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docs: add guide to configuring autorun in install documentation
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albertony
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@ -350,11 +350,9 @@ Command Prompt and then try to access the same drive from Explorer
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new drive.
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The easiest way around this is to start the drive from a normal
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command prompt. It is also possible to start a drive from the SYSTEM
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account (using [the WinFsp.Launcher
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infrastructure](https://github.com/billziss-gh/winfsp/wiki/WinFsp-Service-Architecture))
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which creates drives accessible for everyone on the system or
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alternatively using [the nssm service manager](https://nssm.cc/usage).
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command prompt. It is also possible to start a drive as the SYSTEM
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account, which creates drives accessible for everyone on the system,
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read more in the [install documentation](https://rclone.org/install/).
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### Limitations
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@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ Rclone is a Go program and comes as a single binary file.
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* [Download](/downloads/) the relevant binary.
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* Extract the `rclone` or `rclone.exe` binary from the archive
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* Run `rclone config` to setup. See [rclone config docs](/docs/) for more details.
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* Optionally configure [automatic execution](#autostart).
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See below for some expanded Linux / macOS instructions.
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@ -226,3 +227,147 @@ Instructions
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roles:
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- rclone
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```
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# Autostart #
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After installing and configuring rclone, as described above, you are ready to use rclone
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as an interactive command line utility. If your goal is to perform *periodic* operations,
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such as a regular [sync](https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_sync/), you will probably want
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to configure your rclone command in your operating system's scheduler. If you need to
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expose *service*-like features, such as [remote control](https://rclone.org/rc/),
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[GUI](https://rclone.org/gui/), [serve](https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_serve/)
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or [mount](https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_move/), you will often want an rclone
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command always running in the background, and configuring it to run in a service infrastructure
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may be a better option. Below are some alternatives on how to achieve this on
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different operating systems.
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NOTE: Before setting up autorun it is highly recommended that you have tested your command
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manually from a Command Prompt first.
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## Autostart on Windows ##
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The most relevant alternatives for autostart on Windows are:
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- Run at user log on using the Startup folder
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- Run at user log on, at system startup or at schedule using Task Scheduler
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- Run at system startup using Windows service
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### Running in background
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Rclone is a console application, so if not starting from an existing Command Prompt,
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e.g. when starting rclone.exe from a shortcut, it will open a Command Prompt window.
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When configuring rclone to run from task scheduler and windows service you are able
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to set it to run hidden in background. From rclone version 1.54 you can also make it
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run hidden from anywhere by adding option `--no-console` (it may still flash briefly
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when the program starts). Since rclone normally writes information and any error
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messages to the console, you must redirect this to a file to be able to see it.
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Rclone has a built-in option `--log-file` for that.
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Example command to run a sync in background:
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```
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c:\rclone\rclone.exe sync c:\files remote:/files --no-console --log-file c:\rclone\logs\sync_files.txt
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```
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### User account
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As mentioned in the [mount](https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_move/) documentation,
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mounted drives created as Administrator are not visible to other accounts, not even the
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account that was elevated as Administrator. By running the mount command as the
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built-in `SYSTEM` user account, it will create drives accessible for everyone on
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the system. Both scheduled task and Windows service can be used to achieve this.
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NOTE: Remember that when rclone runs as the `SYSTEM` user, the user profile
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that it sees will not be yours. This means that if you normally run rclone with
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configuration file in the default location, to be able to use the same configuration
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when running as the system user you must explicitely tell rclone where to find
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it with the [`--config`](https://rclone.org/docs/#config-config-file) option,
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or else it will look in the system users profile path (`C:\Windows\System32\config\systemprofile`).
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To test your command manually from a Command Prompt, you can run it with
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the [PsExec](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/downloads/psexec)
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utility from Microsoft's Sysinternals suite, which takes option `-s` to
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execute commands as the `SYSTEM` user.
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### Start from Startup folder ###
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To quickly execute an rclone command you can simply create a standard
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Windows Explorer shortcut for the complete rclone command you want to run. If you
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store this shortcut in the special "Startup" start-menu folder, Windows will
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automatically run it at login. To open this folder in Windows Explorer,
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enter path `%APPDATA%\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Startup`,
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or `C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\StartUp` if you want
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the command to start for *every* user that logs in.
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This is the easiest approach to autostarting of rclone, but it offers no
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functionality to set it to run as different user, or to set conditions or
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actions on certain events. Setting up a scheduled task as described below
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will often give you better results.
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### Start from Task Scheduler ###
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Task Scheduler is an administrative tool built into Windows, and it can be used to
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configure rclone to be started automatically in a highly configurable way, e.g.
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periodically on a schedule, on user log on, or at system startup. It can run
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be configured to run as the current user, or for a mount command that needs to
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be available to all users it can run as the `SYSTEM` user.
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For technical information, see
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https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/win32/taskschd/task-scheduler-start-page.
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### Run as service ###
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For running rclone at system startup, you can create a Windows service that executes
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your rclone command, as an alternative to scheduled task configured to run at startup.
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#### Mount command built-in service integration ####
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For mount commands, Rclone has a built-in Windows service integration via the third party
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WinFsp library it uses. Registering as a regular Windows service easy, as you just have to
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execute the built-in PowerShell command `New-Service` (requires administrative privileges).
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Example of a PowerShell command that creates a Windows service for mounting
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some `remote:/files` as drive letter `X:`, for *all* users (service will be running as the
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local system account):
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```
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New-Service -Name Rclone -BinaryPathName 'c:\rclone\rclone.exe mount remote:/files X: --config c:\rclone\config\rclone.conf --log-file c:\rclone\logs\mount.txt'
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```
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The [WinFsp service infrastructure](https://github.com/billziss-gh/winfsp/wiki/WinFsp-Service-Architecture)
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supports incorporating services for file system implementations, such as rclone,
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into its own launcher service, as kind of "child services". This has the additional
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advantage that it also implements a network provider that integrates into
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Windows standard methods for managing network drives. This is currently not
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officially supported by Rclone, but with WinFsp version 2019.3 B2 / v1.5B2 or later
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it should be possible through path rewriting as described [here](https://github.com/rclone/rclone/issues/3340).
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#### Third party service integration ####
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To Windows service running any rclone command, the excellent third party utility
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[NSSM](http://nssm.cc), the "Non-Sucking Service Manager", can be used.
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It includes some advanced features such as adjusting process periority, defining
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process environment variables, redirect to file anything written to stdout, and
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customized response to different exit codes, with a GUI to configure everything from
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(although it can also be used from command line ).
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There are also several other alternatives. To mention one more,
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[WinSW](https://github.com/winsw/winsw), "Windows Service Wrapper", is worth checking out.
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It requires .NET Framework, but it is preinstalled on newer versions of Windows, and it
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also provides alternative standalone distributions which includes necessary runtime (.NET 5).
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WinSW is a command-line only utility, where you have to manually create an XML file with
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service configuration. This may be a drawback for some, but it can also be an advantage
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as it is easy to back up and re-use the configuration
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settings, without having go through manual steps in a GUI. One thing to note is that
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by default it does not restart the service on error, one have to explicit enable this
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in the configuration file (via the "onfailure" parameter).
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## Autostart on Linux
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### Start as a service
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To always run rclone in background, relevant for mount commands etc,
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you can use systemd to set up rclone as a system or user service. Running as a
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system service ensures that it is run at startup even if the user it is running as
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has no active session. Running rclone as a user service ensures that it only
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starts after the configured user has logged into the system.
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### Run periodically from cron
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To run a periodic command, such as a copy/sync, you can set up a cron job.
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