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  <articleinfo>
    <title>Dynamic Zones</title>

    <authorgroup>
      <author>
        <firstname>Tom</firstname>

        <surname>Eastep</surname>
      </author>
    </authorgroup>

    <pubdate><?dbtimestamp format="Y/m/d"?></pubdate>

    <copyright>
      <year>2009</year>

      <holder>Thomas M. Eastep</holder>
    </copyright>

    <legalnotice>
      <para>Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
      document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version
      1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with
      no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover, and with no Back-Cover
      Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
      <quote><ulink url="GnuCopyright.htm">GNU Free Documentation
      License</ulink></quote>.</para>
    </legalnotice>
  </articleinfo>

  <section>
    <title>Overview</title>

    <para>There is sometimes a need to be able to define a zone whose members
    are unknown at compile-time. For example, you may wish to require
    authentication of internal users before allowing them access to the
    internet. When a user is authenticated, the user's IP address is added to
    the zone of users permitted web access.</para>

    <para>Shorewall provides basic support for defining such zones. This
    support is based on <ulink
    url="http://ipset.netfilter.org/">ipset</ulink>. As of this writing, ipset
    is not included in the standard kernel distribution; so to use dynamic
    zones, you must be running kernel 2.6.20 or later and have installed the
    <ulink
    url="http://xtables-addons.sourceforge.net/">xtables-addons</ulink>.</para>
  </section>

  <section id="xtables-addons">
    <title>Installing xtables-addons</title>

    <para>The xtables-addons are fairly easy to install. You do not need to
    recompile your kernel.</para>

    <para><trademark>Debian</trademark> users can find xtables-addons-common
    and xtables-addons-source packages in <firstterm>testing</firstterm>. The
    kernel modules can be built and installed with the help of
    module-assistant. As of this writing, these packages are in the
    <firstterm>admin</firstterm> group rather than in the
    <firstterm>network</firstterm> group!!??</para>

    <para>For other users, the basic steps are as follows:</para>

    <orderedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para>Install gcc and make</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>Install the headers for the kernel you are running. In some
        distributions, such as <trademark>Debian</trademark> and
        <trademark>Ubuntu</trademark>, the packet is called kernel-headers.
        For other distrubutions, such as OpenSuSE, you must install the
        kernel-source package.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>download the iptables source tarball</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>untar the source</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>cd to the iptables source directory</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>run 'make'</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>as root, run 'make install'</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>Your new iptables binary will now be installed in
        /usr/local/sbin. Modify shorewall.conf to specify
        IPTABLES=/usr/local/sbin/iptables</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>Download the latest xtables-addons source tarball</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>Untar the xtables-addons source</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>cd to the xtables-addons source directory</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>run './configure'</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>run 'make'</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>As root, cd to the xtables-addons directory and run 'make
        install'.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>Restart shorewall</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>'shorewall show capabilities' should now indicate<emphasis
        role="bold"> Ipset Match: Available</emphasis></para>
      </listitem>
    </orderedlist>

    <para>You will have to repeat steps 10-13 each time that you receive a
    kernel upgrade from your distribution vendor. You can install
    xtables-addons before booting to the new kernel as follows
    (<emphasis>new-kernel-version</emphasis> is the version of the
    newly-installed kernel - example <emphasis
    role="bold">2.6.28.11-generic</emphasis>. Look in the /lib/modules
    directory to get the full version name)</para>

    <orderedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para>cd to the xtables-addons source directory</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>run 'make clean'</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>run './configure
        --with-kbuild=/lib/modules/<emphasis>new-kernel-version</emphasis>/build
        --with-ksource=/lib/modules/<emphasis>new-kernel-version</emphasis>/source'</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>run 'make'</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>As root, cd to the xtables-addons source directory and run 'make
        install'.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>As root, run 'depmod -a
        <emphasis>new-kernel-version'</emphasis></para>
      </listitem>
    </orderedlist>
  </section>

  <section id="defining">
    <title>Defining a Dynamic Zone</title>

    <para>A dynamic zone is defined by using the keyword dynamic in the zones
    host list.</para>

