shorewall_code/Shorewall/manpages/shorewall-accounting.xml

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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd">
<refentry>
  <refmeta>
    <refentrytitle>shorewall-accounting</refentrytitle>

    <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
  </refmeta>

  <refnamediv>
    <refname>accounting</refname>

    <refpurpose>Shorewall Accounting file</refpurpose>
  </refnamediv>

  <refsynopsisdiv>
    <cmdsynopsis>
      <command>/etc/shorewall/accounting</command>
    </cmdsynopsis>
  </refsynopsisdiv>

  <refsect1>
    <title>Description</title>

    <para>Accounting rules exist simply to count packets and bytes in
    categories that you define in this file. You may display these rules and
    their packet and byte counters using the <command>shorewall show
    accounting</command> command.</para>

    <para>Beginning with Shorewall 4.4.18, the accounting structure can be
    created with three root chains:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para><emphasis role="bold">accountin</emphasis>: Rules that are valid
        in the <emphasis role="bold">INPUT</emphasis> chain (may not specify
        an output interface).</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para><emphasis role="bold">accountout</emphasis>: Rules that are
        valid in the OUTPUT chain (may not specify an input interface or a MAC
        address).</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para><emphasis role="bold">accounting</emphasis>: Other rules.</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <para>The new structure is enabled by sectioning the accounting file in a
    manner similar to the <ulink url="manpages/shorewall-rules.html">rules
    file</ulink>. The sections are <emphasis role="bold">INPUT</emphasis>,
    <emphasis role="bold">OUTPUT</emphasis> and <emphasis
    role="bold">FORWARD</emphasis> and must appear in that order (although any
    of them may be omitted). The first non-commentary record in the accounting
    file must be a section header when sectioning is used.</para>

    <warning>
      <para>If sections are not used, the Shorewall rules compiler cannot
      detect certain violations of netfilter restrictions. These violations
      can result in run-time errors such as the following:</para>

      <blockquote>
        <para><emphasis role="bold">iptables-restore v1.4.13: Can't use -o
        with INPUT</emphasis></para>
      </blockquote>
    </warning>

    <para>Beginning with Shorewall 4.4.20, the ACCOUNTING_TABLE setting was
    added to shorewall.conf and shorewall6.conf. That setting determines the
    Netfilter table (filter or mangle) where the accounting rules are added.
    When ACCOUNTING_TABLE=mangle is specified, the available sections are
    <emphasis role="bold">PREROUTING</emphasis>, <emphasis
    role="bold">INPUT</emphasis>, <emphasis role="bold">OUTPUT</emphasis>,
    <emphasis role="bold">FORWARD</emphasis> and <emphasis
    role="bold">POSTROUTING</emphasis>.</para>

    <para>Section headers have the form:</para>

    <para><option>SECTION</option>
    <replaceable>section-name</replaceable></para>

    <para>When sections are enabled:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para>A jump to a user-defined accounting chain must appear before
        entries that add rules to that chain. This eliminates loops and
        unreferenced chains.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>An output interface may not be specified in the <emphasis
        role="bold">PREROUTING</emphasis> and <emphasis
        role="bold">INPUT</emphasis> sections.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>In the <emphasis role="bold">OUTPUT</emphasis> and <emphasis
        role="bold">POSTROUTING</emphasis> sections:</para>

        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>An input interface may not be specified</para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para>Jumps to a chain defined in the <emphasis
            role="bold">INPUT</emphasis> or <emphasis
            role="bold">PREROUTING</emphasis> sections that specifies an input
            interface are prohibited</para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para>MAC addresses may not be used</para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para>Jump to a chain defined in the <emphasis
            role="bold">INPUT</emphasis> or <emphasis
            role="bold">PREROUTING</emphasis> section that specifies a MAC
            address are prohibited.</para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>The default value of the CHAIN column is:</para>

