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Add a complex QOS Example
Signed-off-by: Tom Eastep <teastep@shorewall.net>
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Tom Eastep
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docs/QOSExample.xml
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339
docs/QOSExample.xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd">
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<article>
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<!--$Id$-->
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<articleinfo>
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<title>QOS Configuration</title>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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<firstname>Tom</firstname>
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<surname>Eastep</surname>
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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<pubdate><?dbtimestamp format="Y/m/d"?></pubdate>
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<copyright>
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<year>2012</year>
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<holder>Thomas M. Eastep</holder>
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</copyright>
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<legalnotice>
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<para>Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
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document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version
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1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with
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no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover, and with no Back-Cover
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Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
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<quote><ulink url="GnuCopyright.htm">GNU Free Documentation
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License</ulink></quote>.</para>
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</legalnotice>
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</articleinfo>
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<section>
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<title>Introduction</title>
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<para>This configuration was inspired by the one in this thread on the
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OpenWRT Forum: <ulink
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url="https://forum.openwrt.org/viewtopic.php?pid=154533#p154533">https://forum.openwrt.org/viewtopic.php?pid=154533#p154533</ulink>.
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The configuration has been adapted to Shorewall 4.5.6 with the following
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changes:</para>
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<orderedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>The configuration uses an IFB, yet only uses firewall marks in
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the OUTPUT and FORWARD chains to classify packets; clearly that
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doesn't work<footnote>
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<para>To be more precise, it doesn't work with an unpatched
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kernel. The OpenWRT script assumes an 'act_conntrack' patch which
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performs conntrack processing on packets before they are sent to
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the IFB. That patch is not generally available.</para>
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</footnote>The configuration presented here uses U32 classifiers
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(shorewall-tcfilters(5)) to classify traffic for download shaping and
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uses the POSTROUTING chain for upload shaping.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>The sample uses a weak form of P2P classification; the one
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presented below uses <ulink url="IPP2P.html">IPP2P</ulink>.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>The OpenWRT script assumed that the uplink was ATM -- the one
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below makes no assumption (it specifies 'ethernet' with overhead
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'0').</para>
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</listitem>
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</orderedlist>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>/etc/shorewall/params</title>
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<para>The shell variables set in the OpenWRT script are set in the
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Shorewall params file:</para>
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<programlisting>DOWNLOAD=40000 #download speed in kbit. set xx% of real download speed
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UPLOAD=7000 # set xx% of real upload speed
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# multiports = up to 15 ports
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# ports to be classified as bulk #set after connection mark save and after connection mark restore
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TCP_BULK="1024:" #S and D ports
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UDP_BULK="1024:" #S and D ports
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# Destination ports to be classified as P2P
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TCP_P2P="13769" #D ports
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UDP_P2P="13769" #D ports
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IP_P2P="192.168.0.133"
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# Destination ports to be classified as normal
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TCP_NORMAL="80,443,25,20,21,110,993,995" # D ports
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UDP_NORMAL=""
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# Destination ports to be classified as Prio (overules bulk ports)
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TCP_PRIO="22,53" #destination ports
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UDP_PRIO="22,53" #destination ports
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# Destination ports to be classified as VoIP (overules bulk ports)
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TCP_VOIP=""
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UDP_VOIP="18080"
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IP_VOIP="192.168.0.226" #destination and source IP
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IP_VOIP="192.168.0.226" #destination and source IP
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#!!!!!uplink leaf class parameters!!!!!!!!!
