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Some post-1.2.12 documentation cleanup

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14
Shorewall-docs/Documentation.htm
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@ -755,7 +755,7 @@ in both the SOURCE and DEST columns.</li>
<li> <b> LOG LEVEL</b> - Optional.
If left empty, no log message is generated when the policy is applied.
Otherwise, this column should contain an integer or name indicating
a <a href="configuration_file_basics.htm#Levels">syslog level</a>.</li>
a <a href="shorewall_logging.html">syslog level</a>.</li>
<li> <b>LIMIT:BURST </b>- Optional.
If left empty, TCP connection requests from the <b>SOURCE</b> zone
@ -1251,7 +1251,7 @@ here as in the policy file above.</li>
</ul>
<p>The ACTION may optionally be followed by ":" and a <a
href="file:///home/teastep/Shorewall-docs/configuration_file_basics.htm#Levels">syslog
href="shorewall_logging.html">syslog
level</a> (example: REJECT:info). This causes the packet to be logged
at the specified level prior to being processed according to the specified
ACTION.<br>
@ -2243,7 +2243,7 @@ is assumed.<br>
This parameter determines the level at which packets logged under the <a
href="file:///home/teastep/Shorewall-docs/Documentation.htm#rfc1918">'norfc1918'
mechanism </a> are logged. The value must be a valid <a
href="file:///home/teastep/Shorewall-docs/configuration_file_basics.htm#Levels">syslog
href="shorewall_logging.html">syslog
level</a> and if no level is given, then info is assumed. Prior to Shorewall
version 1.3.12, these packets are always logged at the info level.</li>
<li><b>TCP_FLAGS_DISPOSITION - </b>Added in Version 1.3.11<br>
@ -2254,7 +2254,7 @@ DROP (ignore the packet). If not set or if set to the empty value (e.g.,
TCP_FLAGS_DISPOSITION="") then TCP_FLAGS_DISPOSITION=DROP is assumed.</li>
<li><b>TCP_FLAGS_LOG_LEVEL - </b>Added in Version 1.3.11<br>
Determines the <a
href="file:///home/teastep/Shorewall-docs/configuration_file_basics.htm#Levels">syslog
href="shorewall_logging.html">syslog
level</a> for logging packets that fail the checks enabled by the <a
href="#Interfaces">tcpflags</a> interface option.The value must be a valid
syslogd log level. If you don't want to log these packets, set to the empty
@ -2268,7 +2268,7 @@ or DROP (ignore the connection request). If not set or if set to the empty
value (e.g., MACLIST_DISPOSITION="") then MACLIST_DISPOSITION=REJECT is assumed.</li>
<li><b>MACLIST_LOG_LEVEL </b>- Added in Version 1.3.10<br>
Determines the <a
href="file:///home/teastep/Shorewall-docs/configuration_file_basics.htm#Levels">syslog
href="shorewall_logging.html">syslog
level</a> for logging connection requests that fail <a
href="MAC_Validation.html">MAC Verification</a>. The value must be a valid
syslogd log level. If you don't want to log these connection requests, set
@ -2295,7 +2295,7 @@ unless they are handled by an explicit entry in the <a
Beginning with version 1.3.6, Shorewall drops non-SYN TCP
packets that are not part of an existing connection. If you would
like to log these packets, set LOGNEWNOTSYN to the <a
href="file:///home/teastep/Shorewall-docs/configuration_file_basics.htm#Levels">syslog
href="shorewall_logging.html">syslog
level</a> at which you want the packets logged. Example: LOGNEWNOTSYN=ULOG|<br>
<br>
<b>Note: </b>Packets logged under this option are usually
@ -2612,7 +2612,7 @@ assumed.</li>
at. Its
value
is a <a
href="file:///home/teastep/Shorewall-docs/configuration_file_basics.htm#Levels">syslog
href="shorewall_logging.html">syslog
level</a>
(Example:
BLACKLIST_LOGLEVEL=debug).

2
Shorewall-docs/FAQ.htm
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@ -616,7 +616,7 @@ see "man syslog") in your <a href="Documentation.htm#Policy">policies</a>
<div align="left">
<pre align="left"> LOGLIMIT=""<br> LOGBURST=""<br><br>Beginning with Shorewall version 1.3.12, you can <a
href="configuration_file_basics.htm#Levels">set up Shorewall to log all of its messages to a separate file</a>.<br></pre>
href="shorewall_logging.html">set up Shorewall to log all of its messages to a separate file</a>.<br></pre>
</div>
<h4 align="left"><a name="faq6a"></a>6a. Are there any log parsers that work

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@ -30,29 +30,32 @@
or from a subnet on an interface can be verified to originate from a defined
set of MAC addresses. Furthermore, each MAC address may be optionally associated
with one or more IP addresses. <br>
<br>
<b>You must have the iproute package (ip utility) installed to use MAC Verification.</b><br>
<br>
There are four components to this facility.<br>
<br>
<b>You must have the iproute package (ip utility) installed to use MAC Verification
and your kernel must include MAC match support (CONFIG_IP_NF_MATCH_MAC -
module name ipt_mac.o).</b><br>
<br>
There are four components to this facility.<br>
<ol>
<li>The <b>maclist</b> interface option in <a
href="Documentation.htm#Interfaces">/etc/shorewall/interfaces</a>. When
this option is specified, all traffic arriving on the interface is subjet
to MAC verification.</li>
<li>The <b>maclist </b>option in <a href="Documentation.htm#Hosts">/etc/shorewall/hosts</a>.
When this option is specified for a subnet, all traffic from that subnet
is subject to MAC verification.</li>
href="Documentation.htm#Interfaces">/etc/shorewall/interfaces</a>. When this
option is specified, all traffic arriving on the interface is subjet to MAC
verification.</li>
<li>The <b>maclist </b>option in <a
href="Documentation.htm#Hosts">/etc/shorewall/hosts</a>. When this option
is specified for a subnet, all traffic from that subnet is subject to MAC
verification.</li>
<li>The /etc/shorewall/maclist file. This file is used to associate
MAC addresses with interfaces and to optionally associate IP addresses with
MAC addresses.</li>
MAC addresses with interfaces and to optionally associate IP addresses
with MAC addresses.</li>
<li>The <b>MACLIST_DISPOSITION </b>and <b>MACLIST_LOG_LEVEL </b>variables
in <a href="Documentation.htm#Conf">/etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf.</a>
The MACLIST_DISPOSITION variable has the value DROP, REJECT or ACCEPT and
determines the disposition of connection requests that fail MAC verification.
The MACLIST_LOG_LEVEL variable gives the syslogd level at which connection
requests that fail verification are to be logged. If set the the empty value
(e.g., MACLIST_LOG_LEVEL="") then failing connection requests are not logged.<br>
in <a href="Documentation.htm#Conf">/etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf.</a> The
MACLIST_DISPOSITION variable has the value DROP, REJECT or ACCEPT and determines
the disposition of connection requests that fail MAC verification. The
MACLIST_LOG_LEVEL variable gives the syslogd level at which connection requests
that fail verification are to be logged. If set the the empty value (e.g.,
MACLIST_LOG_LEVEL="") then failing connection requests are not logged.<br>
</li>
</ol>
@ -64,8 +67,8 @@ system.</li>
<li>MAC - The MAC address of a device on the ethernet segment connected
by INTERFACE. It is not necessary to use the Shorewall MAC format in this
column although you may use that format if you so choose.</li>
<li>IP Address - An optional comma-separated list of IP addresses for
the device whose MAC is listed in the MAC column.</li>
<li>IP Address - An optional comma-separated list of IP addresses
for the device whose MAC is listed in the MAC column.</li>
</ul>
@ -84,18 +87,18 @@ system.</li>
<h3>Example 2: Router in Local Zone</h3>
Suppose now that I add a second ethernet segment to my local zone and
gateway that segment via a router with MAC address 00:06:43:45:C6:15 and
IP address 192.168.1.253. Hosts in the second segment have IP addresses in
the subnet 192.168.2.0/24. I would add the following entry to my /etc/shorewall/maclist
gateway that segment via a router with MAC address 00:06:43:45:C6:15 and
IP address 192.168.1.253. Hosts in the second segment have IP addresses
in the subnet 192.168.2.0/24. I would add the following entry to my /etc/shorewall/maclist
file:<br>
<pre> eth2 00:06:43:45:C6:15 192.168.1.253,192.168.2.0/24<br></pre>
This entry accomodates traffic from the router itself (192.168.1.253)
and from the second LAN segment (192.168.2.0/24). Remember that all traffic
and from the second LAN segment (192.168.2.0/24). Remember that all traffic
being sent to my firewall from the 192.168.2.0/24 segment will be forwarded
by the router so that traffic's MAC address will be that of the router (00:06:43:45:C6:15)
and not that of the host sending the traffic.
