shorewall_code/Shorewall-docs2/Shorewall_Squid_Usage.xml

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<article id="Shorewall_Squid_Usage">
  <!--$Id$-->

  <articleinfo>
    <title>Using Shorewall with Squid</title>

    <authorgroup>
      <author>
        <firstname>Tom</firstname>

        <surname>Eastep</surname>
      </author>
    </authorgroup>

    <pubdate>2004-07-20</pubdate>

    <copyright>
      <year>2003-2004</year>

      <holder>Thomas M. Eastep</holder>
    </copyright>

    <legalnotice>
      <para>Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
      document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version
      1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with
      no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover, and with no Back-Cover
      Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
      <quote><ulink url="GnuCopyright.htm">GNU Free Documentation License</ulink></quote>.</para>
    </legalnotice>
  </articleinfo>

  <para>This page covers Shorewall configuration to use with <ulink
  url="http://www.squid-cache.org">Squid</ulink> running as a Transparent
  Proxy or as a Manual Proxy.</para>

  <para>If you are running Shorewall 1.3, please see <ulink
  url="1.3/Shorewall_Squid_Usage.html">this documentation</ulink>.</para>

  <section>
    <title>Squid as a Transparent Proxy</title>

    <caution>
      <para>Please observe the following general requirements:</para>

      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>In all cases, Squid should be configured to run as a transrent
          proxy as described at <ulink
          url="http://tldp.org/HOWTO/mini/TransparentProxy.html">http://tldp.org/HOWTO/mini/TransparentProxy.html</ulink>.</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>The following instructions mention the files
          /etc/shorewall/start and /etc/shorewall/init -- if you don&#39;t
          have those files, siimply create them.</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>When the Squid server is in the DMZ zone or in the local zone,
          that zone must be defined ONLY by its interface -- no
          /etc/shorewall/hosts file entries. That is because the packets being
          routed to the Squid server still have their original destination IP
          addresses.</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>You must have iptables installed on your Squid server.</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>If you run a Shorewall version earlier than 1.4.6, you must
          have NAT and MANGLE enabled in your /etc/shorewall/conf file</para>

          <programlisting>NAT_ENABLED=Yes
MANGLE_ENABLED=Yes</programlisting>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
    </caution>

    <caution>
      <para>In the instructions below, only TCP Port 80 is opened from the
      system running Squid to the internet. If your users require browsing
      sites that use a port other than 80 (e.g., http://www.domain.tld:<emphasis
      role="bold">8080</emphasis>) then you must open those ports as well.</para>
    </caution>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Configurations</title>

    <para>Three different configurations are covered:</para>

    <simplelist>
      <member>Squid (transparent) Running on the Firewall</member>

      <member>Squid (transparent) Running in the local Network</member>

      <member>Squid (transparent) Running in a DMZ</member>
    </simplelist>

    <section id="Firewall">
      <title>Squid (transparent) Running on the Firewall</title>

      <para>You want to redirect all local www connection requests EXCEPT
      those to your own http server (206.124.146.177) to a Squid transparent
      proxy running on the firewall and listening on port 3128. Squid will of
      course require access to remote web servers.</para>

      <para>In <filename>/etc/shorewall/rules</filename>:</para>

      <programlisting>#ACTION   SOURCE     DEST     PROTO    DEST PORT(S)     SOURCE     ORIGINAL
#                                                       PORT(S)    DEST
REDIRECT  loc        3128     tcp      www              -          !206.124.146.177
ACCEPT    fw         net      tcp      www</programlisting>

      <para>There may be a requirement to exclude additional destination hosts
      or networks from being redirected. For example, you might also want
      requests destined for 130.252.100.0/24 to not be routed to Squid.</para>

      <para>If you are running Shorewall version 1.4.5 or later, you may just
      add the additional hosts/networks to the ORIGINAL DEST column in your
      REDIRECT rule.</para>

      <para><filename>/etc/shorewall/rules</filename>:<programlisting>#ACTION   SOURCE     DEST     PROTO    DEST PORT(S)     SOURCE     ORIGINAL
#                                                       PORT(S)    DEST
REDIRECT  loc        3128     tcp      www              -          !206.124.146.177,130.252.100.0/24</programlisting></para>

      <para>If you are running a Shorewall version earlier than 1.4.5, you
      must add a manual rule in /etc/shorewall/start:</para>

      <programlisting><command>run_iptables -t nat -I loc_dnat -p tcp --dport www -d 130.252.100.0/24 -j RETURN</command></programlisting>

      <para>To exclude additional hosts or networks, just add additional
      similar rules.</para>
    </section>

    <section id="Local">
      <title>Squid (transparent) Running in the local network</title>

      <para>You want to redirect all local www connection requests to a Squid
      transparent proxy running in your local zone at 192.168.1.3 and
      listening on port 3128. Your local interface is eth1. There may also be
      a web server running on 192.168.1.3. It is assumed that web access is
      already enabled from the local zone to the internet..</para>

      <orderedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>* On your firewall system, issue the following command</para>

          <programlisting><command>echo 202 www.out &#62;&#62; /etc/iproute2/rt_tables</command></programlisting>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>In /etc/shorewall/init, put:</para>

          <programlisting><command>if [ -z &#34;`ip rule list | grep www.out`&#34; ] ; then
        ip rule add fwmark CA table www.out # Note 0xCA = 202
        ip route add default via 192.168.1.3 dev eth1 table www.out
        ip route flush cache
        echo 0 &#62; /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/eth1/send_redirects
fi</command></programlisting>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <important>
            <para>If you are running Shorewall 1.4.1 or Shorewall 1.4.1a,
            please upgrade to Shorewall 1.4.2 or later.</para>
          </important>

