"y":432.91030000000006}
{"page":81,"change":"none","str":" It ","dir":"ltr","width":"13.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","520.42","432.91"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":520.41866,"y":432.91030000000006}
{"page":81,"change":"none","str":"is considered nonessential if it can be removed and the sentence still makes sense. ","dir":"ltr","width":"445.96","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","419.11"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02266000000003,"y":419.11030000000005}
{"page":81,"change":"none","str":"Fred is, without a doubt, the best cook in the family. ","dir":"ltr","width":"280.23","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","405.31"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01872000000009,"y":405.31030000000004}
{"page":81,"change":"none","str":"5. Use commas to set apart elements in dates, geographical locations, addresses, ","dir":"ltr","width":"469.38","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","377.71"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02262000000009,"y":377.7103}
{"page":81,"change":"none","str":"and titles in names. ","dir":"ltr","width":"114.72","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","363.89"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02262000000009,"y":363.89000000000004}
{"page":81,"change":"none","str":"Nancy Johnson, MD, moved to Paris, France, on July 15, 2013, to complete her ","dir":"ltr","width":"425.98","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","350.09"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01868000000009,"y":350.09000000000003}
{"page":81,"change":"none","str":"6. Use commas to separate a short quotation from the rest of the sentence.","dir":"ltr","width":"427.42","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","308.69"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02258000000009,"y":308.69}
{"page":81,"change":"none","str":"Mary asked, “Who wants to go to Hawaii in December?” “I do,” said Sarah.","dir":"ltr","width":"395.43","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","294.89"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.01848000000018,"y":294.89}
{"page":81,"change":"none","str":"7. Use commas when necessary to prevent confusion. ","dir":"ltr","width":"312.02","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","267.29"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0224800000002,"y":267.28999999999996}
{"page":81,"change":"none","str":"To Nancy, Kennedy was the most charismatic president. ","dir":"ltr","width":"309.51","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","253.49"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.0185400000002,"y":253.48999999999995}
{"page":81,"change":"none","str":"8. Use commas when directly addressing someone. ","dir":"ltr","width":"297.50","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","225.89"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0224400000002,"y":225.88999999999996}
{"page":81,"change":"none","str":"9. Use a comma when separating introductory words, such as yes, well, no, and ","dir":"ltr","width":"458.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","184.46"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02250000000018,"y":184.45999999999995}
{"page":81,"change":"none","str":"Yes, I will be at the conference in Las Vegas. ","dir":"ltr","width":"242.91","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","156.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01856000000019,"y":156.85999999999993}
{"page":81,"change":"none","str":"10. Use a comma to show contrasting statements. ","dir":"ltr","width":"288.03","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","129.26"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0224600000002,"y":129.25999999999993}
{"page":81,"change":"none","str":"These are my shoes, not yours. ","dir":"ltr","width":"174.73","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","115.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.0185200000002,"y":115.45999999999994}
{"page":81,"change":"none","str":"11. Use a comma when unrelated numbers appear side by side in a sentence. ","dir":"ltr","width":"443.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","87.86"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0224200000002,"y":87.86389999999994}
{"page":82,"change":"none","str":"By September 2014, 13 new cafes will be opening on campus. ","dir":"ltr","width":"338.19","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","708.96"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02022000000005,"y":708.96}
{"page":82,"change":"none","str":"Semicolons, Colons, and Other ","dir":"ltr","width":"362.66","height":"24.00","transform":["24.00","0.00","0.00","24.00","127.94","336.41"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":127.93982000000003,"y":336.41010000000006}
{"page":82,"change":"none","str":"Many people were not taught how to properly use the semicolons, so they ap","dir":"ltr","width":"407.99","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","213.29"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":213.29}
{"page":82,"change":"none","str":"semicolons with fear. Once you learn the tricks to using semicolons, you might wonder ","dir":"ltr","width":"461.37","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","199.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":199.4603}
{"page":82,"change":"none","str":"how you wrote without them. Semicolons are a stronger piece of punctuation than the ","dir":"ltr","width":"455.95","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","185.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":185.66029999999998}
{"page":82,"change":"none","str":"comma. Use them in the following instances.","dir":"ltr","width":"237.46","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","171.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":171.86029999999997}
{"page":82,"change":"none","str":"Semicolons are used to connect two independent clauses. ","dir":"ltr","width":"336.60","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","144.26"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02380000000002,"y":144.26029999999997}
{"page":82,"change":"none","str":"Using a semicolon ","dir":"ltr","width":"101.33","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","408.91","144.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":408.9098,"y":144.26029999999997}
{"page":82,"change":"none","str":"signals that the two clauses are closely related. If the two independent clauses are not ","dir":"ltr","width":"460.02","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","130.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":130.46029999999996}
{"page":82,"change":"none","str":"closely related, then a semicolon is not the right choice. ","dir":"ltr","width":"297.46","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","116.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":116.66029999999996}
{"page":82,"change":"none","str":"Winter quarter is almost finished; finals take place in two weeks. (Correct! These ","dir":"ltr","width":"429.25","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","89.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":89.06419999999997}
{"page":82,"change":"none","str":"two independent clauses are closely related.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"243.51","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","75.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":75.26419999999997}
{"page":83,"change":"none","str":"Summer quarter begins in July; I like coffee. (Incorrect! These two independent ","dir":"ltr","width":"425.62","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","708.96"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02022000000005,"y":708.96}
{"page":83,"change":"none","str":"clauses are not closely related.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"172.21","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","695.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02022000000005,"y":695.1401000000001}
{"page":83,"change":"none","str":"Independent clauses can work as their own sentence. If the clause cannot function","dir":"ltr","width":"438.02","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","667.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02412000000005,"y":667.5397}
{"page":83,"change":"none","str":" as ","dir":"ltr","width":"19.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","510.08","667.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":510.07612000000006,"y":667.5397}
{"page":83,"change":"none","str":"an independent sentence, then the semicolon is not the right choice. In addition, ","dir":"ltr","width":"427.52","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","653.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02412000000004,"y":653.7397000000001}
{"page":83,"change":"none","str":"use coordinating conjunctions with semicolons. Semicolons and coordinating ","dir":"ltr","width":"410.12","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","639.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":639.94}
{"page":83,"change":"none","str":"conjunctions do not go together. You can think of them as oil and water; they do n","dir":"ltr","width":"433.52","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","626.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":626.1404}
{"page":83,"change":"none","str":"The coffee shop closes at 9 p.m.; we need to hurry to get there in time. (Correct! ","dir":"ltr","width":"428.62","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","584.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":584.74}
{"page":83,"change":"none","str":"These two independent clauses are closely related.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"280.23","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","570.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":570.9404}
{"page":83,"change":"none","str":"The coffee shop closes at 9 p.m.; for lattes and scones. (Incorrect! The second ","dir":"ltr","width":"420.74","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","557.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01982,"y":557.1407999999999}
{"page":83,"change":"none","str":"half of the sentence is a prepositional phrase and not an independent clause.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"416.46","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","543.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01982,"y":543.3411999999998}
{"page":83,"change":"none","str":"The coffee is better at the downtown location; but we can go to the Bellevue","dir":"ltr","width":"401.81","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","529.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01978,"y":529.5110999999998}
{"page":83,"change":"none","str":"location. (Incorrect! Semicolons and coordinating conjunctions are never used ","dir":"ltr","width":"416.54","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","515.71"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01977999999997,"y":515.7110999999999}
{"page":83,"change":"none","str":"Semicolons are used to connect two independent clauses with the addition of a ","dir":"ltr","width":"456.57","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","462.31"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02367999999997,"y":462.31149999999985}
{"page":83,"change":"none","str":" Conjunctive adverbs provide a transition between one clause and ","dir":"ltr","width":"353.41","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","184.70","448.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":184.69967999999997,"y":448.51149999999984}
{"page":83,"change":"none","str":"the next clause. A semicolon appears before the conjunctive adverb, and a comma ","dir":"ltr","width":"442.68","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","434.71"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02367999999997,"y":434.71149999999983}
{"page":83,"change":"none","str":"appears after longer conjunctive adverbs. Common conjunctive adverbs include the ","dir":"ltr","width":"446.00","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","420.91"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02367999999997,"y":420.9114999999998}
{"page":83,"change":"none","str":"accordingly, consequently, for example, furthermore, however, likewise, ","dir":"ltr","width":"383.52","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","125.30","407.23"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":125.29987999999997,"y":407.23139999999984}
{"page":83,"change":"none","str":" and ","dir":"ltr","width":"26.59","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","128.18","379.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":128.1798799999999,"y":379.6313999999998}
{"page":83,"change":"none","str":"do not require the additional comma. ","dir":"ltr","width":"198.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","190.82","379.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":190.81967999999992,"y":379.6313999999998}
{"page":83,"change":"none","str":"Fred worked on his writing assignment for two days; consequently, he received a ","dir":"ltr","width":"432.29","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","351.89"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.0197399999999,"y":351.8911999999998}
{"page":83,"change":"none","str":"high score from his instructor. ","dir":"ltr","width":"164.05","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","338.09"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.0197399999999,"y":338.0911999999998}
{"page":83,"change":"none","str":"She did not attend class for two weeks; consequently, she missed a lot of ","dir":"ltr","width":"391.87","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","324.29"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.0196999999999,"y":324.2911999999998}
{"page":83,"change":"none","str":"information that was on the exam. ","dir":"ltr","width":"186.73","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","310.49"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.0196999999999,"y":310.49119999999976}
{"page":83,"change":"none","str":"Mary updated her Facebook status before the movie started; hence she had ","dir":"ltr","width":"406.66","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","296.69"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.0196599999999,"y":296.69119999999975}
{"page":83,"change":"none","str":"many notifications when she turned her phone back on. (No comma needed afte","dir":"ltr","width":"426.17","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","282.89"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.0196599999999,"y":282.89119999999974}
{"page":83,"change":"none","str":"Semicolons are used to separate items in a series when those items already have ","dir":"ltr","width":"467.16","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","229.49"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02365999999992,"y":229.4911999999997}
{"page":83,"change":"none","str":" Usually you only use commas to separate items in a series, but when the ","dir":"ltr","width":"394.00","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","124.10","215.69"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":124.09985999999992,"y":215.6911999999997}
{"page":83,"change":"none","str":"items already contain commas, semicolons are added for clarity. ","dir":"ltr","width":"344.72","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","201.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02365999999992,"y":201.8614999999997}
{"page":83,"change":"none","str":"We traveled to Paris, France; Berlin, Germany; and Madrid, Spain. (Semicolons ","dir":"ltr","width":"425.28","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","174.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.0197199999999,"y":174.26149999999967}
{"page":83,"change":"none","str":"separate the locations, which are already written as city, country.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"350.94","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","160.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.0197199999999,"y":160.46149999999966}
{"page":83,"change":"none","str":"Mary has lived in Billings, Montana; Portland, Oregon; Orlando, Florida; and New ","dir":"ltr","width":"432.86","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","146.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.0196799999999,"y":146.66149999999965}
{"page":83,"change":"none","str":"York, New York. (Semicolons separate the locations, which are written with ","dir":"ltr","width":"401.20","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","132.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.0196799999999,"y":132.86149999999964}
{"page":83,"change":"none","str":"internal commas separating the city and the state.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"272.31","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","119.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.0196799999999,"y":119.06149999999964}
{"page":84,"change":"none","str":"Semicolons are used to separate three or more independent clauses that appear ","dir":"ltr","width":"461.23","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","708.96"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02416000000005,"y":708.96}
{"page":84,"change":"none","str":"in a series. ","dir":"ltr","width":"65.44","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","695.14"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02416000000005,"y":695.1401000000001}
{"page":84,"change":"none","str":"These sentences can be long and wordy. If the sentence becomes too ","dir":"ltr","width":"376.26","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","137.42","695.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":137.42026000000004,"y":695.1401000000001}
{"page":84,"change":"none","str":"cumbersome, it is time to rewrite it. ","dir":"ltr","width":"188.60","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","681.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416000000004,"y":681.3401000000001}
{"page":84,"change":"none","str":"The first coffeehouse offered delicious coffee and scones; the second ","dir":"ltr","width":"371.97","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","653.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02022000000005,"y":653.7397000000001}
{"page":84,"change":"none","str":"coffeehouse offered only coffee; and the third coffeehouse offered c","dir":"ltr","width":"359.38","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","639.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02022000000005,"y":639.9397000000001}
{"page":84,"change":"none","str":"muffins, and music. ","dir":"ltr","width":"110.05","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","626.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02022000000005,"y":626.1401000000001}
{"page":84,"change":"none","str":" colon is used to introduce lists, quotations, and explanations. ","dir":"ltr","width":"359.18","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","93.38","552.10"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":93.38399999999999,"y":552.1}
{"page":84,"change":"none","str":"Colons alert the ","dir":"ltr","width":"87.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","452.86","552.10"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":452.86,"y":552.1}
{"page":84,"change":"none","str":"reader that a list or an explanation follows. The information after the colon will list, ","dir":"ltr","width":"438.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","538.27"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.024,"y":538.2699}
{"page":84,"change":"none","str":"explain, or clarify the information that appeared before the colon. Colons are only u","dir":"ltr","width":"439.43","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","524.47"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.024,"y":524.4699}
{"page":84,"change":"none","str":"after statements that are complete sentences. Never use a colon after a phrase or a ","dir":"ltr","width":"448.06","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","510.67"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.024,"y":510.66990000000004}
{"page":84,"change":"none","str":"Use a colon after an independent clause that introduces a list of one or more ","dir":"ltr","width":"440.61","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","469.27"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.024,"y":469.2699}
{"page":84,"change":"none","str":". All of the words to the left of a colon must form an independent clause. If it doe","dir":"ltr","width":"423.43","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","103.46","455.47"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":103.4603,"y":455.4699}
{"page":84,"change":"none","str":"not form an independent clause, then do not use a colon. A list can be introduced ","dir":"ltr","width":"437.82","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","441.67"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02429999999998,"y":441.6699}
{"page":84,"change":"none","str":"such words as","dir":"ltr","width":"76.74","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","427.99"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02429999999998,"y":427.9898}
{"page":84,"change":"none","str":" the following, as follows, these, ","dir":"ltr","width":"171.90","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","148.82","427.99"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":148.82039999999998,"y":427.9898}
{"page":84,"change":"none","str":". A list can be written vertically or ","dir":"ltr","width":"177.77","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","357.67","427.99"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":357.67029999999994,"y":427.9898}
{"page":84,"change":"none","str":"horizontally. Do not let the formatting confuse you. The rules still apply to colons e","dir":"ltr","width":"433.92","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","414.07"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02429999999993,"y":414.0699}
{"page":84,"change":"none","str":"when the sentence is written as a vertical list. ","dir":"ltr","width":"243.26","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","400.27"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02429999999993,"y":400.2699}
{"page":84,"change":"none","str":"When writing lists in sentence form, do not capitalize the first letter after the colon ","dir":"ltr","width":"434.02","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","372.67"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0242999999999,"y":372.6699}
{"page":84,"change":"none","str":"unless it is a proper noun. When using a colon in a vertical list, capitalize the first letter ","dir":"ltr","width":"460.88","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","358.85"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0242999999999,"y":358.84999999999997}
{"page":84,"change":"none","str":"of each item on the list. ","dir":"ltr","width":"126.69","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","345.05"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0242999999999,"y":345.04999999999995}
{"page":84,"change":"none","str":"Fred‟s favorite cities to visit are the following: New York, San Diego, and New ","dir":"ltr","width":"413.19","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","317.45"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.02035999999991,"y":317.44999999999993}
{"page":84,"change":"none","str":"Orleans. (Do not place the colon after “are” because it is a verb. ","dir":"ltr","width":"341.32","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","303.65"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.02035999999991,"y":303.6499999999999}
{"page":84,"change":"none","str":" You can usually ","dir":"ltr","width":"91.24","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","449.74","303.65"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":449.74035999999995,"y":303.6499999999999}
{"page":84,"change":"none","str":"add “the following” to make the phrase an independent clause.)","dir":"ltr","width":"335.41","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","289.85"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.02035999999993,"y":289.8499999999999}
{"page":84,"change":"none","str":"She had only one request that morning: coffee. (Colon introduces the one item ","dir":"ltr","width":"419.28","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","262.25"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02041999999994,"y":262.2499999999999}
{"page":84,"change":"none","str":"on her list.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"62.74","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","248.45"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02041999999994,"y":248.44999999999987}
{"page":84,"change":"none","str":"During November and December, Starbucks offers the following coffee ","dir":"ltr","width":"378.67","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","220.85"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02037999999995,"y":220.84999999999985}
{"page":85,"change":"none","str":"(No colon is used for this list because the sentence would not form an ","dir":"ltr","width":"372.74","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","708.96"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02026000000005,"y":708.96}
{"page":85,"change":"none","str":"independent clause before the colon.)","dir":"ltr","width":"200.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","695.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02026000000005,"y":695.1401000000001}
{"page":85,"change":"none","str":"Use a colon to introduce long one-sentence quotations and quotations longer ","dir":"ltr","width":"446.85","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","653.74"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02426000000003,"y":653.7397000000001}
{"page":85,"change":"none","str":"than one sentence.","dir":"ltr","width":"108.73","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","639.94"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02426000000003,"y":639.9397000000001}
{"page":85,"change":"none","str":" The entire quotation needs to be inside the quotation marks, ","dir":"ltr","width":"325.88","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","180.86","639.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":180.86026000000004,"y":639.9397000000001}
{"page":85,"change":"none","str":"including the sentence punctuation. ","dir":"ltr","width":"191.42","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","626.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02426000000004,"y":626.1401000000001}
{"page":85,"change":"none","str":"Maria Robinson said: “Nobody can go back and start a new beginning, but ","dir":"ltr","width":"396.68","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","598.54"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.02032000000003,"y":598.5397}
{"page":85,"change":"none","str":"anyone can start today and make a new ending.” (","dir":"ltr","width":"266.55","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","584.74"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.02032000000003,"y":584.7397000000001}
{"page":85,"change":"none","str":"introduced with a colon.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"133.45","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","570.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02032000000003,"y":570.9397000000001}
{"page":85,"change":"none","str":"Long quotations that fill more than three lines should be moved to a separate p","dir":"ltr","width":"417.27","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","543.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02422000000003,"y":543.3401000000001}
{"page":85,"change":"none","str":"without quotation marks. The paragraph should be indented on the right and the le","dir":"ltr","width":"436.00","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","529.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02422000000001,"y":529.5100000000001}
{"page":85,"change":"none","str":"and the quotation should be separated from the rest of the text with a b","dir":"ltr","width":"376.19","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","515.71"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02422000000001,"y":515.7100000000002}
{"page":85,"change":"none","str":"lank line before ","dir":"ltr","width":"84.64","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","448.27","515.71"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":448.27222,"y":515.7100000000002}
{"page":85,"change":"none","str":"and after the paragraph. Indentation and blank lines separate the quotation from th","dir":"ltr","width":"438.08","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","501.91"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02422000000001,"y":501.91000000000014}
{"page":85,"change":"none","str":"rest of the text. ","dir":"ltr","width":"82.65","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","488.11"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02422000000001,"y":488.1100000000001}
{"page":85,"change":"none","str":"Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only ","dir":"ltr","width":"324.64","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","144.02","460.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":144.02,"y":460.51}
{"page":85,"change":"none","str":"way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great ","dir":"ltr","width":"305.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","144.02","446.71"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":144.02,"y":446.71}
{"page":85,"change":"none","str":"work. And the only way to do great work is to love what you ","dir":"ltr","width":"317.80","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","144.02","432.91"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":144.02,"y":432.91}
{"page":85,"change":"none","str":"do. If you haven't found it yet, keep looking. Don't settle. As ","dir":"ltr","width":"317.22","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","144.02","419.11"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":144.02,"y":419.11}
{"page":85,"change":"none","str":"with all matters of the heart, you'll know when you find it. ","dir":"ltr","width":"302.55","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","144.02","405.31"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":144.02,"y":405.31}
{"page":85,"change":"none","str":"Use a colon to connect two independent clauses if the second clause explains or ","dir":"ltr","width":"465.35","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","351.89"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.024,"y":351.8896}
{"page":85,"change":"none","str":"supplements the first clause. ","dir":"ltr","width":"168.70","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","338.09"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.024,"y":338.08959999999996}
{"page":85,"change":"none","str":"If the information after the colon does not explain or ","dir":"ltr","width":"276.73","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","240.77","338.09"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":240.77,"y":338.08959999999996}
{"page":85,"change":"none","str":"illustrate the first clause, then a semicolon is a better punctuation choice.","dir":"ltr","width":"385.21","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","324.29"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.024,"y":324.28959999999995}
{"page":85,"change":"none","str":"The team faced a huge problem: their uniforms did not arrive in time for t","dir":"ltr","width":"384.84","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","296.69"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02006,"y":296.6895999999999}
{"page":85,"change":"none","str":"game. (What was their huge problem? The second clause explains what the ","dir":"ltr","width":"406.86","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","282.89"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02006,"y":282.8895999999999}
{"page":85,"change":"none","str":"Colons are used after the salutation of a business letter. ","dir":"ltr","width":"323.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","229.49"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02405999999999,"y":229.4895999999999}