<p><font size="2"> Updated 12/22/2002 - <a href="support.htm">Tom Eastep</a>
<p><font size="2"> Updated 12/29/2002 - <a href="support.htm">Tom Eastep</a>
</font></p>
@ -104,9 +107,5 @@ and from the second LAN segment (192.168.2.0/24). Remember that all traffic
&copy; <font size="2">2001, 2002 Thomas M. Eastep.</font></a></font></p>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
</body>
</html>

4
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@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ the current packet classification filters. The output from this command is
the LOG target. This allows you to run ulogd (available from <a
href="http://www.gnumonks.org/projects/ulogd">http://www.gnumonks.org/projects/ulogd</a>)
and log all Shorewall messages <a
href="configuration_file_basics.htm#Levels">to a separate log file</a>.</li>
href="shorewall_logging.html">to a separate log file</a>.</li>
<li>If you are running a kernel that has a FORWARD chain in the mangle
table ("shorewall show mangle" will show you the chains in the mangle table),
you can set MARK_IN_FORWARD_CHAIN=Yes in <a
@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ is also added as a separate page in "shorewall monitor"</li>
than the LOG target. This allows you to run ulogd (available from <a
href="http://www.gnumonks.org/projects/ulogd">http://www.gnumonks.org/projects/ulogd</a>)
and log all Shorewall messages <a
href="configuration_file_basics.htm#Levels">to a separate log file</a>.</li>
href="shorewall_logging.html">to a separate log file</a>.</li>
<li>If you are running a kernel that has a FORWARD chain in the mangle
table ("shorewall show mangle" will show you the chains in the mangle table),
you can set MARK_IN_FORWARD_CHAIN=Yes in shorewall.conf. This allows for

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@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
href="http://www.megaloman.com/%7Ehany/software/hd2u/"> dos2unix</a>
before you use them with Shorewall.</b></p>
<h2>Files</h2>
<h2><a name="Files"></a>Files</h2>
<p>Shorewall's configuration files are in the directory /etc/shorewall.</p>
@ -44,20 +44,20 @@
<li>/etc/shorewall/params - use this file to set shell
variables that you will expand in other files.</li>
<li>/etc/shorewall/zones - partition the firewall's
view of the world into <i>zones.</i></li>
view of the world into <i>zones.</i></li>
<li>/etc/shorewall/policy - establishes firewall high-level
policy.</li>
<li>/etc/shorewall/interfaces - describes the interfaces
on the firewall system.</li>
<li>/etc/shorewall/hosts - allows defining zones in
terms of individual hosts and subnetworks.</li>
terms of individual hosts and subnetworks.</li>
<li>/etc/shorewall/masq - directs the firewall where
to use many-to-one (dynamic) Network Address Translation (a.k.a.
Masquerading) and Source Network Address Translation (SNAT).</li>
<li>/etc/shorewall/modules - directs the firewall to
load kernel modules.</li>
<li>/etc/shorewall/rules - defines rules that are exceptions
to the overall policies established in /etc/shorewall/policy.</li>
<li>/etc/shorewall/modules - directs the firewall
to load kernel modules.</li>
<li>/etc/shorewall/rules - defines rules that are
exceptions to the overall policies established in /etc/shorewall/policy.</li>
<li>/etc/shorewall/nat - defines static NAT rules.</li>
<li>/etc/shorewall/proxyarp - defines use of Proxy
ARP.</li>
@ -68,22 +68,22 @@ ARP.</li>
<li>/etc/shorewall/tos - defines rules for setting
the TOS field in packet headers.</li>
<li>/etc/shorewall/tunnels - defines IPSEC, GRE and
IPIP tunnels with end-points on the firewall system.</li>
IPIP tunnels with end-points on the firewall system.</li>
<li>/etc/shorewall/blacklist - lists blacklisted IP/subnet/MAC
addresses.</li>
<li>/etc/shorewall/init - commands that you wish to execute at the beginning
of a "shorewall start" or "shorewall restart".</li>
of a "shorewall start" or "shorewall restart".</li>
<li>/etc/shorewall/start - commands that you wish to execute at the completion
of a "shorewall start" or "shorewall restart"</li>
of a "shorewall start" or "shorewall restart"</li>
<li>/etc/shorewall/stop - commands that you wish to execute at the beginning
of a "shorewall stop".</li>
of a "shorewall stop".</li>
<li>/etc/shorewall/stopped - commands that you wish to execute at the
completion of a "shorewall stop".<br>
</li>
</ul>
<h2>Comments</h2>
<h2><a name="Comments"></a>Comments</h2>
<p>You may place comments in configuration files by making the first non-whitespace
character a pound sign ("#"). You may also place comments at
@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ of the line with a pound sign.</p>
<pre>ACCEPT net fw tcp www #This is an end-of-line comment</pre>
<h2>Line Continuation</h2>
<h2><a name="Continuation"></a>Line Continuation</h2>
<p>You may continue lines in the configuration files using the usual backslash
("\") followed immediately by a new line character.</p>
@ -124,21 +124,21 @@ of the line with a pound sign.</p>
Names.<br>
<br>
DNS names in iptables rules aren't nearly as useful as they
first appear. When a DNS name appears in a rule, the iptables utility
resolves the name to one or more IP addresses and inserts those addresses
into the rule. So changes in the DNS-&gt;IP address relationship that
occur after the firewall has started have absolutely no effect on the
first appear. When a DNS name appears in a rule, the iptables utility
resolves the name to one or more IP addresses and inserts those addresses
into the rule. So changes in the DNS-&gt;IP address relationship that
occur after the firewall has started have absolutely no effect on the
firewall's ruleset. </p>
<p align="left"> If your firewall rules include DNS names then:</p>
<ul>
<li>If your /etc/resolv.conf is wrong then your firewall won't
start.</li>
<li>If your /etc/resolv.conf is wrong then your firewall
won't start.</li>
<li>If your /etc/nsswitch.conf is wrong then your firewall
won't start.</li>
won't start.</li>
<li>If your Name Server(s) is(are) down then your firewall
won't start.</li>
won't start.</li>
<li>If your startup scripts try to start your firewall before
starting your DNS server then your firewall won't start.<br>
</li>
@ -151,9 +151,9 @@ won't start.</li>
</ul>
<p align="left"> Each DNS name much be fully qualified and include a minumum
of two periods (although one may be trailing). This restriction is imposed
by Shorewall to insure backward compatibility with existing configuration
files.<br>
of two periods (although one may be trailing). This restriction is
imposed by Shorewall to insure backward compatibility with existing
configuration files.<br>
<br>
Examples of valid DNS names:<br>
</p>
@ -182,14 +182,14 @@ won't start.</li>
These restrictions are not imposed by Shorewall simply for
your inconvenience but are rather limitations of iptables.<br>
<h2>Complementing an Address or Subnet</h2>
<h2><a name="Compliment"></a>Complementing an Address or Subnet</h2>
<p>Where specifying an IP address, a subnet or an interface, you can
precede the item with "!" to specify the complement of the item. For
example, !192.168.1.4 means "any host but 192.168.1.4". There must be
no white space following the "!".</p>
example, !192.168.1.4 means "any host but 192.168.1.4". There must
be no white space following the "!".</p>
<h2>Comma-separated Lists</h2>
<h2><a name="Lists"></a>Comma-separated Lists</h2>
<p>Comma-separated lists are allowed in a number of contexts within the
configuration files. A comma separated list:</p>
@ -199,29 +199,29 @@ no white space following the "!".</p>
Valid: routestopped,dhcp,norfc1918<br>
Invalid: routestopped,     dhcp,     norfc1818</li>
<li>If you use line continuation to break a comma-separated
list, the continuation line(s) must begin in column 1 (or there
would be embedded white space)</li>
list, the continuation line(s) must begin in column 1 (or
there would be embedded white space)</li>
<li>Entries in a comma-separated list may appear in
any order.</li>
any order.</li>
</ul>
<h2>Port Numbers/Service Names</h2>
<h2><a name="Ports"></a>Port Numbers/Service Names</h2>
<p>Unless otherwise specified, when giving a port number you can use
either an integer or a service name from /etc/services. </p>
<h2>Port Ranges</h2>
<h2><a name="Ranges"></a>Port Ranges</h2>
<p>If you need to specify a range of ports, the proper syntax is &lt;<i>low
port number</i>&gt;:&lt;<i>high port number</i>&gt;. For example,
if you want to forward the range of tcp ports 4000 through 4100 to local
host 192.168.1.3, the entry in /etc/shorewall/rules is:<br>
if you want to forward the range of tcp ports 4000 through 4100 to
local host 192.168.1.3, the entry in /etc/shorewall/rules is:<br>
</p>
<pre> DNAT net loc:192.168.1.3 tcp 4000:4100<br></pre>
<h2>Using Shell Variables</h2>
<h2><a name="Variables"></a>Using Shell Variables</h2>
<p>You may use the /etc/shorewall/params file to set shell variables
that you can then use in some of the other configuration files.</p>
@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ any order.</li>
<p>Variables may be used anywhere in the other configuration
files.</p>
<h2>Using MAC Addresses</h2>
<h2><a name="MAC"></a>Using MAC Addresses</h2>
<p>Media Access Control (MAC) addresses can be used to specify packet
source in several of the configuration files. To use this feature,
@ -290,129 +290,33 @@ series of 6 hex numbers separated by colons. Example:<br>
<br>
Because Shorewall uses colons as a separator for address
fields, Shorewall requires MAC addresses to be written in another
way. In Shorewall, MAC addresses begin with a tilde ("~") and
consist of 6 hex numbers separated by hyphens. In Shorewall, the
MAC address in the example above would be written "~02-00-08-E3-FA-55".<br>
way. In Shorewall, MAC addresses begin with a tilde ("~") and consist
of 6 hex numbers separated by hyphens. In Shorewall, the MAC address
in the example above would be written "~02-00-08-E3-FA-55".<br>
</p>
<p><b>Note: </b>It is not necessary to use the special Shorewall notation
in the <a href="MAC_Validation.html">/etc/shorewall/maclist</a> file.<br>
</p>
<h2><a name="Levels"></a>Logging</h2>
By default, Shorewall directs NetFilter to log using syslog (8). Syslog
classifies log messages by a <i>facility</i> and a <i>priority</i> (using
the notation <i>facility.priority</i>). <br>
<br>
The facilities defined by syslog are <i>auth, authpriv, cron, daemon,
kern, lpr, mail, mark, news, syslog, user, uucp</i> and <i>local0</i> through
<i>local7</i>.<br>
<br>
Throughout the Shorewall documentation, I will use the term <i>level</i>
rather than <i>priority</i> since <i>level</i> is the term used by NetFilter.