        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para><emphasis role="bold">accountin</emphasis> in the <emphasis
            role="bold">INPUT</emphasis> section</para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para><emphasis role="bold">accounout</emphasis> in the <emphasis
            role="bold">OUTPUT</emphasis> section</para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para><emphasis role="bold">accountfwd</emphasis> in the <emphasis
            role="bold">FORWARD</emphasis> section</para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para><emphasis role="bold">accountpre</emphasis> in the <emphasis
            role="bold">PREROUTING</emphasis> section</para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para><emphasis role="bold">accountpost</emphasis> in the
            <emphasis role="bold">POSTROUTING</emphasis> section</para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>Traffic addressed to the firewall goes through the rules defined
        in the INPUT section.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>Traffic originating on the firewall goes through the rules
        defined in the OUTPUT section.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>Traffic being forwarded through the firewall goes through the
        rules from the FORWARD sections.</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <para>The columns in the file are as follows (where the column name is
    followed by a different name in parentheses, the different name is used in
    the alternate specification syntax):</para>

    <variablelist>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><emphasis role="bold">ACTION</emphasis> - {<emphasis
        role="bold">COUNT</emphasis>|<emphasis
        role="bold">DONE</emphasis>|<emphasis>chain</emphasis>[:<emphasis
        role="bold">{COUNT</emphasis>|JUMP}]|ACCOUNT(<replaceable>table</replaceable>,<replaceable>network</replaceable>)|[?]COMMENT
        <emphasis>comment</emphasis>}</term>

        <listitem>
          <para>What to do when a matching packet is found.</para>

          <variablelist>
            <varlistentry>
              <term><emphasis role="bold">COUNT</emphasis></term>

              <listitem>
                <para>Simply count the match and continue with the next
                rule</para>
              </listitem>
            </varlistentry>

            <varlistentry>
              <term><emphasis role="bold">DONE</emphasis></term>

              <listitem>
                <para>Count the match and don't attempt to match any other
                accounting rules in the chain specified in the <emphasis
                role="bold">CHAIN</emphasis> column.</para>
              </listitem>
            </varlistentry>

            <varlistentry>
              <term><emphasis>chain</emphasis>[<emphasis
              role="bold">:</emphasis><emphasis
              role="bold">COUNT</emphasis>]</term>

              <listitem>
                <para>Where <emphasis>chain</emphasis> is the name of a chain;
                Shorewall will create the chain automatically if it doesn't
                already exist. Causes a jump to that chain to be added to the
                chain specified in the CHAIN column. If <emphasis
                role="bold">:COUNT</emphasis> is included, a counting rule
                matching this entry will be added to
                <emphasis>chain</emphasis>. The <emphasis>chain</emphasis> may
                not exceed 29 characters in length and may be composed of
                letters, digits, dash ('-') and underscore ('_').</para>
              </listitem>
            </varlistentry>

            <varlistentry>
              <term><emphasis>chain</emphasis>:JUMP</term>

              <listitem>
                <para>Like the previous option without the <emphasis
                role="bold">:COUNT</emphasis> part.</para>
              </listitem>
            </varlistentry>

            <varlistentry>
              <term><emphasis
              role="bold">ACCOUNT(</emphasis><replaceable>table</replaceable>,<replaceable>network</replaceable><emphasis
              role="bold">)</emphasis></term>

              <listitem>
                <para>This action implements per-IP accounting and was added
                in Shorewall 4.4.17. Requires the <emphasis>ACCOUNT
                Target</emphasis> capability in your iptables and kernel (see
                the output of <command>shorewall show
                capabilities</command>).</para>

                <variablelist>
                  <varlistentry>
                    <term><replaceable>table</replaceable></term>

                    <listitem>
                      <para>is the name of an accounting table (you choose the
                      name). All rules specifying the same name will have
                      their per-IP counters accumulated in the same
                      table.</para>
                    </listitem>
                  </varlistentry>

                  <varlistentry>
                    <term><replaceable>network</replaceable></term>

                    <listitem>
                      <para>is an IPv4 networ<emphasis
                      role="bold">k</emphasis> in CIDR notation (e.g.,
                      192.168.1.0/24). The network can be as large as a /8
                      (class A).</para>
                    </listitem>
                  </varlistentry>
                </variablelist>

                <para>One nice feature of per-IP accounting is that the
                counters survive <command>shorewall restart</command>. This
                has a downside, however. If you change the network associated
                with an accounting table, then you must <command>shorewall
                stop; shorewall start</command> to have a successful restart
                (counters will be cleared).</para>