{"page":85,"change":"none","str":"Dear Mr. Smith: ","dir":"ltr","width":"154.09","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","201.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02011999999996,"y":201.85989999999993}
{"page":85,"change":"none","str":"Dear Dr. Mary Jones: ","dir":"ltr","width":"117.37","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","188.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02007999999996,"y":188.0598999999999}
{"page":85,"change":"none","str":"To Whom it May Concern: ","dir":"ltr","width":"142.69","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","174.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02003999999997,"y":174.2598999999999}
{"page":85,"change":"none","str":"Colons are used to separate hours and minutes. ","dir":"ltr","width":"277.97","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","134.66"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02393999999997,"y":134.6594999999999}
{"page":86,"change":"none","str":"Colons are used to separate the title and the subtitle of books, articles, and other ","dir":"ltr","width":"465.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","708.96"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02416000000005,"y":708.96}
{"page":86,"change":"none","str":"Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World ","dir":"ltr","width":"220.73","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","667.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02022000000004,"y":667.5397}
{"page":86,"change":"none","str":"Woe is I: The Grammarphobe‟s Guide to Better English in Plain English (book ","dir":"ltr","width":"415.39","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","653.74"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.02028000000007,"y":653.7397000000001}
{"page":86,"change":"none","str":"Periods are most commonly used to end a sentence, but periods have other ","dir":"ltr","width":"406.14","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","579.70"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":579.7}
{"page":86,"change":"none","str":"Do not double space after periods unless you are typing on a typewriter. ","dir":"ltr","width":"416.09","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","565.90"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":565.9000000000001}
{"page":86,"change":"none","str":"word processing adds the appropriate space after a period. If you double space y","dir":"ltr","width":"430.03","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","552.10"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":552.1}
{"page":86,"change":"none","str":"document, you will end up with a lot of white space in your text. ","dir":"ltr","width":"337.95","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","538.27"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":538.2699}
{"page":86,"change":"none","str":"Use a period at the end of a sentence that is a statement, a command, or an ","dir":"ltr","width":"433.31","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","512.47"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":512.4699}
{"page":86,"change":"none","str":"This is the most familiar way to use a period. Indirect questions can ","dir":"ltr","width":"359.90","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","175.34","498.67"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":175.3398,"y":498.66990000000004}
{"page":86,"change":"none","str":"be challenging because the sentence might sound like a question. The sentence may","dir":"ltr","width":"452.04","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","484.87"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":484.86990000000003}
{"page":86,"change":"none","str":"even contain the word ","dir":"ltr","width":"120.74","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","471.19"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":471.18980000000005}
{"page":86,"change":"none","str":" If the statement contains the word ","dir":"ltr","width":"186.51","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","241.61","471.19"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":241.60999999999999,"y":471.18980000000005}
{"page":86,"change":"none","str":" or ","dir":"ltr","width":"17.28","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","467.74","471.19"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":467.7398,"y":471.18980000000005}
{"page":86,"change":"none","str":"look closely at the sentence to determine if the sentence is an indirect question or a ","dir":"ltr","width":"445.47","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","457.27"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02409999999998,"y":457.26990000000006}
{"page":86,"change":"none","str":"Turn in your writing assignment by midnight on Friday. (command) ","dir":"ltr","width":"355.62","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","402.07"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02011999999998,"y":402.0699}
{"page":86,"change":"none","str":"The instructor asked if there were any questions. (indirect question) ","dir":"ltr","width":"361.02","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","388.27"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02007999999998,"y":388.2699}
{"page":86,"change":"none","str":"The students wondered when the sun would come out again. (indirect question) ","dir":"ltr","width":"425.70","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","374.47"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02003999999998,"y":374.4699}
{"page":86,"change":"none","str":"Use a period to punctuate a polite request or suggestion. ","dir":"ltr","width":"328.63","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","360.65"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02393999999998,"y":360.65}
{"page":86,"change":"none","str":"Polite requests look a lot ","dir":"ltr","width":"134.03","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","400.75","360.65"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":400.74994,"y":360.65}
{"page":86,"change":"none","str":"like questions, but they are really commands. Polite requests add the words ","dir":"ltr","width":"404.54","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","346.97"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02393999999998,"y":346.9699}
{"page":86,"change":"none","str":"can, may, ","dir":"ltr","width":"55.34","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","476.98","346.97"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":476.97994,"y":346.9699}
{"page":86,"change":"none","str":" to soften a command. The result is a command that sounds a lot ","dir":"ltr","width":"347.95","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","185.54","333.17"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":185.53993999999997,"y":333.1699}
{"page":86,"change":"none","str":"like a suggestion. Polite requests are a way to command action in a less pushy way. ","dir":"ltr","width":"449.43","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","319.25"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02393999999997,"y":319.25}
{"page":86,"change":"none","str":"Because these sentences are commands, they cannot be answered with a simple ","dir":"ltr","width":"436.64","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","305.57"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02393999999997,"y":305.5699}
{"page":86,"change":"none","str":" reply. A polite request is asking for action. ","dir":"ltr","width":"228.50","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","99.50","291.77"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":99.50393999999999,"y":291.7699}
{"page":86,"change":"none","str":"May I suggest that you prepare your writing assignment early in the week. (polite ","dir":"ltr","width":"430.63","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","264.05"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01999999999998,"y":264.05}
{"page":86,"change":"none","str":"Will you please let me know if you have any questions. (polite request) ","dir":"ltr","width":"376.86","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","236.45"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01995999999998,"y":236.45}
{"page":86,"change":"none","str":"Could you please arrive ten minutes early for your appointment. (polite request) ","dir":"ltr","width":"424.26","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","222.65"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01991999999998,"y":222.64999999999998}
{"page":86,"change":"none","str":"Punctuating polite requests can be confusing. As the writer, you have control over how ","dir":"ltr","width":"461.88","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","195.02"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02381999999999,"y":195.01989999999998}
{"page":86,"change":"none","str":"the sentence is written. Rewrite the sentence as a statement if a period seems","dir":"ltr","width":"415.49","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","181.22"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02381999999999,"y":181.21989999999997}
{"page":86,"change":"none","str":"I suggest that you prepare your writing assignment early in the week. (polite ","dir":"ltr","width":"404.76","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","139.82"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01988,"y":139.81989999999996}
{"page":86,"change":"none","str":"request rewritten as a statement) ","dir":"ltr","width":"178.69","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","126.02"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01988,"y":126.01989999999996}
{"page":86,"change":"none","str":"Let me know if you have any questions. (polite request rewritten as a stateme","dir":"ltr","width":"411.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","112.22"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01984,"y":112.21989999999997}
{"page":86,"change":"none","str":"Please arrive ten minutes early for your appointment. (polite request rewritten as ","dir":"ltr","width":"429.34","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","98.42"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.0199,"y":98.42379999999997}
{"page":87,"change":"none","str":"Use periods to punctuate lower case abbreviations.","dir":"ltr","width":"293.22","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","683.14"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02416000000005,"y":683.1402}
{"page":87,"change":"none","str":"ft. (foot or feet) ","dir":"ltr","width":"82.06","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","627.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02022000000008,"y":627.9398000000001}
{"page":87,"change":"none","str":"EXCEPTIONS: mph (miles per hour), wpm (words per minute) ","dir":"ltr","width":"333.51","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","586.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02010000000007,"y":586.5398000000001}
{"page":87,"change":"none","str":"Use periods to punctuate abbreviations containing capital and lowercase letters. ","dir":"ltr","width":"462.66","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","546.94"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02400000000007,"y":546.9398000000001}
{"page":87,"change":"none","str":"No periods are used to punctuate abbreviations containing all capital letters. ","dir":"ltr","width":"440.12","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","450.31"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02384000000006,"y":450.31020000000007}
{"page":87,"change":"none","str":"Businesses, organizations, academic degrees, geographic areas, television stations, ","dir":"ltr","width":"451.38","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","436.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02384000000006,"y":436.51020000000005}
{"page":87,"change":"none","str":"federal agencies, and professional certificates do not use periods.","dir":"ltr","width":"348.63","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","422.71"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02384000000006,"y":422.71020000000004}
{"page":87,"change":"none","str":"NYSE (New York Stock Exchange) ","dir":"ltr","width":"189.49","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","381.31"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986000000007,"y":381.3102}
{"page":87,"change":"none","str":"IPO (Initial Public Offering) ","dir":"ltr","width":"147.37","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","367.49"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01982000000007,"y":367.48990000000003}
{"page":87,"change":"none","str":"AA (Associate of Arts degree) ","dir":"ltr","width":"161.53","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","353.69"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01978000000007,"y":353.6899}
{"page":87,"change":"none","str":"FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation) ","dir":"ltr","width":"200.17","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","339.89"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01974000000007,"y":339.8899}
{"page":87,"change":"none","str":"USA (United States of America) ","dir":"ltr","width":"172.09","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","326.09"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01970000000007,"y":326.0899}
{"page":87,"change":"none","str":" use periods and spaces when single initials are used to abbreviate ","dir":"ltr","width":"359.32","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","181.46","312.29"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":181.45986000000008,"y":312.2899}
{"page":87,"change":"none","str":"person‟s name, such as J. K. Rowling. ","dir":"ltr","width":"206.45","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","118.10","298.49"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":118.09976000000007,"y":298.4899}
{"page":87,"change":"none","str":" use periods when United States is abbreviated and used as an ","dir":"ltr","width":"339.16","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","181.46","284.69"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":181.46002000000007,"y":284.68989999999997}
{"page":87,"change":"none","str":"Punctuating after an abbreviation","dir":"ltr","width":"230.43","height":"14.52","transform":["14.52","0.00","0.00","14.52","72.02","212.33"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02382000000009,"y":212.33009999999996}
{"page":87,"change":"none","str":"If the abbreviation appears at the end of a sentence, you do not add an ad","dir":"ltr","width":"393.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","197.90"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":197.9}
{"page":87,"change":"none","str":"period to the end of the sentence. If your sentence ends with a different punct","dir":"ltr","width":"410.72","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","184.10"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":184.1}
{"page":87,"change":"none","str":"mark, then the period and the additional punctuation mark are used together. This is ","dir":"ltr","width":"448.69","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","170.30"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":170.29999999999998}
{"page":87,"change":"none","str":"ammatically correct, but it looks awkward. In these cases, it is often better to rewrite ","dir":"ltr","width":"446.60","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","82.58","156.50"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":82.58399999999999,"y":156.49999999999997}
{"page":87,"change":"none","str":"Dave‟s flight was scheduled to depart at 9:35 a.m. (no extra period needed)","dir":"ltr","width":"400.00","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","115.10"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":115.09999999999995}
{"page":87,"change":"none","str":"Did you mark the course in ft. or yds.? (period used for abbreviation and question ","dir":"ltr","width":"433.58","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","101.30"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01991999999996,"y":101.29999999999995}
{"page":87,"change":"none","str":"mark used to end the question) ","dir":"ltr","width":"168.85","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","87.50"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01991999999996,"y":87.50389999999996}
{"page":88,"change":"none","str":"Did you mark the course in feet or yards? (rewritten using the words feet and ","dir":"ltr","width":"410.04","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","708.96"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02022000000005,"y":708.96}
{"page":88,"change":"none","str":"yards instead of their abbreviations) ","dir":"ltr","width":"196.81","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","695.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02022000000005,"y":695.1401000000001}
{"page":88,"change":"none","str":"Use a question mark to punctuate a direct question.","dir":"ltr","width":"295.31","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","602.14"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":602.14}
{"page":88,"change":"none","str":"Have you seen my keys? ","dir":"ltr","width":"137.53","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","574.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":574.5396}
{"page":88,"change":"none","str":"What do you want for dinner? ","dir":"ltr","width":"160.21","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","560.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01982,"y":560.7396}
{"page":88,"change":"none","str":"Use a question mark to punctuate tag questions added to statements. ","dir":"ltr","width":"400.56","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","521.11"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02372,"y":521.1099}
{"page":88,"change":"none","str":"questions are added to the end of a statement and turn the entire sentence in","dir":"ltr","width":"410.10","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","507.31"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02372000000003,"y":507.3099}
{"page":88,"change":"none","str":"to a ","dir":"ltr","width":"23.24","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","482.15","507.31"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":482.15472,"y":507.3099}
{"page":88,"change":"none","str":"The cafe serves the best coffee, don‟t they?","dir":"ltr","width":"232.57","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","465.91"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.01978000000003,"y":465.9099}
{"page":88,"change":"none","str":"That was the best ","dir":"ltr","width":"98.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","452.11"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01983999999999,"y":452.1099}
{"page":88,"change":"none","str":"movie, don‟t you think?","dir":"ltr","width":"122.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","206.09","452.11"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":206.08974,"y":452.1099}
{"page":88,"change":"none","str":"You didn‟t forget your wallet again, did you?","dir":"ltr","width":"232.64","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","438.31"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.01979999999998,"y":438.30989999999997}
{"page":88,"change":"none","str":"Use a question mark to punctuate statements that are meant to be read as ","dir":"ltr","width":"425.37","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","398.71"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02379999999994,"y":398.70989999999995}
{"page":88,"change":"none","str":"question or to show surprise.","dir":"ltr","width":"168.04","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","384.91"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02379999999994,"y":384.90989999999994}
{"page":88,"change":"none","str":" Adding a question mark changes the meaning of the ","dir":"ltr","width":"283.91","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","240.17","384.91"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":240.16979999999992,"y":384.90989999999994}
{"page":88,"change":"none","str":"sentence. If you want the sentence to be read as a question, then add a questio","dir":"ltr","width":"422.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","371.09"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02379999999994,"y":371.08959999999996}
{"page":88,"change":"none","str":"We are going out at midnight. (statement) ","dir":"ltr","width":"224.19","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","343.49"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01955999999996,"y":343.48959999999994}
{"page":88,"change":"none","str":"We are going out at midnight? (The question mark changes the meaning of th","dir":"ltr","width":"411.22","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","329.69"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01951999999996,"y":329.6895999999999}
{"page":88,"change":"none","str":"sentence. Why are we going out at midnight?) ","dir":"ltr","width":"247.47","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","315.89"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01952,"y":315.8895999999999}
{"page":88,"change":"none","str":"The shoes cost $300? (The question mark changes the meaning of the ","dir":"ltr","width":"379.35","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","288.29"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01944,"y":288.2895999999999}
{"page":88,"change":"none","str":"Use a question mark within parentheses to show doubt or uncertainty. ","dir":"ltr","width":"404.39","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","234.89"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02334,"y":234.8895999999999}
{"page":88,"change":"none","str":"She graduated from college (1996?) after years of studying. ","dir":"ltr","width":"323.55","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","207.29"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01940000000002,"y":207.2895999999999}
{"page":88,"change":"none","str":"He started his job a few years ago (2010?). ","dir":"ltr","width":"236.19","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","193.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01936000000002,"y":193.4598999999999}
{"page":88,"change":"none","str":"The exclamation point expresses strong emotions, excitement, horror, urgency, and ","dir":"ltr","width":"446.72","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","98.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":98.6641}
{"page":88,"change":"none","str":"panic. Use it sparingly to avoid the impression that you are shouting. ","dir":"ltr","width":"365.88","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","84.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":84.86410000000001}
{"page":89,"change":"none","str":"Wow! I won the lottery! ","dir":"ltr","width":"124.81","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","695.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02022000000005,"y":695.1402}
{"page":89,"change":"none","str":"That is amazing! ","dir":"ltr","width":"91.45","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","681.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02018000000005,"y":681.3402000000001}
{"page":89,"change":"none","str":"Hyphens reveal a connection between words. It alerts the reader that these words go ","dir":"ltr","width":"453.89","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","600.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":600.34}
{"page":89,"change":"none","str":"together. The connection can change the meaning of the sentence. ","dir":"ltr","width":"359.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","586.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":586.5396000000001}
{"page":89,"change":"none","str":"The doctors worked twenty-four-hour shifts. (The doctors worked around the ","dir":"ltr","width":"407.54","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","558.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":558.9396}
{"page":89,"change":"none","str":"The doctors worked twenty four-hour shifts. (The doctors worked twenty separate ","dir":"ltr","width":"434.21","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","531.31"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01982,"y":531.3099}
{"page":89,"change":"none","str":"The doctors worked twenty-four hour shifts. (The doctors worked twenty-four ","dir":"ltr","width":"409.03","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","503.71"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01978,"y":503.7102999999999}
{"page":89,"change":"none","str":"Use a hyphen to create compound nouns, verbs, and adjectives. ","dir":"ltr","width":"370.00","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","450.31"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02368,"y":450.3106999999999}
{"page":89,"change":"none","str":"Use a hyphen to create words with the following prefixes: ex, self, or quasi. ","dir":"ltr","width":"432.12","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","300.29"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02341000000004,"y":300.2907999999998}
{"page":89,"change":"none","str":"She has a lot of self-esteem. ","dir":"ltr","width":"158.77","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","258.89"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01943000000007,"y":258.8907999999998}
{"page":89,"change":"none","str":"The ex-president of the company was invited to the meeting. ","dir":"ltr","width":"324.27","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","245.09"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01939000000007,"y":245.09079999999977}
{"page":89,"change":"none","str":"Use a hyphen to write family titles that contain ","dir":"ltr","width":"267.89","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","205.49"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02329000000007,"y":205.49079999999978}
{"page":89,"change":"none","str":". The prefixes ","dir":"ltr","width":"80.69","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","445.51","205.49"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":445.5095100000001,"y":205.49079999999978}
{"page":89,"change":"none","str":", or ","dir":"ltr","width":"21.92","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","124.82","191.66"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":124.8196200000001,"y":191.66109999999978}
{"page":89,"change":"none","str":"are not hyphenated. ","dir":"ltr","width":"117.14","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","183.50","191.66"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":183.49972000000008,"y":191.66109999999978}
{"page":90,"change":"none","str":"Use a hyphen to divide a word over two lines. ","dir":"ltr","width":"262.62","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","708.96"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02416000000005,"y":708.96}
{"page":90,"change":"none","str":"This rule only applies if you are ","dir":"ltr","width":"168.67","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","334.75","708.96"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":334.75016000000005,"y":708.96}
{"page":90,"change":"none","str":"working on a typewriter. Most word processing software will adjust the spacing, and ","dir":"ltr","width":"445.35","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","695.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416000000005,"y":695.1401000000001}
{"page":90,"change":"none","str":"move the word to the next line. ","dir":"ltr","width":"166.58","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","681.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416000000005,"y":681.3401000000001}
{"page":90,"change":"none","str":"Be careful not to confuse dashes and hyphens. They might look very similar, but th","dir":"ltr","width":"438.76","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","607.30"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":607.3}
{"page":90,"change":"none","str":"are different. You can think of them as twins, but even human twins get annoye","dir":"ltr","width":"419.20","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","593.50"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":593.5}
{"page":90,"change":"none","str":"d when ","dir":"ltr","width":"42.05","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","491.26","593.50"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":491.2618,"y":593.5}
{"page":90,"change":"none","str":"you cannot tell them apart. ","dir":"ltr","width":"144.66","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","579.70"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":579.7}
{"page":90,"change":"none","str":"Where is the dash located on the keyboard? The dash is not on a standard keyb","dir":"ltr","width":"425.24","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","552.10"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":552.1}
{"page":90,"change":"none","str":"You form a dash by typing two hyphens with no space between them, no space","dir":"ltr","width":"420.82","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","538.27"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":538.2699}
{"page":90,"change":"none","str":"s before ","dir":"ltr","width":"46.62","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","492.88","538.27"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":492.8798,"y":538.2699}
{"page":90,"change":"none","str":"them, and no spaces after them. Most software will convert the two hyphens to a","dir":"ltr","width":"426.63","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","524.47"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":524.4699}
{"page":90,"change":"none","str":"This dash is also called the em dash. (The dash is the length of the letter m.) If your ","dir":"ltr","width":"445.83","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","510.67"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":510.66990000000004}
{"page":90,"change":"none","str":"software does not convert to the dash, two hyphens working as a dash is acceptable.","dir":"ltr","width":"450.68","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","496.87"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":496.86990000000003}
{"page":90,"change":"none","str":"The dash is used instead of a comma, semicolon, colon, or parentheses in order to ","dir":"ltr","width":"442.66","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","469.27"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02367999999996,"y":469.2699}
{"page":90,"change":"none","str":"show greater emphasis. The dash is more dramatic than the comma or parentheses. ","dir":"ltr","width":"452.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","455.47"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02367999999996,"y":455.4699}
{"page":90,"change":"none","str":"Because the dash is used to show emphasis and drama, do not overuse it. ","dir":"ltr","width":"403.13","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","441.67"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02367999999996,"y":441.6699}
{"page":90,"change":"none","str":"To remember that a dash shows greater emphasis and drama, think of the meaning of ","dir":"ltr","width":"459.93","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","414.07"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02367999999996,"y":414.06989999999996}
{"page":90,"change":"none","str":"the word “dash.” If someone is dashing to class, they are in a big hurry. It is more ","dir":"ltr","width":"432.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","400.27"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":72.02367999999996,"y":400.26989999999995}
{"page":90,"change":"none","str":"dramatic than just walking to class. The dash alerts the reader that the following ","dir":"ltr","width":"425.93","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","386.47"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02367999999996,"y":386.46989999999994}
{"page":90,"change":"none","str":"information is dramatic. ","dir":"ltr","width":"127.29","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","372.67"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02367999999996,"y":372.6698999999999}
{"page":90,"change":"none","str":"Use a dash to set off parenthetical elements and appositives. ","dir":"ltr","width":"351.35","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","333.05"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02367999999997,"y":333.0499999999999}