The syslog documentation uses the term <i>priority</i>.<br>
<h3>Syslog Levels<br>
</h3>
Syslog levels are a method of describing to syslog (8) the importance
of a message and a number of Shorewall parameters have a syslog level
as their value.<br>
<br>
Valid levels are:<br>
<br>
       7       debug<br>
       6       info<br>
       5       notice<br>
       4       warning<br>
       3       err<br>
       2       crit<br>
       1       alert<br>
       0       emerg<br>
<br>
For most Shorewall logging, a level of 6 (info) is appropriate. Shorewall
log messages are generated by NetFilter and are logged using the <i>kern</i>
facility and the level that you specify. If you are unsure of the level
to choose, 6 (info) is a safe bet. You may specify levels by name or by
number.<br>
<br>
Syslogd writes log messages to files (typically in /var/log/*) based
on their facility and level. The mapping of these facility/level pairs to
log files is done in /etc/syslog.conf (5). If you make changes to this file,
you must restart syslogd before the changes can take effect.<br>
<h3>Configuring a Separate Log for Shorewall Messages</h3>
There are a couple of limitations to syslogd-based logging:<br>
<ol>
<li>If you give, for example, kern.info it's own log destination then
that destination will also receive all kernel messages of levels 5 (notice)
through 0 (emerg).</li>
<li>All kernel.info messages will go to that destination and not just
those from NetFilter.<br>
</li>
</ol>
Beginning with Shorewall version 1.3.12, if your kernel has ULOG target
support (and most vendor-supplied kernels do), you may also specify a log
level of ULOG (must be all caps). When ULOG is used, Shorewall will direct
netfilter to log the related messages via the ULOG target which will send
them to a process called 'ulogd'. The ulogd program is available from http://www.gnumonks.org/projects/ulogd
and can be configured to log all Shorewall message to their own log file.<br>
<br>
Download the ulod tar file and:<br>
<ol>
<li>cd /usr/local/src (or wherever you do your builds)</li>
<li>tar -zxf <i>source-tarball-that-you-downloaded</i></li>
<li>cd ulogd-<i>version</i><br>
</li>
<li>./configure</li>
<li>make</li>
<li>make install<br>
</li>
</ol>
If you are like me and don't have a development environment on your firewall,
you can do the first five steps on another system then either NFS mount your
/usr/local/src directory or tar up the /usr/local/src/ulogd-<i>version</i>
directory and move it to your firewall system.<br>
<br>
Now on the firewall system, edit /usr/local/etc/ulogd.conf and set:<br>
<ol>
<li>syslogfile <i>&lt;file that you wish to log to&gt;</i></li>
<li>syslogsync 1</li>
</ol>
I also copied the file /usr/local/src/ulogd-<i>version</i>/ulogd.init to
/etc/init.d/ulogd. I had to edit the line that read "daemon /usr/local/sbin/ulogd"
to read daemon /usr/local/sbin/ulogd -d". On a RedHat system, a simple "chkconfig
--level 3 ulogd on" starts ulogd during boot up. Your init system may need
something else done to activate the script.<br>
<br>
Finally edit /etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf and set LOGFILE=<i>&lt;file that
you wish to log to&gt;</i>. This tells the /sbin/shorewall program where to
look for the log when processing its "show log", "logwatch" and "monitor"
commands.<br>
<h2><a name="Configs"></a>Shorewall Configurations</h2>
<h2><a name="Levels"></a>Shorewall Configurations</h2>
<p> Shorewall allows you to have configuration directories other than /etc/shorewall.
The <a href="starting_and_stopping_shorewall.htm">shorewall start and
restart</a> commands allow you to specify an alternate configuration
The <a href="starting_and_stopping_shorewall.htm">shorewall start
and restart</a> commands allow you to specify an alternate configuration
directory and Shorewall will use the files in the alternate directory
rather than the corresponding files in /etc/shorewall. The alternate directory
need not contain a complete configuration; those files not in the alternate
directory will be read from /etc/shorewall.</p>
rather than the corresponding files in /etc/shorewall. The alternate
directory need not contain a complete configuration; those files not
in the alternate directory will be read from /etc/shorewall.</p>
<p> This facility permits you to easily create a test or temporary configuration
by:</p>
<ol>
<li> copying the files that need modification from
/etc/shorewall to a separate directory;</li>
/etc/shorewall to a separate directory;</li>
<li> modify those files in the separate directory;
and</li>
and</li>
<li> specifying the separate directory in a shorewall
start or shorewall restart command (e.g., <i><b>shorewall -c /etc/testconfig
restart</b></i> ).</li>
@ -422,7 +326,7 @@ and</li>
<p><font size="2"> Updated 12/20/2002 - <a href="support.htm">Tom Eastep</a>
<p><font size="2"> Updated 12/29/2002 - <a href="support.htm">Tom Eastep</a>
</font></p>
@ -432,5 +336,6 @@ and</li>
</p>
<br>
<br>
<br>
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@ -42,23 +42,22 @@
</li>
<li>
<p align="left"> <b>If you are installing Shorewall for the
first time and plan to use the .tgz and install.sh script, you can
untar the archive, replace the 'firewall' script in the untarred directory
<p align="left"> <b>If you are installing Shorewall for the first
time and plan to use the .tgz and install.sh script, you can untar
the archive, replace the 'firewall' script in the untarred directory
with the one you downloaded below, and then run install.sh.</b></p>
</li>
<li>
<p align="left"> <b>When the instructions say to install a corrected
firewall script in /etc/shorewall/firewall, /usr/lib/shorewall/firewall
or /var/lib/shorewall/firewall, use the 'cp' (or 'scp') utility to
overwrite the existing file. DO NOT REMOVE OR RENAME THE OLD
/etc/shorewall/firewall or /var/lib/shorewall/firewall before
you do that. /etc/shorewall/firewall and /var/lib/shorewall/firewall
are symbolic links that point to the 'shorewall' file used by your
system initialization scripts to start Shorewall during boot.
It is that file that must be overwritten with the corrected
script.</b></p>
or /var/lib/shorewall/firewall, use the 'cp' (or 'scp') utility to overwrite
the existing file. DO NOT REMOVE OR RENAME THE OLD /etc/shorewall/firewall
or /var/lib/shorewall/firewall before you do that. /etc/shorewall/firewall
and /var/lib/shorewall/firewall are symbolic links that point
to the 'shorewall' file used by your system initialization scripts
to start Shorewall during boot. It is that file that must be overwritten
with the corrected script.</b></p>
</li>
<li>
<p align="left"><b><font color="#ff0000">DO NOT INSTALL CORRECTED COMPONENTS
@ -75,10 +74,11 @@ script.</b></p>
in Version 1.3</a></b></li>
<li> <b><a
href="errata_2.htm">Problems in Version 1.2</a></b></li>
<li> <b><font color="#660066">
<a href="errata_1.htm">Problems in Version 1.1</a></font></b></li>
<li> <b><font color="#660066"><a
href="#iptables"> Problem with iptables version 1.2.3 on RH7.2</a></font></b></li>
<li> <b><font
color="#660066"> <a href="errata_1.htm">Problems in Version 1.1</a></font></b></li>
<li> <b><font
color="#660066"><a href="#iptables"> Problem with iptables version 1.2.3
on RH7.2</a></font></b></li>
<li> <b><a href="#Debug">Problems
with kernels &gt;= 2.4.18 and RedHat iptables</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="#SuSE">Problems installing/upgrading RPM
@ -93,13 +93,23 @@ on SuSE</a></b></li>
<hr>
<h2 align="left"><a name="V1.3"></a>Problems in Version 1.3</h2>
<h3>Version 1.3.12 LRP</h3>
<ul>
<li>The .lrp was missing the /etc/shorewall/routestopped file -- a new
lrp (shorwall-1.3.12a.lrp) has been released which corrects this problem.<br>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Version 1.3.11a</h3>
<ul>
<li><a
href="http://www.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/errata/1.3.11/rfc1918">This
copy of /etc/shorewall/rfc1918</a> reflects the recent allocation of 82.0.0.0/8.<br>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Version 1.3.11</h3>
<ul>
@ -113,13 +123,13 @@ copy of /etc/shorewall/rfc1918</a> reflects the recent allocation of 82.0.0.0/8.
