shorewall_code/Shorewall-docs/Shorewall_Squid_Usage.xml

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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
<article id="Shorewall_Squid_Usage">
  <!--$Id$-->

  <articleinfo>
    <title>Using Shorewall with Squid</title>

    <authorgroup>
      <author>
        <firstname>Tom</firstname>

        <surname>Eastep</surname>
      </author>
    </authorgroup>

    <pubdate>2003-10-17</pubdate>

    <copyright>
      <year>2003</year>

      <holder>Thomas M. Eastep</holder>
    </copyright>

    <legalnotice>
      <para>Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
      document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version
      1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with
      no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover, and with no Back-Cover
      Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
      <quote><ulink url="GnuCopyright.htm">GNU Free Documentation License</ulink></quote>.</para>
    </legalnotice>
  </articleinfo>

  <para><ulink url="http://www.squid-cache.org/"><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata
  align="left" fileref="images/squidnow.gif" /></imageobject></inlinemediaobject></ulink>
  <ulink url="http://www.squid-cache.org/"><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata
  align="right" fileref="images/cache_now.gif" /></imageobject></inlinemediaobject></ulink></para>

  <para>This page covers Shorewall configuration to use with Squid running as
  a Transparent Proxy or as a Manual Proxy.</para>

  <para>If you are running Shorewall 1.3, please see <ulink
  url="1.3/Shorewall_Squid_Usage.html">this documentation</ulink>.</para>

  <section>
    <title>Squid as a Transparent Proxy</title>

    <caution>
      <para>Please observe the following general requirements:</para>

      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>In all cases, Squid should be configured to run as a
          transparent proxy as described at
          http://tldp.org/HOWTO/mini/TransparentProxy.html.</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>The following instructions mention the files
          /etc/shorewall/start and /etc/shorewall/init -- if you don&#39;t
          have those files, siimply create them.</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>When the Squid server is in the DMZ zone or in the local zone,
          that zone must be defined ONLY by its interface -- no
          /etc/shorewall/hosts file entries. That is because the packets being
          routed to the Squid server still have their original destination IP
          addresses.</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>You must have iptables installed on your Squid server.</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>If you run a Shorewall version earlier than 1.4.6, you must
          have NAT and MANGLE enabled in your /etc/shorewall/conf file</para>

          <programlisting>NAT_ENABLED=Yes
MANGLE_ENABLED=Yes</programlisting>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
    </caution>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Configurations</title>

    <para>Three different configurations are covered:</para>

    <simplelist>
      <member><xref linkend="Firewall" /></member>

      <member><xref linkend="Local" /></member>

      <member><xref linkend="DMZ" /></member>
    </simplelist>

    <section id="Firewall">
      <title>Squid (transparent) Running on the Firewall</title>

      <para>You want to redirect all local www connection requests EXCEPT
      those to your own http server (206.124.146.177) to a Squid transparent
      proxy running on the firewall and listening on port 3128. Squid will of
      course require access to remote web servers.</para>

      <para>In /etc/shorewall/rules:</para>

      <table>
        <title>/etc/shorewall/rules</title>

        <tgroup cols="7">
          <thead>
            <row>
              <entry align="center">ACTION</entry>

              <entry align="center">SOURCE</entry>

              <entry align="center">DEST</entry>

              <entry align="center">PROTO</entry>

              <entry align="center">DEST PORT(S)</entry>

              <entry align="center">SOURCE PORT(S)</entry>

              <entry align="center">ORIGINAL DEST</entry>
            </row>
          </thead>

          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>REDIRECT</entry>

              <entry>loc</entry>

              <entry>3128</entry>

              <entry>tcp</entry>

              <entry>www</entry>

              <entry>-</entry>

              <entry>!206.124.146.177</entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry>ACCEPT</entry>

              <entry>fw</entry>

              <entry>net</entry>

              <entry>tcp</entry>

              <entry>www</entry>

              <entry></entry>

              <entry></entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </table>

      <para>There may be a requirement to exclude additional destination hosts
      or networks from being redirected. For example, you might also want
      requests destined for 130.252.100.0/24 to not be routed to Squid.</para>