{"page":90,"change":"none","str":"elements and appositives are set apart from the sentence with commas. Commas are ","dir":"ltr","width":"457.29","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","319.25"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02367999999996,"y":319.2499999999999}
{"page":90,"change":"none","str":"the standard way to set apart parenthetical elements in a sentence. Use dashes o","dir":"ltr","width":"433.39","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","305.45"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02367999999996,"y":305.4499999999999}
{"page":90,"change":"none","str":"parentheses to set apart parenthetical elements that contain internal commas. Be aware ","dir":"ltr","width":"470.48","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","291.65"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02367999999996,"y":291.64999999999986}
{"page":90,"change":"none","str":"that using dashes will emphasize the parenthetical element. Parentheses de-empha","dir":"ltr","width":"444.96","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","277.85"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02367999999996,"y":277.84999999999985}
{"page":90,"change":"none","str":"Sam Jones, Fred Johnson, and Dave Smith","dir":"ltr","width":"231.96","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","196.13","236.45"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":196.12994,"y":236.44999999999982}
{"page":90,"change":"none","str":"received awards at ","dir":"ltr","width":"103.93","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","436.27","236.45"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":436.26986,"y":236.44999999999982}
{"page":90,"change":"none","str":"the conference. (Parenthetical element contains internal commas. Dashes used ","dir":"ltr","width":"425.28","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","222.65"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":222.6499999999998}
{"page":90,"change":"none","str":"cheesecake, macarons, and ice cream","dir":"ltr","width":"205.20","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","196.13","195.02"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":196.13002,"y":195.0198999999998}
{"page":90,"change":"none","str":"were available at the ","dir":"ltr","width":"113.53","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","409.51","195.02"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":409.51032999999995,"y":195.0198999999998}
{"page":90,"change":"none","str":"meeting. (Parenthetical element contains internal commas. Dashes used for ","dir":"ltr","width":"406.04","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","181.22"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02032999999994,"y":181.2198999999998}
{"page":90,"change":"none","str":"If you place parenthetical elements between dashes instead of commas, it empha","dir":"ltr","width":"432.65","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","139.82"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02422999999995,"y":139.8198999999998}
{"page":90,"change":"none","str":"including Sam Jones","dir":"ltr","width":"110.69","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","178.10","98.42"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":178.10040999999993,"y":98.4237999999998}
{"page":90,"change":"none","str":"must take the test again. (Parenthetical ","dir":"ltr","width":"211.51","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","296.81","98.42"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":296.8107199999999,"y":98.4237999999998}
{"page":90,"change":"none","str":"element is emphasized.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"133.45","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","84.62"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.0207199999999,"y":84.6237999999998}
{"page":91,"change":"none","str":"All of the desserts","dir":"ltr","width":"95.46","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","708.96"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02022000000005,"y":708.96}
{"page":91,"change":"none","str":"especially the cheesecake","dir":"ltr","width":"140.00","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","211.49","708.96"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":211.49014000000005,"y":708.96}
{"page":91,"change":"none","str":"were devoured by the students. ","dir":"ltr","width":"170.70","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","359.59","708.96"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":359.5899800000001,"y":708.96}
{"page":91,"change":"none","str":"(Parenthetical element is emphasized.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"210.85","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","695.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01998000000009,"y":695.1401000000001}
{"page":91,"change":"none","str":"Use a dash to show an interruption of thought, an abrupt change of thought, or an ","dir":"ltr","width":"471.18","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","655.54"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02388000000009,"y":655.5397}
{"page":91,"change":"none","str":" This is an abrupt form of punctuation for an afterthought. It is often bett","dir":"ltr","width":"378.07","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","145.94","641.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":145.93988000000007,"y":641.7397000000001}
{"page":91,"change":"none","str":"to rewrite the sentence. ","dir":"ltr","width":"128.02","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","627.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02388000000008,"y":627.9397000000001}
{"page":91,"change":"none","str":"I will call you tomorrow","dir":"ltr","width":"120.63","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","600.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01994000000008,"y":600.3401000000001}
{"page":91,"change":"none","str":"if that is okay with you","dir":"ltr","width":"117.32","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","236.69","600.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":236.68986000000007,"y":600.3401000000001}
{"page":91,"change":"none","str":"of a thought) ","dir":"ltr","width":"74.02","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","586.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02017000000004,"y":586.5397000000002}
{"page":91,"change":"none","str":"Let‟s meet for coffee on Thursday","dir":"ltr","width":"178.63","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","572.74"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.02013000000004,"y":572.7397000000002}
{"page":91,"change":"none","str":"of thought. Rewriting would improve this sentence.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"275.55","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","558.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02025000000003,"y":558.9397000000002}
{"page":91,"change":"none","str":"Use a dash to connect an introductory list with a summarizing statement. ","dir":"ltr","width":"420.81","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","517.51"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02415000000003,"y":517.5100000000002}
{"page":91,"change":"none","str":"If this ","dir":"ltr","width":"32.02","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","493.06","517.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":493.06015,"y":517.5100000000002}
{"page":91,"change":"none","str":"seems awkward, you can rewrite the sentence without the dash. ","dir":"ltr","width":"343.31","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","503.71"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02415000000002,"y":503.7100000000002}
{"page":91,"change":"none","str":"Angry Birds, Words With Friends, Candy Crush","dir":"ltr","width":"250.69","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","464.11"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02021000000002,"y":464.1100000000002}
{"page":91,"change":"none","str":"these are some of the most ","dir":"ltr","width":"148.77","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","366.79","464.11"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":366.79013000000003,"y":464.1100000000002}
{"page":91,"change":"none","str":"popular iPhone games. (with the dash) ","dir":"ltr","width":"208.81","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","450.31"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02013000000005,"y":450.3100000000002}
{"page":91,"change":"none","str":"Angry Birds, Words With Friends, and Candy Crush are some of the most ","dir":"ltr","width":"393.38","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","436.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02009000000005,"y":436.51000000000016}
{"page":91,"change":"none","str":"popular iPhone games. (No dash. Coordinating conjunction added to connect the ","dir":"ltr","width":"432.67","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","422.71"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02009000000005,"y":422.71000000000015}
{"page":91,"change":"none","str":"list to the summary.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"111.37","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","408.91"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02009000000005,"y":408.91000000000014}
{"page":91,"change":"none","str":"Use a dash to attribute a quotation.","dir":"ltr","width":"200.68","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","326.09"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02399000000005,"y":326.0897000000001}
{"page":91,"change":"none","str":" The dash immediately precedes the source of the ","dir":"ltr","width":"269.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","272.81","326.09"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":272.8099900000001,"y":326.0897000000001}
{"page":91,"change":"none","str":"quotation. The dash and source should appear on a separate line and aligned to the","dir":"ltr","width":"445.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","312.29"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02399000000008,"y":312.2897000000001}
{"page":91,"change":"none","str":"Always bear in mind that your own resolution to succeed is more important than ","dir":"ltr","width":"425.76","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","270.89"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02005000000008,"y":270.88970000000006}
{"page":91,"change":"none","str":"any other one thing. ","dir":"ltr","width":"109.45","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","257.09"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02005000000008,"y":257.08970000000005}
{"page":91,"change":"none","str":"Parentheses are always used in pairs to enclose a complete sentence, a word, a ","dir":"ltr","width":"430.65","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","162.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":162.26}
{"page":91,"change":"none","str":"number, or an expression. ","dir":"ltr","width":"142.78","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","148.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":148.45999999999998}
{"page":91,"change":"none","str":"Use parentheses to set apart parenthetical or nonessential sentence elements. ","dir":"ltr","width":"451.61","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","120.86"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":120.85999999999997}
{"page":91,"change":"none","str":"There are three ways to punctuate parenthetical elements. Dashes emphasize the ","dir":"ltr","width":"438.68","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","107.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":107.05999999999997}
{"page":91,"change":"none","str":"nonessential information the most. Parentheses emphasize the nonessential ","dir":"ltr","width":"408.68","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","93.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":93.26389999999998}
{"page":91,"change":"none","str":"information the least. Commas neither emphasize nor de-emphasize the information. ","dir":"ltr","width":"453.00","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","79.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":79.46389999999998}
{"page":92,"change":"none","str":"The advertisement, which appears on page 5, has a major spelling error. (Normal ","dir":"ltr","width":"434.79","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","695.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02022000000005,"y":695.1402}
{"page":92,"change":"none","str":"punctuation of nonessential information. The parenthetical element is not ","dir":"ltr","width":"389.35","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","681.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02022000000005,"y":681.3402000000001}
{"page":92,"change":"none","str":"emphasized or de-emphasized.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"174.85","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","667.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02022000000005,"y":667.5402000000001}
{"page":92,"change":"none","str":"which appears on page 5","dir":"ltr","width":"134.07","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","215.45","653.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":215.45030000000003,"y":653.7402000000002}
{"page":92,"change":"none","str":"has a major spelling error. (Strong ","dir":"ltr","width":"184.79","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","357.55","653.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":357.55030000000005,"y":653.7402000000002}
{"page":92,"change":"none","str":"emphasis placed on the parenthetical information.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"275.55","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","639.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02030000000005,"y":639.9402000000002}
{"page":92,"change":"none","str":"The advertisement (which appears on page 5) has a major spelling error. (Least ","dir":"ltr","width":"426.69","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","626.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02026000000005,"y":626.1406000000002}
{"page":92,"change":"none","str":"emphasis placed on the parenthetical information.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"275.55","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","612.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02026000000005,"y":612.3406000000002}
{"page":92,"change":"none","str":"Use parentheses to enclose numbers in formal documents. ","dir":"ltr","width":"344.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","572.74"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02416000000005,"y":572.7402000000002}
{"page":92,"change":"none","str":"In legal, business, and ","dir":"ltr","width":"122.69","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","416.35","572.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":416.3501600000001,"y":572.7402000000002}
{"page":92,"change":"none","str":"formal documents, numbers usually appear in both word and numeral form. Using the ","dir":"ltr","width":"456.68","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","558.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416000000005,"y":558.9402000000002}
{"page":92,"change":"none","str":"written form of the number and the numeral form should be reserved for formal ","dir":"ltr","width":"420.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","545.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416000000005,"y":545.1406000000002}
{"page":92,"change":"none","str":"Payment is due in thirty (30) days. ","dir":"ltr","width":"188.05","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","503.71"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02022000000004,"y":503.71050000000014}
{"page":92,"change":"none","str":"Use parentheses to enclose numbers or letters that list items in a sentence. ","dir":"ltr","width":"434.03","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","450.31"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02408000000004,"y":450.3105000000001}
{"page":92,"change":"none","str":"numbers to list items that require a specific order. Letters are used for lists that do not ","dir":"ltr","width":"456.70","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","436.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02408000000003,"y":436.5105000000001}
{"page":92,"change":"none","str":"require a specific order. ","dir":"ltr","width":"128.61","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","422.71"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02408000000003,"y":422.7105000000001}
{"page":92,"change":"none","str":"To register for the marathon, (1) log on to our website, (2) select the marathon ","dir":"ltr","width":"417.39","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","395.11"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02014000000003,"y":395.11050000000006}
{"page":92,"change":"none","str":"you want to race, (3) select the form of payment you want to use, (4) enter ","dir":"ltr","width":"396.61","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","381.31"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02014000000003,"y":381.31050000000005}
{"page":92,"change":"none","str":"payment, and (5) click the submit button to complete your purchase. ","dir":"ltr","width":"367.62","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","367.49"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02014000000003,"y":367.4902000000001}
{"page":92,"change":"none","str":"The website offered several tips for marathon training, including (a) wear ","dir":"ltr","width":"388.10","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","353.69"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02010000000003,"y":353.69020000000006}
{"page":92,"change":"none","str":"appropriate running shoes, (b) break in new shoes before the race, ","dir":"ltr","width":"358.11","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","339.89"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02010000000003,"y":339.89020000000005}
{"page":92,"change":"none","str":"incorporate a rest day every week, and (d) stretching is required. ","dir":"ltr","width":"349.62","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","326.09"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.0204,"y":326.09020000000004}
{"page":92,"change":"none","str":"Parentheses and Sentence Punctuation","dir":"ltr","width":"272.32","height":"14.52","transform":["14.52","0.00","0.00","14.52","72.02","279.53"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0243,"y":279.53040000000004}
{"page":92,"change":"none","str":"If the entire sentence is inside parentheses, then the period is also inside the ","dir":"ltr","width":"410.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","265.13"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":265.13}
{"page":92,"change":"none","str":"(Check Canvas for all upcoming due dates.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"236.91","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","223.73"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986000000001,"y":223.72999999999996}
{"page":92,"change":"none","str":"(See page 5 for more information.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"186.85","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","209.93"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01982000000001,"y":209.92999999999995}
{"page":92,"change":"none","str":"If only part of the sentence is enclosed with parentheses, and that section appears a","dir":"ltr","width":"446.57","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","182.30"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02372000000001,"y":182.29999999999995}
{"page":92,"change":"none","str":"the end of the sentence; then the punctuation stays outside of the parentheses. ","dir":"ltr","width":"423.62","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","168.50"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02372000000003,"y":168.49999999999994}
{"page":92,"change":"none","str":"Semicolons, colons, and commas that appear in the sentence stay outside of the","dir":"ltr","width":"427.86","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","154.70"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02372000000003,"y":154.69999999999993}
{"page":92,"change":"none","str":"Sarah will travel to Hawaii next week (June 4). (The period is outside the ","dir":"ltr","width":"390.98","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","113.30"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01978000000004,"y":113.29999999999993}
{"page":93,"change":"none","str":"When we start Spring quarter (April 7), the weather will be warmer. (Comma is ","dir":"ltr","width":"418.73","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","708.96"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02022000000005,"y":708.96}
{"page":93,"change":"none","str":"outside the parentheses) ","dir":"ltr","width":"135.49","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","695.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02022000000005,"y":695.1401000000001}
{"page":93,"change":"none","str":"If a complete sentence appears in parentheses, and the parenthetical sentence is ","dir":"ltr","width":"435.33","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","667.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02412000000005,"y":667.5397}
{"page":93,"change":"none","str":"embedded inside another sentence, do not capitalize the first letter of the","dir":"ltr","width":"386.69","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","653.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02412000000005,"y":653.7397000000001}
{"page":93,"change":"none","str":"sentence. If the sentence in parentheses requires a question mark or an exclamation ","dir":"ltr","width":"452.62","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","639.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02412000000004,"y":639.9397000000001}
{"page":93,"change":"none","str":"point, then the punctuation needs to be inside the parentheses. Periods are","dir":"ltr","width":"399.41","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","626.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02412000000004,"y":626.1397000000002}
{"page":93,"change":"none","str":" never ","dir":"ltr","width":"36.70","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","471.33","626.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":471.33112000000006,"y":626.1397000000002}
{"page":93,"change":"none","str":"added to sentences that are inside parentheses embedded within other sentences. ","dir":"ltr","width":"442.02","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","612.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02412000000004,"y":612.3397000000002}
{"page":93,"change":"none","str":"We tried the new restaurant (have you tried it?) last night. (A question is ","dir":"ltr","width":"384.07","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","584.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02017999999998,"y":584.7393000000002}
{"page":93,"change":"none","str":"embedded within another sentence. Use a question mark inside the parentheses. ","dir":"ltr","width":"434.04","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","570.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02017999999998,"y":570.9393000000002}
{"page":93,"change":"none","str":"Do not capitalize the first letter of the sentence inside parentheses.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"361.62","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","557.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02017999999998,"y":557.1393000000003}
{"page":93,"change":"none","str":" the sock soup (yuck!), and I ordered pizza. (An exclamation is ","dir":"ltr","width":"334.06","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","180.86","543.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":180.86033999999998,"y":543.3393000000003}
{"page":93,"change":"none","str":"embedded within the sentence. Use an exclamation point inside the parentheses. ","dir":"ltr","width":"434.84","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","529.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02013999999998,"y":529.5092000000003}
{"page":93,"change":"none","str":"Do not capitalize the first letter of the sentence inside the parentheses.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"381.66","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","515.71"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02013999999998,"y":515.7092000000004}
{"page":93,"change":"none","str":"After dinner, we went to the beach (we wanted to digest our food before going ","dir":"ltr","width":"416.27","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","501.91"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02009999999999,"y":501.90920000000034}
{"page":93,"change":"none","str":"home) to watch the sunset. (A complete sentence is embedded within the ","dir":"ltr","width":"392.67","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","488.11"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02009999999999,"y":488.1092000000003}
{"page":93,"change":"none","str":"sentence. Do not add a period to this sentence! Do not capitalize the first ","dir":"ltr","width":"389.32","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","474.31"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02009999999999,"y":474.3092000000003}
{"page":93,"change":"none","str":"letter of ","dir":"ltr","width":"43.38","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","497.38","474.31"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":497.3781,"y":474.3092000000003}
{"page":93,"change":"none","str":"the sentence inside the parentheses.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"203.53","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","460.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02010000000001,"y":460.5092000000003}
{"page":93,"change":"none","str":"Quotation marks always appear in pairs. One quotation mark appears at the beginning ","dir":"ltr","width":"461.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","317.45"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":317.45}
{"page":93,"change":"none","str":"and one appears at the end. Quotation marks never appear alone. ","dir":"ltr","width":"354.73","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","303.65"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":303.65}
{"page":93,"change":"none","str":"Use quotation marks to enclose words that are direct quotations. ","dir":"ltr","width":"374.10","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","276.05"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":276.04999999999995}
{"page":93,"change":"none","str":"Quotation marks ","dir":"ltr","width":"91.39","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","446.35","276.05"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":446.3498,"y":276.04999999999995}
{"page":93,"change":"none","str":"imply that these are the exact words spoken. Unless the words are a direct quotation, ","dir":"ltr","width":"455.48","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","262.25"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":262.24999999999994}
{"page":93,"change":"none","str":"do not use quotation marks. ","dir":"ltr","width":"151.31","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","248.45"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":248.44999999999993}
{"page":93,"change":"none","str":"“When you‟re curious, you find lots of interesting things to do,” said Walt Disn","dir":"ltr","width":"408.57","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","220.85"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":220.8499999999999}
{"page":93,"change":"none","str":"Walt Disney said that curiosity and imagination are important. (indirect quotation ","dir":"ltr","width":"427.49","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","193.22"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01982,"y":193.2198999999999}
{"page":93,"change":"none","str":"requires no quotation marks) ","dir":"ltr","width":"156.13","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","179.42"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01982,"y":179.4198999999999}
{"page":93,"change":"none","str":"Use quotation marks to enclose the titles of magazine articles, songs, short ","dir":"ltr","width":"433.94","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","151.82"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02372,"y":151.8198999999999}
{"page":93,"change":"none","str":"stories, television episodes, or a chapter of a larger book. ","dir":"ltr","width":"332.03","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","138.02"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02372,"y":138.0198999999999}
{"page":93,"change":"none","str":"The kids love the song “In Summer” from t","dir":"ltr","width":"224.05","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","110.54"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.01978000000003,"y":110.5397999999999}
{"page":93,"change":"none","str":"he movie ","dir":"ltr","width":"51.98","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","332.23","110.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":332.22978,"y":110.5397999999999}
{"page":93,"change":"none","str":"Dave‟s favorite episode of ","dir":"ltr","width":"141.48","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","96.74"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":96.7440999999999}
{"page":93,"change":"none","str":"was “The Constant.” ","dir":"ltr","width":"111.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","275.57","96.74"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":275.56973,"y":96.7440999999999}
{"page":94,"change":"none","str":"Quotation Marks and Punctuation","dir":"ltr","width":"232.15","height":"14.52","transform":["14.52","0.00","0.00","14.52","72.02","706.66"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02416000000005,"y":706.6600000000001}
{"page":94,"change":"none","str":"Periods and commas are always placed inside the quotation marks","dir":"ltr","width":"382.02","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","692.26"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":692.26}
{"page":94,"change":"none","str":"Mary said, “We need to go to the store.” (period inside the quotation mark)","dir":"ltr","width":"393.45","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","650.86"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.02000000000004,"y":650.86}
{"page":94,"change":"none","str":"Fred said, “Order me a latte,” but Mary accidently ordered him a mocha. (comma ","dir":"ltr","width":"431.43","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","637.06"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.02006000000006,"y":637.0600000000001}
{"page":94,"change":"none","str":"is inside the quotation marks) ","dir":"ltr","width":"159.49","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","623.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02006000000006,"y":623.2600000000001}
{"page":94,"change":"none","str":"Colons and semicolons are always placed outside the quotation marks. ","dir":"ltr","width":"410.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","595.66"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02396000000006,"y":595.6600000000001}
{"page":94,"change":"none","str":"“Order me a latte”; Mary accidently ordered him a mocha. (semicolon ","dir":"ltr","width":"369.32","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","164.78","568.06"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":164.78022000000004,"y":568.0600000000001}
{"page":94,"change":"none","str":"appears outside the quotation marks) ","dir":"ltr","width":"201.61","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","554.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02002000000005,"y":554.2600000000001}
{"page":94,"change":"none","str":"The following characters appeared in the episode “The Constant”: Kate, Jack, ","dir":"ltr","width":"414.69","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","540.46"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.01998000000005,"y":540.4600000000002}
