shorewall_code/docs/ports.xml

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<article>
  <articleinfo>
    <title>Ports Required for Various Services/Applications</title>

    <authorgroup>
      <author>
        <firstname>Tom</firstname>

        <surname>Eastep</surname>
      </author>
    </authorgroup>

    <pubdate><?dbtimestamp format="Y/m/d"?></pubdate>

    <copyright>
      <year>2001-2006</year>

      <holder>Thomas M. Eastep</holder>
    </copyright>

    <legalnotice>
      <para>Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
      document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version
      1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with
      no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover, and with no Back-Cover
      Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
      <quote><ulink url="GnuCopyright.htm">GNU Free Documentation
      License</ulink></quote>.</para>
    </legalnotice>

    <abstract>
      <para>In addition to those applications described in the
      /etc/shorewall/rules documentation, here are some other
      services/applications that you may need to configure your firewall to
      accommodate.</para>
    </abstract>
  </articleinfo>

  <caution>
    <para><emphasis role="bold">This article applies to Shorewall 3.0 and
    later. If you are running a version of Shorewall earlier than Shorewall
    3.0.0 then please see the documentation for that release</emphasis></para>
  </caution>

  <section>
    <title>Important Notes</title>

    <note>
      <para>Shorewall distribution contains a library of user-defined macros
      that allow for easily allowing or blocking a particular application.
      <command>ls <filename>/usr/share/shorewall/</filename>macro.*</command>
      for the list of macros in your distribution. If you find what you need,
      you simply use the macro in a rule. For example, to allow DNS queries
      from the <emphasis role="bold">dmz</emphasis> zone to the <emphasis
      role="bold">net</emphasis> zone:</para>

      <programlisting>#ACTION         SOURCE        DESTINATION
DNS/ACCEPT      dmz           net</programlisting>
    </note>

    <note>
      <para>In the rules that are shown in this document, the ACTION is shown
      as ACCEPT. You may need to use DNAT (see <ulink url="FAQ.htm#faq30">FAQ
      30</ulink>) or you may want DROP or REJECT if you are trying to block
      the application.</para>

      <para>Example: You want to port forward FTP from the net to your server
      at 192.168.1.4 in your DMZ. The FTP section below gives you:</para>

      <programlisting>#ACTION        SOURCE    DESTINATION      PROTO      DEST PORT(S)
FTP/ACCEPT     <emphasis>&lt;source&gt;</emphasis>  <emphasis>&lt;destination&gt;</emphasis></programlisting>

      <para>You would code your rule as follows:</para>

      <programlisting>#ACTION        SOURCE    DESTINATION      PROTO      DEST PORT(S)
FTP/DNAT       net       dmz:192.168.1.4  </programlisting>
    </note>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Auth (identd)</title>

    <caution>
      <para><emphasis role="bold"><emphasis>It is now the 21st
      Century</emphasis> ; don't use identd in production
      anymore.</emphasis></para>
    </caution>

    <programlisting>#ACTION          SOURCE    DESTINATION      PROTO      DEST PORT(S)
Auth/ACCEPT     <emphasis> &lt;source&gt;</emphasis>  <emphasis>&lt;destination&gt;</emphasis></programlisting>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>DNS</title>

    <programlisting>#ACTION          SOURCE    DESTINATION      PROTO      DEST PORT(S)
DNS/ACCEPT     <emphasis>  &lt;source&gt;</emphasis>  <emphasis>&lt;destination&gt;</emphasis>    </programlisting>

    <para>Note that if you are setting up a DNS server that supports recursive
    resolution, the server is the &lt;<emphasis>destination</emphasis>&gt; for
    resolution requests (from clients) and is also the
    &lt;<emphasis>source</emphasis>&gt; of recursive resolution requests
    (usually to other servers in the 'net' zone). So for example, if you have
    a public DNS server in your DMZ that supports recursive resolution for
    local clients then you would need:</para>

    <programlisting>#ACTION     SOURCE    DESTINATION      PROTO      DEST PORT(S)
DNS/ACCEPT  all       dmz              
DNS/ACCEPT  dmz       net              </programlisting>

    <note>
      <para>Recursive Resolution means that if the server itself can't resolve
      the name presented to it, the server will attempt to resolve the name
      with the help of other servers.</para>
    </note>
  </section>

  <section id="Emule">
    <title>Emule</title>

    <para>In contrast to how the rest of this article is organized, for emule
    I will give you the rules necessary to run emule on a single machine in
    your loc network (since that's what 99.99% of you want to do). Assume
    that:</para>