.rpm from shorewall.net or mirrors should no longer see these warnings as
the .rpm you will get from there has been corrected.</li>
<li>DNAT rules that exclude a source subzone (SOURCE column contains
! followed by a sub-zone list) result in an error message and Shorewall
fails to start.<br>
! followed by a sub-zone list) result in an error message and Shorewall fails
to start.<br>
<br>
Install <a
href="http://www.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/errata/1.3.11/firewall">this
corrected script</a> in /usr/lib/shorewall/firewall to correct this problem.
Thanks go to Roger Aich who analyzed this problem and provided a fix.<br>
Thanks go to Roger Aich who analyzed this problem and provided a fix.<br>
<br>
This problem is corrected in version 1.3.11a.<br>
</li>
@ -130,7 +140,7 @@ Thanks go to Roger Aich who analyzed this problem and provided a fix.<br>
<ul>
<li>If you experience problems connecting to a PPTP server running
on your firewall and you have a 'pptpserver' entry in /etc/shorewall/tunnels,
on your firewall and you have a 'pptpserver' entry in /etc/shorewall/tunnels,
<a
href="http://www.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/errata/1.3.10/firewall">this
version of the firewall script</a> may help. Please report any cases where
@ -155,8 +165,8 @@ on your firewall and you have a 'pptpserver' entry in /etc/shorewall/tunnels,
<blockquote> The updated firewall script at <a
href="ftp://www.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/errata/1.3.9/firewall"
target="_top">ftp://www.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/errata/1.3.9/firewall</a>
corrects this problem.Copy the script to /usr/lib/shorewall/firewall as
described above.<br>
corrects this problem.Copy the script to /usr/lib/shorewall/firewall
as described above.<br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote> Alternatively, edit /usr/lob/shorewall/firewall and change the
@ -166,9 +176,9 @@ on your firewall and you have a 'pptpserver' entry in /etc/shorewall/tunnels,
<ul>
<li>The installer (install.sh) issues a misleading message "Common
functions installed in /var/lib/shorewall/functions" whereas the file
is installed in /usr/lib/shorewall/functions. The installer also performs
incorrectly when updating old configurations that had the file /etc/shorewall/functions.
functions installed in /var/lib/shorewall/functions" whereas the file is
installed in /usr/lib/shorewall/functions. The installer also performs incorrectly
when updating old configurations that had the file /etc/shorewall/functions.
<a
href="ftp://ftp.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/errata/1.3.9/install.sh">Here
is an updated version that corrects these problems.<br>
@ -177,8 +187,8 @@ incorrectly when updating old configurations that had the file /etc/shorewall/f
</ul>
<h3>Version 1.3.9</h3>
<b>TUNNELS Broken in 1.3.9!!! </b>There is an updated firewall script
at <a
<b>TUNNELS Broken in 1.3.9!!! </b>There is an updated firewall
script at <a
href="ftp://www.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/errata/1.3.9/firewall"
target="_top">ftp://www.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/errata/1.3.9/firewall</a>
-- copy that file to /usr/lib/shorewall/firewall as described above.<br>
@ -230,17 +240,18 @@ but with different port numbers doesn't work (e.g., "DNAT loc dmz:10.1.1.1:
<ol>
<li>If the firewall is running
a DHCP server, the client won't be able
to obtain an IP address lease from
that server.</li>
a DHCP server, the client won't be
able to obtain an IP address lease
from that server.</li>
<li>With this order of checking,
the "dhcp" option cannot be used as
a noise-reduction measure where there
are both dynamic and static clients on
a LAN segment.</li>
a noise-reduction measure where there
are both dynamic and static clients
on a LAN segment.</li>
</ol>
<p> <a
href="http://www.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/errata/1.3.7/firewall">
This version of the 1.3.7a firewall script </a>
@ -316,8 +327,8 @@ an SNAT alias. </p>
<div align="left">
<p align="left">That capability was lost in version 1.3.4 so that it is only
possible to  include a single host specification on each line.
This problem is corrected by <a
possible to  include a single host specification on each line. This
problem is corrected by <a
href="http://www.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/errata/1.3.5a/firewall">this
modified 1.3.5a firewall script</a>. Install the script in /var/lib/pub/shorewall/firewall
as instructed above.</p>
@ -339,10 +350,10 @@ This problem is corrected by <a
<h3 align="left">Version 1.3.n, n &lt; 4</h3>
<p align="left">The "shorewall start" and "shorewall restart" commands
to not verify that the zones named in the /etc/shorewall/policy
file have been previously defined in the /etc/shorewall/zones
file. The "shorewall check" command does perform this verification
so it's a good idea to run that command after you have made configuration
to not verify that the zones named in the /etc/shorewall/policy file
have been previously defined in the /etc/shorewall/zones file.
The "shorewall check" command does perform this verification so
it's a good idea to run that command after you have made configuration
changes.</p>
<h3 align="left">Version 1.3.n, n &lt; 3</h3>
@ -359,15 +370,15 @@ so it's a good idea to run that command after you have made configura
<p align="left">Until approximately 2130 GMT on 17 June 2002, the
download sites contained an incorrect version of the .lrp file. That
file can be identified by its size (56284 bytes). The correct
version has a size of 38126 bytes.</p>
file can be identified by its size (56284 bytes). The correct version
has a size of 38126 bytes.</p>
<ul>
<li>The code to detect a duplicate interface entry
in /etc/shorewall/interfaces contained a typo that prevented
it from working correctly. </li>
it from working correctly. </li>
<li>"NAT_BEFORE_RULES=No" was broken; it behaved
just like "NAT_BEFORE_RULES=Yes".</li>
just like "NAT_BEFORE_RULES=Yes".</li>
</ul>
@ -393,8 +404,8 @@ just like "NAT_BEFORE_RULES=Yes".</li>
<li>TCP SYN packets may be double counted when
LIMIT:BURST is included in a CONTINUE or ACCEPT policy (i.e.,
each packet is sent through the limit chain twice).</li>
<li>An unnecessary jump to the policy chain is sometimes
generated for a CONTINUE policy.</li>
<li>An unnecessary jump to the policy chain is
sometimes generated for a CONTINUE policy.</li>
<li>When an option is given for more than one interface
in /etc/shorewall/interfaces then depending on the option,
Shorewall may ignore all but the first appearence of the
@ -404,11 +415,11 @@ each packet is sent through the limit chain twice).</li>
loc    eth1    dhcp<br>
<br>
Shorewall will ignore the 'dhcp' on eth1.</li>
<li>Update 17 June 2002 - The bug described in the
prior bullet affects the following options: dhcp, dropunclean,
logunclean, norfc1918, routefilter, multi, filterping and
noping. An additional bug has been found that affects only
the 'routestopped' option.<br>
<li>Update 17 June 2002 - The bug described in
the prior bullet affects the following options: dhcp,
dropunclean, logunclean, norfc1918, routefilter, multi,
filterping and noping. An additional bug has been found
that affects only the 'routestopped' option.<br>
<br>
Users who downloaded the corrected script prior
to 1850 GMT today should download and install the corrected
@ -425,9 +436,9 @@ to 1850 GMT today should download and install the corrected
<ul>
<li>Folks who downloaded 1.3.0 from the links on
the download page before 23:40 GMT, 29 May 2002 may have
downloaded 1.2.13 rather than 1.3.0. The "shorewall version"
command will tell you which version that you have installed.</li>
the download page before 23:40 GMT, 29 May 2002 may have
downloaded 1.2.13 rather than 1.3.0. The "shorewall version"
command will tell you which version that you have installed.</li>
<li>The documentation NAT.htm file uses non-existent
wallpaper and bullet graphic files. The <a
href="http://www.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/errata/1.3.0/NAT.htm">
@ -450,12 +461,13 @@ command will tell you which version that you have installed.</
prevent it from working with Shorewall. Regrettably, RedHat
released this buggy iptables in RedHat 7.2. </p>
<p align="left"> I have built a <a
href="ftp://ftp.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/errata/iptables-1.2.3-3.i386.rpm">
corrected 1.2.3 rpm which you can download here</a>  and I have also
built an <a
href="ftp://ftp.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/iptables-1.2.4-1.i386.rpm">
iptables-1.2.4 rpm which you can download here</a>. If you are currently
iptables-1.2.4 rpm which you can download here</a>. If you are currently
running RedHat 7.1, you can install either of these RPMs
<b><u>before</u> </b>you upgrade to RedHat 7.2.</p>
@ -465,6 +477,7 @@ iptables-1.2.4 rpm which you can download here</a>. If you are currently
href="http://www.redhat.com/support/errata/RHSA-2001-144.html">http://www.redhat.com/support/errata/RHSA-2001-144.html</a>.