{"page":94,"change":"none","str":"Desmond, and Locke. ","dir":"ltr","width":"120.13","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","526.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01998000000005,"y":526.6299000000001}
{"page":94,"change":"none","str":"Question marks and exclamation point can be placed inside or outside the quotation ","dir":"ltr","width":"448.93","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","487.03"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02388000000005,"y":487.0299000000001}
{"page":94,"change":"none","str":"mark, but it is determined by the sentence. Question marks and exclamation points are ","dir":"ltr","width":"463.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","473.23"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02388000000005,"y":473.2299000000001}
{"page":94,"change":"none","str":"placed inside the quotation mark if they are part of the quotation. If the quotation","dir":"ltr","width":"424.75","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","459.43"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02388000000005,"y":459.4299000000001}
{"page":94,"change":"none","str":" is a ","dir":"ltr","width":"25.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","496.70","459.43"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":496.69888000000003,"y":459.4299000000001}
{"page":94,"change":"none","str":"question, then the question mark is placed inside the quotation mark. If the sentence","dir":"ltr","width":"447.68","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","445.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02388000000002,"y":445.6299000000001}
{"page":94,"change":"none","str":"asks a question, but not the quotation, then the question mark is outside the qu","dir":"ltr","width":"418.63","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","431.83"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02388000000002,"y":431.82990000000007}
{"page":94,"change":"none","str":"Dave asked, “What do you want for dinner?” (The question mark is part of the ","dir":"ltr","width":"414.02","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","390.43"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.01994000000002,"y":390.42990000000003}
{"page":94,"change":"none","str":"quotation. An additional punctuation mark is not needed.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"306.99","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","376.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01994000000002,"y":376.6299}
{"page":94,"change":"none","str":"What do you think she meant when she said, “The fish tank is on fire”? (The","dir":"ltr","width":"401.96","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","362.81"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.01990000000002,"y":362.81}
{"page":94,"change":"none","str":"entire sentence is a question. The quotation is not a question. The question mark ","dir":"ltr","width":"432.61","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","349.01"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.0199,"y":349.01}
{"page":94,"change":"none","str":"is placed outside the quotation mark.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"202.81","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","335.21"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.0199,"y":335.21}
{"page":94,"change":"none","str":"Use italics for the titles of books, magazines, movies, shows, plays, newspapers, ","dir":"ltr","width":"464.78","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","274.97"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":274.97}
{"page":94,"change":"none","str":"and music albums. ","dir":"ltr","width":"111.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","261.17"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":261.17}
{"page":94,"change":"none","str":" published the article about education. (Magazine title is in italics)","dir":"ltr","width":"345.24","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","166.10","233.69"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":166.09996,"y":233.68990000000002}
{"page":94,"change":"none","str":" was a popular television show in the 1990s. (Television show title is in ","dir":"ltr","width":"377.18","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","148.10","219.89"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":148.10012,"y":219.8899}
{"page":94,"change":"none","str":"Use italics for words or phrases used as examples in your sentence. ","dir":"ltr","width":"393.53","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","166.34"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02402000000001,"y":166.34}
{"page":94,"change":"none","str":"you can write about a specific word, without including the meaning of the word in you","dir":"ltr","width":"449.22","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","152.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02402000000001,"y":152.54}
{"page":94,"change":"none","str":"People should know that ","dir":"ltr","width":"133.97","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","125.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02008000000006,"y":125.06029999999998}
{"page":94,"change":"none","str":" is not a real word. (Use italics to refer to ","dir":"ltr","width":"217.99","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","304.85","125.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":304.84988000000004,"y":125.06029999999998}
{"page":94,"change":"none","str":"words in a sentence without using their meaning in a sentence) ","dir":"ltr","width":"338.31","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","111.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01988000000003,"y":111.13999999999999}
{"page":94,"change":"none","str":"Many people confuse the words ","dir":"ltr","width":"172.63","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","97.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01984000000003,"y":97.46419999999999}
{"page":94,"change":"none","str":". (Use italics to refer to words in a ","dir":"ltr","width":"181.31","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","334.99","97.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":334.98971000000006,"y":97.46419999999999}
{"page":94,"change":"none","str":"sentence without using their meaning in the sentence) ","dir":"ltr","width":"290.19","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","83.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01971000000006,"y":83.54429999999999}
{"page":95,"change":"none","str":"Use italics for slang words. ","dir":"ltr","width":"158.79","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","669.34"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02416000000005,"y":669.3403000000001}
{"page":95,"change":"none","str":"Some people prefer to use quotation marks. It is a ","dir":"ltr","width":"268.69","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","230.93","669.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":230.93016000000006,"y":669.3403000000001}
{"page":95,"change":"none","str":"Andy thought the dessert was ","dir":"ltr","width":"161.23","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","628.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02022000000007,"y":628.0602000000001}
{"page":95,"change":"none","str":"Ava‟s soccer goal was ","dir":"ltr","width":"121.93","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","614.26"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.02038000000007,"y":614.2602000000002}
{"page":95,"change":"none","str":"Use brackets to set apart editorial comments within a quotation. ","dir":"ltr","width":"368.67","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","540.07"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":540.07}
{"page":95,"change":"none","str":"inside the brackets can include additional information or corrections. The most common","dir":"ltr","width":"463.26","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","526.27"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":526.2700000000001}
{"page":95,"change":"none","str":"use for brackets is to enclose the word ","dir":"ltr","width":"208.04","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","512.59"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":512.5903000000001}
{"page":95,"change":"none","str":" inside brackets following an error in a ","dir":"ltr","width":"204.68","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","294.89","512.59"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":294.8896,"y":512.5903000000001}
{"page":95,"change":"none","str":"is a Latin word meaning ","dir":"ltr","width":"129.85","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","148.22","498.79"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":148.2197,"y":498.78990000000005}
{"page":95,"change":"none","str":" or ","dir":"ltr","width":"17.29","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","300.89","498.79"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":300.8894,"y":498.78990000000005}
{"page":95,"change":"none","str":". By putting the word ","dir":"ltr","width":"112.64","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","330.91","498.79"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":330.90970000000004,"y":498.78990000000005}
{"page":95,"change":"none","str":" in brackets, it ","dir":"ltr","width":"77.33","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","458.38","498.79"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":458.37962000000005,"y":498.78990000000005}
{"page":95,"change":"none","str":"acknowledges that there is an error in the quotation, but the quotation is exactly how","dir":"ltr","width":"446.95","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","484.87"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02362000000005,"y":484.87000000000006}
{"page":95,"change":"none","str":" the ","dir":"ltr","width":"23.46","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","518.83","484.87"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":518.82862,"y":484.87000000000006}
{"page":95,"change":"none","str":"speaker said it. ","dir":"ltr","width":"84.04","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","471.07"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02362,"y":471.07000000000005}
{"page":95,"change":"none","str":"He said, “I want to go too [sic] the store!” ","dir":"ltr","width":"218.82","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","443.47"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.01968000000001,"y":443.47}
{"page":95,"change":"none","str":"The coach wrote the article “We can‟t loose [sic] the game” for the local ","dir":"ltr","width":"380.72","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","429.67"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.01974000000001,"y":429.67}
{"page":95,"change":"none","str":"“Your vacation package price [$3,960] also includes all meals and beverages.”","dir":"ltr","width":"415.23","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","402.07"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.01970000000001,"y":402.07}
{"page":95,"change":"none","str":"Use an apostrophe to form possessive nouns. ","dir":"ltr","width":"266.61","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","327.89"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":327.89}
{"page":95,"change":"none","str":"Apostrophes show ownership or ","dir":"ltr","width":"174.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","338.83","327.89"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":338.8298,"y":327.89}
{"page":95,"change":"none","str":"origin. Apostrophes never make a noun plural. ","dir":"ltr","width":"248.63","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","314.09"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":314.09}
{"page":95,"change":"none","str":" to Fred) ","dir":"ltr","width":"48.72","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","313.49","286.49"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":313.48986,"y":286.48999999999995}
{"page":95,"change":"none","str":"Ava‟s toys (the toys belonging to Ava)","dir":"ltr","width":"200.64","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","272.69"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.01992000000001,"y":272.68999999999994}
{"page":95,"change":"none","str":"The Joneses‟ house (the house belonging to the Jones family)","dir":"ltr","width":"329.85","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","258.89"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.01998000000003,"y":258.88999999999993}
{"page":95,"change":"none","str":"Use an apostrophe to form contractions. ","dir":"ltr","width":"234.72","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","219.29"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02398000000005,"y":219.28999999999994}
{"page":95,"change":"none","str":"Contractions are shortened words that ","dir":"ltr","width":"206.55","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","306.89","219.29"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":306.88998000000004,"y":219.28999999999994}
{"page":95,"change":"none","str":"formed by joining two words. An apostrophe takes the place of the missing letters.","dir":"ltr","width":"434.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","205.49"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02398000000002,"y":205.48999999999992}
{"page":95,"change":"none","str":"Can‟t (contraction of ","dir":"ltr","width":"110.78","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","177.98"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.02000000000004,"y":177.9801999999999}
{"page":95,"change":"none","str":"Won‟t (contraction of ","dir":"ltr","width":"113.44","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","164.18"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.02006000000003,"y":164.1801999999999}
{"page":95,"change":"none","str":"Could‟ve (contraction of ","dir":"ltr","width":"129.50","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","150.38"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.02002000000007,"y":150.3801999999999}
{"page":95,"change":"none","str":"It‟s (contraction of ","dir":"ltr","width":"98.06","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","136.58"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.02028000000007,"y":136.58019999999988}
{"page":95,"change":"none","str":"it is ","dir":"ltr","width":"21.34","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","206.21","136.58"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":206.21048000000008,"y":136.58019999999988}
{"page":95,"change":"none","str":"Use an apostrophe in place of omitted letters or numbers. ","dir":"ltr","width":"332.69","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","96.86"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02408000000011,"y":96.86419999999988}
{"page":96,"change":"none","str":"Class of „14 (class of ","dir":"ltr","width":"114.02","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","695.14"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.02018000000005,"y":695.1401000000001}
{"page":96,"change":"none","str":"Use an apostrophe as the symbol for feet in measurement. ","dir":"ltr","width":"337.45","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","655.54"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02418000000009,"y":655.5397}
{"page":96,"change":"none","str":"The quotation mark is ","dir":"ltr","width":"118.72","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","409.63","655.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":409.6301800000001,"y":655.5397}
{"page":96,"change":"none","str":"used as the symbol for inches. ","dir":"ltr","width":"165.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","641.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02418000000011,"y":641.7397000000001}
{"page":96,"change":"none","str":"The room is 15‟ x 25‟. (15 feet by 25 feet)","dir":"ltr","width":"218.70","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","614.14"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.02024000000011,"y":614.1401000000001}
{"page":96,"change":"none","str":"Capitalization makes a big difference in the meaning of your sentence. It is the ","dir":"ltr","width":"418.69","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","274.01"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":274.0102}
{"page":96,"change":"none","str":"difference between living in the white house and living in the White House. There are a ","dir":"ltr","width":"462.67","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","260.21"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":260.2102}
{"page":96,"change":"none","str":"lot of capitalization rules. The trick is to be aware that there are a lot of rules and know ","dir":"ltr","width":"460.35","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","246.41"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":246.41019999999997}
{"page":96,"change":"none","str":"when reference a dictionary or style guide. ","dir":"ltr","width":"228.60","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","232.61"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":232.61019999999996}
{"page":96,"change":"none","str":"Do not capitalize words to emphasize them. It is not grammatically correct, and there ","dir":"ltr","width":"451.99","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","205.01"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02380000000002,"y":205.01019999999994}
{"page":96,"change":"none","str":"are better ways to emphasize your point. In addition, do not type documents in all ","dir":"ltr","width":"433.90","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","191.18"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02380000000002,"y":191.18009999999995}
{"page":96,"change":"none","str":"capital letters. Writing in all capitals gives the impression that the writer is shouting. It is ","dir":"ltr","width":"464.78","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","177.38"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02380000000002,"y":177.38009999999994}
{"page":96,"change":"none","str":"When capitalizing nouns, only capitalize the first letter of the word. It is correct to write ","dir":"ltr","width":"457.82","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","135.98"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02380000000004,"y":135.98009999999994}
{"page":96,"change":"none","str":" and incorrect to write ","dir":"ltr","width":"117.85","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","135.50","122.30"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":135.50000000000003,"y":122.29999999999994}
{"page":96,"change":"none","str":". Only the first letter should be ","dir":"ltr","width":"162.67","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","336.19","122.30"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":336.19,"y":122.29999999999994}
{"page":96,"change":"none","str":"capitalized. Abbreviations are exceptions to this rule. ","dir":"ltr","width":"282.72","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","108.38"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.024,"y":108.38009999999994}
{"page":97,"change":"none","str":"Capitalize the first letter of the first word in a sentence.","dir":"ltr","width":"312.75","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","708.96"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02416000000005,"y":708.96}
{"page":97,"change":"none","str":" If your sentence begins with ","dir":"ltr","width":"155.24","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","384.91","708.96"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":384.9101600000001,"y":708.96}
{"page":97,"change":"none","str":"a company name that is not capitalized, it is better to rewrite your sentence. ","dir":"ltr","width":"404.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","695.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02416000000005,"y":695.1401000000001}
{"page":97,"change":"none","str":"The Apple iPhone is a very popular smartphone. ","dir":"ltr","width":"263.55","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","667.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02022000000005,"y":667.5397}
{"page":97,"change":"none","str":"iPhones are very popular smartphones. (Technically correct, but it looks so ","dir":"ltr","width":"399.99","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","653.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02018000000005,"y":653.7397000000001}
{"page":97,"change":"none","str":"awkward that it is better to rewrite it.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"198.73","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","639.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02018000000005,"y":639.9397000000001}
{"page":97,"change":"none","str":"Capitalize the pronoun ","dir":"ltr","width":"132.70","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","600.46"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02408000000005,"y":600.4600000000002}
{"page":97,"change":"none","str":" It is never correct to use the pronoun ","dir":"ltr","width":"202.02","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","214.85","600.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":214.85016000000007,"y":600.4600000000002}
{"page":97,"change":"none","str":" as a lowercase letter. ","dir":"ltr","width":"119.90","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","420.43","600.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":420.4303200000001,"y":600.4600000000002}
{"page":97,"change":"none","str":"If I were you, I would turn in the writing assignment on time. ","dir":"ltr","width":"322.23","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","572.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02038000000016,"y":572.7397000000001}
{"page":97,"change":"none","str":"Dave and I enjoy drinking coffee. ","dir":"ltr","width":"178.09","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","558.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02034000000016,"y":558.9397000000001}
{"page":97,"change":"none","str":" Proper nouns name specific people, places, or things. ","dir":"ltr","width":"291.92","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","212.09","519.31"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":212.09024000000016,"y":519.3100000000002}
{"page":97,"change":"none","str":"People‟s names are always capitalized. Company names","dir":"ltr","width":"303.45","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","505.51"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":72.02424000000016,"y":505.51000000000016}
{"page":97,"change":"none","str":", product names, and ","dir":"ltr","width":"115.92","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","375.79","505.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":375.79024000000015,"y":505.51000000000016}
{"page":97,"change":"none","str":"nicknames are all capitalized. Historical events are always capitalized. Specific ","dir":"ltr","width":"420.74","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","491.71"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02424000000013,"y":491.71000000000015}
{"page":97,"change":"none","str":"academic courses are capitalized, but the general subject is only capitalized if it ","dir":"ltr","width":"424.66","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","477.91"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02424000000013,"y":477.91000000000014}
{"page":97,"change":"none","str":"contains a proper noun. If the noun names something very specific, then it must be","dir":"ltr","width":"439.03","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","464.11"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02424000000013,"y":464.1100000000001}
{"page":97,"change":"none","str":": Edmonds Community College, Eastern Washington University, ","dir":"ltr","width":"342.31","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","195.53","422.71"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":195.53050000000013,"y":422.7100000000001}
{"page":97,"change":"none","str":"and Cascadia Community College are all capitalized because they name specific ","dir":"ltr","width":"432.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","408.91"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02030000000013,"y":408.9100000000001}
{"page":97,"change":"none","str":": World War I, World War II, and the Great Depression ","dir":"ltr","width":"290.91","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","204.05","367.49"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":204.05042000000014,"y":367.4897000000001}
{"page":97,"change":"none","str":": PowerPoint, Excel, and Word ","dir":"ltr","width":"169.32","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","208.85","353.69"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":208.85048000000015,"y":353.6897000000001}
{"page":97,"change":"none","str":": Accounting 101, English 102, and History 205. The ","dir":"ltr","width":"279.95","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","261.65","339.89"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":261.65054000000015,"y":339.88970000000006}
{"page":97,"change":"none","str":"general subjects of accounting, English, and history are not capitalized unless ","dir":"ltr","width":"415.69","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","326.09"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02054000000015,"y":326.08970000000005}
{"page":97,"change":"none","str":"the subject contains a proper noun like English. ","dir":"ltr","width":"258.15","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","312.29"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02054000000015,"y":312.28970000000004}
{"page":97,"change":"none","str":"The names of specific cities, counties, states, ","dir":"ltr","width":"244.09","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","258.77","272.69"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":258.7704400000002,"y":272.6897}
{"page":97,"change":"none","str":"countries, continents, lakes, rivers, oceans, and mountains are capitalized. The word ","dir":"ltr","width":"451.97","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","258.89"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02444000000017,"y":258.8897}
{"page":97,"change":"none","str":"is only capitalized if it is included in the official name of the city. Salt Lake City ","dir":"ltr","width":"414.67","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","93.38","245.21"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":93.38464000000016,"y":245.21}
{"page":97,"change":"none","str":"includes the word ","dir":"ltr","width":"96.73","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","231.41"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02444000000017,"y":231.41}
{"page":97,"change":"none","str":"in its official name, so it is capitalized. ","dir":"ltr","width":"202.59","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","190.22","231.41"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":190.22054000000017,"y":231.41}
{"page":97,"change":"none","str":": Lake Washington, Lake Erie, and Lake Tahoe ","dir":"ltr","width":"256.83","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","278.21","203.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":278.21060000000017,"y":203.66}
{"page":97,"change":"none","str":": France, Canada, Spain, and Italy ","dir":"ltr","width":"185.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","211.49","189.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":211.49066000000016,"y":189.85999999999999}
{"page":97,"change":"none","str":": North America, South America, Africa, and Asia ","dir":"ltr","width":"262.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","218.21","176.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":218.21072000000015,"y":176.05999999999997}
{"page":97,"change":"none","str":"Capitalize the name of specific celestial bodies.","dir":"ltr","width":"270.78","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","136.46"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02472000000014,"y":136.45999999999998}
{"page":97,"change":"none","str":" Do not capitalize sun or moon. ","dir":"ltr","width":"168.56","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","343.03","136.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":343.0307200000001,"y":136.45999999999998}
{"page":97,"change":"none","str":"Many planets have suns and moons, so these are common nouns. Earth is sometimes ","dir":"ltr","width":"461.96","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","122.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02472000000012,"y":122.65999999999998}
{"page":97,"change":"none","str":"capitalized and sometimes lowercased. When it shows up in a list of other planets, ","dir":"ltr","width":"440.09","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","108.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02472000000012,"y":108.85999999999999}
{"page":97,"change":"none","str":"Earth is capitalized. If it refers to space, Earth is capitalized. If the meaning refers to ","dir":"ltr","width":"446.73","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","95.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02472000000012,"y":95.06389999999999}
{"page":97,"change":"none","str":"something other than space travel or our specific planet, then it is lowercase. ","dir":"ltr","width":"409.81","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","81.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02472000000012,"y":81.26389999999999}
{"page":98,"change":"none","str":"Jupiter, Mars, Venus, and Earth are all planets in the solar system. ","dir":"ltr","width":"360.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","695.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02022000000005,"y":695.1402}
{"page":98,"change":"none","str":"Why on earth did you do that? ","dir":"ltr","width":"166.81","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","681.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02018000000005,"y":681.3402000000001}
{"page":98,"change":"none","str":"The beauty queen wished for peace on earth. ","dir":"ltr","width":"248.19","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","667.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02014000000005,"y":667.5398000000001}
{"page":98,"change":"none","str":"Capitalize days, months, and holidays. ","dir":"ltr","width":"223.26","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","627.94"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02404000000006,"y":627.9398000000001}
{"page":98,"change":"none","str":"Seasons are lowercase unless they are ","dir":"ltr","width":"212.67","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","295.49","627.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":295.4900400000001,"y":627.9398000000001}
{"page":98,"change":"none","str":"included in a proper noun. Seasons that are combined with a year are considered ","dir":"ltr","width":"435.47","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","614.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02404000000007,"y":614.1402}
{"page":98,"change":"none","str":"proper nouns because it refers to a specific season.","dir":"ltr","width":"274.78","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","600.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02404000000007,"y":600.3402000000001}
{"page":98,"change":"none","str":"Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday are all capitalized because ","dir":"ltr","width":"393.43","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","572.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02010000000007,"y":572.7398000000001}
{"page":98,"change":"none","str":"name specific days. ","dir":"ltr","width":"112.09","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","558.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02010000000007,"y":558.9398000000001}
{"page":98,"change":"none","str":" is not capitalized because it is a common ","dir":"ltr","width":"224.90","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","297.29","545.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":297.2898600000001,"y":545.2601000000001}
{"page":98,"change":"none","str":"The Fall 2014 course catalog will be available soon. (","dir":"ltr","width":"282.03","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","517.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01982000000008,"y":517.63}