    <para>Example:</para>

    <blockquote>
      <para><filename>/etc/shorewall/zones</filename>:<programlisting>#NAME        TYPE             OPTIONS
loc          ipv4
webok:loc    ipv4</programlisting><filename>/etc/shorewall/interfaces</filename>:</para>

      <programlisting>#ZONE       INTERFACE      BROADCAST        OPTIONS
loc         eth0           -                …
</programlisting>

      <para><filename>/etc/shorewall/hosts</filename>:</para>

      <programlisting>#ZONE       HOSTS          OPTIONS
webok       eth0:dynamic</programlisting>
    </blockquote>

    <para>Once the above definition is added, Shorewall will automatically
    create an ipset named <emphasis>webok_eth0</emphasis> the next time that
    Shorewall is started or restarted. Shorewall will create an ipset of type
    <firstterm>iphash</firstterm>. If you want to use a different type of
    ipset, such as <firstterm>macipmap</firstterm>, then you will want to
    manually create that ipset yourself before the next Shorewall
    start/restart.</para>

    <para>The dynamic zone capability was added to Shorewall6 in Shorewall
    4.4.21.</para>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Adding a Host to a Dynamic Zone</title>

    <para>Adding a host to a dynamic zone is accomplished by adding the host's
    IP address to the appropriate ipset. Shorewall provldes a command for
    doing that:</para>

    <blockquote>
      <para><command>shorewall add</command> <replaceable>interface:address
      ...</replaceable> <replaceable>zone</replaceable></para>
    </blockquote>

    <para>Example:</para>

    <blockquote>
      <para><command>shorewall add eth0:192.168.3.4 webok</command></para>
    </blockquote>

    <para>The command can only be used when the ipset involved is of type
    iphash. For other ipset types, the <command>ipset</command> command must
    be used directly.</para>
  </section>

  <section id="delete">
    <title>Deleting a Host from a Dynamic Zone</title>

    <para>Deleting a host from a dynamic zone is accomplished by removing the
    host's IP address from the appropriate ipset. Shorewall provldes a command
    for doing that:</para>

    <blockquote>
      <para><command>shorewall delete</command> <replaceable>interface:address
      ...</replaceable> <replaceable>zone</replaceable></para>
    </blockquote>

    <para>Example:</para>

    <blockquote>
      <para><command>shorewall delete eth0:192.168.3.4 webok</command></para>
    </blockquote>

    <para>The command can only be used when the ipset involved is of type
    iphash. For other ipset types, the <command>ipset</command> command must
    be used directly.</para>
  </section>

  <section id="listing">
    <title>Listing the Contents of a Dynamic Zone</title>

    <para>The shorewall show command may be used to list the current contents
    of a dynamic zone.</para>

    <blockquote>
      <para><command>shorewall show dynamic</command>
      <replaceable>zone</replaceable></para>
    </blockquote>

    <para>Example:</para>

    <blockquote>
      <programlisting><command>shorewall show dynamic webok</command>
eth0:
   192.168.3.4
   192.168.3.9</programlisting>
    </blockquote>
  </section>

  <section id="start-stop">
    <title>Dynamic Zone Contents and Shorewall stop/start/restart</title>

    <para>The contents of a dynamic zone survive <command>shorewall
    stop/shorewall start</command> and <command>shorewall restart</command>.
    During <command>shorewall stop</command>, the contents of the ipsets are
    saved in the file <filename>${VARDIR}/ipsets.save</filename> (usually
    <filename>/var/lib/shorewall/ipsets.save</filename>). During
    <command>shorewall start</command>, the contents of that file are restored
    to the sets. During both <command>shorewall start</command> and
    <command>shorewall restart</command>, any new ipsets required as a result
    of a configuration change are added.</para>
  </section>

  <section id="restrictions">
    <title>Restrictions</title>

    <para>When using dynamic zones, you may not use ipsets in your <ulink
    url="manpages/shorewall-routestopped.html">/etc/shorewall/routestopped</ulink>
    file.</para>
  </section>
</article>
