rclone/rclone.1

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.TH "rclone" "1" "Jun 16, 2018" "User Manual" ""
.hy
.SH Rclone
.PP
[IMAGE: Logo (https://rclone.org/img/rclone-120x120.png)] (https://rclone.org/)
.PP
Rclone is a command line program to sync files and directories to and
from:
.IP \[bu] 2
Amazon Drive
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Amazon S3
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Backblaze B2
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Box
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Ceph
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DigitalOcean Spaces
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Dreamhost
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Dropbox
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FTP
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Google Cloud Storage
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Google Drive
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HTTP
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Hubic
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IBM COS S3
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Memset Memstore
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Mega
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Microsoft Azure Blob Storage
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Microsoft OneDrive
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Minio
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Nextcloud
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OVH
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OpenDrive
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Openstack Swift
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Oracle Cloud Storage
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ownCloud
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pCloud
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put.io
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QingStor
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Rackspace Cloud Files
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SFTP
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Wasabi
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WebDAV
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Yandex Disk
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The local filesystem
.PP
Features
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MD5/SHA1 hashes checked at all times for file integrity
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Timestamps preserved on files
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Partial syncs supported on a whole file basis
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Copy (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_copy/) mode to just copy
new/changed files
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Sync (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_sync/) (one way) mode to make a
directory identical
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Check (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_check/) mode to check for file
hash equality
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Can sync to and from network, eg two different cloud accounts
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Optional encryption (Crypt (https://rclone.org/crypt/))
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Optional cache (Cache (https://rclone.org/cache/))
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Optional FUSE mount (rclone
mount (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_mount/))
.PP
Links
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Home page (https://rclone.org/)
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Github project page for source and bug
tracker (https://github.com/ncw/rclone)
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Rclone Forum (https://forum.rclone.org)
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Google+ page
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Downloads (https://rclone.org/downloads/)
.SH Install
.PP
Rclone is a Go program and comes as a single binary file.
.SS Quickstart
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Download (https://rclone.org/downloads/) the relevant binary.
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Unpack and the \f[C]rclone\f[] binary.
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Run \f[C]rclone\ config\f[] to setup.
See rclone config docs (https://rclone.org/docs/) for more details.
.PP
See below for some expanded Linux / macOS instructions.
.PP
See the Usage section (https://rclone.org/docs/) of the docs for how to
use rclone, or run \f[C]rclone\ \-h\f[].
.SS Script installation
.PP
To install rclone on Linux/macOS/BSD systems, run:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
curl\ https://rclone.org/install.sh\ |\ sudo\ bash
\f[]
.fi
.PP
For beta installation, run:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
curl\ https://rclone.org/install.sh\ |\ sudo\ bash\ \-s\ beta
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Note that this script checks the version of rclone installed first and
won\[aq]t re\-download if not needed.
.SS Linux installation from precompiled binary
.PP
Fetch and unpack
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
curl\ \-O\ https://downloads.rclone.org/rclone\-current\-linux\-amd64.zip
unzip\ rclone\-current\-linux\-amd64.zip
cd\ rclone\-*\-linux\-amd64
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Copy binary file
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
sudo\ cp\ rclone\ /usr/bin/
sudo\ chown\ root:root\ /usr/bin/rclone
sudo\ chmod\ 755\ /usr/bin/rclone
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Install manpage
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
sudo\ mkdir\ \-p\ /usr/local/share/man/man1
sudo\ cp\ rclone.1\ /usr/local/share/man/man1/
sudo\ mandb\ 
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Run \f[C]rclone\ config\f[] to setup.
See rclone config docs (https://rclone.org/docs/) for more details.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ config
\f[]
.fi
.SS macOS installation from precompiled binary
.PP
Download the latest version of rclone.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
cd\ &&\ curl\ \-O\ https://downloads.rclone.org/rclone\-current\-osx\-amd64.zip
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Unzip the download and cd to the extracted folder.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
unzip\ \-a\ rclone\-current\-osx\-amd64.zip\ &&\ cd\ rclone\-*\-osx\-amd64
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Move rclone to your $PATH.
You will be prompted for your password.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
sudo\ mkdir\ \-p\ /usr/local/bin
sudo\ mv\ rclone\ /usr/local/bin/
\f[]
.fi
.PP
(the \f[C]mkdir\f[] command is safe to run, even if the directory
already exists).
.PP
Remove the leftover files.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
cd\ ..\ &&\ rm\ \-rf\ rclone\-*\-osx\-amd64\ rclone\-current\-osx\-amd64.zip
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Run \f[C]rclone\ config\f[] to setup.
See rclone config docs (https://rclone.org/docs/) for more details.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ config
\f[]
.fi
.SS Install from source
.PP
Make sure you have at least Go (https://golang.org/) 1.6 installed.
Make sure your \f[C]GOPATH\f[] is set, then:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
go\ get\ \-u\ \-v\ github.com/ncw/rclone
\f[]
.fi
.PP
and this will build the binary in \f[C]$GOPATH/bin\f[].
If you have built rclone before then you will want to update its
dependencies first with this
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
go\ get\ \-u\ \-v\ github.com/ncw/rclone/...
\f[]
.fi
.SS Installation with Ansible
.PP
This can be done with Stefan Weichinger\[aq]s ansible
role (https://github.com/stefangweichinger/ansible-rclone).
.PP
Instructions
.IP "1." 3
\f[C]git\ clone\ https://github.com/stefangweichinger/ansible\-rclone.git\f[]
into your local roles\-directory
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add the role to the hosts you want rclone installed to:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \ \ \-\ hosts:\ rclone\-hosts
\ \ \ \ \ \ roles:
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-\ rclone
\f[]
.fi
.SS Configure
.PP
First, you\[aq]ll need to configure rclone.
As the object storage systems have quite complicated authentication
these are kept in a config file.
(See the \f[C]\-\-config\f[] entry for how to find the config file and
choose its location.)
.PP
The easiest way to make the config is to run rclone with the config
option:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ config
\f[]
.fi
.PP
See the following for detailed instructions for
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Alias (https://rclone.org/alias/)
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Amazon Drive (https://rclone.org/amazonclouddrive/)
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Amazon S3 (https://rclone.org/s3/)
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Backblaze B2 (https://rclone.org/b2/)
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Box (https://rclone.org/box/)
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Cache (https://rclone.org/cache/)
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Crypt (https://rclone.org/crypt/) \- to encrypt other remotes
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DigitalOcean Spaces (/s3/#digitalocean-spaces)
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Dropbox (https://rclone.org/dropbox/)
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FTP (https://rclone.org/ftp/)
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Google Cloud Storage (https://rclone.org/googlecloudstorage/)
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Google Drive (https://rclone.org/drive/)
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HTTP (https://rclone.org/http/)
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Hubic (https://rclone.org/hubic/)
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Mega (https://rclone.org/mega/)
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Microsoft Azure Blob Storage (https://rclone.org/azureblob/)
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Microsoft OneDrive (https://rclone.org/onedrive/)
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Openstack Swift / Rackspace Cloudfiles / Memset
Memstore (https://rclone.org/swift/)
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OpenDrive (https://rclone.org/opendrive/)
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Pcloud (https://rclone.org/pcloud/)
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QingStor (https://rclone.org/qingstor/)
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SFTP (https://rclone.org/sftp/)
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WebDAV (https://rclone.org/webdav/)
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Yandex Disk (https://rclone.org/yandex/)
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The local filesystem (https://rclone.org/local/)
.SS Usage
.PP
Rclone syncs a directory tree from one storage system to another.
.PP
Its syntax is like this
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
Syntax:\ [options]\ subcommand\ <parameters>\ <parameters...>
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Source and destination paths are specified by the name you gave the
storage system in the config file then the sub path, eg "drive:myfolder"
to look at "myfolder" in Google drive.
.PP
You can define as many storage paths as you like in the config file.
.SS Subcommands
.PP
rclone uses a system of subcommands.
For example
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ ls\ remote:path\ #\ lists\ a\ re
rclone\ copy\ /local/path\ remote:path\ #\ copies\ /local/path\ to\ the\ remote
rclone\ sync\ /local/path\ remote:path\ #\ syncs\ /local/path\ to\ the\ remote
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone config
.PP
Enter an interactive configuration session.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
Enter an interactive configuration session where you can setup new
remotes and manage existing ones.
You may also set or remove a password to protect your configuration.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ config\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ help\ for\ config
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone copy
.PP
Copy files from source to dest, skipping already copied
.SS Synopsis
.PP
Copy the source to the destination.
Doesn\[aq]t transfer unchanged files, testing by size and modification
time or MD5SUM.
Doesn\[aq]t delete files from the destination.
.PP
Note that it is always the contents of the directory that is synced, not
the directory so when source:path is a directory, it\[aq]s the contents
of source:path that are copied, not the directory name and contents.
.PP
If dest:path doesn\[aq]t exist, it is created and the source:path
contents go there.
.PP
For example
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ copy\ source:sourcepath\ dest:destpath
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Let\[aq]s say there are two files in sourcepath
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
sourcepath/one.txt
sourcepath/two.txt
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This copies them to
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
destpath/one.txt
destpath/two.txt
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Not to
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
destpath/sourcepath/one.txt
destpath/sourcepath/two.txt
\f[]
.fi
.PP
If you are familiar with \f[C]rsync\f[], rclone always works as if you
had written a trailing / \- meaning "copy the contents of this
directory".
This applies to all commands and whether you are talking about the
source or destination.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ copy\ source:path\ dest:path\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ help\ for\ copy
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone sync
.PP
Make source and dest identical, modifying destination only.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
Sync the source to the destination, changing the destination only.
Doesn\[aq]t transfer unchanged files, testing by size and modification
time or MD5SUM.
Destination is updated to match source, including deleting files if
necessary.
.PP
\f[B]Important\f[]: Since this can cause data loss, test first with the
\f[C]\-\-dry\-run\f[] flag to see exactly what would be copied and
deleted.
.PP
Note that files in the destination won\[aq]t be deleted if there were
any errors at any point.
.PP
It is always the contents of the directory that is synced, not the
directory so when source:path is a directory, it\[aq]s the contents of
source:path that are copied, not the directory name and contents.
See extended explanation in the \f[C]copy\f[] command above if unsure.
.PP
If dest:path doesn\[aq]t exist, it is created and the source:path
contents go there.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ sync\ source:path\ dest:path\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ help\ for\ sync
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone move
.PP
Move files from source to dest.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
Moves the contents of the source directory to the destination directory.
Rclone will error if the source and destination overlap and the remote
does not support a server side directory move operation.
.PP
If no filters are in use and if possible this will server side move
\f[C]source:path\f[] into \f[C]dest:path\f[].
After this \f[C]source:path\f[] will no longer longer exist.
.PP
Otherwise for each file in \f[C]source:path\f[] selected by the filters
(if any) this will move it into \f[C]dest:path\f[].
If possible a server side move will be used, otherwise it will copy it
(server side if possible) into \f[C]dest:path\f[] then delete the
original (if no errors on copy) in \f[C]source:path\f[].
.PP
If you want to delete empty source directories after move, use the
\-\-delete\-empty\-src\-dirs flag.
.PP
\f[B]Important\f[]: Since this can cause data loss, test first with the
\-\-dry\-run flag.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ move\ source:path\ dest:path\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-delete\-empty\-src\-dirs\ \ \ Delete\ empty\ source\ dirs\ after\ move
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ help\ for\ move
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone delete
.PP
Remove the contents of path.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
Remove the contents of path.
Unlike \f[C]purge\f[] it obeys include/exclude filters so can be used to
selectively delete files.
.PP
Eg delete all files bigger than 100MBytes
.PP
Check what would be deleted first (use either)
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ \-\-min\-size\ 100M\ lsl\ remote:path
rclone\ \-\-dry\-run\ \-\-min\-size\ 100M\ delete\ remote:path
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Then delete
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ \-\-min\-size\ 100M\ delete\ remote:path
\f[]
.fi
.PP
That reads "delete everything with a minimum size of 100 MB", hence
delete all files bigger than 100MBytes.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ delete\ remote:path\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ help\ for\ delete
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone purge
.PP
Remove the path and all of its contents.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
Remove the path and all of its contents.
Note that this does not obey include/exclude filters \- everything will
be removed.
Use \f[C]delete\f[] if you want to selectively delete files.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ purge\ remote:path\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ help\ for\ purge
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone mkdir
.PP
Make the path if it doesn\[aq]t already exist.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
Make the path if it doesn\[aq]t already exist.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ mkdir\ remote:path\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ help\ for\ mkdir
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone rmdir
.PP
Remove the path if empty.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
Remove the path.
Note that you can\[aq]t remove a path with objects in it, use purge for
that.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ rmdir\ remote:path\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ help\ for\ rmdir
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone check
.PP
Checks the files in the source and destination match.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
Checks the files in the source and destination match.
It compares sizes and hashes (MD5 or SHA1) and logs a report of files
which don\[aq]t match.
It doesn\[aq]t alter the source or destination.
.PP
If you supply the \-\-size\-only flag, it will only compare the sizes
not the hashes as well.
Use this for a quick check.
.PP
If you supply the \-\-download flag, it will download the data from both
remotes and check them against each other on the fly.
This can be useful for remotes that don\[aq]t support hashes or if you
really want to check all the data.
.PP
If you supply the \-\-one\-way flag, it will only check that files in
source match the files in destination, not the other way around.
Meaning extra files in destination that are not in the source will not
trigger an error.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ check\ source:path\ dest:path\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-download\ \ \ Check\ by\ downloading\ rather\ than\ with\ hash.
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ \ \ \ \ help\ for\ check
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-one\-way\ \ \ \ Check\ one\ way\ only,\ source\ files\ must\ exist\ on\ remote
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone ls
.PP
List the objects in the path with size and path.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
Lists the objects in the source path to standard output in a human
readable format with size and path.
Recurses by default.
.PP
Eg
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$\ rclone\ ls\ swift:bucket
\ \ \ \ 60295\ bevajer5jef
\ \ \ \ 90613\ canole
\ \ \ \ 94467\ diwogej7
\ \ \ \ 37600\ fubuwic
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Any of the filtering options can be applied to this commmand.
.PP
There are several related list commands
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]ls\f[] to list size and path of objects only
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]lsl\f[] to list modification time, size and path of objects only
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]lsd\f[] to list directories only
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]lsf\f[] to list objects and directories in easy to parse format
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]lsjson\f[] to list objects and directories in JSON format
.PP
\f[C]ls\f[],\f[C]lsl\f[],\f[C]lsd\f[] are designed to be human readable.
\f[C]lsf\f[] is designed to be human and machine readable.
\f[C]lsjson\f[] is designed to be machine readable.
.PP
Note that \f[C]ls\f[] and \f[C]lsl\f[] recurse by default \- use
"\-\-max\-depth 1" to stop the recursion.
.PP
The other list commands \f[C]lsd\f[],\f[C]lsf\f[],\f[C]lsjson\f[] do not
recurse by default \- use "\-R" to make them recurse.
.PP
Listing a non existent directory will produce an error except for
remotes which can\[aq]t have empty directories (eg s3, swift, gcs, etc
\- the bucket based remotes).
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ ls\ remote:path\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ help\ for\ ls
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone lsd
.PP
List all directories/containers/buckets in the path.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
Lists the directories in the source path to standard output.
Does not recurse by default.
Use the \-R flag to recurse.
.PP
This command lists the total size of the directory (if known, \-1 if
not), the modification time (if known, the current time if not), the
number of objects in the directory (if known, \-1 if not) and the name
of the directory, Eg
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$\ rclone\ lsd\ swift:
\ \ \ \ \ \ 494000\ 2018\-04\-26\ 08:43:20\ \ \ \ \ 10000\ 10000files
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 65\ 2018\-04\-26\ 08:43:20\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 1\ 1File
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Or
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$\ rclone\ lsd\ drive:test
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-1\ 2016\-10\-17\ 17:41:53\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-1\ 1000files
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-1\ 2017\-01\-03\ 14:40:54\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-1\ 2500files
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-1\ 2017\-07\-08\ 14:39:28\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-1\ 4000files
\f[]
.fi
.PP
If you just want the directory names use "rclone lsf \-\-dirs\-only".
.PP
Any of the filtering options can be applied to this commmand.
.PP
There are several related list commands
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]ls\f[] to list size and path of objects only
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]lsl\f[] to list modification time, size and path of objects only
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]lsd\f[] to list directories only
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]lsf\f[] to list objects and directories in easy to parse format
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]lsjson\f[] to list objects and directories in JSON format
.PP
\f[C]ls\f[],\f[C]lsl\f[],\f[C]lsd\f[] are designed to be human readable.
\f[C]lsf\f[] is designed to be human and machine readable.
\f[C]lsjson\f[] is designed to be machine readable.
.PP
Note that \f[C]ls\f[] and \f[C]lsl\f[] recurse by default \- use
"\-\-max\-depth 1" to stop the recursion.
.PP
The other list commands \f[C]lsd\f[],\f[C]lsf\f[],\f[C]lsjson\f[] do not
recurse by default \- use "\-R" to make them recurse.
.PP
Listing a non existent directory will produce an error except for
remotes which can\[aq]t have empty directories (eg s3, swift, gcs, etc
\- the bucket based remotes).
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ lsd\ remote:path\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ help\ for\ lsd
\ \ \-R,\ \-\-recursive\ \ \ Recurse\ into\ the\ listing.
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone lsl
.PP
List the objects in path with modification time, size and path.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
Lists the objects in the source path to standard output in a human
readable format with modification time, size and path.
Recurses by default.
.PP
Eg
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$\ rclone\ lsl\ swift:bucket
\ \ \ \ 60295\ 2016\-06\-25\ 18:55:41.062626927\ bevajer5jef
\ \ \ \ 90613\ 2016\-06\-25\ 18:55:43.302607074\ canole
\ \ \ \ 94467\ 2016\-06\-25\ 18:55:43.046609333\ diwogej7
\ \ \ \ 37600\ 2016\-06\-25\ 18:55:40.814629136\ fubuwic
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Any of the filtering options can be applied to this commmand.
.PP
There are several related list commands
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]ls\f[] to list size and path of objects only
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]lsl\f[] to list modification time, size and path of objects only
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]lsd\f[] to list directories only
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]lsf\f[] to list objects and directories in easy to parse format
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]lsjson\f[] to list objects and directories in JSON format
.PP
\f[C]ls\f[],\f[C]lsl\f[],\f[C]lsd\f[] are designed to be human readable.
\f[C]lsf\f[] is designed to be human and machine readable.
\f[C]lsjson\f[] is designed to be machine readable.
.PP
Note that \f[C]ls\f[] and \f[C]lsl\f[] recurse by default \- use
"\-\-max\-depth 1" to stop the recursion.
.PP
The other list commands \f[C]lsd\f[],\f[C]lsf\f[],\f[C]lsjson\f[] do not
recurse by default \- use "\-R" to make them recurse.
.PP
Listing a non existent directory will produce an error except for
remotes which can\[aq]t have empty directories (eg s3, swift, gcs, etc
\- the bucket based remotes).
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ lsl\ remote:path\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ help\ for\ lsl
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone md5sum
.PP
Produces an md5sum file for all the objects in the path.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
Produces an md5sum file for all the objects in the path.
This is in the same format as the standard md5sum tool produces.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ md5sum\ remote:path\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ help\ for\ md5sum
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone sha1sum
.PP
Produces an sha1sum file for all the objects in the path.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
Produces an sha1sum file for all the objects in the path.
This is in the same format as the standard sha1sum tool produces.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ sha1sum\ remote:path\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ help\ for\ sha1sum
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone size
.PP
Prints the total size and number of objects in remote:path.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
Prints the total size and number of objects in remote:path.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ size\ remote:path\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ help\ for\ size
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-json\ \ \ format\ output\ as\ JSON
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone version
.PP
Show the version number.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
Show the version number.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ version\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ help\ for\ version
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone cleanup
.PP
Clean up the remote if possible
.SS Synopsis
.PP
Clean up the remote if possible.
Empty the trash or delete old file versions.
Not supported by all remotes.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ cleanup\ remote:path\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ help\ for\ cleanup
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone dedupe
.PP
Interactively find duplicate files and delete/rename them.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
By default \f[C]dedupe\f[] interactively finds duplicate files and
offers to delete all but one or rename them to be different.
Only useful with Google Drive which can have duplicate file names.
.PP
In the first pass it will merge directories with the same name.
It will do this iteratively until all the identical directories have
been merged.
.PP
The \f[C]dedupe\f[] command will delete all but one of any identical
(same md5sum) files it finds without confirmation.
This means that for most duplicated files the \f[C]dedupe\f[] command
will not be interactive.
You can use \f[C]\-\-dry\-run\f[] to see what would happen without doing
anything.
.PP
Here is an example run.
.PP
Before \- with duplicates
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$\ rclone\ lsl\ drive:dupes
\ \ 6048320\ 2016\-03\-05\ 16:23:16.798000000\ one.txt
\ \ 6048320\ 2016\-03\-05\ 16:23:11.775000000\ one.txt
\ \ \ 564374\ 2016\-03\-05\ 16:23:06.731000000\ one.txt
\ \ 6048320\ 2016\-03\-05\ 16:18:26.092000000\ one.txt
\ \ 6048320\ 2016\-03\-05\ 16:22:46.185000000\ two.txt
\ \ 1744073\ 2016\-03\-05\ 16:22:38.104000000\ two.txt
\ \ \ 564374\ 2016\-03\-05\ 16:22:52.118000000\ two.txt
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Now the \f[C]dedupe\f[] session
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$\ rclone\ dedupe\ drive:dupes
2016/03/05\ 16:24:37\ Google\ drive\ root\ \[aq]dupes\[aq]:\ Looking\ for\ duplicates\ using\ interactive\ mode.
one.txt:\ Found\ 4\ duplicates\ \-\ deleting\ identical\ copies
one.txt:\ Deleting\ 2/3\ identical\ duplicates\ (md5sum\ "1eedaa9fe86fd4b8632e2ac549403b36")
one.txt:\ 2\ duplicates\ remain
\ \ 1:\ \ \ \ \ \ 6048320\ bytes,\ 2016\-03\-05\ 16:23:16.798000000,\ md5sum\ 1eedaa9fe86fd4b8632e2ac549403b36
\ \ 2:\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 564374\ bytes,\ 2016\-03\-05\ 16:23:06.731000000,\ md5sum\ 7594e7dc9fc28f727c42ee3e0749de81
s)\ Skip\ and\ do\ nothing
k)\ Keep\ just\ one\ (choose\ which\ in\ next\ step)
r)\ Rename\ all\ to\ be\ different\ (by\ changing\ file.jpg\ to\ file\-1.jpg)
s/k/r>\ k
Enter\ the\ number\ of\ the\ file\ to\ keep>\ 1
one.txt:\ Deleted\ 1\ extra\ copies
two.txt:\ Found\ 3\ duplicates\ \-\ deleting\ identical\ copies
two.txt:\ 3\ duplicates\ remain
\ \ 1:\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 564374\ bytes,\ 2016\-03\-05\ 16:22:52.118000000,\ md5sum\ 7594e7dc9fc28f727c42ee3e0749de81
\ \ 2:\ \ \ \ \ \ 6048320\ bytes,\ 2016\-03\-05\ 16:22:46.185000000,\ md5sum\ 1eedaa9fe86fd4b8632e2ac549403b36
\ \ 3:\ \ \ \ \ \ 1744073\ bytes,\ 2016\-03\-05\ 16:22:38.104000000,\ md5sum\ 851957f7fb6f0bc4ce76be966d336802
s)\ Skip\ and\ do\ nothing
k)\ Keep\ just\ one\ (choose\ which\ in\ next\ step)
r)\ Rename\ all\ to\ be\ different\ (by\ changing\ file.jpg\ to\ file\-1.jpg)
s/k/r>\ r
two\-1.txt:\ renamed\ from:\ two.txt
two\-2.txt:\ renamed\ from:\ two.txt
two\-3.txt:\ renamed\ from:\ two.txt
\f[]
.fi
.PP
The result being
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$\ rclone\ lsl\ drive:dupes
\ \ 6048320\ 2016\-03\-05\ 16:23:16.798000000\ one.txt
\ \ \ 564374\ 2016\-03\-05\ 16:22:52.118000000\ two\-1.txt
\ \ 6048320\ 2016\-03\-05\ 16:22:46.185000000\ two\-2.txt
\ \ 1744073\ 2016\-03\-05\ 16:22:38.104000000\ two\-3.txt
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Dedupe can be run non interactively using the \f[C]\-\-dedupe\-mode\f[]
flag or by using an extra parameter with the same value
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-dedupe\-mode\ interactive\f[] \- interactive as above.
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-dedupe\-mode\ skip\f[] \- removes identical files then skips
anything left.
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-dedupe\-mode\ first\f[] \- removes identical files then keeps
the first one.
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-dedupe\-mode\ newest\f[] \- removes identical files then keeps
the newest one.
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-dedupe\-mode\ oldest\f[] \- removes identical files then keeps
the oldest one.
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-dedupe\-mode\ largest\f[] \- removes identical files then keeps
the largest one.
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-dedupe\-mode\ rename\f[] \- removes identical files then
renames the rest to be different.
.PP
For example to rename all the identically named photos in your Google
Photos directory, do
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ dedupe\ \-\-dedupe\-mode\ rename\ "drive:Google\ Photos"
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Or
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ dedupe\ rename\ "drive:Google\ Photos"
\f[]
.fi
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ dedupe\ [mode]\ remote:path\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-dedupe\-mode\ string\ \ \ Dedupe\ mode\ interactive|skip|first|newest|oldest|rename.\ (default\ "interactive")
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ help\ for\ dedupe
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone about
.PP
Get quota information from the remote.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
Get quota information from the remote, like bytes used/free/quota and
bytes used in the trash.
Not supported by all remotes.
.PP
This will print to stdout something like this:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
Total:\ \ \ 17G
Used:\ \ \ \ 7.444G
Free:\ \ \ \ 1.315G
Trashed:\ 100.000M
Other:\ \ \ 8.241G
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Where the fields are:
.IP \[bu] 2
Total: total size available.
.IP \[bu] 2
Used: total size used
.IP \[bu] 2
Free: total amount this user could upload.
.IP \[bu] 2
Trashed: total amount in the trash
.IP \[bu] 2
Other: total amount in other storage (eg Gmail, Google Photos)
.IP \[bu] 2
Objects: total number of objects in the storage
.PP
Note that not all the backends provide all the fields \- they will be
missing if they are not known for that backend.
Where it is known that the value is unlimited the value will also be
omitted.
.PP
Use the \-\-full flag to see the numbers written out in full, eg
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
Total:\ \ \ 18253611008
Used:\ \ \ \ 7993453766
Free:\ \ \ \ 1411001220
Trashed:\ 104857602
Other:\ \ \ 8849156022
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Use the \-\-json flag for a computer readable output, eg
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
{
\ \ \ \ "total":\ 18253611008,
\ \ \ \ "used":\ 7993453766,
\ \ \ \ "trashed":\ 104857602,
\ \ \ \ "other":\ 8849156022,
\ \ \ \ "free":\ 1411001220
}
\f[]
.fi
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ about\ remote:\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-full\ \ \ Full\ numbers\ instead\ of\ SI\ units
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ help\ for\ about
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-json\ \ \ Format\ output\ as\ JSON
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone authorize
.PP
Remote authorization.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
Remote authorization.
Used to authorize a remote or headless rclone from a machine with a
browser \- use as instructed by rclone config.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ authorize\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ help\ for\ authorize
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone cachestats
.PP
Print cache stats for a remote
.SS Synopsis
.PP
Print cache stats for a remote in JSON format
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ cachestats\ source:\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ help\ for\ cachestats
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone cat
.PP
Concatenates any files and sends them to stdout.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
rclone cat sends any files to standard output.
.PP
You can use it like this to output a single file
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ cat\ remote:path/to/file
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Or like this to output any file in dir or subdirectories.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ cat\ remote:path/to/dir
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Or like this to output any .txt files in dir or subdirectories.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ \-\-include\ "*.txt"\ cat\ remote:path/to/dir
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Use the \-\-head flag to print characters only at the start, \-\-tail
for the end and \-\-offset and \-\-count to print a section in the
middle.
Note that if offset is negative it will count from the end, so
\-\-offset \-1 \-\-count 1 is equivalent to \-\-tail 1.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ cat\ remote:path\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-count\ int\ \ \ \ Only\ print\ N\ characters.\ (default\ \-1)
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-discard\ \ \ \ \ \ Discard\ the\ output\ instead\ of\ printing.
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-head\ int\ \ \ \ \ Only\ print\ the\ first\ N\ characters.
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ help\ for\ cat
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-offset\ int\ \ \ Start\ printing\ at\ offset\ N\ (or\ from\ end\ if\ \-ve).
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-tail\ int\ \ \ \ \ Only\ print\ the\ last\ N\ characters.
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone config create
.PP
Create a new remote with name, type and options.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
Create a new remote of with and options.
The options should be passed in in pairs of .
.PP
For example to make a swift remote of name myremote using auto config
you would do:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ config\ create\ myremote\ swift\ env_auth\ true
\f[]
.fi
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ config\ create\ <name>\ <type>\ [<key>\ <value>]*\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ help\ for\ create
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone config delete
.PP
Delete an existing remote .
.SS Synopsis
.PP
Delete an existing remote .
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ config\ delete\ <name>\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ help\ for\ delete
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone config dump
.PP
Dump the config file as JSON.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
Dump the config file as JSON.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ config\ dump\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ help\ for\ dump
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone config edit
.PP
Enter an interactive configuration session.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
Enter an interactive configuration session where you can setup new
remotes and manage existing ones.
You may also set or remove a password to protect your configuration.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ config\ edit\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ help\ for\ edit
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone config file
.PP
Show path of configuration file in use.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
Show path of configuration file in use.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ config\ file\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ help\ for\ file
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone config password
.PP
Update password in an existing remote.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
Update an existing remote\[aq]s password.
The password should be passed in in pairs of .
.PP
For example to set password of a remote of name myremote you would do:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ config\ password\ myremote\ fieldname\ mypassword
\f[]
.fi
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ config\ password\ <name>\ [<key>\ <value>]+\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ help\ for\ password
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone config providers
.PP
List in JSON format all the providers and options.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
List in JSON format all the providers and options.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ config\ providers\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ help\ for\ providers
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone config show
.PP
Print (decrypted) config file, or the config for a single remote.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
Print (decrypted) config file, or the config for a single remote.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ config\ show\ [<remote>]\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ help\ for\ show
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone config update
.PP
Update options in an existing remote.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
Update an existing remote\[aq]s options.
The options should be passed in in pairs of .
.PP
For example to update the env_auth field of a remote of name myremote
you would do:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ config\ update\ myremote\ swift\ env_auth\ true
\f[]
.fi
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ config\ update\ <name>\ [<key>\ <value>]+\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ help\ for\ update
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone copyto
.PP
Copy files from source to dest, skipping already copied
.SS Synopsis
.PP
If source:path is a file or directory then it copies it to a file or
directory named dest:path.
.PP
This can be used to upload single files to other than their current
name.
If the source is a directory then it acts exactly like the copy command.
.PP
So
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ copyto\ src\ dst
\f[]
.fi
.PP
where src and dst are rclone paths, either remote:path or /path/to/local
or C:.
.PP
This will:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
if\ src\ is\ file
\ \ \ \ copy\ it\ to\ dst,\ overwriting\ an\ existing\ file\ if\ it\ exists
if\ src\ is\ directory
\ \ \ \ copy\ it\ to\ dst,\ overwriting\ existing\ files\ if\ they\ exist
\ \ \ \ see\ copy\ command\ for\ full\ details
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This doesn\[aq]t transfer unchanged files, testing by size and
modification time or MD5SUM.
It doesn\[aq]t delete files from the destination.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ copyto\ source:path\ dest:path\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ help\ for\ copyto
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone cryptcheck
.PP
Cryptcheck checks the integrity of a crypted remote.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
rclone cryptcheck checks a remote against a crypted remote.
This is the equivalent of running rclone check, but able to check the
checksums of the crypted remote.
.PP
For it to work the underlying remote of the cryptedremote must support
some kind of checksum.
.PP
It works by reading the nonce from each file on the cryptedremote: and
using that to encrypt each file on the remote:.
It then checks the checksum of the underlying file on the cryptedremote:
against the checksum of the file it has just encrypted.
.PP
Use it like this
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ cryptcheck\ /path/to/files\ encryptedremote:path
\f[]
.fi
.PP
You can use it like this also, but that will involve downloading all the
files in remote:path.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ cryptcheck\ remote:path\ encryptedremote:path
\f[]
.fi
.PP
After it has run it will log the status of the encryptedremote:.
.PP
If you supply the \-\-one\-way flag, it will only check that files in
source match the files in destination, not the other way around.
Meaning extra files in destination that are not in the source will not
trigger an error.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ cryptcheck\ remote:path\ cryptedremote:path\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ \ \ \ help\ for\ cryptcheck
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-one\-way\ \ \ Check\ one\ way\ only,\ source\ files\ must\ exist\ on\ destination
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone cryptdecode
.PP
Cryptdecode returns unencrypted file names.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
rclone cryptdecode returns unencrypted file names when provided with a
list of encrypted file names.
List limit is 10 items.
.PP
If you supply the \-\-reverse flag, it will return encrypted file names.
.PP
use it like this
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ cryptdecode\ encryptedremote:\ encryptedfilename1\ encryptedfilename2

rclone\ cryptdecode\ \-\-reverse\ encryptedremote:\ filename1\ filename2
\f[]
.fi
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ cryptdecode\ encryptedremote:\ encryptedfilename\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ \ \ \ help\ for\ cryptdecode
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-reverse\ \ \ Reverse\ cryptdecode,\ encrypts\ filenames
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone dbhashsum
.PP
Produces a Dropbox hash file for all the objects in the path.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
Produces a Dropbox hash file for all the objects in the path.
The hashes are calculated according to Dropbox content hash
rules (https://www.dropbox.com/developers/reference/content-hash).
The output is in the same format as md5sum and sha1sum.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ dbhashsum\ remote:path\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ help\ for\ dbhashsum
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone deletefile
.PP
Remove a single file path from remote.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
Remove a single file path from remote.
Unlike \f[C]delete\f[] it cannot be used to remove a directory and it
doesn\[aq]t obey include/exclude filters \- if the specified file
exists, it will always be removed.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ deletefile\ remote:path\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ help\ for\ deletefile
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone genautocomplete
.PP
Output completion script for a given shell.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
Generates a shell completion script for rclone.
Run with \-\-help to list the supported shells.
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ help\ for\ genautocomplete
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone genautocomplete bash
.PP
Output bash completion script for rclone.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
Generates a bash shell autocompletion script for rclone.
.PP
This writes to /etc/bash_completion.d/rclone by default so will probably
need to be run with sudo or as root, eg
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
sudo\ rclone\ genautocomplete\ bash
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Logout and login again to use the autocompletion scripts, or source them
directly
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\&.\ /etc/bash_completion
\f[]
.fi
.PP
If you supply a command line argument the script will be written there.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ genautocomplete\ bash\ [output_file]\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ help\ for\ bash
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone genautocomplete zsh
.PP
Output zsh completion script for rclone.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
Generates a zsh autocompletion script for rclone.
.PP
This writes to /usr/share/zsh/vendor\-completions/_rclone by default so
will probably need to be run with sudo or as root, eg
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
sudo\ rclone\ genautocomplete\ zsh
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Logout and login again to use the autocompletion scripts, or source them
directly
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
autoload\ \-U\ compinit\ &&\ compinit
\f[]
.fi
.PP
If you supply a command line argument the script will be written there.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ genautocomplete\ zsh\ [output_file]\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ help\ for\ zsh
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone gendocs
.PP
Output markdown docs for rclone to the directory supplied.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
This produces markdown docs for the rclone commands to the directory
supplied.
These are in a format suitable for hugo to render into the rclone.org
website.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ gendocs\ output_directory\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ help\ for\ gendocs
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone hashsum
.PP
Produces an hashsum file for all the objects in the path.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
Produces a hash file for all the objects in the path using the hash
named.
The output is in the same format as the standard md5sum/sha1sum tool.
.PP
Run without a hash to see the list of supported hashes, eg
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$\ rclone\ hashsum
Supported\ hashes\ are:
\ \ *\ MD5
\ \ *\ SHA\-1
\ \ *\ DropboxHash
\ \ *\ QuickXorHash
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Then
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$\ rclone\ hashsum\ MD5\ remote:path
\f[]
.fi
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ hashsum\ <hash>\ remote:path\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ help\ for\ hashsum
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone link
.PP
Generate public link to file/folder.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
rclone link will create or retrieve a public link to the given file or
folder.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ link\ remote:path/to/file
rclone\ link\ remote:path/to/folder/
\f[]
.fi
.PP
If successful, the last line of the output will contain the link.
Exact capabilities depend on the remote, but the link will always be
created with the least constraints \[en] e.g.
no expiry, no password protection, accessible without account.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ link\ remote:path\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ help\ for\ link
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone listremotes
.PP
List all the remotes in the config file.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
rclone listremotes lists all the available remotes from the config file.
.PP
When uses with the \-l flag it lists the types too.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ listremotes\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ help\ for\ listremotes
\ \ \-l,\ \-\-long\ \ \ Show\ the\ type\ as\ well\ as\ names.
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone lsf
.PP
List directories and objects in remote:path formatted for parsing
.SS Synopsis
.PP
List the contents of the source path (directories and objects) to
standard output in a form which is easy to parse by scripts.
By default this will just be the names of the objects and directories,
one per line.
The directories will have a / suffix.
.PP
Eg
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$\ rclone\ lsf\ swift:bucket
bevajer5jef
canole
diwogej7
ferejej3gux/
fubuwic
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Use the \-\-format option to control what gets listed.
By default this is just the path, but you can use these parameters to
control the output:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
p\ \-\ path
s\ \-\ size
t\ \-\ modification\ time
h\ \-\ hash
i\ \-\ ID\ of\ object\ if\ known
m\ \-\ MimeType\ of\ object\ if\ known
\f[]
.fi
.PP
So if you wanted the path, size and modification time, you would use
\-\-format "pst", or maybe \-\-format "tsp" to put the path last.
.PP
Eg
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$\ rclone\ lsf\ \ \-\-format\ "tsp"\ swift:bucket
2016\-06\-25\ 18:55:41;60295;bevajer5jef
2016\-06\-25\ 18:55:43;90613;canole
2016\-06\-25\ 18:55:43;94467;diwogej7
2018\-04\-26\ 08:50:45;0;ferejej3gux/
2016\-06\-25\ 18:55:40;37600;fubuwic
\f[]
.fi
.PP
If you specify "h" in the format you will get the MD5 hash by default,
use the "\-\-hash" flag to change which hash you want.
Note that this can be returned as an empty string if it isn\[aq]t
available on the object (and for directories), "ERROR" if there was an
error reading it from the object and "UNSUPPORTED" if that object does
not support that hash type.
.PP
For example to emulate the md5sum command you can use
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ lsf\ \-R\ \-\-hash\ MD5\ \-\-format\ hp\ \-\-separator\ "\ \ "\ \-\-files\-only\ .
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Eg
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$\ rclone\ lsf\ \-R\ \-\-hash\ MD5\ \-\-format\ hp\ \-\-separator\ "\ \ "\ \-\-files\-only\ swift:bucket\ 
7908e352297f0f530b84a756f188baa3\ \ bevajer5jef
cd65ac234e6fea5925974a51cdd865cc\ \ canole
03b5341b4f234b9d984d03ad076bae91\ \ diwogej7
8fd37c3810dd660778137ac3a66cc06d\ \ fubuwic
99713e14a4c4ff553acaf1930fad985b\ \ gixacuh7ku
\f[]
.fi
.PP
(Though "rclone md5sum ." is an easier way of typing this.)
.PP
By default the separator is ";" this can be changed with the
\-\-separator flag.
Note that separators aren\[aq]t escaped in the path so putting it last
is a good strategy.
.PP
Eg
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$\ rclone\ lsf\ \ \-\-separator\ ","\ \-\-format\ "tshp"\ swift:bucket
2016\-06\-25\ 18:55:41,60295,7908e352297f0f530b84a756f188baa3,bevajer5jef
2016\-06\-25\ 18:55:43,90613,cd65ac234e6fea5925974a51cdd865cc,canole
2016\-06\-25\ 18:55:43,94467,03b5341b4f234b9d984d03ad076bae91,diwogej7
2018\-04\-26\ 08:52:53,0,,ferejej3gux/
2016\-06\-25\ 18:55:40,37600,8fd37c3810dd660778137ac3a66cc06d,fubuwic
\f[]
.fi
.PP
You can output in CSV standard format.
This will escape things in " if they contain ,
.PP
Eg
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$\ rclone\ lsf\ \-\-csv\ \-\-files\-only\ \-\-format\ ps\ remote:path
test.log,22355
test.sh,449
"this\ file\ contains\ a\ comma,\ in\ the\ file\ name.txt",6
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Note that the \-\-absolute parameter is useful for making lists of files
to pass to an rclone copy with the \-\-files\-from flag.
.PP
For example to find all the files modified within one day and copy those
only (without traversing the whole directory structure):
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ lsf\ \-\-absolute\ \-\-files\-only\ \-\-max\-age\ 1d\ /path/to/local\ >\ new_files
rclone\ copy\ \-\-files\-from\ new_files\ /path/to/local\ remote:path
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Any of the filtering options can be applied to this commmand.
.PP
There are several related list commands
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]ls\f[] to list size and path of objects only
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]lsl\f[] to list modification time, size and path of objects only
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]lsd\f[] to list directories only
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]lsf\f[] to list objects and directories in easy to parse format
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]lsjson\f[] to list objects and directories in JSON format
.PP
\f[C]ls\f[],\f[C]lsl\f[],\f[C]lsd\f[] are designed to be human readable.
\f[C]lsf\f[] is designed to be human and machine readable.
\f[C]lsjson\f[] is designed to be machine readable.
.PP
Note that \f[C]ls\f[] and \f[C]lsl\f[] recurse by default \- use
"\-\-max\-depth 1" to stop the recursion.
.PP
The other list commands \f[C]lsd\f[],\f[C]lsf\f[],\f[C]lsjson\f[] do not
recurse by default \- use "\-R" to make them recurse.
.PP
Listing a non existent directory will produce an error except for
remotes which can\[aq]t have empty directories (eg s3, swift, gcs, etc
\- the bucket based remotes).
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ lsf\ remote:path\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-absolute\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Put\ a\ leading\ /\ in\ front\ of\ path\ names.
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-csv\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Output\ in\ CSV\ format.
\ \ \-d,\ \-\-dir\-slash\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Append\ a\ slash\ to\ directory\ names.\ (default\ true)
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-dirs\-only\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Only\ list\ directories.
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-files\-only\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Only\ list\ files.
\ \ \-F,\ \-\-format\ string\ \ \ \ \ \ Output\ format\ \-\ see\ \ help\ for\ details\ (default\ "p")
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-hash\ h\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Use\ this\ hash\ when\ h\ is\ used\ in\ the\ format\ MD5|SHA\-1|DropboxHash\ (default\ "MD5")
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ help\ for\ lsf
\ \ \-R,\ \-\-recursive\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Recurse\ into\ the\ listing.
\ \ \-s,\ \-\-separator\ string\ \ \ Separator\ for\ the\ items\ in\ the\ format.\ (default\ ";")
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone lsjson
.PP
List directories and objects in the path in JSON format.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
List directories and objects in the path in JSON format.
.PP
The output is an array of Items, where each Item looks like this
.PP
{ "Hashes" : { "SHA\-1" : "f572d396fae9206628714fb2ce00f72e94f2258f",
"MD5" : "b1946ac92492d2347c6235b4d2611184", "DropboxHash" :
"ecb65bb98f9d905b70458986c39fcbad7715e5f2fcc3b1f07767d7c83e2438cc" },
"ID": "y2djkhiujf83u33", "IsDir" : false, "MimeType" :
"application/octet\-stream", "ModTime" :
"2017\-05\-31T16:15:57.034468261+01:00", "Name" : "file.txt",
"Encrypted" : "v0qpsdq8anpci8n929v3uu9338", "Path" :
"full/path/goes/here/file.txt", "Size" : 6 }
.PP
If \-\-hash is not specified the Hashes property won\[aq]t be emitted.
.PP
If \-\-no\-modtime is specified then ModTime will be blank.
.PP
If \-\-encrypted is not specified the Encrypted won\[aq]t be emitted.
.PP
The Path field will only show folders below the remote path being
listed.
If "remote:path" contains the file "subfolder/file.txt", the Path for
"file.txt" will be "subfolder/file.txt", not
"remote:path/subfolder/file.txt".
When used without \-\-recursive the Path will always be the same as
Name.
.PP
The time is in RFC3339 format with nanosecond precision.
.PP
The whole output can be processed as a JSON blob, or alternatively it
can be processed line by line as each item is written one to a line.
.PP
Any of the filtering options can be applied to this commmand.
.PP
There are several related list commands
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]ls\f[] to list size and path of objects only
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]lsl\f[] to list modification time, size and path of objects only
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]lsd\f[] to list directories only
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]lsf\f[] to list objects and directories in easy to parse format
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]lsjson\f[] to list objects and directories in JSON format
.PP
\f[C]ls\f[],\f[C]lsl\f[],\f[C]lsd\f[] are designed to be human readable.
\f[C]lsf\f[] is designed to be human and machine readable.
\f[C]lsjson\f[] is designed to be machine readable.
.PP
Note that \f[C]ls\f[] and \f[C]lsl\f[] recurse by default \- use
"\-\-max\-depth 1" to stop the recursion.
.PP
The other list commands \f[C]lsd\f[],\f[C]lsf\f[],\f[C]lsjson\f[] do not
recurse by default \- use "\-R" to make them recurse.
.PP
Listing a non existent directory will produce an error except for
remotes which can\[aq]t have empty directories (eg s3, swift, gcs, etc
\- the bucket based remotes).
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ lsjson\ remote:path\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \-M,\ \-\-encrypted\ \ \ \ Show\ the\ encrypted\ names.
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-hash\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Include\ hashes\ in\ the\ output\ (may\ take\ longer).
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ help\ for\ lsjson
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-no\-modtime\ \ \ Don\[aq]t\ read\ the\ modification\ time\ (can\ speed\ things\ up).
\ \ \-R,\ \-\-recursive\ \ \ \ Recurse\ into\ the\ listing.
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone mount
.PP
Mount the remote as a mountpoint.
\f[B]EXPERIMENTAL\f[]
.SS Synopsis
.PP
rclone mount allows Linux, FreeBSD, macOS and Windows to mount any of
Rclone\[aq]s cloud storage systems as a file system with FUSE.
.PP
This is \f[B]EXPERIMENTAL\f[] \- use with care.
.PP
First set up your remote using \f[C]rclone\ config\f[].
Check it works with \f[C]rclone\ ls\f[] etc.
.PP
Start the mount like this
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ mount\ remote:path/to/files\ /path/to/local/mount
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Or on Windows like this where X: is an unused drive letter
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ mount\ remote:path/to/files\ X:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
When the program ends, either via Ctrl+C or receiving a SIGINT or
SIGTERM signal, the mount is automatically stopped.
.PP
The umount operation can fail, for example when the mountpoint is busy.
When that happens, it is the user\[aq]s responsibility to stop the mount
manually with
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
#\ Linux
fusermount\ \-u\ /path/to/local/mount
#\ OS\ X
umount\ /path/to/local/mount
\f[]
.fi
.SS Installing on Windows
.PP
To run rclone mount on Windows, you will need to download and install
WinFsp (http://www.secfs.net/winfsp/).
.PP
WinFsp is an open source (https://github.com/billziss-gh/winfsp) Windows
File System Proxy which makes it easy to write user space file systems
for Windows.
It provides a FUSE emulation layer which rclone uses combination with
cgofuse (https://github.com/billziss-gh/cgofuse).
Both of these packages are by Bill Zissimopoulos who was very helpful
during the implementation of rclone mount for Windows.
.SS Windows caveats
.PP
Note that drives created as Administrator are not visible by other
accounts (including the account that was elevated as Administrator).
So if you start a Windows drive from an Administrative Command Prompt
and then try to access the same drive from Explorer (which does not run
as Administrator), you will not be able to see the new drive.
.PP
The easiest way around this is to start the drive from a normal command
prompt.
It is also possible to start a drive from the SYSTEM account (using the
WinFsp.Launcher
infrastructure (https://github.com/billziss-gh/winfsp/wiki/WinFsp-Service-Architecture))
which creates drives accessible for everyone on the system or
alternatively using the nssm service manager (https://nssm.cc/usage).
.SS Limitations
.PP
Without the use of "\-\-vfs\-cache\-mode" this can only write files
sequentially, it can only seek when reading.
This means that many applications won\[aq]t work with their files on an
rclone mount without "\-\-vfs\-cache\-mode writes" or
"\-\-vfs\-cache\-mode full".
See the File Caching (#file-caching) section for more info.
.PP
The bucket based remotes (eg Swift, S3, Google Compute Storage, B2,
Hubic) won\[aq]t work from the root \- you will need to specify a
bucket, or a path within the bucket.
So \f[C]swift:\f[] won\[aq]t work whereas \f[C]swift:bucket\f[] will as
will \f[C]swift:bucket/path\f[].
None of these support the concept of directories, so empty directories
will have a tendency to disappear once they fall out of the directory
cache.
.PP
Only supported on Linux, FreeBSD, OS X and Windows at the moment.
.SS rclone mount vs rclone sync/copy
.PP
File systems expect things to be 100% reliable, whereas cloud storage
systems are a long way from 100% reliable.
The rclone sync/copy commands cope with this with lots of retries.
However rclone mount can\[aq]t use retries in the same way without
making local copies of the uploads.
Look at the \f[B]EXPERIMENTAL\f[] file caching (#file-caching) for
solutions to make mount mount more reliable.
.SS Attribute caching
.PP
You can use the flag \-\-attr\-timeout to set the time the kernel caches
the attributes (size, modification time etc) for directory entries.
.PP
The default is "1s" which caches files just long enough to avoid too
many callbacks to rclone from the kernel.
.PP
In theory 0s should be the correct value for filesystems which can
change outside the control of the kernel.
However this causes quite a few problems such as rclone using too much
memory (https://github.com/ncw/rclone/issues/2157), rclone not serving
files to
samba (https://forum.rclone.org/t/rclone-1-39-vs-1-40-mount-issue/5112)
and excessive time listing
directories (https://github.com/ncw/rclone/issues/2095#issuecomment-371141147).
.PP
The kernel can cache the info about a file for the time given by
"\-\-attr\-timeout".
You may see corruption if the remote file changes length during this
window.
It will show up as either a truncated file or a file with garbage on the
end.
With "\-\-attr\-timeout 1s" this is very unlikely but not impossible.
The higher you set "\-\-attr\-timeout" the more likely it is.
The default setting of "1s" is the lowest setting which mitigates the
problems above.
.PP
If you set it higher (\[aq]10s\[aq] or \[aq]1m\[aq] say) then the kernel
will call back to rclone less often making it more efficient, however
there is more chance of the corruption issue above.
.PP
If files don\[aq]t change on the remote outside of the control of rclone
then there is no chance of corruption.
.PP
This is the same as setting the attr_timeout option in mount.fuse.
.SS Filters
.PP
Note that all the rclone filters can be used to select a subset of the
files to be visible in the mount.
.SS systemd
.PP
When running rclone mount as a systemd service, it is possible to use
Type=notify.
In this case the service will enter the started state after the
mountpoint has been successfully set up.
Units having the rclone mount service specified as a requirement will
see all files and folders immediately in this mode.
.SS chunked reading
.PP
\-\-vfs\-read\-chunk\-size will enable reading the source objects in
parts.
This can reduce the used download quota for some remotes by requesting
only chunks from the remote that are actually read at the cost of an
increased number of requests.
.PP
When \-\-vfs\-read\-chunk\-size\-limit is also specified and greater
than \-\-vfs\-read\-chunk\-size, the chunk size for each open file will
get doubled for each chunk read, until the specified value is reached.
A value of \-1 will disable the limit and the chunk size will grow
indefinitely.
.PP
With \-\-vfs\-read\-chunk\-size 100M and
\-\-vfs\-read\-chunk\-size\-limit 0 the following parts will be
downloaded: 0\-100M, 100M\-200M, 200M\-300M, 300M\-400M and so on.
When \-\-vfs\-read\-chunk\-size\-limit 500M is specified, the result
would be 0\-100M, 100M\-300M, 300M\-700M, 700M\-1200M, 1200M\-1700M and
so on.
.PP
Chunked reading will only work with \-\-vfs\-cache\-mode < full, as the
file will always be copied to the vfs cache before opening with
\-\-vfs\-cache\-mode full.
.SS Directory Cache
.PP
Using the \f[C]\-\-dir\-cache\-time\f[] flag, you can set how long a
directory should be considered up to date and not refreshed from the
backend.
Changes made locally in the mount may appear immediately or invalidate
the cache.
However, changes done on the remote will only be picked up once the
cache expires.
.PP
Alternatively, you can send a \f[C]SIGHUP\f[] signal to rclone for it to
flush all directory caches, regardless of how old they are.
Assuming only one rclone instance is running, you can reset the cache
like this:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
kill\ \-SIGHUP\ $(pidof\ rclone)
\f[]
.fi
.PP
If you configure rclone with a remote control (/rc) then you can use
rclone rc to flush the whole directory cache:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ rc\ vfs/forget
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Or individual files or directories:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ rc\ vfs/forget\ file=path/to/file\ dir=path/to/dir
\f[]
.fi
.SS File Caching
.PP
\f[B]NB\f[] File caching is \f[B]EXPERIMENTAL\f[] \- use with care!
.PP
These flags control the VFS file caching options.
The VFS layer is used by rclone mount to make a cloud storage system
work more like a normal file system.
.PP
You\[aq]ll need to enable VFS caching if you want, for example, to read
and write simultaneously to a file.
See below for more details.
.PP
Note that the VFS cache works in addition to the cache backend and you
may find that you need one or the other or both.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\-\-cache\-dir\ string\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Directory\ rclone\ will\ use\ for\ caching.
\-\-vfs\-cache\-max\-age\ duration\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Max\ age\ of\ objects\ in\ the\ cache.\ (default\ 1h0m0s)
\-\-vfs\-cache\-mode\ string\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Cache\ mode\ off|minimal|writes|full\ (default\ "off")
\-\-vfs\-cache\-poll\-interval\ duration\ \ \ Interval\ to\ poll\ the\ cache\ for\ stale\ objects.\ (default\ 1m0s)
\f[]
.fi
.PP
If run with \f[C]\-vv\f[] rclone will print the location of the file
cache.
The files are stored in the user cache file area which is OS dependent
but can be controlled with \f[C]\-\-cache\-dir\f[] or setting the
appropriate environment variable.
.PP
The cache has 4 different modes selected by
\f[C]\-\-vfs\-cache\-mode\f[].
The higher the cache mode the more compatible rclone becomes at the cost
of using disk space.
.PP
Note that files are written back to the remote only when they are closed
so if rclone is quit or dies with open files then these won\[aq]t get
written back to the remote.
However they will still be in the on disk cache.
.SS \-\-vfs\-cache\-mode off
.PP
In this mode the cache will read directly from the remote and write
directly to the remote without caching anything on disk.
.PP
This will mean some operations are not possible
.IP \[bu] 2
Files can\[aq]t be opened for both read AND write
.IP \[bu] 2
Files opened for write can\[aq]t be seeked
.IP \[bu] 2
Existing files opened for write must have O_TRUNC set
.IP \[bu] 2
Files open for read with O_TRUNC will be opened write only
.IP \[bu] 2
Files open for write only will behave as if O_TRUNC was supplied
.IP \[bu] 2
Open modes O_APPEND, O_TRUNC are ignored
.IP \[bu] 2
If an upload fails it can\[aq]t be retried
.SS \-\-vfs\-cache\-mode minimal
.PP
This is very similar to "off" except that files opened for read AND
write will be buffered to disks.
This means that files opened for write will be a lot more compatible,
but uses the minimal disk space.
.PP
These operations are not possible
.IP \[bu] 2
Files opened for write only can\[aq]t be seeked
.IP \[bu] 2
Existing files opened for write must have O_TRUNC set
.IP \[bu] 2
Files opened for write only will ignore O_APPEND, O_TRUNC
.IP \[bu] 2
If an upload fails it can\[aq]t be retried
.SS \-\-vfs\-cache\-mode writes
.PP
In this mode files opened for read only are still read directly from the
remote, write only and read/write files are buffered to disk first.
.PP
This mode should support all normal file system operations.
.PP
If an upload fails it will be retried up to \-\-low\-level\-retries
times.
.SS \-\-vfs\-cache\-mode full
.PP
In this mode all reads and writes are buffered to and from disk.
When a file is opened for read it will be downloaded in its entirety
first.
.PP
This may be appropriate for your needs, or you may prefer to look at the
cache backend which does a much more sophisticated job of caching,
including caching directory hierarchies and chunks of files.
.PP
In this mode, unlike the others, when a file is written to the disk, it
will be kept on the disk after it is written to the remote.
It will be purged on a schedule according to
\f[C]\-\-vfs\-cache\-max\-age\f[].
.PP
This mode should support all normal file system operations.
.PP
If an upload or download fails it will be retried up to
\-\-low\-level\-retries times.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ mount\ remote:path\ /path/to/mountpoint\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-allow\-non\-empty\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Allow\ mounting\ over\ a\ non\-empty\ directory.
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-allow\-other\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Allow\ access\ to\ other\ users.
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-allow\-root\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Allow\ access\ to\ root\ user.
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-attr\-timeout\ duration\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Time\ for\ which\ file/directory\ attributes\ are\ cached.\ (default\ 1s)
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-daemon\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Run\ mount\ as\ a\ daemon\ (background\ mode).
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-debug\-fuse\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Debug\ the\ FUSE\ internals\ \-\ needs\ \-v.
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-default\-permissions\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Makes\ kernel\ enforce\ access\ control\ based\ on\ the\ file\ mode.
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-dir\-cache\-time\ duration\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Time\ to\ cache\ directory\ entries\ for.\ (default\ 5m0s)
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-fuse\-flag\ stringArray\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Flags\ or\ arguments\ to\ be\ passed\ direct\ to\ libfuse/WinFsp.\ Repeat\ if\ required.
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-gid\ uint32\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Override\ the\ gid\ field\ set\ by\ the\ filesystem.\ (default\ 502)
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ help\ for\ mount
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-max\-read\-ahead\ int\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ The\ number\ of\ bytes\ that\ can\ be\ prefetched\ for\ sequential\ reads.\ (default\ 128k)
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-no\-checksum\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Don\[aq]t\ compare\ checksums\ on\ up/download.
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-no\-modtime\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Don\[aq]t\ read/write\ the\ modification\ time\ (can\ speed\ things\ up).
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-no\-seek\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Don\[aq]t\ allow\ seeking\ in\ files.
\ \ \-o,\ \-\-option\ stringArray\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Option\ for\ libfuse/WinFsp.\ Repeat\ if\ required.
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-poll\-interval\ duration\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Time\ to\ wait\ between\ polling\ for\ changes.\ Must\ be\ smaller\ than\ dir\-cache\-time.\ Only\ on\ supported\ remotes.\ Set\ to\ 0\ to\ disable.\ (default\ 1m0s)
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-read\-only\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Mount\ read\-only.
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-uid\ uint32\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Override\ the\ uid\ field\ set\ by\ the\ filesystem.\ (default\ 502)
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-umask\ int\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Override\ the\ permission\ bits\ set\ by\ the\ filesystem.
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-vfs\-cache\-max\-age\ duration\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Max\ age\ of\ objects\ in\ the\ cache.\ (default\ 1h0m0s)
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-vfs\-cache\-mode\ string\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Cache\ mode\ off|minimal|writes|full\ (default\ "off")
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-vfs\-cache\-poll\-interval\ duration\ \ \ Interval\ to\ poll\ the\ cache\ for\ stale\ objects.\ (default\ 1m0s)
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-vfs\-read\-chunk\-size\ int\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Read\ the\ source\ objects\ in\ chunks.
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-vfs\-read\-chunk\-size\-limit\ int\ \ \ \ \ \ If\ greater\ than\ \-\-vfs\-read\-chunk\-size,\ double\ the\ chunk\ size\ after\ each\ chunk\ read,\ until\ the\ limit\ is\ reached.\ \-1\ is\ unlimited.
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-volname\ string\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Set\ the\ volume\ name\ (not\ supported\ by\ all\ OSes).
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-write\-back\-cache\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Makes\ kernel\ buffer\ writes\ before\ sending\ them\ to\ rclone.\ Without\ this,\ writethrough\ caching\ is\ used.
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone moveto
.PP
Move file or directory from source to dest.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
If source:path is a file or directory then it moves it to a file or
directory named dest:path.
.PP
This can be used to rename files or upload single files to other than
their existing name.
If the source is a directory then it acts exacty like the move command.
.PP
So
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ moveto\ src\ dst
\f[]
.fi
.PP
where src and dst are rclone paths, either remote:path or /path/to/local
or C:.
.PP
This will:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
if\ src\ is\ file
\ \ \ \ move\ it\ to\ dst,\ overwriting\ an\ existing\ file\ if\ it\ exists
if\ src\ is\ directory
\ \ \ \ move\ it\ to\ dst,\ overwriting\ existing\ files\ if\ they\ exist
\ \ \ \ see\ move\ command\ for\ full\ details
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This doesn\[aq]t transfer unchanged files, testing by size and
modification time or MD5SUM.
src will be deleted on successful transfer.
.PP
\f[B]Important\f[]: Since this can cause data loss, test first with the
\-\-dry\-run flag.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ moveto\ source:path\ dest:path\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ help\ for\ moveto
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone ncdu
.PP
Explore a remote with a text based user interface.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
This displays a text based user interface allowing the navigation of a
remote.
It is most useful for answering the question \- "What is using all my
disk space?".
.PP
To make the user interface it first scans the entire remote given and
builds an in memory representation.
rclone ncdu can be used during this scanning phase and you will see it
building up the directory structure as it goes along.
.PP
Here are the keys \- press \[aq]?\[aq] to toggle the help on and off
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ ↑,↓\ or\ k,j\ to\ Move
\ →,l\ to\ enter
\ ←,h\ to\ return
\ c\ toggle\ counts
\ g\ toggle\ graph
\ n,s,C\ sort\ by\ name,size,count
\ ^L\ refresh\ screen
\ ?\ to\ toggle\ help\ on\ and\ off
\ q/ESC/c\-C\ to\ quit
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This an homage to the ncdu tool (https://dev.yorhel.nl/ncdu) but for
rclone remotes.
It is missing lots of features at the moment, most importantly deleting
files, but is useful as it stands.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ ncdu\ remote:path\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ help\ for\ ncdu
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone obscure
.PP
Obscure password for use in the rclone.conf
.SS Synopsis
.PP
Obscure password for use in the rclone.conf
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ obscure\ password\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ help\ for\ obscure
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone rc
.PP
Run a command against a running rclone.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
This runs a command against a running rclone.
By default it will use that specified in the \-\-rc\-addr command.
.PP
Arguments should be passed in as parameter=value.
.PP
The result will be returned as a JSON object by default.
.PP
Use "rclone rc" to see a list of all possible commands.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ rc\ commands\ parameter\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ help\ for\ rc
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-no\-output\ \ \ \ If\ set\ don\[aq]t\ output\ the\ JSON\ result.
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-url\ string\ \ \ URL\ to\ connect\ to\ rclone\ remote\ control.\ (default\ "http://localhost:5572/")
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone rcat
.PP
Copies standard input to file on remote.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
rclone rcat reads from standard input (stdin) and copies it to a single
remote file.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
echo\ "hello\ world"\ |\ rclone\ rcat\ remote:path/to/file
ffmpeg\ \-\ |\ rclone\ rcat\ remote:path/to/file
\f[]
.fi
.PP
If the remote file already exists, it will be overwritten.
.PP
rcat will try to upload small files in a single request, which is
usually more efficient than the streaming/chunked upload endpoints,
which use multiple requests.
Exact behaviour depends on the remote.
What is considered a small file may be set through
\f[C]\-\-streaming\-upload\-cutoff\f[].
Uploading only starts after the cutoff is reached or if the file ends
before that.
The data must fit into RAM.
The cutoff needs to be small enough to adhere the limits of your remote,
please see there.
Generally speaking, setting this cutoff too high will decrease your
performance.
.PP
Note that the upload can also not be retried because the data is not
kept around until the upload succeeds.
If you need to transfer a lot of data, you\[aq]re better off caching
locally and then \f[C]rclone\ move\f[] it to the destination.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ rcat\ remote:path\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ help\ for\ rcat
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone rmdirs
.PP
Remove empty directories under the path.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
This removes any empty directories (or directories that only contain
empty directories) under the path that it finds, including the path if
it has nothing in.
.PP
If you supply the \-\-leave\-root flag, it will not remove the root
directory.
.PP
This is useful for tidying up remotes that rclone has left a lot of
empty directories in.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ rmdirs\ remote:path\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ help\ for\ rmdirs
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-leave\-root\ \ \ Do\ not\ remove\ root\ directory\ if\ empty
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone serve
.PP
Serve a remote over a protocol.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
rclone serve is used to serve a remote over a given protocol.
This command requires the use of a subcommand to specify the protocol,
eg
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ serve\ http\ remote:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Each subcommand has its own options which you can see in their help.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ serve\ <protocol>\ [opts]\ <remote>\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ help\ for\ serve
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone serve http
.PP
Serve the remote over HTTP.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
rclone serve http implements a basic web server to serve the remote over
HTTP.
This can be viewed in a web browser or you can make a remote of type
http read from it.
.PP
You can use the filter flags (eg \-\-include, \-\-exclude) to control
what is served.
.PP
The server will log errors.
Use \-v to see access logs.
.PP
\-\-bwlimit will be respected for file transfers.
Use \-\-stats to control the stats printing.
.SS Server options
.PP
Use \-\-addr to specify which IP address and port the server should
listen on, eg \-\-addr 1.2.3.4:8000 or \-\-addr :8080 to listen to all
IPs.
By default it only listens on localhost.
You can use port :0 to let the OS choose an available port.
.PP
If you set \-\-addr to listen on a public or LAN accessible IP address
then using Authentication is advised \- see the next section for info.
.PP
\-\-server\-read\-timeout and \-\-server\-write\-timeout can be used to
control the timeouts on the server.
Note that this is the total time for a transfer.
.PP
\-\-max\-header\-bytes controls the maximum number of bytes the server
will accept in the HTTP header.
.SS Authentication
.PP
By default this will serve files without needing a login.
.PP
You can either use an htpasswd file which can take lots of users, or set
a single username and password with the \-\-user and \-\-pass flags.
.PP
Use \-\-htpasswd /path/to/htpasswd to provide an htpasswd file.
This is in standard apache format and supports MD5, SHA1 and BCrypt for
basic authentication.
Bcrypt is recommended.
.PP
To create an htpasswd file:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
touch\ htpasswd
htpasswd\ \-B\ htpasswd\ user
htpasswd\ \-B\ htpasswd\ anotherUser
\f[]
.fi
.PP
The password file can be updated while rclone is running.
.PP
Use \-\-realm to set the authentication realm.
.SS SSL/TLS
.PP
By default this will serve over http.
If you want you can serve over https.
You will need to supply the \-\-cert and \-\-key flags.
If you wish to do client side certificate validation then you will need
to supply \-\-client\-ca also.
.PP
\-\-cert should be a either a PEM encoded certificate or a concatenation
of that with the CA certificate.
\-\-key should be the PEM encoded private key and \-\-client\-ca should
be the PEM encoded client certificate authority certificate.
.SS Directory Cache
.PP
Using the \f[C]\-\-dir\-cache\-time\f[] flag, you can set how long a
directory should be considered up to date and not refreshed from the
backend.
Changes made locally in the mount may appear immediately or invalidate
the cache.
However, changes done on the remote will only be picked up once the
cache expires.
.PP
Alternatively, you can send a \f[C]SIGHUP\f[] signal to rclone for it to
flush all directory caches, regardless of how old they are.
Assuming only one rclone instance is running, you can reset the cache
like this:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
kill\ \-SIGHUP\ $(pidof\ rclone)
\f[]
.fi
.PP
If you configure rclone with a remote control (/rc) then you can use
rclone rc to flush the whole directory cache:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ rc\ vfs/forget
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Or individual files or directories:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ rc\ vfs/forget\ file=path/to/file\ dir=path/to/dir
\f[]
.fi
.SS File Caching
.PP
\f[B]NB\f[] File caching is \f[B]EXPERIMENTAL\f[] \- use with care!
.PP
These flags control the VFS file caching options.
The VFS layer is used by rclone mount to make a cloud storage system
work more like a normal file system.
.PP
You\[aq]ll need to enable VFS caching if you want, for example, to read
and write simultaneously to a file.
See below for more details.
.PP
Note that the VFS cache works in addition to the cache backend and you
may find that you need one or the other or both.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\-\-cache\-dir\ string\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Directory\ rclone\ will\ use\ for\ caching.
\-\-vfs\-cache\-max\-age\ duration\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Max\ age\ of\ objects\ in\ the\ cache.\ (default\ 1h0m0s)
\-\-vfs\-cache\-mode\ string\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Cache\ mode\ off|minimal|writes|full\ (default\ "off")
\-\-vfs\-cache\-poll\-interval\ duration\ \ \ Interval\ to\ poll\ the\ cache\ for\ stale\ objects.\ (default\ 1m0s)
\f[]
.fi
.PP
If run with \f[C]\-vv\f[] rclone will print the location of the file
cache.
The files are stored in the user cache file area which is OS dependent
but can be controlled with \f[C]\-\-cache\-dir\f[] or setting the
appropriate environment variable.
.PP
The cache has 4 different modes selected by
\f[C]\-\-vfs\-cache\-mode\f[].
The higher the cache mode the more compatible rclone becomes at the cost
of using disk space.
.PP
Note that files are written back to the remote only when they are closed
so if rclone is quit or dies with open files then these won\[aq]t get
written back to the remote.
However they will still be in the on disk cache.
.SS \-\-vfs\-cache\-mode off
.PP
In this mode the cache will read directly from the remote and write
directly to the remote without caching anything on disk.
.PP
This will mean some operations are not possible
.IP \[bu] 2
Files can\[aq]t be opened for both read AND write
.IP \[bu] 2
Files opened for write can\[aq]t be seeked
.IP \[bu] 2
Existing files opened for write must have O_TRUNC set
.IP \[bu] 2
Files open for read with O_TRUNC will be opened write only
.IP \[bu] 2
Files open for write only will behave as if O_TRUNC was supplied
.IP \[bu] 2
Open modes O_APPEND, O_TRUNC are ignored
.IP \[bu] 2
If an upload fails it can\[aq]t be retried
.SS \-\-vfs\-cache\-mode minimal
.PP
This is very similar to "off" except that files opened for read AND
write will be buffered to disks.
This means that files opened for write will be a lot more compatible,
but uses the minimal disk space.
.PP
These operations are not possible
.IP \[bu] 2
Files opened for write only can\[aq]t be seeked
.IP \[bu] 2
Existing files opened for write must have O_TRUNC set
.IP \[bu] 2
Files opened for write only will ignore O_APPEND, O_TRUNC
.IP \[bu] 2
If an upload fails it can\[aq]t be retried
.SS \-\-vfs\-cache\-mode writes
.PP
In this mode files opened for read only are still read directly from the
remote, write only and read/write files are buffered to disk first.
.PP
This mode should support all normal file system operations.
.PP
If an upload fails it will be retried up to \-\-low\-level\-retries
times.
.SS \-\-vfs\-cache\-mode full
.PP
In this mode all reads and writes are buffered to and from disk.
When a file is opened for read it will be downloaded in its entirety
first.
.PP
This may be appropriate for your needs, or you may prefer to look at the
cache backend which does a much more sophisticated job of caching,
including caching directory hierarchies and chunks of files.
.PP
In this mode, unlike the others, when a file is written to the disk, it
will be kept on the disk after it is written to the remote.
It will be purged on a schedule according to
\f[C]\-\-vfs\-cache\-max\-age\f[].
.PP
This mode should support all normal file system operations.
.PP
If an upload or download fails it will be retried up to
\-\-low\-level\-retries times.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ serve\ http\ remote:path\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-addr\ string\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ IPaddress:Port\ or\ :Port\ to\ bind\ server\ to.\ (default\ "localhost:8080")
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-cert\ string\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ SSL\ PEM\ key\ (concatenation\ of\ certificate\ and\ CA\ certificate)
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-client\-ca\ string\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Client\ certificate\ authority\ to\ verify\ clients\ with
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-dir\-cache\-time\ duration\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Time\ to\ cache\ directory\ entries\ for.\ (default\ 5m0s)
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-gid\ uint32\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Override\ the\ gid\ field\ set\ by\ the\ filesystem.\ (default\ 502)
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ help\ for\ http
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-htpasswd\ string\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ htpasswd\ file\ \-\ if\ not\ provided\ no\ authentication\ is\ done
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-key\ string\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ SSL\ PEM\ Private\ key
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-max\-header\-bytes\ int\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Maximum\ size\ of\ request\ header\ (default\ 4096)
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-no\-checksum\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Don\[aq]t\ compare\ checksums\ on\ up/download.
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-no\-modtime\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Don\[aq]t\ read/write\ the\ modification\ time\ (can\ speed\ things\ up).
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-no\-seek\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Don\[aq]t\ allow\ seeking\ in\ files.
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-pass\ string\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Password\ for\ authentication.
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-poll\-interval\ duration\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Time\ to\ wait\ between\ polling\ for\ changes.\ Must\ be\ smaller\ than\ dir\-cache\-time.\ Only\ on\ supported\ remotes.\ Set\ to\ 0\ to\ disable.\ (default\ 1m0s)
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-read\-only\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Mount\ read\-only.
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-realm\ string\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ realm\ for\ authentication\ (default\ "rclone")
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-server\-read\-timeout\ duration\ \ \ \ \ \ \ Timeout\ for\ server\ reading\ data\ (default\ 1h0m0s)
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-server\-write\-timeout\ duration\ \ \ \ \ \ Timeout\ for\ server\ writing\ data\ (default\ 1h0m0s)
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-uid\ uint32\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Override\ the\ uid\ field\ set\ by\ the\ filesystem.\ (default\ 502)
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-umask\ int\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Override\ the\ permission\ bits\ set\ by\ the\ filesystem.\ (default\ 2)
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-user\ string\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ User\ name\ for\ authentication.
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-vfs\-cache\-max\-age\ duration\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Max\ age\ of\ objects\ in\ the\ cache.\ (default\ 1h0m0s)
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-vfs\-cache\-mode\ string\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Cache\ mode\ off|minimal|writes|full\ (default\ "off")
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-vfs\-cache\-poll\-interval\ duration\ \ \ Interval\ to\ poll\ the\ cache\ for\ stale\ objects.\ (default\ 1m0s)
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-vfs\-read\-chunk\-size\ int\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Read\ the\ source\ objects\ in\ chunks.
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-vfs\-read\-chunk\-size\-limit\ int\ \ \ \ \ \ If\ greater\ than\ \-\-vfs\-read\-chunk\-size,\ double\ the\ chunk\ size\ after\ each\ chunk\ read,\ until\ the\ limit\ is\ reached.\ \-1\ is\ unlimited.
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone serve restic
.PP
Serve the remote for restic\[aq]s REST API.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
rclone serve restic implements restic\[aq]s REST backend API over HTTP.
This allows restic to use rclone as a data storage mechanism for cloud
providers that restic does not support directly.
.PP
Restic (https://restic.net/) is a command line program for doing
backups.
.PP
The server will log errors.
Use \-v to see access logs.
.PP
\-\-bwlimit will be respected for file transfers.
Use \-\-stats to control the stats printing.
.SS Setting up rclone for use by restic
.PP
First set up a remote for your chosen cloud provider (/docs/#configure).
.PP
Once you have set up the remote, check it is working with, for example
"rclone lsd remote:".
You may have called the remote something other than "remote:" \- just
substitute whatever you called it in the following instructions.
.PP
Now start the rclone restic server
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ serve\ restic\ \-v\ remote:backup
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Where you can replace "backup" in the above by whatever path in the
remote you wish to use.
.PP
By default this will serve on "localhost:8080" you can change this with
use of the "\-\-addr" flag.
.PP
You might wish to start this server on boot.
.SS Setting up restic to use rclone
.PP
Now you can follow the restic
instructions (http://restic.readthedocs.io/en/latest/030_preparing_a_new_repo.html#rest-server)
on setting up restic.
.PP
Note that you will need restic 0.8.2 or later to interoperate with
rclone.
.PP
For the example above you will want to use "http://localhost:8080/" as
the URL for the REST server.
.PP
For example:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$\ export\ RESTIC_REPOSITORY=rest:http://localhost:8080/
$\ export\ RESTIC_PASSWORD=yourpassword
$\ restic\ init
created\ restic\ backend\ 8b1a4b56ae\ at\ rest:http://localhost:8080/