{"page":98,"change":"none","str":"is capitalized because it ","dir":"ltr","width":"130.04","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","412.99","517.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":412.98952000000014,"y":517.63}
{"page":98,"change":"none","str":"is combined with the year to form a proper noun.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"264.87","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","503.71"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01952000000011,"y":503.7101}
{"page":98,"change":"none","str":"Capitalize the first word and all main words naming specific newspapers, ","dir":"ltr","width":"419.96","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","464.11"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02342000000012,"y":464.1101}
{"page":98,"change":"none","str":"journals, books, and articles. ","dir":"ltr","width":"168.78","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","450.43"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02342000000012,"y":450.43}
{"page":98,"change":"none","str":"Do not capitalize the conjunctions ","dir":"ltr","width":"181.86","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","240.89","450.43"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":240.88942000000014,"y":450.43}
{"page":98,"change":"none","str":", and articles","dir":"ltr","width":"68.09","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","195.41","436.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":195.40962000000013,"y":436.63}
{"page":98,"change":"none","str":" (a, an, the)","dir":"ltr","width":"61.31","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","263.57","436.63"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":263.56942000000015,"y":436.63}
{"page":98,"change":"none","str":" unless they are the first word in the title. ","dir":"ltr","width":"217.94","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","324.91","436.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":324.90962000000013,"y":436.63}
{"page":98,"change":"none","str":"Grammar Girl Presents the Ultimate Writing Guide for Students","dir":"ltr","width":"334.68","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","409.03"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":108.01968000000005,"y":409.03000000000003}
{"page":98,"change":"none","str":" is a great ","dir":"ltr","width":"55.86","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","442.99","409.03"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":442.9896800000001,"y":409.03000000000003}
{"page":98,"change":"none","str":"Capital in the Twenty-First Century","dir":"ltr","width":"184.83","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","381.43"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":108.01964000000005,"y":381.43000000000006}
{"page":98,"change":"none","str":" is currently on top of the ","dir":"ltr","width":"134.61","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","292.85","381.43"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":292.8496400000001,"y":381.43000000000006}
{"page":98,"change":"none","str":"New York Times","dir":"ltr","width":"87.68","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","427.63","381.43"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":427.6296400000001,"y":381.43000000000006}
{"page":98,"change":"none","str":"best seller list, but it is not a book about capital letters.","dir":"ltr","width":"287.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","367.49"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.0196400000001,"y":367.48980000000006}
{"page":98,"change":"none","str":"Capitalize formal titles (political, professional, military, nobility) that appear ","dir":"ltr","width":"431.95","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","327.89"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02364000000011,"y":327.88980000000004}
{"page":98,"change":"none","str":"Formal titles that ","dir":"ltr","width":"92.02","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","216.17","314.09"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":216.1696400000001,"y":314.0898}
{"page":98,"change":"none","str":"appear after someone‟s name are not ","dir":"ltr","width":"203.29","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","308.21","314.09"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":308.2098400000001,"y":314.0898}
{"page":98,"change":"none","str":"capitalized. The titles Mr., Mrs., Miss, and Dr. are capitalized when they appear before ","dir":"ltr","width":"460.04","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","300.29"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02384000000009,"y":300.2898}
{"page":98,"change":"none","str":"someone‟s name. If the title appears before the person‟s name, then it is part of the","dir":"ltr","width":"441.44","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","286.49"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":72.02384000000009,"y":286.4898}
{"page":98,"change":"none","str":"official title. If the title appears after their name, it is only describing their role, and ","dir":"ltr","width":"433.62","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","272.69"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02384000000006,"y":272.6898}
{"page":98,"change":"none","str":"should not be capitalized. It is correct to say that Queen Elizabeth is a queen","dir":"ltr","width":"406.60","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","258.89"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02384000000006,"y":258.8898}
{"page":98,"change":"none","str":". Her title is ","dir":"ltr","width":"63.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","478.66","258.89"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":478.66184000000004,"y":258.8898}
{"page":98,"change":"none","str":"capitalized because it appears before her name and is part of her official title. ","dir":"ltr","width":"412.02","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","245.09"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02384000000006,"y":245.08979999999997}
{"page":98,"change":"none","str":" is lower case because it is only describing her role. The distinction is ","dir":"ltr","width":"369.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","147.50","231.41"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":147.50004000000007,"y":231.41009999999997}
{"page":98,"change":"none","str":"whether the title is part of their official name or if it is a common reference to the","dir":"ltr","width":"422.83","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","217.49"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02384000000006,"y":217.48979999999997}
{"page":98,"change":"none","str":"In October President Obama invited several former presidents to the White ","dir":"ltr","width":"400.08","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","176.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01990000000005,"y":176.06009999999998}
{"page":98,"change":"none","str":"The conference had many impressive speakers, including Dr. Smith and ","dir":"ltr","width":"386.12","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","148.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986000000005,"y":148.46009999999995}
{"page":98,"change":"none","str":"Prince William and Prince Harry are princes. ","dir":"ltr","width":"242.19","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","120.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01982000000005,"y":120.86009999999995}
{"page":99,"change":"none","str":"Capitalize family titles only if they precede the person’s name or are substituting ","dir":"ltr","width":"462.57","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","708.96"],"fontName":"BCKRYX+Arial,Bold","x":72.02389999999997,"y":708.96}
{"page":99,"change":"none","str":"for a person’s name","dir":"ltr","width":"114.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","695.14"],"fontName":"BCKRYX+Arial,Bold","x":72.02389999999997,"y":695.1401000000001}
{"page":99,"change":"none","str":". Aunt Sarah and Uncle Al are both capitalized because the title ","dir":"ltr","width":"339.27","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","186.14","695.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":186.13989999999995,"y":695.1401000000001}
{"page":99,"change":"none","str":"precedes their names. A broad reference to aunts, uncles, and cousins is not ","dir":"ltr","width":"411.24","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","681.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02389999999995,"y":681.3401000000001}
{"page":99,"change":"none","str":"capitalized because it does not refer to a specific person. If the family title is precede","dir":"ltr","width":"447.42","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","667.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02389999999995,"y":667.5397000000002}
{"page":99,"change":"none","str":"by a modifier, such as a possessive pronoun (my, his, her, our), then the family","dir":"ltr","width":"418.80","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","653.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02389999999997,"y":653.7397000000002}
{"page":99,"change":"none","str":" title is ","dir":"ltr","width":"37.42","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","490.70","653.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":490.70289999999994,"y":653.7397000000002}
{"page":99,"change":"none","str":"She is a mother now. (","dir":"ltr","width":"119.91","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","612.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01995999999995,"y":612.4600000000003}
{"page":99,"change":"none","str":" is not capitalized because it refers to a generalized ","dir":"ltr","width":"275.87","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","265.61","612.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":265.61015999999995,"y":612.4600000000003}
{"page":99,"change":"none","str":"Say hello to Dad for me. (","dir":"ltr","width":"135.98","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","584.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02011999999995,"y":584.8600000000002}
{"page":99,"change":"none","str":"is capitalized because this is his name in this ","dir":"ltr","width":"241.25","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","269.57","584.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":269.56991999999997,"y":584.8600000000002}
{"page":99,"change":"none","str":"Aunt Sarah and Uncle Al were invited to the party. (The titles precede their ","dir":"ltr","width":"397.89","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","557.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01987999999996,"y":557.1401000000002}
{"page":99,"change":"none","str":"Her aunt and uncle were invited to the party. (The family titles are preceded by ","dir":"ltr","width":"419.37","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","529.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01983999999996,"y":529.5096000000002}
{"page":99,"change":"none","str":"Andy has eight cousins. (","dir":"ltr","width":"133.94","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","502.03"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01979999999996,"y":502.02910000000026}
{"page":99,"change":"none","str":"is not capitalized because it is a general ","dir":"ltr","width":"215.45","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","288.89","502.03"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":288.8898,"y":502.02910000000026}
{"page":99,"change":"none","str":"reference and not part of someone‟s name.)","dir":"ltr","width":"233.46","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","488.11"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.01979999999998,"y":488.10920000000027}
{"page":99,"change":"none","str":"Capitalize specific religions and nationalities. ","dir":"ltr","width":"261.99","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","448.51"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":448.50920000000025}
{"page":99,"change":"none","str":": American, French, British, Korean, Japanese, and Russian. ","dir":"ltr","width":"325.62","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","179.42","407.11"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":179.41982000000002,"y":407.1092000000002}
{"page":99,"change":"none","str":"Capitalize direction names if they are referring to a specific location","dir":"ltr","width":"386.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","367.49"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02382000000001,"y":367.4888000000002}
{"page":99,"change":"none","str":". Do not ","dir":"ltr","width":"45.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","458.26","367.49"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":458.25982,"y":367.4888000000002}
{"page":99,"change":"none","str":"capitalize compass directions if they are used to describe a direction.","dir":"ltr","width":"365.31","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","353.69"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02382,"y":353.6888000000002}
{"page":99,"change":"none","str":"Specific regions that include direction names","dir":"ltr","width":"258.70","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","326.09"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":108.01988,"y":326.08880000000016}
{"page":99,"change":"none","str":": the Middle East, the East ","dir":"ltr","width":"143.35","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","366.91","326.09"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":366.90988,"y":326.08880000000016}
{"page":99,"change":"none","str":"Coast, the Northern Hemisphere, Western Washington, and the South. ","dir":"ltr","width":"379.02","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","312.29"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01988,"y":312.28880000000015}
{"page":99,"change":"none","str":"north, and walk west. ","dir":"ltr","width":"119.41","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","284.69"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01983999999999,"y":284.6888000000001}
{"page":99,"change":"none","str":"Capitalize the main words naming specific departments, bureaus, divisions, ","dir":"ltr","width":"435.19","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","245.09"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02373999999999,"y":245.08880000000013}
{"page":99,"change":"none","str":"agencies, and committees.","dir":"ltr","width":"152.75","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","231.29"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02373999999999,"y":231.28880000000012}
{"page":99,"change":"none","str":" If the noun refers to a general committee or agency, then it ","dir":"ltr","width":"318.07","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","224.93","231.29"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":224.92973999999998,"y":231.28880000000012}
{"page":99,"change":"none","str":"is not capitalized. ","dir":"ltr","width":"95.37","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","217.49"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02373999999998,"y":217.4888000000001}
{"page":99,"change":"none","str":"Mary is involved in many committees. (General reference to many committees.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"424.86","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","189.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01979999999996,"y":189.8592000000001}
{"page":99,"change":"none","str":"Fred called the Customer Service Department. (Refers to a specific department) ","dir":"ltr","width":"428.34","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","176.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01975999999996,"y":176.0592000000001}
{"page":99,"change":"none","str":"The Bureau of Engraving and Printing is a division of the United States ","dir":"ltr","width":"378.26","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","162.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01971999999996,"y":162.25920000000008}
{"page":99,"change":"none","str":"Department of the Treasury. (Refers to a specific bureau and department) ","dir":"ltr","width":"394.98","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","148.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01971999999996,"y":148.45920000000007}
{"page":99,"change":"none","str":"The Accounting Department handles payroll. (Refers to a specific department) ","dir":"ltr","width":"417.66","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","134.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01967999999997,"y":134.65920000000006}
{"page":99,"change":"none","str":"Microsoft‟s Xbox Division is very profitable. (Refers to a specific division","dir":"ltr","width":"379.86","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","120.86"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.01963999999997,"y":120.85920000000006}
{"page":100,"change":"none","str":"Capitalize the first word in a quotation. ","dir":"ltr","width":"224.06","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","708.96"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02389999999997,"y":708.96}
{"page":100,"change":"none","str":"The instructor said, “Turn in your writing assignments.”","dir":"ltr","width":"289.38","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","681.34"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.01995999999994,"y":681.3401}
{"page":100,"change":"none","str":"Dave said, “Do not forget to buy coffee at the store.”","dir":"ltr","width":"276.05","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","667.54"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.02001999999999,"y":667.5397}
{"page":100,"change":"none","str":"Capitalize the first word of each item in a vertical list. ","dir":"ltr","width":"305.31","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","627.94"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02402000000001,"y":627.9397}
{"page":100,"change":"none","str":"The instructor covered the following topics in class today: ","dir":"ltr","width":"306.75","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","600.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02425,"y":600.3401}
{"page":100,"change":"none","str":"Capitalize the names of specific amendments, bills, laws, and treaties. ","dir":"ltr","width":"402.57","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","505.51"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02409,"y":505.5101000000001}
{"page":100,"change":"none","str":"The Treaty of Versailles was signed in 1919 and ended WWI. ","dir":"ltr","width":"332.19","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","477.91"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02015,"y":477.91010000000006}
{"page":100,"change":"none","str":"The Bill of Rights is the collective name of the first ten amendments to the U.S","dir":"ltr","width":"413.96","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","464.11"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02011,"y":464.11010000000005}
{"page":100,"change":"none","str":"The Seventh Amendment guarantees jury trials in cases involving more than ","dir":"ltr","width":"408.72","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","436.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02006999999999,"y":436.5101}
{"page":100,"change":"none","str":"The Affordable Care Act received a lot of coverage in the media. ","dir":"ltr","width":"348.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","408.91"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02002999999999,"y":408.9101}
{"page":100,"change":"none","str":"ey need to work out a peace treaty. (Not capitalized because this is a general ","dir":"ltr","width":"412.68","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","122.06","395.11"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":122.06018999999999,"y":395.1101}
{"page":100,"change":"none","str":"reference to a treaty and does not name a specific treaty) ","dir":"ltr","width":"307.47","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","381.31"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01998999999999,"y":381.3101}
{"page":100,"change":"none","str":"Quick List of Capitalization Rules","dir":"ltr","width":"229.62","height":"14.52","transform":["14.52","0.00","0.00","14.52","72.02","318.05"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02389,"y":318.0499}
{"page":100,"change":"none","str":"1. Capitalize the first letter of the first word in a sentence. ","dir":"ltr","width":"402.15","height":"14.52","transform":["14.52","0.00","0.00","14.52","72.02","301.37"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":301.37}
{"page":100,"change":"none","str":"2. Capitalize the pronoun ","dir":"ltr","width":"176.55","height":"14.52","transform":["14.52","0.00","0.00","14.52","72.02","270.89"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":270.8899}
{"page":100,"change":"none","str":"6. Capitalize days, months, and holidays. ","dir":"ltr","width":"290.04","height":"14.52","transform":["14.52","0.00","0.00","14.52","72.02","149.06"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02402999999998,"y":149.05990000000003}
{"page":100,"change":"none","str":"7. Capitalize the names of specific newspapers, journals, books, ","dir":"ltr","width":"446.50","height":"14.52","transform":["14.52","0.00","0.00","14.52","72.02","118.58"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02402999999998,"y":118.57980000000002}
{"page":101,"change":"none","str":"that appear before someone’s name. ","dir":"ltr","width":"256.26","height":"14.52","transform":["14.52","0.00","0.00","14.52","72.02","689.98"],"fontName":"BCKRYX+Arial,Bold","x":72.02389999999997,"y":689.9799}
{"page":101,"change":"none","str":"If the title appears after the ","dir":"ltr","width":"176.45","height":"14.52","transform":["14.52","0.00","0.00","14.52","328.39","689.98"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":328.38989999999995,"y":689.9799}
{"page":101,"change":"none","str":"name, it is not capitalized. ","dir":"ltr","width":"170.98","height":"14.52","transform":["14.52","0.00","0.00","14.52","72.02","673.30"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02389999999997,"y":673.2998}
{"page":101,"change":"none","str":"pitalize family titles only if they precede a person’s name or ","dir":"ltr","width":"414.18","height":"14.52","transform":["14.52","0.00","0.00","14.52","106.70","642.82"],"fontName":"BCKRYX+Arial,Bold","x":106.70009999999996,"y":642.8197}
{"page":101,"change":"none","str":"when they are substituting for a person’s name. ","dir":"ltr","width":"333.44","height":"14.52","transform":["14.52","0.00","0.00","14.52","72.02","626.14"],"fontName":"BCKRYX+Arial,Bold","x":72.02389999999997,"y":626.14}
{"page":101,"change":"none","str":"10. Capitalize specific religions and nationalities. ","dir":"ltr","width":"345.00","height":"14.52","transform":["14.52","0.00","0.00","14.52","72.02","595.66"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02389999999997,"y":595.6595}
{"page":101,"change":"none","str":"11. Capitalize direction names if they are referring to a specific ","dir":"ltr","width":"435.24","height":"14.52","transform":["14.52","0.00","0.00","14.52","72.02","565.18"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02389999999997,"y":565.1794}
{"page":101,"change":"none","str":"12. Capitalize the main words naming specific departments, ","dir":"ltr","width":"414.92","height":"14.52","transform":["14.52","0.00","0.00","14.52","72.02","517.99"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02389999999997,"y":517.9892}
{"page":101,"change":"none","str":"divisions, agencies and committees. ","dir":"ltr","width":"259.56","height":"14.52","transform":["14.52","0.00","0.00","14.52","72.02","501.43"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02389999999997,"y":501.4294}
{"page":101,"change":"none","str":"13. Capitalize the first word in a quotation. ","dir":"ltr","width":"294.84","height":"14.52","transform":["14.52","0.00","0.00","14.52","72.02","470.95"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02389999999997,"y":470.9493}
{"page":101,"change":"none","str":"14. Capitalize the first word of each item in a vertical list. ","dir":"ltr","width":"397.35","height":"14.52","transform":["14.52","0.00","0.00","14.52","72.02","440.47"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02389999999997,"y":440.4692}
{"page":101,"change":"none","str":"15. Capitalize the names of specific amendments, bills, laws, and ","dir":"ltr","width":"451.37","height":"14.52","transform":["14.52","0.00","0.00","14.52","72.02","409.99"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02389999999997,"y":409.9891}
{"page":101,"change":"none","str":"Why are there numbers in a grammar book? Writing numbers correctly in a sentence is ","dir":"ltr","width":"464.74","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","244.49"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":244.48979999999997}
{"page":101,"change":"none","str":"a grammar issue and not a math issue. ","dir":"ltr","width":"210.77","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","230.69"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":230.68979999999996}
{"page":101,"change":"none","str":"When writing numbers as figures, use a comma to separate groups of three ","dir":"ltr","width":"434.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","189.26"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02380000000002,"y":189.26009999999997}
{"page":101,"change":"none","str":". This adds clarity to the numbers. This rule does not apply to phone numbers, ","dir":"ltr","width":"417.33","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","104.06","175.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":104.06010000000002,"y":175.46009999999995}
{"page":101,"change":"none","str":"addresses, zip codes, serial numbers, account numbers, and page numbers. ","dir":"ltr","width":"410.04","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","161.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02380000000002,"y":161.66009999999994}
{"page":101,"change":"none","str":"The balance on the account is $14,300. ","dir":"ltr","width":"213.61","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","134.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986000000005,"y":134.06009999999992}
{"page":101,"change":"none","str":"Her zip code is 98052. ","dir":"ltr","width":"126.13","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","120.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01982000000005,"y":120.26009999999992}
{"page":102,"change":"none","str":"The numbers one through ten are written out as words. Numbers above ten are ","dir":"ltr","width":"454.06","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","708.96"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02389999999997,"y":708.96}
{"page":102,"change":"none","str":"written as numerals.","dir":"ltr","width":"116.05","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","695.14"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02389999999997,"y":695.1401000000001}
{"page":102,"change":"none","str":" This is referred to as the Rule of Ten. ","dir":"ltr","width":"204.63","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","188.18","695.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":188.17989999999998,"y":695.1401000000001}
{"page":102,"change":"none","str":"The fruit bowl contains two bananas and three apples. ","dir":"ltr","width":"294.39","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","667.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01995999999997,"y":667.5397}
{"page":102,"change":"none","str":"The class has 23 students. ","dir":"ltr","width":"149.53","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","653.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01991999999997,"y":653.7397000000001}
{"page":102,"change":"none","str":"If numbers under ten and over ten are used in the same sentence, use numerals ","dir":"ltr","width":"430.31","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","626.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02381999999997,"y":626.1401000000001}
{"page":102,"change":"none","str":"for all ","dir":"ltr","width":"32.84","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","502.21","626.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":502.2098199999999,"y":626.1401000000001}
{"page":102,"change":"none","str":"numbers. The highest number in the sentence sets the rule for all of the numbers in the ","dir":"ltr","width":"465.44","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","612.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02381999999994,"y":612.3401000000001}
{"page":102,"change":"none","str":"The fruit bowl contains 2 bananas, 3 apples, and 14 apricots. (The highest ","dir":"ltr","width":"396.69","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","570.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01987999999994,"y":570.9397000000001}
{"page":102,"change":"none","str":"number sets the rule for the sentence.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"209.53","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","557.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01987999999994,"y":557.1401000000001}
{"page":102,"change":"none","str":"The class has 2 instructors and 23 students. (The highest number sets the rule ","dir":"ltr","width":"420.87","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","543.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01983999999995,"y":543.3401000000001}
{"page":102,"change":"none","str":"for the sentence.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"96.73","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","529.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01983999999995,"y":529.5100000000001}
{"page":102,"change":"none","str":"Numbers that begin sentences are written out as words","dir":"ltr","width":"316.02","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","476.11"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02373999999995,"y":476.11000000000007}
{"page":102,"change":"none","str":". If the written out number ","dir":"ltr","width":"139.32","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","388.27","476.11"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":388.26973999999996,"y":476.11000000000007}
{"page":102,"change":"none","str":"consists of more than two words, spare the reader and rewrite your sentence. ","dir":"ltr","width":"414.03","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","462.31"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02373999999998,"y":462.31000000000006}
{"page":102,"change":"none","str":"Three students submitted the assignment early. ","dir":"ltr","width":"259.59","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","422.71"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01979999999998,"y":422.71000000000004}
{"page":102,"change":"none","str":"Three thousand four hundred and fifteen people attended the confe","dir":"ltr","width":"356.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","408.91"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01975999999998,"y":408.91}
{"page":102,"change":"none","str":"(Rewrite! This sentence is too cumbersome.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"241.47","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","395.11"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01975999999996,"y":395.11}
{"page":102,"change":"none","str":"The conference was attended by 3,415 people. (Better!) ","dir":"ltr","width":"300.27","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","381.31"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01971999999996,"y":381.31}
{"page":102,"change":"none","str":"It is acceptable to begin a sentence with a number if that number refers to a calendar ","dir":"ltr","width":"453.75","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","353.69"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02361999999997,"y":353.68969999999996}
{"page":102,"change":"none","str":"2011 was a busy year for the family. ","dir":"ltr","width":"195.27","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","312.29"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01967999999997,"y":312.2896999999999}
{"page":102,"change":"none","str":"Use numbers to express amounts of money. ","dir":"ltr","width":"255.79","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","256.01"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":256.01}