</font>I have installed this RPM on my firewall and it works fine.</p>
<p align="left">If you would like to patch iptables 1.2.3 yourself,
the patches are available for download. This <a
href="ftp://ftp.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/errata/iptables-1.2.3/loglevel.patch">patch</a>
@ -473,6 +486,7 @@ iptables-1.2.4 rpm which you can download here</a>. If you are currently
href="ftp://ftp.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/errata/iptables-1.2.3/tos.patch">patch</a>
corrects a problem in handling the  TOS target.</p>
<p align="left">To install one of the above patches:</p>
<ul>
@ -500,8 +514,8 @@ iptables-1.2.4 rpm which you can download here</a>. If you are currently
<a
href="http://www.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/iptables-1.2.5-1.i386.rpm">
this iptables RPM</a>. If you are already running a 1.2.5 version
of iptables, you will need to specify the --oldpackage option to rpm
(e.g., "iptables -Uvh --oldpackage iptables-1.2.5-1.i386.rpm").</p>
of iptables, you will need to specify the --oldpackage option to
rpm (e.g., "iptables -Uvh --oldpackage iptables-1.2.5-1.i386.rpm").</p>
</blockquote>
@ -540,20 +554,20 @@ iptables-1.2.4 rpm which you can download here</a>. If you are currently
<h3><a name="NAT"></a>Problems with RH Kernel 2.4.18-10 and NAT<br>
</h3>
/etc/shorewall/nat entries of the following form will result in Shorewall
being unable to start:<br>
/etc/shorewall/nat entries of the following form will result in
Shorewall being unable to start:<br>
<br>
<pre>#EXTERNAL       INTERFACE       INTERNAL        ALL INTERFACES          LOCAL<br>192.0.2.22    eth0    192.168.9.22   yes     yes<br>#LAST LINE -- ADD YOUR ENTRIES ABOVE THIS LINE -- DO NOT REMOVE</pre>
Error message is:<br>
<pre>Setting up NAT...<br>iptables: Invalid argument<br>Terminated<br><br></pre>
The solution is to put "no" in the LOCAL column. Kernel support for
LOCAL=yes has never worked properly and 2.4.18-10 has disabled it. The
2.4.19 kernel contains corrected support under a new kernel configuraiton
option; see <a href="Documentation.htm#NAT">http://www.shorewall.net/Documentation.htm#NAT</a><br>
The solution is to put "no" in the LOCAL column. Kernel support
for LOCAL=yes has never worked properly and 2.4.18-10 has disabled it.
The 2.4.19 kernel contains corrected support under a new kernel configuraiton
option; see <a href="Documentation.htm#NAT">http://www.shorewall.net/Documentation.htm#NAT</a><br>
<p><font size="2"> Last updated 12/3/2002 -
<p><font size="2"> Last updated 12/28/2002 -
<a href="support.htm">Tom Eastep</a></font> </p>
<p><font face="Trebuchet MS"><a href="copyright.htm"><font size="2">Copyright</font>
@ -562,5 +576,6 @@ option; see <a href="Documentation.htm#NAT">http://www.shorewall.net/Documentati
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
</body>
</html>

21
Shorewall-docs/gnu_mailman.htm
View File

@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
<tr>
<td width="100%">
<h1 align="center"><font color="#ffffff">GNU Mailman/Postfix the Easy
Way</font></h1>
Way</font></h1>
</td>
</tr>
@ -39,17 +39,17 @@ Way</font></h1>
aliases file so that rest of mailman's mail handling processes will run
with proper uid/gid. Postfix has an ability to run a command specified in
an alias as owner of that alias, thus mailman's wrapper is not needed here.
The best method to invoke mailman's mail handling via aliases is to use
The best method to invoke mailman's mail handling via aliases is to use
separate alias file especially for mailman, and made it owned by mailman
and group mailman. Like:<br>
<br>
alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/aliases, hash:/var/mailman/aliases<br>
<br>
Make sure that /var/mailman/aliases.db is owned by mailman user (this may
be done by executing postalias as mailman userid).<br>
Make sure that /var/mailman/aliases.db is owned by mailman user (this
may be done by executing postalias as mailman userid).<br>
<br>
Next, instead of using mailman-suggested aliases entries with wrapper, use
the following:<br>
Next, instead of using mailman-suggested aliases entries with wrapper,
use the following:<br>
<br>
instead of<br>
mailinglist: /var/mailman/mail/wrapper post mailinglist<br>
@ -63,14 +63,17 @@ the following:<br>
mailinglist-request: /var/mailman/scripts/mailcmd mailinglist<br>
...</p>
<h4>The Shorewall mailing lists are currently running Postfix 1.1.11 together
with the stock RedHat Mailman-2.0.13 RPM configured as shown above.</h4>
<h4>The above tip works with Mailman 2.0; Mailman 2.1 has adopted something
very similar so that no workaround is necessary. See the README.POSTFIX file
included with Mailman-2.1. </h4>
<p align="left"><font size="2">Last updated 9/14/2002 - <a
<p align="left"><font size="2">Last updated 12/29/2002 - <a
href="support.htm">Tom Eastep</a></font></p>
<p align="left"><font face="Trebuchet MS"><a href="copyright.htm"> <font
size="2">Copyright</font> © <font size="2">2001, 2002 Thomas M. Eastep.</font></a></font></p>
<br>
<br>
<br>
</body>
</html>

120
Shorewall-docs/mailing_list.htm
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@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
<meta name="ProgId" content="FrontPage.Editor.Document">
<title>Shorewall Mailing Lists</title>
<meta name="Microsoft Theme" content="none">
</head>
<body>
@ -27,9 +28,10 @@
href="http://www.centralcommand.com/linux_products.html"><img
src="images/Vexira_Antivirus_Logo.gif" alt="Vexira Logo" width="78"
height="79" align="left">
</a><a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/mailman/mailman.html">
<img border="0" src="images/logo-sm.jpg" align="left" hspace="5"
width="110" height="35">
</a><a
href="http://www.gnu.org/software/mailman/mailman.html"> <img
border="0" src="images/logo-sm.jpg" align="left" hspace="5" width="110"
height="35">
</a><a href="http://www.postfix.org/"> <img
src="images/small-picture.gif" align="right" border="0" width="115"
height="45">
@ -64,9 +66,8 @@
<p align="left">You can report such problems by sending mail to tom dot eastep
at hp dot com.</p>
<h2>A Word about SPAM Filters <a href="http://ordb.org"> <img border="0"
src="images/but3.png" hspace="3" width="88" height="31">
 </a><a href="http://osirusoft.com/"> </a></h2>
<h2>A Word about SPAM Filters <a href="http://ordb.org"></a><a
href="http://osirusoft.com/"> </a></h2>
<p>Before subscribing please read my <a href="spam_filters.htm">policy
about list traffic that bounces.</a> Also please note that the mail server
@ -74,38 +75,40 @@
</p>
<ol>
<li>against the open relay databases at <a
href="http://ordb.org">ordb.org.</a></li>
<li>against <a href="http://spamassassin.org">Spamassassin</a>
(including <a href="http://razor.sourceforge.net/">Vipul's Razor</a>).<br>
</li>
<li>to ensure that the sender address is fully qualified.</li>
<li>to verify that the sender's domain has an A or MX record in DNS.</li>
<li>to ensure that the host name in the HELO/EHLO command is a valid
fully-qualified DNS name.</li>
<li>to verify that the sender's domain has an A or MX record in
DNS.</li>
<li>to ensure that the host name in the HELO/EHLO command is a
valid fully-qualified DNS name that resolves.</li>
</ol>
<h2>Please post in plain text</h2>
While the list server here at shorewall.net accepts and distributes HTML
posts, a growing number of MTAs serving list subscribers are rejecting this
HTML list traffic. At least one MTA has gone so far as to blacklist shorewall.net
"for continuous abuse"!!<br>
<br>
I think that blocking all HTML is a rather draconian way to control spam
and that the unltimate loser here is not the spammers but the list subscribers
whose MTAs are bouncing all shorewall.net mail. Nevertheless, all of you
can help by restricting your list posts to plain text.<br>
<br>
And as a bonus, subscribers who use email clients like pine and mutt will
be able to read your plain text posts whereas they are most likely simply
ignoring your HTML posts.<br>
<br>
A final bonus for the use of HTML is that it cuts down the size of messages
by a large percentage -- that is important when the same message must be
sent 500 times over the slow DSL line connecting the list server to the internet.<br>
<h2></h2>
<h2>Please post in plain text</h2>
A growing number of MTAs serving list subscribers are rejecting all HTML
traffic. At least one MTA has gone so far as to blacklist shorewall.net "for
continuous abuse" because it has been my policy to allow HTML in list posts!!<br>
<br>
I think that blocking all HTML is a Draconian way to control spam and
that the ultimate losers here are not the spammers but the list subscribers
whose MTAs are bouncing all shorewall.net mail. As one list subscriber wrote
to me privately "These e-mail admin's need to get a <i>(explitive deleted)</i>
life instead of trying to rid the planet of HTML based e-mail". Nevertheless,
to allow subscribers to receive list posts as must as possible, I have now
configured the list server at shorewall.net to strip all HTML from outgoing
posts.<br>
<h2>Other Mail Delivery Problems</h2>