Please\ note\ that\ knowledge\ of\ your\ password\ is\ required\ to\ access
the\ repository.\ Losing\ your\ password\ means\ that\ your\ data\ is
irrecoverably\ lost.
$\ restic\ backup\ /path/to/files/to/backup
scan\ [/path/to/files/to/backup]
scanned\ 189\ directories,\ 312\ files\ in\ 0:00
[0:00]\ 100.00%\ \ 38.128\ MiB\ /\ 38.128\ MiB\ \ 501\ /\ 501\ items\ \ 0\ errors\ \ ETA\ 0:00\ 
duration:\ 0:00
snapshot\ 45c8fdd8\ saved
\f[]
.fi
.SS Multiple repositories
.PP
Note that you can use the endpoint to host multiple repositories.
Do this by adding a directory name or path after the URL.
Note that these \f[B]must\f[] end with /.
Eg
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$\ export\ RESTIC_REPOSITORY=rest:http://localhost:8080/user1repo/
#\ backup\ user1\ stuff
$\ export\ RESTIC_REPOSITORY=rest:http://localhost:8080/user2repo/
#\ backup\ user2\ stuff
\f[]
.fi
.SS Server options
.PP
Use \-\-addr to specify which IP address and port the server should
listen on, eg \-\-addr 1.2.3.4:8000 or \-\-addr :8080 to listen to all
IPs.
By default it only listens on localhost.
You can use port :0 to let the OS choose an available port.
.PP
If you set \-\-addr to listen on a public or LAN accessible IP address
then using Authentication is advised \- see the next section for info.
.PP
\-\-server\-read\-timeout and \-\-server\-write\-timeout can be used to
control the timeouts on the server.
Note that this is the total time for a transfer.
.PP
\-\-max\-header\-bytes controls the maximum number of bytes the server
will accept in the HTTP header.
.SS Authentication
.PP
By default this will serve files without needing a login.
.PP
You can either use an htpasswd file which can take lots of users, or set
a single username and password with the \-\-user and \-\-pass flags.
.PP
Use \-\-htpasswd /path/to/htpasswd to provide an htpasswd file.
This is in standard apache format and supports MD5, SHA1 and BCrypt for
basic authentication.
Bcrypt is recommended.
.PP
To create an htpasswd file:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
touch\ htpasswd
htpasswd\ \-B\ htpasswd\ user
htpasswd\ \-B\ htpasswd\ anotherUser
\f[]
.fi
.PP
The password file can be updated while rclone is running.
.PP
Use \-\-realm to set the authentication realm.
.SS SSL/TLS
.PP
By default this will serve over http.
If you want you can serve over https.
You will need to supply the \-\-cert and \-\-key flags.
If you wish to do client side certificate validation then you will need
to supply \-\-client\-ca also.
.PP
\-\-cert should be a either a PEM encoded certificate or a concatenation
of that with the CA certificate.
\-\-key should be the PEM encoded private key and \-\-client\-ca should
be the PEM encoded client certificate authority certificate.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ serve\ restic\ remote:path\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-addr\ string\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ IPaddress:Port\ or\ :Port\ to\ bind\ server\ to.\ (default\ "localhost:8080")
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-append\-only\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ disallow\ deletion\ of\ repository\ data
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-cert\ string\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ SSL\ PEM\ key\ (concatenation\ of\ certificate\ and\ CA\ certificate)
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-client\-ca\ string\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Client\ certificate\ authority\ to\ verify\ clients\ with
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ help\ for\ restic
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-htpasswd\ string\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ htpasswd\ file\ \-\ if\ not\ provided\ no\ authentication\ is\ done
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-key\ string\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ SSL\ PEM\ Private\ key
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-max\-header\-bytes\ int\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Maximum\ size\ of\ request\ header\ (default\ 4096)
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-pass\ string\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Password\ for\ authentication.
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-realm\ string\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ realm\ for\ authentication\ (default\ "rclone")
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-server\-read\-timeout\ duration\ \ \ \ Timeout\ for\ server\ reading\ data\ (default\ 1h0m0s)
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-server\-write\-timeout\ duration\ \ \ Timeout\ for\ server\ writing\ data\ (default\ 1h0m0s)
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-stdio\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ run\ an\ HTTP2\ server\ on\ stdin/stdout
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-user\ string\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ User\ name\ for\ authentication.
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone serve webdav
.PP
Serve remote:path over webdav.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
rclone serve webdav implements a basic webdav server to serve the remote
over HTTP via the webdav protocol.
This can be viewed with a webdav client or you can make a remote of type
webdav to read and write it.
.PP
NB at the moment each directory listing reads the start of each file
which is undesirable: see https://github.com/golang/go/issues/22577
.SS Server options
.PP
Use \-\-addr to specify which IP address and port the server should
listen on, eg \-\-addr 1.2.3.4:8000 or \-\-addr :8080 to listen to all
IPs.
By default it only listens on localhost.
You can use port :0 to let the OS choose an available port.
.PP
If you set \-\-addr to listen on a public or LAN accessible IP address
then using Authentication is advised \- see the next section for info.
.PP
\-\-server\-read\-timeout and \-\-server\-write\-timeout can be used to
control the timeouts on the server.
Note that this is the total time for a transfer.
.PP
\-\-max\-header\-bytes controls the maximum number of bytes the server
will accept in the HTTP header.
.SS Authentication
.PP
By default this will serve files without needing a login.
.PP
You can either use an htpasswd file which can take lots of users, or set
a single username and password with the \-\-user and \-\-pass flags.
.PP
Use \-\-htpasswd /path/to/htpasswd to provide an htpasswd file.
This is in standard apache format and supports MD5, SHA1 and BCrypt for
basic authentication.
Bcrypt is recommended.
.PP
To create an htpasswd file:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
touch\ htpasswd
htpasswd\ \-B\ htpasswd\ user
htpasswd\ \-B\ htpasswd\ anotherUser
\f[]
.fi
.PP
The password file can be updated while rclone is running.
.PP
Use \-\-realm to set the authentication realm.
.SS SSL/TLS
.PP
By default this will serve over http.
If you want you can serve over https.
You will need to supply the \-\-cert and \-\-key flags.
If you wish to do client side certificate validation then you will need
to supply \-\-client\-ca also.
.PP
\-\-cert should be a either a PEM encoded certificate or a concatenation
of that with the CA certificate.
\-\-key should be the PEM encoded private key and \-\-client\-ca should
be the PEM encoded client certificate authority certificate.
.SS Directory Cache
.PP
Using the \f[C]\-\-dir\-cache\-time\f[] flag, you can set how long a
directory should be considered up to date and not refreshed from the
backend.
Changes made locally in the mount may appear immediately or invalidate
the cache.
However, changes done on the remote will only be picked up once the
cache expires.
.PP
Alternatively, you can send a \f[C]SIGHUP\f[] signal to rclone for it to
flush all directory caches, regardless of how old they are.
Assuming only one rclone instance is running, you can reset the cache
like this:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
kill\ \-SIGHUP\ $(pidof\ rclone)
\f[]
.fi
.PP
If you configure rclone with a remote control (/rc) then you can use
rclone rc to flush the whole directory cache:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ rc\ vfs/forget
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Or individual files or directories:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ rc\ vfs/forget\ file=path/to/file\ dir=path/to/dir
\f[]
.fi
.SS File Caching
.PP
\f[B]NB\f[] File caching is \f[B]EXPERIMENTAL\f[] \- use with care!
.PP
These flags control the VFS file caching options.
The VFS layer is used by rclone mount to make a cloud storage system
work more like a normal file system.
.PP
You\[aq]ll need to enable VFS caching if you want, for example, to read
and write simultaneously to a file.
See below for more details.
.PP
Note that the VFS cache works in addition to the cache backend and you
may find that you need one or the other or both.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\-\-cache\-dir\ string\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Directory\ rclone\ will\ use\ for\ caching.
\-\-vfs\-cache\-max\-age\ duration\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Max\ age\ of\ objects\ in\ the\ cache.\ (default\ 1h0m0s)
\-\-vfs\-cache\-mode\ string\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Cache\ mode\ off|minimal|writes|full\ (default\ "off")
\-\-vfs\-cache\-poll\-interval\ duration\ \ \ Interval\ to\ poll\ the\ cache\ for\ stale\ objects.\ (default\ 1m0s)
\f[]
.fi
.PP
If run with \f[C]\-vv\f[] rclone will print the location of the file
cache.
The files are stored in the user cache file area which is OS dependent
but can be controlled with \f[C]\-\-cache\-dir\f[] or setting the
appropriate environment variable.
.PP
The cache has 4 different modes selected by
\f[C]\-\-vfs\-cache\-mode\f[].
The higher the cache mode the more compatible rclone becomes at the cost
of using disk space.
.PP
Note that files are written back to the remote only when they are closed
so if rclone is quit or dies with open files then these won\[aq]t get
written back to the remote.
However they will still be in the on disk cache.
.SS \-\-vfs\-cache\-mode off
.PP
In this mode the cache will read directly from the remote and write
directly to the remote without caching anything on disk.
.PP
This will mean some operations are not possible
.IP \[bu] 2
Files can\[aq]t be opened for both read AND write
.IP \[bu] 2
Files opened for write can\[aq]t be seeked
.IP \[bu] 2
Existing files opened for write must have O_TRUNC set
.IP \[bu] 2
Files open for read with O_TRUNC will be opened write only
.IP \[bu] 2
Files open for write only will behave as if O_TRUNC was supplied
.IP \[bu] 2
Open modes O_APPEND, O_TRUNC are ignored
.IP \[bu] 2
If an upload fails it can\[aq]t be retried
.SS \-\-vfs\-cache\-mode minimal
.PP
This is very similar to "off" except that files opened for read AND
write will be buffered to disks.
This means that files opened for write will be a lot more compatible,
but uses the minimal disk space.
.PP
These operations are not possible
.IP \[bu] 2
Files opened for write only can\[aq]t be seeked
.IP \[bu] 2
Existing files opened for write must have O_TRUNC set
.IP \[bu] 2
Files opened for write only will ignore O_APPEND, O_TRUNC
.IP \[bu] 2
If an upload fails it can\[aq]t be retried
.SS \-\-vfs\-cache\-mode writes
.PP
In this mode files opened for read only are still read directly from the
remote, write only and read/write files are buffered to disk first.
.PP
This mode should support all normal file system operations.
.PP
If an upload fails it will be retried up to \-\-low\-level\-retries
times.
.SS \-\-vfs\-cache\-mode full
.PP
In this mode all reads and writes are buffered to and from disk.
When a file is opened for read it will be downloaded in its entirety
first.
.PP
This may be appropriate for your needs, or you may prefer to look at the
cache backend which does a much more sophisticated job of caching,
including caching directory hierarchies and chunks of files.
.PP
In this mode, unlike the others, when a file is written to the disk, it
will be kept on the disk after it is written to the remote.
It will be purged on a schedule according to
\f[C]\-\-vfs\-cache\-max\-age\f[].
.PP
This mode should support all normal file system operations.
.PP
If an upload or download fails it will be retried up to
\-\-low\-level\-retries times.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ serve\ webdav\ remote:path\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-addr\ string\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ IPaddress:Port\ or\ :Port\ to\ bind\ server\ to.\ (default\ "localhost:8080")
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-cert\ string\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ SSL\ PEM\ key\ (concatenation\ of\ certificate\ and\ CA\ certificate)
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-client\-ca\ string\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Client\ certificate\ authority\ to\ verify\ clients\ with
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-dir\-cache\-time\ duration\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Time\ to\ cache\ directory\ entries\ for.\ (default\ 5m0s)
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-gid\ uint32\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Override\ the\ gid\ field\ set\ by\ the\ filesystem.\ (default\ 502)
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ help\ for\ webdav
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-htpasswd\ string\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ htpasswd\ file\ \-\ if\ not\ provided\ no\ authentication\ is\ done
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-key\ string\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ SSL\ PEM\ Private\ key
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-max\-header\-bytes\ int\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Maximum\ size\ of\ request\ header\ (default\ 4096)
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-no\-checksum\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Don\[aq]t\ compare\ checksums\ on\ up/download.
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-no\-modtime\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Don\[aq]t\ read/write\ the\ modification\ time\ (can\ speed\ things\ up).
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-no\-seek\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Don\[aq]t\ allow\ seeking\ in\ files.
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-pass\ string\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Password\ for\ authentication.
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-poll\-interval\ duration\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Time\ to\ wait\ between\ polling\ for\ changes.\ Must\ be\ smaller\ than\ dir\-cache\-time.\ Only\ on\ supported\ remotes.\ Set\ to\ 0\ to\ disable.\ (default\ 1m0s)
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-read\-only\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Mount\ read\-only.
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-realm\ string\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ realm\ for\ authentication\ (default\ "rclone")
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-server\-read\-timeout\ duration\ \ \ \ \ \ \ Timeout\ for\ server\ reading\ data\ (default\ 1h0m0s)
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-server\-write\-timeout\ duration\ \ \ \ \ \ Timeout\ for\ server\ writing\ data\ (default\ 1h0m0s)
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-uid\ uint32\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Override\ the\ uid\ field\ set\ by\ the\ filesystem.\ (default\ 502)
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-umask\ int\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Override\ the\ permission\ bits\ set\ by\ the\ filesystem.\ (default\ 2)
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-user\ string\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ User\ name\ for\ authentication.
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-vfs\-cache\-max\-age\ duration\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Max\ age\ of\ objects\ in\ the\ cache.\ (default\ 1h0m0s)
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-vfs\-cache\-mode\ string\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Cache\ mode\ off|minimal|writes|full\ (default\ "off")
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-vfs\-cache\-poll\-interval\ duration\ \ \ Interval\ to\ poll\ the\ cache\ for\ stale\ objects.\ (default\ 1m0s)
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-vfs\-read\-chunk\-size\ int\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Read\ the\ source\ objects\ in\ chunks.
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-vfs\-read\-chunk\-size\-limit\ int\ \ \ \ \ \ If\ greater\ than\ \-\-vfs\-read\-chunk\-size,\ double\ the\ chunk\ size\ after\ each\ chunk\ read,\ until\ the\ limit\ is\ reached.\ \-1\ is\ unlimited.
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone touch
.PP
Create new file or change file modification time.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
Create new file or change file modification time.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ touch\ remote:path\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ help\ for\ touch
\ \ \-C,\ \-\-no\-create\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Do\ not\ create\ the\ file\ if\ it\ does\ not\ exist.
\ \ \-t,\ \-\-timestamp\ string\ \ \ Change\ the\ modification\ times\ to\ the\ specified\ time\ instead\ of\ the\ current\ time\ of\ day.\ The\ argument\ is\ of\ the\ form\ \[aq]YYMMDD\[aq]\ (ex.\ 17.10.30)\ or\ \[aq]YYYY\-MM\-DDTHH:MM:SS\[aq]\ (ex.\ 2006\-01\-02T15:04:05)
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone tree
.PP
List the contents of the remote in a tree like fashion.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
rclone tree lists the contents of a remote in a similar way to the unix
tree command.
.PP
For example
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$\ rclone\ tree\ remote:path
/
├──\ file1
├──\ file2
├──\ file3
└──\ subdir
\ \ \ \ ├──\ file4
\ \ \ \ └──\ file5

1\ directories,\ 5\ files
\f[]
.fi
.PP
You can use any of the filtering options with the tree command (eg
\-\-include and \-\-exclude).
You can also use \-\-fast\-list.
.PP
The tree command has many options for controlling the listing which are
compatible with the tree command.
Note that not all of them have short options as they conflict with
rclone\[aq]s short options.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ tree\ remote:path\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \-a,\ \-\-all\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ All\ files\ are\ listed\ (list\ .\ files\ too).
\ \ \-C,\ \-\-color\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Turn\ colorization\ on\ always.
\ \ \-d,\ \-\-dirs\-only\ \ \ \ \ \ \ List\ directories\ only.
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-dirsfirst\ \ \ \ \ \ \ List\ directories\ before\ files\ (\-U\ disables).
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-full\-path\ \ \ \ \ \ \ Print\ the\ full\ path\ prefix\ for\ each\ file.
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ help\ for\ tree
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-human\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Print\ the\ size\ in\ a\ more\ human\ readable\ way.
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-level\ int\ \ \ \ \ \ \ Descend\ only\ level\ directories\ deep.
\ \ \-D,\ \-\-modtime\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Print\ the\ date\ of\ last\ modification.
\ \ \-i,\ \-\-noindent\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Don\[aq]t\ print\ indentation\ lines.
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-noreport\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Turn\ off\ file/directory\ count\ at\ end\ of\ tree\ listing.
\ \ \-o,\ \-\-output\ string\ \ \ Output\ to\ file\ instead\ of\ stdout.
\ \ \-p,\ \-\-protections\ \ \ \ \ Print\ the\ protections\ for\ each\ file.
\ \ \-Q,\ \-\-quote\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Quote\ filenames\ with\ double\ quotes.
\ \ \-s,\ \-\-size\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Print\ the\ size\ in\ bytes\ of\ each\ file.
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-sort\ string\ \ \ \ \ Select\ sort:\ name,version,size,mtime,ctime.
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-sort\-ctime\ \ \ \ \ \ Sort\ files\ by\ last\ status\ change\ time.
\ \ \-t,\ \-\-sort\-modtime\ \ \ \ Sort\ files\ by\ last\ modification\ time.
\ \ \-r,\ \-\-sort\-reverse\ \ \ \ Reverse\ the\ order\ of\ the\ sort.
\ \ \-U,\ \-\-unsorted\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Leave\ files\ unsorted.
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-version\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Sort\ files\ alphanumerically\ by\ version.
\f[]
.fi
.SS Copying single files
.PP
rclone normally syncs or copies directories.
However, if the source remote points to a file, rclone will just copy
that file.
The destination remote must point to a directory \- rclone will give the
error
\f[C]Failed\ to\ create\ file\ system\ for\ "remote:file":\ is\ a\ file\ not\ a\ directory\f[]
if it isn\[aq]t.
.PP
For example, suppose you have a remote with a file in called
\f[C]test.jpg\f[], then you could copy just that file like this
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ copy\ remote:test.jpg\ /tmp/download
\f[]
.fi
.PP
The file \f[C]test.jpg\f[] will be placed inside \f[C]/tmp/download\f[].
.PP
This is equivalent to specifying
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ copy\ \-\-files\-from\ /tmp/files\ remote:\ /tmp/download
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Where \f[C]/tmp/files\f[] contains the single line
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
test.jpg
\f[]
.fi
.PP
It is recommended to use \f[C]copy\f[] when copying individual files,
not \f[C]sync\f[].
They have pretty much the same effect but \f[C]copy\f[] will use a lot
less memory.
.SS Quoting and the shell
.PP
When you are typing commands to your computer you are using something
called the command line shell.
This interprets various characters in an OS specific way.
.PP
Here are some gotchas which may help users unfamiliar with the shell
rules
.SS Linux / OSX
.PP
If your names have spaces or shell metacharacters (eg \f[C]*\f[],
\f[C]?\f[], \f[C]$\f[], \f[C]\[aq]\f[], \f[C]"\f[] etc) then you must
quote them.
Use single quotes \f[C]\[aq]\f[] by default.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ copy\ \[aq]Important\ files?\[aq]\ remote:backup
\f[]
.fi
.PP
If you want to send a \f[C]\[aq]\f[] you will need to use \f[C]"\f[], eg
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ copy\ "O\[aq]Reilly\ Reviews"\ remote:backup
\f[]
.fi
.PP
The rules for quoting metacharacters are complicated and if you want the
full details you\[aq]ll have to consult the manual page for your shell.
.SS Windows
.PP
If your names have spaces in you need to put them in \f[C]"\f[], eg
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ copy\ "E:\\folder\ name\\folder\ name\\folder\ name"\ remote:backup
\f[]
.fi
.PP
If you are using the root directory on its own then don\[aq]t quote it
(see #464 (https://github.com/ncw/rclone/issues/464) for why), eg
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ copy\ E:\\\ remote:backup
\f[]
.fi
.SS Copying files or directories with \f[C]:\f[] in the names
.PP
rclone uses \f[C]:\f[] to mark a remote name.
This is, however, a valid filename component in non\-Windows OSes.
The remote name parser will only search for a \f[C]:\f[] up to the first
\f[C]/\f[] so if you need to act on a file or directory like this then
use the full path starting with a \f[C]/\f[], or use \f[C]\&./\f[] as a
current directory prefix.
.PP
So to sync a directory called \f[C]sync:me\f[] to a remote called
\f[C]remote:\f[] use
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ sync\ ./sync:me\ remote:path
\f[]
.fi
.PP
or
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ sync\ /full/path/to/sync:me\ remote:path
\f[]
.fi
.SS Server Side Copy
.PP
Most remotes (but not all \- see the
overview (/overview/#optional-features)) support server side copy.
.PP
This means if you want to copy one folder to another then rclone
won\[aq]t download all the files and re\-upload them; it will instruct
the server to copy them in place.
.PP
Eg
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ copy\ s3:oldbucket\ s3:newbucket
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Will copy the contents of \f[C]oldbucket\f[] to \f[C]newbucket\f[]
without downloading and re\-uploading.
.PP
Remotes which don\[aq]t support server side copy \f[B]will\f[] download
and re\-upload in this case.
.PP
Server side copies are used with \f[C]sync\f[] and \f[C]copy\f[] and
will be identified in the log when using the \f[C]\-v\f[] flag.
The \f[C]move\f[] command may also use them if remote doesn\[aq]t
support server side move directly.
This is done by issuing a server side copy then a delete which is much
quicker than a download and re\-upload.
.PP
Server side copies will only be attempted if the remote names are the
same.
.PP
This can be used when scripting to make aged backups efficiently, eg
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ sync\ remote:current\-backup\ remote:previous\-backup
rclone\ sync\ /path/to/files\ remote:current\-backup
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.PP
Rclone has a number of options to control its behaviour.
.PP
Options which use TIME use the go time parser.
A duration string is a possibly signed sequence of decimal numbers, each
with optional fraction and a unit suffix, such as "300ms", "\-1.5h" or
"2h45m".
Valid time units are "ns", "us" (or "µs"), "ms", "s", "m", "h".
.PP
Options which use SIZE use kByte by default.
However, a suffix of \f[C]b\f[] for bytes, \f[C]k\f[] for kBytes,
\f[C]M\f[] for MBytes, \f[C]G\f[] for GBytes, \f[C]T\f[] for TBytes and
\f[C]P\f[] for PBytes may be used.
These are the binary units, eg 1, 2**10, 2**20, 2**30 respectively.
.SS \-\-backup\-dir=DIR
.PP
When using \f[C]sync\f[], \f[C]copy\f[] or \f[C]move\f[] any files which
would have been overwritten or deleted are moved in their original
hierarchy into this directory.
.PP
If \f[C]\-\-suffix\f[] is set, then the moved files will have the suffix
added to them.
If there is a file with the same path (after the suffix has been added)
in DIR, then it will be overwritten.
.PP
The remote in use must support server side move or copy and you must use
the same remote as the destination of the sync.
The backup directory must not overlap the destination directory.
.PP
For example
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ sync\ /path/to/local\ remote:current\ \-\-backup\-dir\ remote:old
\f[]
.fi
.PP
will sync \f[C]/path/to/local\f[] to \f[C]remote:current\f[], but for
any files which would have been updated or deleted will be stored in
\f[C]remote:old\f[].
.PP
If running rclone from a script you might want to use today\[aq]s date
as the directory name passed to \f[C]\-\-backup\-dir\f[] to store the
old files, or you might want to pass \f[C]\-\-suffix\f[] with
today\[aq]s date.
.SS \-\-bind string
.PP
Local address to bind to for outgoing connections.
This can be an IPv4 address (1.2.3.4), an IPv6 address (1234::789A) or
host name.
If the host name doesn\[aq]t resolve or resolves to more than one IP
address it will give an error.
.SS \-\-bwlimit=BANDWIDTH_SPEC
.PP
This option controls the bandwidth limit.
Limits can be specified in two ways: As a single limit, or as a
timetable.
.PP
Single limits last for the duration of the session.
To use a single limit, specify the desired bandwidth in kBytes/s, or use
a suffix b|k|M|G.
The default is \f[C]0\f[] which means to not limit bandwidth.
.PP
For example, to limit bandwidth usage to 10 MBytes/s use
\f[C]\-\-bwlimit\ 10M\f[]
.PP
It is also possible to specify a "timetable" of limits, which will cause
certain limits to be applied at certain times.
To specify a timetable, format your entries as "HH:MM,BANDWIDTH
HH:MM,BANDWIDTH...".
.PP
An example of a typical timetable to avoid link saturation during
daytime working hours could be:
.PP
\f[C]\-\-bwlimit\ "08:00,512\ 12:00,10M\ 13:00,512\ 18:00,30M\ 23:00,off"\f[]
.PP
In this example, the transfer bandwidth will be set to 512kBytes/sec at
8am.
At noon, it will raise to 10Mbytes/s, and drop back to 512kBytes/sec at
1pm.
At 6pm, the bandwidth limit will be set to 30MBytes/s, and at 11pm it
will be completely disabled (full speed).
Anything between 11pm and 8am will remain unlimited.
.PP
Bandwidth limits only apply to the data transfer.
They don\[aq]t apply to the bandwidth of the directory listings etc.
.PP
Note that the units are Bytes/s, not Bits/s.
Typically connections are measured in Bits/s \- to convert divide by 8.
For example, let\[aq]s say you have a 10 Mbit/s connection and you wish
rclone to use half of it \- 5 Mbit/s.
This is 5/8 = 0.625MByte/s so you would use a
\f[C]\-\-bwlimit\ 0.625M\f[] parameter for rclone.
.PP
On Unix systems (Linux, MacOS, \&...) the bandwidth limiter can be
toggled by sending a \f[C]SIGUSR2\f[] signal to rclone.
This allows to remove the limitations of a long running rclone transfer
and to restore it back to the value specified with \f[C]\-\-bwlimit\f[]
quickly when needed.
Assuming there is only one rclone instance running, you can toggle the
limiter like this:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
kill\ \-SIGUSR2\ $(pidof\ rclone)
\f[]
.fi
.PP
If you configure rclone with a remote control (/rc) then you can use
change the bwlimit dynamically:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ rc\ core/bwlimit\ rate=1M
\f[]
.fi
.SS \-\-buffer\-size=SIZE
.PP
Use this sized buffer to speed up file transfers.
Each \f[C]\-\-transfer\f[] will use this much memory for buffering.
.PP
Set to 0 to disable the buffering for the minimum memory usage.
.SS \-\-checkers=N
.PP
The number of checkers to run in parallel.
Checkers do the equality checking of files during a sync.
For some storage systems (eg S3, Swift, Dropbox) this can take a
significant amount of time so they are run in parallel.
.PP
The default is to run 8 checkers in parallel.
.SS \-c, \-\-checksum
.PP
Normally rclone will look at modification time and size of files to see
if they are equal.
If you set this flag then rclone will check the file hash and size to
determine if files are equal.
.PP
This is useful when the remote doesn\[aq]t support setting modified time
and a more accurate sync is desired than just checking the file size.
.PP
This is very useful when transferring between remotes which store the
same hash type on the object, eg Drive and Swift.
For details of which remotes support which hash type see the table in
the overview section (https://rclone.org/overview/).
.PP
Eg \f[C]rclone\ \-\-checksum\ sync\ s3:/bucket\ swift:/bucket\f[] would
run much quicker than without the \f[C]\-\-checksum\f[] flag.
.PP
When using this flag, rclone won\[aq]t update mtimes of remote files if
they are incorrect as it would normally.
.SS \-\-config=CONFIG_FILE
.PP
Specify the location of the rclone config file.
.PP
Normally the config file is in your home directory as a file called
\f[C]\&.config/rclone/rclone.conf\f[] (or \f[C]\&.rclone.conf\f[] if
created with an older version).
If \f[C]$XDG_CONFIG_HOME\f[] is set it will be at
\f[C]$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/rclone/rclone.conf\f[]
.PP
If you run \f[C]rclone\ \-h\f[] and look at the help for the
\f[C]\-\-config\f[] option you will see where the default location is
for you.
.PP
Use this flag to override the config location, eg
\f[C]rclone\ \-\-config=".myconfig"\ .config\f[].
.SS \-\-contimeout=TIME
.PP
Set the connection timeout.
This should be in go time format which looks like \f[C]5s\f[] for 5
seconds, \f[C]10m\f[] for 10 minutes, or \f[C]3h30m\f[].
.PP
The connection timeout is the amount of time rclone will wait for a
connection to go through to a remote object storage system.
It is \f[C]1m\f[] by default.
.SS \-\-dedupe\-mode MODE
.PP
Mode to run dedupe command in.
One of \f[C]interactive\f[], \f[C]skip\f[], \f[C]first\f[],
\f[C]newest\f[], \f[C]oldest\f[], \f[C]rename\f[].
The default is \f[C]interactive\f[].
See the dedupe command for more information as to what these options
mean.
.SS \-\-disable FEATURE,FEATURE,...
.PP
This disables a comma separated list of optional features.
For example to disable server side move and server side copy use:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\-\-disable\ move,copy
\f[]
.fi
.PP
The features can be put in in any case.
.PP
To see a list of which features can be disabled use:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\-\-disable\ help
\f[]
.fi
.PP
See the overview features (/overview/#features) and optional
features (/overview/#optional-features) to get an idea of which feature
does what.
.PP
This flag can be useful for debugging and in exceptional circumstances
(eg Google Drive limiting the total volume of Server Side Copies to
100GB/day).
.SS \-n, \-\-dry\-run
.PP
Do a trial run with no permanent changes.
Use this to see what rclone would do without actually doing it.
Useful when setting up the \f[C]sync\f[] command which deletes files in
the destination.
.SS \-\-ignore\-checksum
.PP
Normally rclone will check that the checksums of transferred files
match, and give an error "corrupted on transfer" if they don\[aq]t.
.PP
You can use this option to skip that check.
You should only use it if you have had the "corrupted on transfer" error
message and you are sure you might want to transfer potentially
corrupted data.
.SS \-\-ignore\-existing
.PP
Using this option will make rclone unconditionally skip all files that
exist on the destination, no matter the content of these files.
.PP
While this isn\[aq]t a generally recommended option, it can be useful in
cases where your files change due to encryption.
However, it cannot correct partial transfers in case a transfer was
interrupted.
.SS \-\-ignore\-size
.PP
Normally rclone will look at modification time and size of files to see
if they are equal.
If you set this flag then rclone will check only the modification time.
If \f[C]\-\-checksum\f[] is set then it only checks the checksum.
.PP
It will also cause rclone to skip verifying the sizes are the same after
transfer.
.PP
This can be useful for transferring files to and from OneDrive which
occasionally misreports the size of image files (see
#399 (https://github.com/ncw/rclone/issues/399) for more info).
.SS \-I, \-\-ignore\-times
.PP
Using this option will cause rclone to unconditionally upload all files
regardless of the state of files on the destination.
.PP
Normally rclone would skip any files that have the same modification
time and are the same size (or have the same checksum if using
\f[C]\-\-checksum\f[]).
.SS \-\-immutable
.PP
Treat source and destination files as immutable and disallow
modification.
.PP
With this option set, files will be created and deleted as requested,
but existing files will never be updated.
If an existing file does not match between the source and destination,
rclone will give the error
\f[C]Source\ and\ destination\ exist\ but\ do\ not\ match:\ immutable\ file\ modified\f[].
.PP
Note that only commands which transfer files (e.g.
\f[C]sync\f[], \f[C]copy\f[], \f[C]move\f[]) are affected by this
behavior, and only modification is disallowed.
Files may still be deleted explicitly (e.g.
\f[C]delete\f[], \f[C]purge\f[]) or implicitly (e.g.
\f[C]sync\f[], \f[C]move\f[]).
Use \f[C]copy\ \-\-immutable\f[] if it is desired to avoid deletion as
well as modification.
.PP
This can be useful as an additional layer of protection for immutable or
append\-only data sets (notably backup archives), where modification
implies corruption and should not be propagated.
.SS \-\-leave\-root
.PP
During rmdirs it will not remove root directory, even if it\[aq]s empty.
.SS \-\-log\-file=FILE
.PP
Log all of rclone\[aq]s output to FILE.
This is not active by default.
This can be useful for tracking down problems with syncs in combination
with the \f[C]\-v\f[] flag.
See the Logging section (#logging) for more info.
.PP
Note that if you are using the \f[C]logrotate\f[] program to manage
rclone\[aq]s logs, then you should use the \f[C]copytruncate\f[] option
as rclone doesn\[aq]t have a signal to rotate logs.
.SS \-\-log\-level LEVEL
.PP
This sets the log level for rclone.
The default log level is \f[C]NOTICE\f[].
.PP
\f[C]DEBUG\f[] is equivalent to \f[C]\-vv\f[].
It outputs lots of debug info \- useful for bug reports and really
finding out what rclone is doing.
.PP
\f[C]INFO\f[] is equivalent to \f[C]\-v\f[].
It outputs information about each transfer and prints stats once a
minute by default.
.PP
\f[C]NOTICE\f[] is the default log level if no logging flags are
supplied.
It outputs very little when things are working normally.
It outputs warnings and significant events.
.PP
\f[C]ERROR\f[] is equivalent to \f[C]\-q\f[].
It only outputs error messages.
.SS \-\-low\-level\-retries NUMBER
.PP
This controls the number of low level retries rclone does.
.PP
A low level retry is used to retry a failing operation \- typically one
HTTP request.
This might be uploading a chunk of a big file for example.
You will see low level retries in the log with the \f[C]\-v\f[] flag.
.PP
This shouldn\[aq]t need to be changed from the default in normal
operations.
However, if you get a lot of low level retries you may wish to reduce
the value so rclone moves on to a high level retry (see the
\f[C]\-\-retries\f[] flag) quicker.
.PP
Disable low level retries with \f[C]\-\-low\-level\-retries\ 1\f[].
.SS \-\-max\-delete=N
.PP
This tells rclone not to delete more than N files.
If that limit is exceeded then a fatal error will be generated and
rclone will stop the operation in progress.
.SS \-\-max\-depth=N
.PP
This modifies the recursion depth for all the commands except purge.
.PP
So if you do \f[C]rclone\ \-\-max\-depth\ 1\ ls\ remote:path\f[] you
will see only the files in the top level directory.
Using \f[C]\-\-max\-depth\ 2\f[] means you will see all the files in
first two directory levels and so on.
.PP
For historical reasons the \f[C]lsd\f[] command defaults to using a
\f[C]\-\-max\-depth\f[] of 1 \- you can override this with the command
line flag.
.PP
You can use this command to disable recursion (with
\f[C]\-\-max\-depth\ 1\f[]).
.PP
Note that if you use this with \f[C]sync\f[] and
\f[C]\-\-delete\-excluded\f[] the files not recursed through are
considered excluded and will be deleted on the destination.
Test first with \f[C]\-\-dry\-run\f[] if you are not sure what will
happen.
.SS \-\-max\-transfer=SIZE
.PP
Rclone will stop transferring when it has reached the size specified.
Defaults to off.
.PP
When the limit is reached all transfers will stop immediately.
.PP
Rclone will exit with exit code 8 if the transfer limit is reached.
.SS \-\-modify\-window=TIME
.PP
When checking whether a file has been modified, this is the maximum
allowed time difference that a file can have and still be considered
equivalent.
.PP
The default is \f[C]1ns\f[] unless this is overridden by a remote.
For example OS X only stores modification times to the nearest second so
if you are reading and writing to an OS X filing system this will be
\f[C]1s\f[] by default.
.PP
This command line flag allows you to override that computed default.
.SS \-\-no\-gzip\-encoding
.PP
Don\[aq]t set \f[C]Accept\-Encoding:\ gzip\f[].
This means that rclone won\[aq]t ask the server for compressed files
automatically.
Useful if you\[aq]ve set the server to return files with
\f[C]Content\-Encoding:\ gzip\f[] but you uploaded compressed files.
.PP
There is no need to set this in normal operation, and doing so will
decrease the network transfer efficiency of rclone.
.SS \-\-no\-update\-modtime
.PP
When using this flag, rclone won\[aq]t update modification times of
remote files if they are incorrect as it would normally.
.PP
This can be used if the remote is being synced with another tool also
(eg the Google Drive client).
.SS \-q, \-\-quiet
.PP
Normally rclone outputs stats and a completion message.
If you set this flag it will make as little output as possible.
.SS \-\-retries int
.PP
Retry the entire sync if it fails this many times it fails (default 3).
.PP
Some remotes can be unreliable and a few retries help pick up the files
which didn\[aq]t get transferred because of errors.
.PP
Disable retries with \f[C]\-\-retries\ 1\f[].
.SS \-\-retries\-sleep=TIME
.PP
This sets the interval between each retry specified by
\f[C]\-\-retries\f[]
.PP
The default is 0.
Use 0 to disable.
.SS \-\-size\-only
.PP
Normally rclone will look at modification time and size of files to see
if they are equal.
If you set this flag then rclone will check only the size.
.PP
This can be useful transferring files from Dropbox which have been
modified by the desktop sync client which doesn\[aq]t set checksums of
modification times in the same way as rclone.
.SS \-\-stats=TIME
.PP
Commands which transfer data (\f[C]sync\f[], \f[C]copy\f[],
\f[C]copyto\f[], \f[C]move\f[], \f[C]moveto\f[]) will print data
transfer stats at regular intervals to show their progress.
.PP
This sets the interval.
.PP
The default is \f[C]1m\f[].
Use 0 to disable.
.PP
If you set the stats interval then all commands can show stats.
This can be useful when running other commands, \f[C]check\f[] or
\f[C]mount\f[] for example.
.PP
Stats are logged at \f[C]INFO\f[] level by default which means they
won\[aq]t show at default log level \f[C]NOTICE\f[].
Use \f[C]\-\-stats\-log\-level\ NOTICE\f[] or \f[C]\-v\f[] to make them
show.
See the Logging section (#logging) for more info on log levels.
.PP
Note that on macOS you can send a SIGINFO (which is normally ctrl\-T in
the terminal) to make the stats print immediately.
.SS \-\-stats\-file\-name\-length integer
.PP
By default, the \f[C]\-\-stats\f[] output will truncate file names and
paths longer than 40 characters.
This is equivalent to providing
\f[C]\-\-stats\-file\-name\-length\ 40\f[].
Use \f[C]\-\-stats\-file\-name\-length\ 0\f[] to disable any truncation
of file names printed by stats.
.SS \-\-stats\-log\-level string
.PP
Log level to show \f[C]\-\-stats\f[] output at.
This can be \f[C]DEBUG\f[], \f[C]INFO\f[], \f[C]NOTICE\f[], or
\f[C]ERROR\f[].
The default is \f[C]INFO\f[].
This means at the default level of logging which is \f[C]NOTICE\f[] the
stats won\[aq]t show \- if you want them to then use
\f[C]\-\-stats\-log\-level\ NOTICE\f[].
See the Logging section (#logging) for more info on log levels.
.SS \-\-stats\-unit=bits|bytes
.PP
By default, data transfer rates will be printed in bytes/second.
.PP
This option allows the data rate to be printed in bits/second.
.PP
Data transfer volume will still be reported in bytes.
.PP
The rate is reported as a binary unit, not SI unit.
So 1 Mbit/s equals 1,048,576 bits/s and not 1,000,000 bits/s.
.PP
The default is \f[C]bytes\f[].
.SS \-\-suffix=SUFFIX
.PP
This is for use with \f[C]\-\-backup\-dir\f[] only.
If this isn\[aq]t set then \f[C]\-\-backup\-dir\f[] will move files with
their original name.
If it is set then the files will have SUFFIX added on to them.
.PP
See \f[C]\-\-backup\-dir\f[] for more info.
.SS \-\-syslog
.PP
On capable OSes (not Windows or Plan9) send all log output to syslog.
.PP
This can be useful for running rclone in a script or
\f[C]rclone\ mount\f[].
.SS \-\-syslog\-facility string
.PP
If using \f[C]\-\-syslog\f[] this sets the syslog facility (eg
\f[C]KERN\f[], \f[C]USER\f[]).
See \f[C]man\ syslog\f[] for a list of possible facilities.
The default facility is \f[C]DAEMON\f[].
.SS \-\-tpslimit float
.PP
Limit HTTP transactions per second to this.
Default is 0 which is used to mean unlimited transactions per second.
.PP
For example to limit rclone to 10 HTTP transactions per second use
\f[C]\-\-tpslimit\ 10\f[], or to 1 transaction every 2 seconds use
\f[C]\-\-tpslimit\ 0.5\f[].
.PP
Use this when the number of transactions per second from rclone is
causing a problem with the cloud storage provider (eg getting you banned
or rate limited).
.PP
This can be very useful for \f[C]rclone\ mount\f[] to control the
behaviour of applications using it.
.PP
See also \f[C]\-\-tpslimit\-burst\f[].
.SS \-\-tpslimit\-burst int
.PP
Max burst of transactions for \f[C]\-\-tpslimit\f[].
(default 1)
.PP
Normally \f[C]\-\-tpslimit\f[] will do exactly the number of transaction
per second specified.
However if you supply \f[C]\-\-tps\-burst\f[] then rclone can save up
some transactions from when it was idle giving a burst of up to the
parameter supplied.
.PP
For example if you provide \f[C]\-\-tpslimit\-burst\ 10\f[] then if
rclone has been idle for more than 10*\f[C]\-\-tpslimit\f[] then it can
do 10 transactions very quickly before they are limited again.
.PP
This may be used to increase performance of \f[C]\-\-tpslimit\f[]
without changing the long term average number of transactions per
second.
.SS \-\-track\-renames
.PP
By default, rclone doesn\[aq]t keep track of renamed files, so if you
rename a file locally then sync it to a remote, rclone will delete the
old file on the remote and upload a new copy.
.PP
If you use this flag, and the remote supports server side copy or server
side move, and the source and destination have a compatible hash, then
this will track renames during \f[C]sync\f[], \f[C]copy\f[], and
\f[C]move\f[] operations and perform renaming server\-side.
.PP
Files will be matched by size and hash \- if both match then a rename
will be considered.
.PP
If the destination does not support server\-side copy or move, rclone
will fall back to the default behaviour and log an error level message
to the console.
.PP
Note that \f[C]\-\-track\-renames\f[] uses extra memory to keep track of
all the rename candidates.
.PP
Note also that \f[C]\-\-track\-renames\f[] is incompatible with
\f[C]\-\-delete\-before\f[] and will select \f[C]\-\-delete\-after\f[]
instead of \f[C]\-\-delete\-during\f[].
.SS \-\-delete\-(before,during,after)
.PP
This option allows you to specify when files on your destination are
deleted when you sync folders.
.PP
Specifying the value \f[C]\-\-delete\-before\f[] will delete all files
present on the destination, but not on the source \f[I]before\f[]
starting the transfer of any new or updated files.
This uses two passes through the file systems, one for the deletions and
one for the copies.
.PP
Specifying \f[C]\-\-delete\-during\f[] will delete files while checking
and uploading files.
This is the fastest option and uses the least memory.
.PP
Specifying \f[C]\-\-delete\-after\f[] (the default value) will delay
deletion of files until all new/updated files have been successfully
transferred.
The files to be deleted are collected in the copy pass then deleted
after the copy pass has completed successfully.
The files to be deleted are held in memory so this mode may use more
memory.
This is the safest mode as it will only delete files if there have been
no errors subsequent to that.
If there have been errors before the deletions start then you will get
the message \f[C]not\ deleting\ files\ as\ there\ were\ IO\ errors\f[].
.SS \-\-fast\-list
.PP
When doing anything which involves a directory listing (eg
\f[C]sync\f[], \f[C]copy\f[], \f[C]ls\f[] \- in fact nearly every
command), rclone normally lists a directory and processes it before
using more directory lists to process any subdirectories.
This can be parallelised and works very quickly using the least amount
of memory.
.PP
However, some remotes have a way of listing all files beneath a
directory in one (or a small number) of transactions.
These tend to be the bucket based remotes (eg S3, B2, GCS, Swift,
Hubic).
.PP
If you use the \f[C]\-\-fast\-list\f[] flag then rclone will use this
method for listing directories.
This will have the following consequences for the listing:
.IP \[bu] 2
It \f[B]will\f[] use fewer transactions (important if you pay for them)
.IP \[bu] 2
It \f[B]will\f[] use more memory.
Rclone has to load the whole listing into memory.
.IP \[bu] 2
It \f[I]may\f[] be faster because it uses fewer transactions
.IP \[bu] 2
It \f[I]may\f[] be slower because it can\[aq]t be parallelized
.PP
rclone should always give identical results with and without
\f[C]\-\-fast\-list\f[].
.PP
If you pay for transactions and can fit your entire sync listing into
memory then \f[C]\-\-fast\-list\f[] is recommended.
If you have a very big sync to do then don\[aq]t use
\f[C]\-\-fast\-list\f[] otherwise you will run out of memory.
.PP
If you use \f[C]\-\-fast\-list\f[] on a remote which doesn\[aq]t support
it, then rclone will just ignore it.
.SS \-\-timeout=TIME
.PP
This sets the IO idle timeout.
If a transfer has started but then becomes idle for this long it is
considered broken and disconnected.
.PP
The default is \f[C]5m\f[].
Set to 0 to disable.
.SS \-\-transfers=N
.PP
The number of file transfers to run in parallel.
It can sometimes be useful to set this to a smaller number if the remote
is giving a lot of timeouts or bigger if you have lots of bandwidth and
a fast remote.
.PP
The default is to run 4 file transfers in parallel.
.SS \-u, \-\-update
.PP
This forces rclone to skip any files which exist on the destination and
have a modified time that is newer than the source file.
.PP
If an existing destination file has a modification time equal (within
the computed modify window precision) to the source file\[aq]s, it will
be updated if the sizes are different.
.PP
On remotes which don\[aq]t support mod time directly the time checked
will be the uploaded time.
This means that if uploading to one of these remotes, rclone will skip
any files which exist on the destination and have an uploaded time that
is newer than the modification time of the source file.
.PP
This can be useful when transferring to a remote which doesn\[aq]t
support mod times directly as it is more accurate than a
\f[C]\-\-size\-only\f[] check and faster than using
\f[C]\-\-checksum\f[].
.SS \-\-use\-server\-modtime
.PP
Some object\-store backends (e.g, Swift, S3) do not preserve file
modification times (modtime).
On these backends, rclone stores the original modtime as additional
metadata on the object.
By default it will make an API call to retrieve the metadata when the
modtime is needed by an operation.
.PP
Use this flag to disable the extra API call and rely instead on the
server\[aq]s modified time.
In cases such as a local to remote sync, knowing the local file is newer
than the time it was last uploaded to the remote is sufficient.
In those cases, this flag can speed up the process and reduce the number
of API calls necessary.
.SS \-v, \-vv, \-\-verbose
.PP
With \f[C]\-v\f[] rclone will tell you about each file that is
transferred and a small number of significant events.
.PP
With \f[C]\-vv\f[] rclone will become very verbose telling you about
every file it considers and transfers.
Please send bug reports with a log with this setting.
.SS \-V, \-\-version
.PP
Prints the version number
.SS Configuration Encryption
.PP
Your configuration file contains information for logging in to your
cloud services.
This means that you should keep your \f[C]\&.rclone.conf\f[] file in a
secure location.
.PP
If you are in an environment where that isn\[aq]t possible, you can add
a password to your configuration.
This means that you will have to enter the password every time you start
rclone.
.PP
To add a password to your rclone configuration, execute
\f[C]rclone\ config\f[].
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
>rclone\ config
Current\ remotes:

e)\ Edit\ existing\ remote
n)\ New\ remote
d)\ Delete\ remote
s)\ Set\ configuration\ password
q)\ Quit\ config
e/n/d/s/q>
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Go into \f[C]s\f[], Set configuration password:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
e/n/d/s/q>\ s
Your\ configuration\ is\ not\ encrypted.
If\ you\ add\ a\ password,\ you\ will\ protect\ your\ login\ information\ to\ cloud\ services.
a)\ Add\ Password
q)\ Quit\ to\ main\ menu
a/q>\ a
Enter\ NEW\ configuration\ password:
password:
Confirm\ NEW\ password:
password:
Password\ set
Your\ configuration\ is\ encrypted.
c)\ Change\ Password
u)\ Unencrypt\ configuration
q)\ Quit\ to\ main\ menu
c/u/q>
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Your configuration is now encrypted, and every time you start rclone you
will now be asked for the password.
In the same menu, you can change the password or completely remove
encryption from your configuration.
.PP
There is no way to recover the configuration if you lose your password.
.PP
rclone uses nacl
secretbox (https://godoc.org/golang.org/x/crypto/nacl/secretbox) which
in turn uses XSalsa20 and Poly1305 to encrypt and authenticate your
configuration with secret\-key cryptography.
The password is SHA\-256 hashed, which produces the key for secretbox.
The hashed password is not stored.
.PP
While this provides very good security, we do not recommend storing your
encrypted rclone configuration in public if it contains sensitive
information, maybe except if you use a very strong password.
.PP
If it is safe in your environment, you can set the
\f[C]RCLONE_CONFIG_PASS\f[] environment variable to contain your
password, in which case it will be used for decrypting the
configuration.
.PP
You can set this for a session from a script.
For unix like systems save this to a file called
\f[C]set\-rclone\-password\f[]:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
#!/bin/echo\ Source\ this\ file\ don\[aq]t\ run\ it

read\ \-s\ RCLONE_CONFIG_PASS
export\ RCLONE_CONFIG_PASS
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Then source the file when you want to use it.
From the shell you would do \f[C]source\ set\-rclone\-password\f[].
It will then ask you for the password and set it in the environment
variable.
.PP
If you are running rclone inside a script, you might want to disable
password prompts.
To do that, pass the parameter \f[C]\-\-ask\-password=false\f[] to
rclone.
This will make rclone fail instead of asking for a password if
\f[C]RCLONE_CONFIG_PASS\f[] doesn\[aq]t contain a valid password.
.SS Developer options
.PP
These options are useful when developing or debugging rclone.
There are also some more remote specific options which aren\[aq]t
documented here which are used for testing.
These start with remote name eg \f[C]\-\-drive\-test\-option\f[] \- see
the docs for the remote in question.
.SS \-\-cpuprofile=FILE
.PP
Write CPU profile to file.
This can be analysed with \f[C]go\ tool\ pprof\f[].
.SS \-\-dump flag,flag,flag
.PP
The \f[C]\-\-dump\f[] flag takes a comma separated list of flags to dump
info about.
These are:
.SS \-\-dump headers
.PP
Dump HTTP headers with \f[C]Authorization:\f[] lines removed.
May still contain sensitive info.
Can be very verbose.
Useful for debugging only.
.PP
Use \f[C]\-\-dump\ auth\f[] if you do want the \f[C]Authorization:\f[]
headers.
.SS \-\-dump bodies
.PP
Dump HTTP headers and bodies \- may contain sensitive info.
Can be very verbose.
Useful for debugging only.
.PP
Note that the bodies are buffered in memory so don\[aq]t use this for
enormous files.
.SS \-\-dump requests
.PP
Like \f[C]\-\-dump\ bodies\f[] but dumps the request bodies and the
response headers.
Useful for debugging download problems.
.SS \-\-dump responses
.PP
Like \f[C]\-\-dump\ bodies\f[] but dumps the response bodies and the
request headers.
Useful for debugging upload problems.
.SS \-\-dump auth
.PP
Dump HTTP headers \- will contain sensitive info such as
\f[C]Authorization:\f[] headers \- use \f[C]\-\-dump\ headers\f[] to
dump without \f[C]Authorization:\f[] headers.
Can be very verbose.
Useful for debugging only.
.SS \-\-dump filters
.PP
Dump the filters to the output.
Useful to see exactly what include and exclude options are filtering on.
.SS \-\-dump goroutines
.PP
This dumps a list of the running go\-routines at the end of the command
to standard output.
.SS \-\-dump openfiles
.PP
This dumps a list of the open files at the end of the command.
It uses the \f[C]lsof\f[] command to do that so you\[aq]ll need that
installed to use it.
.SS \-\-memprofile=FILE
.PP
Write memory profile to file.
This can be analysed with \f[C]go\ tool\ pprof\f[].
.SS \-\-no\-check\-certificate=true/false
.PP
\f[C]\-\-no\-check\-certificate\f[] controls whether a client verifies
the server\[aq]s certificate chain and host name.
If \f[C]\-\-no\-check\-certificate\f[] is true, TLS accepts any
certificate presented by the server and any host name in that
certificate.
In this mode, TLS is susceptible to man\-in\-the\-middle attacks.
.PP
This option defaults to \f[C]false\f[].
.PP
\f[B]This should be used only for testing.\f[]
.SS Filtering
.PP
For the filtering options
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-delete\-excluded\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-filter\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-filter\-from\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-exclude\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-exclude\-from\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-include\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-include\-from\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-files\-from\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-min\-size\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-max\-size\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-min\-age\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-max\-age\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-dump\ filters\f[]
.PP
See the filtering section (https://rclone.org/filtering/).
.SS Remote control
.PP
For the remote control options and for instructions on how to remote
control rclone
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-rc\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
and anything starting with \f[C]\-\-rc\-\f[]
.PP
See the remote control section (https://rclone.org/rc/).
.SS Logging
.PP
rclone has 4 levels of logging, \f[C]ERROR\f[], \f[C]NOTICE\f[],
\f[C]INFO\f[] and \f[C]DEBUG\f[].
.PP
By default, rclone logs to standard error.
This means you can redirect standard error and still see the normal
output of rclone commands (eg \f[C]rclone\ ls\f[]).
.PP
By default, rclone will produce \f[C]Error\f[] and \f[C]Notice\f[] level
messages.
.PP
If you use the \f[C]\-q\f[] flag, rclone will only produce
\f[C]Error\f[] messages.
.PP
If you use the \f[C]\-v\f[] flag, rclone will produce \f[C]Error\f[],
\f[C]Notice\f[] and \f[C]Info\f[] messages.
.PP
If you use the \f[C]\-vv\f[] flag, rclone will produce \f[C]Error\f[],
\f[C]Notice\f[], \f[C]Info\f[] and \f[C]Debug\f[] messages.
.PP
You can also control the log levels with the \f[C]\-\-log\-level\f[]
flag.
.PP
If you use the \f[C]\-\-log\-file=FILE\f[] option, rclone will redirect
\f[C]Error\f[], \f[C]Info\f[] and \f[C]Debug\f[] messages along with
standard error to FILE.
.PP
If you use the \f[C]\-\-syslog\f[] flag then rclone will log to syslog
and the \f[C]\-\-syslog\-facility\f[] control which facility it uses.
.PP
Rclone prefixes all log messages with their level in capitals, eg INFO
which makes it easy to grep the log file for different kinds of
information.
.SS Exit Code
.PP
If any errors occur during the command execution, rclone will exit with
a non\-zero exit code.
This allows scripts to detect when rclone operations have failed.
.PP
During the startup phase, rclone will exit immediately if an error is
detected in the configuration.
There will always be a log message immediately before exiting.
.PP
When rclone is running it will accumulate errors as it goes along, and
only exit with a non\-zero exit code if (after retries) there were still
failed transfers.
For every error counted there will be a high priority log message
(visible with \f[C]\-q\f[]) showing the message and which file caused
the problem.
A high priority message is also shown when starting a retry so the user
can see that any previous error messages may not be valid after the
retry.
If rclone has done a retry it will log a high priority message if the
retry was successful.
.SS List of exit codes
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]0\f[] \- success
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]1\f[] \- Syntax or usage error
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]2\f[] \- Error not otherwise categorised
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]3\f[] \- Directory not found
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]4\f[] \- File not found
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]5\f[] \- Temporary error (one that more retries might fix) (Retry
errors)
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]6\f[] \- Less serious errors (like 461 errors from dropbox)
(NoRetry errors)
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]7\f[] \- Fatal error (one that more retries won\[aq]t fix, like
account suspended) (Fatal errors)
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]8\f[] \- Transfer exceeded \- limit set by \-\-max\-transfer
reached
.SS Environment Variables
.PP
Rclone can be configured entirely using environment variables.
These can be used to set defaults for options or config file entries.
.SS Options
.PP
Every option in rclone can have its default set by environment variable.
.PP
To find the name of the environment variable, first, take the long
option name, strip the leading \f[C]\-\-\f[], change \f[C]\-\f[] to
\f[C]_\f[], make upper case and prepend \f[C]RCLONE_\f[].
.PP
For example, to always set \f[C]\-\-stats\ 5s\f[], set the environment
variable \f[C]RCLONE_STATS=5s\f[].
If you set stats on the command line this will override the environment
variable setting.
.PP
Or to always use the trash in drive \f[C]\-\-drive\-use\-trash\f[], set
\f[C]RCLONE_DRIVE_USE_TRASH=true\f[].
.PP
The same parser is used for the options and the environment variables so
they take exactly the same form.
.SS Config file
.PP
You can set defaults for values in the config file on an individual
remote basis.
If you want to use this feature, you will need to discover the name of
the config items that you want.
The easiest way is to run through \f[C]rclone\ config\f[] by hand, then
look in the config file to see what the values are (the config file can
be found by looking at the help for \f[C]\-\-config\f[] in
\f[C]rclone\ help\f[]).
.PP
To find the name of the environment variable, you need to set, take
\f[C]RCLONE_CONFIG_\f[] + name of remote + \f[C]_\f[] + name of config
file option and make it all uppercase.
.PP
For example, to configure an S3 remote named \f[C]mys3:\f[] without a
config file (using unix ways of setting environment variables):
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$\ export\ RCLONE_CONFIG_MYS3_TYPE=s3
$\ export\ RCLONE_CONFIG_MYS3_ACCESS_KEY_ID=XXX
$\ export\ RCLONE_CONFIG_MYS3_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=XXX
$\ rclone\ lsd\ MYS3:
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-1\ 2016\-09\-21\ 12:54:21\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-1\ my\-bucket
$\ rclone\ listremotes\ |\ grep\ mys3
mys3:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Note that if you want to create a remote using environment variables you
must create the \f[C]\&..._TYPE\f[] variable as above.
.SS Other environment variables
.IP \[bu] 2
RCLONE_CONFIG_PASS` set to contain your config file password (see
Configuration Encryption (#configuration-encryption) section)
.IP \[bu] 2
HTTP_PROXY, HTTPS_PROXY and NO_PROXY (or the lowercase versions
thereof).
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
HTTPS_PROXY takes precedence over HTTP_PROXY for https requests.
.IP \[bu] 2
The environment values may be either a complete URL or a "host[:port]"
for, in which case the "http" scheme is assumed.
.RE
.SH Configuring rclone on a remote / headless machine
.PP
Some of the configurations (those involving oauth2) require an Internet
connected web browser.
.PP
If you are trying to set rclone up on a remote or headless box with no
browser available on it (eg a NAS or a server in a datacenter) then you
will need to use an alternative means of configuration.
There are two ways of doing it, described below.
.SS Configuring using rclone authorize
.PP
On the headless box
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\&...
Remote\ config
Use\ auto\ config?
\ *\ Say\ Y\ if\ not\ sure
\ *\ Say\ N\ if\ you\ are\ working\ on\ a\ remote\ or\ headless\ machine
y)\ Yes
n)\ No
y/n>\ n
For\ this\ to\ work,\ you\ will\ need\ rclone\ available\ on\ a\ machine\ that\ has\ a\ web\ browser\ available.
Execute\ the\ following\ on\ your\ machine:
\ \ \ \ rclone\ authorize\ "amazon\ cloud\ drive"
Then\ paste\ the\ result\ below:
result>
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Then on your main desktop machine
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ authorize\ "amazon\ cloud\ drive"
If\ your\ browser\ doesn\[aq]t\ open\ automatically\ go\ to\ the\ following\ link:\ http://127.0.0.1:53682/auth
Log\ in\ and\ authorize\ rclone\ for\ access
Waiting\ for\ code...
Got\ code
Paste\ the\ following\ into\ your\ remote\ machine\ \-\-\->
SECRET_TOKEN
<\-\-\-End\ paste
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Then back to the headless box, paste in the code
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
result>\ SECRET_TOKEN
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
[acd12]
client_id\ =\ 
client_secret\ =\ 
token\ =\ SECRET_TOKEN
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
y)\ Yes\ this\ is\ OK
e)\ Edit\ this\ remote
d)\ Delete\ this\ remote
y/e/d>
\f[]
.fi
.SS Configuring by copying the config file
.PP
Rclone stores all of its config in a single configuration file.
This can easily be copied to configure a remote rclone.
.PP
So first configure rclone on your desktop machine
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ config
\f[]
.fi
.PP
to set up the config file.
.PP
Find the config file by running \f[C]rclone\ \-h\f[] and looking for the
help for the \f[C]\-\-config\f[] option
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$\ rclone\ \-h
[snip]
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-config="/home/user/.rclone.conf":\ Config\ file.
[snip]
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Now transfer it to the remote box (scp, cut paste, ftp, sftp etc) and
place it in the correct place (use \f[C]rclone\ \-h\f[] on the remote
box to find out where).
.SH Filtering, includes and excludes
.PP
Rclone has a sophisticated set of include and exclude rules.
Some of these are based on patterns and some on other things like file
size.
.PP
The filters are applied for the \f[C]copy\f[], \f[C]sync\f[],
\f[C]move\f[], \f[C]ls\f[], \f[C]lsl\f[], \f[C]md5sum\f[],
\f[C]sha1sum\f[], \f[C]size\f[], \f[C]delete\f[] and \f[C]check\f[]
operations.
Note that \f[C]purge\f[] does not obey the filters.
.PP
Each path as it passes through rclone is matched against the include and
exclude rules like \f[C]\-\-include\f[], \f[C]\-\-exclude\f[],
\f[C]\-\-include\-from\f[], \f[C]\-\-exclude\-from\f[],
\f[C]\-\-filter\f[], or \f[C]\-\-filter\-from\f[].
The simplest way to try them out is using the \f[C]ls\f[] command, or
\f[C]\-\-dry\-run\f[] together with \f[C]\-v\f[].
.SS Patterns
.PP
The patterns used to match files for inclusion or exclusion are based on
"file globs" as used by the unix shell.
.PP
If the pattern starts with a \f[C]/\f[] then it only matches at the top
level of the directory tree, \f[B]relative to the root of the remote\f[]
(not necessarily the root of the local drive).
If it doesn\[aq]t start with \f[C]/\f[] then it is matched starting at
the \f[B]end of the path\f[], but it will only match a complete path
element:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
file.jpg\ \ \-\ matches\ "file.jpg"
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-\ matches\ "directory/file.jpg"
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-\ doesn\[aq]t\ match\ "afile.jpg"
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-\ doesn\[aq]t\ match\ "directory/afile.jpg"
/file.jpg\ \-\ matches\ "file.jpg"\ in\ the\ root\ directory\ of\ the\ remote
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-\ doesn\[aq]t\ match\ "afile.jpg"
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-\ doesn\[aq]t\ match\ "directory/file.jpg"
\f[]
.fi
.PP
\f[B]Important\f[] Note that you must use \f[C]/\f[] in patterns and not
\f[C]\\\f[] even if running on Windows.
.PP
A \f[C]*\f[] matches anything but not a \f[C]/\f[].
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
*.jpg\ \ \-\ matches\ "file.jpg"
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-\ matches\ "directory/file.jpg"
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-\ doesn\[aq]t\ match\ "file.jpg/something"
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Use \f[C]**\f[] to match anything, including slashes (\f[C]/\f[]).
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
dir/**\ \-\ matches\ "dir/file.jpg"
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-\ matches\ "dir/dir1/dir2/file.jpg"
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-\ doesn\[aq]t\ match\ "directory/file.jpg"
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-\ doesn\[aq]t\ match\ "adir/file.jpg"
\f[]
.fi
.PP
A \f[C]?\f[] matches any character except a slash \f[C]/\f[].
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
l?ss\ \ \-\ matches\ "less"
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\ matches\ "lass"
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\ doesn\[aq]t\ match\ "floss"
\f[]
.fi
.PP
A \f[C][\f[] and \f[C]]\f[] together make a a character class, such as
\f[C][a\-z]\f[] or \f[C][aeiou]\f[] or \f[C][[:alpha:]]\f[].
See the go regexp docs (https://golang.org/pkg/regexp/syntax/) for more
info on these.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
h[ae]llo\ \-\ matches\ "hello"
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-\ matches\ "hallo"
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-\ doesn\[aq]t\ match\ "hullo"
\f[]
.fi
.PP
A \f[C]{\f[] and \f[C]}\f[] define a choice between elements.
It should contain a comma separated list of patterns, any of which might
match.
These patterns can contain wildcards.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
{one,two}_potato\ \-\ matches\ "one_potato"
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-\ matches\ "two_potato"
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-\ doesn\[aq]t\ match\ "three_potato"
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-\ doesn\[aq]t\ match\ "_potato"
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Special characters can be escaped with a \f[C]\\\f[] before them.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\\*.jpg\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-\ matches\ "*.jpg"
\\\\.jpg\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-\ matches\ "\\.jpg"
\\[one\\].jpg\ \ \-\ matches\ "[one].jpg"
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Note also that rclone filter globs can only be used in one of the filter
command line flags, not in the specification of the remote, so
\f[C]rclone\ copy\ "remote:dir*.jpg"\ /path/to/dir\f[] won\[aq]t work \-
what is required is
\f[C]rclone\ \-\-include\ "*.jpg"\ copy\ remote:dir\ /path/to/dir\f[]
.SS Directories
.PP
Rclone keeps track of directories that could match any file patterns.
.PP
Eg if you add the include rule
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
/a/*.jpg
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Rclone will synthesize the directory include rule
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
/a/
\f[]
.fi
.PP
If you put any rules which end in \f[C]/\f[] then it will only match
directories.
.PP
Directory matches are \f[B]only\f[] used to optimise directory access
patterns \- you must still match the files that you want to match.
Directory matches won\[aq]t optimise anything on bucket based remotes
(eg s3, swift, google compute storage, b2) which don\[aq]t have a
concept of directory.
.SS Differences between rsync and rclone patterns
.PP
Rclone implements bash style \f[C]{a,b,c}\f[] glob matching which rsync
doesn\[aq]t.
.PP
Rclone always does a wildcard match so \f[C]\\\f[] must always escape a
\f[C]\\\f[].
.SS How the rules are used
.PP
Rclone maintains a combined list of include rules and exclude rules.
.PP
Each file is matched in order, starting from the top, against the rule
in the list until it finds a match.
The file is then included or excluded according to the rule type.
.PP
If the matcher fails to find a match after testing against all the
entries in the list then the path is included.
.PP
For example given the following rules, \f[C]+\f[] being include,
\f[C]\-\f[] being exclude,
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\-\ secret*.jpg
+\ *.jpg
+\ *.png
+\ file2.avi
\-\ *
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This would include
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]file1.jpg\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]file3.png\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]file2.avi\f[]
.PP
This would exclude
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]secret17.jpg\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
non \f[C]*.jpg\f[] and \f[C]*.png\f[]
.PP
A similar process is done on directory entries before recursing into
them.
This only works on remotes which have a concept of directory (Eg local,
google drive, onedrive, amazon drive) and not on bucket based remotes
(eg s3, swift, google compute storage, b2).
.SS Adding filtering rules
.PP
Filtering rules are added with the following command line flags.
.SS Repeating options
.PP
You can repeat the following options to add more than one rule of that
type.
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-include\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-include\-from\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-exclude\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-exclude\-from\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-filter\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-filter\-from\f[]
.PP
\f[B]Important\f[] You should not use \f[C]\-\-include*\f[] together
with \f[C]\-\-exclude*\f[].
It may produce different results than you expected.
In that case try to use: \f[C]\-\-filter*\f[].
.PP
Note that all the options of the same type are processed together in the
order above, regardless of what order they were placed on the command
line.
.PP
So all \f[C]\-\-include\f[] options are processed first in the order
they appeared on the command line, then all \f[C]\-\-include\-from\f[]
options etc.
.PP
To mix up the order includes and excludes, the \f[C]\-\-filter\f[] flag
can be used.
.SS \f[C]\-\-exclude\f[] \- Exclude files matching pattern
.PP
Add a single exclude rule with \f[C]\-\-exclude\f[].
.PP
This flag can be repeated.
See above for the order the flags are processed in.
.PP
Eg \f[C]\-\-exclude\ *.bak\f[] to exclude all bak files from the sync.
.SS \f[C]\-\-exclude\-from\f[] \- Read exclude patterns from file
.PP
Add exclude rules from a file.
.PP
This flag can be repeated.
See above for the order the flags are processed in.
.PP
Prepare a file like this \f[C]exclude\-file.txt\f[]
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
#\ a\ sample\ exclude\ rule\ file
*.bak
file2.jpg
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Then use as \f[C]\-\-exclude\-from\ exclude\-file.txt\f[].
This will sync all files except those ending in \f[C]bak\f[] and
\f[C]file2.jpg\f[].
.PP
This is useful if you have a lot of rules.
.SS \f[C]\-\-include\f[] \- Include files matching pattern
.PP
Add a single include rule with \f[C]\-\-include\f[].
.PP
This flag can be repeated.
See above for the order the flags are processed in.
.PP
Eg \f[C]\-\-include\ *.{png,jpg}\f[] to include all \f[C]png\f[] and
\f[C]jpg\f[] files in the backup and no others.
.PP
This adds an implicit \f[C]\-\-exclude\ *\f[] at the very end of the
filter list.
This means you can mix \f[C]\-\-include\f[] and
\f[C]\-\-include\-from\f[] with the other filters (eg
\f[C]\-\-exclude\f[]) but you must include all the files you want in the
include statement.
If this doesn\[aq]t provide enough flexibility then you must use
\f[C]\-\-filter\-from\f[].
.SS \f[C]\-\-include\-from\f[] \- Read include patterns from file
.PP
Add include rules from a file.
.PP
This flag can be repeated.
See above for the order the flags are processed in.
.PP
Prepare a file like this \f[C]include\-file.txt\f[]
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
#\ a\ sample\ include\ rule\ file
*.jpg
*.png
file2.avi
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Then use as \f[C]\-\-include\-from\ include\-file.txt\f[].
This will sync all \f[C]jpg\f[], \f[C]png\f[] files and
\f[C]file2.avi\f[].
.PP
This is useful if you have a lot of rules.
.PP
This adds an implicit \f[C]\-\-exclude\ *\f[] at the very end of the
filter list.
This means you can mix \f[C]\-\-include\f[] and
\f[C]\-\-include\-from\f[] with the other filters (eg
\f[C]\-\-exclude\f[]) but you must include all the files you want in the
include statement.
If this doesn\[aq]t provide enough flexibility then you must use
\f[C]\-\-filter\-from\f[].
.SS \f[C]\-\-filter\f[] \- Add a file\-filtering rule
.PP
This can be used to add a single include or exclude rule.
Include rules start with \f[C]+\f[] and exclude rules start with
\f[C]\-\f[].
A special rule called \f[C]!\f[] can be used to clear the existing
rules.
.PP
This flag can be repeated.
See above for the order the flags are processed in.
.PP
Eg \f[C]\-\-filter\ "\-\ *.bak"\f[] to exclude all bak files from the
sync.
.SS \f[C]\-\-filter\-from\f[] \- Read filtering patterns from a file
.PP
Add include/exclude rules from a file.
.PP
This flag can be repeated.
See above for the order the flags are processed in.
.PP
Prepare a file like this \f[C]filter\-file.txt\f[]
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
#\ a\ sample\ filter\ rule\ file
\-\ secret*.jpg
+\ *.jpg
+\ *.png
+\ file2.avi
\-\ /dir/Trash/**
+\ /dir/**
#\ exclude\ everything\ else
\-\ *
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Then use as \f[C]\-\-filter\-from\ filter\-file.txt\f[].
The rules are processed in the order that they are defined.
.PP
This example will include all \f[C]jpg\f[] and \f[C]png\f[] files,
exclude any files matching \f[C]secret*.jpg\f[] and include
\f[C]file2.avi\f[].
It will also include everything in the directory \f[C]dir\f[] at the
root of the sync, except \f[C]dir/Trash\f[] which it will exclude.
Everything else will be excluded from the sync.
.SS \f[C]\-\-files\-from\f[] \- Read list of source\-file names
.PP
This reads a list of file names from the file passed in and
\f[B]only\f[] these files are transferred.
The \f[B]filtering rules are ignored\f[] completely if you use this
option.
.PP
This option can be repeated to read from more than one file.
These are read in the order that they are placed on the command line.
.PP
Paths within the \f[C]\-\-files\-from\f[] file will be interpreted as
starting with the root specified in the command.
Leading \f[C]/\f[] characters are ignored.
.PP
For example, suppose you had \f[C]files\-from.txt\f[] with this content:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
#\ comment
file1.jpg
subdir/file2.jpg
\f[]
.fi
.PP
You could then use it like this:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ copy\ \-\-files\-from\ files\-from.txt\ /home/me/pics\ remote:pics
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This will transfer these files only (if they exist)
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
/home/me/pics/file1.jpg\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ →\ remote:pics/file1.jpg
/home/me/pics/subdir/file2.jpg\ →\ remote:pics/subdirfile1.jpg
\f[]
.fi
.PP
To take a more complicated example, let\[aq]s say you had a few files
you want to back up regularly with these absolute paths:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
/home/user1/important
/home/user1/dir/file
/home/user2/stuff
\f[]
.fi
.PP
To copy these you\[aq]d find a common subdirectory \- in this case
\f[C]/home\f[] and put the remaining files in \f[C]files\-from.txt\f[]
with or without leading \f[C]/\f[], eg
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
user1/important
user1/dir/file
user2/stuff
\f[]
.fi
.PP
You could then copy these to a remote like this
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ copy\ \-\-files\-from\ files\-from.txt\ /home\ remote:backup
\f[]
.fi
.PP
The 3 files will arrive in \f[C]remote:backup\f[] with the paths as in
the \f[C]files\-from.txt\f[] like this:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
/home/user1/important\ →\ remote:backup/user1/important
/home/user1/dir/file\ \ →\ remote:backup/user1/dir/file
/home/user2/stuff\ \ \ \ \ →\ remote:backup/stuff
\f[]
.fi
.PP
You could of course choose \f[C]/\f[] as the root too in which case your
\f[C]files\-from.txt\f[] might look like this.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
/home/user1/important
/home/user1/dir/file
/home/user2/stuff
\f[]
.fi
.PP
And you would transfer it like this
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ copy\ \-\-files\-from\ files\-from.txt\ /\ remote:backup
\f[]
.fi
.PP
In this case there will be an extra \f[C]home\f[] directory on the
remote:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
/home/user1/important\ →\ remote:home/backup/user1/important
/home/user1/dir/file\ \ →\ remote:home/backup/user1/dir/file
/home/user2/stuff\ \ \ \ \ →\ remote:home/backup/stuff
\f[]
.fi
.SS \f[C]\-\-min\-size\f[] \- Don\[aq]t transfer any file smaller than
this
.PP
This option controls the minimum size file which will be transferred.
This defaults to \f[C]kBytes\f[] but a suffix of \f[C]k\f[], \f[C]M\f[],
or \f[C]G\f[] can be used.
.PP
For example \f[C]\-\-min\-size\ 50k\f[] means no files smaller than
50kByte will be transferred.
.SS \f[C]\-\-max\-size\f[] \- Don\[aq]t transfer any file larger than
this
.PP
This option controls the maximum size file which will be transferred.
This defaults to \f[C]kBytes\f[] but a suffix of \f[C]k\f[], \f[C]M\f[],
or \f[C]G\f[] can be used.
.PP
For example \f[C]\-\-max\-size\ 1G\f[] means no files larger than 1GByte
will be transferred.
.SS \f[C]\-\-max\-age\f[] \- Don\[aq]t transfer any file older than this
.PP
This option controls the maximum age of files to transfer.
Give in seconds or with a suffix of:
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]ms\f[] \- Milliseconds
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]s\f[] \- Seconds
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]m\f[] \- Minutes
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]h\f[] \- Hours
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]d\f[] \- Days
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]w\f[] \- Weeks
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]M\f[] \- Months
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]y\f[] \- Years
.PP
For example \f[C]\-\-max\-age\ 2d\f[] means no files older than 2 days
will be transferred.
.SS \f[C]\-\-min\-age\f[] \- Don\[aq]t transfer any file younger than
this
.PP
This option controls the minimum age of files to transfer.
Give in seconds or with a suffix (see \f[C]\-\-max\-age\f[] for list of
suffixes)
.PP
For example \f[C]\-\-min\-age\ 2d\f[] means no files younger than 2 days
will be transferred.
.SS \f[C]\-\-delete\-excluded\f[] \- Delete files on dest excluded from
sync
.PP
\f[B]Important\f[] this flag is dangerous \- use with
\f[C]\-\-dry\-run\f[] and \f[C]\-v\f[] first.
.PP
When doing \f[C]rclone\ sync\f[] this will delete any files which are
excluded from the sync on the destination.
.PP
If for example you did a sync from \f[C]A\f[] to \f[C]B\f[] without the
\f[C]\-\-min\-size\ 50k\f[] flag
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ sync\ A:\ B:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Then you repeated it like this with the \f[C]\-\-delete\-excluded\f[]
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ \-\-min\-size\ 50k\ \-\-delete\-excluded\ sync\ A:\ B:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This would delete all files on \f[C]B\f[] which are less than 50 kBytes
as these are now excluded from the sync.
.PP
Always test first with \f[C]\-\-dry\-run\f[] and \f[C]\-v\f[] before
using this flag.
.SS \f[C]\-\-dump\ filters\f[] \- dump the filters to the output
.PP
This dumps the defined filters to the output as regular expressions.
.PP
Useful for debugging.
.SS Quoting shell metacharacters
.PP
The examples above may not work verbatim in your shell as they have
shell metacharacters in them (eg \f[C]*\f[]), and may require quoting.
.PP
Eg linux, OSX
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-include\ \\*.jpg\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-include\ \[aq]*.jpg\[aq]\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-include=\[aq]*.jpg\[aq]\f[]
.PP
In Windows the expansion is done by the command not the shell so this
should work fine
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-include\ *.jpg\f[]
.SS Exclude directory based on a file
.PP
It is possible to exclude a directory based on a file, which is present
in this directory.
Filename should be specified using the \f[C]\-\-exclude\-if\-present\f[]
flag.
This flag has a priority over the other filtering flags.
.PP
Imagine, you have the following directory structure:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
dir1/file1
dir1/dir2/file2
dir1/dir2/dir3/file3
dir1/dir2/dir3/.ignore
\f[]
.fi
.PP
You can exclude \f[C]dir3\f[] from sync by running the following
command:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ sync\ \-\-exclude\-if\-present\ .ignore\ dir1\ remote:backup
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Currently only one filename is supported, i.e.
\f[C]\-\-exclude\-if\-present\f[] should not be used multiple times.
.SH Remote controlling rclone
.PP
If rclone is run with the \f[C]\-\-rc\f[] flag then it starts an http
server which can be used to remote control rclone.
.PP
\f[B]NB\f[] this is experimental and everything here is subject to
change!
.SS Supported parameters
.SS \-\-rc
.PP
Flag to start the http server listen on remote requests
.SS \-\-rc\-addr=IP
.PP
IPaddress:Port or :Port to bind server to.
(default "localhost:5572")
.SS \-\-rc\-cert=KEY
.PP
SSL PEM key (concatenation of certificate and CA certificate)
.SS \-\-rc\-client\-ca=PATH
.PP
Client certificate authority to verify clients with
.SS \-\-rc\-htpasswd=PATH
.PP
htpasswd file \- if not provided no authentication is done
.SS \-\-rc\-key=PATH
.PP
SSL PEM Private key
.SS \-\-rc\-max\-header\-bytes=VALUE
.PP
Maximum size of request header (default 4096)
.SS \-\-rc\-user=VALUE
.PP
User name for authentication.
.SS \-\-rc\-pass=VALUE
.PP
Password for authentication.
.SS \-\-rc\-realm=VALUE
.PP
Realm for authentication (default "rclone")
.SS \-\-rc\-server\-read\-timeout=DURATION
.PP
Timeout for server reading data (default 1h0m0s)
.SS \-\-rc\-server\-write\-timeout=DURATION
.PP
Timeout for server writing data (default 1h0m0s)
.SS Accessing the remote control via the rclone rc command
.PP
Rclone itself implements the remote control protocol in its
\f[C]rclone\ rc\f[] command.
.PP
You can use it like this
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$\ rclone\ rc\ rc/noop\ param1=one\ param2=two
{
\ \ \ \ "param1":\ "one",
\ \ \ \ "param2":\ "two"
}
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Run \f[C]rclone\ rc\f[] on its own to see the help for the installed
remote control commands.
.SS Supported commands
.SS cache/expire: Purge a remote from cache
.PP
Purge a remote from the cache backend.
Supports either a directory or a file.
Params: \- remote = path to remote (required) \- withData = true/false
to delete cached data (chunks) as well (optional)
.PP
Eg
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ rc\ cache/expire\ remote=path/to/sub/folder/
rclone\ rc\ cache/expire\ remote=/\ withData=true
\f[]
.fi
.SS cache/stats: Get cache stats
.PP
Show statistics for the cache remote.
.SS core/bwlimit: Set the bandwidth limit.
.PP
This sets the bandwidth limit to that passed in.
.PP
Eg
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ rc\ core/bwlimit\ rate=1M
rclone\ rc\ core/bwlimit\ rate=off
\f[]
.fi
.PP
The format of the parameter is exactly the same as passed to \-\-bwlimit
except only one bandwidth may be specified.
.SS core/gc: Runs a garbage collection.
.PP
This tells the go runtime to do a garbage collection run.
It isn\[aq]t necessary to call this normally, but it can be useful for
debugging memory problems.
.SS core/memstats: Returns the memory statistics
.PP
This returns the memory statistics of the running program.
What the values mean are explained in the go docs:
https://golang.org/pkg/runtime/#MemStats
.PP
The most interesting values for most people are:
.IP \[bu] 2
HeapAlloc: This is the amount of memory rclone is actually using
.IP \[bu] 2
HeapSys: This is the amount of memory rclone has obtained from the OS
.IP \[bu] 2
Sys: this is the total amount of memory requested from the OS
.IP \[bu] 2
It is virtual memory so may include unused memory
.SS core/pid: Return PID of current process
.PP
This returns PID of current process.
Useful for stopping rclone process.
.SS rc/error: This returns an error
.PP
This returns an error with the input as part of its error string.
Useful for testing error handling.
.SS rc/list: List all the registered remote control commands
.PP
This lists all the registered remote control commands as a JSON map in
the commands response.
.SS rc/noop: Echo the input to the output parameters
.PP
This echoes the input parameters to the output parameters for testing
purposes.
It can be used to check that rclone is still alive and to check that
parameter passing is working properly.
.SS vfs/forget: Forget files or directories in the directory cache.
.PP
This forgets the paths in the directory cache causing them to be
re\-read from the remote when needed.
.PP
If no paths are passed in then it will forget all the paths in the
directory cache.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ rc\ vfs/forget
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Otherwise pass files or dirs in as file=path or dir=path.
Any parameter key starting with file will forget that file and any
starting with dir will forget that dir, eg
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ rc\ vfs/forget\ file=hello\ file2=goodbye\ dir=home/junk
\f[]
.fi
.SS Accessing the remote control via HTTP
.PP
Rclone implements a simple HTTP based protocol.
.PP
Each endpoint takes an JSON object and returns a JSON object or an
error.
The JSON objects are essentially a map of string names to values.
.PP
All calls must made using POST.
.PP
The input objects can be supplied using URL parameters, POST parameters
or by supplying "Content\-Type: application/json" and a JSON blob in the
body.
There are examples of these below using \f[C]curl\f[].
.PP
The response will be a JSON blob in the body of the response.
This is formatted to be reasonably human readable.
.PP
If an error occurs then there will be an HTTP error status (usually 400)
and the body of the response will contain a JSON encoded error object.
.SS Using POST with URL parameters only
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
curl\ \-X\ POST\ \[aq]http://localhost:5572/rc/noop/?potato=1&sausage=2\[aq]
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Response
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
{
\ \ \ \ "potato":\ "1",
\ \ \ \ "sausage":\ "2"
}
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Here is what an error response looks like:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
curl\ \-X\ POST\ \[aq]http://localhost:5572/rc/error/?potato=1&sausage=2\[aq]
\f[]
.fi
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
{
\ \ \ \ "error":\ "arbitrary\ error\ on\ input\ map[potato:1\ sausage:2]",
\ \ \ \ "input":\ {
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ "potato":\ "1",
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ "sausage":\ "2"
\ \ \ \ }
}
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Note that curl doesn\[aq]t return errors to the shell unless you use the
\f[C]\-f\f[] option
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$\ curl\ \-f\ \-X\ POST\ \[aq]http://localhost:5572/rc/error/?potato=1&sausage=2\[aq]
curl:\ (22)\ The\ requested\ URL\ returned\ error:\ 400\ Bad\ Request
$\ echo\ $?
22
\f[]
.fi
.SS Using POST with a form
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
curl\ \-\-data\ "potato=1"\ \-\-data\ "sausage=2"\ http://localhost:5572/rc/noop/
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Response
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
{
\ \ \ \ "potato":\ "1",
\ \ \ \ "sausage":\ "2"
}
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Note that you can combine these with URL parameters too with the POST
parameters taking precedence.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
curl\ \-\-data\ "potato=1"\ \-\-data\ "sausage=2"\ "http://localhost:5572/rc/noop/?rutabaga=3&sausage=4"
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Response
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
{
\ \ \ \ "potato":\ "1",
\ \ \ \ "rutabaga":\ "3",
\ \ \ \ "sausage":\ "4"
}
\f[]
.fi
.SS Using POST with a JSON blob
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
curl\ \-H\ "Content\-Type:\ application/json"\ \-X\ POST\ \-d\ \[aq]{"potato":2,"sausage":1}\[aq]\ http://localhost:5572/rc/noop/
\f[]
.fi
.PP
response
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
{
\ \ \ \ "password":\ "xyz",
\ \ \ \ "username":\ "xyz"
}
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This can be combined with URL parameters too if required.
The JSON blob takes precedence.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
curl\ \-H\ "Content\-Type:\ application/json"\ \-X\ POST\ \-d\ \[aq]{"potato":2,"sausage":1}\[aq]\ \[aq]http://localhost:5572/rc/noop/?rutabaga=3&potato=4\[aq]
\f[]
.fi
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
{
\ \ \ \ "potato":\ 2,
\ \ \ \ "rutabaga":\ "3",
\ \ \ \ "sausage":\ 1
}
\f[]
.fi
.SS Debugging rclone with pprof
.PP
If you use the \f[C]\-\-rc\f[] flag this will also enable the use of the
go profiling tools on the same port.
.PP
To use these, first install go (https://golang.org/doc/install).
.PP
Then (for example) to profile rclone\[aq]s memory use you can run:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
go\ tool\ pprof\ \-web\ http://localhost:5572/debug/pprof/heap
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This should open a page in your browser showing what is using what
memory.
.PP
You can also use the \f[C]\-text\f[] flag to produce a textual summary
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$\ go\ tool\ pprof\ \-text\ http://localhost:5572/debug/pprof/heap
Showing\ nodes\ accounting\ for\ 1537.03kB,\ 100%\ of\ 1537.03kB\ total
\ \ \ \ \ \ flat\ \ flat%\ \ \ sum%\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ cum\ \ \ cum%
\ 1024.03kB\ 66.62%\ 66.62%\ \ 1024.03kB\ 66.62%\ \ github.com/ncw/rclone/vendor/golang.org/x/net/http2/hpack.addDecoderNode
\ \ \ \ \ 513kB\ 33.38%\ \ \ 100%\ \ \ \ \ \ 513kB\ 33.38%\ \ net/http.newBufioWriterSize
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0\ \ \ \ \ 0%\ \ \ 100%\ \ 1024.03kB\ 66.62%\ \ github.com/ncw/rclone/cmd/all.init
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0\ \ \ \ \ 0%\ \ \ 100%\ \ 1024.03kB\ 66.62%\ \ github.com/ncw/rclone/cmd/serve.init
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0\ \ \ \ \ 0%\ \ \ 100%\ \ 1024.03kB\ 66.62%\ \ github.com/ncw/rclone/cmd/serve/restic.init
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0\ \ \ \ \ 0%\ \ \ 100%\ \ 1024.03kB\ 66.62%\ \ github.com/ncw/rclone/vendor/golang.org/x/net/http2.init
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0\ \ \ \ \ 0%\ \ \ 100%\ \ 1024.03kB\ 66.62%\ \ github.com/ncw/rclone/vendor/golang.org/x/net/http2/hpack.init
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0\ \ \ \ \ 0%\ \ \ 100%\ \ 1024.03kB\ 66.62%\ \ github.com/ncw/rclone/vendor/golang.org/x/net/http2/hpack.init.0
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0\ \ \ \ \ 0%\ \ \ 100%\ \ 1024.03kB\ 66.62%\ \ main.init
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0\ \ \ \ \ 0%\ \ \ 100%\ \ \ \ \ \ 513kB\ 33.38%\ \ net/http.(*conn).readRequest
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0\ \ \ \ \ 0%\ \ \ 100%\ \ \ \ \ \ 513kB\ 33.38%\ \ net/http.(*conn).serve
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0\ \ \ \ \ 0%\ \ \ 100%\ \ 1024.03kB\ 66.62%\ \ runtime.main
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Possible profiles to look at:
.IP \[bu] 2
Memory: \f[C]go\ tool\ pprof\ http://localhost:5572/debug/pprof/heap\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
30\-second CPU profile:
\f[C]go\ tool\ pprof\ http://localhost:5572/debug/pprof/profile\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
5\-second execution trace:
\f[C]wget\ http://localhost:5572/debug/pprof/trace?seconds=5\f[]
.PP
See the net/http/pprof docs (https://golang.org/pkg/net/http/pprof/) for
more info on how to use the profiling and for a general overview see the
Go team\[aq]s blog post on profiling go
programs (https://blog.golang.org/profiling-go-programs).
.PP
The profiling hook is zero overhead unless it is
used (https://stackoverflow.com/q/26545159/164234).
.SH Overview of cloud storage systems
.PP
Each cloud storage system is slightly different.
Rclone attempts to provide a unified interface to them, but some
underlying differences show through.
.SS Features
.PP
Here is an overview of the major features of each cloud storage system.
.PP
.TS
tab(@);
l c c c c c.
T{
Name
T}@T{
Hash
T}@T{
ModTime
T}@T{
Case Insensitive
T}@T{
Duplicate Files
T}@T{
MIME Type
T}
_
T{
Amazon Drive
T}@T{
MD5
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
R
T}
T{
Amazon S3
T}@T{
MD5
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
R/W
T}
T{
Backblaze B2
T}@T{
SHA1
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
R/W
T}
T{
Box
T}@T{
SHA1
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
\-
T}
T{
Dropbox
T}@T{
DBHASH †
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
\-
T}
T{
FTP
T}@T{
\-
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
\-
T}
T{
Google Cloud Storage
T}@T{
MD5
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
R/W
T}
T{
Google Drive
T}@T{
MD5
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
R/W
T}
T{
HTTP
T}@T{
\-
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
R
T}
T{
Hubic
T}@T{
MD5
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
R/W
T}
T{
Mega
T}@T{
\-
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
\-
T}
T{
Microsoft Azure Blob Storage
T}@T{
MD5
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
R/W
T}
T{
Microsoft OneDrive
T}@T{
SHA1 ‡‡
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
R
T}
T{
OpenDrive
T}@T{
MD5
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
\-
T}
T{
Openstack Swift
T}@T{
MD5
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
R/W
T}
T{
pCloud
T}@T{
MD5, SHA1
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
W
T}
T{
QingStor
T}@T{
MD5
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
R/W
T}
T{
SFTP
T}@T{
MD5, SHA1 ‡
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Depends
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
\-
T}
T{
WebDAV
T}@T{
\-
T}@T{
Yes ††
T}@T{
Depends
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
\-
T}
T{
Yandex Disk
T}@T{
MD5
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
R/W
T}
T{
The local filesystem
T}@T{
All
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Depends
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
\-
T}
.TE
.SS Hash
.PP
The cloud storage system supports various hash types of the objects.
The hashes are used when transferring data as an integrity check and can
be specifically used with the \f[C]\-\-checksum\f[] flag in syncs and in
the \f[C]check\f[] command.
.PP
To use the verify checksums when transferring between cloud storage
systems they must support a common hash type.
.PP
† Note that Dropbox supports its own custom
hash (https://www.dropbox.com/developers/reference/content-hash).
This is an SHA256 sum of all the 4MB block SHA256s.
.PP
‡ SFTP supports checksums if the same login has shell access and
\f[C]md5sum\f[] or \f[C]sha1sum\f[] as well as \f[C]echo\f[] are in the
remote\[aq]s PATH.
.PP
†† WebDAV supports modtimes when used with Owncloud and Nextcloud only.
.PP
‡‡ Microsoft OneDrive Personal supports SHA1 hashes, whereas OneDrive
for business and SharePoint server support Microsoft\[aq]s own
QuickXorHash (https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/onedrive/developer/code-snippets/quickxorhash).
.SS ModTime
.PP
The cloud storage system supports setting modification times on objects.
If it does then this enables a using the modification times as part of
the sync.
If not then only the size will be checked by default, though the MD5SUM
can be checked with the \f[C]\-\-checksum\f[] flag.
.PP
All cloud storage systems support some kind of date on the object and
these will be set when transferring from the cloud storage system.
.SS Case Insensitive
.PP
If a cloud storage systems is case sensitive then it is possible to have
two files which differ only in case, eg \f[C]file.txt\f[] and
\f[C]FILE.txt\f[].
If a cloud storage system is case insensitive then that isn\[aq]t
possible.
.PP
This can cause problems when syncing between a case insensitive system
and a case sensitive system.
The symptom of this is that no matter how many times you run the sync it
never completes fully.
.PP
The local filesystem and SFTP may or may not be case sensitive depending
on OS.
.IP \[bu] 2
Windows \- usually case insensitive, though case is preserved
.IP \[bu] 2
OSX \- usually case insensitive, though it is possible to format case
sensitive
.IP \[bu] 2
Linux \- usually case sensitive, but there are case insensitive file
systems (eg FAT formatted USB keys)
.PP
Most of the time this doesn\[aq]t cause any problems as people tend to
avoid files whose name differs only by case even on case sensitive
systems.
.SS Duplicate files
.PP
If a cloud storage system allows duplicate files then it can have two
objects with the same name.
.PP
This confuses rclone greatly when syncing \- use the
\f[C]rclone\ dedupe\f[] command to rename or remove duplicates.
.SS MIME Type
.PP
MIME types (also known as media types) classify types of documents using
a simple text classification, eg \f[C]text/html\f[] or
\f[C]application/pdf\f[].
.PP
Some cloud storage systems support reading (\f[C]R\f[]) the MIME type of
objects and some support writing (\f[C]W\f[]) the MIME type of objects.
.PP
The MIME type can be important if you are serving files directly to HTTP
from the storage system.
.PP
If you are copying from a remote which supports reading (\f[C]R\f[]) to
a remote which supports writing (\f[C]W\f[]) then rclone will preserve
the MIME types.
Otherwise they will be guessed from the extension, or the remote itself
may assign the MIME type.
.SS Optional Features
.PP
All the remotes support a basic set of features, but there are some
optional features supported by some remotes used to make some operations
more efficient.
.PP
.TS
tab(@);
l c c c c c c c c c.
T{
Name
T}@T{
Purge
T}@T{
Copy
T}@T{
Move
T}@T{
DirMove
T}@T{
CleanUp
T}@T{
ListR
T}@T{
StreamUpload
T}@T{
LinkSharing
T}@T{
About
T}
_
T{
Amazon Drive
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No #575 (https://github.com/ncw/rclone/issues/575)
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No #2178 (https://github.com/ncw/rclone/issues/2178)
T}@T{
No
T}
T{
Amazon S3
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No #2178 (https://github.com/ncw/rclone/issues/2178)
T}@T{
No
T}
T{
Backblaze B2
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No #2178 (https://github.com/ncw/rclone/issues/2178)
T}@T{
No
T}
T{
Box
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No #575 (https://github.com/ncw/rclone/issues/575)
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No #2178 (https://github.com/ncw/rclone/issues/2178)
T}@T{
No
T}
T{
Dropbox
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No #575 (https://github.com/ncw/rclone/issues/575)
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}
T{
FTP
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No #2178 (https://github.com/ncw/rclone/issues/2178)
T}@T{
No
T}
T{
Google Cloud Storage
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No #2178 (https://github.com/ncw/rclone/issues/2178)
T}@T{
No
T}
T{
Google Drive
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}
T{
HTTP
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No #2178 (https://github.com/ncw/rclone/issues/2178)
T}@T{
No
T}
T{
Hubic
T}@T{
Yes †
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No #2178 (https://github.com/ncw/rclone/issues/2178)
T}@T{
Yes
T}
T{
Mega
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No #2178 (https://github.com/ncw/rclone/issues/2178)
T}@T{
Yes
T}
T{
Microsoft Azure Blob Storage
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No #2178 (https://github.com/ncw/rclone/issues/2178)
T}@T{
No
T}
T{
Microsoft OneDrive
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No #197 (https://github.com/ncw/rclone/issues/197)
T}@T{
No #575 (https://github.com/ncw/rclone/issues/575)
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No #2178 (https://github.com/ncw/rclone/issues/2178)
T}@T{
Yes
T}
T{
OpenDrive
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}
T{
Openstack Swift
T}@T{
Yes †
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No #2178 (https://github.com/ncw/rclone/issues/2178)
T}@T{
Yes
T}
T{
pCloud
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No #2178 (https://github.com/ncw/rclone/issues/2178)
T}@T{
Yes
T}
T{
QingStor
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No #2178 (https://github.com/ncw/rclone/issues/2178)
T}@T{
No
T}
T{
SFTP
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No #2178 (https://github.com/ncw/rclone/issues/2178)
T}@T{
No
T}
T{
WebDAV
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
Yes ‡
T}@T{
No #2178 (https://github.com/ncw/rclone/issues/2178)
T}@T{
No
T}
T{
Yandex Disk
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No #2178 (https://github.com/ncw/rclone/issues/2178)
T}@T{
No
T}
T{
The local filesystem
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
Yes
T}
.TE
.SS Purge
.PP
This deletes a directory quicker than just deleting all the files in the
directory.
.PP
† Note Swift and Hubic implement this in order to delete directory
markers but they don\[aq]t actually have a quicker way of deleting files
other than deleting them individually.
.PP
‡ StreamUpload is not supported with Nextcloud
.SS Copy
.PP
Used when copying an object to and from the same remote.
This known as a server side copy so you can copy a file without
downloading it and uploading it again.
It is used if you use \f[C]rclone\ copy\f[] or \f[C]rclone\ move\f[] if
the remote doesn\[aq]t support \f[C]Move\f[] directly.
.PP
If the server doesn\[aq]t support \f[C]Copy\f[] directly then for copy
operations the file is downloaded then re\-uploaded.
.SS Move
.PP
Used when moving/renaming an object on the same remote.
This is known as a server side move of a file.
This is used in \f[C]rclone\ move\f[] if the server doesn\[aq]t support
\f[C]DirMove\f[].
.PP
If the server isn\[aq]t capable of \f[C]Move\f[] then rclone simulates
it with \f[C]Copy\f[] then delete.
If the server doesn\[aq]t support \f[C]Copy\f[] then rclone will
download the file and re\-upload it.
.SS DirMove
.PP
This is used to implement \f[C]rclone\ move\f[] to move a directory if
possible.
If it isn\[aq]t then it will use \f[C]Move\f[] on each file (which falls
back to \f[C]Copy\f[] then download and upload \- see \f[C]Move\f[]
section).
.SS CleanUp
.PP
This is used for emptying the trash for a remote by
\f[C]rclone\ cleanup\f[].
.PP
If the server can\[aq]t do \f[C]CleanUp\f[] then
\f[C]rclone\ cleanup\f[] will return an error.
.SS ListR
.PP
The remote supports a recursive list to list all the contents beneath a
directory quickly.
This enables the \f[C]\-\-fast\-list\f[] flag to work.
See the rclone docs (/docs/#fast-list) for more details.
.SS StreamUpload
.PP
Some remotes allow files to be uploaded without knowing the file size in
advance.
This allows certain operations to work without spooling the file to
local disk first, e.g.
\f[C]rclone\ rcat\f[].
.SS LinkSharing
.PP
Sets the necessary permissions on a file or folder and prints a link
that allows others to access them, even if they don\[aq]t have an
account on the particular cloud provider.
.SS About
.PP
This is used to fetch quota information from the remote, like bytes
used/free/quota and bytes used in the trash.
.PP
If the server can\[aq]t do \f[C]About\f[] then \f[C]rclone\ about\f[]
will return an error.
.SS Alias
.PP
The \f[C]alias\f[] remote provides a new name for another remote.
.PP
Paths may be as deep as required or a local path, eg
\f[C]remote:directory/subdirectory\f[] or
\f[C]/directory/subdirectory\f[].
.PP
During the initial setup with \f[C]rclone\ config\f[] you will specify
the target remote.
The target remote can either be a local path or another remote.
.PP
Subfolders can be used in target remote.
Asume a alias remote named \f[C]backup\f[] with the target
\f[C]mydrive:private/backup\f[].
Invoking \f[C]rclone\ mkdir\ backup:desktop\f[] is exactly the same as
invoking \f[C]rclone\ mkdir\ mydrive:private/backup/desktop\f[].
.PP
There will be no special handling of paths containing \f[C]\&..\f[]
segments.
Invoking \f[C]rclone\ mkdir\ backup:../desktop\f[] is exactly the same
as invoking \f[C]rclone\ mkdir\ mydrive:private/backup/../desktop\f[].
The empty path is not allowed as a remote.
To alias the current directory use \f[C]\&.\f[] instead.
.PP
Here is an example of how to make a alias called \f[C]remote\f[] for
local folder.
First run:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ rclone\ config
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This will guide you through an interactive setup process:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
No\ remotes\ found\ \-\ make\ a\ new\ one
n)\ New\ remote
s)\ Set\ configuration\ password
q)\ Quit\ config
n/s/q>\ n
name>\ remote
Type\ of\ storage\ to\ configure.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Alias\ for\ a\ existing\ remote
\ \ \ \\\ "alias"
\ 2\ /\ Amazon\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "amazon\ cloud\ drive"
\ 3\ /\ Amazon\ S3\ (also\ Dreamhost,\ Ceph,\ Minio)
\ \ \ \\\ "s3"
\ 4\ /\ Backblaze\ B2
\ \ \ \\\ "b2"
\ 5\ /\ Box
\ \ \ \\\ "box"
\ 6\ /\ Cache\ a\ remote
\ \ \ \\\ "cache"
\ 7\ /\ Dropbox
\ \ \ \\\ "dropbox"
\ 8\ /\ Encrypt/Decrypt\ a\ remote
\ \ \ \\\ "crypt"
\ 9\ /\ FTP\ Connection
\ \ \ \\\ "ftp"
10\ /\ Google\ Cloud\ Storage\ (this\ is\ not\ Google\ Drive)
\ \ \ \\\ "google\ cloud\ storage"
11\ /\ Google\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "drive"
12\ /\ Hubic
\ \ \ \\\ "hubic"
13\ /\ Local\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "local"
14\ /\ Microsoft\ Azure\ Blob\ Storage
\ \ \ \\\ "azureblob"
15\ /\ Microsoft\ OneDrive
\ \ \ \\\ "onedrive"
16\ /\ Openstack\ Swift\ (Rackspace\ Cloud\ Files,\ Memset\ Memstore,\ OVH)
\ \ \ \\\ "swift"
17\ /\ Pcloud
\ \ \ \\\ "pcloud"
18\ /\ QingCloud\ Object\ Storage
\ \ \ \\\ "qingstor"
19\ /\ SSH/SFTP\ Connection
\ \ \ \\\ "sftp"
20\ /\ Webdav
\ \ \ \\\ "webdav"
21\ /\ Yandex\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "yandex"
22\ /\ http\ Connection
\ \ \ \\\ "http"
Storage>\ 1
Remote\ or\ path\ to\ alias.
Can\ be\ "myremote:path/to/dir",\ "myremote:bucket",\ "myremote:"\ or\ "/local/path".
remote>\ /mnt/storage/backup
Remote\ config
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
[remote]
remote\ =\ /mnt/storage/backup
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
y)\ Yes\ this\ is\ OK
e)\ Edit\ this\ remote
d)\ Delete\ this\ remote
y/e/d>\ y
Current\ remotes:

Name\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Type
====\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ ====
remote\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ alias

e)\ Edit\ existing\ remote
n)\ New\ remote
d)\ Delete\ remote
r)\ Rename\ remote
c)\ Copy\ remote
s)\ Set\ configuration\ password
q)\ Quit\ config
e/n/d/r/c/s/q>\ q
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Once configured you can then use \f[C]rclone\f[] like this,
.PP
List directories in top level in \f[C]/mnt/storage/backup\f[]
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ lsd\ remote:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
List all the files in \f[C]/mnt/storage/backup\f[]
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ ls\ remote:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Copy another local directory to the alias directory called source
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ copy\ /home/source\ remote:source
\f[]
.fi
.SS Amazon Drive
.PP
Paths are specified as \f[C]remote:path\f[]
.PP
Paths may be as deep as required, eg
\f[C]remote:directory/subdirectory\f[].
.PP
The initial setup for Amazon Drive involves getting a token from Amazon
which you need to do in your browser.
\f[C]rclone\ config\f[] walks you through it.
.PP
The configuration process for Amazon Drive may involve using an oauth
proxy (https://github.com/ncw/oauthproxy).
This is used to keep the Amazon credentials out of the source code.
The proxy runs in Google\[aq]s very secure App Engine environment and
doesn\[aq]t store any credentials which pass through it.
.PP
\f[B]NB\f[] rclone doesn\[aq]t not currently have its own Amazon Drive
credentials (see the
forum (https://forum.rclone.org/t/rclone-has-been-banned-from-amazon-drive/)
for why) so you will either need to have your own \f[C]client_id\f[] and
\f[C]client_secret\f[] with Amazon Drive, or use a a third party ouath
proxy in which case you will need to enter \f[C]client_id\f[],
\f[C]client_secret\f[], \f[C]auth_url\f[] and \f[C]token_url\f[].
.PP
Note also if you are not using Amazon\[aq]s \f[C]auth_url\f[] and
\f[C]token_url\f[], (ie you filled in something for those) then if
setting up on a remote machine you can only use the copying the config
method of
configuration (https://rclone.org/remote_setup/#configuring-by-copying-the-config-file)
\- \f[C]rclone\ authorize\f[] will not work.
.PP
Here is an example of how to make a remote called \f[C]remote\f[].
First run:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ rclone\ config
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This will guide you through an interactive setup process:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
No\ remotes\ found\ \-\ make\ a\ new\ one
n)\ New\ remote
r)\ Rename\ remote
c)\ Copy\ remote
s)\ Set\ configuration\ password
q)\ Quit\ config
n/r/c/s/q>\ n
name>\ remote
Type\ of\ storage\ to\ configure.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Amazon\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "amazon\ cloud\ drive"
\ 2\ /\ Amazon\ S3\ (also\ Dreamhost,\ Ceph,\ Minio)
\ \ \ \\\ "s3"
\ 3\ /\ Backblaze\ B2
\ \ \ \\\ "b2"
\ 4\ /\ Dropbox
\ \ \ \\\ "dropbox"
\ 5\ /\ Encrypt/Decrypt\ a\ remote
\ \ \ \\\ "crypt"
\ 6\ /\ FTP\ Connection
\ \ \ \\\ "ftp"
\ 7\ /\ Google\ Cloud\ Storage\ (this\ is\ not\ Google\ Drive)
\ \ \ \\\ "google\ cloud\ storage"
\ 8\ /\ Google\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "drive"
\ 9\ /\ Hubic
\ \ \ \\\ "hubic"
10\ /\ Local\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "local"
11\ /\ Microsoft\ OneDrive
\ \ \ \\\ "onedrive"
12\ /\ Openstack\ Swift\ (Rackspace\ Cloud\ Files,\ Memset\ Memstore,\ OVH)
\ \ \ \\\ "swift"
13\ /\ SSH/SFTP\ Connection
\ \ \ \\\ "sftp"
14\ /\ Yandex\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "yandex"
Storage>\ 1
Amazon\ Application\ Client\ Id\ \-\ required.
client_id>\ your\ client\ ID\ goes\ here
Amazon\ Application\ Client\ Secret\ \-\ required.
client_secret>\ your\ client\ secret\ goes\ here
Auth\ server\ URL\ \-\ leave\ blank\ to\ use\ Amazon\[aq]s.
auth_url>\ Optional\ auth\ URL
Token\ server\ url\ \-\ leave\ blank\ to\ use\ Amazon\[aq]s.
token_url>\ Optional\ token\ URL
Remote\ config
Make\ sure\ your\ Redirect\ URL\ is\ set\ to\ "http://127.0.0.1:53682/"\ in\ your\ custom\ config.
Use\ auto\ config?
\ *\ Say\ Y\ if\ not\ sure
\ *\ Say\ N\ if\ you\ are\ working\ on\ a\ remote\ or\ headless\ machine
y)\ Yes
n)\ No
y/n>\ y
If\ your\ browser\ doesn\[aq]t\ open\ automatically\ go\ to\ the\ following\ link:\ http://127.0.0.1:53682/auth
Log\ in\ and\ authorize\ rclone\ for\ access
Waiting\ for\ code...
Got\ code
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
[remote]
client_id\ =\ your\ client\ ID\ goes\ here
client_secret\ =\ your\ client\ secret\ goes\ here
auth_url\ =\ Optional\ auth\ URL
token_url\ =\ Optional\ token\ URL
token\ =\ {"access_token":"xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx","token_type":"bearer","refresh_token":"xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx","expiry":"2015\-09\-06T16:07:39.658438471+01:00"}
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
y)\ Yes\ this\ is\ OK
e)\ Edit\ this\ remote
d)\ Delete\ this\ remote
y/e/d>\ y
\f[]
.fi
.PP
See the remote setup docs (https://rclone.org/remote_setup/) for how to
set it up on a machine with no Internet browser available.
.PP
Note that rclone runs a webserver on your local machine to collect the
token as returned from Amazon.
This only runs from the moment it opens your browser to the moment you
get back the verification code.
This is on \f[C]http://127.0.0.1:53682/\f[] and this it may require you
to unblock it temporarily if you are running a host firewall.
.PP
Once configured you can then use \f[C]rclone\f[] like this,
.PP
List directories in top level of your Amazon Drive
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ lsd\ remote:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
List all the files in your Amazon Drive
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ ls\ remote:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
To copy a local directory to an Amazon Drive directory called backup
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ copy\ /home/source\ remote:backup
\f[]
.fi
.SS Modified time and MD5SUMs
.PP
Amazon Drive doesn\[aq]t allow modification times to be changed via the
API so these won\[aq]t be accurate or used for syncing.
.PP
It does store MD5SUMs so for a more accurate sync, you can use the
\f[C]\-\-checksum\f[] flag.
.SS Deleting files
.PP
Any files you delete with rclone will end up in the trash.
Amazon don\[aq]t provide an API to permanently delete files, nor to
empty the trash, so you will have to do that with one of Amazon\[aq]s
apps or via the Amazon Drive website.
As of November 17, 2016, files are automatically deleted by Amazon from
the trash after 30 days.
.SS Using with non \f[C]\&.com\f[] Amazon accounts
.PP
Let\[aq]s say you usually use \f[C]amazon.co.uk\f[].
When you authenticate with rclone it will take you to an
\f[C]amazon.com\f[] page to log in.
Your \f[C]amazon.co.uk\f[] email and password should work here just
fine.
.SS Specific options
.PP
Here are the command line options specific to this cloud storage system.
.SS \-\-acd\-templink\-threshold=SIZE
.PP
Files this size or more will be downloaded via their \f[C]tempLink\f[].
This is to work around a problem with Amazon Drive which blocks
downloads of files bigger than about 10GB.
The default for this is 9GB which shouldn\[aq]t need to be changed.
.PP
To download files above this threshold, rclone requests a
\f[C]tempLink\f[] which downloads the file through a temporary URL
directly from the underlying S3 storage.
.SS \-\-acd\-upload\-wait\-per\-gb=TIME
.PP
Sometimes Amazon Drive gives an error when a file has been fully
uploaded but the file appears anyway after a little while.
This happens sometimes for files over 1GB in size and nearly every time
for files bigger than 10GB.
This parameter controls the time rclone waits for the file to appear.
.PP
The default value for this parameter is 3 minutes per GB, so by default
it will wait 3 minutes for every GB uploaded to see if the file appears.
.PP
You can disable this feature by setting it to 0.
This may cause conflict errors as rclone retries the failed upload but
the file will most likely appear correctly eventually.
.PP
These values were determined empirically by observing lots of uploads of
big files for a range of file sizes.
.PP
Upload with the \f[C]\-v\f[] flag to see more info about what rclone is
doing in this situation.
.SS Limitations
.PP
Note that Amazon Drive is case insensitive so you can\[aq]t have a file
called "Hello.doc" and one called "hello.doc".
.PP
Amazon Drive has rate limiting so you may notice errors in the sync (429
errors).
rclone will automatically retry the sync up to 3 times by default (see
\f[C]\-\-retries\f[] flag) which should hopefully work around this
problem.
.PP
Amazon Drive has an internal limit of file sizes that can be uploaded to
the service.
This limit is not officially published, but all files larger than this
will fail.
.PP
At the time of writing (Jan 2016) is in the area of 50GB per file.
This means that larger files are likely to fail.
.PP
Unfortunately there is no way for rclone to see that this failure is
because of file size, so it will retry the operation, as any other
failure.
To avoid this problem, use \f[C]\-\-max\-size\ 50000M\f[] option to
limit the maximum size of uploaded files.
Note that \f[C]\-\-max\-size\f[] does not split files into segments, it
only ignores files over this size.
.SS Amazon S3 Storage Providers
.PP
The S3 backend can be used with a number of different providers:
.IP \[bu] 2
AWS S3
.IP \[bu] 2
Ceph
.IP \[bu] 2
DigitalOcean Spaces
.IP \[bu] 2
Dreamhost
.IP \[bu] 2
IBM COS S3
.IP \[bu] 2
Minio
.IP \[bu] 2
Wasabi
.PP
Paths are specified as \f[C]remote:bucket\f[] (or \f[C]remote:\f[] for
the \f[C]lsd\f[] command.) You may put subdirectories in too, eg
\f[C]remote:bucket/path/to/dir\f[].
.PP
Once you have made a remote (see the provider specific section above)
you can use it like this:
.PP
See all buckets
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ lsd\ remote:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Make a new bucket
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ mkdir\ remote:bucket
\f[]
.fi
.PP
List the contents of a bucket
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ ls\ remote:bucket
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Sync \f[C]/home/local/directory\f[] to the remote bucket, deleting any
excess files in the bucket.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ sync\ /home/local/directory\ remote:bucket
\f[]
.fi
.SS AWS S3
.PP
Here is an example of making an s3 configuration.
First run
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ config
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This will guide you through an interactive setup process.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
No\ remotes\ found\ \-\ make\ a\ new\ one
n)\ New\ remote
s)\ Set\ configuration\ password
q)\ Quit\ config
n/s/q>\ n
name>\ remote
Type\ of\ storage\ to\ configure.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Alias\ for\ a\ existing\ remote
\ \ \ \\\ "alias"
\ 2\ /\ Amazon\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "amazon\ cloud\ drive"
\ 3\ /\ Amazon\ S3\ Compliant\ Storage\ Providers\ (AWS,\ Ceph,\ Dreamhost,\ IBM\ COS,\ Minio)
\ \ \ \\\ "s3"
\ 4\ /\ Backblaze\ B2
\ \ \ \\\ "b2"
[snip]
23\ /\ http\ Connection
\ \ \ \\\ "http"
Storage>\ s3
Choose\ your\ S3\ provider.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Amazon\ Web\ Services\ (AWS)\ S3
\ \ \ \\\ "AWS"
\ 2\ /\ Ceph\ Object\ Storage
\ \ \ \\\ "Ceph"
\ 3\ /\ Digital\ Ocean\ Spaces
\ \ \ \\\ "DigitalOcean"
\ 4\ /\ Dreamhost\ DreamObjects
\ \ \ \\\ "Dreamhost"
\ 5\ /\ IBM\ COS\ S3
\ \ \ \\\ "IBMCOS"
\ 6\ /\ Minio\ Object\ Storage
\ \ \ \\\ "Minio"
\ 7\ /\ Wasabi\ Object\ Storage
\ \ \ \\\ "Wasabi"
\ 8\ /\ Any\ other\ S3\ compatible\ provider
\ \ \ \\\ "Other"
provider>\ 1
Get\ AWS\ credentials\ from\ runtime\ (environment\ variables\ or\ EC2/ECS\ meta\ data\ if\ no\ env\ vars).\ Only\ applies\ if\ access_key_id\ and\ secret_access_key\ is\ blank.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Enter\ AWS\ credentials\ in\ the\ next\ step
\ \ \ \\\ "false"
\ 2\ /\ Get\ AWS\ credentials\ from\ the\ environment\ (env\ vars\ or\ IAM)
\ \ \ \\\ "true"
env_auth>\ 1
AWS\ Access\ Key\ ID\ \-\ leave\ blank\ for\ anonymous\ access\ or\ runtime\ credentials.
access_key_id>\ XXX
AWS\ Secret\ Access\ Key\ (password)\ \-\ leave\ blank\ for\ anonymous\ access\ or\ runtime\ credentials.
secret_access_key>\ YYY
Region\ to\ connect\ to.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ \ \ /\ The\ default\ endpoint\ \-\ a\ good\ choice\ if\ you\ are\ unsure.
\ 1\ |\ US\ Region,\ Northern\ Virginia\ or\ Pacific\ Northwest.
\ \ \ |\ Leave\ location\ constraint\ empty.
\ \ \ \\\ "us\-east\-1"
\ \ \ /\ US\ East\ (Ohio)\ Region
\ 2\ |\ Needs\ location\ constraint\ us\-east\-2.
\ \ \ \\\ "us\-east\-2"
\ \ \ /\ US\ West\ (Oregon)\ Region
\ 3\ |\ Needs\ location\ constraint\ us\-west\-2.
\ \ \ \\\ "us\-west\-2"
\ \ \ /\ US\ West\ (Northern\ California)\ Region
\ 4\ |\ Needs\ location\ constraint\ us\-west\-1.
\ \ \ \\\ "us\-west\-1"
\ \ \ /\ Canada\ (Central)\ Region
\ 5\ |\ Needs\ location\ constraint\ ca\-central\-1.
\ \ \ \\\ "ca\-central\-1"
\ \ \ /\ EU\ (Ireland)\ Region
\ 6\ |\ Needs\ location\ constraint\ EU\ or\ eu\-west\-1.
\ \ \ \\\ "eu\-west\-1"
\ \ \ /\ EU\ (London)\ Region
\ 7\ |\ Needs\ location\ constraint\ eu\-west\-2.
\ \ \ \\\ "eu\-west\-2"
\ \ \ /\ EU\ (Frankfurt)\ Region
\ 8\ |\ Needs\ location\ constraint\ eu\-central\-1.
\ \ \ \\\ "eu\-central\-1"
\ \ \ /\ Asia\ Pacific\ (Singapore)\ Region
\ 9\ |\ Needs\ location\ constraint\ ap\-southeast\-1.
\ \ \ \\\ "ap\-southeast\-1"
\ \ \ /\ Asia\ Pacific\ (Sydney)\ Region
10\ |\ Needs\ location\ constraint\ ap\-southeast\-2.
\ \ \ \\\ "ap\-southeast\-2"
\ \ \ /\ Asia\ Pacific\ (Tokyo)\ Region
11\ |\ Needs\ location\ constraint\ ap\-northeast\-1.
\ \ \ \\\ "ap\-northeast\-1"
\ \ \ /\ Asia\ Pacific\ (Seoul)
12\ |\ Needs\ location\ constraint\ ap\-northeast\-2.
\ \ \ \\\ "ap\-northeast\-2"
\ \ \ /\ Asia\ Pacific\ (Mumbai)
13\ |\ Needs\ location\ constraint\ ap\-south\-1.
\ \ \ \\\ "ap\-south\-1"
\ \ \ /\ South\ America\ (Sao\ Paulo)\ Region
14\ |\ Needs\ location\ constraint\ sa\-east\-1.
\ \ \ \\\ "sa\-east\-1"
region>\ 1
Endpoint\ for\ S3\ API.
Leave\ blank\ if\ using\ AWS\ to\ use\ the\ default\ endpoint\ for\ the\ region.
endpoint>\ 
Location\ constraint\ \-\ must\ be\ set\ to\ match\ the\ Region.\ Used\ when\ creating\ buckets\ only.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Empty\ for\ US\ Region,\ Northern\ Virginia\ or\ Pacific\ Northwest.
\ \ \ \\\ ""
\ 2\ /\ US\ East\ (Ohio)\ Region.
\ \ \ \\\ "us\-east\-2"
\ 3\ /\ US\ West\ (Oregon)\ Region.
\ \ \ \\\ "us\-west\-2"
\ 4\ /\ US\ West\ (Northern\ California)\ Region.
\ \ \ \\\ "us\-west\-1"
\ 5\ /\ Canada\ (Central)\ Region.
\ \ \ \\\ "ca\-central\-1"
\ 6\ /\ EU\ (Ireland)\ Region.
\ \ \ \\\ "eu\-west\-1"
\ 7\ /\ EU\ (London)\ Region.
\ \ \ \\\ "eu\-west\-2"
\ 8\ /\ EU\ Region.
\ \ \ \\\ "EU"
\ 9\ /\ Asia\ Pacific\ (Singapore)\ Region.
\ \ \ \\\ "ap\-southeast\-1"
10\ /\ Asia\ Pacific\ (Sydney)\ Region.
\ \ \ \\\ "ap\-southeast\-2"
11\ /\ Asia\ Pacific\ (Tokyo)\ Region.
\ \ \ \\\ "ap\-northeast\-1"
12\ /\ Asia\ Pacific\ (Seoul)
\ \ \ \\\ "ap\-northeast\-2"
13\ /\ Asia\ Pacific\ (Mumbai)
\ \ \ \\\ "ap\-south\-1"
14\ /\ South\ America\ (Sao\ Paulo)\ Region.
\ \ \ \\\ "sa\-east\-1"
location_constraint>\ 1
Canned\ ACL\ used\ when\ creating\ buckets\ and/or\ storing\ objects\ in\ S3.
For\ more\ info\ visit\ https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/acl\-overview.html#canned\-acl
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Owner\ gets\ FULL_CONTROL.\ No\ one\ else\ has\ access\ rights\ (default).
\ \ \ \\\ "private"
\ 2\ /\ Owner\ gets\ FULL_CONTROL.\ The\ AllUsers\ group\ gets\ READ\ access.
\ \ \ \\\ "public\-read"
\ \ \ /\ Owner\ gets\ FULL_CONTROL.\ The\ AllUsers\ group\ gets\ READ\ and\ WRITE\ access.
\ 3\ |\ Granting\ this\ on\ a\ bucket\ is\ generally\ not\ recommended.
\ \ \ \\\ "public\-read\-write"
\ 4\ /\ Owner\ gets\ FULL_CONTROL.\ The\ AuthenticatedUsers\ group\ gets\ READ\ access.
\ \ \ \\\ "authenticated\-read"
\ \ \ /\ Object\ owner\ gets\ FULL_CONTROL.\ Bucket\ owner\ gets\ READ\ access.
\ 5\ |\ If\ you\ specify\ this\ canned\ ACL\ when\ creating\ a\ bucket,\ Amazon\ S3\ ignores\ it.
\ \ \ \\\ "bucket\-owner\-read"
\ \ \ /\ Both\ the\ object\ owner\ and\ the\ bucket\ owner\ get\ FULL_CONTROL\ over\ the\ object.
\ 6\ |\ If\ you\ specify\ this\ canned\ ACL\ when\ creating\ a\ bucket,\ Amazon\ S3\ ignores\ it.
\ \ \ \\\ "bucket\-owner\-full\-control"
acl>\ 1
The\ server\-side\ encryption\ algorithm\ used\ when\ storing\ this\ object\ in\ S3.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ None
\ \ \ \\\ ""
\ 2\ /\ AES256
\ \ \ \\\ "AES256"
server_side_encryption>\ 1
The\ storage\ class\ to\ use\ when\ storing\ objects\ in\ S3.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Default
\ \ \ \\\ ""
\ 2\ /\ Standard\ storage\ class
\ \ \ \\\ "STANDARD"
\ 3\ /\ Reduced\ redundancy\ storage\ class
\ \ \ \\\ "REDUCED_REDUNDANCY"
\ 4\ /\ Standard\ Infrequent\ Access\ storage\ class
\ \ \ \\\ "STANDARD_IA"
\ 5\ /\ One\ Zone\ Infrequent\ Access\ storage\ class
\ \ \ \\\ "ONEZONE_IA"
storage_class>\ 1
Remote\ config
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
[remote]
type\ =\ s3
provider\ =\ AWS
env_auth\ =\ false
access_key_id\ =\ XXX
secret_access_key\ =\ YYY
region\ =\ us\-east\-1
endpoint\ =\ 
location_constraint\ =\ 
acl\ =\ private
server_side_encryption\ =\ 
storage_class\ =\ 
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
y)\ Yes\ this\ is\ OK
e)\ Edit\ this\ remote
d)\ Delete\ this\ remote
y/e/d>\ 
\f[]
.fi
.SS \-\-fast\-list
.PP
This remote supports \f[C]\-\-fast\-list\f[] which allows you to use
fewer transactions in exchange for more memory.
See the rclone docs (/docs/#fast-list) for more details.
.SS \-\-update and \-\-use\-server\-modtime
.PP
As noted below, the modified time is stored on metadata on the object.
It is used by default for all operations that require checking the time
a file was last updated.
It allows rclone to treat the remote more like a true filesystem, but it
is inefficient because it requires an extra API call to retrieve the
metadata.
.PP
For many operations, the time the object was last uploaded to the remote
is sufficient to determine if it is "dirty".
By using \f[C]\-\-update\f[] along with
\f[C]\-\-use\-server\-modtime\f[], you can avoid the extra API call and
simply upload files whose local modtime is newer than the time it was
last uploaded.
.SS Modified time
.PP
The modified time is stored as metadata on the object as
\f[C]X\-Amz\-Meta\-Mtime\f[] as floating point since the epoch accurate
to 1 ns.
.SS Multipart uploads
.PP
rclone supports multipart uploads with S3 which means that it can upload
files bigger than 5GB.
Note that files uploaded \f[I]both\f[] with multipart upload
\f[I]and\f[] through crypt remotes do not have MD5 sums.
.SS Buckets and Regions
.PP
With Amazon S3 you can list buckets (\f[C]rclone\ lsd\f[]) using any
region, but you can only access the content of a bucket from the region
it was created in.
If you attempt to access a bucket from the wrong region, you will get an
error,
\f[C]incorrect\ region,\ the\ bucket\ is\ not\ in\ \[aq]XXX\[aq]\ region\f[].
.SS Authentication
.PP
There are a number of ways to supply \f[C]rclone\f[] with a set of AWS
credentials, with and without using the environment.
.PP
The different authentication methods are tried in this order:
.IP \[bu] 2
Directly in the rclone configuration file (\f[C]env_auth\ =\ false\f[]
in the config file):
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]access_key_id\f[] and \f[C]secret_access_key\f[] are required.
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]session_token\f[] can be optionally set when using AWS STS.
.IP \[bu] 2
Runtime configuration (\f[C]env_auth\ =\ true\f[] in the config file):
.IP \[bu] 2
Export the following environment variables before running
\f[C]rclone\f[]:
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Access Key ID: \f[C]AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID\f[] or \f[C]AWS_ACCESS_KEY\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
Secret Access Key: \f[C]AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY\f[] or
\f[C]AWS_SECRET_KEY\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
Session Token: \f[C]AWS_SESSION_TOKEN\f[] (optional)
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Or, use a named
profile (https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/userguide/cli-multiple-profiles.html):
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Profile files are standard files used by AWS CLI tools
.IP \[bu] 2
By default it will use the profile in your home directory (eg
\f[C]~/.aws/credentials\f[] on unix based systems) file and the
"default" profile, to change set these environment variables:
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]AWS_SHARED_CREDENTIALS_FILE\f[] to control which file.
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]AWS_PROFILE\f[] to control which profile to use.
.RE
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Or, run \f[C]rclone\f[] in an ECS task with an IAM role (AWS only).
.IP \[bu] 2
Or, run \f[C]rclone\f[] on an EC2 instance with an IAM role (AWS only).
.PP
If none of these option actually end up providing \f[C]rclone\f[] with
AWS credentials then S3 interaction will be non\-authenticated (see
below).
.SS S3 Permissions
.PP
When using the \f[C]sync\f[] subcommand of \f[C]rclone\f[] the following
minimum permissions are required to be available on the bucket being
written to:
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]ListBucket\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]DeleteObject\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]GetObject\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]PutObject\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]PutObjectACL\f[]
.PP
Example policy:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
{
\ \ \ \ "Version":\ "2012\-10\-17",
\ \ \ \ "Statement":\ [
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ {
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ "Effect":\ "Allow",
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ "Principal":\ {
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ "AWS":\ "arn:aws:iam::USER_SID:user/USER_NAME"
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ },
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ "Action":\ [
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ "s3:ListBucket",
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ "s3:DeleteObject",
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ "s3:GetObject",
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ "s3:PutObject",
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ "s3:PutObjectAcl"
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ ],
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ "Resource":\ [
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ "arn:aws:s3:::BUCKET_NAME/*",
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ "arn:aws:s3:::BUCKET_NAME"
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ ]
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }
\ \ \ \ ]
}
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Notes on above:
.IP "1." 3
This is a policy that can be used when creating bucket.
It assumes that \f[C]USER_NAME\f[] has been created.
.IP "2." 3
The Resource entry must include both resource ARNs, as one implies the
bucket and the other implies the bucket\[aq]s objects.
.PP
For reference, here\[aq]s an Ansible
script (https://gist.github.com/ebridges/ebfc9042dd7c756cd101cfa807b7ae2b)
that will generate one or more buckets that will work with
\f[C]rclone\ sync\f[].
.SS Key Management System (KMS)
.PP
If you are using server side encryption with KMS then you will find you
can\[aq]t transfer small objects.
As a work\-around you can use the \f[C]\-\-ignore\-checksum\f[] flag.
.PP
A proper fix is being worked on in issue
#1824 (https://github.com/ncw/rclone/issues/1824).
.SS Glacier
.PP
You can transition objects to glacier storage using a lifecycle
policy (http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/user-guide/create-lifecycle.html).
The bucket can still be synced or copied into normally, but if rclone
tries to access the data you will see an error like below.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
2017/09/11\ 19:07:43\ Failed\ to\ sync:\ failed\ to\ open\ source\ object:\ Object\ in\ GLACIER,\ restore\ first:\ path/to/file
\f[]
.fi
.PP
In this case you need to
restore (http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/user-guide/restore-archived-objects.html)
the object(s) in question before using rclone.
.SS Specific options
.PP
Here are the command line options specific to this cloud storage system.
.SS \-\-s3\-acl=STRING
.PP
Canned ACL used when creating buckets and/or storing objects in S3.
.PP
For more info visit the canned ACL
docs (https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/acl-overview.html#canned-acl).
.SS \-\-s3\-storage\-class=STRING
.PP
Storage class to upload new objects with.
.PP
Available options include:
.IP \[bu] 2
STANDARD \- default storage class
.IP \[bu] 2
STANDARD_IA \- for less frequently accessed data (e.g backups)
.IP \[bu] 2
ONEZONE_IA \- for storing data in only one Availability Zone
.IP \[bu] 2
REDUCED_REDUNDANCY (only for noncritical, reproducible data, has lower
redundancy)
.SS \-\-s3\-chunk\-size=SIZE
.PP
Any files larger than this will be uploaded in chunks of this size.
The default is 5MB.
The minimum is 5MB.
.PP
Note that 2 chunks of this size are buffered in memory per transfer.
.PP
If you are transferring large files over high speed links and you have
enough memory, then increasing this will speed up the transfers.
.SS \-\-s3\-upload\-concurrency
.PP
Number of chunks of the same file that are uploaded concurrently.
Default is 2.
.PP
If you are uploading small amount of large file over high speed link and
these uploads do not fully utilize your bandwidth, then increasing this
may help to speed up the transfers.
.SS Anonymous access to public buckets
.PP
If you want to use rclone to access a public bucket, configure with a
blank \f[C]access_key_id\f[] and \f[C]secret_access_key\f[].
Your config should end up looking like this:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
[anons3]
type\ =\ s3
provider\ =\ AWS
env_auth\ =\ false
access_key_id\ =\ 
secret_access_key\ =\ 
region\ =\ us\-east\-1
endpoint\ =\ 
location_constraint\ =\ 
acl\ =\ private
server_side_encryption\ =\ 
storage_class\ =\ 
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Then use it as normal with the name of the public bucket, eg
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ lsd\ anons3:1000genomes
\f[]
.fi
.PP
You will be able to list and copy data but not upload it.
.SS Ceph
.PP
Ceph (https://ceph.com/) is an open source unified, distributed storage
system designed for excellent performance, reliability and scalability.
It has an S3 compatible object storage interface.
.PP
To use rclone with Ceph, configure as above but leave the region blank
and set the endpoint.
You should end up with something like this in your config:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
[ceph]
type\ =\ s3
provider\ =\ Ceph
env_auth\ =\ false
access_key_id\ =\ XXX
secret_access_key\ =\ YYY
region\ =
endpoint\ =\ https://ceph.endpoint.example.com
location_constraint\ =
acl\ =
server_side_encryption\ =
storage_class\ =
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Note also that Ceph sometimes puts \f[C]/\f[] in the passwords it gives
users.
If you read the secret access key using the command line tools you will
get a JSON blob with the \f[C]/\f[] escaped as \f[C]\\/\f[].
Make sure you only write \f[C]/\f[] in the secret access key.
.PP
Eg the dump from Ceph looks something like this (irrelevant keys
removed).
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
{
\ \ \ \ "user_id":\ "xxx",
\ \ \ \ "display_name":\ "xxxx",
\ \ \ \ "keys":\ [
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ {
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ "user":\ "xxx",
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ "access_key":\ "xxxxxx",
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ "secret_key":\ "xxxxxx\\/xxxx"
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }
\ \ \ \ ],
}
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Because this is a json dump, it is encoding the \f[C]/\f[] as
\f[C]\\/\f[], so if you use the secret key as \f[C]xxxxxx/xxxx\f[] it
will work fine.
.SS Dreamhost
.PP
Dreamhost DreamObjects (https://www.dreamhost.com/cloud/storage/) is an
object storage system based on CEPH.
.PP
To use rclone with Dreamhost, configure as above but leave the region
blank and set the endpoint.
You should end up with something like this in your config:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
[dreamobjects]
type\ =\ s3
provider\ =\ DreamHost
env_auth\ =\ false
access_key_id\ =\ your_access_key
secret_access_key\ =\ your_secret_key
region\ =
endpoint\ =\ objects\-us\-west\-1.dream.io
location_constraint\ =
acl\ =\ private
server_side_encryption\ =
storage_class\ =
\f[]
.fi
.SS DigitalOcean Spaces
.PP
Spaces (https://www.digitalocean.com/products/object-storage/) is an
S3\-interoperable (https://developers.digitalocean.com/documentation/spaces/)
object storage service from cloud provider DigitalOcean.
.PP
To connect to DigitalOcean Spaces you will need an access key and secret
key.
These can be retrieved on the "Applications &
API (https://cloud.digitalocean.com/settings/api/tokens)" page of the
DigitalOcean control panel.
They will be needed when promted by \f[C]rclone\ config\f[] for your
\f[C]access_key_id\f[] and \f[C]secret_access_key\f[].
.PP
When prompted for a \f[C]region\f[] or \f[C]location_constraint\f[],
press enter to use the default value.
The region must be included in the \f[C]endpoint\f[] setting (e.g.
\f[C]nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com\f[]).
The defualt values can be used for other settings.
.PP
Going through the whole process of creating a new remote by running
\f[C]rclone\ config\f[], each prompt should be answered as shown below:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
Storage>\ s3
env_auth>\ 1
access_key_id>\ YOUR_ACCESS_KEY
secret_access_key>\ YOUR_SECRET_KEY
region>
endpoint>\ nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com
location_constraint>
acl>
storage_class>
\f[]
.fi
.PP
The resulting configuration file should look like:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
[spaces]
type\ =\ s3
provider\ =\ DigitalOcean
env_auth\ =\ false
access_key_id\ =\ YOUR_ACCESS_KEY
secret_access_key\ =\ YOUR_SECRET_KEY
region\ =
endpoint\ =\ nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com
location_constraint\ =
acl\ =
server_side_encryption\ =
storage_class\ =
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Once configured, you can create a new Space and begin copying files.
For example:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ mkdir\ spaces:my\-new\-space
rclone\ copy\ /path/to/files\ spaces:my\-new\-space
\f[]
.fi
.SS IBM COS (S3)
.PP
Information stored with IBM Cloud Object Storage is encrypted and
dispersed across multiple geographic locations, and accessed through an
implementation of the S3 API.
This service makes use of the distributed storage technologies provided
by IBM's Cloud Object Storage System (formerly Cleversafe).
For more information visit: (http://www.ibm.com/cloud/object\-storage)
.PP
To configure access to IBM COS S3, follow the steps below:
.IP " 1." 4
Run rclone config and select n for a new remote.
.RS 4
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
2018/02/14\ 14:13:11\ NOTICE:\ Config\ file\ "C:\\\\Users\\\\a\\\\.config\\\\rclone\\\\rclone.conf"\ not\ found\ \-\ using\ defaults
No\ remotes\ found\ \-\ make\ a\ new\ one
n)\ New\ remote
s)\ Set\ configuration\ password
q)\ Quit\ config
n/s/q>\ n
\f[]
.fi
.RE
.IP " 2." 4
Enter the name for the configuration
.RS 4
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
name>\ <YOUR\ NAME>
\f[]
.fi
.RE
.IP " 3." 4
Select "s3" storage.
.RS 4
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
1\ /\ Alias\ for\ a\ existing\ remote
\\\ "alias"
2\ /\ Amazon\ Drive
\\\ "amazon\ cloud\ drive"
3\ /\ Amazon\ S3\ Complaint\ Storage\ Providers\ (Dreamhost,\ Ceph,\ Minio,\ IBM\ COS)
\\\ "s3"
4\ /\ Backblaze\ B2
\\\ "b2"
[snip]
23\ /\ http\ Connection
\\\ "http"
Storage>\ 3
\f[]
.fi
.RE
.IP " 4." 4
Select IBM COS as the S3 Storage Provider.
.RS 4
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
Choose\ the\ S3\ provider.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Choose\ this\ option\ to\ configure\ Storage\ to\ AWS\ S3
\ \ \ \\\ "AWS"
\ 2\ /\ Choose\ this\ option\ to\ configure\ Storage\ to\ Ceph\ Systems
\ \\\ "Ceph"
\ 3\ /\ \ Choose\ this\ option\ to\ configure\ Storage\ to\ Dreamhost
\ \\\ "Dreamhost"
\ \ \ 4\ /\ Choose\ this\ option\ to\ the\ configure\ Storage\ to\ IBM\ COS\ S3
\ \\\ "IBMCOS"
\ 5\ /\ Choose\ this\ option\ to\ the\ configure\ Storage\ to\ Minio
\ \\\ "Minio"
\ Provider>4
\f[]
.fi
.RE
.IP " 5." 4
Enter the Access Key and Secret.
.RS 4
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
AWS\ Access\ Key\ ID\ \-\ leave\ blank\ for\ anonymous\ access\ or\ runtime\ credentials.
access_key_id>\ <>
AWS\ Secret\ Access\ Key\ (password)\ \-\ leave\ blank\ for\ anonymous\ access\ or\ runtime\ credentials.
secret_access_key>\ <>
\f[]
.fi
.RE
.IP " 6." 4
Specify the endpoint for IBM COS.
For Public IBM COS, choose from the option below.
For On Premise IBM COS, enter an enpoint address.
.RS 4
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
Endpoint\ for\ IBM\ COS\ S3\ API.
Specify\ if\ using\ an\ IBM\ COS\ On\ Premise.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ US\ Cross\ Region\ Endpoint
\ \ \ \\\ "s3\-api.us\-geo.objectstorage.softlayer.net"
\ 2\ /\ US\ Cross\ Region\ Dallas\ Endpoint
\ \ \ \\\ "s3\-api.dal.us\-geo.objectstorage.softlayer.net"
\ 3\ /\ US\ Cross\ Region\ Washington\ DC\ Endpoint
\ \ \ \\\ "s3\-api.wdc\-us\-geo.objectstorage.softlayer.net"
\ 4\ /\ US\ Cross\ Region\ San\ Jose\ Endpoint
\ \ \ \\\ "s3\-api.sjc\-us\-geo.objectstorage.softlayer.net"
\ 5\ /\ US\ Cross\ Region\ Private\ Endpoint
\ \ \ \\\ "s3\-api.us\-geo.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com"
\ 6\ /\ US\ Cross\ Region\ Dallas\ Private\ Endpoint
\ \ \ \\\ "s3\-api.dal\-us\-geo.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com"
\ 7\ /\ US\ Cross\ Region\ Washington\ DC\ Private\ Endpoint
\ \ \ \\\ "s3\-api.wdc\-us\-geo.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com"
\ 8\ /\ US\ Cross\ Region\ San\ Jose\ Private\ Endpoint
\ \ \ \\\ "s3\-api.sjc\-us\-geo.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com"
\ 9\ /\ US\ Region\ East\ Endpoint
\ \ \ \\\ "s3.us\-east.objectstorage.softlayer.net"
10\ /\ US\ Region\ East\ Private\ Endpoint
\ \ \ \\\ "s3.us\-east.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com"
11\ /\ US\ Region\ South\ Endpoint
[snip]
34\ /\ Toronto\ Single\ Site\ Private\ Endpoint
\ \ \ \\\ "s3.tor01.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com"
endpoint>1
\f[]
.fi
.RE
.IP " 7." 4
Specify a IBM COS Location Constraint.
The location constraint must match endpoint when using IBM Cloud Public.
For on\-prem COS, do not make a selection from this list, hit enter
.RS 4
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ 1\ /\ US\ Cross\ Region\ Standard
\ \ \ \\\ "us\-standard"
\ 2\ /\ US\ Cross\ Region\ Vault
\ \ \ \\\ "us\-vault"
\ 3\ /\ US\ Cross\ Region\ Cold
\ \ \ \\\ "us\-cold"
\ 4\ /\ US\ Cross\ Region\ Flex
\ \ \ \\\ "us\-flex"
\ 5\ /\ US\ East\ Region\ Standard
\ \ \ \\\ "us\-east\-standard"
\ 6\ /\ US\ East\ Region\ Vault
\ \ \ \\\ "us\-east\-vault"
\ 7\ /\ US\ East\ Region\ Cold
\ \ \ \\\ "us\-east\-cold"
\ 8\ /\ US\ East\ Region\ Flex
\ \ \ \\\ "us\-east\-flex"
\ 9\ /\ US\ South\ Region\ Standard
\ \ \ \\\ "us\-south\-standard"
10\ /\ US\ South\ Region\ Vault
\ \ \ \\\ "us\-south\-vault"
[snip]
32\ /\ Toronto\ Flex
\ \ \ \\\ "tor01\-flex"
location_constraint>1
\f[]
.fi
.RE
.IP " 8." 4
Specify a canned ACL.
IBM Cloud (Strorage) supports "public\-read" and "private".
IBM Cloud(Infra) supports all the canned ACLs.
On\-Premise COS supports all the canned ACLs.
.RS 4
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
Canned\ ACL\ used\ when\ creating\ buckets\ and/or\ storing\ objects\ in\ S3.
For\ more\ info\ visit\ https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/acl\-overview.html#canned\-acl
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ \ 1\ /\ Owner\ gets\ FULL_CONTROL.\ No\ one\ else\ has\ access\ rights\ (default).\ This\ acl\ is\ available\ on\ IBM\ Cloud\ (Infra),\ IBM\ Cloud\ (Storage),\ On\-Premise\ COS
\ \ \\\ "private"
\ \ 2\ \ /\ Owner\ gets\ FULL_CONTROL.\ The\ AllUsers\ group\ gets\ READ\ access.\ This\ acl\ is\ available\ on\ IBM\ Cloud\ (Infra),\ IBM\ Cloud\ (Storage),\ On\-Premise\ IBM\ COS
\ \ \\\ "public\-read"
\ \ 3\ /\ Owner\ gets\ FULL_CONTROL.\ The\ AllUsers\ group\ gets\ READ\ and\ WRITE\ access.\ This\ acl\ is\ available\ on\ IBM\ Cloud\ (Infra),\ On\-Premise\ IBM\ COS
\ \ \\\ "public\-read\-write"
\ \ 4\ \ /\ Owner\ gets\ FULL_CONTROL.\ The\ AuthenticatedUsers\ group\ gets\ READ\ access.\ Not\ supported\ on\ Buckets.\ This\ acl\ is\ available\ on\ IBM\ Cloud\ (Infra)\ and\ On\-Premise\ IBM\ COS
\ \ \\\ "authenticated\-read"
acl>\ 1
\f[]
.fi
.RE
.IP " 9." 4
Review the displayed configuration and accept to save the "remote" then
quit.
The config file should look like this
.RS 4
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
[xxx]
type\ =\ s3
Provider\ =\ IBMCOS
access_key_id\ =\ xxx
secret_access_key\ =\ yyy
endpoint\ =\ s3\-api.us\-geo.objectstorage.softlayer.net
location_constraint\ =\ us\-standard
acl\ =\ private
\f[]
.fi
.RE
.IP "10." 4
Execute rclone commands
.RS 4
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
1)\ \ Create\ a\ bucket.
\ \ \ \ rclone\ mkdir\ IBM\-COS\-XREGION:newbucket
2)\ \ List\ available\ buckets.
\ \ \ \ rclone\ lsd\ IBM\-COS\-XREGION:
\ \ \ \ \-1\ 2017\-11\-08\ 21:16:22\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-1\ test
\ \ \ \ \-1\ 2018\-02\-14\ 20:16:39\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-1\ newbucket
3)\ \ List\ contents\ of\ a\ bucket.
\ \ \ \ rclone\ ls\ IBM\-COS\-XREGION:newbucket
\ \ \ \ 18685952\ test.exe
4)\ \ Copy\ a\ file\ from\ local\ to\ remote.
\ \ \ \ rclone\ copy\ /Users/file.txt\ IBM\-COS\-XREGION:newbucket
5)\ \ Copy\ a\ file\ from\ remote\ to\ local.
\ \ \ \ rclone\ copy\ IBM\-COS\-XREGION:newbucket/file.txt\ .
6)\ \ Delete\ a\ file\ on\ remote.
\ \ \ \ rclone\ delete\ IBM\-COS\-XREGION:newbucket/file.txt
\f[]
.fi
.RE
.SS Minio
.PP
Minio (https://minio.io/) is an object storage server built for cloud
application developers and devops.
.PP
It is very easy to install and provides an S3 compatible server which
can be used by rclone.
.PP
To use it, install Minio following the instructions
here (https://docs.minio.io/docs/minio-quickstart-guide).
.PP
When it configures itself Minio will print something like this
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
Endpoint:\ \ http://192.168.1.106:9000\ \ http://172.23.0.1:9000
AccessKey:\ USWUXHGYZQYFYFFIT3RE
SecretKey:\ MOJRH0mkL1IPauahWITSVvyDrQbEEIwljvmxdq03
Region:\ \ \ \ us\-east\-1
SQS\ ARNs:\ \ arn:minio:sqs:us\-east\-1:1:redis\ arn:minio:sqs:us\-east\-1:2:redis

Browser\ Access:
\ \ \ http://192.168.1.106:9000\ \ http://172.23.0.1:9000

Command\-line\ Access:\ https://docs.minio.io/docs/minio\-client\-quickstart\-guide
\ \ \ $\ mc\ config\ host\ add\ myminio\ http://192.168.1.106:9000\ USWUXHGYZQYFYFFIT3RE\ MOJRH0mkL1IPauahWITSVvyDrQbEEIwljvmxdq03

Object\ API\ (Amazon\ S3\ compatible):
\ \ \ Go:\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ https://docs.minio.io/docs/golang\-client\-quickstart\-guide
\ \ \ Java:\ \ \ \ \ \ \ https://docs.minio.io/docs/java\-client\-quickstart\-guide
\ \ \ Python:\ \ \ \ \ https://docs.minio.io/docs/python\-client\-quickstart\-guide
\ \ \ JavaScript:\ https://docs.minio.io/docs/javascript\-client\-quickstart\-guide
\ \ \ .NET:\ \ \ \ \ \ \ https://docs.minio.io/docs/dotnet\-client\-quickstart\-guide

Drive\ Capacity:\ 26\ GiB\ Free,\ 165\ GiB\ Total
\f[]
.fi
.PP
These details need to go into \f[C]rclone\ config\f[] like this.
Note that it is important to put the region in as stated above.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
env_auth>\ 1
access_key_id>\ USWUXHGYZQYFYFFIT3RE
secret_access_key>\ MOJRH0mkL1IPauahWITSVvyDrQbEEIwljvmxdq03
region>\ us\-east\-1
endpoint>\ http://192.168.1.106:9000
location_constraint>
server_side_encryption>
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Which makes the config file look like this
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
[minio]
type\ =\ s3
provider\ =\ Minio
env_auth\ =\ false
access_key_id\ =\ USWUXHGYZQYFYFFIT3RE
secret_access_key\ =\ MOJRH0mkL1IPauahWITSVvyDrQbEEIwljvmxdq03
region\ =\ us\-east\-1
endpoint\ =\ http://192.168.1.106:9000
location_constraint\ =
server_side_encryption\ =
\f[]
.fi
.PP
So once set up, for example to copy files into a bucket
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ copy\ /path/to/files\ minio:bucket
\f[]
.fi
.SS Wasabi
.PP
Wasabi (https://wasabi.com) is a cloud\-based object storage service for
a broad range of applications and use cases.
Wasabi is designed for individuals and organizations that require a
high\-performance, reliable, and secure data storage infrastructure at
minimal cost.
.PP
Wasabi provides an S3 interface which can be configured for use with
rclone like this.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
No\ remotes\ found\ \-\ make\ a\ new\ one
n)\ New\ remote
s)\ Set\ configuration\ password
n/s>\ n
name>\ wasabi
Type\ of\ storage\ to\ configure.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Amazon\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "amazon\ cloud\ drive"
\ 2\ /\ Amazon\ S3\ (also\ Dreamhost,\ Ceph,\ Minio)
\ \ \ \\\ "s3"
[snip]
Storage>\ s3
Get\ AWS\ credentials\ from\ runtime\ (environment\ variables\ or\ EC2/ECS\ meta\ data\ if\ no\ env\ vars).\ Only\ applies\ if\ access_key_id\ and\ secret_access_key\ is\ blank.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Enter\ AWS\ credentials\ in\ the\ next\ step
\ \ \ \\\ "false"
\ 2\ /\ Get\ AWS\ credentials\ from\ the\ environment\ (env\ vars\ or\ IAM)
\ \ \ \\\ "true"
env_auth>\ 1
AWS\ Access\ Key\ ID\ \-\ leave\ blank\ for\ anonymous\ access\ or\ runtime\ credentials.
access_key_id>\ YOURACCESSKEY
AWS\ Secret\ Access\ Key\ (password)\ \-\ leave\ blank\ for\ anonymous\ access\ or\ runtime\ credentials.
secret_access_key>\ YOURSECRETACCESSKEY
Region\ to\ connect\ to.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ \ \ /\ The\ default\ endpoint\ \-\ a\ good\ choice\ if\ you\ are\ unsure.
\ 1\ |\ US\ Region,\ Northern\ Virginia\ or\ Pacific\ Northwest.
\ \ \ |\ Leave\ location\ constraint\ empty.
\ \ \ \\\ "us\-east\-1"
[snip]
region>\ us\-east\-1
Endpoint\ for\ S3\ API.
Leave\ blank\ if\ using\ AWS\ to\ use\ the\ default\ endpoint\ for\ the\ region.
Specify\ if\ using\ an\ S3\ clone\ such\ as\ Ceph.
endpoint>\ s3.wasabisys.com
Location\ constraint\ \-\ must\ be\ set\ to\ match\ the\ Region.\ Used\ when\ creating\ buckets\ only.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Empty\ for\ US\ Region,\ Northern\ Virginia\ or\ Pacific\ Northwest.
\ \ \ \\\ ""
[snip]
location_constraint>
Canned\ ACL\ used\ when\ creating\ buckets\ and/or\ storing\ objects\ in\ S3.
For\ more\ info\ visit\ https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/acl\-overview.html#canned\-acl
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Owner\ gets\ FULL_CONTROL.\ No\ one\ else\ has\ access\ rights\ (default).
\ \ \ \\\ "private"
[snip]
acl>
The\ server\-side\ encryption\ algorithm\ used\ when\ storing\ this\ object\ in\ S3.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ None
\ \ \ \\\ ""
\ 2\ /\ AES256
\ \ \ \\\ "AES256"
server_side_encryption>
The\ storage\ class\ to\ use\ when\ storing\ objects\ in\ S3.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Default
\ \ \ \\\ ""
\ 2\ /\ Standard\ storage\ class
\ \ \ \\\ "STANDARD"
\ 3\ /\ Reduced\ redundancy\ storage\ class
\ \ \ \\\ "REDUCED_REDUNDANCY"
\ 4\ /\ Standard\ Infrequent\ Access\ storage\ class
\ \ \ \\\ "STANDARD_IA"
storage_class>
Remote\ config
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
[wasabi]
env_auth\ =\ false
access_key_id\ =\ YOURACCESSKEY
secret_access_key\ =\ YOURSECRETACCESSKEY
region\ =\ us\-east\-1
endpoint\ =\ s3.wasabisys.com
location_constraint\ =
acl\ =
server_side_encryption\ =
storage_class\ =
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
y)\ Yes\ this\ is\ OK
e)\ Edit\ this\ remote
d)\ Delete\ this\ remote
y/e/d>\ y
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This will leave the config file looking like this.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
[wasabi]
type\ =\ s3
provider\ =\ Wasabi
env_auth\ =\ false
access_key_id\ =\ YOURACCESSKEY
secret_access_key\ =\ YOURSECRETACCESSKEY
region\ =
endpoint\ =\ s3.wasabisys.com
location_constraint\ =
acl\ =
server_side_encryption\ =
storage_class\ =
\f[]
.fi
.SS Backblaze B2
.PP
B2 is Backblaze\[aq]s cloud storage
system (https://www.backblaze.com/b2/).
.PP
Paths are specified as \f[C]remote:bucket\f[] (or \f[C]remote:\f[] for
the \f[C]lsd\f[] command.) You may put subdirectories in too, eg
\f[C]remote:bucket/path/to/dir\f[].
.PP
Here is an example of making a b2 configuration.
First run
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ config
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This will guide you through an interactive setup process.
You will need your account number (a short hex number) and key (a long
hex number) which you can get from the b2 control panel.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
No\ remotes\ found\ \-\ make\ a\ new\ one
n)\ New\ remote
q)\ Quit\ config
n/q>\ n
name>\ remote
Type\ of\ storage\ to\ configure.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Amazon\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "amazon\ cloud\ drive"
\ 2\ /\ Amazon\ S3\ (also\ Dreamhost,\ Ceph,\ Minio)
\ \ \ \\\ "s3"
\ 3\ /\ Backblaze\ B2
\ \ \ \\\ "b2"
\ 4\ /\ Dropbox
\ \ \ \\\ "dropbox"
\ 5\ /\ Encrypt/Decrypt\ a\ remote
\ \ \ \\\ "crypt"
\ 6\ /\ Google\ Cloud\ Storage\ (this\ is\ not\ Google\ Drive)
\ \ \ \\\ "google\ cloud\ storage"
\ 7\ /\ Google\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "drive"
\ 8\ /\ Hubic
\ \ \ \\\ "hubic"
\ 9\ /\ Local\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "local"
10\ /\ Microsoft\ OneDrive
\ \ \ \\\ "onedrive"
11\ /\ Openstack\ Swift\ (Rackspace\ Cloud\ Files,\ Memset\ Memstore,\ OVH)
\ \ \ \\\ "swift"
12\ /\ SSH/SFTP\ Connection
\ \ \ \\\ "sftp"
13\ /\ Yandex\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "yandex"
Storage>\ 3
Account\ ID
account>\ 123456789abc
Application\ Key
key>\ 0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef0123456789
Endpoint\ for\ the\ service\ \-\ leave\ blank\ normally.
endpoint>
Remote\ config
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
[remote]
account\ =\ 123456789abc
key\ =\ 0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef0123456789
endpoint\ =
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
y)\ Yes\ this\ is\ OK
e)\ Edit\ this\ remote
d)\ Delete\ this\ remote
y/e/d>\ y
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This remote is called \f[C]remote\f[] and can now be used like this
.PP
See all buckets
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ lsd\ remote:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Make a new bucket
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ mkdir\ remote:bucket
\f[]
.fi
.PP
List the contents of a bucket
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ ls\ remote:bucket
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Sync \f[C]/home/local/directory\f[] to the remote bucket, deleting any
excess files in the bucket.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ sync\ /home/local/directory\ remote:bucket
\f[]
.fi
.SS \-\-fast\-list
.PP
This remote supports \f[C]\-\-fast\-list\f[] which allows you to use
fewer transactions in exchange for more memory.
See the rclone docs (/docs/#fast-list) for more details.
.SS Modified time
.PP
The modified time is stored as metadata on the object as
\f[C]X\-Bz\-Info\-src_last_modified_millis\f[] as milliseconds since
1970\-01\-01 in the Backblaze standard.
Other tools should be able to use this as a modified time.
.PP
Modified times are used in syncing and are fully supported except in the
case of updating a modification time on an existing object.
In this case the object will be uploaded again as B2 doesn\[aq]t have an
API method to set the modification time independent of doing an upload.
.SS SHA1 checksums
.PP
The SHA1 checksums of the files are checked on upload and download and
will be used in the syncing process.
.PP
Large files (bigger than the limit in \f[C]\-\-b2\-upload\-cutoff\f[])
which are uploaded in chunks will store their SHA1 on the object as
\f[C]X\-Bz\-Info\-large_file_sha1\f[] as recommended by Backblaze.
.PP
For a large file to be uploaded with an SHA1 checksum, the source needs
to support SHA1 checksums.
The local disk supports SHA1 checksums so large file transfers from
local disk will have an SHA1.
See the overview (/overview/#features) for exactly which remotes support
SHA1.
.PP
Sources which don\[aq]t support SHA1, in particular \f[C]crypt\f[] will
upload large files without SHA1 checksums.
This may be fixed in the future (see
#1767 (https://github.com/ncw/rclone/issues/1767)).
.PP
Files sizes below \f[C]\-\-b2\-upload\-cutoff\f[] will always have an
SHA1 regardless of the source.
.SS Transfers
.PP
Backblaze recommends that you do lots of transfers simultaneously for
maximum speed.
In tests from my SSD equipped laptop the optimum setting is about
\f[C]\-\-transfers\ 32\f[] though higher numbers may be used for a
slight speed improvement.
The optimum number for you may vary depending on your hardware, how big
the files are, how much you want to load your computer, etc.
The default of \f[C]\-\-transfers\ 4\f[] is definitely too low for
Backblaze B2 though.
.PP
Note that uploading big files (bigger than 200 MB by default) will use a
96 MB RAM buffer by default.
There can be at most \f[C]\-\-transfers\f[] of these in use at any
moment, so this sets the upper limit on the memory used.
.SS Versions
.PP
When rclone uploads a new version of a file it creates a new version of
it (https://www.backblaze.com/b2/docs/file_versions.html).
Likewise when you delete a file, the old version will be marked hidden
and still be available.
Conversely, you may opt in to a "hard delete" of files with the
\f[C]\-\-b2\-hard\-delete\f[] flag which would permanently remove the
file instead of hiding it.
.PP
Old versions of files, where available, are visible using the
\f[C]\-\-b2\-versions\f[] flag.
.PP
If you wish to remove all the old versions then you can use the
\f[C]rclone\ cleanup\ remote:bucket\f[] command which will delete all
the old versions of files, leaving the current ones intact.
You can also supply a path and only old versions under that path will be
deleted, eg \f[C]rclone\ cleanup\ remote:bucket/path/to/stuff\f[].
.PP
When you \f[C]purge\f[] a bucket, the current and the old versions will
be deleted then the bucket will be deleted.
.PP
However \f[C]delete\f[] will cause the current versions of the files to
become hidden old versions.
.PP
Here is a session showing the listing and retrieval of an old version
followed by a \f[C]cleanup\f[] of the old versions.
.PP
Show current version and all the versions with \f[C]\-\-b2\-versions\f[]
flag.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$\ rclone\ \-q\ ls\ b2:cleanup\-test
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 9\ one.txt

$\ rclone\ \-q\ \-\-b2\-versions\ ls\ b2:cleanup\-test
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 9\ one.txt
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 8\ one\-v2016\-07\-04\-141032\-000.txt
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 16\ one\-v2016\-07\-04\-141003\-000.txt
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 15\ one\-v2016\-07\-02\-155621\-000.txt
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Retrieve an old version
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$\ rclone\ \-q\ \-\-b2\-versions\ copy\ b2:cleanup\-test/one\-v2016\-07\-04\-141003\-000.txt\ /tmp

$\ ls\ \-l\ /tmp/one\-v2016\-07\-04\-141003\-000.txt
\-rw\-rw\-r\-\-\ 1\ ncw\ ncw\ 16\ Jul\ \ 2\ 17:46\ /tmp/one\-v2016\-07\-04\-141003\-000.txt
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Clean up all the old versions and show that they\[aq]ve gone.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$\ rclone\ \-q\ cleanup\ b2:cleanup\-test

$\ rclone\ \-q\ ls\ b2:cleanup\-test
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 9\ one.txt

$\ rclone\ \-q\ \-\-b2\-versions\ ls\ b2:cleanup\-test
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 9\ one.txt
\f[]
.fi
.SS Data usage
.PP
It is useful to know how many requests are sent to the server in
different scenarios.
.PP
All copy commands send the following 4 requests:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
/b2api/v1/b2_authorize_account
/b2api/v1/b2_create_bucket
/b2api/v1/b2_list_buckets
/b2api/v1/b2_list_file_names
\f[]
.fi
.PP
The \f[C]b2_list_file_names\f[] request will be sent once for every 1k
files in the remote path, providing the checksum and modification time
of the listed files.
As of version 1.33 issue #818 (https://github.com/ncw/rclone/issues/818)
causes extra requests to be sent when using B2 with Crypt.
When a copy operation does not require any files to be uploaded, no more
requests will be sent.
.PP
Uploading files that do not require chunking, will send 2 requests per
file upload:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
/b2api/v1/b2_get_upload_url
/b2api/v1/b2_upload_file/
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Uploading files requiring chunking, will send 2 requests (one each to
start and finish the upload) and another 2 requests for each chunk:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
/b2api/v1/b2_start_large_file
/b2api/v1/b2_get_upload_part_url
/b2api/v1/b2_upload_part/
/b2api/v1/b2_finish_large_file
\f[]
.fi
.SS Specific options
.PP
Here are the command line options specific to this cloud storage system.
.SS \-\-b2\-chunk\-size valuee=SIZE
.PP
When uploading large files chunk the file into this size.
Note that these chunks are buffered in memory and there might a maximum
of \f[C]\-\-transfers\f[] chunks in progress at once.
5,000,000 Bytes is the minimim size (default 96M).
.SS \-\-b2\-upload\-cutoff=SIZE
.PP
Cutoff for switching to chunked upload (default 190.735 MiB == 200 MB).
Files above this size will be uploaded in chunks of
\f[C]\-\-b2\-chunk\-size\f[].
.PP
This value should be set no larger than 4.657GiB (== 5GB) as this is the
largest file size that can be uploaded.
.SS \-\-b2\-test\-mode=FLAG
.PP
This is for debugging purposes only.
.PP
Setting FLAG to one of the strings below will cause b2 to return
specific errors for debugging purposes.
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]fail_some_uploads\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]expire_some_account_authorization_tokens\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]force_cap_exceeded\f[]
.PP
These will be set in the \f[C]X\-Bz\-Test\-Mode\f[] header which is
documented in the b2 integrations
checklist (https://www.backblaze.com/b2/docs/integration_checklist.html).
.SS \-\-b2\-versions
.PP
When set rclone will show and act on older versions of files.
For example
.PP
Listing without \f[C]\-\-b2\-versions\f[]
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$\ rclone\ \-q\ ls\ b2:cleanup\-test
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 9\ one.txt
\f[]
.fi
.PP
And with
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$\ rclone\ \-q\ \-\-b2\-versions\ ls\ b2:cleanup\-test
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 9\ one.txt
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 8\ one\-v2016\-07\-04\-141032\-000.txt
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 16\ one\-v2016\-07\-04\-141003\-000.txt
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 15\ one\-v2016\-07\-02\-155621\-000.txt
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Showing that the current version is unchanged but older versions can be
seen.
These have the UTC date that they were uploaded to the server to the
nearest millisecond appended to them.
.PP
Note that when using \f[C]\-\-b2\-versions\f[] no file write operations
are permitted, so you can\[aq]t upload files or delete them.
.SS Box
.PP
Paths are specified as \f[C]remote:path\f[]
.PP
Paths may be as deep as required, eg
\f[C]remote:directory/subdirectory\f[].
.PP
The initial setup for Box involves getting a token from Box which you
need to do in your browser.
\f[C]rclone\ config\f[] walks you through it.
.PP
Here is an example of how to make a remote called \f[C]remote\f[].
First run:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ rclone\ config
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This will guide you through an interactive setup process:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
No\ remotes\ found\ \-\ make\ a\ new\ one
n)\ New\ remote
s)\ Set\ configuration\ password
q)\ Quit\ config
n/s/q>\ n
name>\ remote
Type\ of\ storage\ to\ configure.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Amazon\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "amazon\ cloud\ drive"
\ 2\ /\ Amazon\ S3\ (also\ Dreamhost,\ Ceph,\ Minio)
\ \ \ \\\ "s3"
\ 3\ /\ Backblaze\ B2
\ \ \ \\\ "b2"
\ 4\ /\ Box
\ \ \ \\\ "box"
\ 5\ /\ Dropbox
\ \ \ \\\ "dropbox"
\ 6\ /\ Encrypt/Decrypt\ a\ remote
\ \ \ \\\ "crypt"
\ 7\ /\ FTP\ Connection
\ \ \ \\\ "ftp"
\ 8\ /\ Google\ Cloud\ Storage\ (this\ is\ not\ Google\ Drive)
\ \ \ \\\ "google\ cloud\ storage"
\ 9\ /\ Google\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "drive"
10\ /\ Hubic
\ \ \ \\\ "hubic"
11\ /\ Local\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "local"
12\ /\ Microsoft\ OneDrive
\ \ \ \\\ "onedrive"
13\ /\ Openstack\ Swift\ (Rackspace\ Cloud\ Files,\ Memset\ Memstore,\ OVH)
\ \ \ \\\ "swift"
14\ /\ SSH/SFTP\ Connection
\ \ \ \\\ "sftp"
15\ /\ Yandex\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "yandex"
16\ /\ http\ Connection
\ \ \ \\\ "http"
Storage>\ box
Box\ App\ Client\ Id\ \-\ leave\ blank\ normally.
client_id>\ 
Box\ App\ Client\ Secret\ \-\ leave\ blank\ normally.
client_secret>\ 
Remote\ config
Use\ auto\ config?
\ *\ Say\ Y\ if\ not\ sure
\ *\ Say\ N\ if\ you\ are\ working\ on\ a\ remote\ or\ headless\ machine
y)\ Yes
n)\ No
y/n>\ y
If\ your\ browser\ doesn\[aq]t\ open\ automatically\ go\ to\ the\ following\ link:\ http://127.0.0.1:53682/auth
Log\ in\ and\ authorize\ rclone\ for\ access
Waiting\ for\ code...
Got\ code
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
[remote]
client_id\ =\ 
client_secret\ =\ 
token\ =\ {"access_token":"XXX","token_type":"bearer","refresh_token":"XXX","expiry":"XXX"}
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
y)\ Yes\ this\ is\ OK
e)\ Edit\ this\ remote
d)\ Delete\ this\ remote
y/e/d>\ y
\f[]
.fi
.PP
See the remote setup docs (https://rclone.org/remote_setup/) for how to
set it up on a machine with no Internet browser available.
.PP
Note that rclone runs a webserver on your local machine to collect the
token as returned from Box.
This only runs from the moment it opens your browser to the moment you
get back the verification code.
This is on \f[C]http://127.0.0.1:53682/\f[] and this it may require you
to unblock it temporarily if you are running a host firewall.
.PP
Once configured you can then use \f[C]rclone\f[] like this,
.PP
List directories in top level of your Box
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ lsd\ remote:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
List all the files in your Box
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ ls\ remote:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
To copy a local directory to an Box directory called backup
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ copy\ /home/source\ remote:backup
\f[]
.fi
.SS Invalid refresh token
.PP
According to the box
docs (https://developer.box.com/v2.0/docs/oauth-20#section-6-using-the-access-and-refresh-tokens):
.RS
.PP
Each refresh_token is valid for one use in 60 days.
.RE
.PP
This means that if you
.IP \[bu] 2
Don\[aq]t use the box remote for 60 days
.IP \[bu] 2
Copy the config file with a box refresh token in and use it in two
places
.IP \[bu] 2
Get an error on a token refresh
.PP
then rclone will return an error which includes the text
\f[C]Invalid\ refresh\ token\f[].
.PP
To fix this you will need to use oauth2 again to update the refresh
token.
You can use the methods in the remote setup
docs (https://rclone.org/remote_setup/), bearing in mind that if you use
the copy the config file method, you should not use that remote on the
computer you did the authentication on.
.PP
Here is how to do it.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$\ rclone\ config
Current\ remotes:

Name\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Type
====\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ ====
remote\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ box

e)\ Edit\ existing\ remote
n)\ New\ remote
d)\ Delete\ remote
r)\ Rename\ remote
c)\ Copy\ remote
s)\ Set\ configuration\ password
q)\ Quit\ config
e/n/d/r/c/s/q>\ e
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ an\ existing\ value
\ 1\ >\ remote
remote>\ remote
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
[remote]
type\ =\ box
token\ =\ {"access_token":"XXX","token_type":"bearer","refresh_token":"XXX","expiry":"2017\-07\-08T23:40:08.059167677+01:00"}
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
Edit\ remote
Value\ "client_id"\ =\ ""
Edit?\ (y/n)>
y)\ Yes
n)\ No
y/n>\ n
Value\ "client_secret"\ =\ ""
Edit?\ (y/n)>
y)\ Yes
n)\ No
y/n>\ n
Remote\ config
Already\ have\ a\ token\ \-\ refresh?
y)\ Yes
n)\ No
y/n>\ y
Use\ auto\ config?
\ *\ Say\ Y\ if\ not\ sure
\ *\ Say\ N\ if\ you\ are\ working\ on\ a\ remote\ or\ headless\ machine
y)\ Yes
n)\ No
y/n>\ y
If\ your\ browser\ doesn\[aq]t\ open\ automatically\ go\ to\ the\ following\ link:\ http://127.0.0.1:53682/auth
Log\ in\ and\ authorize\ rclone\ for\ access
Waiting\ for\ code...
Got\ code
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
[remote]
type\ =\ box
token\ =\ {"access_token":"YYY","token_type":"bearer","refresh_token":"YYY","expiry":"2017\-07\-23T12:22:29.259137901+01:00"}
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
y)\ Yes\ this\ is\ OK
e)\ Edit\ this\ remote
d)\ Delete\ this\ remote
y/e/d>\ y
\f[]
.fi
.SS Modified time and hashes
.PP
Box allows modification times to be set on objects accurate to 1 second.
These will be used to detect whether objects need syncing or not.
.PP
One drive supports SHA1 type hashes, so you can use the
\f[C]\-\-checksum\f[] flag.
.SS Transfers
.PP
For files above 50MB rclone will use a chunked transfer.
Rclone will upload up to \f[C]\-\-transfers\f[] chunks at the same time
(shared among all the multipart uploads).
Chunks are buffered in memory and are normally 8MB so increasing
\f[C]\-\-transfers\f[] will increase memory use.
.SS Deleting files
.PP
Depending on the enterprise settings for your user, the item will either
be actually deleted from Box or moved to the trash.
.SS Specific options
.PP
Here are the command line options specific to this cloud storage system.
.SS \-\-box\-upload\-cutoff=SIZE
.PP
Cutoff for switching to chunked upload \- must be >= 50MB.
The default is 50MB.
.SS Limitations
.PP
Note that Box is case insensitive so you can\[aq]t have a file called
"Hello.doc" and one called "hello.doc".
.PP
Box file names can\[aq]t have the \f[C]\\\f[] character in.
rclone maps this to and from an identical looking unicode equivalent
\f[C]＼\f[].
.PP
Box only supports filenames up to 255 characters in length.
.SS Cache (BETA)
.PP
The \f[C]cache\f[] remote wraps another existing remote and stores file
structure and its data for long running tasks like
\f[C]rclone\ mount\f[].
.PP
To get started you just need to have an existing remote which can be
configured with \f[C]cache\f[].
.PP
Here is an example of how to make a remote called \f[C]test\-cache\f[].
First run:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ rclone\ config
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This will guide you through an interactive setup process:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
No\ remotes\ found\ \-\ make\ a\ new\ one
n)\ New\ remote
r)\ Rename\ remote
c)\ Copy\ remote
s)\ Set\ configuration\ password
q)\ Quit\ config
n/r/c/s/q>\ n
name>\ test\-cache
Type\ of\ storage\ to\ configure.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\&...
\ 5\ /\ Cache\ a\ remote
\ \ \ \\\ "cache"
\&...
Storage>\ 5
Remote\ to\ cache.
Normally\ should\ contain\ a\ \[aq]:\[aq]\ and\ a\ path,\ eg\ "myremote:path/to/dir",
"myremote:bucket"\ or\ maybe\ "myremote:"\ (not\ recommended).
remote>\ local:/test
Optional:\ The\ URL\ of\ the\ Plex\ server
plex_url>\ http://127.0.0.1:32400
Optional:\ The\ username\ of\ the\ Plex\ user
plex_username>\ dummyusername
Optional:\ The\ password\ of\ the\ Plex\ user
y)\ Yes\ type\ in\ my\ own\ password
g)\ Generate\ random\ password
n)\ No\ leave\ this\ optional\ password\ blank
y/g/n>\ y
Enter\ the\ password:
password:
Confirm\ the\ password:
password:
The\ size\ of\ a\ chunk.\ Lower\ value\ good\ for\ slow\ connections\ but\ can\ affect\ seamless\ reading.
Default:\ 5M
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ 1MB
\ \ \ \\\ "1m"
\ 2\ /\ 5\ MB
\ \ \ \\\ "5M"
\ 3\ /\ 10\ MB
\ \ \ \\\ "10M"
chunk_size>\ 2
How\ much\ time\ should\ object\ info\ (file\ size,\ file\ hashes\ etc)\ be\ stored\ in\ cache.\ Use\ a\ very\ high\ value\ if\ you\ don\[aq]t\ plan\ on\ changing\ the\ source\ FS\ from\ outside\ the\ cache.
Accepted\ units\ are:\ "s",\ "m",\ "h".
Default:\ 5m
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ 1\ hour
\ \ \ \\\ "1h"
\ 2\ /\ 24\ hours
\ \ \ \\\ "24h"
\ 3\ /\ 24\ hours
\ \ \ \\\ "48h"
info_age>\ 2
The\ maximum\ size\ of\ stored\ chunks.\ When\ the\ storage\ grows\ beyond\ this\ size,\ the\ oldest\ chunks\ will\ be\ deleted.
Default:\ 10G
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ 500\ MB
\ \ \ \\\ "500M"
\ 2\ /\ 1\ GB
\ \ \ \\\ "1G"
\ 3\ /\ 10\ GB
\ \ \ \\\ "10G"
chunk_total_size>\ 3
Remote\ config
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
[test\-cache]
remote\ =\ local:/test
plex_url\ =\ http://127.0.0.1:32400
plex_username\ =\ dummyusername
plex_password\ =\ ***\ ENCRYPTED\ ***
chunk_size\ =\ 5M
info_age\ =\ 48h
chunk_total_size\ =\ 10G
\f[]
.fi
.PP
You can then use it like this,
.PP
List directories in top level of your drive
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ lsd\ test\-cache:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
List all the files in your drive
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ ls\ test\-cache:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
To start a cached mount
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ mount\ \-\-allow\-other\ test\-cache:\ /var/tmp/test\-cache
\f[]
.fi
.SS Write Features
.SS Offline uploading
.PP
In an effort to make writing through cache more reliable, the backend
now supports this feature which can be activated by specifying a
\f[C]cache\-tmp\-upload\-path\f[].
.PP
A files goes through these states when using this feature:
.IP "1." 3
An upload is started (usually by copying a file on the cache remote)
.IP "2." 3
When the copy to the temporary location is complete the file is part of
the cached remote and looks and behaves like any other file (reading
included)
.IP "3." 3
After \f[C]cache\-tmp\-wait\-time\f[] passes and the file is next in
line, \f[C]rclone\ move\f[] is used to move the file to the cloud
provider
.IP "4." 3
Reading the file still works during the upload but most modifications on
it will be prohibited
.IP "5." 3
Once the move is complete the file is unlocked for modifications as it
becomes as any other regular file
.IP "6." 3
If the file is being read through \f[C]cache\f[] when it\[aq]s actually
deleted from the temporary path then \f[C]cache\f[] will simply swap the
source to the cloud provider without interrupting the reading (small
blip can happen though)
.PP
Files are uploaded in sequence and only one file is uploaded at a time.
Uploads will be stored in a queue and be processed based on the order
they were added.
The queue and the temporary storage is persistent across restarts and
even purges of the cache.
.SS Write Support
.PP
Writes are supported through \f[C]cache\f[].
One caveat is that a mounted cache remote does not add any retry or
fallback mechanism to the upload operation.
This will depend on the implementation of the wrapped remote.
Consider using \f[C]Offline\ uploading\f[] for reliable writes.
.PP
One special case is covered with \f[C]cache\-writes\f[] which will cache
the file data at the same time as the upload when it is enabled making
it available from the cache store immediately once the upload is
finished.
.SS Read Features
.SS Multiple connections
.PP
To counter the high latency between a local PC where rclone is running
and cloud providers, the cache remote can split multiple requests to the
cloud provider for smaller file chunks and combines them together
locally where they can be available almost immediately before the reader
usually needs them.
.PP
This is similar to buffering when media files are played online.
Rclone will stay around the current marker but always try its best to
stay ahead and prepare the data before.
.SS Plex Integration
.PP
There is a direct integration with Plex which allows cache to detect
during reading if the file is in playback or not.
This helps cache to adapt how it queries the cloud provider depending on
what is needed for.
.PP
Scans will have a minimum amount of workers (1) while in a confirmed
playback cache will deploy the configured number of workers.
.PP
This integration opens the doorway to additional performance
improvements which will be explored in the near future.
.PP
\f[B]Note:\f[] If Plex options are not configured, \f[C]cache\f[] will
function with its configured options without adapting any of its
settings.
.PP
How to enable?
Run \f[C]rclone\ config\f[] and add all the Plex options (endpoint,
username and password) in your remote and it will be automatically
enabled.
.PP
Affected settings: \- \f[C]cache\-workers\f[]: \f[I]Configured value\f[]
during confirmed playback or \f[I]1\f[] all the other times
.SS Known issues
.SS Mount and \-\-dir\-cache\-time
.PP
\-\-dir\-cache\-time controls the first layer of directory caching which
works at the mount layer.
Being an independent caching mechanism from the \f[C]cache\f[] backend,
it will manage its own entries based on the configured time.
.PP
To avoid getting in a scenario where dir cache has obsolete data and
cache would have the correct one, try to set
\f[C]\-\-dir\-cache\-time\f[] to a lower time than
\f[C]\-\-cache\-info\-age\f[].
Default values are already configured in this way.
.SS Windows support \- Experimental
.PP
There are a couple of issues with Windows \f[C]mount\f[] functionality
that still require some investigations.
It should be considered as experimental thus far as fixes come in for
this OS.
.PP
Most of the issues seem to be related to the difference between
filesystems on Linux flavors and Windows as cache is heavily dependant
on them.
.PP
Any reports or feedback on how cache behaves on this OS is greatly
appreciated.
.IP \[bu] 2
https://github.com/ncw/rclone/issues/1935
.IP \[bu] 2
https://github.com/ncw/rclone/issues/1907
.IP \[bu] 2
https://github.com/ncw/rclone/issues/1834
.SS Risk of throttling
.PP
Future iterations of the cache backend will make use of the pooling
functionality of the cloud provider to synchronize and at the same time
make writing through it more tolerant to failures.
.PP
There are a couple of enhancements in track to add these but in the
meantime there is a valid concern that the expiring cache listings can
lead to cloud provider throttles or bans due to repeated queries on it
for very large mounts.
.PP
Some recommendations: \- don\[aq]t use a very small interval for entry
informations (\f[C]\-\-cache\-info\-age\f[]) \- while writes aren\[aq]t
yet optimised, you can still write through \f[C]cache\f[] which gives
you the advantage of adding the file in the cache at the same time if
configured to do so.
.PP
Future enhancements:
.IP \[bu] 2
https://github.com/ncw/rclone/issues/1937
.IP \[bu] 2
https://github.com/ncw/rclone/issues/1936
.SS cache and crypt
.PP
One common scenario is to keep your data encrypted in the cloud provider
using the \f[C]crypt\f[] remote.
\f[C]crypt\f[] uses a similar technique to wrap around an existing
remote and handles this translation in a seamless way.
.PP
There is an issue with wrapping the remotes in this order: \f[B]cloud
remote\f[] \-> \f[B]crypt\f[] \-> \f[B]cache\f[]
.PP
During testing, I experienced a lot of bans with the remotes in this
order.
I suspect it might be related to how crypt opens files on the cloud
provider which makes it think we\[aq]re downloading the full file
instead of small chunks.
Organizing the remotes in this order yelds better results: \f[B]cloud
remote\f[] \-> \f[B]cache\f[] \-> \f[B]crypt\f[]
.SS Cache and Remote Control (\-\-rc)
.PP
Cache supports the new \f[C]\-\-rc\f[] mode in rclone and can be remote
controlled through the following end points: By default, the listener is
disabled if you do not add the flag.
.SS rc cache/expire
.PP
Purge a remote from the cache backend.
Supports either a directory or a file.
It supports both encrypted and unencrypted file names if cache is
wrapped by crypt.
.PP
Params: \- \f[B]remote\f[] = path to remote \f[B](required)\f[] \-
\f[B]withData\f[] = true/false to delete cached data (chunks) as well
\f[I](optional, false by default)\f[]
.SS Specific options
.PP
Here are the command line options specific to this cloud storage system.
.SS \-\-cache\-chunk\-path=PATH
.PP
Path to where partial file data (chunks) is stored locally.
The remote name is appended to the final path.
.PP
This config follows the \f[C]\-\-cache\-db\-path\f[].
If you specify a custom location for \f[C]\-\-cache\-db\-path\f[] and
don\[aq]t specify one for \f[C]\-\-cache\-chunk\-path\f[] then
\f[C]\-\-cache\-chunk\-path\f[] will use the same path as
\f[C]\-\-cache\-db\-path\f[].
.PP
\f[B]Default\f[]: /cache\-backend/ \f[B]Example\f[]:
/.cache/cache\-backend/test\-cache
.SS \-\-cache\-db\-path=PATH
.PP
Path to where the file structure metadata (DB) is stored locally.
The remote name is used as the DB file name.
.PP
\f[B]Default\f[]: /cache\-backend/ \f[B]Example\f[]:
/.cache/cache\-backend/test\-cache
.SS \-\-cache\-db\-purge
.PP
Flag to clear all the cached data for this remote before.
.PP
\f[B]Default\f[]: not set
.SS \-\-cache\-chunk\-size=SIZE
.PP
The size of a chunk (partial file data).
Use lower numbers for slower connections.
If the chunk size is changed, any downloaded chunks will be invalid and
cache\-chunk\-path will need to be cleared or unexpected EOF errors will
occur.
.PP
\f[B]Default\f[]: 5M
.SS \-\-cache\-total\-chunk\-size=SIZE
.PP
The total size that the chunks can take up on the local disk.
If \f[C]cache\f[] exceeds this value then it will start to the delete
the oldest chunks until it goes under this value.
.PP
\f[B]Default\f[]: 10G
.SS \-\-cache\-chunk\-clean\-interval=DURATION
.PP
How often should \f[C]cache\f[] perform cleanups of the chunk storage.
The default value should be ok for most people.
If you find that \f[C]cache\f[] goes over
\f[C]cache\-total\-chunk\-size\f[] too often then try to lower this
value to force it to perform cleanups more often.
.PP
\f[B]Default\f[]: 1m
.SS \-\-cache\-info\-age=DURATION
.PP
How long to keep file structure information (directory listings, file
size, mod times etc) locally.
.PP
If all write operations are done through \f[C]cache\f[] then you can
safely make this value very large as the cache store will also be
updated in real time.
.PP
\f[B]Default\f[]: 6h
.SS \-\-cache\-read\-retries=RETRIES
.PP
How many times to retry a read from a cache storage.
.PP
Since reading from a \f[C]cache\f[] stream is independent from
downloading file data, readers can get to a point where there\[aq]s no
more data in the cache.
Most of the times this can indicate a connectivity issue if
\f[C]cache\f[] isn\[aq]t able to provide file data anymore.
.PP
For really slow connections, increase this to a point where the stream
is able to provide data but your experience will be very stuttering.
.PP
\f[B]Default\f[]: 10
.SS \-\-cache\-workers=WORKERS
.PP
How many workers should run in parallel to download chunks.
.PP
Higher values will mean more parallel processing (better CPU needed) and
more concurrent requests on the cloud provider.
This impacts several aspects like the cloud provider API limits, more
stress on the hardware that rclone runs on but it also means that
streams will be more fluid and data will be available much more faster
to readers.
.PP
\f[B]Note\f[]: If the optional Plex integration is enabled then this
setting will adapt to the type of reading performed and the value
specified here will be used as a maximum number of workers to use.
\f[B]Default\f[]: 4
.SS \-\-cache\-chunk\-no\-memory
.PP
By default, \f[C]cache\f[] will keep file data during streaming in RAM
as well to provide it to readers as fast as possible.
.PP
This transient data is evicted as soon as it is read and the number of
chunks stored doesn\[aq]t exceed the number of workers.
However, depending on other settings like \f[C]cache\-chunk\-size\f[]
and \f[C]cache\-workers\f[] this footprint can increase if there are
parallel streams too (multiple files being read at the same time).
.PP
If the hardware permits it, use this feature to provide an overall
better performance during streaming but it can also be disabled if RAM
is not available on the local machine.
.PP
\f[B]Default\f[]: not set
.SS \-\-cache\-rps=NUMBER
.PP
This setting places a hard limit on the number of requests per second
that \f[C]cache\f[] will be doing to the cloud provider remote and try
to respect that value by setting waits between reads.
.PP
If you find that you\[aq]re getting banned or limited on the cloud
provider through cache and know that a smaller number of requests per
second will allow you to work with it then you can use this setting for
that.
.PP
A good balance of all the other settings should make this setting
useless but it is available to set for more special cases.
.PP
\f[B]NOTE\f[]: This will limit the number of requests during streams but
other API calls to the cloud provider like directory listings will still
pass.
.PP
\f[B]Default\f[]: disabled
.SS \-\-cache\-writes
.PP
If you need to read files immediately after you upload them through
\f[C]cache\f[] you can enable this flag to have their data stored in the
cache store at the same time during upload.
.PP
\f[B]Default\f[]: not set
.SS \-\-cache\-tmp\-upload\-path=PATH
.PP
This is the path where \f[C]cache\f[] will use as a temporary storage
for new files that need to be uploaded to the cloud provider.
.PP
Specifying a value will enable this feature.
Without it, it is completely disabled and files will be uploaded
directly to the cloud provider
.PP
\f[B]Default\f[]: empty
.SS \-\-cache\-tmp\-wait\-time=DURATION
.PP
This is the duration that a file must wait in the temporary location
\f[I]cache\-tmp\-upload\-path\f[] before it is selected for upload.
.PP
Note that only one file is uploaded at a time and it can take longer to
start the upload if a queue formed for this purpose.
.PP
\f[B]Default\f[]: 15m
.SS \-\-cache\-db\-wait\-time=DURATION
.PP
Only one process can have the DB open at any one time, so rclone waits
for this duration for the DB to become available before it gives an
error.
.PP
If you set it to 0 then it will wait forever.
.PP
\f[B]Default\f[]: 1s
.SS Crypt
.PP
The \f[C]crypt\f[] remote encrypts and decrypts another remote.
.PP
To use it first set up the underlying remote following the config
instructions for that remote.
You can also use a local pathname instead of a remote which will encrypt
and decrypt from that directory which might be useful for encrypting
onto a USB stick for example.
.PP
First check your chosen remote is working \- we\[aq]ll call it
\f[C]remote:path\f[] in these docs.
Note that anything inside \f[C]remote:path\f[] will be encrypted and
anything outside won\[aq]t.
This means that if you are using a bucket based remote (eg S3, B2,
swift) then you should probably put the bucket in the remote
\f[C]s3:bucket\f[].
If you just use \f[C]s3:\f[] then rclone will make encrypted bucket
names too (if using file name encryption) which may or may not be what
you want.
.PP
Now configure \f[C]crypt\f[] using \f[C]rclone\ config\f[].
We will call this one \f[C]secret\f[] to differentiate it from the
\f[C]remote\f[].
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
No\ remotes\ found\ \-\ make\ a\ new\ one
n)\ New\ remote
s)\ Set\ configuration\ password
q)\ Quit\ config
n/s/q>\ n\ \ \ 
name>\ secret
Type\ of\ storage\ to\ configure.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Amazon\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "amazon\ cloud\ drive"
\ 2\ /\ Amazon\ S3\ (also\ Dreamhost,\ Ceph,\ Minio)
\ \ \ \\\ "s3"
\ 3\ /\ Backblaze\ B2
\ \ \ \\\ "b2"
\ 4\ /\ Dropbox
\ \ \ \\\ "dropbox"
\ 5\ /\ Encrypt/Decrypt\ a\ remote
\ \ \ \\\ "crypt"
\ 6\ /\ Google\ Cloud\ Storage\ (this\ is\ not\ Google\ Drive)
\ \ \ \\\ "google\ cloud\ storage"
\ 7\ /\ Google\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "drive"
\ 8\ /\ Hubic
\ \ \ \\\ "hubic"
\ 9\ /\ Local\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "local"
10\ /\ Microsoft\ OneDrive
\ \ \ \\\ "onedrive"
11\ /\ Openstack\ Swift\ (Rackspace\ Cloud\ Files,\ Memset\ Memstore,\ OVH)
\ \ \ \\\ "swift"
12\ /\ SSH/SFTP\ Connection
\ \ \ \\\ "sftp"
13\ /\ Yandex\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "yandex"
Storage>\ 5
Remote\ to\ encrypt/decrypt.
Normally\ should\ contain\ a\ \[aq]:\[aq]\ and\ a\ path,\ eg\ "myremote:path/to/dir",
"myremote:bucket"\ or\ maybe\ "myremote:"\ (not\ recommended).
remote>\ remote:path
How\ to\ encrypt\ the\ filenames.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Don\[aq]t\ encrypt\ the\ file\ names.\ \ Adds\ a\ ".bin"\ extension\ only.
\ \ \ \\\ "off"
\ 2\ /\ Encrypt\ the\ filenames\ see\ the\ docs\ for\ the\ details.
\ \ \ \\\ "standard"
\ 3\ /\ Very\ simple\ filename\ obfuscation.
\ \ \ \\\ "obfuscate"
filename_encryption>\ 2
Option\ to\ either\ encrypt\ directory\ names\ or\ leave\ them\ intact.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Encrypt\ directory\ names.
\ \ \ \\\ "true"
\ 2\ /\ Don\[aq]t\ encrypt\ directory\ names,\ leave\ them\ intact.
\ \ \ \\\ "false"
filename_encryption>\ 1
Password\ or\ pass\ phrase\ for\ encryption.
y)\ Yes\ type\ in\ my\ own\ password
g)\ Generate\ random\ password
y/g>\ y
Enter\ the\ password:
password:
Confirm\ the\ password:
password:
Password\ or\ pass\ phrase\ for\ salt.\ Optional\ but\ recommended.
Should\ be\ different\ to\ the\ previous\ password.
y)\ Yes\ type\ in\ my\ own\ password
g)\ Generate\ random\ password
n)\ No\ leave\ this\ optional\ password\ blank
y/g/n>\ g
Password\ strength\ in\ bits.
64\ is\ just\ about\ memorable
128\ is\ secure
1024\ is\ the\ maximum
Bits>\ 128
Your\ password\ is:\ JAsJvRcgR\-_veXNfy_sGmQ
Use\ this\ password?
y)\ Yes
n)\ No
y/n>\ y
Remote\ config
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
[secret]
remote\ =\ remote:path
filename_encryption\ =\ standard
password\ =\ ***\ ENCRYPTED\ ***
password2\ =\ ***\ ENCRYPTED\ ***
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
y)\ Yes\ this\ is\ OK
e)\ Edit\ this\ remote
d)\ Delete\ this\ remote
y/e/d>\ y
\f[]
.fi
.PP
\f[B]Important\f[] The password is stored in the config file is lightly
obscured so it isn\[aq]t immediately obvious what it is.
It is in no way secure unless you use config file encryption.
.PP
A long passphrase is recommended, or you can use a random one.
Note that if you reconfigure rclone with the same passwords/passphrases
elsewhere it will be compatible \- all the secrets used are derived from
those two passwords/passphrases.
.PP
Note that rclone does not encrypt
.IP \[bu] 2
file length \- this can be calcuated within 16 bytes
.IP \[bu] 2
modification time \- used for syncing
.SS Specifying the remote
.PP
In normal use, make sure the remote has a \f[C]:\f[] in.
If you specify the remote without a \f[C]:\f[] then rclone will use a
local directory of that name.
So if you use a remote of \f[C]/path/to/secret/files\f[] then rclone
will encrypt stuff to that directory.
If you use a remote of \f[C]name\f[] then rclone will put files in a
directory called \f[C]name\f[] in the current directory.
.PP
If you specify the remote as \f[C]remote:path/to/dir\f[] then rclone
will store encrypted files in \f[C]path/to/dir\f[] on the remote.
If you are using file name encryption, then when you save files to
\f[C]secret:subdir/subfile\f[] this will store them in the unencrypted
path \f[C]path/to/dir\f[] but the \f[C]subdir/subpath\f[] bit will be
encrypted.
.PP
Note that unless you want encrypted bucket names (which are difficult to
manage because you won\[aq]t know what directory they represent in web
interfaces etc), you should probably specify a bucket, eg
\f[C]remote:secretbucket\f[] when using bucket based remotes such as S3,
Swift, Hubic, B2, GCS.
.SS Example
.PP
To test I made a little directory of files using "standard" file name
encryption.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
plaintext/
├──\ file0.txt
├──\ file1.txt
└──\ subdir
\ \ \ \ ├──\ file2.txt
\ \ \ \ ├──\ file3.txt
\ \ \ \ └──\ subsubdir
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ └──\ file4.txt
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Copy these to the remote and list them back
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$\ rclone\ \-q\ copy\ plaintext\ secret:
$\ rclone\ \-q\ ls\ secret:
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 7\ file1.txt
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 6\ file0.txt
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 8\ subdir/file2.txt
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 10\ subdir/subsubdir/file4.txt
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 9\ subdir/file3.txt
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Now see what that looked like when encrypted
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$\ rclone\ \-q\ ls\ remote:path
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 55\ hagjclgavj2mbiqm6u6cnjjqcg
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 54\ v05749mltvv1tf4onltun46gls
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 57\ 86vhrsv86mpbtd3a0akjuqslj8/dlj7fkq4kdq72emafg7a7s41uo
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 58\ 86vhrsv86mpbtd3a0akjuqslj8/7uu829995du6o42n32otfhjqp4/b9pausrfansjth5ob3jkdqd4lc
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 56\ 86vhrsv86mpbtd3a0akjuqslj8/8njh1sk437gttmep3p70g81aps
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Note that this retains the directory structure which means you can do
this
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$\ rclone\ \-q\ ls\ secret:subdir
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 8\ file2.txt
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 9\ file3.txt
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 10\ subsubdir/file4.txt
\f[]
.fi
.PP
If don\[aq]t use file name encryption then the remote will look like
this \- note the \f[C]\&.bin\f[] extensions added to prevent the cloud
provider attempting to interpret the data.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$\ rclone\ \-q\ ls\ remote:path
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 54\ file0.txt.bin
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 57\ subdir/file3.txt.bin
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 56\ subdir/file2.txt.bin
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 58\ subdir/subsubdir/file4.txt.bin
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 55\ file1.txt.bin
\f[]
.fi
.SS File name encryption modes
.PP
Here are some of the features of the file name encryption modes
.PP
Off
.IP \[bu] 2
doesn\[aq]t hide file names or directory structure
.IP \[bu] 2
allows for longer file names (~246 characters)
.IP \[bu] 2
can use sub paths and copy single files
.PP
Standard
.IP \[bu] 2
file names encrypted
.IP \[bu] 2
file names can\[aq]t be as long (~143 characters)
.IP \[bu] 2
can use sub paths and copy single files
.IP \[bu] 2
directory structure visible
.IP \[bu] 2
identical files names will have identical uploaded names
.IP \[bu] 2
can use shortcuts to shorten the directory recursion
.PP
Obfuscation
.PP
This is a simple "rotate" of the filename, with each file having a rot
distance based on the filename.
We store the distance at the beginning of the filename.
So a file called "hello" may become "53.jgnnq"
.PP
This is not a strong encryption of filenames, but it may stop automated
scanning tools from picking up on filename patterns.
As such it\[aq]s an intermediate between "off" and "standard".
The advantage is that it allows for longer path segment names.
.PP
There is a possibility with some unicode based filenames that the
obfuscation is weak and may map lower case characters to upper case
equivalents.
You can not rely on this for strong protection.
.IP \[bu] 2
file names very lightly obfuscated
.IP \[bu] 2
file names can be longer than standard encryption
.IP \[bu] 2
can use sub paths and copy single files
.IP \[bu] 2
directory structure visible
.IP \[bu] 2
identical files names will have identical uploaded names
.PP
Cloud storage systems have various limits on file name length and total
path length which you are more likely to hit using "Standard" file name
encryption.
If you keep your file names to below 156 characters in length then you
should be OK on all providers.
.PP
There may be an even more secure file name encryption mode in the future
which will address the long file name problem.
.SS Directory name encryption
.PP
Crypt offers the option of encrypting dir names or leaving them intact.
There are two options:
.PP
True
.PP
Encrypts the whole file path including directory names Example:
\f[C]1/12/123.txt\f[] is encrypted to
\f[C]p0e52nreeaj0a5ea7s64m4j72s/l42g6771hnv3an9cgc8cr2n1ng/qgm4avr35m5loi1th53ato71v0\f[]
.PP
False
.PP
Only encrypts file names, skips directory names Example:
\f[C]1/12/123.txt\f[] is encrypted to
\f[C]1/12/qgm4avr35m5loi1th53ato71v0\f[]
.SS Modified time and hashes
.PP
Crypt stores modification times using the underlying remote so support
depends on that.
.PP
Hashes are not stored for crypt.
However the data integrity is protected by an extremely strong crypto
authenticator.
.PP
Note that you should use the \f[C]rclone\ cryptcheck\f[] command to
check the integrity of a crypted remote instead of
\f[C]rclone\ check\f[] which can\[aq]t check the checksums properly.
.SS Specific options
.PP
Here are the command line options specific to this cloud storage system.
.SS \-\-crypt\-show\-mapping
.PP
If this flag is set then for each file that the remote is asked to list,
it will log (at level INFO) a line stating the decrypted file name and
the encrypted file name.
.PP
This is so you can work out which encrypted names are which decrypted
names just in case you need to do something with the encrypted file
names, or for debugging purposes.
.SS Backing up a crypted remote
.PP
If you wish to backup a crypted remote, it it recommended that you use
\f[C]rclone\ sync\f[] on the encrypted files, and make sure the
passwords are the same in the new encrypted remote.
.PP
This will have the following advantages
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]rclone\ sync\f[] will check the checksums while copying
.IP \[bu] 2
you can use \f[C]rclone\ check\f[] between the encrypted remotes
.IP \[bu] 2
you don\[aq]t decrypt and encrypt unnecessarily
.PP
For example, let\[aq]s say you have your original remote at
\f[C]remote:\f[] with the encrypted version at \f[C]eremote:\f[] with
path \f[C]remote:crypt\f[].
You would then set up the new remote \f[C]remote2:\f[] and then the
encrypted version \f[C]eremote2:\f[] with path \f[C]remote2:crypt\f[]
using the same passwords as \f[C]eremote:\f[].
.PP
To sync the two remotes you would do
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ sync\ remote:crypt\ remote2:crypt
\f[]
.fi
.PP
And to check the integrity you would do
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ check\ remote:crypt\ remote2:crypt
\f[]
.fi
.SS File formats
.SS File encryption
.PP
Files are encrypted 1:1 source file to destination object.
The file has a header and is divided into chunks.
.SS Header
.IP \[bu] 2
8 bytes magic string \f[C]RCLONE\\x00\\x00\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
24 bytes Nonce (IV)
.PP
The initial nonce is generated from the operating systems crypto strong
random number generator.
The nonce is incremented for each chunk read making sure each nonce is
unique for each block written.
The chance of a nonce being re\-used is minuscule.
If you wrote an exabyte of data (10¹⁸ bytes) you would have a
probability of approximately 2×10⁻³² of re\-using a nonce.
.SS Chunk
.PP
Each chunk will contain 64kB of data, except for the last one which may
have less data.
The data chunk is in standard NACL secretbox format.
Secretbox uses XSalsa20 and Poly1305 to encrypt and authenticate
messages.
.PP
Each chunk contains:
.IP \[bu] 2
16 Bytes of Poly1305 authenticator
.IP \[bu] 2
1 \- 65536 bytes XSalsa20 encrypted data
.PP
64k chunk size was chosen as the best performing chunk size (the
authenticator takes too much time below this and the performance drops
off due to cache effects above this).
Note that these chunks are buffered in memory so they can\[aq]t be too
big.
.PP
This uses a 32 byte (256 bit key) key derived from the user password.
.SS Examples
.PP
1 byte file will encrypt to
.IP \[bu] 2
32 bytes header
.IP \[bu] 2
17 bytes data chunk
.PP
49 bytes total
.PP
1MB (1048576 bytes) file will encrypt to
.IP \[bu] 2
32 bytes header
.IP \[bu] 2
16 chunks of 65568 bytes
.PP
1049120 bytes total (a 0.05% overhead).
This is the overhead for big files.
.SS Name encryption
.PP
File names are encrypted segment by segment \- the path is broken up
into \f[C]/\f[] separated strings and these are encrypted individually.
.PP
File segments are padded using using PKCS#7 to a multiple of 16 bytes
before encryption.
.PP
They are then encrypted with EME using AES with 256 bit key.
EME (ECB\-Mix\-ECB) is a wide\-block encryption mode presented in the
2003 paper "A Parallelizable Enciphering Mode" by Halevi and Rogaway.
.PP
This makes for deterministic encryption which is what we want \- the
same filename must encrypt to the same thing otherwise we can\[aq]t find
it on the cloud storage system.
.PP
This means that
.IP \[bu] 2
filenames with the same name will encrypt the same
.IP \[bu] 2
filenames which start the same won\[aq]t have a common prefix
.PP
This uses a 32 byte key (256 bits) and a 16 byte (128 bits) IV both of
which are derived from the user password.
.PP
After encryption they are written out using a modified version of
standard \f[C]base32\f[] encoding as described in RFC4648.
The standard encoding is modified in two ways:
.IP \[bu] 2
it becomes lower case (no\-one likes upper case filenames!)
.IP \[bu] 2
we strip the padding character \f[C]=\f[]
.PP
\f[C]base32\f[] is used rather than the more efficient \f[C]base64\f[]
so rclone can be used on case insensitive remotes (eg Windows, Amazon
Drive).
.SS Key derivation
.PP
Rclone uses \f[C]scrypt\f[] with parameters \f[C]N=16384,\ r=8,\ p=1\f[]
with an optional user supplied salt (password2) to derive the 32+32+16 =
80 bytes of key material required.
If the user doesn\[aq]t supply a salt then rclone uses an internal one.
.PP
\f[C]scrypt\f[] makes it impractical to mount a dictionary attack on
rclone encrypted data.
For full protection against this you should always use a salt.
.SS Dropbox
.PP
Paths are specified as \f[C]remote:path\f[]
.PP
Dropbox paths may be as deep as required, eg
\f[C]remote:directory/subdirectory\f[].
.PP
The initial setup for dropbox involves getting a token from Dropbox
which you need to do in your browser.
\f[C]rclone\ config\f[] walks you through it.
.PP
Here is an example of how to make a remote called \f[C]remote\f[].
First run:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ rclone\ config
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This will guide you through an interactive setup process:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
n)\ New\ remote
d)\ Delete\ remote
q)\ Quit\ config
e/n/d/q>\ n
name>\ remote
Type\ of\ storage\ to\ configure.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Amazon\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "amazon\ cloud\ drive"
\ 2\ /\ Amazon\ S3\ (also\ Dreamhost,\ Ceph,\ Minio)
\ \ \ \\\ "s3"
\ 3\ /\ Backblaze\ B2
\ \ \ \\\ "b2"
\ 4\ /\ Dropbox
\ \ \ \\\ "dropbox"
\ 5\ /\ Encrypt/Decrypt\ a\ remote
\ \ \ \\\ "crypt"
\ 6\ /\ Google\ Cloud\ Storage\ (this\ is\ not\ Google\ Drive)
\ \ \ \\\ "google\ cloud\ storage"
\ 7\ /\ Google\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "drive"
\ 8\ /\ Hubic
\ \ \ \\\ "hubic"
\ 9\ /\ Local\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "local"
10\ /\ Microsoft\ OneDrive
\ \ \ \\\ "onedrive"
11\ /\ Openstack\ Swift\ (Rackspace\ Cloud\ Files,\ Memset\ Memstore,\ OVH)
\ \ \ \\\ "swift"
12\ /\ SSH/SFTP\ Connection
\ \ \ \\\ "sftp"
13\ /\ Yandex\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "yandex"
Storage>\ 4
Dropbox\ App\ Key\ \-\ leave\ blank\ normally.
app_key>
Dropbox\ App\ Secret\ \-\ leave\ blank\ normally.
app_secret>
Remote\ config
Please\ visit:
https://www.dropbox.com/1/oauth2/authorize?client_id=XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX&response_type=code
Enter\ the\ code:\ XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX_XXXXXXXXXX
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
[remote]
app_key\ =
app_secret\ =
token\ =\ XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX_XXXX_XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
y)\ Yes\ this\ is\ OK
e)\ Edit\ this\ remote
d)\ Delete\ this\ remote
y/e/d>\ y
\f[]
.fi
.PP
You can then use it like this,
.PP
List directories in top level of your dropbox
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ lsd\ remote:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
List all the files in your dropbox
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ ls\ remote:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
To copy a local directory to a dropbox directory called backup
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ copy\ /home/source\ remote:backup
\f[]
.fi
.SS Dropbox for business
.PP
Rclone supports Dropbox for business and Team Folders.
.PP
When using Dropbox for business \f[C]remote:\f[] and
\f[C]remote:path/to/file\f[] will refer to your personal folder.
.PP
If you wish to see Team Folders you must use a leading \f[C]/\f[] in the
path, so \f[C]rclone\ lsd\ remote:/\f[] will refer to the root and show
you all Team Folders and your User Folder.
.PP
You can then use team folders like this \f[C]remote:/TeamFolder\f[] and
\f[C]remote:/TeamFolder/path/to/file\f[].
.PP
A leading \f[C]/\f[] for a Dropbox personal account will do nothing, but
it will take an extra HTTP transaction so it should be avoided.
.SS Modified time and Hashes
.PP
Dropbox supports modified times, but the only way to set a modification
time is to re\-upload the file.
.PP
This means that if you uploaded your data with an older version of
rclone which didn\[aq]t support the v2 API and modified times, rclone
will decide to upload all your old data to fix the modification times.
If you don\[aq]t want this to happen use \f[C]\-\-size\-only\f[] or
\f[C]\-\-checksum\f[] flag to stop it.
.PP
Dropbox supports its own hash
type (https://www.dropbox.com/developers/reference/content-hash) which
is checked for all transfers.
.SS Specific options
.PP
Here are the command line options specific to this cloud storage system.
.SS \-\-dropbox\-chunk\-size=SIZE
.PP
Any files larger than this will be uploaded in chunks of this size.
The default is 48MB.
The maximum is 150MB.
.PP
Note that chunks are buffered in memory (one at a time) so rclone can
deal with retries.
Setting this larger will increase the speed slightly (at most 10% for
128MB in tests) at the cost of using more memory.
It can be set smaller if you are tight on memory.
.SS Limitations
.PP
Note that Dropbox is case insensitive so you can\[aq]t have a file
called "Hello.doc" and one called "hello.doc".
.PP
There are some file names such as \f[C]thumbs.db\f[] which Dropbox
can\[aq]t store.
There is a full list of them in the "Ignored Files" section of this
document (https://www.dropbox.com/en/help/145).
Rclone will issue an error message
\f[C]File\ name\ disallowed\ \-\ not\ uploading\f[] if it attempts to
upload one of those file names, but the sync won\[aq]t fail.
.PP
If you have more than 10,000 files in a directory then
\f[C]rclone\ purge\ dropbox:dir\f[] will return the error
\f[C]Failed\ to\ purge:\ There\ are\ too\ many\ files\ involved\ in\ this\ operation\f[].
As a work\-around do an \f[C]rclone\ delete\ dropbox:dir\f[] followed by
an \f[C]rclone\ rmdir\ dropbox:dir\f[].
.SS FTP
.PP
FTP is the File Transfer Protocol.
FTP support is provided using the
github.com/jlaffaye/ftp (https://godoc.org/github.com/jlaffaye/ftp)
package.
.PP
Here is an example of making an FTP configuration.
First run
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ config
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This will guide you through an interactive setup process.
An FTP remote only needs a host together with and a username and a
password.
With anonymous FTP server, you will need to use \f[C]anonymous\f[] as
username and your email address as the password.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
No\ remotes\ found\ \-\ make\ a\ new\ one
n)\ New\ remote
r)\ Rename\ remote
c)\ Copy\ remote
s)\ Set\ configuration\ password
q)\ Quit\ config
n/r/c/s/q>\ n
name>\ remote
Type\ of\ storage\ to\ configure.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Amazon\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "amazon\ cloud\ drive"
\ 2\ /\ Amazon\ S3\ (also\ Dreamhost,\ Ceph,\ Minio)
\ \ \ \\\ "s3"
\ 3\ /\ Backblaze\ B2
\ \ \ \\\ "b2"
\ 4\ /\ Dropbox
\ \ \ \\\ "dropbox"
\ 5\ /\ Encrypt/Decrypt\ a\ remote
\ \ \ \\\ "crypt"
\ 6\ /\ FTP\ Connection\ 
\ \ \ \\\ "ftp"
\ 7\ /\ Google\ Cloud\ Storage\ (this\ is\ not\ Google\ Drive)
\ \ \ \\\ "google\ cloud\ storage"
\ 8\ /\ Google\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "drive"
\ 9\ /\ Hubic
\ \ \ \\\ "hubic"
10\ /\ Local\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "local"
11\ /\ Microsoft\ OneDrive
\ \ \ \\\ "onedrive"
12\ /\ Openstack\ Swift\ (Rackspace\ Cloud\ Files,\ Memset\ Memstore,\ OVH)
\ \ \ \\\ "swift"
13\ /\ SSH/SFTP\ Connection
\ \ \ \\\ "sftp"
14\ /\ Yandex\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "yandex"
Storage>\ ftp
FTP\ host\ to\ connect\ to
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Connect\ to\ ftp.example.com
\ \ \ \\\ "ftp.example.com"
host>\ ftp.example.com
FTP\ username,\ leave\ blank\ for\ current\ username,\ ncw
user>
FTP\ port,\ leave\ blank\ to\ use\ default\ (21)
port>
FTP\ password
y)\ Yes\ type\ in\ my\ own\ password
g)\ Generate\ random\ password
y/g>\ y
Enter\ the\ password:
password:
Confirm\ the\ password:
password:
Remote\ config
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
[remote]
host\ =\ ftp.example.com
user\ =\ 
port\ =
pass\ =\ ***\ ENCRYPTED\ ***
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
y)\ Yes\ this\ is\ OK
e)\ Edit\ this\ remote
d)\ Delete\ this\ remote
y/e/d>\ y
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This remote is called \f[C]remote\f[] and can now be used like this
.PP
See all directories in the home directory
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ lsd\ remote:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Make a new directory
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ mkdir\ remote:path/to/directory
\f[]
.fi
.PP
List the contents of a directory
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ ls\ remote:path/to/directory
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Sync \f[C]/home/local/directory\f[] to the remote directory, deleting
any excess files in the directory.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ sync\ /home/local/directory\ remote:directory
\f[]
.fi
.SS Modified time
.PP
FTP does not support modified times.
Any times you see on the server will be time of upload.
.SS Checksums
.PP
FTP does not support any checksums.
.SS Limitations
.PP
Note that since FTP isn\[aq]t HTTP based the following flags don\[aq]t
work with it: \f[C]\-\-dump\-headers\f[], \f[C]\-\-dump\-bodies\f[],
\f[C]\-\-dump\-auth\f[]
.PP
Note that \f[C]\-\-timeout\f[] isn\[aq]t supported (but
\f[C]\-\-contimeout\f[] is).
.PP
Note that \f[C]\-\-bind\f[] isn\[aq]t supported.
.PP
FTP could support server side move but doesn\[aq]t yet.
.SS Google Cloud Storage
.PP
Paths are specified as \f[C]remote:bucket\f[] (or \f[C]remote:\f[] for
the \f[C]lsd\f[] command.) You may put subdirectories in too, eg
\f[C]remote:bucket/path/to/dir\f[].
.PP
The initial setup for google cloud storage involves getting a token from
Google Cloud Storage which you need to do in your browser.
\f[C]rclone\ config\f[] walks you through it.
.PP
Here is an example of how to make a remote called \f[C]remote\f[].
First run:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ rclone\ config
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This will guide you through an interactive setup process:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
n)\ New\ remote
d)\ Delete\ remote
q)\ Quit\ config
e/n/d/q>\ n
name>\ remote
Type\ of\ storage\ to\ configure.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Amazon\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "amazon\ cloud\ drive"
\ 2\ /\ Amazon\ S3\ (also\ Dreamhost,\ Ceph,\ Minio)
\ \ \ \\\ "s3"
\ 3\ /\ Backblaze\ B2
\ \ \ \\\ "b2"
\ 4\ /\ Dropbox
\ \ \ \\\ "dropbox"
\ 5\ /\ Encrypt/Decrypt\ a\ remote
\ \ \ \\\ "crypt"
\ 6\ /\ Google\ Cloud\ Storage\ (this\ is\ not\ Google\ Drive)
\ \ \ \\\ "google\ cloud\ storage"
\ 7\ /\ Google\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "drive"
\ 8\ /\ Hubic
\ \ \ \\\ "hubic"
\ 9\ /\ Local\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "local"
10\ /\ Microsoft\ OneDrive
\ \ \ \\\ "onedrive"
11\ /\ Openstack\ Swift\ (Rackspace\ Cloud\ Files,\ Memset\ Memstore,\ OVH)
\ \ \ \\\ "swift"
12\ /\ SSH/SFTP\ Connection
\ \ \ \\\ "sftp"
13\ /\ Yandex\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "yandex"
Storage>\ 6
Google\ Application\ Client\ Id\ \-\ leave\ blank\ normally.
client_id>
Google\ Application\ Client\ Secret\ \-\ leave\ blank\ normally.
client_secret>
Project\ number\ optional\ \-\ needed\ only\ for\ list/create/delete\ buckets\ \-\ see\ your\ developer\ console.
project_number>\ 12345678
Service\ Account\ Credentials\ JSON\ file\ path\ \-\ needed\ only\ if\ you\ want\ use\ SA\ instead\ of\ interactive\ login.
service_account_file>
Access\ Control\ List\ for\ new\ objects.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Object\ owner\ gets\ OWNER\ access,\ and\ all\ Authenticated\ Users\ get\ READER\ access.
\ \ \ \\\ "authenticatedRead"
\ 2\ /\ Object\ owner\ gets\ OWNER\ access,\ and\ project\ team\ owners\ get\ OWNER\ access.
\ \ \ \\\ "bucketOwnerFullControl"
\ 3\ /\ Object\ owner\ gets\ OWNER\ access,\ and\ project\ team\ owners\ get\ READER\ access.
\ \ \ \\\ "bucketOwnerRead"
\ 4\ /\ Object\ owner\ gets\ OWNER\ access\ [default\ if\ left\ blank].
\ \ \ \\\ "private"
\ 5\ /\ Object\ owner\ gets\ OWNER\ access,\ and\ project\ team\ members\ get\ access\ according\ to\ their\ roles.
\ \ \ \\\ "projectPrivate"
\ 6\ /\ Object\ owner\ gets\ OWNER\ access,\ and\ all\ Users\ get\ READER\ access.
\ \ \ \\\ "publicRead"
object_acl>\ 4
Access\ Control\ List\ for\ new\ buckets.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Project\ team\ owners\ get\ OWNER\ access,\ and\ all\ Authenticated\ Users\ get\ READER\ access.
\ \ \ \\\ "authenticatedRead"
\ 2\ /\ Project\ team\ owners\ get\ OWNER\ access\ [default\ if\ left\ blank].
\ \ \ \\\ "private"
\ 3\ /\ Project\ team\ members\ get\ access\ according\ to\ their\ roles.
\ \ \ \\\ "projectPrivate"
\ 4\ /\ Project\ team\ owners\ get\ OWNER\ access,\ and\ all\ Users\ get\ READER\ access.
\ \ \ \\\ "publicRead"
\ 5\ /\ Project\ team\ owners\ get\ OWNER\ access,\ and\ all\ Users\ get\ WRITER\ access.
\ \ \ \\\ "publicReadWrite"
bucket_acl>\ 2
Location\ for\ the\ newly\ created\ buckets.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Empty\ for\ default\ location\ (US).
\ \ \ \\\ ""
\ 2\ /\ Multi\-regional\ location\ for\ Asia.
\ \ \ \\\ "asia"
\ 3\ /\ Multi\-regional\ location\ for\ Europe.
\ \ \ \\\ "eu"
\ 4\ /\ Multi\-regional\ location\ for\ United\ States.
\ \ \ \\\ "us"
\ 5\ /\ Taiwan.
\ \ \ \\\ "asia\-east1"
\ 6\ /\ Tokyo.
\ \ \ \\\ "asia\-northeast1"
\ 7\ /\ Singapore.
\ \ \ \\\ "asia\-southeast1"
\ 8\ /\ Sydney.
\ \ \ \\\ "australia\-southeast1"
\ 9\ /\ Belgium.
\ \ \ \\\ "europe\-west1"
10\ /\ London.
\ \ \ \\\ "europe\-west2"
11\ /\ Iowa.
\ \ \ \\\ "us\-central1"
12\ /\ South\ Carolina.
\ \ \ \\\ "us\-east1"
13\ /\ Northern\ Virginia.
\ \ \ \\\ "us\-east4"
14\ /\ Oregon.
\ \ \ \\\ "us\-west1"
location>\ 12
The\ storage\ class\ to\ use\ when\ storing\ objects\ in\ Google\ Cloud\ Storage.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Default
\ \ \ \\\ ""
\ 2\ /\ Multi\-regional\ storage\ class
\ \ \ \\\ "MULTI_REGIONAL"
\ 3\ /\ Regional\ storage\ class
\ \ \ \\\ "REGIONAL"
\ 4\ /\ Nearline\ storage\ class
\ \ \ \\\ "NEARLINE"
\ 5\ /\ Coldline\ storage\ class
\ \ \ \\\ "COLDLINE"
\ 6\ /\ Durable\ reduced\ availability\ storage\ class
\ \ \ \\\ "DURABLE_REDUCED_AVAILABILITY"
storage_class>\ 5
Remote\ config
Use\ auto\ config?
\ *\ Say\ Y\ if\ not\ sure
\ *\ Say\ N\ if\ you\ are\ working\ on\ a\ remote\ or\ headless\ machine\ or\ Y\ didn\[aq]t\ work
y)\ Yes
n)\ No
y/n>\ y
If\ your\ browser\ doesn\[aq]t\ open\ automatically\ go\ to\ the\ following\ link:\ http://127.0.0.1:53682/auth
Log\ in\ and\ authorize\ rclone\ for\ access
Waiting\ for\ code...
Got\ code
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
[remote]
type\ =\ google\ cloud\ storage
client_id\ =
client_secret\ =
token\ =\ {"AccessToken":"xxxx.xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx\-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx","RefreshToken":"x/xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx_xxxxxxxxx","Expiry":"2014\-07\-17T20:49:14.929208288+01:00","Extra":null}
project_number\ =\ 12345678
object_acl\ =\ private
bucket_acl\ =\ private
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
y)\ Yes\ this\ is\ OK
e)\ Edit\ this\ remote
d)\ Delete\ this\ remote
y/e/d>\ y
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Note that rclone runs a webserver on your local machine to collect the
token as returned from Google if you use auto config mode.
This only runs from the moment it opens your browser to the moment you
get back the verification code.
This is on \f[C]http://127.0.0.1:53682/\f[] and this it may require you
to unblock it temporarily if you are running a host firewall, or use
manual mode.
.PP
This remote is called \f[C]remote\f[] and can now be used like this
.PP
See all the buckets in your project
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ lsd\ remote:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Make a new bucket
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ mkdir\ remote:bucket
\f[]
.fi
.PP
List the contents of a bucket
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ ls\ remote:bucket
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Sync \f[C]/home/local/directory\f[] to the remote bucket, deleting any
excess files in the bucket.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ sync\ /home/local/directory\ remote:bucket
\f[]
.fi
.SS Service Account support
.PP
You can set up rclone with Google Cloud Storage in an unattended mode,
i.e.
not tied to a specific end\-user Google account.
This is useful when you want to synchronise files onto machines that
don\[aq]t have actively logged\-in users, for example build machines.
.PP
To get credentials for Google Cloud Platform IAM Service
Accounts (https://cloud.google.com/iam/docs/service-accounts), please
head to the Service
Account (https://console.cloud.google.com/permissions/serviceaccounts)
section of the Google Developer Console.
Service Accounts behave just like normal \f[C]User\f[] permissions in
Google Cloud Storage
ACLs (https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/access-control), so you can
limit their access (e.g.
make them read only).
After creating an account, a JSON file containing the Service
Account\[aq]s credentials will be downloaded onto your machines.
These credentials are what rclone will use for authentication.
.PP
To use a Service Account instead of OAuth2 token flow, enter the path to
your Service Account credentials at the \f[C]service_account_file\f[]
prompt and rclone won\[aq]t use the browser based authentication flow.
If you\[aq]d rather stuff the contents of the credentials file into the
rclone config file, you can set \f[C]service_account_credentials\f[]
with the actual contents of the file instead, or set the equivalent
environment variable.
.SS \-\-fast\-list
.PP
This remote supports \f[C]\-\-fast\-list\f[] which allows you to use
fewer transactions in exchange for more memory.
See the rclone docs (/docs/#fast-list) for more details.
.SS Modified time
.PP
Google google cloud storage stores md5sums natively and rclone stores
modification times as metadata on the object, under the "mtime" key in
RFC3339 format accurate to 1ns.
.SS Google Drive
.PP
Paths are specified as \f[C]drive:path\f[]
.PP
Drive paths may be as deep as required, eg
\f[C]drive:directory/subdirectory\f[].
.PP
The initial setup for drive involves getting a token from Google drive
which you need to do in your browser.
\f[C]rclone\ config\f[] walks you through it.
.PP
Here is an example of how to make a remote called \f[C]remote\f[].
First run:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ rclone\ config
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This will guide you through an interactive setup process:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
No\ remotes\ found\ \-\ make\ a\ new\ one
n)\ New\ remote
r)\ Rename\ remote
c)\ Copy\ remote
s)\ Set\ configuration\ password
q)\ Quit\ config
n/r/c/s/q>\ n
name>\ remote
Type\ of\ storage\ to\ configure.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
[snip]
10\ /\ Google\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "drive"
[snip]
Storage>\ drive
Google\ Application\ Client\ Id\ \-\ leave\ blank\ normally.
client_id>
Google\ Application\ Client\ Secret\ \-\ leave\ blank\ normally.
client_secret>
Scope\ that\ rclone\ should\ use\ when\ requesting\ access\ from\ drive.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Full\ access\ all\ files,\ excluding\ Application\ Data\ Folder.
\ \ \ \\\ "drive"
\ 2\ /\ Read\-only\ access\ to\ file\ metadata\ and\ file\ contents.
\ \ \ \\\ "drive.readonly"
\ \ \ /\ Access\ to\ files\ created\ by\ rclone\ only.
\ 3\ |\ These\ are\ visible\ in\ the\ drive\ website.
\ \ \ |\ File\ authorization\ is\ revoked\ when\ the\ user\ deauthorizes\ the\ app.
\ \ \ \\\ "drive.file"
\ \ \ /\ Allows\ read\ and\ write\ access\ to\ the\ Application\ Data\ folder.
\ 4\ |\ This\ is\ not\ visible\ in\ the\ drive\ website.
\ \ \ \\\ "drive.appfolder"
\ \ \ /\ Allows\ read\-only\ access\ to\ file\ metadata\ but
\ 5\ |\ does\ not\ allow\ any\ access\ to\ read\ or\ download\ file\ content.
\ \ \ \\\ "drive.metadata.readonly"
scope>\ 1
ID\ of\ the\ root\ folder\ \-\ leave\ blank\ normally.\ \ Fill\ in\ to\ access\ "Computers"\ folders.\ (see\ docs).
root_folder_id>\ 
Service\ Account\ Credentials\ JSON\ file\ path\ \-\ needed\ only\ if\ you\ want\ use\ SA\ instead\ of\ interactive\ login.
service_account_file>
Remote\ config
Use\ auto\ config?
\ *\ Say\ Y\ if\ not\ sure
\ *\ Say\ N\ if\ you\ are\ working\ on\ a\ remote\ or\ headless\ machine\ or\ Y\ didn\[aq]t\ work
y)\ Yes
n)\ No
y/n>\ y
If\ your\ browser\ doesn\[aq]t\ open\ automatically\ go\ to\ the\ following\ link:\ http://127.0.0.1:53682/auth
Log\ in\ and\ authorize\ rclone\ for\ access
Waiting\ for\ code...
Got\ code
Configure\ this\ as\ a\ team\ drive?
y)\ Yes
n)\ No
y/n>\ n
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
[remote]
client_id\ =\ 
client_secret\ =\ 
scope\ =\ drive
root_folder_id\ =\ 
service_account_file\ =
token\ =\ {"access_token":"XXX","token_type":"Bearer","refresh_token":"XXX","expiry":"2014\-03\-16T13:57:58.955387075Z"}
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
y)\ Yes\ this\ is\ OK
e)\ Edit\ this\ remote
d)\ Delete\ this\ remote
y/e/d>\ y
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Note that rclone runs a webserver on your local machine to collect the
token as returned from Google if you use auto config mode.
This only runs from the moment it opens your browser to the moment you
get back the verification code.
This is on \f[C]http://127.0.0.1:53682/\f[] and this it may require you
to unblock it temporarily if you are running a host firewall, or use
manual mode.
.PP
You can then use it like this,
.PP
List directories in top level of your drive
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ lsd\ remote:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
List all the files in your drive
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ ls\ remote:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
To copy a local directory to a drive directory called backup
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ copy\ /home/source\ remote:backup
\f[]
.fi
.SS Scopes
.PP
Rclone allows you to select which scope you would like for rclone to
use.
This changes what type of token is granted to rclone.
The scopes are defined
here. (https://developers.google.com/drive/v3/web/about-auth).
.PP
The scope are
.SS drive
.PP
This is the default scope and allows full access to all files, except
for the Application Data Folder (see below).
.PP
Choose this one if you aren\[aq]t sure.
.SS drive.readonly
.PP
This allows read only access to all files.
Files may be listed and downloaded but not uploaded, renamed or deleted.
.SS drive.file
.PP
With this scope rclone can read/view/modify only those files and folders
it creates.
.PP
So if you uploaded files to drive via the web interface (or any other
means) they will not be visible to rclone.
.PP
This can be useful if you are using rclone to backup data and you want
to be sure confidential data on your drive is not visible to rclone.
.PP
Files created with this scope are visible in the web interface.
.SS drive.appfolder
.PP
This gives rclone its own private area to store files.
Rclone will not be able to see any other files on your drive and you
won\[aq]t be able to see rclone\[aq]s files from the web interface
either.
.SS drive.metadata.readonly
.PP
This allows read only access to file names only.
It does not allow rclone to download or upload data, or rename or delete
files or directories.
.SS Root folder ID
.PP
You can set the \f[C]root_folder_id\f[] for rclone.
This is the directory (identified by its \f[C]Folder\ ID\f[]) that
rclone considers to be a the root of your drive.
.PP
Normally you will leave this blank and rclone will determine the correct
root to use itself.
.PP
However you can set this to restrict rclone to a specific folder
hierarchy or to access data within the "Computers" tab on the drive web
interface (where files from Google\[aq]s Backup and Sync desktop program
go).
.PP
In order to do this you will have to find the \f[C]Folder\ ID\f[] of the
directory you wish rclone to display.
This will be the last segment of the URL when you open the relevant
folder in the drive web interface.
.PP
So if the folder you want rclone to use has a URL which looks like
\f[C]https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1XyfxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxKHCh\f[]
in the browser, then you use \f[C]1XyfxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxKHCh\f[]
as the \f[C]root_folder_id\f[] in the config.
.PP
\f[B]NB\f[] folders under the "Computers" tab seem to be read only
(drive gives a 500 error) when using rclone.
.PP
There doesn\[aq]t appear to be an API to discover the folder IDs of the
"Computers" tab \- please contact us if you know otherwise!
.PP
Note also that rclone can\[aq]t access any data under the "Backups" tab
on the google drive web interface yet.
.SS Service Account support
.PP
You can set up rclone with Google Drive in an unattended mode, i.e.
not tied to a specific end\-user Google account.
This is useful when you want to synchronise files onto machines that
don\[aq]t have actively logged\-in users, for example build machines.
.PP
To use a Service Account instead of OAuth2 token flow, enter the path to
your Service Account credentials at the \f[C]service_account_file\f[]
prompt during \f[C]rclone\ config\f[] and rclone won\[aq]t use the
browser based authentication flow.
If you\[aq]d rather stuff the contents of the credentials file into the
rclone config file, you can set \f[C]service_account_credentials\f[]
with the actual contents of the file instead, or set the equivalent
environment variable.
.SS Use case \- Google Apps/G\-suite account and individual Drive
.PP
Let\[aq]s say that you are the administrator of a Google Apps (old) or
G\-suite account.
The goal is to store data on an individual\[aq]s Drive account, who IS a
member of the domain.
We\[aq]ll call the domain \f[B]example.com\f[], and the user
\f[B]foo\@example.com\f[].
.PP
There\[aq]s a few steps we need to go through to accomplish this:
.SS 1. Create a service account for example.com
.IP \[bu] 2
To create a service account and obtain its credentials, go to the Google
Developer Console (https://console.developers.google.com).
.IP \[bu] 2
You must have a project \- create one if you don\[aq]t.
.IP \[bu] 2
Then go to "IAM & admin" \-> "Service Accounts".
.IP \[bu] 2
Use the "Create Credentials" button.
Fill in "Service account name" with something that identifies your
client.
"Role" can be empty.
.IP \[bu] 2
Tick "Furnish a new private key" \- select "Key type JSON".
.IP \[bu] 2
Tick "Enable G Suite Domain\-wide Delegation".
This option makes "impersonation" possible, as documented here:
Delegating domain\-wide authority to the service
account (https://developers.google.com/identity/protocols/OAuth2ServiceAccount#delegatingauthority)
.IP \[bu] 2
These credentials are what rclone will use for authentication.
If you ever need to remove access, press the "Delete service account
key" button.
.SS 2. Allowing API access to example.com Google Drive
.IP \[bu] 2
Go to example.com\[aq]s admin console
.IP \[bu] 2
Go into "Security" (or use the search bar)
.IP \[bu] 2
Select "Show more" and then "Advanced settings"
.IP \[bu] 2
Select "Manage API client access" in the "Authentication" section
.IP \[bu] 2
In the "Client Name" field enter the service account\[aq]s "Client ID"
\- this can be found in the Developer Console under "IAM & Admin" \->
"Service Accounts", then "View Client ID" for the newly created service
account.
It is a ~21 character numerical string.
.IP \[bu] 2
In the next field, "One or More API Scopes", enter
\f[C]https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive\f[] to grant access to Google
Drive specifically.
.SS 3. Configure rclone, assuming a new install
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ config