    <orderedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para>The internal machine running emule has IP address
        192.168.1.4.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>You use Masquerading or SNAT for the local network.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>The zones are named as they are in the <ulink
        url="shorewall_quickstart_guide.htm">two- and three-interface
        QuickStart guides)</ulink>.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>Your loc-&gt;net policy is ACCEPT</para>
      </listitem>
    </orderedlist>

    <para><filename>/etc/shorewall/rules:</filename></para>

    <programlisting>#ACTION     SOURCE   DESTINATION          PROTO         DEST PORT(S)
DNAT        net      loc:192.168.1.4      tcp           4662
DNAT        net      loc:192.168.1.4      udp           4672
DNAT        net      loc:192.168.1.4      tcp           4711</programlisting>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>FTP</title>

    <programlisting>#ACTION        SOURCE    DESTINATION      PROTO      DEST PORT(S)
FTP/ACCEPT     <emphasis>&lt;source&gt;</emphasis>  <emphasis>&lt;destination&gt;</emphasis></programlisting>

    <para>Look <ulink url="FTP.html">here</ulink> for much more
    information.</para>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Gnutella</title>

    <para><orderedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>The internal machine running a Gnutella Client has IP address
          192.168.1.4.</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>You use Masquerading or SNAT for the local network.</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>The zones are named as they are in the <ulink
          url="shorewall_quickstart_guide.htm">two- and three-interface
          QuickStart guides)</ulink>.</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>Your loc-&gt;net policy is ACCEPT</para>
        </listitem>
      </orderedlist><programlisting>#ACTION              SOURCE   DESTINATION      PROTO      DEST PORT(S)
Gnutella/DNAT        net      loc:192.168.1.4</programlisting></para>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>ICQ/AIM</title>

    <programlisting>#ACTION     SOURCE    DESTINATION      PROTO      DEST PORT(S)
ICQ/ACCEPT  <emphasis>&lt;source&gt;</emphasis>  net</programlisting>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>IMAP</title>

    <caution>
      <para>When accessing you mail from the internet,use <emphasis
      role="bold">only</emphasis> <emphasis role="bold">IMAP over
      SSL</emphasis></para>
    </caution>

    <programlisting>#ACTION         SOURCE    DESTINATION      PROTO      DEST PORT(S)
IMAP/ACCEPT     <emphasis>&lt;source&gt;</emphasis>  <emphasis>&lt;destination&gt;</emphasis> #Secure &amp; Unsecure IMAP</programlisting>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>IPSEC</title>

    <programlisting>#ACTION    SOURCE         DESTINATION      PROTO      DEST PORT(S)
ACCEPT     <emphasis>&lt;source&gt;</emphasis>  <emphasis>     &lt;destination&gt;</emphasis>    50     
ACCEPT     <emphasis>&lt;source&gt;</emphasis>  <emphasis>     &lt;destination&gt;</emphasis>    51
ACCEPT     <emphasis>&lt;source&gt;</emphasis>  <emphasis>     &lt;destination&gt;</emphasis>    udp        500
ACCEPT     <emphasis>&lt;destination&gt;</emphasis>  <emphasis>&lt;source&gt;</emphasis>         50     
ACCEPT     <emphasis>&lt;destination&gt;</emphasis>  <emphasis>&lt;source&gt;</emphasis>         51
ACCEPT     <emphasis>&lt;destination&gt;</emphasis>  <emphasis>&lt;source&gt;</emphasis>         udp        500</programlisting>

    <para>Lots more information <ulink url="IPSEC.htm">here</ulink> and <ulink
    url="VPN.htm">here</ulink>.</para>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>NFS</title>

    <programlisting>#ACTION    SOURCE                         DESTINATION      PROTO      DEST PORT(S)
ACCEPT     <emphasis>&lt;z1&gt;</emphasis>:&lt;list of client IPs&gt;  <emphasis>    &lt;z2&gt;</emphasis>:a.b.c.d     tcp        111
ACCEPT     <emphasis>&lt;z1&gt;</emphasis>:&lt;list of client IPs&gt;  <emphasis>    &lt;z2&gt;</emphasis>:a.b.c.d     udp</programlisting>

    <para>For more NFS information, see <ulink
    url="http://sourceforge.net/mailarchive/forum.php?thread_id=8972145&amp;forum_id=2270">http://sourceforge.net/mailarchive/forum.php?thread_id=8972145&amp;forum_id=2270</ulink>.</para>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>NTP (Network Time Protocol)</title>