                <para>The counters in a <replaceable>table</replaceable> are
                printed using the <command>iptaccount</command> utility. For a
                command synopsis, type:</para>

                <para><command>iptaccount --help</command></para>

                <para>As of February 2011, the ACCOUNT Target capability and
                the iptaccount utility are only available when <ulink
                url="http://xtables-addons.sourceforge.net/">xtables-addons</ulink>
                is installed. See <ulink
                url="http://www.shorewall.net/Accounting.html#perIP">http://www.shorewall.net/Accounting.html#perIP</ulink>
                for additional information.</para>
              </listitem>
            </varlistentry>

            <varlistentry>
              <term><emphasis
              role="bold">NFACCT</emphasis>(<replaceable>object</replaceable>)</term>

              <listitem>
                <para>Added in Shorewall 4.5.7. Provides a form of accounting
                that survives <command>shorewall stop/shorewall</command>
                start and <command>shorewall restart</command>. Requires the
                NFaccnt Match capability in your kernel and iptables.
                <replaceable>object</replaceable> names an nfacct object (see
                man nfaccnt(8)). Multiple rules can specify the same
                <replaceable>object</replaceable>; all packets that match any
                of the rules increment the packet and bytes count of the
                object.</para>
              </listitem>
            </varlistentry>

            <varlistentry>
              <term><emphasis role="bold">NFLOG</emphasis>[(nflog-parameters)]
              - Added in Shorewall-4.4.20.</term>

              <listitem>
                <para>Causes each matching packet to be sent via the currently
                loaded logging backend (usually nfnetlink_log) where it is
                available to accounting daemons through a netlink
                socket.</para>
              </listitem>
            </varlistentry>

            <varlistentry>
              <term><emphasis role="bold">[?]COMMENT</emphasis></term>

              <listitem>
                <para>The remainder of the line is treated as a comment which
                is attached to subsequent rules until another COMMENT line is
                found or until the end of the file is reached. To stop adding
                comments to rules, use a line with only the word
                COMMENT.</para>

                <note>
                  <para>Beginning with Shorewall 4.5.11, ?COMMENT is a synonym
                  for COMMENT and is preferred.</para>
                </note>
              </listitem>
            </varlistentry>
          </variablelist>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><emphasis role="bold">CHAIN</emphasis> - {<emphasis
        role="bold">-</emphasis>|<emphasis>chain</emphasis>}</term>

        <listitem>
          <para>The name of a <emphasis>chain</emphasis>. If specified as
          <emphasis role="bold">-</emphasis> the <emphasis
          role="bold">accounting</emphasis> chain is assumed when the file is
          un-sectioned. When the file is sectioned, the default is one of
          accountin, accountout, etc. depending on the section. This is the
          chain where the accounting rule is added. The
          <emphasis>chain</emphasis> will be created if it doesn't already
          exist. The <emphasis>chain</emphasis> may not exceed 29 characters
          in length.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><emphasis role="bold">SOURCE</emphasis> - {<emphasis
        role="bold">-</emphasis>|<emphasis
        role="bold">any</emphasis>|<emphasis
        role="bold">all</emphasis>|<emphasis>interface</emphasis>|<emphasis>interface</emphasis><emphasis
        role="bold">:</emphasis><emphasis>address</emphasis>|<emphasis>address</emphasis>}</term>

        <listitem>
          <para>Packet Source.</para>

          <para>The name of an <replaceable>interface</replaceable>, an
          <replaceable>address</replaceable> (host or net) or an
          <replaceable>interface</replaceable> name followed by ":" and a host
          or net <replaceable>address</replaceable>. An ipset name is also
          accepted as an <replaceable>address</replaceable>.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><emphasis role="bold">DESTINATION</emphasis> (dest) - {<emphasis
        role="bold">-</emphasis>|<emphasis
        role="bold">any</emphasis>|<emphasis
        role="bold">all</emphasis>|<emphasis>interface</emphasis>|<emphasis>interface</emphasis><emphasis
        role="bold">:</emphasis><emphasis>address</emphasis>|<emphasis>address</emphasis>}</term>