      <para>If you are running Shorewall version 1.4.5 or later, you may just
      add the additional hosts/networks to the ORIGINAL DEST column in your
      REDIRECT rule:</para>

      <table>
        <title>/etc/shorewall/rules</title>

        <tgroup cols="7">
          <thead>
            <row>
              <entry align="center">ACTION</entry>

              <entry align="center">SOURCE</entry>

              <entry align="center">DEST</entry>

              <entry align="center">PROTO</entry>

              <entry align="center">DEST PORT(S)</entry>

              <entry align="center">SOURCE PORT(S)</entry>

              <entry align="center">ORIGINAL DEST</entry>
            </row>
          </thead>

          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>REDIRECT</entry>

              <entry>loc</entry>

              <entry>3128</entry>

              <entry>tcp</entry>

              <entry>www</entry>

              <entry>-</entry>

              <entry>!206.124.146.177,130.252.100.0/24</entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </table>

      <para>If you are running a Shorewall version earlier than 1.4.5, you
      must add a manual rule in /etc/shorewall/start:</para>

      <programlisting>run_iptables -t nat -I loc_dnat -p tcp --dport www -d 130.252.100.0/24 -j RETURN</programlisting>

      <para>To exclude additional hosts or networks, just add additional
      similar rules.</para>
    </section>

    <section id="Local">
      <title>Squid (transparent) Running in the local network</title>

      <para>You want to redirect all local www connection requests to a Squid
      transparent proxy running in your local zone at 192.168.1.3 and
      listening on port 3128. Your local interface is eth1. There may also be
      a web server running on 192.168.1.3. It is assumed that web access is
      already enabled from the local zone to the internet..</para>

      <orderedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>* On your firewall system, issue the following command</para>

          <programlisting>echo 202 www.out &#62;&#62; /etc/iproute2/rt_tables</programlisting>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>In /etc/shorewall/init, put:</para>

          <programlisting>if [ -z &#34;`ip rule list | grep www.out`&#34; ] ; then
        ip rule add fwmark 202 table www.out
        ip route add default via 192.168.1.3 dev eth1 table www.out
        ip route flush cache
        echo 0 &#62; /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/eth1/send_redirects
fi</programlisting>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <important>
            <para>If you are running Shorewall 1.4.1 or Shorewall 1.4.1a,
            please upgrade to Shorewall 1.4.2 or later.</para>
          </important>

          <para>If you are running Shorewall 1.4.2 or later, then in
          /etc/shorewall/interfaces:</para>

          <table>
            <title>/etc/shorewall/interfaces</title>

            <tgroup cols="4">
              <thead>
                <row>
                  <entry align="center">ZONE</entry>

                  <entry align="center">INTERFACE</entry>

                  <entry align="center">BROADCAST</entry>

                  <entry align="center">OPTIONS</entry>
                </row>
              </thead>

              <tbody>
                <row>
                  <entry>loc</entry>

                  <entry>eth1</entry>

                  <entry>detect</entry>

                  <entry><emphasis role="bold">routeback</emphasis></entry>
                </row>
              </tbody>
            </tgroup>
          </table>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>In /etc/shorewall/rules:</para>

          <table>
            <title>/etc/shorewall/rules</title>

            <tgroup cols="7">
              <thead>
                <row>
                  <entry align="center">ACTION</entry>

                  <entry align="center">SOURCE</entry>

                  <entry align="center">DEST</entry>

                  <entry align="center">PROTO</entry>

                  <entry align="center">DEST PORT(S)</entry>

                  <entry align="center">SOURCE PORT(S)</entry>

                  <entry align="center">ORIGINAL DEST</entry>
                </row>
              </thead>

              <tbody>
                <row>
                  <entry>ACCEPT</entry>

                  <entry>loc</entry>

                  <entry>loc</entry>

                  <entry>tcp</entry>

                  <entry>www</entry>

                  <entry></entry>

                  <entry></entry>
                </row>
              </tbody>
            </tgroup>
          </table>