    <programlisting>#ACTION        SOURCE    DESTINATION      PROTO      DEST PORT(S)
NTP/ACCEPT     <emphasis>&lt;source&gt;</emphasis>  <emphasis>&lt;destination&gt;</emphasis></programlisting>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title><trademark>PCAnywhere</trademark></title>

    <programlisting>#ACTION        SOURCE    DESTINATION      PROTO      DEST PORT(S)
PCA/ACCEPT     <emphasis>&lt;source&gt;</emphasis>  <emphasis>&lt;destination&gt;</emphasis></programlisting>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Pop3</title>

    <caution>
      <para>If Possible , <emphasis role="bold">Avoid this protocol</emphasis>
      , use <emphasis role="bold">IMAP</emphasis> instead.</para>
    </caution>

    <para>TCP Port 110 (Secure Pop3 is TCP Port 995)</para>

    <programlisting>#ACTION         SOURCE    DESTINATION      PROTO      DEST PORT(S)
POP3/ACCEPT     <emphasis>&lt;source&gt;</emphasis>  <emphasis>&lt;destination&gt;</emphasis> # Secure &amp; Unsecure Pop3</programlisting>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>PPTP</title>

    <programlisting>#ACTION    SOURCE    DESTINATION      PROTO      DEST PORT(S)
ACCEPT     <emphasis>&lt;source&gt;</emphasis>  <emphasis>&lt;destination&gt;</emphasis>    47    
ACCEPT     <emphasis>&lt;source&gt;</emphasis>  <emphasis>&lt;destination&gt;</emphasis>    tcp        1723</programlisting>

    <para>Lots more information <ulink url="PPTP.htm">here</ulink> and <ulink
    url="VPN.htm">here</ulink>.</para>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>rdate</title>

    <programlisting>#ACTION          SOURCE    DESTINATION      PROTO      DEST PORT(S)
Rdate/ACCEPT     <emphasis>&lt;source&gt;</emphasis>  <emphasis>&lt;destination&gt;</emphasis></programlisting>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>rsync</title>

    <programlisting>#ACTION          SOURCE    DESTINATION      PROTO      DEST PORT(S)
Rsync/ACCEPT     <emphasis>&lt;source&gt;</emphasis>  <emphasis>&lt;destination&gt;</emphasis></programlisting>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>SSH/SFTP</title>

    <programlisting>#ACTION    SOURCE    DESTINATION      PROTO      DEST PORT(S)
SSH/ACCEPT <emphasis>&lt;source&gt;</emphasis>  <emphasis>&lt;destination&gt;</emphasis> </programlisting>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>SMB/NMB (Samba/Windows Browsing/File Sharing)</title>

    <programlisting>#ACTION        SOURCE         DESTINATION      PROTO      DEST PORT(S)
SMB/ACCEPT     <emphasis>&lt;source&gt;</emphasis>  <emphasis>     &lt;destination&gt;</emphasis>
SMB/ACCEPT     <emphasis>&lt;destination&gt;</emphasis>  <emphasis>&lt;source&gt;</emphasis></programlisting>

    <para>Also, see <ulink url="samba.htm">this page</ulink>.</para>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>SMTP</title>

    <programlisting>#ACTION    SOURCE    DESTINATION      PROTO      DEST PORT(S)
SMTP/ACCEPT<emphasis>&lt;source&gt;</emphasis>  <emphasis>&lt;destination&gt;</emphasis>                      #Insecure SMTP
ACCEPT     <emphasis>&lt;source&gt;</emphasis>  <emphasis>&lt;destination&gt;</emphasis>    tcp        465    #SMTP over SSL (TLS)</programlisting>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>SNMP</title>

    <programlisting>#ACTION         SOURCE    DESTINATION      PROTO      DEST PORT(S)
SNMP/ACCEPT     <emphasis>&lt;source&gt;</emphasis>  <emphasis>&lt;destination&gt;</emphasis></programlisting>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Telnet</title>

    <programlisting>#ACTION           SOURCE    DESTINATION      PROTO      DEST PORT(S)
Telnet/ACCEPT     <emphasis>&lt;source&gt;</emphasis>  <emphasis>&lt;destination&gt;</emphasis></programlisting>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>TFTP</title>

    <para>You must have TFTP connection tracking support in your kernel. If
    modularized, the modules are <emphasis
    role="bold">ip_conntrack_tftp</emphasis> (and <emphasis
    role="bold">ip_nat_tftp</emphasis> if any form of NAT is involved) These
    modules may be loaded using entries in
    <filename>/etc/shorewall/modules</filename>. The <emphasis
    role="bold">ip_conntrack_tftp</emphasis> module must be loaded first. Note
    that the <filename>/etc/shorewall/modules</filename> file released with
    recent Shorewall versions contains entries for these modules.</para>