        <listitem>
          <para>Packet Destination.</para>

          <para>Format same as <emphasis role="bold">SOURCE</emphasis>
          column.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><emphasis role="bold">PROTOCOL (proto)</emphasis> - {<emphasis
        role="bold">-</emphasis>|<emphasis
        role="bold">{any</emphasis>|<emphasis
        role="bold">all</emphasis>|<emphasis>protocol-name</emphasis>|<emphasis>protocol-number</emphasis>|<emphasis
        role="bold">ipp2p</emphasis>[<emphasis
        role="bold">:</emphasis>{<emphasis
        role="bold">udp</emphasis>|<emphasis
        role="bold">all</emphasis>}]}[,...]}</term>

        <listitem>
          <para>A <emphasis>protocol-name</emphasis> (from protocols(5)), a
          <emphasis>protocol-number</emphasis>, <emphasis
          role="bold">ipp2p</emphasis>, <emphasis
          role="bold">ipp2p:udp</emphasis> or <emphasis
          role="bold">ipp2p:all</emphasis></para>

          <para>Beginning with Shorewall 4.5.12, this column can accept a
          comma-separated list of protocols.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><emphasis role="bold">DEST PORT(S)</emphasis> (dport) -
        {<emphasis role="bold">-</emphasis>|<emphasis
        role="bold">any</emphasis>|<emphasis
        role="bold">all</emphasis>|<emphasis>ipp2p-option</emphasis>|<emphasis>port-name-or-number</emphasis>[,<emphasis>port-name-or-number</emphasis>]...}</term>

        <listitem>
          <para>Destination Port number. Service name from services(5) or
          <emphasis>port number</emphasis>. May only be specified if the
          protocol is TCP (6), UDP (17), DCCP (33), SCTP (132) or UDPLITE
          (136).</para>

          <para>You may place a comma-separated list of port names or numbers
          in this column if your kernel and iptables include multiport match
          support.</para>

          <para>If the PROTOCOL is <emphasis role="bold">ipp2p</emphasis> then
          this column must contain an <emphasis>ipp2p-option</emphasis>
          ("iptables -m ipp2p --help") without the leading "--". If no option
          is given in this column, <emphasis role="bold">ipp2p</emphasis> is
          assumed.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><emphasis role="bold">SOURCE PORT(S)</emphasis> (sport)-
        {<emphasis role="bold">-</emphasis>|<emphasis
        role="bold">any</emphasis>|<emphasis
        role="bold">all</emphasis>|<emphasis>port-name-or-number</emphasis>[,<emphasis>port-name-or-number</emphasis>]...}</term>

        <listitem>
          <para>Service name from services(5) or <emphasis>port
          number</emphasis>. May only be specified if the protocol is TCP (6),
          UDP (17), DCCP (33), SCTP (132) or UDPLITE (136).</para>

          <para>You may place a comma-separated list of port numbers in this
          column if your kernel and iptables include multiport match
          support.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><emphasis role="bold">USER/GROUP</emphasis> (user) - [<emphasis
        role="bold">!</emphasis>][<emphasis>user-name-or-number</emphasis>][<emphasis
        role="bold">:</emphasis><emphasis>group-name-or-number</emphasis>][<emphasis
        role="bold">+</emphasis><emphasis>program-name</emphasis>]</term>

        <listitem>
          <para>This column may only be non-empty if the <emphasis
          role="bold">CHAIN</emphasis> is <emphasis
          role="bold">OUTPUT</emphasis>.</para>

          <para>When this column is non-empty, the rule applies only if the
          program generating the output is running under the effective
          <emphasis>user</emphasis> and/or <emphasis>group</emphasis>
          specified (or is NOT running under that id if "!" is given).</para>

          <para>Examples:</para>

          <variablelist>
            <varlistentry>
              <term>joe</term>

              <listitem>
                <para>program must be run by joe</para>
              </listitem>
            </varlistentry>

            <varlistentry>
              <term>:kids</term>

              <listitem>
                <para>program must be run by a member of the 'kids'
                group</para>
              </listitem>
            </varlistentry>

