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FAQ: convert to new header format and update blacklist entry to use blrules
Signed-off-by: Tuomo Soini <tis@foobar.fi>
This commit is contained in:
Tuomo Soini
parent
704947a1c4
commit
5230eb3b65
216
docs/FAQ.xml
216
docs/FAQ.xml
@ -207,28 +207,26 @@
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port-forwarding rule <emphasis>from the net</emphasis> to a local system
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is as follows:</para>
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<programlisting>#ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DEST PORT
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<programlisting>#ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DPORT
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DNAT net loc:<emphasis>local-IP-address</emphasis>[:<emphasis>local-port</emphasis>] <emphasis>protocol</emphasis> <emphasis>port-number</emphasis></programlisting>
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<para>So to forward UDP port 7777 to internal system 192.168.1.5, the
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rule is:</para>
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<programlisting>#ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DEST PORT
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<programlisting>#ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DPORT
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DNAT net loc:192.168.1.5 udp 7777</programlisting>
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<para>If you want to forward requests directed to a particular address (
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<emphasis>external-IP</emphasis> ) on your firewall to an internal
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system:</para>
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<programlisting>#ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DEST PORT SOURCE ORIGINAL
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# PORT DEST.
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<programlisting>#ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DPORT SPORT ORIGDEST
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DNAT net loc:<emphasis>local-IP-address</emphasis>>[:<emphasis>local-port</emphasis>] <emphasis>protocol</emphasis> <emphasis>port-number</emphasis> - <emphasis>external-IP</emphasis></programlisting>
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<para>If you want to forward requests from a particular Internet address
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( <emphasis>address</emphasis> ):</para>
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<programlisting>#ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DEST PORT SOURCE ORIGINAL
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# PORT DEST.
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<programlisting>#ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DPORT SPORT ORIGDEST
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DNAT net:<emphasis>address</emphasis> loc:<emphasis>local-IP-address</emphasis>[:<emphasis>local-port</emphasis>] <emphasis> protocol</emphasis> <emphasis>port-number</emphasis> -</programlisting>
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<para>Finally, if you need to forward a range of ports, in the DEST PORT
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@ -386,7 +384,7 @@ DNAT net:<emphasis>address</emphasis> loc:<emphasis>local-IP-address</empha
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<para><emphasis role="bold">Answer:</emphasis>In
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/<filename>etc/shorewall/rules</filename>:</para>
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<programlisting>#ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DEST PORT
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<programlisting>#ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DPORT
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DNAT net loc:192.168.1.3:22 tcp 1022</programlisting>
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</section>
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@ -448,8 +446,7 @@ DNAT net fw:192.168.1.1:22 tcp 4104</programlisting>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>You have this rule on the Shorewall system:<programlisting>#ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DEST PORT SOURCE ORIGINAL
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# PORT DEST.
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<para>You have this rule on the Shorewall system:<programlisting>#ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DPORT SPORT ORIGDEST
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DNAT net loc:192.168.1.4 tcp 21 - 206.124.146.176</programlisting></para>
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</listitem>
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@ -494,8 +491,8 @@ DNAT net loc:192.168.1.4 tcp 21 - 206.1
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default gateway on the FTP server to the Shorewall system's internal
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IP address (192.168.1.1). But if that isn't possible, you can work
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around the problem with the following ugly hack in
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<filename>/etc/shorewall/masq</filename>:<programlisting>#INTERFACE SOURCE ADDRESS PROTO PORT
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eth1:192.168.1.4 0.0.0.0/0 192.168.1.1 tcp 21</programlisting></para>
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<filename>/etc/shorewall/masq</filename>:<programlisting>#INTERFACE SOURCE ADDRESS PROTO PORT
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eth1:192.168.1.4 0.0.0.0/0 192.168.1.1 tcp 21</programlisting></para>
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<para>This rule has the undesirable side effect of making all FTP
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connections from the net appear to the FTP server as if they
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@ -514,17 +511,25 @@ eth1:192.168.1.4 0.0.0.0/0 192.168.1.1 tcp 21</
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that your Internet zone is named <emphasis>net</emphasis> and connects
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on interface <filename class="devicefile">eth0</filename>:</para>
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<para>In <filename>/etc/shorewall/rules</filename>:<programlisting>#ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DEST PORT SOURCE ORIGINAL
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# PORT DEST.