          <orderedlist numeration="loweralpha">
            <listitem>
              <para>Alternativfely, if you are running Shorewall 1.4.0 you can
              have the following policy in place of the above rule:</para>

              <table>
                <title>/etc/shorewall/policy</title>

                <tgroup cols="5">
                  <thead>
                    <row>
                      <entry align="center">SOURCE</entry>

                      <entry align="center">DESTINATION</entry>

                      <entry align="center">POLICY</entry>

                      <entry align="center">LOG LEVEL</entry>

                      <entry align="center">BURST PARAMETERS</entry>
                    </row>
                  </thead>

                  <tbody>
                    <row>
                      <entry>loc</entry>

                      <entry>loc</entry>

                      <entry>ACCEPT</entry>

                      <entry></entry>

                      <entry></entry>
                    </row>
                  </tbody>
                </tgroup>
              </table>
            </listitem>
          </orderedlist>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>In /etc/shorewall/start add:</para>

          <programlisting>iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -i eth1 -s ! 192.168.1.3 -p tcp --dport 80 -j MARK --set-mark 202</programlisting>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>On 192.168.1.3, arrange for the following command to be
          executed after networking has come up</para>

          <programlisting>iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -d ! 192.168.1.3 -p tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 3128</programlisting>

          <para>If you are running RedHat on the server, you can simply
          execute the following commands after you have typed the iptables
          command above:</para>

          <programlisting>iptables-save &#62; /etc/sysconfig/iptables
chkconfig --level 35 iptables on</programlisting>
        </listitem>
      </orderedlist>
    </section>

    <section id="DMZ">
      <title>Squid (transparent) Running in the DMZ (This is what I do)</title>

      <para>You have a single Linux system in your DMZ with IP address
      192.0.2.177. You want to run both a web server and Squid on that system.
      Your DMZ interface is eth1 and your local interface is eth2.</para>

      <orderedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>On your firewall system, issue the following command</para>

          <programlisting>echo 202 www.out &#62;&#62; /etc/iproute2/rt_tables</programlisting>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>In /etc/shorewall/init, put:</para>

          <programlisting>if [ -z &#34;`ip rule list | grep www.out`&#34; ] ; then
        ip rule add fwmark 202 table www.out
        ip route add default via 192.0.2.177 dev eth1 table www.out
        ip route flush cache
fi</programlisting>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>Do <emphasis role="bold">one</emphasis> of the following:</para>

          <orderedlist numeration="loweralpha">
            <listitem>
              <para>In /etc/shorewall/start add</para>

              <programlisting>iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -i eth2 -p tcp --dport 80 -j MARK --set-mark 202</programlisting>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para>Set MARK_IN_FORWARD_CHAIN=No in
              /etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf and add the following entry in
              /etc/shorewall/tcrules:</para>

              <table>
                <title>/etc/shorewall/tcrules</title>

                <tgroup cols="6">
                  <thead>
                    <row>
                      <entry align="center">MARK</entry>

                      <entry align="center">SOURCE</entry>

                      <entry align="center">DESTINATION</entry>

                      <entry align="center">PROTOCOL</entry>

                      <entry align="center">PORT</entry>

                      <entry align="center">CLIENT PORT</entry>
                    </row>
                  </thead>

                  <tbody>
                    <row>
                      <entry>202</entry>

                      <entry>eth2</entry>

                      <entry>0.0.0.0/0</entry>

                      <entry>tcp</entry>

                      <entry>80</entry>

                      <entry>-</entry>
                    </row>
                  </tbody>
                </tgroup>
              </table>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para>Run Shorewall 1.3.14 or later and add the following entry
              in /etc/shorewall/tcrules:</para>

              <table>
                <title>/etc/shorewall/tcrules</title>

                <tgroup cols="6">
                  <thead>
                    <row>
                      <entry align="center">MARK</entry>

                      <entry align="center">SOURCE</entry>

                      <entry align="center">DESTINATION</entry>

                      <entry align="center">PROTOCOL</entry>

                      <entry align="center">PORT</entry>

                      <entry align="center">CLIENT PORT</entry>
                    </row>
                  </thead>