n/s/q>\ n\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ #\ New
name>gdrive\ \ \ \ \ \ #\ Gdrive\ is\ an\ example\ name
Storage>\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ #\ Select\ the\ number\ shown\ for\ Google\ Drive
client_id>\ \ \ \ \ \ \ #\ Can\ be\ left\ blank
client_secret>\ \ \ #\ Can\ be\ left\ blank
scope>\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ #\ Select\ your\ scope,\ 1\ for\ example
root_folder_id>\ \ #\ Can\ be\ left\ blank
service_account_file>\ /home/foo/myJSONfile.json\ #\ This\ is\ where\ the\ JSON\ file\ goes!
y/n>\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ #\ Auto\ config,\ y
\f[]
.fi
.SS 4. Verify that it\[aq]s working
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]rclone\ \-v\ \-\-drive\-impersonate\ foo\@example.com\ lsf\ gdrive:backup\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
The arguments do:
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-v\f[] \- verbose logging
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-drive\-impersonate\ foo\@example.com\f[] \- this is what does
the magic, pretending to be user foo.
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]lsf\f[] \- list files in a parsing friendly way
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]gdrive:backup\f[] \- use the remote called gdrive, work in the
folder named backup.
.RE
.SS Team drives
.PP
If you want to configure the remote to point to a Google Team Drive then
answer \f[C]y\f[] to the question
\f[C]Configure\ this\ as\ a\ team\ drive?\f[].
.PP
This will fetch the list of Team Drives from google and allow you to
configure which one you want to use.
You can also type in a team drive ID if you prefer.
.PP
For example:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
Configure\ this\ as\ a\ team\ drive?
y)\ Yes
n)\ No
y/n>\ y
Fetching\ team\ drive\ list...
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Rclone\ Test
\ \ \ \\\ "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"
\ 2\ /\ Rclone\ Test\ 2
\ \ \ \\\ "yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy"
\ 3\ /\ Rclone\ Test\ 3
\ \ \ \\\ "zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz"
Enter\ a\ Team\ Drive\ ID>\ 1
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
[remote]
client_id\ =
client_secret\ =
token\ =\ {"AccessToken":"xxxx.x.xxxxx_xxxxxxxxxxx_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx","RefreshToken":"1/xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx","Expiry":"2014\-03\-16T13:57:58.955387075Z","Extra":null}
team_drive\ =\ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
y)\ Yes\ this\ is\ OK
e)\ Edit\ this\ remote
d)\ Delete\ this\ remote
y/e/d>\ y
\f[]
.fi
.SS Modified time
.PP
Google drive stores modification times accurate to 1 ms.
.SS Revisions
.PP
Google drive stores revisions of files.
When you upload a change to an existing file to google drive using
rclone it will create a new revision of that file.
.PP
Revisions follow the standard google policy which at time of writing was
.IP \[bu] 2
They are deleted after 30 days or 100 revisions (whatever comes first).
.IP \[bu] 2
They do not count towards a user storage quota.
.SS Deleting files
.PP
By default rclone will send all files to the trash when deleting files.
If deleting them permanently is required then use the
\f[C]\-\-drive\-use\-trash=false\f[] flag, or set the equivalent
environment variable.
.SS Emptying trash
.PP
If you wish to empty your trash you can use the
\f[C]rclone\ cleanup\ remote:\f[] command which will permanently delete
all your trashed files.
This command does not take any path arguments.
.SS Quota information
.PP
To view your current quota you can use the
\f[C]rclone\ about\ remote:\f[] command which will display your usage
limit (quota), the usage in Google Drive, the size of all files in the
Trash and the space used by other Google services such as Gmail.
This command does not take any path arguments.
.SS Specific options
.PP
Here are the command line options specific to this cloud storage system.
.SS \-\-drive\-acknowledge\-abuse
.PP
If downloading a file returns the error
\f[C]This\ file\ has\ been\ identified\ as\ malware\ or\ spam\ and\ cannot\ be\ downloaded\f[]
with the error code \f[C]cannotDownloadAbusiveFile\f[] then supply this
flag to rclone to indicate you acknowledge the risks of downloading the
file and rclone will download it anyway.
.SS \-\-drive\-auth\-owner\-only
.PP
Only consider files owned by the authenticated user.
.SS \-\-drive\-chunk\-size=SIZE
.PP
Upload chunk size.
Must a power of 2 >= 256k.
Default value is 8 MB.
.PP
Making this larger will improve performance, but note that each chunk is
buffered in memory one per transfer.
.PP
Reducing this will reduce memory usage but decrease performance.
.SS \-\-drive\-formats
.PP
Google documents can only be exported from Google drive.
When rclone downloads a Google doc it chooses a format to download
depending upon this setting.
.PP
By default the formats are \f[C]docx,xlsx,pptx,svg\f[] which are a
sensible default for an editable document.
.PP
When choosing a format, rclone runs down the list provided in order and
chooses the first file format the doc can be exported as from the list.
If the file can\[aq]t be exported to a format on the formats list, then
rclone will choose a format from the default list.
.PP
If you prefer an archive copy then you might use
\f[C]\-\-drive\-formats\ pdf\f[], or if you prefer
openoffice/libreoffice formats you might use
\f[C]\-\-drive\-formats\ ods,odt,odp\f[].
.PP
Note that rclone adds the extension to the google doc, so if it is
calles \f[C]My\ Spreadsheet\f[] on google docs, it will be exported as
\f[C]My\ Spreadsheet.xlsx\f[] or \f[C]My\ Spreadsheet.pdf\f[] etc.
.PP
Here are the possible extensions with their corresponding mime types.
.PP
.TS
tab(@);
lw(9.7n) lw(11.7n) lw(12.6n).
T{
Extension
T}@T{
Mime Type
T}@T{
Description
T}
_
T{
csv
T}@T{
text/csv
T}@T{
Standard CSV format for Spreadsheets
T}
T{
doc
T}@T{
application/msword
T}@T{
Micosoft Office Document
T}
T{
docx
T}@T{
application/vnd.openxmlformats\-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document
T}@T{
Microsoft Office Document
T}
T{
epub
T}@T{
application/epub+zip
T}@T{
E\-book format
T}
T{
html
T}@T{
text/html
T}@T{
An HTML Document
T}
T{
jpg
T}@T{
image/jpeg
T}@T{
A JPEG Image File
T}
T{
odp
T}@T{
application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.presentation
T}@T{
Openoffice Presentation
T}
T{
ods
T}@T{
application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet
T}@T{
Openoffice Spreadsheet
T}
T{
ods
T}@T{
application/x\-vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet
T}@T{
Openoffice Spreadsheet
T}
T{
odt
T}@T{
application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text
T}@T{
Openoffice Document
T}
T{
pdf
T}@T{
application/pdf
T}@T{
Adobe PDF Format
T}
T{
png
T}@T{
image/png
T}@T{
PNG Image Format
T}
T{
pptx
T}@T{
application/vnd.openxmlformats\-officedocument.presentationml.presentation
T}@T{
Microsoft Office Powerpoint
T}
T{
rtf
T}@T{
application/rtf
T}@T{
Rich Text Format
T}
T{
svg
T}@T{
image/svg+xml
T}@T{
Scalable Vector Graphics Format
T}
T{
tsv
T}@T{
text/tab\-separated\-values
T}@T{
Standard TSV format for spreadsheets
T}
T{
txt
T}@T{
text/plain
T}@T{
Plain Text
T}
T{
xls
T}@T{
application/vnd.ms\-excel
T}@T{
Microsoft Office Spreadsheet
T}
T{
xlsx
T}@T{
application/vnd.openxmlformats\-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet
T}@T{
Microsoft Office Spreadsheet
T}
T{
zip
T}@T{
application/zip
T}@T{
A ZIP file of HTML, Images CSS
T}
.TE
.SS \-\-drive\-alternate\-export
.PP
If this option is set this instructs rclone to use an alternate set of
export URLs for drive documents.
Users have reported that the official export URLs can\[aq]t export large
documents, whereas these unofficial ones can.
.PP
See rclone issue #2243 (https://github.com/ncw/rclone/issues/2243) for
background, this google drive
issue (https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/36761333) and this helpful
post (https://www.labnol.org/internet/direct-links-for-google-drive/28356/).
.SS \-\-drive\-impersonate user
.PP
When using a service account, this instructs rclone to impersonate the
user passed in.
.SS \-\-drive\-list\-chunk int
.PP
Size of listing chunk 100\-1000.
0 to disable.
(default 1000)
.SS \-\-drive\-shared\-with\-me
.PP
Instructs rclone to operate on your "Shared with me" folder (where
Google Drive lets you access the files and folders others have shared
with you).
.PP
This works both with the "list" (lsd, lsl, etc) and the "copy" commands
(copy, sync, etc), and with all other commands too.
.SS \-\-drive\-skip\-gdocs
.PP
Skip google documents in all listings.
If given, gdocs practically become invisible to rclone.
.SS \-\-drive\-trashed\-only
.PP
Only show files that are in the trash.
This will show trashed files in their original directory structure.
.SS \-\-drive\-upload\-cutoff=SIZE
.PP
File size cutoff for switching to chunked upload.
Default is 8 MB.
.SS \-\-drive\-use\-trash
.PP
Controls whether files are sent to the trash or deleted permanently.
Defaults to true, namely sending files to the trash.
Use \f[C]\-\-drive\-use\-trash=false\f[] to delete files permanently
instead.
.SS \-\-drive\-use\-created\-date
.PP
Use the file creation date in place of the modification date.
Defaults to false.
.PP
Useful when downloading data and you want the creation date used in
place of the last modified date.
.PP
\f[B]WARNING\f[]: This flag may have some unexpected consequences.
.PP
When uploading to your drive all files will be overwritten unless they
haven\[aq]t been modified since their creation.
And the inverse will occur while downloading.
This side effect can be avoided by using the \f[C]\-\-checksum\f[] flag.
.PP
This feature was implemented to retain photos capture date as recorded
by google photos.
You will first need to check the "Create a Google Photos folder" option
in your google drive settings.
You can then copy or move the photos locally and use the date the image
was taken (created) set as the modification date.
.SS Limitations
.PP
Drive has quite a lot of rate limiting.
This causes rclone to be limited to transferring about 2 files per
second only.
Individual files may be transferred much faster at 100s of MBytes/s but
lots of small files can take a long time.
.PP
Server side copies are also subject to a separate rate limit.
If you see User rate limit exceeded errors, wait at least 24 hours and
retry.
You can disable server side copies with \f[C]\-\-disable\ copy\f[] to
download and upload the files if you prefer.
.SS Limitations of Google Docs
.PP
Google docs will appear as size \-1 in \f[C]rclone\ ls\f[] and as size 0
in anything which uses the VFS layer, eg \f[C]rclone\ mount\f[],
\f[C]rclone\ serve\f[].
.PP
This is because rclone can\[aq]t find out the size of the Google docs
without downloading them.
.PP
Google docs will transfer correctly with \f[C]rclone\ sync\f[],
\f[C]rclone\ copy\f[] etc as rclone knows to ignore the size when doing
the transfer.
.PP
However an unfortunate consequence of this is that you can\[aq]t
download Google docs using \f[C]rclone\ mount\f[] \- you will get a 0
sized file.
If you try again the doc may gain its correct size and be downloadable.
.SS Duplicated files
.PP
Sometimes, for no reason I\[aq]ve been able to track down, drive will
duplicate a file that rclone uploads.
Drive unlike all the other remotes can have duplicated files.
.PP
Duplicated files cause problems with the syncing and you will see
messages in the log about duplicates.
.PP
Use \f[C]rclone\ dedupe\f[] to fix duplicated files.
.PP
Note that this isn\[aq]t just a problem with rclone, even Google Photos
on Android duplicates files on drive sometimes.
.SS Rclone appears to be re\-copying files it shouldn\[aq]t
.PP
The most likely cause of this is the duplicated file issue above \- run
\f[C]rclone\ dedupe\f[] and check your logs for duplicate object or
directory messages.
.SS Making your own client_id
.PP
When you use rclone with Google drive in its default configuration you
are using rclone\[aq]s client_id.
This is shared between all the rclone users.
There is a global rate limit on the number of queries per second that
each client_id can do set by Google.
rclone already has a high quota and I will continue to make sure it is
high enough by contacting Google.
.PP
However you might find you get better performance making your own
client_id if you are a heavy user.
Or you may not depending on exactly how Google have been raising
rclone\[aq]s rate limit.
.PP
Here is how to create your own Google Drive client ID for rclone:
.IP "1." 3
Log into the Google API Console (https://console.developers.google.com/)
with your Google account.
It doesn\[aq]t matter what Google account you use.
(It need not be the same account as the Google Drive you want to access)
.IP "2." 3
Select a project or create a new project.
.IP "3." 3
Under "ENABLE APIS AND SERVICES" search for "Drive", and enable the then
"Google Drive API".
.IP "4." 3
Click "Credentials" in the left\-side panel (not "Create credentials",
which opens the wizard), then "Create credentials", then "OAuth client
ID".
It will prompt you to set the OAuth consent screen product name, if you
haven\[aq]t set one already.
.IP "5." 3
Choose an application type of "other", and click "Create".
(the default name is fine)
.IP "6." 3
It will show you a client ID and client secret.
Use these values in rclone config to add a new remote or edit an
existing remote.
.PP
(Thanks to \@balazer on github for these instructions.)
.SS HTTP
.PP
The HTTP remote is a read only remote for reading files of a webserver.
The webserver should provide file listings which rclone will read and
turn into a remote.
This has been tested with common webservers such as Apache/Nginx/Caddy
and will likely work with file listings from most web servers.
(If it doesn\[aq]t then please file an issue, or send a pull request!)
.PP
Paths are specified as \f[C]remote:\f[] or \f[C]remote:path/to/dir\f[].
.PP
Here is an example of how to make a remote called \f[C]remote\f[].
First run:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ rclone\ config
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This will guide you through an interactive setup process:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
No\ remotes\ found\ \-\ make\ a\ new\ one
n)\ New\ remote
s)\ Set\ configuration\ password
q)\ Quit\ config
n/s/q>\ n
name>\ remote
Type\ of\ storage\ to\ configure.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Amazon\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "amazon\ cloud\ drive"
\ 2\ /\ Amazon\ S3\ (also\ Dreamhost,\ Ceph,\ Minio)
\ \ \ \\\ "s3"
\ 3\ /\ Backblaze\ B2
\ \ \ \\\ "b2"
\ 4\ /\ Dropbox
\ \ \ \\\ "dropbox"
\ 5\ /\ Encrypt/Decrypt\ a\ remote
\ \ \ \\\ "crypt"
\ 6\ /\ FTP\ Connection
\ \ \ \\\ "ftp"
\ 7\ /\ Google\ Cloud\ Storage\ (this\ is\ not\ Google\ Drive)
\ \ \ \\\ "google\ cloud\ storage"
\ 8\ /\ Google\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "drive"
\ 9\ /\ Hubic
\ \ \ \\\ "hubic"
10\ /\ Local\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "local"
11\ /\ Microsoft\ OneDrive
\ \ \ \\\ "onedrive"
12\ /\ Openstack\ Swift\ (Rackspace\ Cloud\ Files,\ Memset\ Memstore,\ OVH)
\ \ \ \\\ "swift"
13\ /\ SSH/SFTP\ Connection
\ \ \ \\\ "sftp"
14\ /\ Yandex\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "yandex"
15\ /\ http\ Connection
\ \ \ \\\ "http"
Storage>\ http
URL\ of\ http\ host\ to\ connect\ to
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Connect\ to\ example.com
\ \ \ \\\ "https://example.com"
url>\ https://beta.rclone.org
Remote\ config
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
[remote]
url\ =\ https://beta.rclone.org
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
y)\ Yes\ this\ is\ OK
e)\ Edit\ this\ remote
d)\ Delete\ this\ remote
y/e/d>\ y
Current\ remotes:

Name\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Type
====\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ ====
remote\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ http