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DNAT net net:66.249.93.111:993 tcp 80 - 206.124.146.176</programlisting></para>
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<para>In <filename>/etc/shorewall/rules</filename>:<programlisting>#ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DPORT SPORT ORIGDEST
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?SECTION ALL
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?SECTION ESTABLISHED
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?SECTION RELATED
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?SECTION INVALID
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?SECTION UNTRACKED
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?SECTION NEW
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DNAT net net:66.249.93.111:993 tcp 80 - 206.124.146.176</programlisting></para>
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<para>In <filename>/etc/shorewall/interfaces</filename>, specify the
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<emphasis role="bold">routeback</emphasis> option on
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eth0:<programlisting>#ZONE INTERFACE BROADCAST OPTIONS
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net eth0 detect <emphasis role="bold">routeback</emphasis></programlisting></para>
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eth0:<programlisting>?FORMAT 2
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#ZONE INTERFACE OPTIONS
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net eth0 <emphasis role="bold">routeback</emphasis></programlisting></para>
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<para><filename>/etc/shorewall/masq</filename>;<programlisting>#INTERFACE SOURCE ADDRESS PROTO PORT
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eth0:66.249.93.111 0.0.0.0/0 206.124.146.176 tcp 993</programlisting></para>
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<para><filename>/etc/shorewall/masq</filename>;<programlisting>#INTERFACE SOURCE ADDRESS PROTO PORT
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eth0:66.249.93.111 0.0.0.0/0 206.124.146.176 tcp 993</programlisting></para>
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<para>and in
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<filename>/etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf</filename>:</para>
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@ -542,9 +547,8 @@ eth0:66.249.93.111 0.0.0.0/0 206.124.146.176 tcp 993</programlistin
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<para><emphasis role="bold">Answer</emphasis>: Use this rule.</para>
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<programlisting>#ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DEST
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# PORT(S)
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REDIRECT net 22 tcp 9022</programlisting>
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<programlisting>#ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DPORT
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REDIRECT net 22 tcp 9022</programlisting>
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<para>Note that the above rule will also allow connections from the
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net on TCP port 22. If you don't want that, see <link
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@ -617,9 +621,8 @@ TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=23035 PROTO=UDP SPT=6376 DPT=2055 LEN=1472</program
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<para>Example:</para>
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<programlisting>#ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DEST PORT SOURCE ORIGINAL
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# PORT DEST.
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DNAT net net:192.168.4.22 tcp 80,443 - <emphasis
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<programlisting>#ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DPORT SPORT ORIGDEST
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DNAT net net:192.168.4.22 tcp 80,443 - <emphasis
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role="bold">206.124.146.178</emphasis></programlisting>
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</section>
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@ -704,14 +707,15 @@ DNAT net net:192.168.4.22 tcp 80,443 - <
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<listitem>
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<para>In <filename>/etc/shorewall/interfaces</filename>:</para>
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<programlisting>#ZONE INTERFACE BROADCAST OPTIONS
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loc eth1 detect <emphasis role="bold">routeback</emphasis> </programlisting>
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<programlisting>?FORMAT 2
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#ZONE INTERFACE OPTIONS
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loc eth1 <emphasis role="bold">routeback</emphasis></programlisting>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>In <filename>/etc/shorewall/masq</filename>:</para>
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<programlisting>#INTERFACE SOURCE ADDRESS PROTO PORT(S)
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<programlisting>#INTERFACE SOURCE ADDRESS PROTO PORT
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<emphasis role="bold">eth1:192.168.1.5 192.168.1.0/24 192.168.1.254 tcp www</emphasis></programlisting>
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<para>Note: The technique described here is known as
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@ -721,16 +725,23 @@ loc eth1 detect <emphasis role="bold">routeback</emphasis>
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<emphasis>external IP address</emphasis> be used as the
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source:</para>
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<programlisting>#INTERFACE SOURCE ADDRESS PROTO PORT(S)
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<programlisting>#INTERFACE SOURCE ADDRESS PROTO PORT
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eth1:192.168.1.5 192.168.1.0/24 <emphasis role="bold">130.151.100.69</emphasis> tcp www</programlisting>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>In <filename>/etc/shorewall/rules</filename>:</para>
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<programlisting>#ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DEST PORT SOURCE ORIGINAL
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# PORT DEST.