{"page":102,"change":"none","str":"A decimal point is unnecessary in ","dir":"ltr","width":"181.38","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","328.03","256.01"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":328.02979999999997,"y":256.01}
{"page":102,"change":"none","str":"whole dollar amounts. For clarity, always include a comma in dollar amounts of $","dir":"ltr","width":"427.98","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","242.21"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":242.20999999999998}
{"page":102,"change":"none","str":"or more. Use a dollar sign and a decimal point for monetary figures less than $1 i","dir":"ltr","width":"428.73","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","228.41"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":228.40999999999997}
{"page":102,"change":"none","str":"f they ","dir":"ltr","width":"32.70","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","500.64","228.41"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":500.6358,"y":228.40999999999997}
{"page":102,"change":"none","str":"are listed in a sentence with items that are more than $1. If all monetary figures are le","dir":"ltr","width":"452.92","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","214.61"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":214.60999999999996}
{"page":102,"change":"none","str":"than $1, it is acceptable to write the amounts as cents. Do not use the cents symbol. ","dir":"ltr","width":"450.07","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","200.78"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":200.77989999999997}
{"page":102,"change":"none","str":"The bake sale sold items for $.25, $.75, and $3. ","dir":"ltr","width":"260.31","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","159.38"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01982,"y":159.37989999999996}
{"page":102,"change":"none","str":"Use numbers (1, 2, 3) if the date follows the month","dir":"ltr","width":"286.68","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","89.42"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":89.4238}
{"page":102,"change":"none","str":". Do not use","dir":"ltr","width":"64.69","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","358.87","89.42"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":358.8698,"y":89.4238}
{"page":102,"change":"none","str":", or ","dir":"ltr","width":"20.64","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","474.46","89.42"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":474.46000000000004,"y":89.4238}
{"page":102,"change":"none","str":" after ","dir":"ltr","width":"30.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","504.46","89.42"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":504.45996,"y":89.4238}
{"page":102,"change":"none","str":"the figure if the date follows the calendar month. Some word processing programs, ","dir":"ltr","width":"441.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","75.50"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02396000000005,"y":75.5039}
{"page":103,"change":"none","str":"including Microsoft Word, automatically change the dates to the ordinal numbers (1st,","dir":"ltr","width":"452.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","708.96"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02389999999997,"y":708.96}
{"page":103,"change":"none","str":"2nd, 3rd). Be aware that some programs will do this and delete the ordinal numbers ","dir":"ltr","width":"446.07","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","695.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02389999999997,"y":695.1401000000001}
{"page":103,"change":"none","str":"May 17, 2008, was an exceptionally warm day in Seattle. ","dir":"ltr","width":"308.79","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","653.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01995999999997,"y":653.7397000000001}
{"page":103,"change":"none","str":"They are scheduled to arrive on July 2, 2014. ","dir":"ltr","width":"246.87","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","639.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01991999999997,"y":639.9397000000001}
{"page":103,"change":"none","str":"Use ordinal numbers (1st, 2nd, 3rd) if the date precedes the month or if the date is ","dir":"ltr","width":"470.88","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","612.34"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02381999999997,"y":612.3401000000001}
{"page":103,"change":"none","str":"used without the month","dir":"ltr","width":"135.22","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","598.54"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02381999999997,"y":598.5397000000002}
{"page":103,"change":"none","str":"Seattle was exceptionally warm on the 17th of May. ","dir":"ltr","width":"280.23","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","570.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02018999999999,"y":570.9397000000001}
{"page":103,"change":"none","str":"They are scheduled to arrive on the 2nd","dir":"ltr","width":"212.13","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","557.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.02014999999999,"y":557.1401000000001}
{"page":103,"change":"none","str":"Use numerals for address numbers except for the number One","dir":"ltr","width":"357.51","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","500.83"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":500.83}
{"page":103,"change":"none","str":". Use numbers for ","dir":"ltr","width":"98.70","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","429.67","500.83"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":429.6698,"y":500.83}
{"page":103,"change":"none","str":"zip codes, address numbers, suite numbers, apartment numbers, or route numbers. ","dir":"ltr","width":"447.33","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","487.03"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":487.03}
{"page":103,"change":"none","str":"Her address is One Elm Street, Apt. 2, Redmond, WA 98052. ","dir":"ltr","width":"332.19","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","459.43"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":459.42999999999995}
{"page":103,"change":"none","str":"His address is 7319 Maple Drive, Suite 310, Edmonds, WA 98020. ","dir":"ltr","width":"356.94","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","445.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01982,"y":445.62999999999994}
{"page":103,"change":"none","str":"Street names numbered ten and below are written out as words (First, Second, ","dir":"ltr","width":"451.41","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","418.03"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02372,"y":418.0299999999999}
{"page":103,"change":"none","str":". Street names numbered greater than ten are written as ordinal numbers (11th, ","dir":"ltr","width":"425.25","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","105.98","404.23"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":105.97991999999999,"y":404.2299999999999}
{"page":103,"change":"none","str":"301 First Ave South ","dir":"ltr","width":"108.73","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","362.81"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01978,"y":362.8099999999999}
{"page":103,"change":"none","str":"18061 85th Ave North ","dir":"ltr","width":"120.13","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","349.01"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01974,"y":349.0099999999999}
{"page":103,"change":"none","str":"2025 Second Street ","dir":"ltr","width":"109.45","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","335.21"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.0197,"y":335.20999999999987}
{"page":103,"change":"none","str":"When two numbers appear side-","dir":"ltr","width":"184.86","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","248.45"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":248.45}
{"page":103,"change":"none","str":"-side in a sentence, write the first number in ","dir":"ltr","width":"254.12","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","270.77","248.45"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":270.76969999999994,"y":248.45}
{"page":103,"change":"none","str":"words and second number as a numeral. ","dir":"ltr","width":"236.03","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","234.65"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02369999999993,"y":234.64999999999998}
{"page":103,"change":"none","str":" If the first number cannot be written in two ","dir":"ltr","width":"229.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","308.09","234.65"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":308.08969999999994,"y":234.64999999999998}
{"page":103,"change":"none","str":"words or fewer, it is acceptable to write out the number that can be written in fewer ","dir":"ltr","width":"440.86","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","220.85"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02369999999993,"y":220.84999999999997}
{"page":103,"change":"none","str":"words. If both numbers are long, rewrite the sentence.","dir":"ltr","width":"286.64","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","207.05"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02369999999993,"y":207.04999999999995}
{"page":103,"change":"none","str":"The opera was divided into four 30-minute acts. ","dir":"ltr","width":"259.59","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","179.42"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01975999999996,"y":179.41999999999996}
{"page":103,"change":"none","str":"Use numbers to express time with a.m. and p.m.","dir":"ltr","width":"274.64","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","95.66"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":95.6641}
{"page":104,"change":"none","str":"The meeting starts at eleven a.m. (Incorrect) ","dir":"ltr","width":"239.55","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","695.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01991999999997,"y":695.1401000000001}
{"page":104,"change":"none","str":"Numbers or words can precede ","dir":"ltr","width":"182.76","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","667.54"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02381999999997,"y":667.5397}
{"page":104,"change":"none","str":"o’clock, in the morning, in the afternoon","dir":"ltr","width":"228.51","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","254.93","667.54"],"fontName":"HRSCKI+Arial,BoldItalic","x":254.92981999999998,"y":667.5397}
{"page":104,"change":"none","str":", or ","dir":"ltr","width":"22.04","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","483.58","667.54"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":483.57982,"y":667.5397}
{"page":104,"change":"none","str":"in the ","dir":"ltr","width":"35.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","505.66","667.54"],"fontName":"JSXJHV+Arial,BoldItalic","x":505.65992,"y":667.5397}
{"page":104,"change":"none","str":"The meeting starts at 11 o‟clock in the morning. (Ac","dir":"ltr","width":"273.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","626.14"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.02005999999997,"y":626.1401000000001}
{"page":104,"change":"none","str":"The meeting starts at eleven o‟clock in the morning. (Acceptable)","dir":"ltr","width":"344.77","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","612.34"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.0201199999999,"y":612.3401000000001}
{"page":104,"change":"none","str":"Use one way to express time in a document and remain consistent. Do not use more ","dir":"ltr","width":"451.88","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","584.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02411999999987,"y":584.7397000000001}
{"page":104,"change":"none","str":"than one way to express a single unit of time. ","dir":"ltr","width":"243.26","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","570.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02411999999987,"y":570.9397000000001}
{"page":104,"change":"none","str":"The meeting starts at 11 a.m. in the morning. (Incorrect. This is redundant ","dir":"ltr","width":"394.93","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","543.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.0201799999999,"y":543.3401000000001}
{"page":104,"change":"none","str":"because a.m. already explains that this time is in the morning.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"335.67","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","529.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.0201799999999,"y":529.5100000000001}
{"page":104,"change":"none","str":"Use numbers to express weights, measurements, and temperatures. ","dir":"ltr","width":"392.60","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","459.43"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":459.43}
{"page":104,"change":"none","str":"Fred‟s flight to Seattle took 7 hours and 35 minutes. ","dir":"ltr","width":"277.41","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","431.83"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":431.83}
{"page":104,"change":"none","str":"Use a combination of numbers and words to express large numbers. It is easier ","dir":"ltr","width":"456.66","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","347.93"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":347.93}
{"page":104,"change":"none","str":"to read as a combination. ","dir":"ltr","width":"148.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","334.13"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":334.13}
{"page":104,"change":"none","str":"Cleveland, Ohio‟s Balloon Fest released 1.4 million balloons into the air in 1986. ","dir":"ltr","width":"427.25","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","306.53"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":306.53}
{"page":104,"change":"none","str":"In 2013 the state of Washington had 6.97 million residents. ","dir":"ltr","width":"318.87","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","292.73"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01991999999996,"y":292.72999999999996}
{"page":104,"change":"none","str":"Use numbers to express percentages and spell out the word ","dir":"ltr","width":"347.28","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","236.45"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":236.45}
{"page":104,"change":"none","str":"sign (%) is only used in technical documents and tables. ","dir":"ltr","width":"301.45","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","222.65"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":222.64999999999998}
{"page":104,"change":"none","str":"The flight arrives early 85 percent of the time. ","dir":"ltr","width":"250.95","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","181.22"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01982,"y":181.21989999999997}
{"page":104,"change":"none","str":"Mary received a 25 percent discount. ","dir":"ltr","width":"200.17","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","167.42"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01978,"y":167.41989999999996}
{"page":104,"change":"none","str":"Simple fractions are written as words when they can be expressed in two words ","dir":"ltr","width":"458.90","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","111.26"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":111.26}
{"page":104,"change":"none","str":"and when it is the only fraction in a sentence.","dir":"ltr","width":"258.67","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","97.46"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":97.46390000000001}
{"page":105,"change":"none","str":"One fourth of the class turned in the assignment early. ","dir":"ltr","width":"294.87","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","708.96"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01995999999997,"y":708.96}
{"page":105,"change":"none","str":"We ate one half of the cookies before the party. ","dir":"ltr","width":"258.87","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","695.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01991999999997,"y":695.1401000000001}
{"page":105,"change":"none","str":"Use numbers to express long fractions, mixed fractions (whole numbers and ","dir":"ltr","width":"440.67","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","667.54"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02381999999997,"y":667.5397}
{"page":105,"change":"none","str":"fractions together), and multiple fractions within the same sentence. ","dir":"ltr","width":"392.80","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","653.74"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02381999999997,"y":653.7397000000001}
{"page":105,"change":"none","str":"An extra ","dir":"ltr","width":"47.90","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","464.98","653.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":464.97982,"y":653.7397000000001}
{"page":105,"change":"none","str":"space is added between the whole number and the fraction. ","dir":"ltr","width":"320.65","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","639.94"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02382,"y":639.9397000000001}
{"page":105,"change":"none","str":"The room measured 12 ½ feet by 18 ½ feet. ","dir":"ltr","width":"240.87","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","612.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01988,"y":612.3401000000001}
{"page":105,"change":"none","str":"The smartphone was only ⅝ of an inch thick. ","dir":"ltr","width":"240.62","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","598.54"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":108.01984,"y":598.5397000000002}
{"page":105,"change":"none","str":"Use numbers to express figures with decimals. ","dir":"ltr","width":"271.46","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","542.26"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":542.26}
{"page":105,"change":"none","str":"If the figure is less than zero, a zero ","dir":"ltr","width":"193.25","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","343.63","542.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":343.6298,"y":542.26}
{"page":105,"change":"none","str":"is placed before the decimal point. ","dir":"ltr","width":"185.46","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","528.43"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":528.4299}
{"page":105,"change":"none","str":"Phoenix had 0.05 inches of rain last month. (Zero is placed before decimal point ","dir":"ltr","width":"427.32","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","500.83"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":500.82989999999995}
{"page":105,"change":"none","str":"because the amount is less than zero.) ","dir":"ltr","width":"209.41","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","487.03"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":487.02989999999994}
{"page":105,"change":"none","str":"Seattle had 3.2 inches of rain last week. ","dir":"ltr","width":"218.79","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","473.23"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01982,"y":473.22989999999993}
{"page":105,"change":"none","str":"Use numbers to express grades, scores, and voting results. ","dir":"ltr","width":"344.05","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","416.95"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":416.95}
{"page":105,"change":"none","str":"place a hyphen between the winning and losing scores. ","dir":"ltr","width":"297.33","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","403.15"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":403.15}
{"page":105,"change":"none","str":"Mary earned a 99 on her writing assignment. ","dir":"ltr","width":"244.11","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","361.73"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01982,"y":361.73009999999994}
{"page":105,"change":"none","str":"The vote was 5-","dir":"ltr","width":"85.48","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","347.93"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01978,"y":347.9300999999999}
{"page":105,"change":"none","str":"-3 favoring the expansion. ","dir":"ltr","width":"144.60","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","203.57","347.93"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":203.56977999999998,"y":347.9300999999999}
{"page":105,"change":"none","str":"Company Names, Organization Names, and Product Names","dir":"ltr","width":"410.09","height":"14.52","transform":["14.52","0.00","0.00","14.52","72.02","256.13"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02377999999999,"y":256.12999999999994}
{"page":105,"change":"none","str":"Some companies, organizations, and products have numbers in their legal business ","dir":"ltr","width":"448.03","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","241.73"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":241.73}
{"page":105,"change":"none","str":"names. Write the name exactly how the organization writes it, even if it defies all","dir":"ltr","width":"424.88","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","227.93"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":227.92999999999998}
{"page":105,"change":"none","str":" of the ","dir":"ltr","width":"36.67","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","496.86","227.93"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":496.8598,"y":227.92999999999998}
{"page":105,"change":"none","str":"7 For All Mankind ","dir":"ltr","width":"96.73","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","186.50"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01986,"y":186.49999999999994}
{"page":105,"change":"none","str":"Big Ten ","dir":"ltr","width":"47.98","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.02","103.70"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.01962000000002,"y":103.6999999999999}
{"page":106,"change":"none","str":"Quick Rules for Numbers","dir":"ltr","width":"216.00","height":"18.00","transform":["18.00","0.00","0.00","18.00","72.02","703.42"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02389999999997,"y":703.4200000000001}
{"page":106,"change":"none","str":"1. When writing numbers as figures, use a comma to separate groups of three ","dir":"ltr","width":"447.59","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","674.50"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":674.5002}
{"page":106,"change":"none","str":"2. The numbers one through ten are written as words. All numbers over ten are ","dir":"ltr","width":"453.44","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","633.10"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02373999999999,"y":633.1002}
{"page":106,"change":"none","str":"written as numerals. ","dir":"ltr","width":"119.39","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","619.30"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02373999999999,"y":619.3002}
{"page":106,"change":"none","str":": If numbers under ten and over ten are used together in the same ","dir":"ltr","width":"353.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","141.50","605.50"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":141.49993999999998,"y":605.5002000000001}
{"page":106,"change":"none","str":"sentence, use numerals for all numbers. ","dir":"ltr","width":"216.79","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","591.70"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02373999999998,"y":591.7002000000001}
{"page":106,"change":"none","str":"3. Numbers that begin sentences are written out as words. ","dir":"ltr","width":"336.03","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","564.10"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02373999999995,"y":564.1002000000001}
{"page":106,"change":"none","str":": If the written out number consists of more than two words, rewrite the ","dir":"ltr","width":"376.45","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","141.50","550.30"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":141.49993999999992,"y":550.3002000000001}
{"page":106,"change":"none","str":"It is acceptable to begin a sentence with a calendar year. ","dir":"ltr","width":"305.26","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","148.82","522.67"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":148.8198399999999,"y":522.6701000000002}
{"page":106,"change":"none","str":"4. Use numbers to express amounts of money. ","dir":"ltr","width":"269.25","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","495.07"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238399999999,"y":495.07010000000014}
{"page":106,"change":"none","str":"5. Use numbers (1, 2, 3) if the date follows the month","dir":"ltr","width":"299.84","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","467.47"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238399999999,"y":467.4701000000001}
{"page":106,"change":"none","str":"Use ordinal numbers (1st, 2nd, 3rd) if the date precedes the month.","dir":"ltr","width":"381.79","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","85.46","439.87"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":85.46425999999988,"y":439.8701000000001}
{"page":106,"change":"none","str":"7. Use numerals for address numbers except for the number One","dir":"ltr","width":"370.73","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","412.27"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02425999999991,"y":412.27010000000007}
{"page":106,"change":"none","str":"8. Street names numbered ten and below are written out as words (first, second, ","dir":"ltr","width":"460.27","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","384.67"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0244899999999,"y":384.67010000000005}
{"page":106,"change":"none","str":"9. When two numbers appear side by side in a sentence, write the first number in ","dir":"ltr","width":"464.66","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","343.25"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02454999999989,"y":343.2502}
{"page":106,"change":"none","str":"words and second number as a numeral. ","dir":"ltr","width":"236.03","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","329.45"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02454999999989,"y":329.4502}
{"page":106,"change":"none","str":"10. Use numbers to express time with a.m. and p.m.","dir":"ltr","width":"294.93","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","301.85"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02454999999989,"y":301.8502}
{"page":106,"change":"none","str":"11. Numbers or words can precede ","dir":"ltr","width":"202.73","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","274.25"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02438999999987,"y":274.25019999999995}
{"page":106,"change":"none","str":"o’clock, in the","dir":"ltr","width":"79.97","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","274.97","274.25"],"fontName":"HRSCKI+Arial,BoldItalic","x":274.97038999999984,"y":274.25019999999995}
{"page":106,"change":"none","str":" morning, in the afternoon","dir":"ltr","width":"148.55","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","355.03","274.25"],"fontName":"JSXJHV+Arial,BoldItalic","x":355.03058999999985,"y":274.25019999999995}
{"page":106,"change":"none","str":", or ","dir":"ltr","width":"22.04","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","503.62","274.25"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":503.6205899999999,"y":274.25019999999995}
{"page":106,"change":"none","str":"12. Use numbers to express weights, measurements, and temperatures.","dir":"ltr","width":"409.29","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","232.85"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02468999999991,"y":232.85019999999992}
{"page":106,"change":"none","str":"13. Use a combination of numbers and words to express large numbers. It is ","dir":"ltr","width":"438.69","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","205.25"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02468999999991,"y":205.2501999999999}
{"page":106,"change":"none","str":"easier to read as a combination. ","dir":"ltr","width":"186.00","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","191.42"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02468999999991,"y":191.4200999999999}
{"page":106,"change":"none","str":"14. Use numbers to express percentages and spell out the word ","dir":"ltr","width":"367.47","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","163.82"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02468999999991,"y":163.8200999999999}
{"page":106,"change":"none","str":"15. Simple fractions are written as words when they can be expressed in two ","dir":"ltr","width":"440.06","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","136.22"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02442999999994,"y":136.22009999999992}
{"page":106,"change":"none","str":"words and when it is the only fraction in a sentence.","dir":"ltr","width":"297.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","122.42"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02442999999994,"y":122.42009999999992}
{"page":106,"change":"none","str":"16. Use numbers to express long fractions, mixed fractions (whole numbers and ","dir":"ltr","width":"460.64","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","94.82"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02442999999994,"y":94.82399999999993}
{"page":106,"change":"none","str":"fractions together), and multiple fractions within the same sentence. ","dir":"ltr","width":"392.78","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","81.02"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02442999999994,"y":81.02399999999993}
{"page":107,"change":"none","str":"17. Use numbers to express grades, scores, and voting results.","dir":"ltr","width":"360.68","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","695.14"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.02389999999997,"y":695.1402}
{"page":107,"change":"none","str":"Commonly Confused Words and ","dir":"ltr","width":"378.65","height":"24.00","transform":["24.00","0.00","0.00","24.00","120.02","262.97"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":120.01999999999997,"y":262.97240000000016}
{"page":107,"change":"none","str":"You keep using that word. I do not think it means what you ","dir":"ltr","width":"409.12","height":"14.52","transform":["14.52","0.00","0.00","14.52","121.34","202.94"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":121.3398,"y":202.94}
{"page":107,"change":"none","str":"think it means. ","dir":"ltr","width":"105.62","height":"14.52","transform":["14.52","0.00","0.00","14.52","255.17","186.26"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":255.1698,"y":186.2603}
{"page":107,"change":"none","str":" The Princess Bride","dir":"ltr","width":"135.60","height":"14.52","transform":["14.52","0.00","0.00","14.52","399.79","155.78"],"fontName":"JSXJHV+Arial,BoldItalic","x":399.78979999999996,"y":155.7802}
{"page":107,"change":"none","str":"Spell check will only catch words that do not appear in the dictionary. Spell check will ","dir":"ltr","width":"453.25","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","127.58"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":127.5802}
{"page":107,"change":"none","str":"not catch words that are used incorrectly. The following are the most commonly mixed ","dir":"ltr","width":"459.57","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","113.78"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":113.78020000000001}
{"page":107,"change":"none","str":"up words. When in doubt, look up the words in the dictionary. ","dir":"ltr","width":"327.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","99.98"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":99.98410000000001}
{"page":108,"change":"none","str":" (verb) means to take, to receive, or to accept.","dir":"ltr","width":"244.79","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","111.86","709.08"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":111.86019999999996,"y":709.08}
{"page":108,"change":"none","str":" She accepted the award on his ","dir":"ltr","width":"171.35","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","356.95","709.08"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":356.9502,"y":709.08}
