shorewall_code/docs/VPN.xml

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<article id="VPN">
  <!--$Id$-->

  <articleinfo>
    <title>VPN</title>

    <authorgroup>
      <author>
        <firstname>Tom</firstname>

        <surname>Eastep</surname>
      </author>
    </authorgroup>

    <pubdate><?dbtimestamp format="Y/m/d"?></pubdate>

    <copyright>
      <year>2002</year>

      <year>2004</year>

      <year>2005</year>

      <holder>Thomas M. Eastep</holder>
    </copyright>

    <legalnotice>
      <para>Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
      document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version
      1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with
      no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover, and with no Back-Cover
      Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
      <quote><ulink url="GnuCopyright.htm">GNU Free Documentation
      License</ulink></quote>.</para>
    </legalnotice>
  </articleinfo>

  <section id="vpn">
    <title>Virtual Private Networking (VPN)</title>

    <para>It is often the case that a system behind the firewall needs to be
    able to access a remote network through Virtual Private Networking (VPN).
    The two most common means for doing this are IPSEC and PPTP. The basic
    setup is shown in the following diagram:</para>

    <graphic fileref="images/VPN.png" />

    <para>A system with an RFC 1918 address needs to access a remote network
    through a remote gateway. For this example, we will assume that the local
    system has IP address 192.168.1.12 and that the remote gateway has IP
    address 192.0.2.224.</para>

    <para>If PPTP is being used, there are no firewall requirements beyond the
    default loc-&gt;net ACCEPT policy. There is one restriction however: Only
    one local system at a time can be connected to a single remote gateway
    unless you patch your kernel from the <quote>Patch-o-matic</quote> patches
    available at <ulink
    url="http://www.netfilter.org">http://www.netfilter.org</ulink>.</para>

    <para>If IPSEC is being used, you should configure IPSEC to use
    <firstterm>NAT Traversal</firstterm> -- Under NAT traversal the IPSEC
    packets (protocol 50 or 51) are encapsulated in UDP packets with
    destination port 4500. Additionally, <firstterm>keep-alive
    messages</firstterm> are sent frequently so that NATing gateways between
    the end-points will retain their connection-tracking entries. This is the
    way that I connect to the HP Intranet and it works flawlessly without
    anything in Shorewall other than my ACCEPT loc-&gt;net policy. NAT
    traversal is available as a patch for Windows 2K and is a standard feature
    of Windows XP -- simply select "L2TP IPSec VPN" from the "Type of VPN"
    pulldown.</para>

    <para>Alternatively, if IPSEC is being used then you can try the
    following: only one system may connect to the remote gateway and there are
    firewall configuration requirements as follows:</para>

    <table id="Table1">
      <title>/etc/shorewall/rules</title>

      <tgroup cols="7">
        <thead>
          <row>
            <entry align="center">ACTION</entry>

            <entry align="center">SOURCE</entry>

            <entry align="center">DESTINATION</entry>

            <entry align="center">PROTOCOL</entry>

            <entry align="center">PORT</entry>

            <entry align="center">CLIENT PORT</entry>

            <entry align="center">ORIGINAL DEST</entry>
          </row>
        </thead>

        <tbody>
          <row>
            <entry>DNAT</entry>

            <entry>net:192.0.2.224</entry>

            <entry>loc:192.168.1.12</entry>

            <entry>50</entry>

            <entry></entry>

            <entry></entry>

            <entry></entry>
          </row>

          <row>
            <entry>DNAT</entry>

            <entry>net:192.0.2.224</entry>

            <entry>loc:192.168.1.12</entry>

            <entry>udp</entry>

            <entry>500</entry>

            <entry></entry>

            <entry></entry>
          </row>
        </tbody>
      </tgroup>
    </table>

    <para>The above may or may not work — your milage may vary. NAT Traversal
    is definitely a better solution. To use NAT traversal:<table id="Table2">
        <title>/etc/shorewall/rules with NAT Traversal</title>

        <tgroup cols="7">
          <thead>
            <row>
              <entry align="center">ACTION</entry>

              <entry align="center">SOURCE</entry>

              <entry align="center">DESTINATION</entry>

              <entry align="center">PROTOCOL</entry>

              <entry align="center">PORT</entry>

              <entry align="center">CLIENT PORT</entry>

              <entry align="center">ORIGINAL DEST</entry>
            </row>
          </thead>

          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>DNAT</entry>

              <entry>net:192.0.2.224</entry>

              <entry>loc:192.168.1.12</entry>

              <entry>udp</entry>

              <entry>4500</entry>

              <entry></entry>

              <entry></entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry>DNAT</entry>

              <entry>net:192.0.2.224</entry>

              <entry>loc:192.168.1.12</entry>

              <entry>udp</entry>

              <entry>500</entry>

              <entry></entry>

              <entry></entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </table></para>

    <para>If you want to be able to give access to all of your local systems
    to the remote network, you should consider running a VPN client on your
    firewall. As starting points, see <ulink
    url="manpages/shorewall-tunnels.html">http://www.shorewall.net/Documentation.htm#Tunnels</ulink>
    or <ulink url="PPTP.htm">http://www.shorewall.net/PPTP.htm</ulink>.</para>
  </section>
</article>