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<emphasis role="bold">DNAT loc loc:192.168.1.5 tcp www - 130.151.100.69</emphasis></programlisting>
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<programlisting>#ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DPORT SPORT ORIGDEST
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?SECTION ALL
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?SECTION ESTABLISHED
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?SECTION RELATED
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?SECTION INVALID
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?SECTION UNTRACKED
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?SECTION NEW
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<emphasis role="bold">DNAT loc loc:192.168.1.5 tcp www - 130.151.100.69</emphasis></programlisting>
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<para>That rule (and the second one in the previous bullet) only
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works of course if you have a static external IP address. If you
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@ -741,9 +752,16 @@ eth1:192.168.1.5 192.168.1.0/24 <emphasis role="bold">130.151.100.69</em
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<para>and make your DNAT rule:</para>
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<programlisting>#ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DEST PORT SOURCE ORIGINAL
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# PORT DEST.
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DNAT loc loc:192.168.1.5 tcp www - <emphasis
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<programlisting>#ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DPORT SPORT ORIGDEST
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?SECTION ALL
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?SECTION ESTABLISHED
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?SECTION RELATED
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?SECTION INVALID
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?SECTION UNTRACKED
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?SECTION NEW
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DNAT loc loc:192.168.1.5 tcp www - <emphasis
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role="bold">$ETH0_IP</emphasis></programlisting>
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<para>Using this technique, you will want to configure your
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@ -825,14 +843,14 @@ DNAT loc loc:192.168.1.5 tcp www - <emph
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<para>In <filename>/etc/shorewall/interfaces</filename>:</para>
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<programlisting>#ZONE INTERFACE BROADCAST OPTIONS
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dmz eth2 192.168.2.255 <emphasis role="bold">routeback</emphasis> </programlisting>
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<programlisting>?FORMAT 2
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#ZONE INTERFACE OPTIONS
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dmz eth2 <emphasis role="bold">routeback</emphasis> </programlisting>
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<para>In <filename>/etc/shorewall/masq</filename>:</para>
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<programlisting>#INTERFACE: SOURCE ADDRESS
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#ADDRESS
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eth2:192.168.1.2 192.168.2.0/24</programlisting>
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<programlisting>#INTERFACE SOURCE
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eth2:192.168.1.2 192.168.2.0/24</programlisting>
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<para>In <filename>/etc/shorewall/nat</filename>, be sure that you
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have <quote>Yes</quote> in the ALL INTERFACES column.</para>
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@ -862,9 +880,16 @@ eth2:192.168.1.2 192.168.2.0/24</programlisting>
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<para>You can enable access to the server from your local network
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using the firewall's external IP address by adding this rule:</para>
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<programlisting>#ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DEST PORT(S) SOURCE ORIGINAL
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# PORT DEST
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<emphasis role="bold">DNAT loc dmz:192.168.2.4 tcp 80 - 206.124.146.176</emphasis></programlisting>
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<programlisting>#ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DPORT SPORT ORIGDEST
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?SECTION ALL
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?SECTION ESTABLISHED
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?SECTION RELATED
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?SECTION INVALID
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?SECTION UNTRACKED
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?SECTION NEW
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<emphasis role="bold">DNAT loc dmz:192.168.2.4 tcp 80 - 206.124.146.176</emphasis></programlisting>
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<para>If your external IP address is dynamic, then you must do the
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following:</para>
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@ -875,9 +900,16 @@ eth2:192.168.1.2 192.168.2.0/24</programlisting>
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<para>and make your DNAT rule:</para>
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<programlisting>#ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DEST PORT SOURCE ORIGINAL
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# PORT DEST.
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DNAT loc dmz:192.168.2.4 tcp 80 - <emphasis
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<programlisting>#ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DPORT SPORT ORIGDEST
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?SECTION ALL
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?SECTION ESTABLISHED
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?SECTION RELATED
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?SECTION INVALID
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?SECTION UNTRACKED
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?SECTION NEW
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DNAT loc dmz:192.168.2.4 tcp 80 - <emphasis
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role="bold">$ETH0_IP</emphasis></programlisting>
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<warning>
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@ -1433,16 +1465,23 @@ net-fw DROP eth2 5 packets from 61.158.162.9 to 206.124.146.177</programlisting
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<para><emphasis role="bold">Answer:</emphasis> Temporarily add the
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following rule:</para>
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<programlisting>#ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DEST PORT(S)
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DROP net fw udp 10619</programlisting>
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<programlisting>#ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DPORT
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<para>Alternatively, if you do not set BLACKLIST_LOGLEVEL and you have
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specifed the 'blacklist' option on your external interface in
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<filename>/etc/shorewall/interfaces</filename>, then you can blacklist
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the port. In <filename>/etc/shorewall/blacklist</filename>:</para>
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?SECTION ALL
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?SECTION ESTABLISHED
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?SECTION RELATED
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?SECTION INVALID
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?SECTION UNTRACKED
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?SECTION NEW
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<programlisting>#ADDRESS/SUBNET PROTOCOL PORT
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- udp 10619</programlisting>
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DROP net $FW udp 10619</programlisting>
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<para>Alternatively, if you do not set BLACKLIST_LOGLEVEL you can blacklist
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the port. In <filename>/etc/shorewall/blrules</filename>:</para>
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<programlisting>#ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DPORT
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DROP net $FW udp 10619</programlisting>
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</section>
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<section id="faq6d">
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@ -2361,12 +2400,11 @@ gateway:~# </programlisting>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">Answer:</emphasis> Suppose that you want all
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traffic to go out through ISP1 (mark 1) unless you specify otherwise.