          <para>If you are running Shorewall 1.4.2 or later, then in
          <filename>/etc/shorewall/interfaces</filename>:</para>

          <programlisting>#ZONE   INTERFACE    BROADCAST    OPTIONS
loc     eth1         detect       <emphasis role="bold">routeback</emphasis>    </programlisting>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>In /etc/shorewall/rules:</para>

          <programlisting>#ACTION   SOURCE    DEST     PROTO   DEST PORT(S)
ACCEPT    loc       loc      tcp     www</programlisting>

          <orderedlist numeration="loweralpha">
            <listitem>
              <para>Alternativfely, if you are running Shorewall 1.4.0 you can
              have the following policy in place of the above rule.</para>

              <para><filename>/etc/shorewall/policy</filename></para>

              <programlisting>#SOURCE   DESTINATION   POLICY
loc       loc           ACCEPT</programlisting>
            </listitem>
          </orderedlist>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>In <filename>/etc/shorewall/start</filename> add:</para>

          <programlisting><command>iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -i eth1 -s ! 192.168.1.3 -p tcp --dport 80 -j MARK --set-mark 202</command></programlisting>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>On 192.168.1.3, arrange for the following command to be
          executed after networking has come up</para>

          <programlisting><command>iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -d ! 192.168.1.3 -p tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 3128</command></programlisting>

          <para>If you are running RedHat on the server, you can simply
          execute the following commands after you have typed the iptables
          command above:</para>

          <programlisting><command>iptables-save &#62; /etc/sysconfig/iptables
chkconfig --level 35 iptables on</command></programlisting>
        </listitem>
      </orderedlist>
    </section>

    <section id="DMZ">
      <title>Squid (transparent) Running in the DMZ</title>

      <para>You have a single Linux system in your DMZ with IP address
      192.0.2.177. You want to run both a web server and Squid on that system.
      Your DMZ interface is eth1 and your local interface is eth2.</para>

      <orderedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>On your firewall system, issue the following command</para>

          <programlisting><command>echo 202 www.out &#62;&#62; /etc/iproute2/rt_tables</command></programlisting>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>In /etc/shorewall/init, put:</para>

          <programlisting><command>if [ -z &#34;`ip rule list | grep www.out`&#34; ] ; then
        ip rule add fwmark CA table www.out # Note 0xCA = 202
        ip route add default via 192.0.2.177 dev eth1 table www.out
        ip route flush cache
fi</command></programlisting>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>Do <emphasis role="bold">one</emphasis> of the following:</para>

          <orderedlist numeration="loweralpha">
            <listitem>
              <para>In <filename>/etc/shorewall/start</filename> add</para>

              <programlisting><command>iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -i eth2 -p tcp --dport 80 -j MARK --set-mark 202</command></programlisting>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para>Set MARK_IN_FORWARD_CHAIN=No in <filename>/etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf</filename>
              and add the following entry in <filename>/etc/shorewall/tcrules</filename>:</para>

              <programlisting>#MARK   SOURCE   DESTINATION    PROTOCOL    PORT
202     eth2     0.0.0.0/0      tcp         80</programlisting>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para>Run Shorewall 1.3.14 or later and add the following entry
              in <filename>/etc/shorewall/tcrules</filename>:</para>

              <programlisting>#MARK   SOURCE   DESTINATION    PROTOCOL    PORT
202:P   eth2     0.0.0.0/0      tcp         80</programlisting>
            </listitem>
          </orderedlist>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>In <filename>/etc/shorewall/rules</filename>, you will need:</para>

          <programlisting>#ACTION   SOURCE   DEST   PROTO   DEST PORT(S)
ACCEPT    loc      dmz    tcp     80
ACCEPT    dmz      net    tcp     80</programlisting>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>On 192.0.2.177 (your Web/Squid server), arrange for the
          following command to be executed after networking has come up</para>

          <programlisting><command>iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -d ! 192.0.2.177 -p tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 3128</command></programlisting>

          <para>If you are running RedHat on the server, you can simply
          execute the following commands after you have typed the iptables
          command above:</para>

          <programlisting><command>iptables-save &#62; /etc/sysconfig/iptables
chkconfig --level 35 iptables on</command></programlisting>
        </listitem>
      </orderedlist>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Squid as a Manual Proxy</title>

    <para>Assume that Squid is running in zone SZ and listening on port SP;
    all web sites that are to be accessed through Squid are in the
    <quote>net</quote> zone. Then for each zone Z that needs access to the
    Squid server.</para>

    <para><filename>/etc/shorewall/rules</filename>:</para>

    <programlisting>#ACTION   SOURCE   DEST   PROTO   DEST PORT(S)
ACCEPT    Z        SZ     tcp     SP
ACCEPT    SZ       net    tcp     80,443</programlisting>

    <example>
      <title>Squid on the firewall listening on port 8080 with access from the
      <quote>loc</quote> zone:</title>

      <para><filename>/etc/shorewall/rules:</filename><programlisting>#ACTION   SOURCE   DEST   PROTO    DEST PORT(S)
ACCEPT    loc      fw     tcp      8080
ACCEPT    fw       net    tcp      80,443</programlisting></para>
    </example>
  </section>
</article>