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<meta name="ProgId" content="FrontPage.Editor.Document">
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type"
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content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
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<title>Starting and Stopping Shorewall</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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2002-08-13 22:45:21 +02:00
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"
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style="border-collapse: collapse;" bordercolor="#111111" width="100%"
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id="AutoNumber1" bgcolor="#400169" height="90">
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td width="100%">
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2003-03-07 00:41:31 +01:00
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<h1 align="center"><font color="#ffffff">Starting/Stopping and Monitoring
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the Firewall</font></h1>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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2003-03-07 00:41:31 +01:00
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<p> If you have a permanent internet connection such as DSL or Cable,
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I recommend that you start the firewall automatically at boot.
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Once you have installed "firewall" in your init.d directory, simply
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type "chkconfig --add firewall". This will start the firewall
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in run levels 2-5 and stop it in run levels 1 and 6. If you want
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to configure your firewall differently from this default, you can
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use the "--level" option in chkconfig (see "man chkconfig") or using
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your favorite graphical run-level editor.</p>
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<p><strong><u> <font color="#000099"> Important Notes:</font></u></strong><br>
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</p>
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<ol>
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<li>Shorewall startup is disabled by default. Once you have
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configured your firewall, you can enable startup by removing the file
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/etc/shorewall/startup_disabled. Note: Users of the .deb package must
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edit /etc/default/shorewall and set 'startup=1'.<br>
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</li>
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<li>If you use dialup, you may want to start the firewall
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in your /etc/ppp/ip-up.local script. I recommend just placing
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"shorewall restart" in that script.</li>
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</ol>
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<p>
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</p>
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2003-03-07 00:41:31 +01:00
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<p> You can manually start and stop Shoreline Firewall using the "shorewall"
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shell program: </p>
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<ul>
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<li>shorewall start - starts the firewall</li>
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<li>shorewall stop - stops the firewall</li>
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<li>shorewall restart - stops the firewall (if it's
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running) and then starts it again</li>
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<li>shorewall reset - reset the packet and byte counters
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in the firewall</li>
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<li>shorewall clear - remove all rules and chains
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installed by Shoreline Firewall</li>
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<li>shorewall refresh - refresh the rules involving the broadcast
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addresses of firewall interfaces, <a
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href="blacklisting_support.htm">the black list</a>, <a
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href="traffic_shaping.htm">traffic control rules</a> and <a
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href="ECN.html">ECN control rules</a>.</li>
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</ul>
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If you include the keyword <i>debug</i> as the first argument, then
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a shell trace of the command is produced as in:<br>
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<pre> <font color="#009900"><b>shorewall debug start 2> /tmp/trace</b></font><br></pre>
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<p>The above command would trace the 'start' command and place the trace
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information in the file /tmp/trace<br>
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</p>
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<p>The <a href="#StateDiagram">Shorewall State Diagram</a> is shown at the
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bottom of this page.<br>
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</p>
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<p>The "shorewall" program may also be used to monitor the firewall.</p>
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<ul>
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<li>shorewall status - produce a verbose report about the
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firewall (iptables -L -n -v)</li>
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<li>shorewall show <i>chain</i> - produce a verbose report
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about <i>chain </i>(iptables -L <i>chain</i> -n -v)</li>
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<li>shorewall show nat - produce a verbose report about the
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nat table (iptables -t nat -L -n -v)</li>
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<li>shorewall show tos - produce a verbose report about the
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mangle table (iptables -t mangle -L -n -v)</li>
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<li>shorewall show log - display the last 20 packet log entries.</li>
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<li>shorewall show connections - displays the IP connections
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currently being tracked by the firewall.</li>
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<li>shorewall
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show
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tc - displays
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information about the traffic control/shaping configuration.</li>
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<li>shorewall monitor [ delay ] - Continuously display the
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firewall status, last 20 log entries and nat. When the log
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entry display changes, an audible alarm is sounded.</li>
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<li>shorewall hits - Produces several reports about the Shorewall
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packet log messages in the current /var/log/messages file.</li>
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<li>shorewall version - Displays the installed version
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number.</li>
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<li>shorewall check - Performs a <u>cursory</u> validation of the
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zones, interfaces, hosts, rules and policy files.<br>
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<br>
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<font size="4" color="#ff6666"><b>The "check" command is totally unsuppored
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and does not parse and validate the generated iptables commands. Even
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though the "check" command completes successfully, the configuration
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may fail to start. Problem reports that complain about errors that the 'check'
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command does not detect will not be accepted.<br>
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<br>
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See the recommended way to make configuration changes described below.</b></font><br>
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<br>
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</li>
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<li>shorewall try<i> configuration-directory</i> [<i> timeout</i>
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] - Restart shorewall using the specified configuration and if an
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error occurs or if the<i> timeout </i> option is given and the new
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configuration has been up for that many seconds then shorewall is
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restarted using the standard configuration.</li>
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<li>shorewall deny, shorewall reject, shorewall accept and
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shorewall save implement <a href="blacklisting_support.htm">dynamic
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blacklisting</a>.</li>
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<li>shorewall logwatch (added in version 1.3.2) - Monitors
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the <a href="#Conf">LOGFILE </a>and produces an audible alarm when
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new Shorewall messages are logged.</li>
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</ul>