                  <tbody>
                    <row>
                      <entry>202:P</entry>

                      <entry>eth2</entry>

                      <entry>0.0.0.0/0</entry>

                      <entry>tcp</entry>

                      <entry>80</entry>

                      <entry>-</entry>
                    </row>
                  </tbody>
                </tgroup>
              </table>
            </listitem>
          </orderedlist>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>In /etc/shorewall/rules, you will need:</para>

          <table>
            <title>/etc/shorewall/rules</title>

            <tgroup cols="7">
              <thead>
                <row>
                  <entry align="center">ACTION</entry>

                  <entry align="center">SOURCE</entry>

                  <entry align="center">DEST</entry>

                  <entry align="center">PROTO</entry>

                  <entry align="center">DEST PORT(S)</entry>

                  <entry align="center">CLIENT PORT(2)</entry>

                  <entry align="center">ORIGINAL DEST</entry>
                </row>
              </thead>

              <tbody>
                <row>
                  <entry>ACCEPT</entry>

                  <entry>loc</entry>

                  <entry>dmz</entry>

                  <entry>tcp</entry>

                  <entry>80</entry>

                  <entry></entry>

                  <entry></entry>
                </row>

                <row>
                  <entry>ACCEPT</entry>

                  <entry>dmz</entry>

                  <entry>net</entry>

                  <entry>tcp</entry>

                  <entry>80</entry>

                  <entry></entry>

                  <entry></entry>
                </row>
              </tbody>
            </tgroup>
          </table>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>On 192.0.2.177 (your Web/Squid server), arrange for the
          following command to be executed after networking has come up</para>

          <programlisting>iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -d ! 192.0.2.177 -p tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 3128</programlisting>

          <para>If you are running RedHat on the server, you can simply
          execute the following commands after you have typed the iptables
          command above:</para>

          <programlisting>iptables-save &#62; /etc/sysconfig/iptables
chkconfig --level 35 iptables on</programlisting>
        </listitem>
      </orderedlist>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Squid as a Manual Proxy</title>

    <para>Assume that Squid is running in zone SZ and listening on port SP;
    all web sites that are to be accessed through Squid are in the
    <quote>net</quote> zone. Then for each zone Z that needs access to the
    Squid server:</para>

    <table>
      <title>/etc/shorewall/rules</title>

      <tgroup cols="7">
        <thead>
          <row>
            <entry align="center">ACTION</entry>

            <entry align="center">SOURCE</entry>

            <entry align="center">DEST</entry>

            <entry align="center">PROTO</entry>

            <entry align="center">DEST PORT(S)</entry>

            <entry align="center">CLIENT PORT(2)</entry>

            <entry align="center">ORIGINAL DEST</entry>
          </row>
        </thead>

        <tbody>
          <row>
            <entry>ACCEPT</entry>

            <entry>Z</entry>

            <entry>SZ</entry>

            <entry>tcp</entry>

            <entry>SP</entry>

            <entry></entry>

            <entry></entry>
          </row>

          <row>
            <entry>ACCEPT</entry>

            <entry>SZ</entry>

            <entry>net</entry>

            <entry>tcp</entry>

            <entry>80</entry>

            <entry></entry>

            <entry></entry>
          </row>
        </tbody>
      </tgroup>
    </table>

    <example>
      <title>Squid on the firewall listening on port 8080 with access from the
      <quote>loc</quote> zone:</title>

      <para><table><title>/etc/shorewall/rules</title><tgroup cols="7"><thead><row><entry
      align="center">ACTION</entry><entry align="center">SOURCE</entry><entry
      align="center">DEST</entry><entry align="center">PROTO</entry><entry
      align="center">DEST PORT(S)</entry><entry align="center">CLIENT PORT(2)</entry><entry
      align="center">ORIGINAL DEST</entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry>ACCEPT</entry><entry>loc</entry><entry>$FW</entry><entry>tcp</entry><entry>8080</entry><entry></entry><entry></entry></row><row><entry>ACCEPT</entry><entry>$FW</entry><entry>net</entry><entry>tcp</entry><entry>80</entry><entry></entry><entry></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></para>
    </example>
  </section>
</article>