{"page":108,"change":"none","str":" (preposition) means excluding. ","dir":"ltr","width":"169.89","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","111.50","681.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":111.5,"y":681.46}
{"page":108,"change":"none","str":"Everyone except Bill was invited. ","dir":"ltr","width":"181.59","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","281.57","681.46"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":281.57,"y":681.46}
{"page":108,"change":"none","str":" (noun) is a recommendation. ","dir":"ltr","width":"159.43","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","111.38","641.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":111.3801,"y":641.8601}
{"page":108,"change":"none","str":"I went to the boss for advice. ","dir":"ltr","width":"155.96","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","270.89","641.86"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":270.89009999999996,"y":641.8601}
{"page":108,"change":"none","str":" (verb) means to give information or counsel. ","dir":"ltr","width":"240.61","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","111.38","628.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":111.3801,"y":628.06}
{"page":108,"change":"none","str":"She advised me to attend the ","dir":"ltr","width":"159.33","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","352.27","628.06"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":352.27009999999996,"y":628.06}
{"page":108,"change":"none","str":" (adjective) means nearly. ","dir":"ltr","width":"144.25","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","112.58","574.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":112.57999999999998,"y":574.66}
{"page":108,"change":"none","str":"Almost everyone is here today. ","dir":"ltr","width":"168.06","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","256.85","574.66"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":256.85,"y":574.66}
{"page":108,"change":"none","str":"(adjective) means the greatest in amount. ","dir":"ltr","width":"224.07","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","103.34","560.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":103.3398,"y":560.86}
{"page":108,"change":"none","str":"Most students are happy midterms are ","dir":"ltr","width":"207.78","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","327.67","560.86"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":327.6698,"y":560.86}
{"page":108,"change":"none","str":" (phrase) means completely prepared. ","dir":"ltr","width":"206.19","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","122.54","507.43"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":122.53979999999999,"y":507.4299}
{"page":108,"change":"none","str":"The class is all ready to begin the next ","dir":"ltr","width":"207.29","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","328.99","507.43"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":328.98979999999995,"y":507.4299}
{"page":108,"change":"none","str":" (adverb) means previously. ","dir":"ltr","width":"151.31","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","115.94","479.83"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":115.93979999999999,"y":479.83}
{"page":108,"change":"none","str":"I already completed my assignment. ","dir":"ltr","width":"195.29","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","267.41","479.83"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":267.4098,"y":479.83}
{"page":108,"change":"none","str":" (adverb) refers to a large number. ","dir":"ltr","width":"189.72","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","98.54","440.23"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":98.54409999999999,"y":440.2301}
{"page":108,"change":"none","str":"She drinks a lot of coffee.","dir":"ltr","width":"135.32","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","288.29","440.23"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":288.2901,"y":440.2301}
{"page":108,"change":"none","str":" (verb) means to parcel out. ","dir":"ltr","width":"153.72","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","98.54","426.43"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":98.54409999999999,"y":426.43}
{"page":108,"change":"none","str":"He did not allot enough time for the exam.","dir":"ltr","width":"222.37","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","252.29","426.43"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":252.2901,"y":426.43}
{"page":108,"change":"none","str":" is not a word.","dir":"ltr","width":"74.78","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","95.18","412.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":95.184,"y":412.51}
{"page":108,"change":"none","str":" (verb) means to impress, to influence, or to change. ","dir":"ltr","width":"280.79","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","105.98","373.03"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":105.97999999999999,"y":373.0301}
{"page":108,"change":"none","str":"The sunshine affected her ","dir":"ltr","width":"141.95","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","387.07","373.03"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":387.06999999999994,"y":373.0301}
{"page":108,"change":"none","str":"od in a positive way. ","dir":"ltr","width":"111.47","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","88.58","359.21"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":88.58399999999999,"y":359.21}
{"page":108,"change":"none","str":" (noun) is a result or a consequence. ","dir":"ltr","width":"198.06","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","105.38","345.41"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":105.38029999999998,"y":345.40999999999997}
{"page":108,"change":"none","str":"The effect was a more cheerful disposition. ","dir":"ltr","width":"231.27","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","303.65","345.41"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":303.6503,"y":345.40999999999997}
{"page":108,"change":"none","str":" - (adverb) two words meaning good, agreeable, acceptable, or reliable. ","dir":"ltr","width":"382.82","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","117.26","292.01"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":117.2601,"y":292.01009999999997}
{"page":108,"change":"none","str":"He is ","dir":"ltr","width":"30.56","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","500.50","292.01"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":500.5001,"y":292.01009999999997}
{"page":108,"change":"none","str":"feeling all right again. ","dir":"ltr","width":"120.21","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","278.21"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":72.0238,"y":278.21}
{"page":108,"change":"none","str":" - nonstandard spelling. Do not use for formal documents, tests, papers, o","dir":"ltr","width":"390.90","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","110.54","264.29"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":110.53980000000001,"y":264.2897}
{"page":108,"change":"none","str":" (preposition) means with more than two or in the midst of. ","dir":"ltr","width":"315.87","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","113.18","211.01"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":113.1801,"y":211.01030000000003}
{"page":108,"change":"none","str":"He walked among ","dir":"ltr","width":"99.37","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","428.95","211.01"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":428.95009999999996,"y":211.01030000000003}
{"page":108,"change":"none","str":"the trees. He shared the cookies among his five friends.","dir":"ltr","width":"295.87","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","197.18"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":72.0238,"y":197.18}
{"page":108,"change":"none","str":" (preposition) refers to the space separating two points or shared by two ","dir":"ltr","width":"384.43","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","121.46","183.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":121.4601,"y":183.2601}
{"page":108,"change":"none","str":"The keys fell between the bookcase and the wall. Let’s keep the secret between yo","dir":"ltr","width":"439.96","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","155.78"],"fontName":"NYNMFO+Arial,Italic","x":72.0238,"y":155.7799}
{"page":108,"change":"none","str":" (verb) means to declare, to promise, or to proclaim confidently. ","dir":"ltr","width":"339.16","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","112.70","102.38"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":112.69999999999999,"y":102.37989999999998}
{"page":108,"change":"none","str":"He assured us ","dir":"ltr","width":"80.83","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","452.26","102.38"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":452.26,"y":102.37989999999998}
{"page":108,"change":"none","str":"that he would pay for the meal. ","dir":"ltr","width":"167.35","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","88.58"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":72.0238,"y":88.584}
{"page":109,"change":"none","str":" (verb) means to guarantee or secure. ","dir":"ltr","width":"204.53","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","112.82","709.08"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":112.81999999999996,"y":709.08}
{"page":109,"change":"none","str":"This letter of recommendation ensures ","dir":"ltr","width":"208.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","317.57","709.08"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":317.56999999999994,"y":709.08}
{"page":109,"change":"none","str":"that I will be hired. ","dir":"ltr","width":"100.05","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","695.26"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":72.0238,"y":695.26}
{"page":109,"change":"none","str":" (verb) means to protect from loss or harm. ","dir":"ltr","width":"230.67","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.14","681.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.1398,"y":681.46}
{"page":109,"change":"none","str":"Police recommend that residents ","dir":"ltr","width":"177.90","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","339.07","681.46"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":339.0698,"y":681.46}
{"page":109,"change":"none","str":"insure their valuable items. ","dir":"ltr","width":"145.91","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","667.66"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":72.0238,"y":667.66}
{"page":109,"change":"none","str":" (preposition) means next to. ","dir":"ltr","width":"155.25","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","111.50","628.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":111.5,"y":628.06}
{"page":109,"change":"none","str":"Fred sat beside Mary at dinner. ","dir":"ltr","width":"169.33","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","266.93","628.06"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":266.93,"y":628.06}
{"page":109,"change":"none","str":" (adverb) means in addition to or also. ","dir":"ltr","width":"204.66","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","118.10","614.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":118.1,"y":614.26}
{"page":109,"change":"none","str":"Besides dinner, Fred and Mary went to a ","dir":"ltr","width":"219.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","322.99","614.26"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":322.99,"y":614.26}
{"page":109,"change":"none","str":" (adjective) means every other month. ","dir":"ltr","width":"204.85","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","130.58","560.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":130.57999999999998,"y":560.86}
{"page":109,"change":"none","str":"We have to wait 8 more weeks for the ","dir":"ltr","width":"203.93","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","335.59","560.86"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":335.59,"y":560.86}
{"page":109,"change":"none","str":" (adjective) means twice a month. ","dir":"ltr","width":"182.21","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","147.26","533.23"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":147.2601,"y":533.2298999999999}
{"page":109,"change":"none","str":"Twice a month we receive the ","dir":"ltr","width":"161.97","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","329.71","533.23"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":329.7101,"y":533.2298999999999}
{"page":109,"change":"none","str":"semimonthly local journal. ","dir":"ltr","width":"141.35","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","519.43"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":72.0238,"y":519.43}
{"page":109,"change":"none","str":" (noun) refers to wealth. Also refers to a city serving as the seat of government. ","dir":"ltr","width":"422.55","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","112.10","479.71"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":112.1,"y":479.71009999999995}
{"page":109,"change":"none","str":"Fred invested a lot of capital in the project. Olympia is the capital of Washington. ","dir":"ltr","width":"429.51","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","466.03"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":72.0238,"y":466.03}
{"page":109,"change":"none","str":" (noun) refers to the building used by the United States Congress. This ","dir":"ltr","width":"378.07","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","112.70","452.11"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":112.69999999999999,"y":452.1101}
{"page":109,"change":"none","str":"reference is always capitalized. Capitol can also refer to a state legislative building, but ","dir":"ltr","width":"462.56","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","438.31"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":438.31}
{"page":109,"change":"none","str":"it is not capitalized. ","dir":"ltr","width":"104.61","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","424.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":424.6299}
{"page":109,"change":"none","str":"Dave visited the United States Capitol. Dave has been to the state ","dir":"ltr","width":"354.89","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","176.78","424.63"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":176.7798,"y":424.6299}
{"page":109,"change":"none","str":"capitol building in Olympia on several occasions. ","dir":"ltr","width":"261.33","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","410.83"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":72.0238,"y":410.8299}
{"page":109,"change":"none","str":" (verb) means to reference or quote. ","dir":"ltr","width":"195.39","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","94.70","371.21"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":94.70389999999999,"y":371.21000000000004}
{"page":109,"change":"none","str":"Fred cited many psychology journals in his ","dir":"ltr","width":"229.28","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","290.33","371.21"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":290.3299,"y":371.21000000000004}
{"page":109,"change":"none","str":" (noun) refers to a position or a location. ","dir":"ltr","width":"215.33","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","94.10","343.61"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":94.1039,"y":343.61}
{"page":109,"change":"none","str":"The job site is in the middle of the state.","dir":"ltr","width":"211.45","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","309.53","343.61"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":309.5299,"y":343.61}
{"page":109,"change":"none","str":" (noun) refers to praise or admiration. ","dir":"ltr","width":"201.32","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","141.38","304.01"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":141.3801,"y":304.0101}
{"page":109,"change":"none","str":"He told her that the book was ","dir":"ltr","width":"159.31","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","342.91","304.01"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":342.9101,"y":304.0101}
{"page":109,"change":"none","str":"brilliant, and she accepted the compliment. ","dir":"ltr","width":"230.64","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","290.21"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":72.0238,"y":290.21}
{"page":109,"change":"none","str":" (noun) means to complete or to enhance. ","dir":"ltr","width":"225.96","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","144.74","276.41"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":144.7398,"y":276.40999999999997}
{"page":109,"change":"none","str":"complemented the spicy meal. ","dir":"ltr","width":"165.19","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","262.61"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":72.0238,"y":262.61}
{"page":109,"change":"none","str":"Could care less","dir":"ltr","width":"88.70","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","222.89"],"fontName":"SJUTSY+Arial,Bold","x":72.0238,"y":222.8897}
{"page":109,"change":"none","str":" (phrase) means that you care. It is often misused to mean that you do ","dir":"ltr","width":"375.98","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","160.82","222.89"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":160.8199,"y":222.8897}
{"page":109,"change":"none","str":"Could care less","dir":"ltr","width":"82.52","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","122.18","209.21"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":122.1801,"y":209.21}
{"page":109,"change":"none","str":" means that you care.","dir":"ltr","width":"115.31","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","204.77","209.21"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":204.7699,"y":209.21}
{"page":109,"change":"none","str":"Couldn’t care less","dir":"ltr","width":"103.34","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","195.38"],"fontName":"BCKRYX+Arial,Bold","x":72.02390000000003,"y":195.37990000000002}
{"page":109,"change":"none","str":" (phrase) means that you do not care.","dir":"ltr","width":"199.95","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","175.46","195.38"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":175.45990000000003,"y":195.37990000000002}
{"page":109,"change":"none","str":" I could not care less about the ","dir":"ltr","width":"166.63","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","375.67","195.38"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":375.66990000000004,"y":195.37990000000002}
{"page":109,"change":"none","str":" (contraction of the verbs could and have)","dir":"ltr","width":"220.83","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","188.66","141.98"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":188.65980000000002,"y":141.98000000000002}
{"page":109,"change":"none","str":"I could’ve gone to the ","dir":"ltr","width":"117.21","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","412.99","141.98"],"fontName":"NYNMFO+Arial,Italic","x":412.98957000000007,"y":141.98000000000002}
{"page":109,"change":"none","str":" (always incorrect) It sounds like ","dir":"ltr","width":"174.07","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","120.62","114.38"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":120.6199,"y":114.38000000000001}
{"page":109,"change":"none","str":" when it is spoken, but ","dir":"ltr","width":"122.12","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","338.83","114.38"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":338.8301,"y":114.38000000000001}
{"page":109,"change":"none","str":" is ","dir":"ltr","width":"15.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","503.14","114.38"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":503.1401,"y":114.38000000000001}
{"page":110,"change":"none","str":" (adverb) means challenging or resisting. ","dir":"ltr","width":"220.15","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","122.54","709.08"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":122.53989999999996,"y":709.08}
{"page":110,"change":"none","str":"He defiantly glared at the teacher for ","dir":"ltr","width":"197.51","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","342.91","709.08"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":342.9099,"y":709.08}
{"page":110,"change":"none","str":"giving him detention. ","dir":"ltr","width":"113.38","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","695.26"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":72.0238,"y":695.26}
{"page":110,"change":"none","str":" (adverb) means clearly and positively. ","dir":"ltr","width":"207.99","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","125.90","681.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":125.9,"y":681.46}
{"page":110,"change":"none","str":"She will definitely be at the assembly ","dir":"ltr","width":"199.26","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","334.15","681.46"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":334.15,"y":681.46}
{"page":110,"change":"none","str":"to accept her prestigious award. ","dir":"ltr","width":"173.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","667.66"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":72.0238,"y":667.66}
{"page":110,"change":"none","str":" (adjective) means unbiased. ","dir":"ltr","width":"156.65","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","148.10","628.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":148.1,"y":628.06}
{"page":110,"change":"none","str":"The judge was disinterested in the case. ","dir":"ltr","width":"217.29","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","304.97","628.06"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":304.97,"y":628.06}
{"page":110,"change":"none","str":" (adjective) means indifferent or having no interest at all. ","dir":"ltr","width":"301.15","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","145.46","614.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":145.4601,"y":614.26}
{"page":110,"change":"none","str":"Dave is ","dir":"ltr","width":"43.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","446.95","614.26"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":446.9501,"y":614.26}
{"page":110,"change":"none","str":"uninterested in celebrity entertainment news. ","dir":"ltr","width":"241.31","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","600.46"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":72.0238,"y":600.46}
{"page":110,"change":"none","str":" (verb) means to bring out or bring forth. ","dir":"ltr","width":"215.19","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","100.82","560.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":100.81989999999999,"y":560.86}
{"page":110,"change":"none","str":"The principal elicited a confession from ","dir":"ltr","width":"210.57","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","316.25","560.86"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":316.2499,"y":560.86}
{"page":110,"change":"none","str":" (adjective) means illegal, unlawful, or immoral. ","dir":"ltr","width":"252.63","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","99.50","533.23"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":99.50390000000002,"y":533.2298999999999}
{"page":110,"change":"none","str":"The use of illicit drugs is a crime.","dir":"ltr","width":"173.76","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","352.39","533.23"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":352.3899,"y":533.2298999999999}
{"page":110,"change":"none","str":" (adverb) refers to actual distance. ","dir":"ltr","width":"185.33","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","113.42","493.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":113.41989999999998,"y":493.63009999999997}
{"page":110,"change":"none","str":"How much farther are we driving? ","dir":"ltr","width":"182.49","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","298.97","493.63"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":298.9699,"y":493.63009999999997}
{"page":110,"change":"none","str":" (adverb) means additionally. ","dir":"ltr","width":"157.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","114.02","479.83"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":114.01989999999999,"y":479.83}
{"page":110,"change":"none","str":"We should talk about this further.","dir":"ltr","width":"175.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","271.49","479.83"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":271.4899,"y":479.83}
{"page":110,"change":"none","str":": the word ","dir":"ltr","width":"55.97","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","90.74","466.03"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":90.7441,"y":466.03}
{"page":110,"change":"none","str":" is hidden in the word ","dir":"ltr","width":"116.51","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","160.82","466.03"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":160.8198,"y":466.03}
{"page":110,"change":"none","str":". Farther refers to distance.","dir":"ltr","width":"144.13","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","312.17","466.03"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":312.1699,"y":466.03}
{"page":110,"change":"none","str":" (adjective) refers to countable items. ","dir":"ltr","width":"199.98","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","106.82","426.43"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":106.81999999999996,"y":426.43}
{"page":110,"change":"none","str":"Ten items or fewer allowed in this checkout ","dir":"ltr","width":"232.59","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","307.01","426.43"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":307.01,"y":426.43}
{"page":110,"change":"none","str":" (adjective) refers to amounts or quantities. ","dir":"ltr","width":"230.54","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","99.50","398.83"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":99.50389999999999,"y":398.83}
{"page":110,"change":"none","str":"There is less water in Lake Washington ","dir":"ltr","width":"212.57","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","330.31","398.83"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":330.30989999999997,"y":398.83}
{"page":110,"change":"none","str":"than in the Pacific Ocean.","dir":"ltr","width":"136.84","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","385.03"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":72.0238,"y":385.03}
{"page":110,"change":"none","str":" with nouns you can count individually ","dir":"ltr","width":"203.85","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","152.18","371.09"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":152.17999999999998,"y":371.08979999999997}
{"page":110,"change":"none","str":" with nouns you cannot ","dir":"ltr","width":"125.99","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","403.03","371.09"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":403.03000000000003,"y":371.08979999999997}
{"page":110,"change":"none","str":" (noun) refers to a short introduction to a book or article. ","dir":"ltr","width":"299.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","126.74","329.81"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":126.74000000000004,"y":329.8101}
{"page":110,"change":"none","str":"Mary wrote the ","dir":"ltr","width":"82.79","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","426.31","329.81"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":426.31000000000006,"y":329.8101}
{"page":110,"change":"none","str":"foreword in Dr. Sam Jones","dir":"ltr","width":"142.10","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","316.01"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":72.0238,"y":316.01}
{"page":110,"change":"none","str":"s new book. ","dir":"ltr","width":"67.57","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","216.65","316.01"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":216.6498,"y":316.01}
{"page":110,"change":"none","str":" (adverb) means to move ahead. ","dir":"ltr","width":"176.69","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","119.42","302.21"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":119.42009999999996,"y":302.21}
{"page":110,"change":"none","str":"Sam took one step forward as the line ","dir":"ltr","width":"204.61","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","296.21","302.21"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":296.21009999999995,"y":302.21}
{"page":110,"change":"none","str":" (adjective) means desirable. ","dir":"ltr","width":"156.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","103.34","248.81"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":103.3398,"y":248.81000000000006}
{"page":110,"change":"none","str":"A number of students received a good score on the ","dir":"ltr","width":"275.28","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","260.21","248.81"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":260.2098,"y":248.81000000000006}
{"page":110,"change":"none","str":" (adverb) means satisfactorily. ","dir":"ltr","width":"163.16","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","96.74","221.21"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":96.7441,"y":221.20999999999998}
{"page":110,"change":"none","str":"He did well on the exam. ","dir":"ltr","width":"134.72","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","260.09","221.21"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":260.0901,"y":221.20999999999998}
{"page":110,"change":"none","str":" (adverb) means healthy. ","dir":"ltr","width":"159.39","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","207.41"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":207.41}
{"page":110,"change":"none","str":"He was ill and now he is well. ","dir":"ltr","width":"159.34","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","231.53","207.41"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":231.5298,"y":207.41}
{"page":110,"change":"none","str":" (verb) Schools graduate students, but students graduate from school. ","dir":"ltr","width":"374.56","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","132.14","167.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":132.13979999999998,"y":167.65999999999997}
{"page":110,"change":"none","str":"Students do not graduate high school. It is incorrect because it is giving an intransitive ","dir":"ltr","width":"458.60","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","153.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":153.86}
{"page":110,"change":"none","str":"verb a direct object. ","dir":"ltr","width":"108.11","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","140.18"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":140.1799}
{"page":110,"change":"none","str":"Gonzaga University graduated 500 students in May.","dir":"ltr","width":"275.99","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","180.14","140.18"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":180.13979999999998,"y":140.1799}
{"page":110,"change":"none","str":" (intransitive verb) Graduated is an intransitive verb and does not need ","dir":"ltr","width":"377.29","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","165.50","126.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":165.50016,"y":126.26}
{"page":110,"change":"none","str":"a direct object.","dir":"ltr","width":"78.04","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","112.58"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":112.58}
{"page":110,"change":"none","str":" Mary graduated from college","dir":"ltr","width":"155.96","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","150.14","112.58"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":150.13979999999998,"y":112.58}
{"page":111,"change":"none","str":" is not a real word.","dir":"ltr","width":"97.93","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","140.78","708.96"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":140.78009999999998,"y":708.96}
{"page":111,"change":"none","str":" (adjective) means to have no regard for. ","dir":"ltr","width":"219.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","136.82","695.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":136.8199,"y":695.26}