    <programlisting>#ACTION    SOURCE    DESTINATION      PROTO      DEST PORT(S)
ACCEPT     <emphasis>&lt;source&gt;</emphasis>  <emphasis>&lt;destination&gt;</emphasis>    udp        69</programlisting>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Traceroute</title>

    <programlisting>#ACTION          SOURCE    DESTINATION      PROTO      DEST PORT(S)
Trcrt/ACCEPT     <emphasis>&lt;source&gt;</emphasis>  <emphasis>&lt;destination&gt;</emphasis>  #Good for 10 hops</programlisting>

    <para>UDP traceroute uses ports 33434 through 33434+&lt;max number of
    hops&gt;-1. Note that for the firewall to respond with a TTL expired ICMP
    reply, you will need to allow ICMP 11 outbound from the firewall. The
    standard Shorewall sample configurations all set this up for you
    automatically since those sample configurations enable all ICMP packet
    types originating on the firewall itself.</para>

    <programlisting>#ACTION    SOURCE    DESTINATION      PROTO      DEST PORT(S)
ACCEPT     fw        net              icmp
ACCEPT     fw        loc              icmp
ACCEPT     fw        ...</programlisting>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Usenet (NNTP)</title>

    <programlisting>#ACTION         SOURCE    DESTINATION      PROTO      DEST PORT(S)
NNTP/ACCEPT     <emphasis>&lt;source&gt;</emphasis>  <emphasis>&lt;destination&gt;</emphasis> </programlisting>

    <para>TCP Port 119</para>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>VNC</title>

    <para>Vncviewer to Vncserver -- TCP port 5900 + &lt;display
    number&gt;.</para>

    <para>Vncviewer to Vncserver -- TCP port 5900 + &lt;display
    number&gt;.</para>

    <programlisting>#ACTION    SOURCE    DESTINATION      PROTO      DEST PORT(S)
ACCEPT     <emphasis>&lt;source&gt;</emphasis>  <emphasis>&lt;destination&gt;</emphasis>    tcp        5901               #Display Number 1
ACCEPT     <emphasis>&lt;source&gt;</emphasis>  <emphasis>&lt;destination&gt;</emphasis>    tcp        5902               #Display Number 2
...</programlisting>

    <para>Vncserver to Vncviewer in listen mode -- TCP port 5500.</para>

    <programlisting>#ACTION         SOURCE    DESTINATION      PROTO      DEST PORT(S)
VNCL/ACCEPT     <emphasis>&lt;source&gt;</emphasis>  <emphasis>&lt;destination&gt;</emphasis></programlisting>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title><trademark>Vonage</trademark></title>

    <para>The standard Shorewall loc-&gt;net ACCEPT policy is all that is
    required for <trademark>Vonage</trademark> IP phone service to work,
    provided that you have loaded the tftp helper modules (add the following
    entries to /etc/shorewall/modules if they are not there already):</para>

    <programlisting>    loadmodule ip_conntrack_tftp
    loadmodule ip_nat_tftp</programlisting>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Web Access</title>

    <programlisting>#ACTION        SOURCE    DESTINATION      PROTO      DEST PORT(S)
Web/ACCEPT     <emphasis>&lt;source&gt;</emphasis>  <emphasis>&lt;destination&gt;</emphasis> #Insecure HTTP&amp; Secure HTTP</programlisting>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Webmin</title>

    <para><programlisting>#ACTION        SOURCE    DESTINATION      PROTO      DEST PORT(S)
Webmin/ACCEPT     <emphasis>&lt;source&gt;</emphasis>  <emphasis>&lt;destination&gt;</emphasis>  </programlisting>Webmin
    use TCP port 10000.</para>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Whois</title>

    <para><programlisting>#ACTION        SOURCE    DESTINATION      PROTO      DEST PORT(S)
Whois/ACCEPT     <emphasis>&lt;source&gt;</emphasis>  <emphasis>&lt;destination&gt;</emphasis>  </programlisting></para>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>X/XDMCP</title>

    <para>Assume that the Choser and/or X Server are running at
    &lt;<emphasis>chooser</emphasis>&gt; and the Display Manager/X
    applications are running at &lt;<emphasis>apps</emphasis>&gt;.</para>