e)\ Edit\ existing\ remote
n)\ New\ remote
d)\ Delete\ remote
r)\ Rename\ remote
c)\ Copy\ remote
s)\ Set\ configuration\ password
q)\ Quit\ config
e/n/d/r/c/s/q>\ q
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This remote is called \f[C]remote\f[] and can now be used like this
.PP
See all the top level directories
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ lsd\ remote:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
List the contents of a directory
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ ls\ remote:directory
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Sync the remote \f[C]directory\f[] to \f[C]/home/local/directory\f[],
deleting any excess files.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ sync\ remote:directory\ /home/local/directory
\f[]
.fi
.SS Read only
.PP
This remote is read only \- you can\[aq]t upload files to an HTTP
server.
.SS Modified time
.PP
Most HTTP servers store time accurate to 1 second.
.SS Checksum
.PP
No checksums are stored.
.SS Usage without a config file
.PP
Note that since only two environment variable need to be set, it is easy
to use without a config file like this.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
RCLONE_CONFIG_ZZ_TYPE=http\ RCLONE_CONFIG_ZZ_URL=https://beta.rclone.org\ rclone\ lsd\ zz:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Or if you prefer
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
export\ RCLONE_CONFIG_ZZ_TYPE=http
export\ RCLONE_CONFIG_ZZ_URL=https://beta.rclone.org
rclone\ lsd\ zz:
\f[]
.fi
.SS Hubic
.PP
Paths are specified as \f[C]remote:path\f[]
.PP
Paths are specified as \f[C]remote:container\f[] (or \f[C]remote:\f[]
for the \f[C]lsd\f[] command.) You may put subdirectories in too, eg
\f[C]remote:container/path/to/dir\f[].
.PP
The initial setup for Hubic involves getting a token from Hubic which
you need to do in your browser.
\f[C]rclone\ config\f[] walks you through it.
.PP
Here is an example of how to make a remote called \f[C]remote\f[].
First run:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ rclone\ config
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This will guide you through an interactive setup process:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
n)\ New\ remote
s)\ Set\ configuration\ password
n/s>\ n
name>\ remote
Type\ of\ storage\ to\ configure.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Amazon\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "amazon\ cloud\ drive"
\ 2\ /\ Amazon\ S3\ (also\ Dreamhost,\ Ceph,\ Minio)
\ \ \ \\\ "s3"
\ 3\ /\ Backblaze\ B2
\ \ \ \\\ "b2"
\ 4\ /\ Dropbox
\ \ \ \\\ "dropbox"
\ 5\ /\ Encrypt/Decrypt\ a\ remote
\ \ \ \\\ "crypt"
\ 6\ /\ Google\ Cloud\ Storage\ (this\ is\ not\ Google\ Drive)
\ \ \ \\\ "google\ cloud\ storage"
\ 7\ /\ Google\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "drive"
\ 8\ /\ Hubic
\ \ \ \\\ "hubic"
\ 9\ /\ Local\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "local"
10\ /\ Microsoft\ OneDrive
\ \ \ \\\ "onedrive"
11\ /\ Openstack\ Swift\ (Rackspace\ Cloud\ Files,\ Memset\ Memstore,\ OVH)
\ \ \ \\\ "swift"
12\ /\ SSH/SFTP\ Connection
\ \ \ \\\ "sftp"
13\ /\ Yandex\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "yandex"
Storage>\ 8
Hubic\ Client\ Id\ \-\ leave\ blank\ normally.
client_id>
Hubic\ Client\ Secret\ \-\ leave\ blank\ normally.
client_secret>
Remote\ config
Use\ auto\ config?
\ *\ Say\ Y\ if\ not\ sure
\ *\ Say\ N\ if\ you\ are\ working\ on\ a\ remote\ or\ headless\ machine
y)\ Yes
n)\ No
y/n>\ y
If\ your\ browser\ doesn\[aq]t\ open\ automatically\ go\ to\ the\ following\ link:\ http://127.0.0.1:53682/auth
Log\ in\ and\ authorize\ rclone\ for\ access
Waiting\ for\ code...
Got\ code
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
[remote]
client_id\ =
client_secret\ =
token\ =\ {"access_token":"XXXXXX"}
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
y)\ Yes\ this\ is\ OK
e)\ Edit\ this\ remote
d)\ Delete\ this\ remote
y/e/d>\ y
\f[]
.fi
.PP
See the remote setup docs (https://rclone.org/remote_setup/) for how to
set it up on a machine with no Internet browser available.
.PP
Note that rclone runs a webserver on your local machine to collect the
token as returned from Hubic.
This only runs from the moment it opens your browser to the moment you
get back the verification code.
This is on \f[C]http://127.0.0.1:53682/\f[] and this it may require you
to unblock it temporarily if you are running a host firewall.
.PP
Once configured you can then use \f[C]rclone\f[] like this,
.PP
List containers in the top level of your Hubic
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ lsd\ remote:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
List all the files in your Hubic
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ ls\ remote:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
To copy a local directory to an Hubic directory called backup
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ copy\ /home/source\ remote:backup
\f[]
.fi
.PP
If you want the directory to be visible in the official \f[I]Hubic
browser\f[], you need to copy your files to the \f[C]default\f[]
directory
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ copy\ /home/source\ remote:default/backup
\f[]
.fi
.SS \-\-fast\-list
.PP
This remote supports \f[C]\-\-fast\-list\f[] which allows you to use
fewer transactions in exchange for more memory.
See the rclone docs (/docs/#fast-list) for more details.
.SS Modified time
.PP
The modified time is stored as metadata on the object as
\f[C]X\-Object\-Meta\-Mtime\f[] as floating point since the epoch
accurate to 1 ns.
.PP
This is a defacto standard (used in the official python\-swiftclient
amongst others) for storing the modification time for an object.
.PP
Note that Hubic wraps the Swift backend, so most of the properties of
are the same.
.SS Limitations
.PP
This uses the normal OpenStack Swift mechanism to refresh the Swift API
credentials and ignores the expires field returned by the Hubic API.
.PP
The Swift API doesn\[aq]t return a correct MD5SUM for segmented files
(Dynamic or Static Large Objects) so rclone won\[aq]t check or use the
MD5SUM for these.
.SS Mega
.PP
Mega (https://mega.nz/) is a cloud storage and file hosting service
known for its security feature where all files are encrypted locally
before they are uploaded.
This prevents anyone (including employees of Mega) from accessing the
files without knowledge of the key used for encryption.
.PP
This is an rclone backend for Mega which supports the file transfer
features of Mega using the same client side encryption.
.PP
Paths are specified as \f[C]remote:path\f[]
.PP
Paths may be as deep as required, eg
\f[C]remote:directory/subdirectory\f[].
.PP
Here is an example of how to make a remote called \f[C]remote\f[].
First run:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ rclone\ config
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This will guide you through an interactive setup process:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
No\ remotes\ found\ \-\ make\ a\ new\ one
n)\ New\ remote
s)\ Set\ configuration\ password
q)\ Quit\ config
n/s/q>\ n
name>\ remote
Type\ of\ storage\ to\ configure.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Alias\ for\ a\ existing\ remote
\ \ \ \\\ "alias"
[snip]
14\ /\ Mega
\ \ \ \\\ "mega"
[snip]
23\ /\ http\ Connection
\ \ \ \\\ "http"
Storage>\ mega
User\ name
user>\ you\@example.com
Password.
y)\ Yes\ type\ in\ my\ own\ password
g)\ Generate\ random\ password
n)\ No\ leave\ this\ optional\ password\ blank
y/g/n>\ y
Enter\ the\ password:
password:
Confirm\ the\ password:
password:
Remote\ config
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
[remote]
type\ =\ mega
user\ =\ you\@example.com
pass\ =\ ***\ ENCRYPTED\ ***
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
y)\ Yes\ this\ is\ OK
e)\ Edit\ this\ remote
d)\ Delete\ this\ remote
y/e/d>\ y
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Once configured you can then use \f[C]rclone\f[] like this,
.PP
List directories in top level of your Mega
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ lsd\ remote:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
List all the files in your Mega
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ ls\ remote:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
To copy a local directory to an Mega directory called backup
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ copy\ /home/source\ remote:backup
\f[]
.fi
.SS Modified time and hashes
.PP
Mega does not support modification times or hashes yet.
.SS Duplicated files
.PP
Mega can have two files with exactly the same name and path (unlike a
normal file system).
.PP
Duplicated files cause problems with the syncing and you will see
messages in the log about duplicates.
.PP
Use \f[C]rclone\ dedupe\f[] to fix duplicated files.
.SS Limitations
.PP
This backend uses the go\-mega go
library (https://github.com/t3rm1n4l/go-mega) which is an opensource go
library implementing the Mega API.
There doesn\[aq]t appear to be any documentation for the mega protocol
beyond the mega C++ SDK (https://github.com/meganz/sdk) source code so
there are likely quite a few errors still remaining in this library.
.PP
Mega allows duplicate files which may confuse rclone.
.SS Microsoft Azure Blob Storage
.PP
Paths are specified as \f[C]remote:container\f[] (or \f[C]remote:\f[]
for the \f[C]lsd\f[] command.) You may put subdirectories in too, eg
\f[C]remote:container/path/to/dir\f[].
.PP
Here is an example of making a Microsoft Azure Blob Storage
configuration.
For a remote called \f[C]remote\f[].
First run:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ rclone\ config
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This will guide you through an interactive setup process:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
No\ remotes\ found\ \-\ make\ a\ new\ one
n)\ New\ remote
s)\ Set\ configuration\ password
q)\ Quit\ config
n/s/q>\ n
name>\ remote
Type\ of\ storage\ to\ configure.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Amazon\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "amazon\ cloud\ drive"
\ 2\ /\ Amazon\ S3\ (also\ Dreamhost,\ Ceph,\ Minio)
\ \ \ \\\ "s3"
\ 3\ /\ Backblaze\ B2
\ \ \ \\\ "b2"
\ 4\ /\ Box
\ \ \ \\\ "box"
\ 5\ /\ Dropbox
\ \ \ \\\ "dropbox"
\ 6\ /\ Encrypt/Decrypt\ a\ remote
\ \ \ \\\ "crypt"
\ 7\ /\ FTP\ Connection
\ \ \ \\\ "ftp"
\ 8\ /\ Google\ Cloud\ Storage\ (this\ is\ not\ Google\ Drive)
\ \ \ \\\ "google\ cloud\ storage"
\ 9\ /\ Google\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "drive"
10\ /\ Hubic
\ \ \ \\\ "hubic"
11\ /\ Local\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "local"
12\ /\ Microsoft\ Azure\ Blob\ Storage
\ \ \ \\\ "azureblob"
13\ /\ Microsoft\ OneDrive
\ \ \ \\\ "onedrive"
14\ /\ Openstack\ Swift\ (Rackspace\ Cloud\ Files,\ Memset\ Memstore,\ OVH)
\ \ \ \\\ "swift"
15\ /\ SSH/SFTP\ Connection
\ \ \ \\\ "sftp"
16\ /\ Yandex\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "yandex"
17\ /\ http\ Connection
\ \ \ \\\ "http"
Storage>\ azureblob
Storage\ Account\ Name
account>\ account_name
Storage\ Account\ Key
key>\ base64encodedkey==
Endpoint\ for\ the\ service\ \-\ leave\ blank\ normally.
endpoint>\ 
Remote\ config
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
[remote]
account\ =\ account_name
key\ =\ base64encodedkey==
endpoint\ =\ 
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
y)\ Yes\ this\ is\ OK
e)\ Edit\ this\ remote
d)\ Delete\ this\ remote
y/e/d>\ y
\f[]
.fi
.PP
See all containers
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ lsd\ remote:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Make a new container
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ mkdir\ remote:container
\f[]
.fi
.PP
List the contents of a container
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ ls\ remote:container
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Sync \f[C]/home/local/directory\f[] to the remote container, deleting
any excess files in the container.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ sync\ /home/local/directory\ remote:container
\f[]
.fi
.SS \-\-fast\-list
.PP
This remote supports \f[C]\-\-fast\-list\f[] which allows you to use
fewer transactions in exchange for more memory.
See the rclone docs (/docs/#fast-list) for more details.
.SS Modified time
.PP
The modified time is stored as metadata on the object with the
\f[C]mtime\f[] key.
It is stored using RFC3339 Format time with nanosecond precision.
The metadata is supplied during directory listings so there is no
overhead to using it.
.SS Hashes
.PP
MD5 hashes are stored with blobs.
However blobs that were uploaded in chunks only have an MD5 if the
source remote was capable of MD5 hashes, eg the local disk.
.SS Multipart uploads
.PP
Rclone supports multipart uploads with Azure Blob storage.
Files bigger than 256MB will be uploaded using chunked upload by
default.
.PP
The files will be uploaded in parallel in 4MB chunks (by default).
Note that these chunks are buffered in memory and there may be up to
\f[C]\-\-transfers\f[] of them being uploaded at once.
.PP
Files can\[aq]t be split into more than 50,000 chunks so by default, so
the largest file that can be uploaded with 4MB chunk size is 195GB.
Above this rclone will double the chunk size until it creates less than
50,000 chunks.
By default this will mean a maximum file size of 3.2TB can be uploaded.
This can be raised to 5TB using
\f[C]\-\-azureblob\-chunk\-size\ 100M\f[].
.PP
Note that rclone doesn\[aq]t commit the block list until the end of the
upload which means that there is a limit of 9.5TB of multipart uploads
in progress as Azure won\[aq]t allow more than that amount of
uncommitted blocks.
.SS Specific options
.PP
Here are the command line options specific to this cloud storage system.
.SS \-\-azureblob\-upload\-cutoff=SIZE
.PP
Cutoff for switching to chunked upload \- must be <= 256MB.
The default is 256MB.
.SS \-\-azureblob\-chunk\-size=SIZE
.PP
Upload chunk size.
Default 4MB.
Note that this is stored in memory and there may be up to
\f[C]\-\-transfers\f[] chunks stored at once in memory.
This can be at most 100MB.
.SS Limitations
.PP
MD5 sums are only uploaded with chunked files if the source has an MD5
sum.
This will always be the case for a local to azure copy.
.SS Microsoft OneDrive
.PP
Paths are specified as \f[C]remote:path\f[]
.PP
Paths may be as deep as required, eg
\f[C]remote:directory/subdirectory\f[].
.PP
The initial setup for OneDrive involves getting a token from Microsoft
which you need to do in your browser.
\f[C]rclone\ config\f[] walks you through it.
.PP
Here is an example of how to make a remote called \f[C]remote\f[].
First run:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ rclone\ config
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This will guide you through an interactive setup process:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
No\ remotes\ found\ \-\ make\ a\ new\ one
n)\ New\ remote
s)\ Set\ configuration\ password
n/s>\ n
name>\ remote
Type\ of\ storage\ to\ configure.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Amazon\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "amazon\ cloud\ drive"
\ 2\ /\ Amazon\ S3\ (also\ Dreamhost,\ Ceph,\ Minio)
\ \ \ \\\ "s3"
\ 3\ /\ Backblaze\ B2
\ \ \ \\\ "b2"
\ 4\ /\ Dropbox
\ \ \ \\\ "dropbox"
\ 5\ /\ Encrypt/Decrypt\ a\ remote
\ \ \ \\\ "crypt"
\ 6\ /\ Google\ Cloud\ Storage\ (this\ is\ not\ Google\ Drive)
\ \ \ \\\ "google\ cloud\ storage"
\ 7\ /\ Google\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "drive"
\ 8\ /\ Hubic
\ \ \ \\\ "hubic"
\ 9\ /\ Local\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "local"
10\ /\ Microsoft\ OneDrive
\ \ \ \\\ "onedrive"
11\ /\ Openstack\ Swift\ (Rackspace\ Cloud\ Files,\ Memset\ Memstore,\ OVH)
\ \ \ \\\ "swift"
12\ /\ SSH/SFTP\ Connection
\ \ \ \\\ "sftp"
13\ /\ Yandex\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "yandex"
Storage>\ 10
Microsoft\ App\ Client\ Id\ \-\ leave\ blank\ normally.
client_id>
Microsoft\ App\ Client\ Secret\ \-\ leave\ blank\ normally.
client_secret>
Remote\ config
Choose\ OneDrive\ account\ type?
\ *\ Say\ b\ for\ a\ OneDrive\ business\ account
\ *\ Say\ p\ for\ a\ personal\ OneDrive\ account
b)\ Business
p)\ Personal
b/p>\ p
Use\ auto\ config?
\ *\ Say\ Y\ if\ not\ sure
\ *\ Say\ N\ if\ you\ are\ working\ on\ a\ remote\ or\ headless\ machine
y)\ Yes
n)\ No
y/n>\ y
If\ your\ browser\ doesn\[aq]t\ open\ automatically\ go\ to\ the\ following\ link:\ http://127.0.0.1:53682/auth
Log\ in\ and\ authorize\ rclone\ for\ access
Waiting\ for\ code...
Got\ code
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
[remote]
client_id\ =
client_secret\ =
token\ =\ {"access_token":"XXXXXX"}
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
y)\ Yes\ this\ is\ OK
e)\ Edit\ this\ remote
d)\ Delete\ this\ remote
y/e/d>\ y
\f[]
.fi
.PP
See the remote setup docs (https://rclone.org/remote_setup/) for how to
set it up on a machine with no Internet browser available.
.PP
Note that rclone runs a webserver on your local machine to collect the
token as returned from Microsoft.
This only runs from the moment it opens your browser to the moment you
get back the verification code.
This is on \f[C]http://127.0.0.1:53682/\f[] and this it may require you
to unblock it temporarily if you are running a host firewall.
.PP
Once configured you can then use \f[C]rclone\f[] like this,
.PP
List directories in top level of your OneDrive
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ lsd\ remote:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
List all the files in your OneDrive
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ ls\ remote:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
To copy a local directory to an OneDrive directory called backup
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ copy\ /home/source\ remote:backup
\f[]
.fi
.SS OneDrive for Business
.PP
There is additional support for OneDrive for Business.
Select "b" when ask
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
Choose\ OneDrive\ account\ type?
\ *\ Say\ b\ for\ a\ OneDrive\ business\ account
\ *\ Say\ p\ for\ a\ personal\ OneDrive\ account
b)\ Business
p)\ Personal
b/p>
\f[]
.fi
.PP
After that rclone requires an authentication of your account.
The application will first authenticate your account, then query the
OneDrive resource URL and do a second (silent) authentication for this
resource URL.
.SS Modified time and hashes
.PP
OneDrive allows modification times to be set on objects accurate to 1
second.
These will be used to detect whether objects need syncing or not.
.PP
OneDrive personal supports SHA1 type hashes.
OneDrive for business and Sharepoint Server support
QuickXorHash (https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/onedrive/developer/code-snippets/quickxorhash).
.PP
For all types of OneDrive you can use the \f[C]\-\-checksum\f[] flag.
.SS Deleting files
.PP
Any files you delete with rclone will end up in the trash.
Microsoft doesn\[aq]t provide an API to permanently delete files, nor to
empty the trash, so you will have to do that with one of Microsoft\[aq]s
apps or via the OneDrive website.
.SS Specific options
.PP
Here are the command line options specific to this cloud storage system.
.SS \-\-onedrive\-chunk\-size=SIZE
.PP
Above this size files will be chunked \- must be multiple of 320k.
The default is 10MB.
Note that the chunks will be buffered into memory.
.SS Limitations
.PP
Note that OneDrive is case insensitive so you can\[aq]t have a file
called "Hello.doc" and one called "hello.doc".
.PP
There are quite a few characters that can\[aq]t be in OneDrive file
names.
These can\[aq]t occur on Windows platforms, but on non\-Windows
platforms they are common.
Rclone will map these names to and from an identical looking unicode
equivalent.
For example if a file has a \f[C]?\f[] in it will be mapped to
\f[C]？\f[] instead.
.PP
The largest allowed file size is 10GiB (10,737,418,240 bytes).
.SS Versioning issue
.PP
Every change in OneDrive causes the service to create a new version.
This counts against a users quota.
For example changing the modification time of a file creates a second
version, so the file is using twice the space.
.PP
The \f[C]copy\f[] is the only rclone command affected by this as we copy
the file and then afterwards set the modification time to match the
source file.
.PP
User Weropol (https://github.com/Weropol) has found a method to disable
versioning on OneDrive
.IP "1." 3
Open the settings menu by clicking on the gear symbol at the top of the
OneDrive Business page.
.IP "2." 3
Click Site settings.
.IP "3." 3
Once on the Site settings page, navigate to Site Administration > Site
libraries and lists.
.IP "4." 3
Click Customize "Documents".
.IP "5." 3
Click General Settings > Versioning Settings.
.IP "6." 3
Under Document Version History select the option No versioning.
Note: This will disable the creation of new file versions, but will not
remove any previous versions.
Your documents are safe.
.IP "7." 3
Apply the changes by clicking OK.
.IP "8." 3
Use rclone to upload or modify files.
(I also use the \-\-no\-update\-modtime flag)
.IP "9." 3
Restore the versioning settings after using rclone.
(Optional)
.SS Troubleshooting
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
Error:\ access_denied
Code:\ AADSTS65005
Description:\ Using\ application\ \[aq]rclone\[aq]\ is\ currently\ not\ supported\ for\ your\ organization\ [YOUR_ORGANIZATION]\ because\ it\ is\ in\ an\ unmanaged\ state.\ An\ administrator\ needs\ to\ claim\ ownership\ of\ the\ company\ by\ DNS\ validation\ of\ [YOUR_ORGANIZATION]\ before\ the\ application\ rclone\ can\ be\ provisioned.
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This means that rclone can\[aq]t use the OneDrive for Business API with
your account.
You can\[aq]t do much about it, maybe write an email to your admins.
.PP
However, there are other ways to interact with your OneDrive account.
Have a look at the webdav backend: https://rclone.org/webdav/#sharepoint
.SS OpenDrive
.PP
Paths are specified as \f[C]remote:path\f[]
.PP
Paths may be as deep as required, eg
\f[C]remote:directory/subdirectory\f[].
.PP
Here is an example of how to make a remote called \f[C]remote\f[].
First run:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ rclone\ config
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This will guide you through an interactive setup process:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
n)\ New\ remote
d)\ Delete\ remote
q)\ Quit\ config
e/n/d/q>\ n
name>\ remote
Type\ of\ storage\ to\ configure.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Amazon\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "amazon\ cloud\ drive"
\ 2\ /\ Amazon\ S3\ (also\ Dreamhost,\ Ceph,\ Minio)
\ \ \ \\\ "s3"
\ 3\ /\ Backblaze\ B2
\ \ \ \\\ "b2"
\ 4\ /\ Dropbox
\ \ \ \\\ "dropbox"
\ 5\ /\ Encrypt/Decrypt\ a\ remote
\ \ \ \\\ "crypt"
\ 6\ /\ Google\ Cloud\ Storage\ (this\ is\ not\ Google\ Drive)
\ \ \ \\\ "google\ cloud\ storage"
\ 7\ /\ Google\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "drive"
\ 8\ /\ Hubic
\ \ \ \\\ "hubic"
\ 9\ /\ Local\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "local"
10\ /\ OpenDrive
\ \ \ \\\ "opendrive"
11\ /\ Microsoft\ OneDrive
\ \ \ \\\ "onedrive"
12\ /\ Openstack\ Swift\ (Rackspace\ Cloud\ Files,\ Memset\ Memstore,\ OVH)
\ \ \ \\\ "swift"
13\ /\ SSH/SFTP\ Connection
\ \ \ \\\ "sftp"
14\ /\ Yandex\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "yandex"
Storage>\ 10
Username
username>
Password
y)\ Yes\ type\ in\ my\ own\ password
g)\ Generate\ random\ password
y/g>\ y
Enter\ the\ password:
password:
Confirm\ the\ password:
password:
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
[remote]
username\ =
password\ =\ ***\ ENCRYPTED\ ***
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
y)\ Yes\ this\ is\ OK
e)\ Edit\ this\ remote
d)\ Delete\ this\ remote
y/e/d>\ y
\f[]
.fi
.PP
List directories in top level of your OpenDrive
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ lsd\ remote:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
List all the files in your OpenDrive
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ ls\ remote:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
To copy a local directory to an OpenDrive directory called backup
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ copy\ /home/source\ remote:backup
\f[]
.fi
.SS Modified time and MD5SUMs
.PP
OpenDrive allows modification times to be set on objects accurate to 1
second.
These will be used to detect whether objects need syncing or not.
.SS Deleting files
.PP
Any files you delete with rclone will end up in the trash.
Amazon don\[aq]t provide an API to permanently delete files, nor to
empty the trash, so you will have to do that with one of Amazon\[aq]s
apps or via the OpenDrive website.
As of November 17, 2016, files are automatically deleted by Amazon from
the trash after 30 days.
.SS Limitations
.PP
Note that OpenDrive is case insensitive so you can\[aq]t have a file
called "Hello.doc" and one called "hello.doc".
.PP
There are quite a few characters that can\[aq]t be in OpenDrive file
names.
These can\[aq]t occur on Windows platforms, but on non\-Windows
platforms they are common.
Rclone will map these names to and from an identical looking unicode
equivalent.
For example if a file has a \f[C]?\f[] in it will be mapped to
\f[C]？\f[] instead.
.SS QingStor
.PP
Paths are specified as \f[C]remote:bucket\f[] (or \f[C]remote:\f[] for
the \f[C]lsd\f[] command.) You may put subdirectories in too, eg
\f[C]remote:bucket/path/to/dir\f[].
.PP
Here is an example of making an QingStor configuration.
First run
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ config
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This will guide you through an interactive setup process.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
No\ remotes\ found\ \-\ make\ a\ new\ one
n)\ New\ remote
r)\ Rename\ remote
c)\ Copy\ remote
s)\ Set\ configuration\ password
q)\ Quit\ config
n/r/c/s/q>\ n
name>\ remote
Type\ of\ storage\ to\ configure.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Amazon\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "amazon\ cloud\ drive"
\ 2\ /\ Amazon\ S3\ (also\ Dreamhost,\ Ceph,\ Minio)
\ \ \ \\\ "s3"
\ 3\ /\ Backblaze\ B2
\ \ \ \\\ "b2"
\ 4\ /\ Dropbox
\ \ \ \\\ "dropbox"
\ 5\ /\ Encrypt/Decrypt\ a\ remote
\ \ \ \\\ "crypt"
\ 6\ /\ FTP\ Connection
\ \ \ \\\ "ftp"
\ 7\ /\ Google\ Cloud\ Storage\ (this\ is\ not\ Google\ Drive)
\ \ \ \\\ "google\ cloud\ storage"
\ 8\ /\ Google\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "drive"
\ 9\ /\ Hubic
\ \ \ \\\ "hubic"
10\ /\ Local\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "local"
11\ /\ Microsoft\ OneDrive
\ \ \ \\\ "onedrive"
12\ /\ Openstack\ Swift\ (Rackspace\ Cloud\ Files,\ Memset\ Memstore,\ OVH)
\ \ \ \\\ "swift"
13\ /\ QingStor\ Object\ Storage
\ \ \ \\\ "qingstor"
14\ /\ SSH/SFTP\ Connection
\ \ \ \\\ "sftp"
15\ /\ Yandex\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "yandex"
Storage>\ 13
Get\ QingStor\ credentials\ from\ runtime.\ Only\ applies\ if\ access_key_id\ and\ secret_access_key\ is\ blank.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Enter\ QingStor\ credentials\ in\ the\ next\ step
\ \ \ \\\ "false"
\ 2\ /\ Get\ QingStor\ credentials\ from\ the\ environment\ (env\ vars\ or\ IAM)
\ \ \ \\\ "true"
env_auth>\ 1
QingStor\ Access\ Key\ ID\ \-\ leave\ blank\ for\ anonymous\ access\ or\ runtime\ credentials.
access_key_id>\ access_key
QingStor\ Secret\ Access\ Key\ (password)\ \-\ leave\ blank\ for\ anonymous\ access\ or\ runtime\ credentials.
secret_access_key>\ secret_key
Enter\ a\ endpoint\ URL\ to\ connection\ QingStor\ API.
Leave\ blank\ will\ use\ the\ default\ value\ "https://qingstor.com:443"
endpoint>
Zone\ connect\ to.\ Default\ is\ "pek3a".
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ \ \ /\ The\ Beijing\ (China)\ Three\ Zone
\ 1\ |\ Needs\ location\ constraint\ pek3a.
\ \ \ \\\ "pek3a"
\ \ \ /\ The\ Shanghai\ (China)\ First\ Zone
\ 2\ |\ Needs\ location\ constraint\ sh1a.
\ \ \ \\\ "sh1a"
zone>\ 1
Number\ of\ connnection\ retry.
Leave\ blank\ will\ use\ the\ default\ value\ "3".
connection_retries>
Remote\ config
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
[remote]
env_auth\ =\ false
access_key_id\ =\ access_key
secret_access_key\ =\ secret_key
endpoint\ =
zone\ =\ pek3a
connection_retries\ =
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
y)\ Yes\ this\ is\ OK
e)\ Edit\ this\ remote
d)\ Delete\ this\ remote
y/e/d>\ y
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This remote is called \f[C]remote\f[] and can now be used like this
.PP
See all buckets
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ lsd\ remote:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Make a new bucket
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ mkdir\ remote:bucket
\f[]
.fi
.PP
List the contents of a bucket
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ ls\ remote:bucket
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Sync \f[C]/home/local/directory\f[] to the remote bucket, deleting any
excess files in the bucket.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ sync\ /home/local/directory\ remote:bucket
\f[]
.fi
.SS \-\-fast\-list
.PP
This remote supports \f[C]\-\-fast\-list\f[] which allows you to use
fewer transactions in exchange for more memory.
See the rclone docs (/docs/#fast-list) for more details.
.SS Multipart uploads
.PP
rclone supports multipart uploads with QingStor which means that it can
upload files bigger than 5GB.
Note that files uploaded with multipart upload don\[aq]t have an MD5SUM.
.SS Buckets and Zone
.PP
With QingStor you can list buckets (\f[C]rclone\ lsd\f[]) using any
zone, but you can only access the content of a bucket from the zone it
was created in.
If you attempt to access a bucket from the wrong zone, you will get an
error,
\f[C]incorrect\ zone,\ the\ bucket\ is\ not\ in\ \[aq]XXX\[aq]\ zone\f[].
.SS Authentication
.PP
There are two ways to supply \f[C]rclone\f[] with a set of QingStor
credentials.
In order of precedence:
.IP \[bu] 2
Directly in the rclone configuration file (as configured by
\f[C]rclone\ config\f[])
.IP \[bu] 2
set \f[C]access_key_id\f[] and \f[C]secret_access_key\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
Runtime configuration:
.IP \[bu] 2
set \f[C]env_auth\f[] to \f[C]true\f[] in the config file
.IP \[bu] 2
Exporting the following environment variables before running
\f[C]rclone\f[]
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Access Key ID: \f[C]QS_ACCESS_KEY_ID\f[] or \f[C]QS_ACCESS_KEY\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
Secret Access Key: \f[C]QS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY\f[] or
\f[C]QS_SECRET_KEY\f[]
.RE
.SS Swift
.PP
Swift refers to Openstack Object
Storage (https://docs.openstack.org/swift/latest/).
Commercial implementations of that being:
.IP \[bu] 2
Rackspace Cloud Files (https://www.rackspace.com/cloud/files/)
.IP \[bu] 2
Memset Memstore (https://www.memset.com/cloud/storage/)
.IP \[bu] 2
OVH Object
Storage (https://www.ovh.co.uk/public-cloud/storage/object-storage/)
.IP \[bu] 2
Oracle Cloud Storage (https://cloud.oracle.com/storage-opc)
.IP \[bu] 2
IBM Bluemix Cloud ObjectStorage
Swift (https://console.bluemix.net/docs/infrastructure/objectstorage-swift/index.html)
.PP
Paths are specified as \f[C]remote:container\f[] (or \f[C]remote:\f[]
for the \f[C]lsd\f[] command.) You may put subdirectories in too, eg
\f[C]remote:container/path/to/dir\f[].
.PP
Here is an example of making a swift configuration.
First run
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ config
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This will guide you through an interactive setup process.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
No\ remotes\ found\ \-\ make\ a\ new\ one
n)\ New\ remote
s)\ Set\ configuration\ password
q)\ Quit\ config
n/s/q>\ n
name>\ remote
Type\ of\ storage\ to\ configure.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Amazon\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "amazon\ cloud\ drive"
\ 2\ /\ Amazon\ S3\ (also\ Dreamhost,\ Ceph,\ Minio)
\ \ \ \\\ "s3"
\ 3\ /\ Backblaze\ B2
\ \ \ \\\ "b2"
\ 4\ /\ Box
\ \ \ \\\ "box"
\ 5\ /\ Cache\ a\ remote
\ \ \ \\\ "cache"
\ 6\ /\ Dropbox
\ \ \ \\\ "dropbox"
\ 7\ /\ Encrypt/Decrypt\ a\ remote
\ \ \ \\\ "crypt"
\ 8\ /\ FTP\ Connection
\ \ \ \\\ "ftp"
\ 9\ /\ Google\ Cloud\ Storage\ (this\ is\ not\ Google\ Drive)
\ \ \ \\\ "google\ cloud\ storage"
10\ /\ Google\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "drive"
11\ /\ Hubic
\ \ \ \\\ "hubic"
12\ /\ Local\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "local"
13\ /\ Microsoft\ Azure\ Blob\ Storage
\ \ \ \\\ "azureblob"
14\ /\ Microsoft\ OneDrive
\ \ \ \\\ "onedrive"
15\ /\ Openstack\ Swift\ (Rackspace\ Cloud\ Files,\ Memset\ Memstore,\ OVH)
\ \ \ \\\ "swift"
16\ /\ Pcloud
\ \ \ \\\ "pcloud"
17\ /\ QingCloud\ Object\ Storage
\ \ \ \\\ "qingstor"
18\ /\ SSH/SFTP\ Connection
\ \ \ \\\ "sftp"
19\ /\ Webdav
\ \ \ \\\ "webdav"
20\ /\ Yandex\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "yandex"
21\ /\ http\ Connection
\ \ \ \\\ "http"
Storage>\ swift
Get\ swift\ credentials\ from\ environment\ variables\ in\ standard\ OpenStack\ form.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Enter\ swift\ credentials\ in\ the\ next\ step
\ \ \ \\\ "false"
\ 2\ /\ Get\ swift\ credentials\ from\ environment\ vars.\ Leave\ other\ fields\ blank\ if\ using\ this.
\ \ \ \\\ "true"
env_auth>\ true
User\ name\ to\ log\ in\ (OS_USERNAME).
user>\ 
API\ key\ or\ password\ (OS_PASSWORD).
key>\ 
Authentication\ URL\ for\ server\ (OS_AUTH_URL).
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Rackspace\ US
\ \ \ \\\ "https://auth.api.rackspacecloud.com/v1.0"
\ 2\ /\ Rackspace\ UK
\ \ \ \\\ "https://lon.auth.api.rackspacecloud.com/v1.0"
\ 3\ /\ Rackspace\ v2
\ \ \ \\\ "https://identity.api.rackspacecloud.com/v2.0"
\ 4\ /\ Memset\ Memstore\ UK
\ \ \ \\\ "https://auth.storage.memset.com/v1.0"
\ 5\ /\ Memset\ Memstore\ UK\ v2
\ \ \ \\\ "https://auth.storage.memset.com/v2.0"
\ 6\ /\ OVH
\ \ \ \\\ "https://auth.cloud.ovh.net/v2.0"
auth>\ 
User\ ID\ to\ log\ in\ \-\ optional\ \-\ most\ swift\ systems\ use\ user\ and\ leave\ this\ blank\ (v3\ auth)\ (OS_USER_ID).
user_id>\ 
User\ domain\ \-\ optional\ (v3\ auth)\ (OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME)
domain>\ 
Tenant\ name\ \-\ optional\ for\ v1\ auth,\ this\ or\ tenant_id\ required\ otherwise\ (OS_TENANT_NAME\ or\ OS_PROJECT_NAME)
tenant>\ 
Tenant\ ID\ \-\ optional\ for\ v1\ auth,\ this\ or\ tenant\ required\ otherwise\ (OS_TENANT_ID)
tenant_id>\ 
Tenant\ domain\ \-\ optional\ (v3\ auth)\ (OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME)
tenant_domain>\ 
Region\ name\ \-\ optional\ (OS_REGION_NAME)
region>\ 
Storage\ URL\ \-\ optional\ (OS_STORAGE_URL)
storage_url>\ 
Auth\ Token\ from\ alternate\ authentication\ \-\ optional\ (OS_AUTH_TOKEN)
auth_token>\ 
AuthVersion\ \-\ optional\ \-\ set\ to\ (1,2,3)\ if\ your\ auth\ URL\ has\ no\ version\ (ST_AUTH_VERSION)
auth_version>\ 
Endpoint\ type\ to\ choose\ from\ the\ service\ catalogue\ (OS_ENDPOINT_TYPE)
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Public\ (default,\ choose\ this\ if\ not\ sure)
\ \ \ \\\ "public"
\ 2\ /\ Internal\ (use\ internal\ service\ net)
\ \ \ \\\ "internal"
\ 3\ /\ Admin
\ \ \ \\\ "admin"
endpoint_type>\ 
Remote\ config
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
[test]
env_auth\ =\ true
user\ =\ 
key\ =\ 
auth\ =\ 
user_id\ =\ 
domain\ =\ 
tenant\ =\ 
tenant_id\ =\ 
tenant_domain\ =\ 
region\ =\ 
storage_url\ =\ 
auth_token\ =\ 
auth_version\ =\ 
endpoint_type\ =\ 
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
y)\ Yes\ this\ is\ OK
e)\ Edit\ this\ remote
d)\ Delete\ this\ remote
y/e/d>\ y
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This remote is called \f[C]remote\f[] and can now be used like this
.PP
See all containers
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ lsd\ remote:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Make a new container
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ mkdir\ remote:container
\f[]
.fi
.PP
List the contents of a container
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ ls\ remote:container
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Sync \f[C]/home/local/directory\f[] to the remote container, deleting
any excess files in the container.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ sync\ /home/local/directory\ remote:container
\f[]
.fi
.SS Configuration from an Openstack credentials file
.PP
An Opentstack credentials file typically looks something something like
this (without the comments)
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
export\ OS_AUTH_URL=https://a.provider.net/v2.0
export\ OS_TENANT_ID=ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
export\ OS_TENANT_NAME="1234567890123456"
export\ OS_USERNAME="123abc567xy"
echo\ "Please\ enter\ your\ OpenStack\ Password:\ "
read\ \-sr\ OS_PASSWORD_INPUT
export\ OS_PASSWORD=$OS_PASSWORD_INPUT
export\ OS_REGION_NAME="SBG1"
if\ [\ \-z\ "$OS_REGION_NAME"\ ];\ then\ unset\ OS_REGION_NAME;\ fi
\f[]
.fi
.PP
The config file needs to look something like this where
\f[C]$OS_USERNAME\f[] represents the value of the \f[C]OS_USERNAME\f[]
variable \- \f[C]123abc567xy\f[] in the example above.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
[remote]
type\ =\ swift
user\ =\ $OS_USERNAME
key\ =\ $OS_PASSWORD
auth\ =\ $OS_AUTH_URL
tenant\ =\ $OS_TENANT_NAME
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Note that you may (or may not) need to set \f[C]region\f[] too \- try
without first.
.SS Configuration from the environment
.PP
If you prefer you can configure rclone to use swift using a standard set
of OpenStack environment variables.
.PP
When you run through the config, make sure you choose \f[C]true\f[] for
\f[C]env_auth\f[] and leave everything else blank.
.PP
rclone will then set any empty config parameters from the environment
using standard OpenStack environment variables.
There is a list of the
variables (https://godoc.org/github.com/ncw/swift#Connection.ApplyEnvironment)
in the docs for the swift library.
.SS Using an alternate authentication method
.PP
If your OpenStack installation uses a non\-standard authentication
method that might not be yet supported by rclone or the underlying swift
library, you can authenticate externally (e.g.
calling manually the \f[C]openstack\f[] commands to get a token).
Then, you just need to pass the two configuration variables
\f[C]auth_token\f[] and \f[C]storage_url\f[].
If they are both provided, the other variables are ignored.
rclone will not try to authenticate but instead assume it is already
authenticated and use these two variables to access the OpenStack
installation.
.SS Using rclone without a config file
.PP
You can use rclone with swift without a config file, if desired, like
this:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
source\ openstack\-credentials\-file
export\ RCLONE_CONFIG_MYREMOTE_TYPE=swift
export\ RCLONE_CONFIG_MYREMOTE_ENV_AUTH=true
rclone\ lsd\ myremote:
\f[]
.fi
.SS \-\-fast\-list
.PP
This remote supports \f[C]\-\-fast\-list\f[] which allows you to use
fewer transactions in exchange for more memory.
See the rclone docs (/docs/#fast-list) for more details.
.SS \-\-update and \-\-use\-server\-modtime
.PP
As noted below, the modified time is stored on metadata on the object.
It is used by default for all operations that require checking the time
a file was last updated.
It allows rclone to treat the remote more like a true filesystem, but it
is inefficient because it requires an extra API call to retrieve the
metadata.
.PP
For many operations, the time the object was last uploaded to the remote
is sufficient to determine if it is "dirty".
By using \f[C]\-\-update\f[] along with
\f[C]\-\-use\-server\-modtime\f[], you can avoid the extra API call and
simply upload files whose local modtime is newer than the time it was
last uploaded.
.SS Specific options
.PP
Here are the command line options specific to this cloud storage system.
.SS \-\-swift\-chunk\-size=SIZE
.PP
Above this size files will be chunked into a _segments container.
The default for this is 5GB which is its maximum value.
.SS Modified time
.PP
The modified time is stored as metadata on the object as
\f[C]X\-Object\-Meta\-Mtime\f[] as floating point since the epoch
accurate to 1 ns.
.PP
This is a defacto standard (used in the official python\-swiftclient
amongst others) for storing the modification time for an object.
.SS Limitations
.PP
The Swift API doesn\[aq]t return a correct MD5SUM for segmented files
(Dynamic or Static Large Objects) so rclone won\[aq]t check or use the
MD5SUM for these.
.SS Troubleshooting
.SS Rclone gives Failed to create file system for "remote:": Bad Request
.PP
Due to an oddity of the underlying swift library, it gives a "Bad
Request" error rather than a more sensible error when the authentication
fails for Swift.
.PP
So this most likely means your username / password is wrong.
You can investigate further with the \f[C]\-\-dump\-bodies\f[] flag.
.PP
This may also be caused by specifying the region when you shouldn\[aq]t
have (eg OVH).
.SS Rclone gives Failed to create file system: Response didn\[aq]t have
storage storage url and auth token
.PP
This is most likely caused by forgetting to specify your tenant when
setting up a swift remote.
.SS pCloud
.PP
Paths are specified as \f[C]remote:path\f[]
.PP
Paths may be as deep as required, eg
\f[C]remote:directory/subdirectory\f[].
.PP
The initial setup for pCloud involves getting a token from pCloud which
you need to do in your browser.
\f[C]rclone\ config\f[] walks you through it.
.PP
Here is an example of how to make a remote called \f[C]remote\f[].
First run:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ rclone\ config
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This will guide you through an interactive setup process:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
No\ remotes\ found\ \-\ make\ a\ new\ one
n)\ New\ remote
s)\ Set\ configuration\ password
q)\ Quit\ config
n/s/q>\ n
name>\ remote
Type\ of\ storage\ to\ configure.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Amazon\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "amazon\ cloud\ drive"
\ 2\ /\ Amazon\ S3\ (also\ Dreamhost,\ Ceph,\ Minio)
\ \ \ \\\ "s3"
\ 3\ /\ Backblaze\ B2
\ \ \ \\\ "b2"
\ 4\ /\ Box
\ \ \ \\\ "box"
\ 5\ /\ Dropbox
\ \ \ \\\ "dropbox"
\ 6\ /\ Encrypt/Decrypt\ a\ remote
\ \ \ \\\ "crypt"
\ 7\ /\ FTP\ Connection
\ \ \ \\\ "ftp"
\ 8\ /\ Google\ Cloud\ Storage\ (this\ is\ not\ Google\ Drive)
\ \ \ \\\ "google\ cloud\ storage"
\ 9\ /\ Google\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "drive"
10\ /\ Hubic
\ \ \ \\\ "hubic"
11\ /\ Local\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "local"
12\ /\ Microsoft\ Azure\ Blob\ Storage
\ \ \ \\\ "azureblob"
13\ /\ Microsoft\ OneDrive
\ \ \ \\\ "onedrive"
14\ /\ Openstack\ Swift\ (Rackspace\ Cloud\ Files,\ Memset\ Memstore,\ OVH)
\ \ \ \\\ "swift"
15\ /\ Pcloud
\ \ \ \\\ "pcloud"
16\ /\ QingCloud\ Object\ Storage
\ \ \ \\\ "qingstor"
17\ /\ SSH/SFTP\ Connection
\ \ \ \\\ "sftp"
18\ /\ Yandex\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "yandex"
19\ /\ http\ Connection
\ \ \ \\\ "http"
Storage>\ pcloud
Pcloud\ App\ Client\ Id\ \-\ leave\ blank\ normally.
client_id>\ 
Pcloud\ App\ Client\ Secret\ \-\ leave\ blank\ normally.
client_secret>\ 
Remote\ config
Use\ auto\ config?
\ *\ Say\ Y\ if\ not\ sure
\ *\ Say\ N\ if\ you\ are\ working\ on\ a\ remote\ or\ headless\ machine
y)\ Yes
n)\ No
y/n>\ y
If\ your\ browser\ doesn\[aq]t\ open\ automatically\ go\ to\ the\ following\ link:\ http://127.0.0.1:53682/auth
Log\ in\ and\ authorize\ rclone\ for\ access
Waiting\ for\ code...
Got\ code
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
[remote]
client_id\ =\ 
client_secret\ =\ 
token\ =\ {"access_token":"XXX","token_type":"bearer","expiry":"0001\-01\-01T00:00:00Z"}
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
y)\ Yes\ this\ is\ OK
e)\ Edit\ this\ remote
d)\ Delete\ this\ remote
y/e/d>\ y
\f[]
.fi
.PP
See the remote setup docs (https://rclone.org/remote_setup/) for how to
set it up on a machine with no Internet browser available.
.PP
Note that rclone runs a webserver on your local machine to collect the
token as returned from pCloud.
This only runs from the moment it opens your browser to the moment you
get back the verification code.
This is on \f[C]http://127.0.0.1:53682/\f[] and this it may require you
to unblock it temporarily if you are running a host firewall.
.PP
Once configured you can then use \f[C]rclone\f[] like this,
.PP
List directories in top level of your pCloud
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ lsd\ remote:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
List all the files in your pCloud
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ ls\ remote:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
To copy a local directory to an pCloud directory called backup
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ copy\ /home/source\ remote:backup
\f[]
.fi
.SS Modified time and hashes
.PP
pCloud allows modification times to be set on objects accurate to 1
second.
These will be used to detect whether objects need syncing or not.
In order to set a Modification time pCloud requires the object be
re\-uploaded.
.PP
pCloud supports MD5 and SHA1 type hashes, so you can use the
\f[C]\-\-checksum\f[] flag.
.SS Deleting files
.PP
Deleted files will be moved to the trash.
Your subscription level will determine how long items stay in the trash.
\f[C]rclone\ cleanup\f[] can be used to empty the trash.
.SS SFTP
.PP
SFTP is the Secure (or SSH) File Transfer
Protocol (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSH_File_Transfer_Protocol).
.PP
SFTP runs over SSH v2 and is installed as standard with most modern SSH
installations.
.PP
Paths are specified as \f[C]remote:path\f[].
If the path does not begin with a \f[C]/\f[] it is relative to the home
directory of the user.
An empty path \f[C]remote:\f[] refers to the user\[aq]s home directory.
.PP
Note that some SFTP servers will need the leading \f[C]/\f[] \- Synology
is a good example of this.
.PP
Here is an example of making an SFTP configuration.
First run
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ config
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This will guide you through an interactive setup process.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
No\ remotes\ found\ \-\ make\ a\ new\ one
n)\ New\ remote
s)\ Set\ configuration\ password
q)\ Quit\ config
n/s/q>\ n
name>\ remote
Type\ of\ storage\ to\ configure.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Amazon\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "amazon\ cloud\ drive"
\ 2\ /\ Amazon\ S3\ (also\ Dreamhost,\ Ceph,\ Minio)
\ \ \ \\\ "s3"
\ 3\ /\ Backblaze\ B2
\ \ \ \\\ "b2"
\ 4\ /\ Dropbox
\ \ \ \\\ "dropbox"
\ 5\ /\ Encrypt/Decrypt\ a\ remote
\ \ \ \\\ "crypt"
\ 6\ /\ FTP\ Connection
\ \ \ \\\ "ftp"
\ 7\ /\ Google\ Cloud\ Storage\ (this\ is\ not\ Google\ Drive)
\ \ \ \\\ "google\ cloud\ storage"
\ 8\ /\ Google\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "drive"
\ 9\ /\ Hubic
\ \ \ \\\ "hubic"
10\ /\ Local\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "local"
11\ /\ Microsoft\ OneDrive
\ \ \ \\\ "onedrive"
12\ /\ Openstack\ Swift\ (Rackspace\ Cloud\ Files,\ Memset\ Memstore,\ OVH)
\ \ \ \\\ "swift"
13\ /\ SSH/SFTP\ Connection
\ \ \ \\\ "sftp"
14\ /\ Yandex\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "yandex"
15\ /\ http\ Connection
\ \ \ \\\ "http"
Storage>\ sftp
SSH\ host\ to\ connect\ to
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Connect\ to\ example.com
\ \ \ \\\ "example.com"
host>\ example.com
SSH\ username,\ leave\ blank\ for\ current\ username,\ ncw
user>\ sftpuser
SSH\ port,\ leave\ blank\ to\ use\ default\ (22)
port>\ 
SSH\ password,\ leave\ blank\ to\ use\ ssh\-agent.
y)\ Yes\ type\ in\ my\ own\ password
g)\ Generate\ random\ password
n)\ No\ leave\ this\ optional\ password\ blank
y/g/n>\ n
Path\ to\ unencrypted\ PEM\-encoded\ private\ key\ file,\ leave\ blank\ to\ use\ ssh\-agent.
key_file>\ 
Remote\ config
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
[remote]
host\ =\ example.com
user\ =\ sftpuser
port\ =\ 
pass\ =\ 
key_file\ =\ 
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
y)\ Yes\ this\ is\ OK
e)\ Edit\ this\ remote
d)\ Delete\ this\ remote
y/e/d>\ y
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This remote is called \f[C]remote\f[] and can now be used like this:
.PP
See all directories in the home directory
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ lsd\ remote:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Make a new directory
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ mkdir\ remote:path/to/directory
\f[]
.fi
.PP
List the contents of a directory
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ ls\ remote:path/to/directory
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Sync \f[C]/home/local/directory\f[] to the remote directory, deleting
any excess files in the directory.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ sync\ /home/local/directory\ remote:directory
\f[]
.fi
.SS SSH Authentication
.PP
The SFTP remote supports three authentication methods:
.IP \[bu] 2
Password
.IP \[bu] 2
Key file
.IP \[bu] 2
ssh\-agent
.PP
Key files should be unencrypted PEM\-encoded private key files.
For instance \f[C]/home/$USER/.ssh/id_rsa\f[].
.PP
If you don\[aq]t specify \f[C]pass\f[] or \f[C]key_file\f[] then rclone
will attempt to contact an ssh\-agent.
.PP
If you set the \f[C]\-\-sftp\-ask\-password\f[] option, rclone will
prompt for a password when needed and no password has been configured.
.SS ssh\-agent on macOS
.PP
Note that there seem to be various problems with using an ssh\-agent on
macOS due to recent changes in the OS.
The most effective work\-around seems to be to start an ssh\-agent in
each session, eg
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
eval\ `ssh\-agent\ \-s`\ &&\ ssh\-add\ \-A
\f[]
.fi
.PP
And then at the end of the session
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
eval\ `ssh\-agent\ \-k`
\f[]
.fi
.PP
These commands can be used in scripts of course.
.SS Specific options
.PP
Here are the command line options specific to this remote.
.SS \-\-sftp\-ask\-password
.PP
Ask for the SFTP password if needed when no password has been
configured.
.SS \-\-ssh\-path\-override
.PP
Override path used by SSH connection.
Allows checksum calculation when SFTP and SSH paths are different.
This issue affects among others Synology NAS boxes.
.PP
Shared folders can be found in directories representing volumes
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ sync\ /home/local/directory\ remote:/directory\ \-\-ssh\-path\-override\ /volume2/directory
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Home directory can be found in a shared folder called \f[C]homes\f[]
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ sync\ /home/local/directory\ remote:/home/directory\ \-\-ssh\-path\-override\ /volume1/homes/USER/directory
\f[]
.fi
.SS Modified time
.PP
Modified times are stored on the server to 1 second precision.
.PP
Modified times are used in syncing and are fully supported.
.PP
Some SFTP servers disable setting/modifying the file modification time
after upload (for example, certain configurations of ProFTPd with
mod_sftp).
If you are using one of these servers, you can set the option
\f[C]set_modtime\ =\ false\f[] in your RClone backend configuration to
disable this behaviour.
.SS Limitations
.PP
SFTP supports checksums if the same login has shell access and
\f[C]md5sum\f[] or \f[C]sha1sum\f[] as well as \f[C]echo\f[] are in the
remote\[aq]s PATH.
This remote checksumming (file hashing) is recommended and enabled by
default.
Disabling the checksumming may be required if you are connecting to SFTP
servers which are not under your control, and to which the execution of
remote commands is prohibited.
Set the configuration option \f[C]disable_hashcheck\f[] to \f[C]true\f[]
to disable checksumming.
.PP
Note that some SFTP servers (eg Synology) the paths are different for
SSH and SFTP so the hashes can\[aq]t be calculated properly.
For them using \f[C]disable_hashcheck\f[] is a good idea.
.PP
The only ssh agent supported under Windows is Putty\[aq]s pageant.
.PP
The Go SSH library disables the use of the aes128\-cbc cipher by
default, due to security concerns.
This can be re\-enabled on a per\-connection basis by setting the
\f[C]use_insecure_cipher\f[] setting in the configuration file to
\f[C]true\f[].
Further details on the insecurity of this cipher can be found [in this
paper] (http://www.isg.rhul.ac.uk/~kp/SandPfinal.pdf).
.PP
SFTP isn\[aq]t supported under plan9 until this
issue (https://github.com/pkg/sftp/issues/156) is fixed.
.PP
Note that since SFTP isn\[aq]t HTTP based the following flags don\[aq]t
work with it: \f[C]\-\-dump\-headers\f[], \f[C]\-\-dump\-bodies\f[],
\f[C]\-\-dump\-auth\f[]
.PP
Note that \f[C]\-\-timeout\f[] isn\[aq]t supported (but
\f[C]\-\-contimeout\f[] is).
.SS WebDAV
.PP
Paths are specified as \f[C]remote:path\f[]
.PP
Paths may be as deep as required, eg
\f[C]remote:directory/subdirectory\f[].
.PP
To configure the WebDAV remote you will need to have a URL for it, and a
username and password.
If you know what kind of system you are connecting to then rclone can
enable extra features.
.PP
Here is an example of how to make a remote called \f[C]remote\f[].
First run:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ rclone\ config
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This will guide you through an interactive setup process:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
No\ remotes\ found\ \-\ make\ a\ new\ one
n)\ New\ remote
s)\ Set\ configuration\ password
q)\ Quit\ config
n/s/q>\ n
name>\ remote
Type\ of\ storage\ to\ configure.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Amazon\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "amazon\ cloud\ drive"
\ 2\ /\ Amazon\ S3\ (also\ Dreamhost,\ Ceph,\ Minio)
\ \ \ \\\ "s3"
\ 3\ /\ Backblaze\ B2
\ \ \ \\\ "b2"
\ 4\ /\ Box
\ \ \ \\\ "box"
\ 5\ /\ Dropbox
\ \ \ \\\ "dropbox"
\ 6\ /\ Encrypt/Decrypt\ a\ remote
\ \ \ \\\ "crypt"
\ 7\ /\ FTP\ Connection
\ \ \ \\\ "ftp"
\ 8\ /\ Google\ Cloud\ Storage\ (this\ is\ not\ Google\ Drive)
\ \ \ \\\ "google\ cloud\ storage"
\ 9\ /\ Google\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "drive"
10\ /\ Hubic
\ \ \ \\\ "hubic"
11\ /\ Local\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "local"
12\ /\ Microsoft\ Azure\ Blob\ Storage
\ \ \ \\\ "azureblob"
13\ /\ Microsoft\ OneDrive
\ \ \ \\\ "onedrive"
14\ /\ Openstack\ Swift\ (Rackspace\ Cloud\ Files,\ Memset\ Memstore,\ OVH)
\ \ \ \\\ "swift"
15\ /\ Pcloud
\ \ \ \\\ "pcloud"
16\ /\ QingCloud\ Object\ Storage
\ \ \ \\\ "qingstor"
17\ /\ SSH/SFTP\ Connection
\ \ \ \\\ "sftp"
18\ /\ WebDAV
\ \ \ \\\ "webdav"
19\ /\ Yandex\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "yandex"
20\ /\ http\ Connection
\ \ \ \\\ "http"
Storage>\ webdav
URL\ of\ http\ host\ to\ connect\ to
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Connect\ to\ example.com
\ \ \ \\\ "https://example.com"
url>\ https://example.com/remote.php/webdav/
Name\ of\ the\ WebDAV\ site/service/software\ you\ are\ using
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Nextcloud
\ \ \ \\\ "nextcloud"
\ 2\ /\ Owncloud
\ \ \ \\\ "owncloud"
\ 3\ /\ Sharepoint
\ \ \ \\\ "sharepoint"
\ 4\ /\ Other\ site/service\ or\ software
\ \ \ \\\ "other"
vendor>\ 1
User\ name
user>\ user
Password.
y)\ Yes\ type\ in\ my\ own\ password
g)\ Generate\ random\ password
n)\ No\ leave\ this\ optional\ password\ blank
y/g/n>\ y
Enter\ the\ password:
password:
Confirm\ the\ password:
password:
Remote\ config
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
[remote]
url\ =\ https://example.com/remote.php/webdav/
vendor\ =\ nextcloud
user\ =\ user
pass\ =\ ***\ ENCRYPTED\ ***
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
y)\ Yes\ this\ is\ OK
e)\ Edit\ this\ remote
d)\ Delete\ this\ remote
y/e/d>\ y
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Once configured you can then use \f[C]rclone\f[] like this,
.PP
List directories in top level of your WebDAV
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ lsd\ remote:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
List all the files in your WebDAV
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ ls\ remote:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
To copy a local directory to an WebDAV directory called backup
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ copy\ /home/source\ remote:backup
\f[]
.fi
.SS Modified time and hashes
.PP
Plain WebDAV does not support modified times.
However when used with Owncloud or Nextcloud rclone will support
modified times.
.PP
Hashes are not supported.
.SS Owncloud
.PP
Click on the settings cog in the bottom right of the page and this will
show the WebDAV URL that rclone needs in the config step.
It will look something like
\f[C]https://example.com/remote.php/webdav/\f[].
.PP
Owncloud supports modified times using the \f[C]X\-OC\-Mtime\f[] header.
.SS Nextcloud
.PP
This is configured in an identical way to Owncloud.
Note that Nextcloud does not support streaming of files (\f[C]rcat\f[])
whereas Owncloud does.
This may be
fixed (https://github.com/nextcloud/nextcloud-snap/issues/365) in the
future.
.SS Put.io
.PP
put.io can be accessed in a read only way using webdav.
.PP
Configure the \f[C]url\f[] as \f[C]https://webdav.put.io\f[] and use
your normal account username and password for \f[C]user\f[] and
\f[C]pass\f[].
Set the \f[C]vendor\f[] to \f[C]other\f[].
.PP
Your config file should end up looking like this:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
[putio]
type\ =\ webdav
url\ =\ https://webdav.put.io
vendor\ =\ other
user\ =\ YourUserName
pass\ =\ encryptedpassword
\f[]
.fi
.PP
If you are using \f[C]put.io\f[] with \f[C]rclone\ mount\f[] then use
the \f[C]\-\-read\-only\f[] flag to signal to the OS that it can\[aq]t
write to the mount.
.PP
For more help see the put.io webdav
docs (http://help.put.io/apps-and-integrations/ftp-and-webdav).
.SS Sharepoint
.PP
Can be used with Sharepoint provided by OneDrive for Business or
Office365 Education Accounts.
This feature is only needed for a few of these Accounts, mostly
Office365 Education ones.
These accounts are sometimes not verified by the domain owner
github#1975 (https://github.com/ncw/rclone/issues/1975)
.PP
This means that these accounts can\[aq]t be added using the official API
(other Accounts should work with the "onedrive" option).
However, it is possible to access them using webdav.
.PP
To use a sharepoint remote with rclone, add it like this: First, you
need to get your remote\[aq]s URL:
.IP \[bu] 2
Go here (https://onedrive.live.com/about/en-us/signin/) to open your
OneDrive or to sign in
.IP \[bu] 2
Now take a look at your address bar, the URL should look like this:
\f[C]https://[YOUR\-DOMAIN]\-my.sharepoint.com/personal/[YOUR\-EMAIL]/_layouts/15/onedrive.aspx\f[]
.PP
You\[aq]ll only need this URL upto the email address.
After that, you\[aq]ll most likely want to add "/Documents".
That subdirectory contains the actual data stored on your OneDrive.
.PP
Add the remote to rclone like this: Configure the \f[C]url\f[] as
\f[C]https://[YOUR\-DOMAIN]\-my.sharepoint.com/personal/[YOUR\-EMAIL]/Documents\f[]
and use your normal account email and password for \f[C]user\f[] and
\f[C]pass\f[].
If you have 2FA enabled, you have to generate an app password.
Set the \f[C]vendor\f[] to \f[C]sharepoint\f[].
.PP
Your config file should look like this:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
[sharepoint]
type\ =\ webdav
url\ =\ https://[YOUR\-DOMAIN]\-my.sharepoint.com/personal/[YOUR\-EMAIL]/Documents
vendor\ =\ other
user\ =\ YourEmailAddress
pass\ =\ encryptedpassword
\f[]
.fi
.SS Yandex Disk
.PP
Yandex Disk (https://disk.yandex.com) is a cloud storage solution
created by Yandex (https://yandex.com).
.PP
Yandex paths may be as deep as required, eg
\f[C]remote:directory/subdirectory\f[].
.PP
Here is an example of making a yandex configuration.
First run
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ config
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This will guide you through an interactive setup process:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
No\ remotes\ found\ \-\ make\ a\ new\ one
n)\ New\ remote
s)\ Set\ configuration\ password
n/s>\ n
name>\ remote
Type\ of\ storage\ to\ configure.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Amazon\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "amazon\ cloud\ drive"
\ 2\ /\ Amazon\ S3\ (also\ Dreamhost,\ Ceph,\ Minio)
\ \ \ \\\ "s3"
\ 3\ /\ Backblaze\ B2
\ \ \ \\\ "b2"
\ 4\ /\ Dropbox
\ \ \ \\\ "dropbox"
\ 5\ /\ Encrypt/Decrypt\ a\ remote
\ \ \ \\\ "crypt"
\ 6\ /\ Google\ Cloud\ Storage\ (this\ is\ not\ Google\ Drive)
\ \ \ \\\ "google\ cloud\ storage"
\ 7\ /\ Google\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "drive"
\ 8\ /\ Hubic
\ \ \ \\\ "hubic"
\ 9\ /\ Local\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "local"
10\ /\ Microsoft\ OneDrive
\ \ \ \\\ "onedrive"
11\ /\ Openstack\ Swift\ (Rackspace\ Cloud\ Files,\ Memset\ Memstore,\ OVH)
\ \ \ \\\ "swift"
12\ /\ SSH/SFTP\ Connection
\ \ \ \\\ "sftp"
13\ /\ Yandex\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "yandex"
Storage>\ 13
Yandex\ Client\ Id\ \-\ leave\ blank\ normally.
client_id>
Yandex\ Client\ Secret\ \-\ leave\ blank\ normally.
client_secret>
Remote\ config
Use\ auto\ config?
\ *\ Say\ Y\ if\ not\ sure
\ *\ Say\ N\ if\ you\ are\ working\ on\ a\ remote\ or\ headless\ machine
y)\ Yes
n)\ No
y/n>\ y
If\ your\ browser\ doesn\[aq]t\ open\ automatically\ go\ to\ the\ following\ link:\ http://127.0.0.1:53682/auth
Log\ in\ and\ authorize\ rclone\ for\ access
Waiting\ for\ code...
Got\ code
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
[remote]
client_id\ =
client_secret\ =
token\ =\ {"access_token":"xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx","token_type":"bearer","expiry":"2016\-12\-29T12:27:11.362788025Z"}
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
y)\ Yes\ this\ is\ OK
e)\ Edit\ this\ remote
d)\ Delete\ this\ remote
y/e/d>\ y
\f[]
.fi
.PP
See the remote setup docs (https://rclone.org/remote_setup/) for how to
set it up on a machine with no Internet browser available.
.PP
Note that rclone runs a webserver on your local machine to collect the
token as returned from Yandex Disk.
This only runs from the moment it opens your browser to the moment you
get back the verification code.
This is on \f[C]http://127.0.0.1:53682/\f[] and this it may require you
to unblock it temporarily if you are running a host firewall.
.PP
Once configured you can then use \f[C]rclone\f[] like this,
.PP
See top level directories
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ lsd\ remote:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Make a new directory
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ mkdir\ remote:directory
\f[]
.fi
.PP
List the contents of a directory
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ ls\ remote:directory
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Sync \f[C]/home/local/directory\f[] to the remote path, deleting any
excess files in the path.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ sync\ /home/local/directory\ remote:directory
\f[]
.fi
.SS \-\-fast\-list
.PP
This remote supports \f[C]\-\-fast\-list\f[] which allows you to use
fewer transactions in exchange for more memory.
See the rclone docs (/docs/#fast-list) for more details.
.SS Modified time
.PP
Modified times are supported and are stored accurate to 1 ns in custom
metadata called \f[C]rclone_modified\f[] in RFC3339 with nanoseconds
format.
.SS MD5 checksums
.PP
MD5 checksums are natively supported by Yandex Disk.
.SS Emptying Trash
.PP
If you wish to empty your trash you can use the
\f[C]rclone\ cleanup\ remote:\f[] command which will permanently delete
all your trashed files.
This command does not take any path arguments.
.SS Local Filesystem
.PP
Local paths are specified as normal filesystem paths, eg
\f[C]/path/to/wherever\f[], so
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ sync\ /home/source\ /tmp/destination
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Will sync \f[C]/home/source\f[] to \f[C]/tmp/destination\f[]
.PP
These can be configured into the config file for consistencies sake, but
it is probably easier not to.
.SS Modified time
.PP
Rclone reads and writes the modified time using an accuracy determined
by the OS.
Typically this is 1ns on Linux, 10 ns on Windows and 1 Second on OS X.
.SS Filenames
.PP
Filenames are expected to be encoded in UTF\-8 on disk.
This is the normal case for Windows and OS X.
.PP
There is a bit more uncertainty in the Linux world, but new
distributions will have UTF\-8 encoded files names.
If you are using an old Linux filesystem with non UTF\-8 file names (eg
latin1) then you can use the \f[C]convmv\f[] tool to convert the
filesystem to UTF\-8.
This tool is available in most distributions\[aq] package managers.
.PP
If an invalid (non\-UTF8) filename is read, the invalid characters will
be replaced with the unicode replacement character, \[aq]<5D>\[aq].
\f[C]rclone\f[] will emit a debug message in this case (use \f[C]\-v\f[]
to see), eg
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
Local\ file\ system\ at\ .:\ Replacing\ invalid\ UTF\-8\ characters\ in\ "gro\\xdf"
\f[]
.fi
.SS Long paths on Windows
.PP
Rclone handles long paths automatically, by converting all paths to long
UNC
paths (https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa365247(v=vs.85).aspx#maxpath)
which allows paths up to 32,767 characters.
.PP
This is why you will see that your paths, for instance
\f[C]c:\\files\f[] is converted to the UNC path
\f[C]\\\\?\\c:\\files\f[] in the output, and \f[C]\\\\server\\share\f[]
is converted to \f[C]\\\\?\\UNC\\server\\share\f[].
.PP
However, in rare cases this may cause problems with buggy file system
drivers like EncFS (https://github.com/ncw/rclone/issues/261).
To disable UNC conversion globally, add this to your
\f[C]\&.rclone.conf\f[] file:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
[local]
nounc\ =\ true
\f[]
.fi
.PP
If you want to selectively disable UNC, you can add it to a separate
entry like this:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
[nounc]
type\ =\ local
nounc\ =\ true
\f[]
.fi
.PP
And use rclone like this:
.PP
\f[C]rclone\ copy\ c:\\src\ nounc:z:\\dst\f[]
.PP
This will use UNC paths on \f[C]c:\\src\f[] but not on \f[C]z:\\dst\f[].
Of course this will cause problems if the absolute path length of a file
exceeds 258 characters on z, so only use this option if you have to.
.SS Specific options
.PP
Here are the command line options specific to local storage
.SS \-\-copy\-links, \-L
.PP
Normally rclone will ignore symlinks or junction points (which behave
like symlinks under Windows).
.PP
If you supply this flag then rclone will follow the symlink and copy the
pointed to file or directory.
.PP
This flag applies to all commands.
.PP
For example, supposing you have a directory structure like this
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$\ tree\ /tmp/a
/tmp/a
├──\ b\ \->\ ../b
├──\ expected\ \->\ ../expected
├──\ one
└──\ two
\ \ \ \ └──\ three
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Then you can see the difference with and without the flag like this
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$\ rclone\ ls\ /tmp/a
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 6\ one
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 6\ two/three
\f[]
.fi
.PP
and
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$\ rclone\ \-L\ ls\ /tmp/a
\ \ \ \ \ 4174\ expected
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 6\ one
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 6\ two/three
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 6\ b/two
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 6\ b/one
\f[]
.fi
.SS \-\-local\-no\-check\-updated
.PP
Don\[aq]t check to see if the files change during upload.
.PP
Normally rclone checks the size and modification time of files as they
are being uploaded and aborts with a message which starts
\f[C]can\[aq]t\ copy\ \-\ source\ file\ is\ being\ updated\f[] if the
file changes during upload.
.PP
However on some file systems this modification time check may fail (eg
Glusterfs #2206 (https://github.com/ncw/rclone/issues/2206)) so this
check can be disabled with this flag.
.SS \-\-local\-no\-unicode\-normalization
.PP
This flag is deprecated now.
Rclone no longer normalizes unicode file names, but it compares them
with unicode normalization in the sync routine instead.
.SS \-\-one\-file\-system, \-x
.PP
This tells rclone to stay in the filesystem specified by the root and
not to recurse into different file systems.
.PP
For example if you have a directory hierarchy like this
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
root
├──\ disk1\ \ \ \ \ \-\ disk1\ mounted\ on\ the\ root
│\ \ \ └──\ file3\ \-\ stored\ on\ disk1
├──\ disk2\ \ \ \ \ \-\ disk2\ mounted\ on\ the\ root
│\ \ \ └──\ file4\ \-\ stored\ on\ disk12
├──\ file1\ \ \ \ \ \-\ stored\ on\ the\ root\ disk
└──\ file2\ \ \ \ \ \-\ stored\ on\ the\ root\ disk
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Using \f[C]rclone\ \-\-one\-file\-system\ copy\ root\ remote:\f[] will
only copy \f[C]file1\f[] and \f[C]file2\f[].
Eg
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$\ rclone\ \-q\ \-\-one\-file\-system\ ls\ root
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0\ file1
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0\ file2
\f[]
.fi
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$\ rclone\ \-q\ ls\ root
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0\ disk1/file3
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0\ disk2/file4
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0\ file1
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0\ file2
\f[]
.fi
.PP
\f[B]NB\f[] Rclone (like most unix tools such as \f[C]du\f[],
\f[C]rsync\f[] and \f[C]tar\f[]) treats a bind mount to the same device
as being on the same filesystem.
.PP
\f[B]NB\f[] This flag is only available on Unix based systems.
On systems where it isn\[aq]t supported (eg Windows) it will not appear
as an valid flag.
.SS \-\-skip\-links
.PP
This flag disables warning messages on skipped symlinks or junction
points, as you explicitly acknowledge that they should be skipped.
.SS Changelog
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.42 \- 2018\-06\-16
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
New backends
.IP \[bu] 2
OpenDrive (Oliver Heyme, Jakub Karlicek, ncw)
.IP \[bu] 2
New commands
.IP \[bu] 2
deletefile command (Filip Bartodziej)
.IP \[bu] 2
New Features
.IP \[bu] 2
copy, move: Copy single files directly, don\[aq]t use
\f[C]\-\-files\-from\f[] work\-around
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
this makes them much more efficient
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement \f[C]\-\-max\-transfer\f[] flag to quit transferring at a
limit
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
make exit code 8 for \f[C]\-\-max\-transfer\f[] exceeded
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
copy: copy empty source directories to destination (Ishuah Kariuki)
.IP \[bu] 2
check: Add \f[C]\-\-one\-way\f[] flag (Kasper Byrdal Nielsen)
.IP \[bu] 2
Add siginfo handler for macOS for ctrl\-T stats (kubatasiemski)
.IP \[bu] 2
rc
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
add core/gc to run a garbage collection on demand
.IP \[bu] 2
enable go profiling by default on the \f[C]\-\-rc\f[] port
.IP \[bu] 2
return error from remote on failure
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
lsf
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \f[C]\-\-absolute\f[] flag to add a leading / onto path names
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \f[C]\-\-csv\f[] flag for compliant CSV output
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \[aq]m\[aq] format specifier to show the MimeType
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement \[aq]i\[aq] format for showing object ID
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
lsjson
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Add MimeType to the output
.IP \[bu] 2
Add ID field to output to show Object ID
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \f[C]\-\-retries\-sleep\f[] flag (Benjamin Joseph Dag)
.IP \[bu] 2
Oauth tidy up web page and error handling (Henning Surmeier)
.IP \[bu] 2
Bug Fixes
.IP \[bu] 2
Password prompt output with \f[C]\-\-log\-file\f[] fixed for unix (Filip
Bartodziej)
.IP \[bu] 2
Calculate ModifyWindow each time on the fly to fix various problems
(Stefan Breunig)
.IP \[bu] 2
Mount
.IP \[bu] 2
Only print "File.rename error" if there actually is an error (Stefan
Breunig)
.IP \[bu] 2
Delay rename if file has open writers instead of failing outright
(Stefan Breunig)
.IP \[bu] 2
Ensure atexit gets run on interrupt
.IP \[bu] 2
macOS enhancements
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Make \f[C]\-\-noappledouble\f[] \f[C]\-\-noapplexattr\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \f[C]\-\-volname\f[] flag and remove special chars from it
.IP \[bu] 2
Make Get/List/Set/Remove xattr return ENOSYS for efficiency
.IP \[bu] 2
Make \f[C]\-\-daemon\f[] work for macOS without CGO
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
VFS
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \f[C]\-\-vfs\-read\-chunk\-size\f[] and
\f[C]\-\-vfs\-read\-chunk\-size\-limit\f[] (Fabian Möller)
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix ChangeNotify for new or changed folders (Fabian Möller)
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Local
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix symlink/junction point directory handling under Windows
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[B]NB\f[] you will need to add \f[C]\-L\f[] to your command line to
copy files with reparse points
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Cache
.IP \[bu] 2
Add non cached dirs on notifications (Remus Bunduc)
.IP \[bu] 2
Allow root to be expired from rc (Remus Bunduc)
.IP \[bu] 2
Clean remaining empty folders from temp upload path (Remus Bunduc)
.IP \[bu] 2
Cache lists using batch writes (Remus Bunduc)
.IP \[bu] 2
Use secure websockets for HTTPS Plex addresses (John Clayton)
.IP \[bu] 2
Reconnect plex websocket on failures (Remus Bunduc)
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix panic when running without plex configs (Remus Bunduc)
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix root folder caching (Remus Bunduc)
.IP \[bu] 2
Crypt
.IP \[bu] 2
Check the crypted hash of files when uploading for extra data security
.IP \[bu] 2
Dropbox
.IP \[bu] 2
Make Dropbox for business folders accessible using an initial \f[C]/\f[]
in the path
.IP \[bu] 2
Google Cloud Storage
.IP \[bu] 2
Low level retry all operations if necessary
.IP \[bu] 2
Google Drive
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \f[C]\-\-drive\-acknowledge\-abuse\f[] to download flagged files
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \f[C]\-\-drive\-alternate\-export\f[] to fix large doc export
.IP \[bu] 2
Don\[aq]t attempt to choose Team Drives when using rclone config create
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix change list polling with team drives
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix ChangeNotify for folders (Fabian Möller)
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix about (and df on a mount) for team drives
.IP \[bu] 2
Onedrive
.IP \[bu] 2
Errorhandler for onedrive for business requests (Henning Surmeier)
.IP \[bu] 2
S3
.IP \[bu] 2
Adjust upload concurrency with \f[C]\-\-s3\-upload\-concurrency\f[]
(themylogin)
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix \f[C]\-\-s3\-chunk\-size\f[] which was always using the minimum
.IP \[bu] 2
SFTP
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \f[C]\-\-ssh\-path\-override\f[] flag (Piotr Oleszczyk)
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix slow downloads for long latency connections
.IP \[bu] 2
Webdav
.IP \[bu] 2
Add workarounds for biz.mail.ru
.IP \[bu] 2
Ignore Reason\-Phrase in status line to fix 4shared (Rodrigo)
.IP \[bu] 2
Better error message generation
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.41 \- 2018\-04\-28
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
New backends
.IP \[bu] 2
Mega support added
.IP \[bu] 2
Webdav now supports SharePoint cookie authentication (hensur)
.IP \[bu] 2
New commands
.IP \[bu] 2
link: create public link to files and folders (Stefan Breunig)
.IP \[bu] 2
about: gets quota info from a remote (a\-roussos, ncw)
.IP \[bu] 2
hashsum: a generic tool for any hash to produce md5sum like output
.IP \[bu] 2
New Features
.IP \[bu] 2
lsd: Add \-R flag and fix and update docs for all ls commands
.IP \[bu] 2
ncdu: added a "refresh" key \- CTRL\-L (Keith Goldfarb)
.IP \[bu] 2
serve restic: Add append\-only mode (Steve Kriss)
.IP \[bu] 2
serve restic: Disallow overwriting files in append\-only mode (Alexander
Neumann)
.IP \[bu] 2
serve restic: Print actual listener address (Matt Holt)
.IP \[bu] 2
size: Add \-\-json flag (Matthew Holt)
.IP \[bu] 2
sync: implement \-\-ignore\-errors (Mateusz Pabian)
.IP \[bu] 2
dedupe: Add dedupe largest functionality (Richard Yang)
.IP \[bu] 2
fs: Extend SizeSuffix to include TB and PB for rclone about
.IP \[bu] 2
fs: add \-\-dump goroutines and \-\-dump openfiles for debugging
.IP \[bu] 2
rc: implement core/memstats to print internal memory usage info
.IP \[bu] 2
rc: new call rc/pid (Michael P.
Dubner)
.IP \[bu] 2
Compile
.IP \[bu] 2
Drop support for go1.6
.IP \[bu] 2
Release
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix \f[C]make\ tarball\f[] (Chih\-Hsuan Yen)
.IP \[bu] 2
Bug Fixes
.IP \[bu] 2
filter: fix \-\-min\-age and \-\-max\-age together check
.IP \[bu] 2
fs: limit MaxIdleConns and MaxIdleConnsPerHost in transport
.IP \[bu] 2
lsd,lsf: make sure all times we output are in local time
.IP \[bu] 2
rc: fix setting bwlimit to unlimited
.IP \[bu] 2
rc: take note of the \-\-rc\-addr flag too as per the docs
.IP \[bu] 2
Mount
.IP \[bu] 2
Use About to return the correct disk total/used/free (eg in \f[C]df\f[])
.IP \[bu] 2
Set \f[C]\-\-attr\-timeout\ default\f[] to \f[C]1s\f[] \- fixes:
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
rclone using too much memory
.IP \[bu] 2
rclone not serving files to samba
.IP \[bu] 2
excessive time listing directories
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix \f[C]df\ \-i\f[] (upstream fix)
.IP \[bu] 2
VFS
.IP \[bu] 2
Filter files \f[C]\&.\f[] and \f[C]\&..\f[] from directory listing
.IP \[bu] 2
Only make the VFS cache if \-\-vfs\-cache\-mode > Off
.IP \[bu] 2
Local
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \-\-local\-no\-check\-updated to disable updated file checks
.IP \[bu] 2
Retry remove on Windows sharing violation error
.IP \[bu] 2
Cache
.IP \[bu] 2
Flush the memory cache after close
.IP \[bu] 2
Purge file data on notification
.IP \[bu] 2
Always forget parent dir for notifications
.IP \[bu] 2
Integrate with Plex websocket
.IP \[bu] 2
Add rc cache/stats (seuffert)
.IP \[bu] 2
Add info log on notification
.IP \[bu] 2
Box
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix failure reading large directories \- parse file/directory size as
float
.IP \[bu] 2
Dropbox
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix crypt+obfuscate on dropbox
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix repeatedly uploading the same files
.IP \[bu] 2
FTP
.IP \[bu] 2
Work around strange response from box FTP server
.IP \[bu] 2
More workarounds for FTP servers to fix mkParentDir error
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix no error on listing non\-existent directory
.IP \[bu] 2
Google Cloud Storage
.IP \[bu] 2
Add service_account_credentials (Matt Holt)
.IP \[bu] 2
Detect bucket presence by listing it \- minimises permissions needed
.IP \[bu] 2
Ignore zero length directory markers
.IP \[bu] 2
Google Drive
.IP \[bu] 2
Add service_account_credentials (Matt Holt)
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix directory move leaving a hardlinked directory behind
.IP \[bu] 2
Return proper google errors when Opening files
.IP \[bu] 2
When initialized with a filepath, optional features used incorrect root
path (Stefan Breunig)
.IP \[bu] 2
HTTP
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix sync for servers which don\[aq]t return Content\-Length in HEAD
.IP \[bu] 2
Onedrive
.IP \[bu] 2
Add QuickXorHash support for OneDrive for business
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix socket leak in multipart session upload
.IP \[bu] 2
S3
.IP \[bu] 2
Look in S3 named profile files for credentials
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \f[C]\-\-s3\-disable\-checksum\f[] to disable checksum uploading
(Chris Redekop)
.IP \[bu] 2
Hierarchical configuration support (Giri Badanahatti)
.IP \[bu] 2
Add in config for all the supported S3 providers
.IP \[bu] 2
Add One Zone Infrequent Access storage class (Craig Rachel)
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \-\-use\-server\-modtime support (Peter Baumgartner)
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \-\-s3\-chunk\-size option to control multipart uploads
.IP \[bu] 2
Ignore zero length directory markers
.IP \[bu] 2
SFTP
.IP \[bu] 2
Update docs to match code, fix typos and clarify disable_hashcheck
prompt (Michael G.
Noll)
.IP \[bu] 2
Update docs with Synology quirks
.IP \[bu] 2
Fail soft with a debug on hash failure
.IP \[bu] 2
Swift
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \-\-use\-server\-modtime support (Peter Baumgartner)
.IP \[bu] 2
Webdav
.IP \[bu] 2
Support SharePoint cookie authentication (hensur)
.IP \[bu] 2
Strip leading and trailing / off root
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.40 \- 2018\-03\-19
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
New backends
.IP \[bu] 2
Alias backend to create aliases for existing remote names (Fabian
Möller)
.IP \[bu] 2
New commands
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]lsf\f[]: list for parsing purposes (Jakub Tasiemski)
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
by default this is a simple non recursive list of files and directories
.IP \[bu] 2
it can be configured to add more info in an easy to parse way
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]serve\ restic\f[]: for serving a remote as a Restic REST endpoint
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
This enables restic to use any backends that rclone can access
.IP \[bu] 2
Thanks Alexander Neumann for help, patches and review
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]rc\f[]: enable the remote control of a running rclone
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
The running rclone must be started with \-\-rc and related flags.
.IP \[bu] 2
Currently there is support for bwlimit, and flushing for mount and
cache.
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
New Features
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-max\-delete\f[] flag to add a delete threshold (Bjørn Erik
Pedersen)
.IP \[bu] 2
All backends now support RangeOption for ranged Open
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]cat\f[]: Use RangeOption for limited fetches to make more efficient
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]cryptcheck\f[]: make reading of nonce more efficient with
RangeOption
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
serve http/webdav/restic
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
support SSL/TLS
.IP \[bu] 2
add \f[C]\-\-user\f[] \f[C]\-\-pass\f[] and \f[C]\-\-htpasswd\f[] for
authentication
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]copy\f[]/\f[C]move\f[]: detect file size change during copy/move
and abort transfer (ishuah)
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]cryptdecode\f[]: added option to return encrypted file names.
(ishuah)
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]lsjson\f[]: add \f[C]\-\-encrypted\f[] to show encrypted name
(Jakub Tasiemski)
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \f[C]\-\-stats\-file\-name\-length\f[] to specify the printed file
name length for stats (Will Gunn)
.IP \[bu] 2
Compile
.IP \[bu] 2
Code base was shuffled and factored
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
backends moved into a backend directory
.IP \[bu] 2
large packages split up
.IP \[bu] 2
See the CONTRIBUTING.md doc for info as to what lives where now
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Update to using go1.10 as the default go version
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement daily full integration
tests (https://pub.rclone.org/integration-tests/)
.IP \[bu] 2
Release
.IP \[bu] 2
Include a source tarball and sign it and the binaries
.IP \[bu] 2
Sign the git tags as part of the release process
.IP \[bu] 2
Add .deb and .rpm packages as part of the build
.IP \[bu] 2
Make a beta release for all branches on the main repo (but not pull
requests)
.IP \[bu] 2
Bug Fixes
.IP \[bu] 2
config: fixes errors on non existing config by loading config file only
on first access
.IP \[bu] 2
config: retry saving the config after failure (Mateusz)
.IP \[bu] 2
sync: when using \f[C]\-\-backup\-dir\f[] don\[aq]t delete files if we
can\[aq]t set their modtime
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
this fixes odd behaviour with Dropbox and \f[C]\-\-backup\-dir\f[]
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
fshttp: fix idle timeouts for HTTP connections
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]serve\ http\f[]: fix serving files with : in \- fixes
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix \f[C]\-\-exclude\-if\-present\f[] to ignore directories which it
doesn\[aq]t have permission for (Iakov Davydov)
.IP \[bu] 2
Make accounting work properly with crypt and b2
.IP \[bu] 2
remove \f[C]\-\-no\-traverse\f[] flag because it is obsolete
.IP \[bu] 2
Mount
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \f[C]\-\-attr\-timeout\f[] flag to control attribute caching in
kernel
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
this now defaults to 0 which is correct but less efficient
.IP \[bu] 2
see the mount docs (/commands/rclone_mount/#attribute-caching) for more
info
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \f[C]\-\-daemon\f[] flag to allow mount to run in the background
(ishuah)
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix: Return ENOSYS rather than EIO on attempted link
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
This fixes FileZilla accessing an rclone mount served over sftp.
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix setting modtime twice
.IP \[bu] 2
Mount tests now run on CI for Linux (mount & cmount)/Mac/Windows
.IP \[bu] 2
Many bugs fixed in the VFS layer \- see below
.IP \[bu] 2
VFS
.IP \[bu] 2
Many fixes for \f[C]\-\-vfs\-cache\-mode\f[] writes and above
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Update cached copy if we know it has changed (fixes stale data)
.IP \[bu] 2
Clean path names before using them in the cache
.IP \[bu] 2
Disable cache cleaner if \f[C]\-\-vfs\-cache\-poll\-interval=0\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
Fill and clean the cache immediately on startup
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix Windows opening every file when it stats the file
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix applying modtime for an open Write Handle
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix creation of files when truncating
.IP \[bu] 2
Write 0 bytes when flushing unwritten handles to avoid race conditions
in FUSE
.IP \[bu] 2
Downgrade "poll\-interval is not supported" message to Info
.IP \[bu] 2
Make OpenFile and friends return EINVAL if O_RDONLY and O_TRUNC
.IP \[bu] 2
Local
.IP \[bu] 2
Downgrade "invalid cross\-device link: trying copy" to debug
.IP \[bu] 2
Make DirMove return fs.ErrorCantDirMove to allow fallback to Copy for
cross device
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix race conditions updating the hashes
.IP \[bu] 2
Cache
.IP \[bu] 2
Add support for polling \- cache will update when remote changes on
supported backends
.IP \[bu] 2
Reduce log level for Plex api
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix dir cache issue
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement \f[C]\-\-cache\-db\-wait\-time\f[] flag
.IP \[bu] 2
Improve efficiency with RangeOption and RangeSeek
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix dirmove with temp fs enabled
.IP \[bu] 2
Notify vfs when using temp fs
.IP \[bu] 2
Offline uploading
.IP \[bu] 2
Remote control support for path flushing
.IP \[bu] 2
Amazon cloud drive
.IP \[bu] 2
Rclone no longer has any working keys \- disable integration tests
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement DirChangeNotify to notify cache/vfs/mount of changes
.IP \[bu] 2
Azureblob
.IP \[bu] 2
Don\[aq]t check for bucket/container presense if listing was OK
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
this makes rclone do one less request per invocation
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Improve accounting for chunked uploads
.IP \[bu] 2
Backblaze B2
.IP \[bu] 2
Don\[aq]t check for bucket/container presense if listing was OK
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
this makes rclone do one less request per invocation
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Box
.IP \[bu] 2
Improve accounting for chunked uploads
.IP \[bu] 2
Dropbox
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix custom oauth client parameters
.IP \[bu] 2
Google Cloud Storage
.IP \[bu] 2
Don\[aq]t check for bucket/container presense if listing was OK
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
this makes rclone do one less request per invocation
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Google Drive
.IP \[bu] 2
Migrate to api v3 (Fabian Möller)
.IP \[bu] 2
Add scope configuration and root folder selection
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \f[C]\-\-drive\-impersonate\f[] for service accounts
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
thanks to everyone who tested, explored and contributed docs
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \f[C]\-\-drive\-use\-created\-date\f[] to use created date as
modified date (nbuchanan)
.IP \[bu] 2
Request the export formats only when required
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
This makes rclone quicker when there are no google docs
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix finding paths with latin1 chars (a workaround for a drive bug)
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix copying of a single Google doc file
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix \f[C]\-\-drive\-auth\-owner\-only\f[] to look in all directories
.IP \[bu] 2
HTTP
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix handling of directories with & in
.IP \[bu] 2
Onedrive
.IP \[bu] 2
Removed upload cutoff and always do session uploads
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
this stops the creation of multiple versions on business onedrive
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Overwrite object size value with real size when reading file.
(Victor)
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
this fixes oddities when onedrive misreports the size of images
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Pcloud
.IP \[bu] 2
Remove unused chunked upload flag and code
.IP \[bu] 2
Qingstor
.IP \[bu] 2
Don\[aq]t check for bucket/container presense if listing was OK
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
this makes rclone do one less request per invocation
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
S3
.IP \[bu] 2
Support hashes for multipart files (Chris Redekop)
.IP \[bu] 2
Initial support for IBM COS (S3) (Giri Badanahatti)
.IP \[bu] 2
Update docs to discourage use of v2 auth with CEPH and others
.IP \[bu] 2
Don\[aq]t check for bucket/container presense if listing was OK
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
this makes rclone do one less request per invocation
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix server side copy and set modtime on files with + in
.IP \[bu] 2
SFTP
.IP \[bu] 2
Add option to disable remote hash check command execution (Jon Fautley)
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \f[C]\-\-sftp\-ask\-password\f[] flag to prompt for password when
needed (Leo R.
Lundgren)
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \f[C]set_modtime\f[] configuration option
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix following of symlinks
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix reading config file outside of Fs setup
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix reading $USER in username fallback not $HOME
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix running under crontab \- Use correct OS way of reading username
.IP \[bu] 2
Swift
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix refresh of authentication token
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
in v1.39 a bug was introduced which ignored new tokens \- this fixes it
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix extra HEAD transaction when uploading a new file
.IP \[bu] 2
Don\[aq]t check for bucket/container presense if listing was OK
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
this makes rclone do one less request per invocation
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Webdav
.IP \[bu] 2
Add new time formats to support mydrive.ch and others
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.39 \- 2017\-12\-23
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
New backends
.IP \[bu] 2
WebDAV
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
tested with nextcloud, owncloud, put.io and others!
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Pcloud
.IP \[bu] 2
cache \- wraps a cache around other backends (Remus Bunduc)
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
useful in combination with mount
.IP \[bu] 2
NB this feature is in beta so use with care
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
New commands
.IP \[bu] 2
serve command with subcommands:
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
serve webdav: this implements a webdav server for any rclone remote.
.IP \[bu] 2
serve http: command to serve a remote over HTTP
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
config: add sub commands for full config file management
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
create/delete/dump/edit/file/password/providers/show/update
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
touch: to create or update the timestamp of a file (Jakub Tasiemski)
.IP \[bu] 2
New Features
.IP \[bu] 2
curl install for rclone (Filip Bartodziej)
.IP \[bu] 2
\-\-stats now shows percentage, size, rate and ETA in condensed form
(Ishuah Kariuki)
.IP \[bu] 2
\-\-exclude\-if\-present to exclude a directory if a file is present
(Iakov Davydov)
.IP \[bu] 2
rmdirs: add \-\-leave\-root flag (lewpam)
.IP \[bu] 2
move: add \-\-delete\-empty\-src\-dirs flag to remove dirs after move
(Ishuah Kariuki)
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \-\-dump flag, introduce \-\-dump requests, responses and remove
\-\-dump\-auth, \-\-dump\-filters
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Obscure X\-Auth\-Token: from headers when dumping too
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Document and implement exit codes for different failure modes (Ishuah
Kariuki)
.IP \[bu] 2
Compile
.IP \[bu] 2
Bug Fixes
.IP \[bu] 2
Retry lots more different types of errors to make multipart transfers
more reliable
.IP \[bu] 2
Save the config before asking for a token, fixes disappearing oauth
config
.IP \[bu] 2
Warn the user if \-\-include and \-\-exclude are used together (Ernest
Borowski)
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix duplicate files (eg on Google drive) causing spurious copies
.IP \[bu] 2
Allow trailing and leading whitespace for passwords (Jason Rose)
.IP \[bu] 2
ncdu: fix crashes on empty directories
.IP \[bu] 2
rcat: fix goroutine leak
.IP \[bu] 2
moveto/copyto: Fix to allow copying to the same name
.IP \[bu] 2
Mount
.IP \[bu] 2
\-\-vfs\-cache mode to make writes into mounts more reliable.
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
this requires caching files on the disk (see \-\-cache\-dir)
.IP \[bu] 2
As this is a new feature, use with care
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Use sdnotify to signal systemd the mount is ready (Fabian Möller)
.IP \[bu] 2
Check if directory is not empty before mounting (Ernest Borowski)
.IP \[bu] 2
Local
.IP \[bu] 2
Add error message for cross file system moves
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix equality check for times
.IP \[bu] 2
Dropbox
.IP \[bu] 2
Rework multipart upload
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
buffer the chunks when uploading large files so they can be retried
.IP \[bu] 2
change default chunk size to 48MB now we are buffering them in memory
.IP \[bu] 2
retry every error after the first chunk is done successfully
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix error when renaming directories
.IP \[bu] 2
Swift
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix crash on bad authentication
.IP \[bu] 2
Google Drive
.IP \[bu] 2
Add service account support (Tim Cooijmans)
.IP \[bu] 2
S3
.IP \[bu] 2
Make it work properly with Digital Ocean Spaces (Andrew
Starr\-Bochicchio)
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix crash if a bad listing is received
.IP \[bu] 2
Add support for ECS task IAM roles (David Minor)
.IP \[bu] 2
Backblaze B2
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix multipart upload retries
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix \-\-hard\-delete to make it work 100% of the time
.IP \[bu] 2
Swift
.IP \[bu] 2
Allow authentication with storage URL and auth key (Giovanni Pizzi)
.IP \[bu] 2
Add new fields for swift configuration to support IBM Bluemix Swift
(Pierre Carlson)
.IP \[bu] 2
Add OS_TENANT_ID and OS_USER_ID to config
.IP \[bu] 2
Allow configs with user id instead of user name
.IP \[bu] 2
Check if swift segments container exists before creating (John Leach)
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix memory leak in swift transfers (upstream fix)
.IP \[bu] 2
SFTP
.IP \[bu] 2
Add option to enable the use of aes128\-cbc cipher (Jon Fautley)
.IP \[bu] 2
Amazon cloud drive
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix download of large files failing with "Only one auth mechanism
allowed"
.IP \[bu] 2
crypt
.IP \[bu] 2
Option to encrypt directory names or leave them intact
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement DirChangeNotify (Fabian Möller)
.IP \[bu] 2
onedrive
.IP \[bu] 2
Add option to choose resourceURL during setup of OneDrive Business
account if more than one is available for user
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.38 \- 2017\-09\-30
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
New backends
.IP \[bu] 2
Azure Blob Storage (thanks Andrei Dragomir)
.IP \[bu] 2
Box
.IP \[bu] 2
Onedrive for Business (thanks Oliver Heyme)
.IP \[bu] 2
QingStor from QingCloud (thanks wuyu)
.IP \[bu] 2
New commands
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]rcat\f[] \- read from standard input and stream upload
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]tree\f[] \- shows a nicely formatted recursive listing
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]cryptdecode\f[] \- decode crypted file names (thanks ishuah)
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]config\ show\f[] \- print the config file
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]config\ file\f[] \- print the config file location
.IP \[bu] 2
New Features
.IP \[bu] 2
Empty directories are deleted on \f[C]sync\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]dedupe\f[] \- implement merging of duplicate directories
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]check\f[] and \f[C]cryptcheck\f[] made more consistent and use less
memory
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]cleanup\f[] for remaining remotes (thanks ishuah)
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-immutable\f[] for ensuring that files don\[aq]t change (thanks
Jacob McNamee)
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-user\-agent\f[] option (thanks Alex McGrath Kraak)
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-disable\f[] flag to disable optional features
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-bind\f[] flag for choosing the local addr on outgoing
connections
.IP \[bu] 2
Support for zsh auto\-completion (thanks bpicode)
.IP \[bu] 2
Stop normalizing file names but do a normalized compare in \f[C]sync\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
Compile
.IP \[bu] 2
Update to using go1.9 as the default go version
.IP \[bu] 2
Remove snapd build due to maintenance problems
.IP \[bu] 2
Bug Fixes
.IP \[bu] 2
Improve retriable error detection which makes multipart uploads better
.IP \[bu] 2
Make \f[C]check\f[] obey \f[C]\-\-ignore\-size\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix bwlimit toggle in conjunction with schedules (thanks cbruegg)
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]config\f[] ensures newly written config is on the same mount
.IP \[bu] 2
Local
.IP \[bu] 2
Revert to copy when moving file across file system boundaries
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-skip\-links\f[] to suppress symlink warnings (thanks Zhiming
Wang)
.IP \[bu] 2
Mount
.IP \[bu] 2
Re\-use \f[C]rcat\f[] internals to support uploads from all remotes
.IP \[bu] 2
Dropbox
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix "entry doesn\[aq]t belong in directory" error
.IP \[bu] 2
Stop using deprecated API methods
.IP \[bu] 2
Swift
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix server side copy to empty container with \f[C]\-\-fast\-list\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
Google Drive
.IP \[bu] 2
Change the default for \f[C]\-\-drive\-use\-trash\f[] to \f[C]true\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
S3
.IP \[bu] 2
Set session token when using STS (thanks Girish Ramakrishnan)
.IP \[bu] 2
Glacier docs and error messages (thanks Jan Varho)
.IP \[bu] 2
Read 1000 (not 1024) items in dir listings to fix Wasabi
.IP \[bu] 2
Backblaze B2
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix SHA1 mismatch when downloading files with no SHA1
.IP \[bu] 2
Calculate missing hashes on the fly instead of spooling
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-b2\-hard\-delete\f[] to permanently delete (not hide) files
(thanks John Papandriopoulos)
.IP \[bu] 2
Hubic
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix creating containers \- no longer have to use the \f[C]default\f[]
container
.IP \[bu] 2
Swift
.IP \[bu] 2
Optionally configure from a standard set of OpenStack environment vars
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \f[C]endpoint_type\f[] config
.IP \[bu] 2
Google Cloud Storage
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix bucket creation to work with limited permission users
.IP \[bu] 2
SFTP
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement connection pooling for multiple ssh connections
.IP \[bu] 2
Limit new connections per second
.IP \[bu] 2
Add support for MD5 and SHA1 hashes where available (thanks Christian
Brüggemann)
.IP \[bu] 2
HTTP
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix URL encoding issues
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix directories with \f[C]:\f[] in
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix panic with URL encoded content
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.37 \- 2017\-07\-22
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
New backends
.IP \[bu] 2
FTP \- thanks to Antonio Messina
.IP \[bu] 2
HTTP \- thanks to Vasiliy Tolstov
.IP \[bu] 2
New commands
.IP \[bu] 2
rclone ncdu \- for exploring a remote with a text based user interface.
.IP \[bu] 2
rclone lsjson \- for listing with a machine readable output
.IP \[bu] 2
rclone dbhashsum \- to show Dropbox style hashes of files (local or
Dropbox)
.IP \[bu] 2
New Features
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement \-\-fast\-list flag
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
This allows remotes to list recursively if they can
.IP \[bu] 2
This uses less transactions (important if you pay for them)
.IP \[bu] 2
This may or may not be quicker
.IP \[bu] 2
This will use more memory as it has to hold the listing in memory
.IP \[bu] 2
\-\-old\-sync\-method deprecated \- the remaining uses are covered by
\-\-fast\-list
.IP \[bu] 2
This involved a major re\-write of all the listing code
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \-\-tpslimit and \-\-tpslimit\-burst to limit transactions per
second
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
this is useful in conjuction with \f[C]rclone\ mount\f[] to limit
external apps
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \-\-stats\-log\-level so can see \-\-stats without \-v
.IP \[bu] 2
Print password prompts to stderr \- Hraban Luyat
.IP \[bu] 2
Warn about duplicate files when syncing
.IP \[bu] 2
Oauth improvements
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
allow auth_url and token_url to be set in the config file
.IP \[bu] 2
Print redirection URI if using own credentials.
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Don\[aq]t Mkdir at the start of sync to save transactions
.IP \[bu] 2
Compile
.IP \[bu] 2
Update build to go1.8.3
.IP \[bu] 2
Require go1.6 for building rclone
.IP \[bu] 2
Compile 386 builds with "GO386=387" for maximum compatibility
.IP \[bu] 2
Bug Fixes
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix menu selection when no remotes
.IP \[bu] 2
Config saving reworked to not kill the file if disk gets full
.IP \[bu] 2
Don\[aq]t delete remote if name does not change while renaming
.IP \[bu] 2
moveto, copyto: report transfers and checks as per move and copy
.IP \[bu] 2
Local
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \-\-local\-no\-unicode\-normalization flag \- Bob Potter
.IP \[bu] 2
Mount
.IP \[bu] 2
Now supported on Windows using cgofuse and WinFsp \- thanks to Bill
Zissimopoulos for much help
.IP \[bu] 2
Compare checksums on upload/download via FUSE
.IP \[bu] 2
Unmount when program ends with SIGINT (Ctrl+C) or SIGTERM \- Jérôme
Vizcaino
.IP \[bu] 2
On read only open of file, make open pending until first read
.IP \[bu] 2
Make \-\-read\-only reject modify operations
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement ModTime via FUSE for remotes that support it
.IP \[bu] 2
Allow modTime to be changed even before all writers are closed
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix panic on renames
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix hang on errored upload
.IP \[bu] 2
Crypt
.IP \[bu] 2
Report the name:root as specified by the user
.IP \[bu] 2
Add an "obfuscate" option for filename encryption \- Stephen Harris
.IP \[bu] 2
Amazon Drive
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix initialization order for token renewer
.IP \[bu] 2
Remove revoked credentials, allow oauth proxy config and update docs
.IP \[bu] 2
B2
.IP \[bu] 2
Reduce minimum chunk size to 5MB
.IP \[bu] 2
Drive
.IP \[bu] 2
Add team drive support
.IP \[bu] 2
Reduce bandwidth by adding fields for partial responses \- Martin
Kristensen
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement \-\-drive\-shared\-with\-me flag to view shared with me files
\- Danny Tsai
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \-\-drive\-trashed\-only to read only the files in the trash
.IP \[bu] 2
Remove obsolete \-\-drive\-full\-list
.IP \[bu] 2
Add missing seek to start on retries of chunked uploads
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix stats accounting for upload
.IP \[bu] 2
Convert / in names to a unicode equivalent (／)
.IP \[bu] 2
Poll for Google Drive changes when mounted
.IP \[bu] 2
OneDrive
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix the uploading of files with spaces
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix initialization order for token renewer
.IP \[bu] 2
Display speeds accurately when uploading \- Yoni Jah
.IP \[bu] 2
Swap to using http://localhost:53682/ as redirect URL \- Michael Ledin
.IP \[bu] 2
Retry on token expired error, reset upload body on retry \- Yoni Jah
.IP \[bu] 2
Google Cloud Storage
.IP \[bu] 2
Add ability to specify location and storage class via config and command
line \- thanks gdm85
.IP \[bu] 2
Create container if necessary on server side copy
.IP \[bu] 2
Increase directory listing chunk to 1000 to increase performance
.IP \[bu] 2
Obtain a refresh token for GCS \- Steven Lu
.IP \[bu] 2
Yandex
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix the name reported in log messages (was empty)
.IP \[bu] 2
Correct error return for listing empty directory
.IP \[bu] 2
Dropbox
.IP \[bu] 2
Rewritten to use the v2 API
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Now supports ModTime
.IP \[bu] 2
Can only set by uploading the file again
.IP \[bu] 2
If you uploaded with an old rclone, rclone may upload everything again
.IP \[bu] 2
Use \f[C]\-\-size\-only\f[] or \f[C]\-\-checksum\f[] to avoid this
.IP \[bu] 2
Now supports the Dropbox content hashing scheme
.IP \[bu] 2
Now supports low level retries
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
S3
.IP \[bu] 2
Work around eventual consistency in bucket creation
.IP \[bu] 2
Create container if necessary on server side copy
.IP \[bu] 2
Add us\-east\-2 (Ohio) and eu\-west\-2 (London) S3 regions \- Zahiar
Ahmed
.IP \[bu] 2
Swift, Hubic
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix zero length directory markers showing in the subdirectory listing
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
this caused lots of duplicate transfers
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix paged directory listings
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
this caused duplicate directory errors
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Create container if necessary on server side copy
.IP \[bu] 2
Increase directory listing chunk to 1000 to increase performance
.IP \[bu] 2
Make sensible error if the user forgets the container
.IP \[bu] 2
SFTP
.IP \[bu] 2
Add support for using ssh key files
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix under Windows
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix ssh agent on Windows
.IP \[bu] 2
Adapt to latest version of library \- Igor Kharin
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.36 \- 2017\-03\-18
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
New Features
.IP \[bu] 2
SFTP remote (Jack Schmidt)
.IP \[bu] 2
Re\-implement sync routine to work a directory at a time reducing memory
usage
.IP \[bu] 2
Logging revamped to be more inline with rsync \- now much quieter
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
\-v only shows transfers
.IP \[bu] 2
\-vv is for full debug
.IP \[bu] 2
\-\-syslog to log to syslog on capable platforms
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement \-\-backup\-dir and \-\-suffix
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement \-\-track\-renames (initial implementation by Bjørn Erik
Pedersen)
.IP \[bu] 2
Add time\-based bandwidth limits (Lukas Loesche)
.IP \[bu] 2
rclone cryptcheck: checks integrity of crypt remotes
.IP \[bu] 2
Allow all config file variables and options to be set from environment
variables
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \-\-buffer\-size parameter to control buffer size for copy
.IP \[bu] 2
Make \-\-delete\-after the default
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \-\-ignore\-checksum flag (fixed by Hisham Zarka)
.IP \[bu] 2
rclone check: Add \-\-download flag to check all the data, not just
hashes
.IP \[bu] 2
rclone cat: add \-\-head, \-\-tail, \-\-offset, \-\-count and
\-\-discard
.IP \[bu] 2
rclone config: when choosing from a list, allow the value to be entered
too
.IP \[bu] 2
rclone config: allow rename and copy of remotes
.IP \[bu] 2
rclone obscure: for generating encrypted passwords for rclone\[aq]s
config (T.C.
Ferguson)
.IP \[bu] 2
Comply with XDG Base Directory specification (Dario Giovannetti)
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
this moves the default location of the config file in a backwards
compatible way
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Release changes
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Ubuntu snap support (Dedsec1)
.IP \[bu] 2
Compile with go 1.8
.IP \[bu] 2
MIPS/Linux big and little endian support
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Bug Fixes
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix copyto copying things to the wrong place if the destination dir
didn\[aq]t exist
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix parsing of remotes in moveto and copyto
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix \-\-delete\-before deleting files on copy
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix \-\-files\-from with an empty file copying everything
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix sync: don\[aq]t update mod times if \-\-dry\-run set
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix MimeType propagation
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix filters to add ** rules to directory rules
.IP \[bu] 2
Local
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement \-L, \-\-copy\-links flag to allow rclone to follow symlinks
.IP \[bu] 2
Open files in write only mode so rclone can write to an rclone mount
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix unnormalised unicode causing problems reading directories
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix interaction between \-x flag and \-\-max\-depth
.IP \[bu] 2
Mount
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement proper directory handling (mkdir, rmdir, renaming)
.IP \[bu] 2
Make include and exclude filters apply to mount
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement read and write async buffers \- control with \-\-buffer\-size
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix fsync on for directories
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix retry on network failure when reading off crypt
.IP \[bu] 2
Crypt
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \-\-crypt\-show\-mapping to show encrypted file mapping
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix crypt writer getting stuck in a loop
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[B]IMPORTANT\f[] this bug had the potential to cause data corruption
when
.IP \[bu] 2
reading data from a network based remote and
.IP \[bu] 2
writing to a crypt on Google Drive
.IP \[bu] 2
Use the cryptcheck command to validate your data if you are concerned
.IP \[bu] 2
If syncing two crypt remotes, sync the unencrypted remote
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Amazon Drive
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix panics on Move (rename)
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix panic on token expiry
.IP \[bu] 2
B2
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix inconsistent listings and rclone check
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix uploading empty files with go1.8
.IP \[bu] 2
Constrain memory usage when doing multipart uploads
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix upload url not being refreshed properly
.IP \[bu] 2
Drive
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix Rmdir on directories with trashed files
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix "Ignoring unknown object" when downloading
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \-\-drive\-list\-chunk
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \-\-drive\-skip\-gdocs (Károly Oláh)
.IP \[bu] 2
OneDrive
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement Move
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix Copy
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix overwrite detection in Copy
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix waitForJob to parse errors correctly
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Use token renewer to stop auth errors on long uploads
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix uploading empty files with go1.8
.IP \[bu] 2
Google Cloud Storage
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix depth 1 directory listings
.IP \[bu] 2
Yandex
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix single level directory listing
.IP \[bu] 2
Dropbox
.IP \[bu] 2
Normalise the case for single level directory listings
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix depth 1 listing
.IP \[bu] 2
S3
.IP \[bu] 2
Added ca\-central\-1 region (Jon Yergatian)
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.35 \- 2017\-01\-02
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
New Features
.IP \[bu] 2
moveto and copyto commands for choosing a destination name on copy/move
.IP \[bu] 2
rmdirs command to recursively delete empty directories
.IP \[bu] 2
Allow repeated \-\-include/\-\-exclude/\-\-filter options
.IP \[bu] 2
Only show transfer stats on commands which transfer stuff
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
show stats on any command using the \f[C]\-\-stats\f[] flag
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Allow overlapping directories in move when server side dir move is
supported
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \-\-stats\-unit option \- thanks Scott McGillivray
.IP \[bu] 2
Bug Fixes
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix the config file being overwritten when two rclones are running
.IP \[bu] 2
Make rclone lsd obey the filters properly
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix compilation on mips
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix not transferring files that don\[aq]t differ in size
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix panic on nil retry/fatal error
.IP \[bu] 2
Mount
.IP \[bu] 2
Retry reads on error \- should help with reliability a lot
.IP \[bu] 2
Report the modification times for directories from the remote
.IP \[bu] 2
Add bandwidth accounting and limiting (fixes \-\-bwlimit)
.IP \[bu] 2
If \-\-stats provided will show stats and which files are transferring
.IP \[bu] 2
Support R/W files if truncate is set.
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement statfs interface so df works
.IP \[bu] 2
Note that write is now supported on Amazon Drive
.IP \[bu] 2
Report number of blocks in a file \- thanks Stefan Breunig
.IP \[bu] 2
Crypt
.IP \[bu] 2
Prevent the user pointing crypt at itself
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix failed to authenticate decrypted block errors
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
these will now return the underlying unexpected EOF instead
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Amazon Drive
.IP \[bu] 2
Add support for server side move and directory move \- thanks Stefan
Breunig
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix nil pointer deref on size attribute
.IP \[bu] 2
B2
.IP \[bu] 2
Use new prefix and delimiter parameters in directory listings
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
This makes \-\-max\-depth 1 dir listings as used in mount much faster
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Reauth the account while doing uploads too \- should help with token
expiry
.IP \[bu] 2
Drive
.IP \[bu] 2
Make DirMove more efficient and complain about moving the root
.IP \[bu] 2
Create destination directory on Move()
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.34 \- 2016\-11\-06
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
New Features
.IP \[bu] 2
Stop single file and \f[C]\-\-files\-from\f[] operations iterating
through the source bucket.
.IP \[bu] 2
Stop removing failed upload to cloud storage remotes
.IP \[bu] 2
Make ContentType be preserved for cloud to cloud copies
.IP \[bu] 2
Add support to toggle bandwidth limits via SIGUSR2 \- thanks Marco
Paganini
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]rclone\ check\f[] shows count of hashes that couldn\[aq]t be
checked
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]rclone\ listremotes\f[] command
.IP \[bu] 2
Support linux/arm64 build \- thanks Fredrik Fornwall
.IP \[bu] 2
Remove \f[C]Authorization:\f[] lines from \f[C]\-\-dump\-headers\f[]
output
.IP \[bu] 2
Bug Fixes
.IP \[bu] 2
Ignore files with control characters in the names
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix \f[C]rclone\ move\f[] command
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Delete src files which already existed in dst
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix deletion of src file when dst file older
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix \f[C]rclone\ check\f[] on crypted file systems
.IP \[bu] 2
Make failed uploads not count as "Transferred"
.IP \[bu] 2
Make sure high level retries show with \f[C]\-q\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
Use a vendor directory with godep for repeatable builds
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]rclone\ mount\f[] \- FUSE
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement FUSE mount options
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-no\-modtime\f[], \f[C]\-\-debug\-fuse\f[],
\f[C]\-\-read\-only\f[], \f[C]\-\-allow\-non\-empty\f[],
\f[C]\-\-allow\-root\f[], \f[C]\-\-allow\-other\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-default\-permissions\f[], \f[C]\-\-write\-back\-cache\f[],
\f[C]\-\-max\-read\-ahead\f[], \f[C]\-\-umask\f[], \f[C]\-\-uid\f[],
\f[C]\-\-gid\f[]
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \f[C]\-\-dir\-cache\-time\f[] to control caching of directory
entries
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement seek for files opened for read (useful for video players)
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
with \f[C]\-no\-seek\f[] flag to disable
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix crash on 32 bit ARM (alignment of 64 bit counter)
.IP \[bu] 2
\&...and many more internal fixes and improvements!
.IP \[bu] 2
Crypt
.IP \[bu] 2
Don\[aq]t show encrypted password in configurator to stop confusion
.IP \[bu] 2
Amazon Drive
.IP \[bu] 2
New wait for upload option \f[C]\-\-acd\-upload\-wait\-per\-gb\f[]
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
upload timeouts scale by file size and can be disabled
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Add 502 Bad Gateway to list of errors we retry
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix overwriting a file with a zero length file
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix ACD file size warning limit \- thanks Felix Bünemann
.IP \[bu] 2
Local
.IP \[bu] 2
Unix: implement \f[C]\-x\f[]/\f[C]\-\-one\-file\-system\f[] to stay on a
single file system
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
thanks Durval Menezes and Luiz Carlos Rumbelsperger Viana
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Windows: ignore the symlink bit on files
.IP \[bu] 2
Windows: Ignore directory based junction points
.IP \[bu] 2
B2
.IP \[bu] 2
Make sure each upload has at least one upload slot \- fixes strange
upload stats
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix uploads when using crypt
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix download of large files (sha1 mismatch)
.IP \[bu] 2
Return error when we try to create a bucket which someone else owns
.IP \[bu] 2
Update B2 docs with Data usage, and Crypt section \- thanks Tomasz Mazur
.IP \[bu] 2
S3
.IP \[bu] 2
Command line and config file support for
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Setting/overriding ACL \- thanks Radek Senfeld
.IP \[bu] 2
Setting storage class \- thanks Asko Tamm
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Drive
.IP \[bu] 2
Make exponential backoff work exactly as per Google specification
.IP \[bu] 2
add \f[C]\&.epub\f[], \f[C]\&.odp\f[] and \f[C]\&.tsv\f[] as export
formats.
.IP \[bu] 2
Swift
.IP \[bu] 2
Don\[aq]t read metadata for directory marker objects
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.33 \- 2016\-08\-24
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
New Features
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement encryption
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
data encrypted in NACL secretbox format
.IP \[bu] 2
with optional file name encryption
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
New commands
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
rclone mount \- implements FUSE mounting of remotes (EXPERIMENTAL)
.IP \[bu] 2
works on Linux, FreeBSD and OS X (need testers for the last 2!)
.IP \[bu] 2
rclone cat \- outputs remote file or files to the terminal
.IP \[bu] 2
rclone genautocomplete \- command to make a bash completion script for
rclone
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Editing a remote using \f[C]rclone\ config\f[] now goes through the
wizard
.IP \[bu] 2
Compile with go 1.7 \- this fixes rclone on macOS Sierra and on 386
processors
.IP \[bu] 2
Use cobra for sub commands and docs generation
.IP \[bu] 2
drive
.IP \[bu] 2
Document how to make your own client_id
.IP \[bu] 2
s3
.IP \[bu] 2
User\-configurable Amazon S3 ACL (thanks Radek Šenfeld)
.IP \[bu] 2
b2
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix stats accounting for upload \- no more jumping to 100% done
.IP \[bu] 2
On cleanup delete hide marker if it is the current file
.IP \[bu] 2
New B2 API endpoint (thanks Per Cederberg)
.IP \[bu] 2
Set maximum backoff to 5 Minutes
.IP \[bu] 2
onedrive
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix URL escaping in file names \- eg uploading files with \f[C]+\f[] in
them.
.IP \[bu] 2
amazon cloud drive
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix token expiry during large uploads
.IP \[bu] 2
Work around 408 REQUEST_TIMEOUT and 504 GATEWAY_TIMEOUT errors
.IP \[bu] 2
local
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix filenames with invalid UTF\-8 not being uploaded
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix problem with some UTF\-8 characters on OS X
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.32 \- 2016\-07\-13
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Backblaze B2
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix upload of files large files not in root
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.31 \- 2016\-07\-13
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
New Features
.IP \[bu] 2
Reduce memory on sync by about 50%
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement \-\-no\-traverse flag to stop copy traversing the destination
remote.
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
This can be used to reduce memory usage down to the smallest possible.
.IP \[bu] 2
Useful to copy a small number of files into a large destination folder.
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement cleanup command for emptying trash / removing old versions of
files
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Currently B2 only
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Single file handling improved
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Now copied with \-\-files\-from
.IP \[bu] 2
Automatically sets \-\-no\-traverse when copying a single file
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Info on using installing with ansible \- thanks Stefan Weichinger
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement \-\-no\-update\-modtime flag to stop rclone fixing the remote
modified times.
.IP \[bu] 2
Bug Fixes
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix move command \- stop it running for overlapping Fses \- this was
causing data loss.
.IP \[bu] 2
Local
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix incomplete hashes \- this was causing problems for B2.
.IP \[bu] 2
Amazon Drive
.IP \[bu] 2
Rename Amazon Cloud Drive to Amazon Drive \- no changes to config file
needed.
.IP \[bu] 2
Swift
.IP \[bu] 2
Add support for non\-default project domain \- thanks Antonio Messina.
.IP \[bu] 2
S3
.IP \[bu] 2
Add instructions on how to use rclone with minio.
.IP \[bu] 2
Add ap\-northeast\-2 (Seoul) and ap\-south\-1 (Mumbai) regions.
.IP \[bu] 2
Skip setting the modified time for objects > 5GB as it isn\[aq]t
possible.
.IP \[bu] 2
Backblaze B2
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \-\-b2\-versions flag so old versions can be listed and retreived.
.IP \[bu] 2
Treat 403 errors (eg cap exceeded) as fatal.
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement cleanup command for deleting old file versions.
.IP \[bu] 2
Make error handling compliant with B2 integrations notes.
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix handling of token expiry.
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement \-\-b2\-test\-mode to set \f[C]X\-Bz\-Test\-Mode\f[] header.
.IP \[bu] 2
Set cutoff for chunked upload to 200MB as per B2 guidelines.
.IP \[bu] 2
Make upload multi\-threaded.
.IP \[bu] 2
Dropbox
.IP \[bu] 2
Don\[aq]t retry 461 errors.
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.30 \- 2016\-06\-18
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
New Features
.IP \[bu] 2
Directory listing code reworked for more features and better error
reporting (thanks to Klaus Post for help).
This enables
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Directory include filtering for efficiency
.IP \[bu] 2
\-\-max\-depth parameter
.IP \[bu] 2
Better error reporting
.IP \[bu] 2
More to come
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Retry more errors
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \-\-ignore\-size flag \- for uploading images to onedrive
.IP \[bu] 2
Log \-v output to stdout by default
.IP \[bu] 2
Display the transfer stats in more human readable form
.IP \[bu] 2
Make 0 size files specifiable with \f[C]\-\-max\-size\ 0b\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \f[C]b\f[] suffix so we can specify bytes in \-\-bwlimit,
\-\-min\-size etc
.IP \[bu] 2
Use "password:" instead of "password>" prompt \- thanks Klaus Post and
Leigh Klotz
.IP \[bu] 2
Bug Fixes
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix retry doing one too many retries
.IP \[bu] 2
Local
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix problems with OS X and UTF\-8 characters
.IP \[bu] 2
Amazon Drive
.IP \[bu] 2
Check a file exists before uploading to help with 408 Conflict errors
.IP \[bu] 2
Reauth on 401 errors \- this has been causing a lot of problems
.IP \[bu] 2
Work around spurious 403 errors
.IP \[bu] 2
Restart directory listings on error
.IP \[bu] 2
Google Drive
.IP \[bu] 2
Check a file exists before uploading to help with duplicates
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix retry of multipart uploads
.IP \[bu] 2
Backblaze B2
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement large file uploading
.IP \[bu] 2
S3
.IP \[bu] 2
Add AES256 server\-side encryption for \- thanks Justin R.
Wilson
.IP \[bu] 2
Google Cloud Storage
.IP \[bu] 2
Make sure we don\[aq]t use conflicting content types on upload
.IP \[bu] 2
Add service account support \- thanks Michal Witkowski
.IP \[bu] 2
Swift
.IP \[bu] 2
Add auth version parameter
.IP \[bu] 2
Add domain option for openstack (v3 auth) \- thanks Fabian Ruff
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.29 \- 2016\-04\-18
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
New Features
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement \f[C]\-I,\ \-\-ignore\-times\f[] for unconditional upload
.IP \[bu] 2
Improve \f[C]dedupe\f[]command
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Now removes identical copies without asking
.IP \[bu] 2
Now obeys \f[C]\-\-dry\-run\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement \f[C]\-\-dedupe\-mode\f[] for non interactive running
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-dedupe\-mode\ interactive\f[] \- interactive the default.
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-dedupe\-mode\ skip\f[] \- removes identical files then skips
anything left.
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-dedupe\-mode\ first\f[] \- removes identical files then keeps
the first one.
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-dedupe\-mode\ newest\f[] \- removes identical files then keeps
the newest one.
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-dedupe\-mode\ oldest\f[] \- removes identical files then keeps
the oldest one.
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-dedupe\-mode\ rename\f[] \- removes identical files then
renames the rest to be different.
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Bug fixes
.IP \[bu] 2
Make rclone check obey the \f[C]\-\-size\-only\f[] flag.
.IP \[bu] 2
Use "application/octet\-stream" if discovered mime type is invalid.
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix missing "quit" option when there are no remotes.
.IP \[bu] 2
Google Drive
.IP \[bu] 2
Increase default chunk size to 8 MB \- increases upload speed of big
files
.IP \[bu] 2
Speed up directory listings and make more reliable
.IP \[bu] 2
Add missing retries for Move and DirMove \- increases reliability
.IP \[bu] 2
Preserve mime type on file update
.IP \[bu] 2
Backblaze B2
.IP \[bu] 2
Enable mod time syncing
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
This means that B2 will now check modification times
.IP \[bu] 2
It will upload new files to update the modification times
.IP \[bu] 2
(there isn\[aq]t an API to just set the mod time.)
.IP \[bu] 2
If you want the old behaviour use \f[C]\-\-size\-only\f[].
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Update API to new version
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix parsing of mod time when not in metadata
.IP \[bu] 2
Swift/Hubic
.IP \[bu] 2
Don\[aq]t return an MD5SUM for static large objects
.IP \[bu] 2
S3
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix uploading files bigger than 50GB
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.28 \- 2016\-03\-01
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
New Features
.IP \[bu] 2
Configuration file encryption \- thanks Klaus Post
.IP \[bu] 2
Improve \f[C]rclone\ config\f[] adding more help and making it easier to
understand
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement \f[C]\-u\f[]/\f[C]\-\-update\f[] so creation times can be used
on all remotes
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement \f[C]\-\-low\-level\-retries\f[] flag
.IP \[bu] 2
Optionally disable gzip compression on downloads with
\f[C]\-\-no\-gzip\-encoding\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
Bug fixes
.IP \[bu] 2
Don\[aq]t make directories if \f[C]\-\-dry\-run\f[] set
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix and document the \f[C]move\f[] command
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix redirecting stderr on unix\-like OSes when using
\f[C]\-\-log\-file\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix \f[C]delete\f[] command to wait until all finished \- fixes missing
deletes.
.IP \[bu] 2
Backblaze B2
.IP \[bu] 2
Use one upload URL per go routine fixes
\f[C]more\ than\ one\ upload\ using\ auth\ token\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
Add pacing, retries and reauthentication \- fixes token expiry problems
.IP \[bu] 2
Upload without using a temporary file from local (and remotes which
support SHA1)
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix reading metadata for all files when it shouldn\[aq]t have been
.IP \[bu] 2
Drive
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix listing drive documents at root
.IP \[bu] 2
Disable copy and move for Google docs
.IP \[bu] 2
Swift
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix uploading of chunked files with non ASCII characters
.IP \[bu] 2
Allow setting of \f[C]storage_url\f[] in the config \- thanks Xavier
Lucas
.IP \[bu] 2
S3
.IP \[bu] 2
Allow IAM role and credentials from environment variables \- thanks
Brian Stengaard
.IP \[bu] 2
Allow low privilege users to use S3 (check if directory exists during
Mkdir) \- thanks Jakub Gedeon
.IP \[bu] 2
Amazon Drive
.IP \[bu] 2
Retry on more things to make directory listings more reliable
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.27 \- 2016\-01\-31
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
New Features
.IP \[bu] 2
Easier headless configuration with \f[C]rclone\ authorize\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
Add support for multiple hash types \- we now check SHA1 as well as MD5
hashes.
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]delete\f[] command which does obey the filters (unlike
\f[C]purge\f[])
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]dedupe\f[] command to deduplicate a remote.
Useful with Google Drive.
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \f[C]\-\-ignore\-existing\f[] flag to skip all files that exist on
destination.
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \f[C]\-\-delete\-before\f[], \f[C]\-\-delete\-during\f[],
\f[C]\-\-delete\-after\f[] flags.
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \f[C]\-\-memprofile\f[] flag to debug memory use.
.IP \[bu] 2
Warn the user about files with same name but different case
.IP \[bu] 2
Make \f[C]\-\-include\f[] rules add their implict exclude * at the end
of the filter list
.IP \[bu] 2
Deprecate compiling with go1.3
.IP \[bu] 2
Amazon Drive
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix download of files > 10 GB
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix directory traversal ("Next token is expired") for large directory
listings
.IP \[bu] 2
Remove 409 conflict from error codes we will retry \- stops very long
pauses
.IP \[bu] 2
Backblaze B2
.IP \[bu] 2
SHA1 hashes now checked by rclone core
.IP \[bu] 2
Drive
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \f[C]\-\-drive\-auth\-owner\-only\f[] to only consider files owned
by the user \- thanks Björn Harrtell
.IP \[bu] 2
Export Google documents
.IP \[bu] 2
Dropbox
.IP \[bu] 2
Make file exclusion error controllable with \-q
.IP \[bu] 2
Swift
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix upload from unprivileged user.
.IP \[bu] 2
S3
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix updating of mod times of files with \f[C]+\f[] in.
.IP \[bu] 2
Local
.IP \[bu] 2
Add local file system option to disable UNC on Windows.
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.26 \- 2016\-01\-02
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
New Features
.IP \[bu] 2
Yandex storage backend \- thank you Dmitry Burdeev ("dibu")
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement Backblaze B2 storage backend
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \-\-min\-age and \-\-max\-age flags \- thank you Adriano Aurélio
Meirelles
.IP \[bu] 2
Make ls/lsl/md5sum/size/check obey includes and excludes
.IP \[bu] 2
Fixes
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix crash in http logging
.IP \[bu] 2
Upload releases to github too
.IP \[bu] 2
Swift
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix sync for chunked files
.IP \[bu] 2
OneDrive
.IP \[bu] 2
Re\-enable server side copy
.IP \[bu] 2
Don\[aq]t mask HTTP error codes with JSON decode error
.IP \[bu] 2
S3
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix corrupting Content\-Type on mod time update (thanks Joseph Spurrier)
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.25 \- 2015\-11\-14
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
New features
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement Hubic storage system
.IP \[bu] 2
Fixes
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix deletion of some excluded files without \-\-delete\-excluded
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
This could have deleted files unexpectedly on sync
.IP \[bu] 2
Always check first with \f[C]\-\-dry\-run\f[]!
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Swift
.IP \[bu] 2
Stop SetModTime losing metadata (eg X\-Object\-Manifest)
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
This could have caused data loss for files > 5GB in size
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Use ContentType from Object to avoid lookups in listings
.IP \[bu] 2
OneDrive
.IP \[bu] 2
disable server side copy as it seems to be broken at Microsoft
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.24 \- 2015\-11\-07
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
New features
.IP \[bu] 2
Add support for Microsoft OneDrive
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \f[C]\-\-no\-check\-certificate\f[] option to disable server
certificate verification
.IP \[bu] 2
Add async readahead buffer for faster transfer of big files
.IP \[bu] 2
Fixes
.IP \[bu] 2
Allow spaces in remotes and check remote names for validity at creation
time
.IP \[bu] 2
Allow \[aq]&\[aq] and disallow \[aq]:\[aq] in Windows filenames.
.IP \[bu] 2
Swift
.IP \[bu] 2
Ignore directory marker objects where appropriate \- allows working with
Hubic
.IP \[bu] 2
Don\[aq]t delete the container if fs wasn\[aq]t at root
.IP \[bu] 2
S3
.IP \[bu] 2
Don\[aq]t delete the bucket if fs wasn\[aq]t at root
.IP \[bu] 2
Google Cloud Storage
.IP \[bu] 2
Don\[aq]t delete the bucket if fs wasn\[aq]t at root
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.23 \- 2015\-10\-03
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
New features
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement \f[C]rclone\ size\f[] for measuring remotes
.IP \[bu] 2
Fixes
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix headless config for drive and gcs
.IP \[bu] 2
Tell the user they should try again if the webserver method failed
.IP \[bu] 2
Improve output of \f[C]\-\-dump\-headers\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
S3
.IP \[bu] 2
Allow anonymous access to public buckets
.IP \[bu] 2
Swift
.IP \[bu] 2
Stop chunked operations logging "Failed to read info: Object Not Found"
.IP \[bu] 2
Use Content\-Length on uploads for extra reliability
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.22 \- 2015\-09\-28
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement rsync like include and exclude flags
.IP \[bu] 2
swift
.IP \[bu] 2
Support files > 5GB \- thanks Sergey Tolmachev
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.21 \- 2015\-09\-22
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
New features
.IP \[bu] 2
Display individual transfer progress
.IP \[bu] 2
Make lsl output times in localtime
.IP \[bu] 2
Fixes
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix allowing user to override credentials again in Drive, GCS and ACD
.IP \[bu] 2
Amazon Drive
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement compliant pacing scheme
.IP \[bu] 2
Google Drive
.IP \[bu] 2
Make directory reads concurrent for increased speed.
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.20 \- 2015\-09\-15
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
New features
.IP \[bu] 2
Amazon Drive support
.IP \[bu] 2
Oauth support redone \- fix many bugs and improve usability
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Use "golang.org/x/oauth2" as oauth libary of choice
.IP \[bu] 2
Improve oauth usability for smoother initial signup
.IP \[bu] 2
drive, googlecloudstorage: optionally use auto config for the oauth
token
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement \-\-dump\-headers and \-\-dump\-bodies debug flags
.IP \[bu] 2
Show multiple matched commands if abbreviation too short
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement server side move where possible
.IP \[bu] 2
local
.IP \[bu] 2
Always use UNC paths internally on Windows \- fixes a lot of bugs
.IP \[bu] 2
dropbox
.IP \[bu] 2
force use of our custom transport which makes timeouts work
.IP \[bu] 2
Thanks to Klaus Post for lots of help with this release
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.19 \- 2015\-08\-28
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
New features
.IP \[bu] 2
Server side copies for s3/swift/drive/dropbox/gcs
.IP \[bu] 2
Move command \- uses server side copies if it can
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement \-\-retries flag \- tries 3 times by default
.IP \[bu] 2
Build for plan9/amd64 and solaris/amd64 too
.IP \[bu] 2
Fixes
.IP \[bu] 2
Make a current version download with a fixed URL for scripting
.IP \[bu] 2
Ignore rmdir in limited fs rather than throwing error
.IP \[bu] 2
dropbox
.IP \[bu] 2
Increase chunk size to improve upload speeds massively
.IP \[bu] 2
Issue an error message when trying to upload bad file name
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.18 \- 2015\-08\-17
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
drive
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \f[C]\-\-drive\-use\-trash\f[] flag so rclone trashes instead of
deletes
.IP \[bu] 2
Add "Forbidden to download" message for files with no downloadURL
.IP \[bu] 2
dropbox
.IP \[bu] 2
Remove datastore
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
This was deprecated and it caused a lot of problems
.IP \[bu] 2
Modification times and MD5SUMs no longer stored
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix uploading files > 2GB
.IP \[bu] 2
s3
.IP \[bu] 2
use official AWS SDK from github.com/aws/aws\-sdk\-go
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[B]NB\f[] will most likely require you to delete and recreate remote
.IP \[bu] 2
enable multipart upload which enables files > 5GB
.IP \[bu] 2
tested with Ceph / RadosGW / S3 emulation
.IP \[bu] 2
many thanks to Sam Liston and Brian Haymore at the Utah Center for High
Performance Computing (https://www.chpc.utah.edu/) for a Ceph test
account
.IP \[bu] 2
misc
.IP \[bu] 2
Show errors when reading the config file
.IP \[bu] 2
Do not print stats in quiet mode \- thanks Leonid Shalupov
.IP \[bu] 2
Add FAQ
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix created directories not obeying umask
.IP \[bu] 2
Linux installation instructions \- thanks Shimon Doodkin
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.17 \- 2015\-06\-14
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
dropbox: fix case insensitivity issues \- thanks Leonid Shalupov
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.16 \- 2015\-06\-09
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix uploading big files which was causing timeouts or panics
.IP \[bu] 2
Don\[aq]t check md5sum after download with \-\-size\-only
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.15 \- 2015\-06\-06
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \-\-checksum flag to only discard transfers by MD5SUM \- thanks Alex
Couper
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement \-\-size\-only flag to sync on size not checksum & modtime
.IP \[bu] 2
Expand docs and remove duplicated information
.IP \[bu] 2
Document rclone\[aq]s limitations with directories
.IP \[bu] 2
dropbox: update docs about case insensitivity
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.14 \- 2015\-05\-21
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
local: fix encoding of non utf\-8 file names \- fixes a duplicate file
problem
.IP \[bu] 2
drive: docs about rate limiting
.IP \[bu] 2
google cloud storage: Fix compile after API change in
"google.golang.org/api/storage/v1"
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.13 \- 2015\-05\-10
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Revise documentation (especially sync)
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement \-\-timeout and \-\-conntimeout
.IP \[bu] 2
s3: ignore etags from multipart uploads which aren\[aq]t md5sums
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.12 \- 2015\-03\-15
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
drive: Use chunked upload for files above a certain size
.IP \[bu] 2
drive: add \-\-drive\-chunk\-size and \-\-drive\-upload\-cutoff
parameters
.IP \[bu] 2
drive: switch to insert from update when a failed copy deletes the
upload
.IP \[bu] 2
core: Log duplicate files if they are detected
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.11 \- 2015\-03\-04
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
swift: add region parameter
.IP \[bu] 2
drive: fix crash on failed to update remote mtime
.IP \[bu] 2
In remote paths, change native directory separators to /
.IP \[bu] 2
Add synchronization to ls/lsl/lsd output to stop corruptions
.IP \[bu] 2
Ensure all stats/log messages to go stderr
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \-\-log\-file flag to log everything (including panics) to file
.IP \[bu] 2
Make it possible to disable stats printing with \-\-stats=0
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement \-\-bwlimit to limit data transfer bandwidth
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.10 \- 2015\-02\-12
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
s3: list an unlimited number of items
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix getting stuck in the configurator
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.09 \- 2015\-02\-07
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
windows: Stop drive letters (eg C:) getting mixed up with remotes (eg
drive:)
.IP \[bu] 2
local: Fix directory separators on Windows
.IP \[bu] 2
drive: fix rate limit exceeded errors
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.08 \- 2015\-02\-04
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
drive: fix subdirectory listing to not list entire drive
.IP \[bu] 2
drive: Fix SetModTime
.IP \[bu] 2
dropbox: adapt code to recent library changes
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.07 \- 2014\-12\-23
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
google cloud storage: fix memory leak
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.06 \- 2014\-12\-12
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix "Couldn\[aq]t find home directory" on OSX
.IP \[bu] 2
swift: Add tenant parameter
.IP \[bu] 2
Use new location of Google API packages
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.05 \- 2014\-08\-09
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Improved tests and consequently lots of minor fixes
.IP \[bu] 2
core: Fix race detected by go race detector
.IP \[bu] 2
core: Fixes after running errcheck
.IP \[bu] 2
drive: reset root directory on Rmdir and Purge
.IP \[bu] 2
fs: Document that Purger returns error on empty directory, test and fix
.IP \[bu] 2
google cloud storage: fix ListDir on subdirectory
.IP \[bu] 2
google cloud storage: re\-read metadata in SetModTime
.IP \[bu] 2
s3: make reading metadata more reliable to work around eventual
consistency problems
.IP \[bu] 2
s3: strip trailing / from ListDir()
.IP \[bu] 2
swift: return directories without / in ListDir
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.04 \- 2014\-07\-21
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
google cloud storage: Fix crash on Update
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.03 \- 2014\-07\-20
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
swift, s3, dropbox: fix updated files being marked as corrupted
.IP \[bu] 2
Make compile with go 1.1 again
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.02 \- 2014\-07\-19
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement Dropbox remote
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement Google Cloud Storage remote
.IP \[bu] 2
Verify Md5sums and Sizes after copies
.IP \[bu] 2
Remove times from "ls" command \- lists sizes only
.IP \[bu] 2
Add add "lsl" \- lists times and sizes
.IP \[bu] 2
Add "md5sum" command
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.01 \- 2014\-07\-04
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
drive: fix transfer of big files using up lots of memory
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.00 \- 2014\-07\-03
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
drive: fix whole second dates
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v0.99 \- 2014\-06\-26
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix \-\-dry\-run not working
.IP \[bu] 2
Make compatible with go 1.1
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v0.98 \- 2014\-05\-30
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
s3: Treat missing Content\-Length as 0 for some ceph installations
.IP \[bu] 2
rclonetest: add file with a space in
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v0.97 \- 2014\-05\-05
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement copying of single files
.IP \[bu] 2
s3 & swift: support paths inside containers/buckets
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v0.96 \- 2014\-04\-24
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
drive: Fix multiple files of same name being created
.IP \[bu] 2
drive: Use o.Update and fs.Put to optimise transfers
.IP \[bu] 2
Add version number, \-V and \-\-version
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v0.95 \- 2014\-03\-28
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
rclone.org: website, docs and graphics
.IP \[bu] 2
drive: fix path parsing
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v0.94 \- 2014\-03\-27
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Change remote format one last time
.IP \[bu] 2
GNU style flags
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v0.93 \- 2014\-03\-16
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
drive: store token in config file
.IP \[bu] 2
cross compile other versions
.IP \[bu] 2
set strict permissions on config file
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v0.92 \- 2014\-03\-15
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Config fixes and \-\-config option
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v0.91 \- 2014\-03\-15
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Make config file
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v0.90 \- 2013\-06\-27
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Project named rclone
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v0.00 \- 2012\-11\-18
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Project started
.RE
.SS Bugs and Limitations
.SS Empty directories are left behind / not created
.PP
With remotes that have a concept of directory, eg Local and Drive, empty
directories may be left behind, or not created when one was expected.
.PP
This is because rclone doesn\[aq]t have a concept of a directory \- it
only works on objects.
Most of the object storage systems can\[aq]t actually store a directory
so there is nowhere for rclone to store anything about directories.
.PP
You can work round this to some extent with the\f[C]purge\f[] command
which will delete everything under the path, \f[B]inluding\f[] empty
directories.
.PP
This may be fixed at some point in Issue
#100 (https://github.com/ncw/rclone/issues/100)
.SS Directory timestamps aren\[aq]t preserved
.PP
For the same reason as the above, rclone doesn\[aq]t have a concept of a
directory \- it only works on objects, therefore it can\[aq]t preserve
the timestamps of directories.
.SS Frequently Asked Questions
.SS Do all cloud storage systems support all rclone commands
.PP
Yes they do.
All the rclone commands (eg \f[C]sync\f[], \f[C]copy\f[] etc) will work
on all the remote storage systems.
.SS Can I copy the config from one machine to another
.PP
Sure! Rclone stores all of its config in a single file.
If you want to find this file, the simplest way is to run
\f[C]rclone\ \-h\f[] and look at the help for the \f[C]\-\-config\f[]
flag which will tell you where it is.
.PP
See the remote setup docs (https://rclone.org/remote_setup/) for more
info.
.SS How do I configure rclone on a remote / headless box with no
browser?
.PP
This has now been documented in its own remote setup
page (https://rclone.org/remote_setup/).
.SS Can rclone sync directly from drive to s3
.PP
Rclone can sync between two remote cloud storage systems just fine.
.PP
Note that it effectively downloads the file and uploads it again, so the
node running rclone would need to have lots of bandwidth.
.PP
The syncs would be incremental (on a file by file basis).
.PP
Eg
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ sync\ drive:Folder\ s3:bucket
\f[]
.fi
.SS Using rclone from multiple locations at the same time
.PP
You can use rclone from multiple places at the same time if you choose
different subdirectory for the output, eg
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
Server\ A>\ rclone\ sync\ /tmp/whatever\ remote:ServerA
Server\ B>\ rclone\ sync\ /tmp/whatever\ remote:ServerB
\f[]
.fi
.PP
If you sync to the same directory then you should use rclone copy
otherwise the two rclones may delete each others files, eg
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
Server\ A>\ rclone\ copy\ /tmp/whatever\ remote:Backup
Server\ B>\ rclone\ copy\ /tmp/whatever\ remote:Backup
\f[]
.fi
.PP
The file names you upload from Server A and Server B should be different
in this case, otherwise some file systems (eg Drive) may make
duplicates.
.SS Why doesn\[aq]t rclone support partial transfers / binary diffs like
rsync?
.PP
Rclone stores each file you transfer as a native object on the remote
cloud storage system.
This means that you can see the files you upload as expected using
alternative access methods (eg using the Google Drive web interface).
There is a 1:1 mapping between files on your hard disk and objects
created in the cloud storage system.
.PP
Cloud storage systems (at least none I\[aq]ve come across yet) don\[aq]t
support partially uploading an object.
You can\[aq]t take an existing object, and change some bytes in the
middle of it.
.PP
It would be possible to make a sync system which stored binary diffs
instead of whole objects like rclone does, but that would break the 1:1
mapping of files on your hard disk to objects in the remote cloud
storage system.
.PP
All the cloud storage systems support partial downloads of content, so
it would be possible to make partial downloads work.
However to make this work efficiently this would require storing a
significant amount of metadata, which breaks the desired 1:1 mapping of
files to objects.
.SS Can rclone do bi\-directional sync?
.PP
No, not at present.
rclone only does uni\-directional sync from A \-> B.
It may do in the future though since it has all the primitives \- it
just requires writing the algorithm to do it.
.SS Can I use rclone with an HTTP proxy?
.PP
Yes.
rclone will use the environment variables \f[C]HTTP_PROXY\f[],
\f[C]HTTPS_PROXY\f[] and \f[C]NO_PROXY\f[], similar to cURL and other
programs.
.PP
\f[C]HTTPS_PROXY\f[] takes precedence over \f[C]HTTP_PROXY\f[] for https
requests.
.PP
The environment values may be either a complete URL or a "host[:port]",
in which case the "http" scheme is assumed.
.PP
The \f[C]NO_PROXY\f[] allows you to disable the proxy for specific
hosts.
Hosts must be comma separated, and can contain domains or parts.
For instance "foo.com" also matches "bar.foo.com".
.SS Rclone gives x509: failed to load system roots and no roots provided
error
.PP
This means that \f[C]rclone\f[] can\[aq]t file the SSL root
certificates.
Likely you are running \f[C]rclone\f[] on a NAS with a cut\-down Linux
OS, or possibly on Solaris.
.PP
Rclone (via the Go runtime) tries to load the root certificates from
these places on Linux.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
"/etc/ssl/certs/ca\-certificates.crt",\ //\ Debian/Ubuntu/Gentoo\ etc.
"/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca\-bundle.crt",\ \ \ //\ Fedora/RHEL
"/etc/ssl/ca\-bundle.pem",\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ //\ OpenSUSE
"/etc/pki/tls/cacert.pem",\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ //\ OpenELEC
\f[]
.fi
.PP
So doing something like this should fix the problem.
It also sets the time which is important for SSL to work properly.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
mkdir\ \-p\ /etc/ssl/certs/
curl\ \-o\ /etc/ssl/certs/ca\-certificates.crt\ https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bagder/ca\-bundle/master/ca\-bundle.crt
ntpclient\ \-s\ \-h\ pool.ntp.org
\f[]
.fi
.PP
The two environment variables \f[C]SSL_CERT_FILE\f[] and
\f[C]SSL_CERT_DIR\f[], mentioned in the x509
pacakge (https://godoc.org/crypto/x509), provide an additional way to
provide the SSL root certificates.
.PP
Note that you may need to add the \f[C]\-\-insecure\f[] option to the
\f[C]curl\f[] command line if it doesn\[aq]t work without.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
curl\ \-\-insecure\ \-o\ /etc/ssl/certs/ca\-certificates.crt\ https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bagder/ca\-bundle/master/ca\-bundle.crt
\f[]
.fi
.SS Rclone gives Failed to load config file: function not implemented
error
.PP
Likely this means that you are running rclone on Linux version not
supported by the go runtime, ie earlier than version 2.6.23.
.PP
See the system requirements section in the go install
docs (https://golang.org/doc/install) for full details.
.SS All my uploaded docx/xlsx/pptx files appear as archive/zip
.PP
This is caused by uploading these files from a Windows computer which
hasn\[aq]t got the Microsoft Office suite installed.
The easiest way to fix is to install the Word viewer and the Microsoft
Office Compatibility Pack for Word, Excel, and PowerPoint 2007 and later
versions\[aq] file formats
.SS tcp lookup some.domain.com no such host
.PP
This happens when rclone cannot resolve a domain.
Please check that your DNS setup is generally working, e.g.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
#\ both\ should\ print\ a\ long\ list\ of\ possible\ IP\ addresses
dig\ www.googleapis.com\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ #\ resolve\ using\ your\ default\ DNS
dig\ www.googleapis.com\ \@8.8.8.8\ #\ resolve\ with\ Google\[aq]s\ DNS\ server
\f[]
.fi
.PP
If you are using \f[C]systemd\-resolved\f[] (default on Arch Linux),
ensure it is at version 233 or higher.
Previous releases contain a bug which causes not all domains to be
resolved properly.
.PP
Additionally with the \f[C]GODEBUG=netdns=\f[] environment variable the
Go resolver decision can be influenced.
This also allows to resolve certain issues with DNS resolution.
See the name resolution section in the go
docs (https://golang.org/pkg/net/#hdr-Name_Resolution).
.SS License
.PP
This is free software under the terms of MIT the license (check the
COPYING file included with the source code).
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
Copyright\ (C)\ 2012\ by\ Nick\ Craig\-Wood\ https://www.craig\-wood.com/nick/