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Finally, the "shorewall" program may be used to dynamically alter
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the contents of a zone.<br>
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2002-11-09 19:06:34 +01:00
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<ul>
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<li>shorewall add <i>interface</i>[:<i>host]</i> <i>zone </i>-
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Adds the specified interface (and host if included) to the specified
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zone.</li>
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<li>shorewall delete <i>interface</i>[:<i>host]</i> <i>zone </i>-
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Deletes the specified interface (and host if included) from the specified
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zone.</li>
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</ul>
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2003-01-14 18:18:42 +01:00
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<blockquote>Examples:<br>
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<blockquote><font color="#009900"><b>shorewall add ipsec0:192.0.2.24 vpn1</b></font>
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-- adds the address 192.0.2.24 from interface ipsec0 to the zone vpn1<br>
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<font color="#009900"><b> shorewall delete ipsec0:192.0.2.24
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vpn1</b></font> -- deletes the address 192.0.2.24 from interface ipsec0
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from zone vpn1<br>
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</blockquote>
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</blockquote>
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<p> The <b>shorewall start</b>, <b>shorewall restart, shorewall check, </b>and
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<b>shorewall try </b>commands allow you to specify which <a
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href="configuration_file_basics.htm#Configs"> Shorewall configuration</a>
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to use:</p>
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<blockquote>
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2003-02-28 03:12:52 +01:00
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<p> shorewall [ -c <i>configuration-directory</i> ] {start|restart|check}<br>
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shorewall try <i>configuration-directory</i></p>
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</blockquote>
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<p> If a <i>configuration-directory</i> is specified, each time that Shorewall
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is going to use a file in /etc/shorewall it will first look in the
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<i>configuration-directory</i> . If the file is present in the <i>configuration-directory</i>,
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that file will be used; otherwise, the file in /etc/shorewall will be
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used.</p>
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2003-03-07 00:41:31 +01:00
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<p> When changing the configuration of a production firewall, I recommend
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the following:</p>
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<ul>
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<li><font color="#009900"><b>mkdir /etc/test</b></font></li>
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<li><font color="#009900"><b>cd /etc/test</b></font></li>
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<li><copy any files that you need to change from
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/etc/shorewall to . and change them here></li>
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<li><font color="#009900"><b>shorewall -c . check</b></font></li>
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<li><correct any errors found by check and check again></li>
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<li><font color="#009900"><b>/sbin/shorewall
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try .</b></font></li>
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</ul>
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2003-03-07 00:41:31 +01:00
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<p> If the configuration starts but doesn't work, just "shorewall restart"
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to restore the old configuration. If the new configuration fails
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to start, the "try" command will automatically start the old one for
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you.</p>
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2002-09-29 23:42:38 +02:00
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2003-03-07 00:41:31 +01:00
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2002-09-29 23:42:38 +02:00
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<p> When the new configuration works then just </p>
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2003-03-07 00:41:31 +01:00
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2002-09-29 23:42:38 +02:00
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<ul>
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2003-03-07 00:41:31 +01:00
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<li><font color="#009900"><b>cp * /etc/shorewall</b></font></li>
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2003-03-07 00:41:31 +01:00
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<li><font color="#009900"><b>cd</b></font></li>
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2003-03-07 00:41:31 +01:00
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<li><font color="#009900"><b>rm -rf /etc/test</b></font></li>
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2002-08-13 22:45:21 +02:00
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</ul>
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2003-03-07 00:41:31 +01:00
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2003-01-31 22:50:51 +01:00
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<p><a name="StateDiagram"></a>The Shorewall State Diargram is depicted below.<br>
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</p>
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2003-02-20 00:21:55 +01:00
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<div align="center"><img src="images/State_Diagram.png"
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alt="(State Diagram)" width="747" height="714" align="middle">
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<br>
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</div>
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2003-02-25 20:24:41 +01:00
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<p><EFBFBD> <br>
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2003-03-07 00:41:31 +01:00
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</p>
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You will note that the commands that result in state transitions
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use the word "firewall" rather than "shorewall". That is because the actual
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transitions are done by /usr/lib/shorewall/firewall (/usr/share/shorewall/firewall
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on Debian); /sbin/shorewall runs 'firewall" according to the following table:<br>
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<br>
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2003-01-31 22:50:51 +01:00
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<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" border="1">
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2003-03-07 00:41:31 +01:00
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top">shorewall start<br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top">firewall start<br>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top">shorewall stop<br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top">firewall stop<br>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top">shorewall restart<br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top">firewall restart<br>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top">shorewall add<br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top">firewall add<br>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top">shorewall delete<br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top">firewall delete<br>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top">shorewall refresh<br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top">firewall refresh<br>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top">shorewall try<br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top">firewall -c <new configuration> restart<br>
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If unsuccessful then firewall start (standard configuration)<br>
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If timeout then firewall restart (standard configuration)<br>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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2003-01-31 22:50:51 +01:00
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</table>
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2003-03-07 00:41:31 +01:00
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<br>
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<p><font size="2"> Updated 2/27/2003 - <a href="support.htm">Tom Eastep</a>
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2003-02-28 03:12:52 +01:00
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</font></p>
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2002-08-13 22:45:21 +02:00
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2003-03-07 00:41:31 +01:00
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<p><font face="Trebuchet MS"><a href="copyright.htm"><font size="2">Copyright</font>
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<20> <font size="2">2001, 2002, 2003 Thomas M. Eastep.</font></a></font><br>
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</p>
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<br>
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2002-09-29 23:42:38 +02:00
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</body>
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</html>
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