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#bulk
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UP_LS_BULK_RATE=$(($UPLOAD*5/100))
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UP_UL_BULK_RATE=$UPLOAD
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#settings leaf qdisc
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UP_BULK_RED_PROB=0.05 #red drob probability
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UP_BULK_RED_min=6250 #real limit. To limit BULK traffic
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UP_BULK_RED_min2=6250 #min for doing the calculations (burst and etc)
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UP_BULK_RED_max=$((2 * $UP_BULK_RED_min2 + $UP_BULK_RED_min))
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UP_BULK_RED_burst=$(((5 * $UP_BULK_RED_min2) / (3 * 1000)))
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UP_BULK_RED_limit=$(($UP_BULK_RED_max * 5))
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#P2P
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UP_LS_P2P_RATE=$(($UPLOAD * 5 / 100))
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UP_UL_P2P_RATE=$UPLOAD
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#settings leaf qdisc
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UP_P2P_RED_PROB=0.05 #red drob probability
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UP_P2P_RED_min=32000 #real limit. To limit P2P traffic
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UP_P2P_RED_min2=32000 #min for doing the calculations (burst and etc)
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UP_P2P_RED_max=$((5 * $UP_P2P_RED_min2 + $UP_P2P_RED_min))
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UP_P2P_RED_burst=$(((5 * $UP_P2P_RED_min2) / (3 * 1000)))
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UP_P2P_RED_limit=$(($UP_P2P_RED_max * 5))
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#normal class
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UP_LS_NORMAL_RATE=$(($UPLOAD * 40 / 100))
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UP_UL_NORMAL_RATE=$UPLOAD
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#settings leaf qdisc
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UP_NORMAL_RED_PROB=0.05 #red drob probability
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UP_NORMAL_RED_min=6250 #real limit. To limit NORMAL traffic
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UP_NORMAL_RED_min2=6250 #min for doing the calculations (burst and etc)
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UP_NORMAL_RED_max=$((2 * $UP_NORMAL_RED_min2 + $UP_NORMAL_RED_min))
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UP_NORMAL_RED_burst=$(((5 * $UP_NORMAL_RED_min2) / (3 * 1000)))
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UP_NORMAL_RED_limit=$(($UP_NORMAL_RED_max * 5))
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#prio
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UP_LS_PRIO_RATE=$(($UPLOAD*50/100))
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UP_RT_PRIO_RATE="200" #rate in kbit
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UP_RT_PRIO_UMAX="400" #lengte of the packets [byte]
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UP_RT_PRIO_DMAX="15" #delay in ms
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UP_UL_PRIO_RATE=$UPLOAD
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#Voip
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UP_UL_VOIP_RATE=$UPLOAD
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UP_SC_VOIP_RATE="200"
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UP_SC_VOIP_UMAX="350" #length of the voip packets [byte]
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UP_SC_VOIP_DMAX="10" #delay in ms
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#bulk
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DOWN_LS_BULK_RATE=$(($DOWNLOAD*5/100))
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DOWN_UL_BULK_RATE=$DOWNLOAD
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#leaf qdisc parameters
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DOWN_BULK_RED_PROB=0.05 #red drob probability
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DOWN_BULK_RED_min=62500 #real limit. To limit BULK traffic
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DOWN_BULK_RED_min2=62500 #min for doing the calculations (burst and etc)
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DOWN_BULK_RED_max=$((2 * $DOWN_BULK_RED_min2 + $DOWN_BULK_RED_min))
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DOWN_BULK_RED_burst=$(((5 * $DOWN_BULK_RED_min2) / (3 * 1000)))
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DOWN_BULK_RED_limit=$(($DOWN_BULK_RED_max * 5))
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#P2P
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DOWN_LS_P2P_RATE=$(($DOWNLOAD*5/100))
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DOWN_UL_P2P_RATE=4000
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#leaf qdisc parameters
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DOWN_P2P_RED_PROB=0.05 #red drob probability
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DOWN_P2P_RED_min=200000 #real limit. To limit P2P traffic
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DOWN_P2P_RED_min2=200000 #min for doing the calculations (burst and etc)
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DOWN_P2P_RED_max=$((2 * $DOWN_P2P_RED_min2 + $DOWN_P2P_RED_min))
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DOWN_P2P_RED_burst=$(((5 * $DOWN_P2P_RED_min2) / (3 * 1000)))
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DOWN_P2P_RED_limit=$(($DOWN_P2P_RED_max * 5))
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#normal class
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DOWN_LS_NORMAL_RATE=$(($DOWNLOAD*75/100))
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DOWN_UL_NORMAL_RATE=$DOWNLOAD