{"page":111,"change":"none","str":"Regardless of her good intentions, ","dir":"ltr","width":"185.96","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","356.35","695.26"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":356.3499,"y":695.26}
{"page":111,"change":"none","str":"she still arrived late. ","dir":"ltr","width":"109.44","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","681.46"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":72.0238,"y":681.46}
{"page":111,"change":"none","str":" (possessive pronoun) means ","dir":"ltr","width":"160.77","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","86.06","641.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":86.064,"y":641.86}
{"page":111,"change":"none","str":" has ownership or possession. ","dir":"ltr","width":"164.71","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","252.89","641.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":252.88969,"y":641.86}
{"page":111,"change":"none","str":"The shoe has lost its ","dir":"ltr","width":"113.29","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","417.79","641.86"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":417.78969,"y":641.86}
{"page":111,"change":"none","str":" (contraction of the pronoun it and the verb is or has) ","dir":"ltr","width":"282.00","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","89.42","614.26"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":89.4238,"y":614.26}
{"page":111,"change":"none","str":"It’s our last chance to see the ","dir":"ltr","width":"159.31","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","371.71","614.26"],"fontName":"NYNMFO+Arial,Italic","x":371.7098,"y":614.26}
{"page":111,"change":"none","str":"band before they retire. ","dir":"ltr","width":"127.38","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","600.46"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":72.0238,"y":600.46}
{"page":111,"change":"none","str":" (adverb) means after a certain time. ","dir":"ltr","width":"196.62","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","101.42","560.86"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":101.41990000000001,"y":560.86}
{"page":111,"change":"none","str":"He will sign the contract later. ","dir":"ltr","width":"159.95","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","298.25","560.86"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":298.2499,"y":560.86}
{"page":111,"change":"none","str":" (adjective) refers to the second of two choices. ","dir":"ltr","width":"257.55","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","105.38","547.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":105.3801,"y":547.06}
{"page":111,"change":"none","str":"Between the tea and the coffee, I ","dir":"ltr","width":"179.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","362.95","547.06"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":362.9501,"y":547.06}
{"page":111,"change":"none","str":"choose the latter.","dir":"ltr","width":"92.07","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","533.23"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":72.0238,"y":533.23}
{"page":111,"change":"none","str":" (transitive verb) means to place or to set. Lay requires a direct object in order to ","dir":"ltr","width":"428.96","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","92.54","493.51"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":92.54409999999999,"y":493.51009999999997}
{"page":111,"change":"none","str":"complete the meaning. ","dir":"ltr","width":"124.64","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","479.83"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":479.83}
{"page":111,"change":"none","str":"We will lay tiles in the bathroom.","dir":"ltr","width":"171.31","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","196.73","479.83"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":196.7298,"y":479.83}
{"page":111,"change":"none","str":" (intransitive verb) means to rest or to recline. Lie does not require a direct object, ","dir":"ltr","width":"434.82","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","89.42","465.91"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":89.42357000000007,"y":465.9101}
{"page":111,"change":"none","str":"but is often followed by a preposition. ","dir":"ltr","width":"200.65","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","452.23"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":452.23}
{"page":111,"change":"none","str":"I am going to lie down for a nap. ","dir":"ltr","width":"174.06","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","272.93","452.23"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":272.9298,"y":452.23}
{"page":111,"change":"none","str":" (adverb) means actually or without exaggeration. ","dir":"ltr","width":"266.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","117.98","412.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":117.97999999999999,"y":412.63000000000005}
{"page":111,"change":"none","str":"The flight literally took 4 ","dir":"ltr","width":"129.24","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","384.31","412.63"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":384.30999999999995,"y":412.63000000000005}
{"page":111,"change":"none","str":" Do not use the word","dir":"ltr","width":"110.42","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","105.50","398.83"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":105.5,"y":398.83}
{"page":111,"change":"none","str":"to exaggerate. If someone says, “I literally died ","dir":"ltr","width":"251.44","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","260.09","398.83"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":260.0898,"y":398.83}
{"page":111,"change":"none","str":"laughing,” it means they are dead. The word they are looking for is fi","dir":"ltr","width":"361.45","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","384.91"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":72.02380000000002,"y":384.9101}
{"page":111,"change":"none","str":" (adverb) means metaphorically or not in a real sense. ","dir":"ltr","width":"290.22","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","139.22","371.21"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":139.22010000000006,"y":371.2101}
{"page":111,"change":"none","str":"She was figuratively ","dir":"ltr","width":"110.06","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","429.67","371.21"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":429.67010000000005,"y":371.2101}
{"page":111,"change":"none","str":"bursting with excitement.","dir":"ltr","width":"131.95","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","357.41"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":72.0238,"y":357.41}
{"page":111,"change":"none","str":" She is not really exploding; she is just very excited. ","dir":"ltr","width":"277.16","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","204.17","357.41"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":204.16979999999998,"y":357.41}
{"page":111,"change":"none","str":" (verb) means to become brighter. ","dir":"ltr","width":"184.03","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","133.34","329.81"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":133.3398,"y":329.81000000000006}
{"page":111,"change":"none","str":"The sunshine is lightening her hair. ","dir":"ltr","width":"189.58","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","317.45","329.81"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":317.4498,"y":329.81000000000006}
{"page":111,"change":"none","str":" (noun) refers to an electrical flash during a storm. ","dir":"ltr","width":"268.07","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","126.62","316.01"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":126.6199,"y":316.01}
{"page":111,"change":"none","str":"the building during the thunderstorm. ","dir":"ltr","width":"198.62","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","302.21"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":72.0238,"y":302.21}
{"page":111,"change":"none","str":" (verb) means to be without or to suffer defeat. ","dir":"ltr","width":"249.24","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","100.10","262.61"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":100.10000000000002,"y":262.61}
{"page":111,"change":"none","str":"The dieter wants to lose weight. ","dir":"ltr","width":"171.89","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","349.63","262.61"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":349.63,"y":262.61}
{"page":111,"change":"none","str":" (adjective) means free from restriction or not tight. ","dir":"ltr","width":"271.47","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","107.42","248.81"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":107.41989999999998,"y":248.81}
{"page":111,"change":"none","str":"After dieting for months, his ","dir":"ltr","width":"149.29","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","379.03","248.81"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":379.0299,"y":248.81}
{"page":111,"change":"none","str":"old clothes were very loose. ","dir":"ltr","width":"151.29","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","235.01"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":72.0238,"y":235.01}
{"page":111,"change":"none","str":" (adjective) means sickening. ","dir":"ltr","width":"157.91","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","129.50","195.38"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":129.5,"y":195.3799}
{"page":111,"change":"none","str":"The nauseous aroma of the sock soup turned ","dir":"ltr","width":"244.69","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","287.57","195.38"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":287.57,"y":195.3799}
{"page":111,"change":"none","str":" (verb) means to feel sick or queasy. ","dir":"ltr","width":"196.38","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","132.86","167.78"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":132.8601,"y":167.78}
{"page":111,"change":"none","str":"After eating the sock soup, Dave felt ","dir":"ltr","width":"196.24","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","329.47","167.78"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":329.4701,"y":167.78}
{"page":111,"change":"none","str":" (noun) refers to the leader. ","dir":"ltr","width":"148.69","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","122.78","126.38"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":122.7801,"y":126.37999999999998}
{"page":111,"change":"none","str":"The principal of the school was in charge of the ","dir":"ltr","width":"253.99","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","271.61","126.38"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":271.6101,"y":126.37999999999998}
{"page":111,"change":"none","str":"Principal (adjective) means main. ","dir":"ltr","width":"180.03","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","98.78"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02380000000001,"y":98.7839}
{"page":111,"change":"none","str":"The principal freeway through Seattle is I-5. ","dir":"ltr","width":"234.84","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","252.29","98.78"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":252.2898,"y":98.7839}
{"page":112,"change":"none","str":" (noun) refers to a rule or a set of beliefs. ","dir":"ltr","width":"220.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","122.78","709.08"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":122.78019999999998,"y":709.08}
{"page":112,"change":"none","str":"The family has good moral ","dir":"ltr","width":"144.61","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","343.03","709.08"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":343.0302,"y":709.08}
{"page":112,"change":"none","str":" (adjective) means actual or genuine. ","dir":"ltr","width":"203.40","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","97.46","655.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":97.464,"y":655.66}
{"page":112,"change":"none","str":"A real diamond is worth more than a fake ","dir":"ltr","width":"221.90","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","300.89","655.66"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":300.89,"y":655.66}
{"page":112,"change":"none","str":"(adverb) means actually or truly. ","dir":"ltr","width":"178.09","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","110.66","628.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":110.6601,"y":628.0600000000001}
{"page":112,"change":"none","str":"He is really excited to go on vacation. ","dir":"ltr","width":"202.43","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","288.77","628.06"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":288.7701,"y":628.0600000000001}
{"page":112,"change":"none","str":" (transitive verb) means to place. This is a transitive verb and requires a direct object ","dir":"ltr","width":"451.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","90.74","588.34"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":90.7441,"y":588.3402}
{"page":112,"change":"none","str":"in order to complete its meaning. ","dir":"ltr","width":"177.42","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","574.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":574.66}
{"page":112,"change":"none","str":"Sarah set the table for dinner. ","dir":"ltr","width":"161.25","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","249.65","574.66"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":249.6498,"y":574.66}
{"page":112,"change":"none","str":" (intransitive verb) means to rest. This is an intransitive verb and is often followed by ","dir":"ltr","width":"448.46","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","87.38","560.74"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":87.384,"y":560.7397}
{"page":112,"change":"none","str":"Dave likes to sit in a recliner. Please sit down at the table.","dir":"ltr","width":"305.98","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","196.85","547.06"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":196.8498,"y":547.06}
{"page":112,"change":"none","str":" (contraction of the verb should and have) ","dir":"ltr","width":"224.85","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","203.93","507.43"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":203.92980000000006,"y":507.4299}
{"page":112,"change":"none","str":"I should have gone ","dir":"ltr","width":"104.74","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","428.95","507.43"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":428.9498000000001,"y":507.4299}
{"page":112,"change":"none","str":"to bed earlier. ","dir":"ltr","width":"76.70","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","493.63"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":72.0238,"y":493.63}
{"page":112,"change":"none","str":" (always incorrect) It sounds like ","dir":"ltr","width":"173.98","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","127.34","479.83"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":127.3398,"y":479.83}
{"page":112,"change":"none","str":" when it is spoken, but","dir":"ltr","width":"118.80","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","352.03","479.83"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":352.03,"y":479.83}
{"page":112,"change":"none","str":" should of","dir":"ltr","width":"52.01","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","470.98","479.83"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":470.97999999999996,"y":479.83}
{"page":112,"change":"none","str":" is ","dir":"ltr","width":"15.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","522.94","479.83"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":522.9398,"y":479.83}
{"page":112,"change":"none","str":" (adjective) means standing still. ","dir":"ltr","width":"174.07","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","130.58","438.43"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":130.57999999999998,"y":438.42990000000003}
{"page":112,"change":"none","str":"Fred rode the stationary bike at the gym. ","dir":"ltr","width":"218.69","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","304.85","438.43"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":304.85,"y":438.42990000000003}
{"page":112,"change":"none","str":" (noun) refers to paper. ","dir":"ltr","width":"126.25","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","130.58","424.63"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":130.57999999999998,"y":424.63}
{"page":112,"change":"none","str":"Mary wrote a letter on fancy stationery.","dir":"ltr","width":"206.63","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","256.97","424.63"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":256.96999999999997,"y":424.63}
{"page":112,"change":"none","str":"in stationery is for “envelope","dir":"ltr","width":"149.95","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","140.18","410.71"],"fontName":"FOKXYD+Arial","x":140.18009,"y":410.71}
{"page":112,"change":"none","str":" When you write a letter on stationery, you ","dir":"ltr","width":"227.14","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","297.65","410.71"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":297.65002000000004,"y":410.71}
{"page":112,"change":"none","str":"need to mail it in an envelope. ","dir":"ltr","width":"162.67","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","396.91"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0238,"y":396.91}
{"page":112,"change":"none","str":" (adjective) means certain. ","dir":"ltr","width":"143.98","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","98.78","369.41"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":98.78399999999999,"y":369.41}
{"page":112,"change":"none","str":"She is sure that she wants to go on vacation.","dir":"ltr","width":"238.58","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","242.81","369.41"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":242.81,"y":369.41}
{"page":112,"change":"none","str":" (adverb) means undoubtedly or certainly","dir":"ltr","width":"218.30","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.62","355.61"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.6199,"y":355.61}
{"page":112,"change":"none","str":"Michael Phelps will surely win the gold ","dir":"ltr","width":"207.44","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","333.55","355.61"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":333.54982,"y":355.61}
{"page":112,"change":"none","str":" (conjunction) is used to compare things. ","dir":"ltr","width":"218.69","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","100.70","300.41"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":100.69999999999999,"y":300.40999999999997}
{"page":112,"change":"none","str":"I like coffee more than tea. ","dir":"ltr","width":"144.68","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","319.63","300.41"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":319.63,"y":300.40999999999997}
{"page":112,"change":"none","str":" (adverb) refers to time. ","dir":"ltr","width":"128.03","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","100.70","286.61"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":100.69999999999999,"y":286.61}
{"page":112,"change":"none","str":"We grabbed coffee and then we went for a walk.","dir":"ltr","width":"256.68","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","228.77","286.61"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":228.76999999999998,"y":286.61}
{"page":112,"change":"none","str":" (adverb) means in that place. ","dir":"ltr","width":"161.95","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","104.78","259.01"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":104.7801,"y":259.0101}
{"page":112,"change":"none","str":"I put my keys over there. ","dir":"ltr","width":"134.61","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","266.81","259.01"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":266.81010000000003,"y":259.0101}
{"page":112,"change":"none","str":" (contraction of the words ","dir":"ltr","width":"138.12","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","114.62","245.21"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":114.6199,"y":245.21}
{"page":112,"change":"none","str":" have ownership or possession of ","dir":"ltr","width":"181.27","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","306.29","231.41"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":306.2896,"y":231.41}
{"page":112,"change":"none","str":"Their car needed new tires. ","dir":"ltr","width":"148.64","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","134.18","217.61"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":134.18009999999998,"y":217.61}
{"page":112,"change":"none","str":" (preposition) means in a direction toward. ","dir":"ltr","width":"226.70","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","86.66","177.98"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":86.66429999999994,"y":177.97990000000004}
{"page":112,"change":"none","str":"Sarah is going to the store.","dir":"ltr","width":"143.37","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","313.61","177.98"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":313.61029999999994,"y":177.97990000000004}
{"page":112,"change":"none","str":" (adverb) means in addition to or also.","dir":"ltr","width":"201.39","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","93.98","164.18"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":93.984,"y":164.18}
{"page":112,"change":"none","str":" Dave wants to go too. ","dir":"ltr","width":"122.61","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","295.61","164.18"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":295.61,"y":164.18}
{"page":112,"change":"none","str":" (verb) plural, past tense of the verb ","dir":"ltr","width":"192.66","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","101.42","124.58"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":101.4199,"y":124.5801}
{"page":112,"change":"none","str":"Fred and Mary were at the concert.","dir":"ltr","width":"186.67","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","314.21","124.58"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":314.2102,"y":124.5801}
{"page":112,"change":"none","str":" (conjunction of the words ","dir":"ltr","width":"139.92","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","104.78","110.78"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":104.7801,"y":110.78}
{"page":112,"change":"none","str":"We’re going to the concert too. ","dir":"ltr","width":"166.57","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","288.17","110.78"],"fontName":"NYNMFO+Arial,Italic","x":288.17,"y":110.78}
{"page":112,"change":"none","str":" (adverb) refers to a location. ","dir":"ltr","width":"156.68","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","108.74","96.98"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":108.7398,"y":96.984}
{"page":112,"change":"none","str":"Where are we going next?","dir":"ltr","width":"139.98","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","265.49","96.98"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":265.4898,"y":96.984}
{"page":113,"change":"none","str":" (contraction of the verb would and have) ","dir":"ltr","width":"220.64","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","196.13","709.08"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":196.12989999999996,"y":709.08}
{"page":113,"change":"none","str":"I would have called ","dir":"ltr","width":"105.37","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","416.95","709.08"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":416.94989999999996,"y":709.08}
{"page":113,"change":"none","str":"earlier, but I lost your number. ","dir":"ltr","width":"162.57","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","695.26"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":72.0238,"y":695.26}
{"page":113,"change":"none","str":" (always incorrect) It sounds like ","dir":"ltr","width":"174.09","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","123.38","681.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":123.3801,"y":681.46}
{"page":113,"change":"none","str":" when it is spoken, but ","dir":"ltr","width":"122.12","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","344.11","681.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":344.1102,"y":681.46}
{"page":113,"change":"none","str":" is ","dir":"ltr","width":"15.36","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","511.06","681.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":511.0604,"y":681.46}
{"page":113,"change":"none","str":" (pronoun) means that it belongs to you. Your shows possession. ","dir":"ltr","width":"348.03","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","99.26","628.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":99.264,"y":628.0603}
{"page":113,"change":"none","str":"Your shoes are ","dir":"ltr","width":"84.62","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","447.70","628.06"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":447.7,"y":628.0603}
{"page":113,"change":"none","str":"by the front door. ","dir":"ltr","width":"94.10","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","614.26"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":72.0238,"y":614.26}
{"page":113,"change":"none","str":" (contraction of the pronoun ","dir":"ltr","width":"150.11","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","109.34","600.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":109.3398,"y":600.46}
{"page":113,"change":"none","str":"and the verb ","dir":"ltr","width":"69.98","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","282.17","600.46"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":282.1696,"y":600.46}
{"page":113,"change":"none","str":"You’re going to be late. You’re ","dir":"ltr","width":"164.46","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","376.99","600.46"],"fontName":"NYNMFO+Arial,Italic","x":376.98951999999997,"y":600.46}
{"page":113,"change":"none","str":"the fastest runner on the team. ","dir":"ltr","width":"166.61","height":"12.00","transform":["12.00","0.00","0.00","12.00","72.02","586.66"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":72.0238,"y":586.66}
{"page":113,"change":"none","str":"Why Is Important to Use Correct Grammar?","dir":"ltr","width":"212.77","height":"11.04","transform":["11.04","0.00","0.00","11.04","140.54","224.33"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":140.53979999999999,"y":224.33}
{"page":113,"change":"none","str":"Camp, Sue and Marilyn Satterwhite. ","dir":"ltr","width":"179.15","height":"11.04","transform":["11.04","0.00","0.00","11.04","72.02","185.18"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02399999999994,"y":185.18}
{"page":113,"change":"none","str":"College English and Business Communication.","dir":"ltr","width":"227.93","height":"11.04","transform":["11.04","0.00","0.00","11.04","251.33","185.18"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":251.32999999999996,"y":185.18}
{"page":113,"change":"none","str":" New York: ","dir":"ltr","width":"56.81","height":"11.04","transform":["11.04","0.00","0.00","11.04","479.38","185.18"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":479.38,"y":185.18}
{"page":113,"change":"none","str":"The Chicago Manual of Style","dir":"ltr","width":"141.25","height":"11.04","transform":["11.04","0.00","0.00","11.04","72.02","146.06"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":72.024,"y":146.0601}
{"page":113,"change":"none","str":" ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003. ","dir":"ltr","width":"239.64","height":"11.04","transform":["11.04","0.00","0.00","11.04","237.53","146.06"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":237.53026,"y":146.0601}
{"page":113,"change":"none","str":"Chun, Janean. \"Kyle Wiens Of IFixit Won't Hire The Grammatically Chall","dir":"ltr","width":"351.82","height":"11.04","transform":["11.04","0.00","0.00","11.04","72.02","121.58"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02426,"y":121.58000000000001}
{"page":114,"change":"none","str":"Clark, James L. and Lyn R. Clark. ","dir":"ltr","width":"167.49","height":"11.04","transform":["11.04","0.00","0.00","11.04","72.02","709.80"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02389999999997,"y":709.8000000000001}
{"page":114,"change":"none","str":"How 13: A Handbook for Office Professionals.","dir":"ltr","width":"223.65","height":"11.04","transform":["11.04","0.00","0.00","11.04","239.69","709.80"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":239.68989999999997,"y":709.8000000000001}
{"page":114,"change":"none","str":"Covey, Steven R. ","dir":"ltr","width":"91.69","height":"11.04","transform":["11.04","0.00","0.00","11.04","72.02","670.66"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02389999999997,"y":670.6602}
{"page":114,"change":"none","str":"Style Guide for Business and Technical Communication: Tools for Highly","dir":"ltr","width":"354.01","height":"11.04","transform":["11.04","0.00","0.00","11.04","163.82","670.66"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":163.81999999999996,"y":670.6602}
{"page":114,"change":"none","str":" Salt Lake City: FranklinCovey Co., 2012.","dir":"ltr","width":"201.11","height":"11.04","transform":["11.04","0.00","0.00","11.04","232.85","656.14"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":232.84989999999996,"y":656.1403}
{"page":114,"change":"none","str":"Quick and Dirty Tips","dir":"ltr","width":"99.11","height":"11.04","transform":["11.04","0.00","0.00","11.04","268.85","631.54"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":268.84989999999993,"y":631.5399}
{"page":114,"change":"none","str":". N.p., 25 July 2013. Web. 08 Sept. ","dir":"ltr","width":"173.62","height":"11.04","transform":["11.04","0.00","0.00","11.04","367.99","631.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":367.9896999999999,"y":631.5399}
{"page":114,"change":"none","str":"Fogarty, Mignon. \"Do You Overuse \"Of\"?\" ","dir":"ltr","width":"206.50","height":"11.04","transform":["11.04","0.00","0.00","11.04","72.02","592.54"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.0236999999999,"y":592.5399}
{"page":114,"change":"none","str":"Quick and Dirty Tips","dir":"ltr","width":"99.00","height":"11.04","transform":["11.04","0.00","0.00","11.04","278.57","592.54"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":278.5696999999999,"y":592.5399}
{"page":114,"change":"none","str":"Grammar Girl’s Quick and Dirty Tips for Better Writing.","dir":"ltr","width":"265.13","height":"11.04","transform":["11.04","0.00","0.00","11.04","157.70","553.42"],"fontName":"NYNMFO+Arial,Italic","x":157.70010999999994,"y":553.42}
{"page":114,"change":"none","str":" New York: St.","dir":"ltr","width":"70.36","height":"11.04","transform":["11.04","0.00","0.00","11.04","422.95","553.42"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":422.95010999999994,"y":553.42}
{"page":114,"change":"none","str":"Grammar Girl Presents: The Ultimate Writing Guide for Students","dir":"ltr","width":"313.62","height":"11.04","transform":["11.04","0.00","0.00","11.04","157.70","514.27"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":157.70040999999992,"y":514.27}
{"page":114,"change":"none","str":". New York: ","dir":"ltr","width":"59.91","height":"11.04","transform":["11.04","0.00","0.00","11.04","471.46","514.27"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":471.4604099999999,"y":514.27}
{"page":114,"change":"none","str":"Fogarty, Mignon. \"Lay Versus Lie.\" ","dir":"ltr","width":"172.30","height":"11.04","transform":["11.04","0.00","0.00","11.04","72.02","475.15"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02470999999993,"y":475.15009999999995}
{"page":114,"change":"none","str":"Quick and Dirty Tips","dir":"ltr","width":"99.12","height":"11.04","transform":["11.04","0.00","0.00","11.04","244.37","475.15"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":244.37070999999992,"y":475.15009999999995}
{"page":114,"change":"none","str":"Fogarty, Mignon. \"Where Are You At?\" ","dir":"ltr","width":"191.38","height":"11.04","transform":["11.04","0.00","0.00","11.04","72.02","436.15"],"fontName":"XYXVPQ+Arial","x":72.02460999999994,"y":436.15009999999995}
{"page":114,"change":"none","str":"Quick and Dirty Tips","dir":"ltr","width":"99.09","height":"11.04","transform":["11.04","0.00","0.00","11.04","263.33","436.15"],"fontName":"WAGUYD+Arial,Italic","x":263.33061,"y":436.15009999999995}
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