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Add OpenVZ Documentation
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Tom Eastep
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docs/OpenVZ.xml
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272
docs/OpenVZ.xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd">
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<article>
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<!--$Id$-->
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<articleinfo>
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<title>Shorewall and OpenVZ</title>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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<firstname>Tom</firstname>
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<surname>Eastep</surname>
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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<pubdate><?dbtimestamp format="Y/m/d"?></pubdate>
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<copyright>
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<year>2008</year>
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<holder>Thomas M. Eastep</holder>
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</copyright>
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<legalnotice>
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<para>Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
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document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version
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1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with
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no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover, and with no Back-Cover
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Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
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<quote><ulink url="GnuCopyright.htm">GNU Free Documentation
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License</ulink></quote>.</para>
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</legalnotice>
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</articleinfo>
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<section>
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<title>Introduction</title>
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<para><ulink url="http://wiki.openvz.org/">Open Virtuoso (OpenVZ)</ulink>
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is an open source kernel-based virtualization solution from
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<trademark>SWSoft</trademark>. Virtual servers take the form of
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<firstterm>containers</firstterm> which are created via
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<firstterm>templates</firstterm>. Templates are available for a wide
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variety of distributions and architectures.</para>
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<para>OpenVZ requires a patched kernel. Beginning with Lenny,
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<trademark>Debian</trademark> supplies OpenVZ kernels through the standard
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stable repository.</para>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>Shorewall on an OpenVZ Host</title>
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<para>As with any Shorewall installation involving other software, we
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suggest that you first install OpenVZ and get it working before attempting
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to add Shorewall. Alternatively, execute <command>shorewall
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clear</command> while <ulink
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url="http://wiki.openvz.org/Installation_on_Debian">installing and
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configuring OpenVZ</ulink>.</para>
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<section>
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<title>Networking</title>
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<para>The default OpenVZ networking configuration uses Proxy ARP. You
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assign containers IP addresses in the IP network from one of your
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interfaces and you are expected to set the proxy_arp flag on that
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interface
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(<filename>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/<replaceable>interface</replaceable>/proxy_arp</filename>).</para>
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<para>OpenVZ creates virtual interfaces in the host with very odd
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configurations.</para>
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<para>Example:</para>
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<programlisting>gateway:~# <command>ip addr ls dev venet0</command>
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10: venet0: <BROADCAST,POINTOPOINT,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
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link/void
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gateway:~# <command>ip route ls dev venet0</command>
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206.124.146.178 scope link
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gateway:~# </programlisting>
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<para>The interface has no IP configuration yet it has a route to
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206.124.146.178!</para>
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<para>From within the container with IP address 206.124.146.178, we have
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the following:</para>
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<programlisting>server:~ # <command>ip addr ls</command>
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1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
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link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
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inet 127.0.0.1/8 brd 127.255.255.255 scope host lo
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inet 127.0.0.2/8 brd 127.255.255.255 scope host secondary lo
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inet6 ::1/128 scope host
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valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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2: venet0: <BROADCAST,POINTOPOINT,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
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link/void
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inet 127.0.0.1/32 scope host venet0
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inet 206.124.146.178/32 scope global venet0:0
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server:~ # <command>ip route ls</command>
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192.0.2.0/24 dev venet0 scope link
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127.0.0.0/8 dev lo scope link
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default via 192.0.2.1 dev venet0
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server:~ # </programlisting>
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<para>There are a couple of unique features of this
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configuration:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>127.0.0.1/32 is configured on venet0 although the main routing
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table routes loopback traffic through the <filename
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class="devicefile">lo</filename> interface as normal.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>There is a route to 192.0.2.0/24 through venet0 even though
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the interface has no IP address in that network. Note: 192.0.2.0/24
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is reserved for use in documentation and for testing.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>The default route is via 192.0.2.1 yet there is no interface
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on the host with that IP address.</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>All of this doesn't really affect the Shorewall configuration but
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it is interesting none the less.</para>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>Shorewall Configuration</title>
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<para>We recommend handlintg the strange OpenVZ configuration in
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Shorewall as follows:</para>
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<para><filename>/etc/shorewall/zones</filename>:</para>
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<programlisting>###############################################################################
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#ZONE TYPE OPTIONS IN OUT
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# OPTIONS OPTIONS