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Then simply add these two rules as the first marking rules in your
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<filename>/etc/shorewall/mangle</filename>
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(<filename>/etc/shorewall/tcrules</filename>) file:</para>
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<filename>/etc/shorewall/mangle</filename> (was tcrules) file:</para>
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<programlisting>#ACTION SOURCE DEST
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1:P 0.0.0.0/0
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1 $FW
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<programlisting>#ACTION SOURCE DEST
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MARK(1):P 0.0.0.0/0
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MARK(1) $FW
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<emphasis>other MARK rules</emphasis></programlisting>
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<para>Now any traffic that isn't marked by one of your other MARK rules
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@ -2449,8 +2487,8 @@ root@gateway:~#</programlisting>
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at 10-12kb and adjust as necessary. Example (simple traffic
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shaping):</para>
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<programlisting>#INTERFACE TYPE IN-BANDWIDTH OUT-BANDWIDTH
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eth0 External 50mbit:200kb 5.0mbit:100kb:200ms:100mbit:<emphasis
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<programlisting>#INTERFACE TYPE IN_BANDWIDTH OUT_BANDWIDTH
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eth0 External 50mbit:200kb 5.0mbit:100kb:200ms:100mbit:<emphasis
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role="bold">10kb</emphasis>
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</programlisting>
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@ -2495,8 +2533,7 @@ root@gateway:/etc/shorewall#
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<para>Example from /etc/shorewall/tcdevices:</para>
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<programlisting>#NUMBER: IN-BANDWIDTH OUT-BANDWIDTH OPTIONS
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#INTERFACE
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<programlisting>#INTERFACE IN_BANDWITH OUT_BANDWIDTH OPTIONS
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1:COMB_IF <emphasis role="bold">~20mbit:250ms:4sec</emphasis> ${UPLOAD}kbit hfsc,linklayer=ethernet,overhead=0</programlisting>
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<para>To create a rate-estimated filter, precede the bandwidth with a
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@ -2674,9 +2711,17 @@ VS3=fw:192.168.2.14</programlisting>
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<para><filename>/etc/shorewall/rules</filename>:</para>
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<programlisting>#ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DEST PORT(S)
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ACCEPT $VS1 net tcp 25
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DNAT net $VS1 tcp 25
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<programlisting>#ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DPORT
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?SECTION ALL
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?SECTION ESTABLISHED
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?SECTION RELATED
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?SECTION INVALID
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?SECTION UNTRACKED
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?SECTION NEW
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ACCEPT $VS1 net tcp 25
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DNAT net $VS1 tcp 25
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etc...</programlisting>
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</section>
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</section>
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@ -2925,7 +2970,7 @@ else
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<section id="faq26">
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<title>(FAQ 26) When I try to use any of the SYN options in nmap on or
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behind the firewall, I get <quote>operation not permitted</quote>. How
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can I use nmap with Shorewall?"</title>
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can I use nmap with Shorewall?</title>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">Answer:</emphasis> Temporarily remove any
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<emphasis role="bold">rejNotSyn</emphasis>, <emphasis
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@ -2964,8 +3009,8 @@ else
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everyone's site. Adsense is a Javascript that people add to their Web
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pages. So I entered the rule:</para>
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<programlisting>#ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO
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REJECT fw net:pagead2.googlesyndication.com all</programlisting>