If you find that you are missing an occasional list post, your e-mail admin
may be blocking mail whose <i>Received:</i> headers contain the names of
certain ISPs. Again, I believe that such policies hurt more than they help
but I'm not prepared to go so far as to start stripping <i>Received:</i>
headers to circumvent those policies.<br>
<h2 align="left">Mailing Lists Archive Search</h2>
<form method="post" action="http://www.shorewall.net/cgi-bin/htsearch">
<form method="post" action="http://mail.shorewall.net/cgi-bin/htsearch">
<p> <font size="-1"> Match:
<select name="method">
@ -129,15 +132,15 @@ sent 500 times over the slow DSL line connecting the list server to the internet
</select>
</font> <input type="hidden" name="config" value="htdig"> <input
type="hidden" name="restrict"
value="[http://www.shorewall.net/pipermail/.*]"> <input type="hidden"
value="[http://mail.shorewall.net/pipermail/.*]"> <input type="hidden"
name="exclude" value=""> <br>
Search: <input type="text" size="30" name="words" value=""> <input
type="submit" value="Search"> </p>
</form>
<h2 align="left"><font color="#ff0000">Please do not try to download the entire
Archive -- its 75MB (and growing daily) and my slow DSL line simply won't
stand the traffic. If I catch you, you'll be blacklisted.<br>
Archive -- it is 75MB (and growing daily) and my slow DSL line simply won't
stand the traffic. If I catch you, you will be blacklisted.<br>
</font></h2>
<h2 align="left">Shorewall CA Certificate</h2>
@ -147,28 +150,29 @@ stand the traffic. If I catch you, you'll be blacklisted.<br>
in your browser. If you don't wish to trust my certificates then you
can either use unencrypted access when subscribing to Shorewall mailing
lists or you can use secure access (SSL) and accept the server's certificate
when prompted by your browser.<br>
when prompted by your browser.<br>
<h2 align="left">Shorewall Users Mailing List</h2>
<p align="left">The Shorewall Users Mailing list provides a way for users
to get answers to questions and to report problems. Information of general
interest to the Shorewall user community is also posted to this list.</p>
to get answers to questions and to report problems. Information of
general interest to the Shorewall user community is also posted to
this list.</p>
<p align="left"><b>Before posting a problem report to this list, please see
the <a href="support.htm">problem reporting guidelines</a>.</b></p>
<p align="left">To subscribe to the mailing list, go to <a
href="http://www.shorewall.net/mailman/listinfo/shorewall-users">http://www.shorewall.net/mailman/listinfo/shorewall-users</a>
href="http://mail.shorewall.net/mailman/listinfo/shorewall-users">http://mail.shorewall.net/mailman/listinfo/shorewall-users</a>
SSL: <a
href="https://www.shorewall.net/mailman/listinfo/shorewall-users"
target="_top">https//www.shorewall.net/mailman/listinfo/shorewall-users</a></p>
href="https://mail.shorewall.net/mailman/listinfo/shorewall-users"
target="_top">https//mail.shorewall.net/mailman/listinfo/shorewall-users</a></p>
<p align="left">To post to the list, post to <a
href="mailto:shorewall-users@shorewall.net">shorewall-users@shorewall.net</a>.</p>
<p align="left">The list archives are at <a
href="http://www.shorewall.net/pipermail/shorewall-users/index.html">http://www.shorewall.net/pipermail/shorewall-users</a>.</p>
href="http://mail.shorewall.net/pipermail/shorewall-users/index.html">http://mail.shorewall.net/pipermail/shorewall-users</a>.</p>
<p align="left">Note that prior to 1/1/2002, the mailing list was hosted
at <a href="http://sourceforge.net">Sourceforge</a>. The archives from that
@ -179,13 +183,13 @@ list may be found at <a
<p align="left">This list is for announcements of general interest to the
Shorewall community. To subscribe, go to <a
href="http://www.shorewall.net/mailman/listinfo/shorewall-announce">http://www.shorewall.net/mailman/listinfo/shorewall-announce</a>
href="http://mail.shorewall.net/mailman/listinfo/shorewall-announce">http://mail.shorewall.net/mailman/listinfo/shorewall-announce</a>
SSL: <a
href="https://www.shorewall.net/mailman/listinfo/shorewall-announce"
target="_top">https//www.shorewall.net/mailman/listinfo/shorewall-announce.<br>
href="https://mail.shorewall.net/mailman/listinfo/shorewall-announce"
target="_top">https//mail.shorewall.net/mailman/listinfo/shorewall-announce.<br>
</a><br>
The list archives are at <a
href="http://www.shorewall.net/pipermail/shorewall-announce">http://www.shorewall.net/pipermail/shorewall-announce</a>.</p>
href="http://mail.shorewall.net/pipermail/shorewall-announce">http://mail.shorewall.net/pipermail/shorewall-announce</a>.</p>
<h2 align="left">Shorewall Development Mailing List</h2>
@ -194,35 +198,39 @@ list may be found at <a
ongoing Shorewall Development.</p>
<p align="left">To subscribe to the mailing list, go to <a
href="http://www.shorewall.net/mailman/listinfo/shorewall-devel">http://www.shorewall.net/mailman/listinfo/shorewall-devel</a>
href="http://mail.shorewall.net/mailman/listinfo/shorewall-devel">http://mail.shorewall.net/mailman/listinfo/shorewall-devel</a>
SSL: <a
href="https://www.shorewall.net/mailman/listinfo/shorewall-devel"
target="_top">https//www.shorewall.net/mailman/listinfo/shorewall-devel.</a><br>
href="https://mail.shorewall.net/mailman/listinfo/shorewall-devel"
target="_top">https//mail.shorewall.net/mailman/listinfo/shorewall-devel.</a><br>
To post to the list, post to <a
href="mailto:shorewall-devel@shorewall.net">shorewall-devel@shorewall.net</a>. </p>
<p align="left">The list archives are at <a
href="http://www.shorewall.net/pipermail/shorewall-devel">http://www.shorewall.net/pipermail/shorewall-devel</a>.</p>
href="http://mail.shorewall.net/pipermail/shorewall-devel">http://mail.shorewall.net/pipermail/shorewall-devel</a>.</p>
<h2 align="left"><a name="Unsubscribe"></a>How to Unsubscribe from one of
the Mailing Lists</h2>
<p align="left">There seems to be near-universal confusion about unsubscribing
from Mailman-managed lists. To unsubscribe:</p>
from Mailman-managed lists although Mailman 2.1 has attempted to make
this less confusing. To unsubscribe:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p align="left">Follow the same link above that you used to subscribe
to the list.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p align="left">Down at the bottom of that page is the following text:
"To change your subscription (set options like digest and delivery
modes, get a reminder of your password, <b>or unsubscribe</b> from
&lt;name of list&gt;), enter your subscription email address:". Enter
your email address in the box and click on the "Edit Options" button.</p>
" To <b>unsubscribe</b> from <i>&lt;list name&gt;</i>, get a password
reminder, or change your subscription options enter your subscription
email address:". Enter your email address in the box and click
on the "<b>Unsubscribe</b> or edit options" button.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p align="left">There will now be a box where you can enter your password
and click on "Unsubscribe"; if you have forgotten your password, there
is another button that will cause your password to be emailed to you.</p>
@ -235,12 +243,14 @@ your email address in the box and click on the "Edit Options" button.</p>
<p align="left"><a href="gnu_mailman.htm">Check out these instructions</a></p>
<p align="left"><font size="2">Last updated 12/27/2002 - <a
<p align="left"><font size="2">Last updated 12/29/2002 - <a
href="support.htm">Tom Eastep</a></font></p>
<p align="left"><font face="Trebuchet MS"><a href="copyright.htm"> <font
size="2">Copyright</font> © <font size="2">2001, 2002 Thomas M. Eastep.</font></a></font><br>
</p>
<br>
<br>
<br>
</body>
</html>

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@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ is also added as a separate page in "shorewall monitor"</li>
than the LOG target. This allows you to run ulogd (available from <a
href="http://www.gnumonks.org/projects/ulogd">http://www.gnumonks.org/projects/ulogd</a>)
and log all Shorewall messages <a
href="configuration_file_basics.htm#Levels">to a separate log file</a>.</li>
href="shorewall_logging.html">to a separate log file</a>.</li>
<li>If you are running a kernel that has a FORWARD chain in the mangle
table ("shorewall show mangle" will show you the chains in the mangle table),
you can set MARK_IN_FORWARD_CHAIN=Yes in <a
@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ refresh" would also fail.<br>
rather than the LOG target. This allows you to run ulogd (available from
<a href="http://www.gnumonks.org/projects/ulogd">http://www.gnumonks.org/projects/ulogd</a>)
and log all Shorewall messages <a
href="configuration_file_basics.htm#Levels">to a separate log file</a>.</li>
href="shorewall_logging.html">to a separate log file</a>.</li>
<li>If you are running a kernel that has a FORWARD chain in
the mangle table ("shorewall show mangle" will show you the chains in the
mangle table), you can set MARK_IN_FORWARD_CHAIN=Yes in shorewall.conf.