    <programlisting>#ACTION    SOURCE    DESTINATION      PROTO      DEST PORT(S)
ACCEPT     &lt;<emphasis>chooser</emphasis>&gt; &lt;<emphasis>apps</emphasis>&gt;           udp        177         #XDMCP
ACCEPT     &lt;<emphasis>apps</emphasis>&gt;    &lt;<emphasis>chooser</emphasis>&gt;        tcp        6000:6009   #X Displays 0-9</programlisting>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Other Source of Port Information</title>

    <para>Didn't find what you are looking for -- have you looked in your own
    /etc/services file?</para>

    <para>Still looking? Try <ulink
    url="http://www.networkice.com/advice/Exploits/Ports">http://www.networkice.com/advice/Exploits/Ports</ulink></para>
  </section>

  <appendix>
    <title>Revision History</title>

    <para><revhistory>
        <revision>
          <revnumber>1.18</revnumber>

          <date>2005-11-23</date>

          <authorinitials>CR</authorinitials>

          <revremark>Add Webmin info</revremark>
        </revision>

        <revision>
          <revnumber>1.17</revnumber>

          <date>2005-09-20</date>

          <authorinitials>TE</authorinitials>

          <revremark>More 3.0 Updates</revremark>
        </revision>

        <revision>
          <revnumber>1.16</revnumber>

          <date>2005-09-02</date>

          <authorinitials>CR</authorinitials>

          <revremark>Updated for Shorewall v3.0</revremark>
        </revision>

        <revision>
          <revnumber>1.15</revnumber>

          <date>2005-05-02</date>

          <authorinitials>TE</authorinitials>

          <revremark>Added Emule</revremark>
        </revision>

        <revision>
          <revnumber>1.14</revnumber>

          <date>2004-10-01</date>

          <authorinitials>TE</authorinitials>

          <revremark>Add rsync.</revremark>
        </revision>

        <revision>
          <revnumber>1.13</revnumber>

          <date>2004-09-21</date>

          <authorinitials>TE</authorinitials>

          <revremark>Add note about ICMP type 11 to Traceroute.</revremark>
        </revision>

        <revision>
          <revnumber>1.12</revnumber>

          <date>2004-09-09</date>

          <authorinitials>TE</authorinitials>

          <revremark>Add note about <trademark>Vonage</trademark>.</revremark>
        </revision>

        <revision>
          <revnumber>1.11</revnumber>

          <date>2004-05-28</date>

          <authorinitials>TE</authorinitials>

          <revremark>Corrected directory for actions.std and enhanced the DNS
          section.</revremark>
        </revision>

        <revision>
          <revnumber>1.10</revnumber>

          <date>2004-05-09</date>

          <authorinitials>TE</authorinitials>

          <revremark>Added TFTP.</revremark>
        </revision>

        <revision>
          <revnumber>1.9</revnumber>

          <date>2004-04-24</date>

          <authorinitials>TE</authorinitials>

          <revremark>Revised ICQ/AIM.</revremark>
        </revision>

        <revision>
          <revnumber>1.8</revnumber>

          <date>2004-04-23</date>

          <authorinitials>TE</authorinitials>

          <revremark>Added SNMP.</revremark>
        </revision>

        <revision>
          <revnumber>1.7</revnumber>

          <date>2004-02-18</date>

          <authorinitials>TE</authorinitials>

          <revremark>Make NFS work for everyone.</revremark>
        </revision>

        <revision>
          <revnumber>1.6</revnumber>

          <date>2004-02-14</date>

          <authorinitials>TE</authorinitials>

          <revremark>Add PCAnywhere.</revremark>
        </revision>

        <revision>
          <revnumber>1.5</revnumber>

          <date>2004-02-05</date>

          <authorinitials>TE</authorinitials>

          <revremark>Added information about VNC viewers in listen
          mode.</revremark>
        </revision>

        <revision>
          <revnumber>1.4</revnumber>

          <date>2004-01-26</date>

          <authorinitials>TE</authorinitials>

          <revremark>Correct ICQ.</revremark>
        </revision>

        <revision>
          <revnumber>1.3</revnumber>

          <date>2004-01-04</date>

          <authorinitials>TE</authorinitials>

          <revremark>Alphabetize</revremark>
        </revision>

        <revision>
          <revnumber>1.2</revnumber>

          <date>2004-01-03</date>

          <authorinitials>TE</authorinitials>

          <revremark>Add rules file entries.</revremark>
        </revision>

        <revision>
          <revnumber>1.1</revnumber>

          <date>2002-07-30</date>

          <authorinitials>TE</authorinitials>

          <revremark>Initial version converted to Docbook XML</revremark>
        </revision>
      </revhistory></para>
  </appendix>
</article>