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<programlisting>#ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO
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REJECT fw net:pagead2.googlesyndication.com all</programlisting>
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<para>However, this also sometimes restricts access to "google.com". Why
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is that? Using dig, I found these IPs for domain
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@ -2992,9 +3037,9 @@ REJECT fw net:pagead2.googlesyndication.com all</programlisting
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expressed in terms of those IP addresses. So the rule that you entered
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was equivalent to:</para>
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<para><programlisting>#ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO
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REJECT fw net:216.239.37.99 all
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REJECT fw net:216.239.39.99 all</programlisting>Given that
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<para><programlisting>#ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO
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REJECT $FW net:216.239.37.99 all
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REJECT $FW net:216.239.39.99 all</programlisting>Given that
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name-based multiple hosting is a common practice (another example:
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lists.shorewall.net and www1.shorewall.net are both hosted on the same
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system with a single IP address), it is not possible to filter
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@ -3079,10 +3124,9 @@ gateway:~# </programlisting>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">Answer:</emphasis> Add these two
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policies:</para>
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<programlisting>#SOURCE DESTINATION POLICY LOG LIMIT:BURST
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# LEVEL
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$FW loc ACCEPT
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loc $FW ACCEPT </programlisting>
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<programlisting>#SOURCE DEST POLICY LOGLEVEL LIMIT CONNLIMIT
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$FW loc ACCEPT
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loc $FW ACCEPT</programlisting>
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<para>You should also delete any ACCEPT rules from $FW->loc and
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loc->$FW since those rules are redundant with the above
|
||||
@ -3121,16 +3165,16 @@ loc $FW ACCEPT </programlisting>
|
||||
|
||||
<para><filename>/etc/shorewall/masq:</filename></para>
|
||||
|
||||
<programlisting>#INTERFACE SOURCE ADDRESS
|
||||
<programlisting>#INTERFACE SOURCE ADDRESS
|
||||
|
||||
COMMENT DSL Modem
|
||||
|
||||
EXT_IF:172.20.1.2 0.0.0.0/0 172.20.1.254
|
||||
EXT_IF:172.20.1.2 0.0.0.0/0 172.20.1.254
|
||||
</programlisting>
|
||||
|
||||
<para><filename>/etc/shorewall/proxyarp</filename>:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<programlisting>#ADDRESS INTERFACE EXTERNAL HAVEROUTE PERSISTENT
|
||||
<programlisting>#ADDRESS INTERFACE EXTERNAL HAVEROUTE PERSISTENT
|
||||
172.20.1.2 EXT_IF INT_IF no yes
|
||||
</programlisting>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
@ -3159,11 +3203,11 @@ EXT_IF:172.20.1.2 0.0.0.0/0 172.20.1.254
|
||||
<para>Your entry in <filename>/etc/shorewall/masq</filename> would
|
||||
then be:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<programlisting>#INTERFACE SOURCE ADDRESS
|
||||
<programlisting>#INTERFACE SOURCE ADDRESS
|
||||
|
||||
COMMENT DSL Modemhttp://ipv6.shorewall.net/SimpleBridge.html
|
||||
COMMENT DSL Modem
|
||||
|
||||
EXT_IF:192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0/0 192.168.1.254
|
||||
EXT_IF:192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0/0 192.168.1.254
|
||||
</programlisting>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
@ -3192,8 +3236,9 @@ EXT_IF:192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0/0 192.168.1.254
|
||||
default name for the firewall zone is <emphasis
|
||||
role="bold">fw</emphasis>:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<programlisting>#ZONE TYPE OPTIONS
|
||||
<emphasis role="bold">fw</emphasis> firewall</programlisting>
|
||||
<programlisting>#ZONE TYPE OPTIONS
|
||||
|
||||
<emphasis role="bold">fw</emphasis> firewall</programlisting>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>So, using the default or sample configurations, writing <emphasis
|
||||
role="bold">$FW</emphasis> is the same as writing <emphasis
|
||||
@ -3202,8 +3247,9 @@ EXT_IF:192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0/0 192.168.1.254
|
||||
<emphasis role="bold">$FW</emphasis> would be the same as writing
|
||||
<emphasis role="bold">gate</emphasis>.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<programlisting>#ZONE TYPE OPTIONS
|
||||
<emphasis role="bold">gate</emphasis> firewall</programlisting>
|
||||
<programlisting>#ZONE TYPE OPTIONS
|
||||
|
||||
<emphasis role="bold">gate</emphasis> firewall</programlisting>
|
||||
|
||||
<section id="faq95a">
|
||||
<title>Why was that done?</title>
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user