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@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>Shorewall Logging</title>
<meta http-equiv="content-type"
content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<meta name="author" content="Tom Eastep">
</head>
<body>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"
style="border-collapse: collapse;" bordercolor="#111111" width="100%"
id="AutoNumber1" bgcolor="#400169" height="90">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="100%">
<h1 align="center"><font color="#ffffff">Logging</font></h1>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br>
By default, Shorewall directs NetFilter to log using syslog (8). Syslog
classifies log messages by a <i>facility</i> and a <i>priority</i> (using
the notation <i>facility.priority</i>). <br>
<br>
The facilities defined by syslog are <i>auth, authpriv, cron, daemon,
kern, lpr, mail, mark, news, syslog, user, uucp</i> and <i>local0</i> through
<i>local7</i>.<br>
<br>
Throughout the Shorewall documentation, I will use the term <i>level</i>
rather than <i>priority</i> since <i>level</i> is the term used by NetFilter.
The syslog documentation uses the term <i>priority</i>.<br>
<h3>Syslog Levels<br>
</h3>
Syslog levels are a method of describing to syslog (8) the importance
of a message and a number of Shorewall parameters have a syslog level as
their value.<br>
<br>
Valid levels are:<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
debug<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 6&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
info<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
notice<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
warning<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
err<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
crit<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
alert<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 0&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
emerg<br>
<br>
For most Shorewall logging, a level of 6 (info) is appropriate. Shorewall
log messages are generated by NetFilter and are logged using the <i>kern</i>
facility and the level that you specify. If you are unsure of the level
to choose, 6 (info) is a safe bet. You may specify levels by name or by
number.<br>
<br>
Syslogd writes log messages to files (typically in /var/log/*) based
on their facility and level. The mapping of these facility/level pairs
to log files is done in /etc/syslog.conf (5). If you make changes to this
file, you must restart syslogd before the changes can take effect.<br>
<h3>Configuring a Separate Log for Shorewall Messages</h3>
There are a couple of limitations to syslogd-based logging:<br>
<ol>
<li>If you give, for example, kern.info it's own log destination then
that destination will also receive all kernel messages of levels 5 (notice)
through 0 (emerg).</li>
<li>All kernel.info messages will go to that destination and not just
those from NetFilter.<br>
</li>
</ol>
Beginning with Shorewall version 1.3.12, if your kernel has ULOG target
support (and most vendor-supplied kernels do), you may also specify a log
level of ULOG (must be all caps). When ULOG is used, Shorewall will direct
netfilter to log the related messages via the ULOG target which will send
them to a process called 'ulogd'. The ulogd program is available from http://www.gnumonks.org/projects/ulogd
and can be configured to log all Shorewall message to their own log file.<br>
<br>
Download the ulod tar file and:<br>
<ol>
<li>cd /usr/local/src (or wherever you do your builds)</li>
<li>tar -zxf <i>source-tarball-that-you-downloaded</i></li>
<li>cd ulogd-<i>version</i><br>
</li>
<li>./configure</li>
<li>make</li>
<li>make install<br>
</li>
</ol>
If you are like me and don't have a development environment on your firewall,
you can do the first five steps on another system then either NFS mount
your /usr/local/src directory or tar up the /usr/local/src/ulogd-<i>version</i>
directory and move it to your firewall system.<br>
<br>
Now on the firewall system, edit /usr/local/etc/ulogd.conf and set:<br>
<ol>
<li>syslogfile <i>&lt;file that you wish to log to&gt;</i></li>
<li>syslogsync 1</li>
</ol>
I also copied the file /usr/local/src/ulogd-<i>version</i>/ulogd.init to
/etc/init.d/ulogd. I had to edit the line that read "daemon /usr/local/sbin/ulogd"
to read daemon /usr/local/sbin/ulogd -d". On a RedHat system, a simple "chkconfig
--level 3 ulogd on" starts ulogd during boot up. Your init system may need
something else done to activate the script.<br>
<br>
Finally edit /etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf and set LOGFILE=<i>&lt;file
that you wish to log to&gt;</i>. This tells the /sbin/shorewall program
where to look for the log when processing its "show log", "logwatch" and
"monitor" commands.<br>
<p><font size="2"> Updated 12/29/2002 - <a
href="file:///home/teastep/Shorewall-docs/support.htm">Tom Eastep</a>
</font></p>
<p><font face="Trebuchet MS"><a href="copyright.htm"><font size="2">Copyright</font>
&copy; <font size="2">2001, 2002 Thomas M. Eastep</font></a></font><br>
</p>
<h2><br>
</h2>
</body>
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@ -32,8 +32,8 @@
</tbody>
</table>
<p align="center">With thanks to Richard who reminded me once again that
we must all first walk before we can run.</p>
<p align="center">With thanks to Richard who reminded me once again that we
must all first walk before we can run.</p>
<h2>The Guides</h2>
@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ we must all first walk before we can run.</p>
<li><a href="two-interface.htm">Two-interface</a> Linux System
acting as a firewall/router for a small local network</li>
<li><a href="three-interface.htm">Three-interface</a> Linux
System acting as a firewall/router for a small local network and
a DMZ.</li>
System acting as a firewall/router for a small local network and a
DMZ.</li>
</ul>
@ -61,7 +61,8 @@ a DMZ.</li>
than is explained in the single-address guides above.</b></p>
<ul>
<li><a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm#Introduction">1.0 Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm#Introduction">1.0
Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm#Concepts">2.0 Shorewall
Concepts</a></li>
<li><a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm#Interfaces">3.0 Network
@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ a DMZ.</li>
<ul>
<li><a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm#Addresses">4.1 IP
Addresses</a></li>
Addresses</a></li>
<li><a
href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm#Subnets">4.2 Subnets</a></li>
<li><a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm#Routing">4.3 Routing</a></li>
@ -107,7 +108,7 @@ Resolution Protocol</a></li>
<li><a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm#SNAT">5.2.1 SNAT</a></li>
<li><a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm#DNAT">5.2.2 DNAT</a></li>
<li><a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm#ProxyARP">5.2.3
Proxy ARP</a></li>
Proxy ARP</a></li>
<li><a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm#NAT">5.2.4 Static
NAT</a></li>
@ -149,18 +150,25 @@ to use this documentation directly.</p>
file features</a>
<ul>
<li>Comments in configuration files</li>
<li>Line Continuation</li>
<li>Port Numbers/Service Names</li>
<li>Port Ranges</li>
<li>Using Shell Variables</li>
<li>Using DNS Names<br>
</li>
<li>Complementing an IP address or Subnet</li>
<li>Shorewall Configurations (making a test configuration)</li>
<li>Using MAC Addresses in Shorewall</li>
<li>Logging<br>
<li><a href="configuration_file_basics.htm#Comments">Comments
in configuration files</a></li>
<li><a
href="configuration_file_basics.htm#Continuation">Line Continuation</a></li>
<li><a href="configuration_file_basics.htm#Ports">Port
Numbers/Service Names</a></li>
<li><a href="configuration_file_basics.htm#Ranges">Port
Ranges</a></li>
<li><a href="configuration_file_basics.htm#Variables">Using
Shell Variables</a></li>
<li><a href="configuration_file_basics.htm#dnsnames">Using
DNS Names</a><br>
</li>
<li><a href="configuration_file_basics.htm#Compliment">Complementing
an IP address or Subnet</a></li>
<li><a href="configuration_file_basics.htm#Configs">Shorewall
Configurations (making a test configuration)</a></li>
<li><a href="configuration_file_basics.htm#MAC">Using MAC
Addresses in Shorewall</a></li>
</ul>
@ -203,15 +211,17 @@ to use this documentation directly.</p>
</li>
<li><a href="dhcp.htm">DHCP</a></li>
<li><font color="#000099"><a