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vz ipv4</programlisting>
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<para><filename>/etc/shorewall/interfaces</filename>:</para>
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<programlisting>###############################################################################
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#ZONE INTERFACE BROADCAST OPTIONS
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vz venet0 - </programlisting>
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<para><filename>/etc/shorewall/proxyarp</filename> (assumes that
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external interface is eth0):</para>
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<programlisting>###############################################################################
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#ADDRESS INTERFACE EXTERNAL HAVEROUTE PERSISTENT
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206.124.146.178 venet0 eth0 Yes</programlisting>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>Multi-ISP</title>
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<para>If you run Shorewall Multi-ISP support on the host, you should
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arrange for traffic to your containers to use the main routing table. In
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the configuration shown here, this entry in /etc/shorewall/route_rules
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is appropriate:</para>
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<programlisting>#SOURCE DEST PROVIDER PRIORITY
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- 206.124.146.178 main 1000</programlisting>
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</section>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>Shorewall in an OpenVZ Container</title>
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<para>If you have optained an OpenVZ container from a service provider,
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you may find it difficult to configure any type of firewall within the
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container. There are two container parameters that control iptables
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behavior within the container:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>--iptables <replaceable>name </replaceable></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Restrict access to iptables modules inside a container (by
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default all iptables modules that are loaded in the host system are
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accessible inside a container).</para>
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<para>You can use the following values for name: iptable_filter,
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iptable_mangle, ipt_limit, ipt_multiport, ipt_tos, ipt_TOS,
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ipt_REJECT, ipt_TCPMSS, ipt_tcpmss, ipt_ttl, ipt_LOG, ipt_length,
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ip_conntrack, ip_conntrack_ftp, ip_conntrack_irc, ipt_conntrack,
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ipt_state, ipt_helper, iptable_nat, ip_nat_ftp, ip_nat_irc,
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ipt_REDIRECT, xt_mac, ipt_owner.</para>
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<para>If your provider is using this option, you may be in deep
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trouble using Shorewall. Look at the output of <command>shorewall
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show capabilities</command> and weep. Then try to get your provider
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to remove this restriction on your container.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>--numiptent <replaceable>num</replaceable></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>This parameter limits the number of iptables rules that are
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allowed within the container. The default is 100 which is too small
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for a Shorewall configuration. We recommend setting this to at least
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200.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<para>To cut down on the amount of useless error messages during shorewall
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start/restart, we suggest that you create a capabilities file as
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follows:</para>
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<programlisting><command>shorewall show -f capabilities > /etc/shorewall/capabilities</command></programlisting>
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<para>You may still see annoying error messages during
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start/restart:</para>
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<programlisting>server:/etc/shorewall # shorewall restart
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Compiling...
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Compiling /etc/shorewall/zones...
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Compiling /etc/shorewall/interfaces...
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Determining Hosts in Zones...
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Preprocessing Action Files...
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Pre-processing /usr/share/shorewall/action.Drop...
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Pre-processing /usr/share/shorewall/action.Reject...
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Compiling /etc/shorewall/policy...
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Adding Anti-smurf Rules
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Adding rules for DHCP
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Compiling TCP Flags filtering...
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Compiling Kernel Route Filtering...
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Compiling Martian Logging...
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Compiling MAC Filtration -- Phase 1...
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Compiling /etc/shorewall/rules...
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Generating Transitive Closure of Used-action List...
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Processing /usr/share/shorewall/action.Reject for chain Reject...
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Processing /usr/share/shorewall/action.Drop for chain Drop...
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Compiling MAC Filtration -- Phase 2...
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Applying Policies...
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Generating Rule Matrix...
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Creating iptables-restore input...
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Compiling iptables-restore input for chain mangle:...
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Compiling /etc/shorewall/routestopped...
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Shorewall configuration compiled to /var/lib/shorewall/.restart
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Restarting Shorewall....
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Initializing...
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Processing /etc/shorewall/init ...
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Processing /etc/shorewall/tcclear ...
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Setting up Route Filtering...
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Setting up Martian Logging...
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Setting up Proxy ARP...
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Setting up Traffic Control...
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Preparing iptables-restore input...
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Running /usr/sbin/iptables-restore...
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<emphasis role="bold">FATAL: Could not load /lib/modules/2.6.26-2-openvz-amd64/modules.dep: No such file or directory
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FATAL: Could not load /lib/modules/2.6.26-2-openvz-amd64/modules.dep: No such file or directory
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FATAL: Could not load /lib/modules/2.6.26-2-openvz-amd64/modules.dep: No such file or directory
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FATAL: Could not load /lib/modules/2.6.26-2-openvz-amd64/modules.dep: No such file or directory</emphasis>
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IPv4 Forwarding Enabled
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Processing /etc/shorewall/start ...
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Processing /etc/shorewall/started ...
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done.
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</programlisting>
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<para>Those may be safely ignored.</para>
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</section>
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</article>
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