            <varlistentry>
              <term>!:kids</term>

              <listitem>
                <para>program must not be run by a member of the 'kids'
                group</para>
              </listitem>
            </varlistentry>

            <varlistentry>
              <term>+upnpd</term>

              <listitem>
                <para>#program named upnpd</para>

                <important>
                  <para>The ability to specify a program name was removed from
                  Netfilter in kernel version 2.6.14.</para>
                </important>
              </listitem>
            </varlistentry>
          </variablelist>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><emphasis role="bold">MARK</emphasis> - [<emphasis
        role="bold">!</emphasis>]<emphasis>value</emphasis>[/<emphasis>mask</emphasis>][<emphasis
        role="bold">:C</emphasis>]</term>

        <listitem>
          <para>Defines a test on the existing packet or connection mark. The
          rule will match only if the test returns true.</para>

          <para>If you don't want to define a test but need to specify
          anything in the following columns, place a "-" in this field.</para>

          <variablelist>
            <varlistentry>
              <term>!</term>

              <listitem>
                <para>Inverts the test (not equal)</para>
              </listitem>
            </varlistentry>

            <varlistentry>
              <term><emphasis>value</emphasis></term>

              <listitem>
                <para>Value of the packet or connection mark.</para>
              </listitem>
            </varlistentry>

            <varlistentry>
              <term><emphasis>mask</emphasis></term>

              <listitem>
                <para>A mask to be applied to the mark before testing.</para>
              </listitem>
            </varlistentry>

            <varlistentry>
              <term><emphasis role="bold">:C</emphasis></term>

              <listitem>
                <para>Designates a connection mark. If omitted, the packet
                mark's value is tested.</para>
              </listitem>
            </varlistentry>
          </variablelist>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><emphasis role="bold">IPSEC - <emphasis>option-list</emphasis>
        (Optional - Added in Shorewall 4.4.13 but broken until 4.5.4.1
        )</emphasis></term>

        <listitem>
          <para>The option-list consists of a comma-separated list of options
          from the following list. Only packets that will be encrypted or have
          been de-crypted via an SA that matches these options will have their
          source address changed.</para>

          <variablelist>
            <varlistentry>
              <term><emphasis
              role="bold">reqid=</emphasis><emphasis>number</emphasis></term>

              <listitem>
                <para>where <emphasis>number</emphasis> is specified using
                setkey(8) using the 'unique:<emphasis>number</emphasis> option
                for the SPD level.</para>
              </listitem>
            </varlistentry>

            <varlistentry>
              <term><emphasis role="bold">spi=</emphasis>&lt;number&gt;</term>

              <listitem>
                <para>where <emphasis>number</emphasis> is the SPI of the SA
                used to encrypt/decrypt packets.</para>
              </listitem>
            </varlistentry>

            <varlistentry>
              <term><emphasis role="bold">proto=</emphasis><emphasis
              role="bold">ah</emphasis>|<emphasis
              role="bold">esp</emphasis>|<emphasis
              role="bold">ipcomp</emphasis></term>

              <listitem>
                <para>IPSEC Encapsulation Protocol</para>
              </listitem>
            </varlistentry>

            <varlistentry>
              <term><emphasis
              role="bold">mss=</emphasis><emphasis>number</emphasis></term>

              <listitem>
                <para>sets the MSS field in TCP packets</para>
              </listitem>
            </varlistentry>

            <varlistentry>
              <term><emphasis role="bold">mode=</emphasis><emphasis
              role="bold">transport</emphasis>|<emphasis
              role="bold">tunnel</emphasis></term>

              <listitem>
                <para>IPSEC mode</para>
              </listitem>
            </varlistentry>

            <varlistentry>
              <term><emphasis
              role="bold">tunnel-src=</emphasis><emphasis>address</emphasis>[/<emphasis>mask</emphasis>]</term>

              <listitem>
                <para>only available with mode=tunnel</para>
              </listitem>
            </varlistentry>

            <varlistentry>
              <term><emphasis
              role="bold">tunnel-dst=</emphasis><emphasis>address</emphasis>[/<emphasis>mask</emphasis>]</term>