href="shorewall_extension_scripts.htm">Extension Scripts</a></font> (How
to extend Shorewall without modifying Shorewall code)</li>
href="shorewall_extension_scripts.htm">Extension Scripts</a></font>
(How to extend Shorewall without modifying Shorewall code)</li>
<li><a href="fallback.htm">Fallback/Uninstall</a></li>
<li><a href="shorewall_firewall_structure.htm">Firewall Structure</a></li>
<li><font color="#000099"><a href="kernel.htm">Kernel Configuration</a></font></li>
<li><a href="configuration_file_basics.htm#Levels">Logging</a><br>
<li><a href="shorewall_logging.html">Logging</a><br>
</li>
<li><a href="myfiles.htm">My Configuration Files</a> (How
I personally use Shorewall)</li>
<li><a href="MAC_Validation.html">MAC Verification</a><br>
</li>
<li><a href="myfiles.htm">My Configuration Files</a> (How I personally
use Shorewall)</li>
<li><a href="ping.html">'Ping' Management</a><br>
</li>
<li><a href="ports.htm">Port Information</a>
@ -256,14 +266,9 @@ Creation</a></li>
<p>If you use one of these guides and have a suggestion for improvement <a
href="mailto:webmaster@shorewall.net">please let me know</a>.</p>
<p><font size="2">Last modified 12/13/2002 - <a href="support.htm">Tom Eastep</a></font></p>
<p><font size="2">Last modified 12/29/2002 - <a href="support.htm">Tom Eastep</a></font></p>
<p><a href="copyright.htm"><font size="2">Copyright 2002 Thomas M. Eastep</font></a><br>
</p>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
</p>
</body>
</html>

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@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ the request is first checked against the rules in /etc/shorewall/common.def.</
<li>allow all connection requests from your local network to the internet</li>
<li>drop (ignore) all connection requests from the internet to your
firewall or local network and log a message at the <i>info</i> level
(<a href="configuration_file_basics.htm#Levels">here</a> is a description
(<a href="shorewall_logging.html">here</a> is a description
of log levels).</li>
<li>reject all other connection requests and log a message at the <i>info</i>
level. When a request is rejected, the firewall will return an RST (if

4
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@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ is also added as a separate page in "shorewall monitor"</li>
than the LOG target. This allows you to run ulogd (available from <a
href="http://www.gnumonks.org/projects/ulogd">http://www.gnumonks.org/projects/ulogd</a>)
and log all Shorewall messages <a
href="configuration_file_basics.htm#Levels">to a separate log file</a>.</li>
href="shorewall_logging.html">to a separate log file</a>.</li>
<li>If you are running a kernel that has a FORWARD chain in the
mangle table ("shorewall show mangle" will show you the chains in the
mangle table), you can set MARK_IN_FORWARD_CHAIN=Yes in <a
@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ to start and "shorewall refresh" would also fail.<br>
rather than the LOG target. This allows you to run ulogd (available from
<a href="http://www.gnumonks.org/projects/ulogd">http://www.gnumonks.org/projects/ulogd</a>)
and log all Shorewall messages <a
href="configuration_file_basics.htm#Levels">to a separate log file</a>.</li>
href="shorewall_logging.html">to a separate log file</a>.</li>
<li>If you are running a kernel that has a FORWARD chain in
the mangle table ("shorewall show mangle" will show you the chains in the
mangle table), you can set MARK_IN_FORWARD_CHAIN=Yes in shorewall.conf.

59
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@ -44,8 +44,8 @@
<span style="font-weight: 400;"></span></p>
<h2><big><font color="#ff0000"><b>I don't look at problems sent to me directly
but I try to spend some amount of time each day responding to problems
posted on the Shorewall mailing list.</b></font></big></h2>
but I try to spend some amount of time each day responding to
problems posted on the Shorewall mailing list.</b></font></big></h2>
<h2 align="center"><big><font color="#ff0000"><b>-Tom</b></font></big></h2>
@ -141,8 +141,8 @@ you what that strange smell is?<br>
<br>
Now, all of us could do some wonderful guessing as to the smell and even
what's causing it.  You would be absolutely amazed at the range and variety
of smells we could come up with.  Even more amazing is that all of the explanations
for the smells would be completely plausible."<br>
of smells we could come up with.  Even more amazing is that all of the
explanations for the smells would be completely plausible."<br>
</i><br>
<div align="center">   - Russell Mosemann<br>
@ -208,12 +208,12 @@ you what that strange smell is?<br>
<li>
<h3><b>Please include any of the Shorewall configuration files (especially
the /etc/shorewall/hosts file if you have modified that file)
that you think are relevant.</b></h3>
that you think are relevant.</b></h3>
</li>
<li>
<h3><b>If an error occurs when you try to "shorewall start", include
a trace (See the <a href="troubleshoot.htm">Troubleshooting</a> section
for instructions).</b></h3>
a trace (See the <a href="troubleshoot.htm">Troubleshooting</a> section
for instructions).</b></h3>
</li>
</ul>
@ -230,24 +230,26 @@ for instructions).</b></h3>
</ul>
<h3> </h3>
<br>
<h2>Please post in plain text</h2>
<blockquote>
<h3><b> While the list server here at shorewall.net accepts and distributes
HTML posts, a growing number of MTAs serving list subscribers are rejecting
this HTML list traffic. At least one MTA has gone so far as to blacklist
shorewall.net "for continuous abuse"!!</b></h3>
<h3><b> I think that blocking all HTML is a rather draconian way to control
spam and that the unltimate loser here is not the spammers but the list subscribers
whose MTAs are bouncing all shorewall.net mail. Nevertheless, all of you can
help by restricting your list posts to plain text.</b></h3>
<h3><b> And as a bonus, subscribers who use email clients like pine and
mutt will be able to read your plain text posts whereas they are most likely
simply ignoring your HTML posts.</b></h3>
<h3><b> A final bonus for the use of HTML is that it cuts down the size
of messages by a large percentage -- that is important when the same message
must be sent 500 times over the slow DSL line connecting the list server
to the internet.</b> </h3>
<h3> A growing number of MTAs serving list subscribers are rejecting all
HTML traffic. At least one MTA has gone so far as to blacklist shorewall.net
"for continuous abuse" because it has been my policy to allow HTML in list
posts!!<br>
<br>
I think that blocking all HTML is a Draconian way to control spam and
that the ultimate losers here are not the spammers but the list subscribers
whose MTAs are bouncing all shorewall.net mail. As one list subscriber wrote
to me privately "These e-mail admin's need to get a <i>(explitive deleted)</i>
life instead of trying to rid the planet of HTML based e-mail". Nevertheless,
to allow subscribers to receive list posts as must as possible, I have now
configured the list server at shorewall.net to strip all HTML from outgoing
posts.<br>
</h3>
<h3></h3>
</blockquote>
<h2>Where to Send your Problem Report or to Ask for Help</h2>
@ -258,6 +260,11 @@ to the internet.</b> </h3>
style="font-weight: 400;">please post your question or problem
to the <a href="mailto:leaf-user@lists.sourceforge.net">LEAF Users mailing
list</a>.</span></h4>
<b>If you run Shorewall under MandrakeSoft Multi Network Firewall (MNF)
and you have not purchased an MNF license from MandrakeSoft then you can post
non MNF-specific Shorewall questions to the </b><a
href="mailto:shorewall-users@shorewall.net">Shorewall users mailing list.</a>
<b>Do not expect to get free MNF support on the list.</b><br>
<p>Otherwise, please post your question or problem to the <a
href="mailto:shorewall-users@shorewall.net">Shorewall users mailing list.</a></p>
@ -269,19 +276,15 @@ to the internet.</b> </h3>
<p>To Subscribe to the mailing list go to <a
href="http://www.shorewall.net/mailman/listinfo/shorewall-users">http://www.shorewall.net/mailman/listinfo/shorewall-users</a>
href="http://mail.shorewall.net/mailman/listinfo/shorewall-users">http://mail.shorewall.net/mailman/listinfo/shorewall-users</a>
.</p>
<p align="left"><font size="2">Last Updated 12/27/2002 - Tom Eastep</font></p>
<p align="left"><font size="2">Last Updated 12/29/2002 - Tom Eastep</font></p>
<p align="left"><font face="Trebuchet MS"><a href="copyright.htm"> <font
size="2">Copyright</font> © <font size="2">2001, 2002 Thomas M. Eastep.</font></a></font><br>
</p>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
</body>
</html>