Permission\ is\ hereby\ granted,\ free\ of\ charge,\ to\ any\ person\ obtaining\ a\ copy
of\ this\ software\ and\ associated\ documentation\ files\ (the\ "Software"),\ to\ deal
in\ the\ Software\ without\ restriction,\ including\ without\ limitation\ the\ rights
to\ use,\ copy,\ modify,\ merge,\ publish,\ distribute,\ sublicense,\ and/or\ sell
copies\ of\ the\ Software,\ and\ to\ permit\ persons\ to\ whom\ the\ Software\ is
furnished\ to\ do\ so,\ subject\ to\ the\ following\ conditions:

The\ above\ copyright\ notice\ and\ this\ permission\ notice\ shall\ be\ included\ in
all\ copies\ or\ substantial\ portions\ of\ the\ Software.

THE\ SOFTWARE\ IS\ PROVIDED\ "AS\ IS",\ WITHOUT\ WARRANTY\ OF\ ANY\ KIND,\ EXPRESS\ OR
IMPLIED,\ INCLUDING\ BUT\ NOT\ LIMITED\ TO\ THE\ WARRANTIES\ OF\ MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS\ FOR\ A\ PARTICULAR\ PURPOSE\ AND\ NONINFRINGEMENT.\ IN\ NO\ EVENT\ SHALL\ THE
AUTHORS\ OR\ COPYRIGHT\ HOLDERS\ BE\ LIABLE\ FOR\ ANY\ CLAIM,\ DAMAGES\ OR\ OTHER
LIABILITY,\ WHETHER\ IN\ AN\ ACTION\ OF\ CONTRACT,\ TORT\ OR\ OTHERWISE,\ ARISING\ FROM,
OUT\ OF\ OR\ IN\ CONNECTION\ WITH\ THE\ SOFTWARE\ OR\ THE\ USE\ OR\ OTHER\ DEALINGS\ IN
THE\ SOFTWARE.
\f[]
.fi
.SS Authors
.IP \[bu] 2
Nick Craig\-Wood <nick@craig-wood.com>
.SS Contributors
.IP \[bu] 2
Alex Couper <amcouper@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Leonid Shalupov <leonid@shalupov.com> <shalupov@diverse.org.ru>
.IP \[bu] 2
Shimon Doodkin <helpmepro1@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Colin Nicholson <colin@colinn.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Klaus Post <klauspost@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Sergey Tolmachev <tolsi.ru@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Adriano Aurélio Meirelles <adriano@atinge.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
C.
Bess <cbess@users.noreply.github.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Dmitry Burdeev <dibu28@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Joseph Spurrier <github@josephspurrier.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Björn Harrtell <bjorn@wololo.org>
.IP \[bu] 2
Xavier Lucas <xavier.lucas@corp.ovh.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Werner Beroux <werner@beroux.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Brian Stengaard <brian@stengaard.eu>
.IP \[bu] 2
Jakub Gedeon <jgedeon@sofi.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Jim Tittsler <jwt@onjapan.net>
.IP \[bu] 2
Michal Witkowski <michal@improbable.io>
.IP \[bu] 2
Fabian Ruff <fabian.ruff@sap.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Leigh Klotz <klotz@quixey.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Romain Lapray <lapray.romain@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Justin R.
Wilson <jrw972@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Antonio Messina <antonio.s.messina@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Stefan G.
Weichinger <office@oops.co.at>
.IP \[bu] 2
Per Cederberg <cederberg@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Radek Šenfeld <rush@logic.cz>
.IP \[bu] 2
Fredrik Fornwall <fredrik@fornwall.net>
.IP \[bu] 2
Asko Tamm <asko@deekit.net>
.IP \[bu] 2
xor\-zz <xor@gstocco.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Tomasz Mazur <tmazur90@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Marco Paganini <paganini@paganini.net>
.IP \[bu] 2
Felix Bünemann <buenemann@louis.info>
.IP \[bu] 2
Durval Menezes <jmrclone@durval.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Luiz Carlos Rumbelsperger Viana <maxd13_luiz_carlos@hotmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Stefan Breunig <stefan-github@yrden.de>
.IP \[bu] 2
Alishan Ladhani <ali-l@users.noreply.github.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
0xJAKE <0xJAKE@users.noreply.github.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Thibault Molleman <thibaultmol@users.noreply.github.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Scott McGillivray <scott.mcgillivray@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Bjørn Erik Pedersen <bjorn.erik.pedersen@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Lukas Loesche <lukas@mesosphere.io>
.IP \[bu] 2
emyarod <allllaboutyou@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
T.C.
Ferguson <tcf909@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Brandur <brandur@mutelight.org>
.IP \[bu] 2
Dario Giovannetti <dev@dariogiovannetti.net>
.IP \[bu] 2
Károly Oláh <okaresz@aol.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Jon Yergatian <jon@macfanatic.ca>
.IP \[bu] 2
Jack Schmidt <github@mowsey.org>
.IP \[bu] 2
Dedsec1 <Dedsec1@users.noreply.github.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Hisham Zarka <hzarka@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Jérôme Vizcaino <jerome.vizcaino@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Mike Tesch <mjt6129@rit.edu>
.IP \[bu] 2
Marvin Watson <marvwatson@users.noreply.github.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Danny Tsai <danny8376@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Yoni Jah <yonjah+git@gmail.com> <yonjah+github@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Stephen Harris <github@spuddy.org>
.IP \[bu] 2
Ihor Dvoretskyi <ihor.dvoretskyi@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Jon Craton <jncraton@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Hraban Luyat <hraban@0brg.net>
.IP \[bu] 2
Michael Ledin <mledin89@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Martin Kristensen <me@azgul.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Too Much IO <toomuchio@users.noreply.github.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Anisse Astier <anisse@astier.eu>
.IP \[bu] 2
Zahiar Ahmed <zahiar@live.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Igor Kharin <igorkharin@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Bill Zissimopoulos <billziss@navimatics.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Bob Potter <bobby.potter@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Steven Lu <tacticalazn@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Sjur Fredriksen <sjurtf@ifi.uio.no>
.IP \[bu] 2
Ruwbin <hubus12345@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Fabian Möller <fabianm88@gmail.com> <f.moeller@nynex.de>
.IP \[bu] 2
Edward Q.
Bridges <github@eqbridges.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Vasiliy Tolstov <v.tolstov@selfip.ru>
.IP \[bu] 2
Harshavardhana <harsha@minio.io>
.IP \[bu] 2
sainaen <sainaen@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
gdm85 <gdm85@users.noreply.github.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Yaroslav Halchenko <debian@onerussian.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
John Papandriopoulos <jpap@users.noreply.github.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Zhiming Wang <zmwangx@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Andy Pilate <cubox@cubox.me>
.IP \[bu] 2
Oliver Heyme <olihey@googlemail.com> <olihey@users.noreply.github.com>
<de8olihe@lego.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
wuyu <wuyu@yunify.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Andrei Dragomir <adragomi@adobe.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Christian Brüggemann <mail@cbruegg.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Alex McGrath Kraak <amkdude@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
bpicode <bjoern.pirnay@googlemail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Daniel Jagszent <daniel@jagszent.de>
.IP \[bu] 2
Josiah White <thegenius2009@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Ishuah Kariuki <kariuki@ishuah.com> <ishuah91@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Jan Varho <jan@varho.org>
.IP \[bu] 2
Girish Ramakrishnan <girish@cloudron.io>
.IP \[bu] 2
LingMan <LingMan@users.noreply.github.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Jacob McNamee <jacobmcnamee@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
jersou <jertux@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
thierry <thierry@substantiel.fr>
.IP \[bu] 2
Simon Leinen <simon.leinen@gmail.com> <ubuntu@s3-test.novalocal>
.IP \[bu] 2
Dan Dascalescu <ddascalescu+github@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Jason Rose <jason@jro.io>
.IP \[bu] 2
Andrew Starr\-Bochicchio <a.starr.b@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
John Leach <john@johnleach.co.uk>
.IP \[bu] 2
Corban Raun <craun@instructure.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Pierre Carlson <mpcarl@us.ibm.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Ernest Borowski <er.borowski@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Remus Bunduc <remus.bunduc@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Iakov Davydov <iakov.davydov@unil.ch> <dav05.gith@myths.ru>
.IP \[bu] 2
Jakub Tasiemski <tasiemski@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
David Minor <dminor@saymedia.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Tim Cooijmans <cooijmans.tim@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Laurence <liuxy6@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Giovanni Pizzi <gio.piz@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Filip Bartodziej <filipbartodziej@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Jon Fautley <jon@dead.li>
.IP \[bu] 2
lewapm <32110057+lewapm@users.noreply.github.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Yassine Imounachen <yassine256@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Chris Redekop <chris-redekop@users.noreply.github.com>
<chris.redekop@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Jon Fautley <jon@adenoid.appstal.co.uk>
.IP \[bu] 2
Will Gunn <WillGunn@users.noreply.github.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Lucas Bremgartner <lucas@bremis.ch>
.IP \[bu] 2
Jody Frankowski <jody.frankowski@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Andreas Roussos <arouss1980@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
nbuchanan <nbuchanan@utah.gov>
.IP \[bu] 2
Durval Menezes <rclone@durval.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Victor <vb-github@viblo.se>
.IP \[bu] 2
Mateusz <pabian.mateusz@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Daniel Loader <spicypixel@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
David0rk <davidork@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Alexander Neumann <alexander@bumpern.de>
.IP \[bu] 2
Giri Badanahatti <gbadanahatti@us.ibm.com@Giris-MacBook-Pro.local>
.IP \[bu] 2
Leo R.
Lundgren <leo@finalresort.org>
.IP \[bu] 2
wolfv <wolfv6@users.noreply.github.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Dave Pedu <dave@davepedu.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Stefan Lindblom <lindblom@spotify.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
seuffert <oliver@seuffert.biz>
.IP \[bu] 2
gbadanahatti <37121690+gbadanahatti@users.noreply.github.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Keith Goldfarb <barkofdelight@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Steve Kriss <steve@heptio.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Chih\-Hsuan Yen <yan12125@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Alexander Neumann <fd0@users.noreply.github.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Matt Holt <mholt@users.noreply.github.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Eri Bastos <bastos.eri@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Michael P.
Dubner <pywebmail@list.ru>
.IP \[bu] 2
Antoine GIRARD <sapk@users.noreply.github.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Mateusz Piotrowski <mpp302@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Animosity022 <animosity22@users.noreply.github.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Peter Baumgartner <pete@lincolnloop.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Craig Rachel <craig@craigrachel.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Michael G.
Noll <miguno@users.noreply.github.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
hensur <me@hensur.de>
.IP \[bu] 2
Oliver Heyme <de8olihe@lego.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Richard Yang <richard@yenforyang.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Piotr Oleszczyk <piotr.oleszczyk@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Rodrigo <rodarima@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
NoLooseEnds <NoLooseEnds@users.noreply.github.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Jakub Karlicek <jakub@karlicek.me>
.IP \[bu] 2
John Clayton <john@codemonkeylabs.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Kasper Byrdal Nielsen <byrdal76@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Benjamin Joseph Dag <bjdag1234@users.noreply.github.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
themylogin <themylogin@gmail.com>
.SH Contact the rclone project
.SS Forum
.PP
Forum for general discussions and questions:
.IP \[bu] 2
https://forum.rclone.org
.SS Gitub project
.PP
The project website is at:
.IP \[bu] 2
https://github.com/ncw/rclone
.PP
There you can file bug reports, ask for help or contribute pull
requests.
.SS Google+
.PP
Rclone has a Google+ page which announcements are posted to
.IP \[bu] 2
Google+ page for general comments
.SS Twitter
.PP
You can also follow me on twitter for rclone announcements
.IP \[bu] 2
[\@njcw](https://twitter.com/njcw)
.SS Email
.PP
Or if all else fails or you want to ask something private or
confidential email Nick Craig\-Wood (mailto:nick@craig-wood.com)
.SH AUTHORS
Nick Craig\-Wood.