              <listitem>
                <para>only available with mode=tunnel</para>
              </listitem>
            </varlistentry>

            <varlistentry>
              <term><emphasis role="bold">strict</emphasis></term>

              <listitem>
                <para>Means that packets must match all rules.</para>
              </listitem>
            </varlistentry>

            <varlistentry>
              <term><emphasis role="bold">next</emphasis></term>

              <listitem>
                <para>Separates rules; can only be used with strict</para>
              </listitem>
            </varlistentry>

            <varlistentry>
              <term><emphasis role="bold">yes</emphasis> or <emphasis
              role="bold">ipsec</emphasis></term>

              <listitem>
                <para>When used by itself, causes all traffic that will be
                encrypted/encapsulated or has been decrypted/un-encapsulted to
                match the rule.</para>
              </listitem>
            </varlistentry>

            <varlistentry>
              <term><emphasis role="bold">no</emphasis> or <emphasis
              role="bold">none</emphasis></term>

              <listitem>
                <para>When used by itself, causes all traffic that will not be
                encrypted/encapsulated or has been decrypted/un-encapsulted to
                match the rule.</para>
              </listitem>
            </varlistentry>

            <varlistentry>
              <term><emphasis role="bold">in</emphasis></term>

              <listitem>
                <para>May only be used in the FORWARD section and must be the
                first or the only item the list. Indicates that matching
                packets have been decrypted in input.</para>
              </listitem>
            </varlistentry>

            <varlistentry>
              <term><emphasis role="bold">out</emphasis></term>

              <listitem>
                <para>May only be used in the FORWARD section and must be the
                first or the only item in the list. Indicates that matching
                packets will be encrypted on output.</para>
              </listitem>
            </varlistentry>
          </variablelist>

          <para>If this column is non-empty and sections are not used,
          then:</para>

          <itemizedlist>
            <listitem>
              <para>A chain NAME appearing in the ACTION column must be a
              chain branched either directly or indirectly from the <emphasis
              role="bold">accipsecin</emphasis> or <emphasis
              role="bold">accipsecout</emphasis> chain.</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para>The CHAIN column must contain either <emphasis
              role="bold">accipsecin</emphasis> or <emphasis
              role="bold">accipsecout</emphasis> or a chain branched either
              directly or indirectly from those chains.</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para>These rules will NOT appear in the <emphasis
              role="bold">accounting</emphasis> chain.</para>
            </listitem>
          </itemizedlist>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
    </variablelist>

    <para>In all of the above columns except <emphasis
    role="bold">ACTION</emphasis> and <emphasis role="bold">CHAIN</emphasis>,
    the values <emphasis role="bold">-</emphasis>, <emphasis
    role="bold">any</emphasis> and <emphasis role="bold">all</emphasis> may be
    used as wildcards. Omitted trailing columns are also treated as
    wildcard.</para>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>FILES</title>

    <para>/etc/shorewall/accounting</para>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>See ALSO</title>

    <para><ulink
    url="http://shorewall.net/Accounting.html">http://shorewall.net/Accounting.html
    </ulink></para>

    <para><ulink
    url="http://shorewall.net/shorewall_logging.html">http://shorewall.net/shorewall_logging.html</ulink></para>

    <para><ulink
    url="http://shorewall.net/configuration_file_basics.htm#Pairs">http://shorewall.net/configuration_file_basics.htm#Pairs</ulink></para>

    <para>shorewall(8), shorewall-actions(5), shorewall-blacklist(5),
    shorewall-hosts(5), shorewall_interfaces(5), shorewall-ipsets(5),
    shorewall-maclist(5), shorewall-masq(5), shorewall-nat(5),
    shorewall-netmap(5), shorewall-params(5), shorewall-policy(5),
    shorewall-providers(5), shorewall-proxyarp(5), shorewall-rtrules(5),
    shorewall-routestopped(5), shorewall-rules(5), shorewall.conf(5),
    shorewall-secmarks(5), shorewall-tcclasses(5), shorewall-tcdevices(5),
    shorewall-tcrules(5), shorewall-tos(5), shorewall-tunnels(5),
    shorewall-zones(5)</para>
  </refsect1>
</refentry>