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143
Shorewall-docs/starting_and_stopping_shorewall.xml
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@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
<article>
<!---->
<!--$Id$-->
<articleinfo>
<title>Starting/Stopping and Monitoring the Firewall</title>
@ -38,12 +38,12 @@
<para>If you have a permanent internet connection such as DSL or Cable, I
recommend that you start the firewall automatically at boot. Once you have
installed &#34;firewall&#34; in your init.d directory, simply type
&#34;chkconfig --add firewall&#34;. This will start the firewall in run
levels 2-5 and stop it in run levels 1 and 6. If you want to configure
installed <quote>firewall</quote> in your init.d directory, simply type
<quote>chkconfig --add firewall</quote>. This will start the firewall in
run levels 2-5 and stop it in run levels 1 and 6. If you want to configure
your firewall differently from this default, you can use the
&#34;--level&#34; option in chkconfig (see &#34;man chkconfig&#34;) or
using your favorite graphical run-level editor.</para>
<quote>--level</quote> option in chkconfig (see <quote>man chkconfig</quote>)
or using your favorite graphical run-level editor.</para>
<caution>
<itemizedlist>
@ -51,25 +51,24 @@
<para>Shorewall startup is disabled by default. Once you have
configured your firewall, you can enable startup by removing the
file /etc/shorewall/startup_disabled. Note: Users of the .deb
package must edit /etc/default/shorewall and set
&#39;startup=1&#39;.</para>
package must edit /etc/default/shorewall and set <quote>startup=1</quote>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>If you use dialup, you may want to start the firewall in your
/etc/ppp/ip-up.local script. I recommend just placing &#34;shorewall
restart&#34; in that script. </para>
/etc/ppp/ip-up.local script. I recommend just placing
<quote>shorewall restart</quote> in that script.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</caution>
<para>You can manually start and stop Shoreline Firewall using the
&#34;shorewall&#34; shell program. Please refer to the Shorewall State
Diagram as shown at the bottom of this page.</para>
<quote>shorewall</quote> shell program. Please refer to the Shorewall
State Diagram as shown at the bottom of this page.</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>shorewall start - starts the firewall </para>
<para>shorewall start - starts the firewall</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
@ -78,28 +77,28 @@
/etc/shorewall/routestopped (Beginning with version 1.4.7, if
ADMINISABSENTMINDED=Yes in /etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf then in
addition, all existing connections are permitted and any new
connections originating from the firewall itself are allowed). </para>
connections originating from the firewall itself are allowed).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>shorewall restart - stops the firewall (if it&#39;s running) and
then starts it again </para>
then starts it again</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>shorewall reset - reset the packet and byte counters in the
firewall </para>
firewall</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>shorewall clear - remove all rules and chains installed by
Shoreline Firewall. The firewall is &#34;wide open&#34; </para>
Shoreline Firewall. The firewall is <quote>wide open</quote></para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>shorewall refresh - refresh the rules involving the broadcast
addresses of firewall interfaces, the black list, traffic control
rules and ECN control rules. </para>
rules and ECN control rules.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
@ -107,17 +106,17 @@
trace of the command is produced as in:</para>
<para><programlisting> shorewall debug start 2&#62; /tmp/trace</programlisting>The
above command would trace the &#39;start&#39; command and place the trace
information in the file /tmp/trace</para>
above command would trace the <quote>start</quote> command and place the
trace information in the file /tmp/trace</para>
<para>Beginning with version 1.4.7, shorewall can give detailed help about
each of its commands: <programlisting> shorewall help [ command | host | address ]</programlisting>The
&#34;shorewall&#34; program may also be used to monitor the firewall.</para>
<quote>shorewall</quote> program may also be used to monitor the firewall.</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>shorewall status - produce a verbose report about the firewall
(iptables -L -n -v) </para>
(iptables -L -n -v)</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
@ -130,53 +129,51 @@
<listitem>
<para>shorewall show nat - produce a verbose report about the nat
table (iptables -t nat -L -n -v) </para>
table (iptables -t nat -L -n -v)</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>shorewall show tos - produce a verbose report about the mangle
table (iptables -t mangle -L -n -v) </para>
table (iptables -t mangle -L -n -v)</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>shorewall show log - display the last 20 packet log entries.
</para>
<para>shorewall show log - display the last 20 packet log entries.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>shorewall show connections - displays the IP connections
currently being tracked by the firewall. </para>
currently being tracked by the firewall.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>shorewall show tc - displays information about the traffic
control/shaping configuration. </para>
control/shaping configuration.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>shorewall monitor [ delay ] - Continuously display the firewall
status, last 20 log entries and nat. When the log entry display
changes, an audible alarm is sounded. </para>
changes, an audible alarm is sounded.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>shorewall hits - Produces several reports about the Shorewall
packet log messages in the current /var/log/messages file. </para>
packet log messages in the current /var/log/messages file.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>shorewall version - Displays the installed version number.
</para>
<para>shorewall version - Displays the installed version number.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>shorewall check - Performs a cursory validation of the zones,
interfaces, hosts, rules and policy files.<caution><para>The
&#34;check&#34; command is totally unsuppored and does not parse and
validate the generated iptables commands. Even though the
&#34;check&#34; command completes successfully, the configuration may
fail to start. Problem reports that complain about errors that the
&#39;check&#39; command does not detect will not be accepted.</para><para>See
<quote>check</quote> command is totally unsuppored and does not parse
and validate the generated iptables commands. Even though the
<quote>check</quote> command completes successfully, the configuration
may fail to start. Problem reports that complain about errors that the
<quote>check</quote> command does not detect will not be accepted.</para><para>See
the recommended way to make configuration changes described below.</para></caution></para>
</listitem>
@ -185,7 +182,7 @@
shorewall using the specified configuration and if an error occurs or
if the timeout option is given and the new configuration has been up
for that many seconds then shorewall is restarted using the standard
configuration. </para>
configuration.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
@ -202,13 +199,13 @@
<listitem>
<para>shorewall ipcalc [ address mask | address/vlsm ] - displays the
network address, broadcast address, network in CIDR notation and
netmask corresponding to the input[s]. </para>
netmask corresponding to the input[s].</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>shorewall iprange address1-address2 - Decomposes the specified
range of IP addresses into the equivalent list of network/host
addresses. </para>
addresses.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
@ -218,25 +215,24 @@
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>shorewall drop &#60;ip address list&#62; - causes packets from
the listed IP addresses to be silently dropped by the firewall.
</para>
the listed IP addresses to be silently dropped by the firewall.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>shorewall reject &#60;ip address list&#62; - causes packets from
the listed IP addresses to be rejected by the firewall. </para>
the listed IP addresses to be rejected by the firewall.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>shorewall allow &#60;ip address list&#62; - re-enables receipt
of packets from hosts previously blacklisted by a drop or reject
command. </para>
command.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>shorewall save - save the dynamic blacklisting configuration so
that it will be automatically restored the next time that the firewall
is restarted. </para>
is restarted.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
@ -244,13 +240,13 @@
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>Finally, the &#34;shorewall&#34; program may be used to dynamically
alter the contents of a zone.</para>
<para>Finally, the <quote>shorewall</quote> program may be used to
dynamically alter the contents of a zone.</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>shorewall add interface[:host] zone - Adds the specified
interface (and host if included) to the specified zone. </para>
interface (and host if included) to the specified zone.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
@ -264,7 +260,7 @@
<para>The shorewall start, shorewall restart, shorewall check, and
shorewall try commands allow you to specify which Shorewall configuration
to use: </para>
to use:</para>
<programlisting> shorewall [ -c configuration-directory ] {start|restart|check}
shorewall try configuration-directory</programlisting>
@ -279,36 +275,35 @@
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>mkdir /etc/test </para>
<para>mkdir /etc/test</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>cd /etc/test </para>
<para>cd /etc/test</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>&#60;copy any files that you need to change from /etc/shorewall
to . and change them here&#62; </para>
to . and change them here&#62;</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>shorewall -c . check </para>
<para>shorewall -c . check</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>&#60;correct any errors found by check and check again&#62;
</para>
<para>&#60;correct any errors found by check and check again&#62;</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>/sbin/shorewall try . </para>
<para>/sbin/shorewall try .</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>If the configuration starts but doesn&#39;t work, just
&#34;shorewall restart&#34; to restore the old configuration. If the new
configuration fails to start, the &#34;try&#34; command will automatically
start the old one for you.</para>
<quote>shorewall restart</quote> to restore the old configuration. If the
new configuration fails to start, the <quote>try</quote> command will
automatically start the old one for you.</para>
<para>When the new configuration works then just:</para>
@ -318,11 +313,11 @@
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>cd </para>
<para>cd</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>rm -rf /etc/test </para>
<para>rm -rf /etc/test</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
@ -330,9 +325,10 @@
align="center" fileref="images/State_Diagram.png" /></para>
<para>You will note that the commands that result in state transitions use
the word &#34;firewall&#34; rather than &#34;shorewall&#34;. That is
because the actual transitions are done by /usr/share/shorewall/firewall;
/sbin/shorewall runs &#39;firewall&#34; according to the following table:</para>
the word <quote>firewall</quote> rather than <quote>shorewall</quote>.
That is because the actual transitions are done by
/usr/share/shorewall/firewall; /sbin/shorewall runs <quote>firewall</quote>
according to the following table:</para>
<informaltable>
<tgroup cols="3">
@ -354,7 +350,7 @@
<entry>firewall start</entry>
<entry>The system filters packets based on your current Shorewall
Configuration </entry>
Configuration</entry>
</row>
<row>
@ -367,7 +363,7 @@
beginning with 1.4.7, if ADMINISABSENTMINDED=Yes in
/etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf then in addition, all existing
connections are retained and all connection requests from the
firewall are accepted. </entry>
firewall are accepted.</entry>
</row>
<row>
@ -375,16 +371,15 @@
<entry>firewall restart</entry>
<entry>Logically equivalent to &#34;firewall stop;firewall
start&#34;</entry>
<entry>Logically equivalent to <quote>firewall stop;firewall start</quote></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>shorewall add</entry>
<entry> firewall add</entry>
<entry>firewall add</entry>
<entry>Adds a host or subnet to a dynamic zone </entry>
<entry>Adds a host or subnet to a dynamic zone</entry>
</row>
<row>
@ -392,13 +387,13 @@
<entry>firewall delete</entry>
<entry>Deletes a host or subnet from a dynamic zone </entry>
<entry>Deletes a host or subnet from a dynamic zone</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>shorewall refresh</entry>
<entry> firewall refresh</entry>
<entry>firewall refresh</entry>
<entry>Reloads rules dealing with static blacklisting, traffic
control and ECN.</entry>
@ -409,7 +404,7 @@
<entry>firewall reset</entry>
<entry>Resets traffic counters </entry>
<entry>Resets traffic counters</entry>
</row>
<row>
@ -418,7 +413,7 @@
<entry>firewall clear</entry>
<entry>Removes all Shorewall rules, chains, addresses, routes and
ARP entries. </entry>
ARP entries.</entry>
</row>
<row>