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#leaf qdisc parameters
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DOWN_NORMAL_RED_PROB=0.05 #red drob probability
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DOWN_NORMAL_RED_min=62500 #real limit. To limit NORMAL traffic
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DOWN_NORMAL_RED_min2=62500 #min for doing the calculations (burst and etc)
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DOWN_NORMAL_RED_max=$((2 * $DOWN_NORMAL_RED_min2 + $DOWN_NORMAL_RED_min))
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DOWN_NORMAL_RED_burst=$(((5 * $DOWN_NORMAL_RED_min2) / (3 * 1000)))
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DOWN_NORMAL_RED_limit=$(($DOWN_NORMAL_RED_max * 5))
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#prio
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DOWN_RT_PRIO_RATE="500" #rate in kbit
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DOWN_RT_PRIO_UMAX="400" #length of the packets [byte]/
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DOWN_RT_PRIO_DMAX="1.5" #delay in ms
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DOWN_UL_PRIO_RATE=$DOWNLOAD
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#Voip
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DOWN_UL_VOIP_RATE=$DOWNLOAD
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DOWN_SC_VOIP_RATE="250"
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DOWN_SC_VOIP_UMAX="350" #lengt of voip packets [byte]
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DOWN_SC_VOIP_DMAX="1.2" #delay in ms</programlisting>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>/etc/shorewall/init</title>
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<para>The init file loads the ifb module, creating a single device:</para>
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<programlisting>modprobe ifb numifbs=1
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ip link set ifb0 up</programlisting>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>/etc/shorewall/tcdevices</title>
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<para>The tcdevices file describes the two devices:</para>
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<programlisting>#NUMBER: IN-BANDWITH OUT-BANDWIDTH OPTIONS REDIRECTED
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#INTERFACE INTERFACES
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1:eth0 - ${UPLOAD}kbit hfsc,linklayer=ethernet,overhead=0
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2:ifb0 - ${DOWNLOAD}kbit hfsc eth0</programlisting>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>/etc/shorewall/tcclasses</title>
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<para>The tcclasses file defines the class hierarchy for both
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devices:</para>
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<programlisting>#IFACE: MARK RATE: CEIL PRIORITY OPTIONS
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#CLASS DMAX:UMAX
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1 1 ${UP_SC_VOIP_RATE}kbit:\
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${UP_SC_VOIP_DMAX}:\
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${UP_SC_VOIP_UMAX} ${UP_UL_VOIP_RATE}kbit 1
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1 2 ${UP_RT_PRIO_RATE}kbit:\
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${UP_RT_PRIO_DMAX}:\
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${UP_RT_PRIO_UMAX} ${UP_LS_PRIO_RATE}kbit:\
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${UP_UL_PRIO_RATE}kbit 1
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1 3 - ${UP_LS_NORMAL_RATE}kbit:\
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${UP_UL_NORMAL_RATE}kbit 1 red=(limit=$UP_NORMAL_RED_limit,\
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min=$UP_NORMAL_RED_min,\
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max=$UP_NORMAL_RED_max,\
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burst=$UP_NORMAL_RED_burst,\
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probability=$UP_NORMAL_RED_PROB,\
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ecn)
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1 4 - ${UP_LS_P2P_RATE}kbit:\
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${UP_UL_P2P_RATE}kbit 1 red=(limit=$UP_P2P_RED_limit,\
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min=$UP_P2P_RED_min,\
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max=$UP_P2P_RED_max,\
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burst=$UP_P2P_RED_burst,\
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probability=$UP_P2P_RED_PROB,\
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ecn)
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1 5 - ${UP_LS_BULK_RATE}kbit:\
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${UP_UL_BULK_RATE}kbit 1 default,\
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red=(limit=$UP_BULK_RED_limit,\
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min=$UP_BULK_RED_min,\
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max=$UP_BULK_RED_max,\
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burst=$UP_BULK_RED_burst,\
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probability=$UP_BULK_RED_PROB,\
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ecn)
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2:10 - ${UP_SC_VOIP_RATE}kbit:\
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${UP_SC_VOIP_DMAX}:\
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${UP_SC_VOIP_UMAX} ${UP_UL_VOIP_RATE}kbit 1
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2:20 - ${DOWN_RT_PRIO_RATE}kbit:\
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${DOWN_RT_PRIO_DMAX}:\
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${DOWN_RT_PRIO_UMAX} ${DOWN_UL_PRIO_RATE}kbit 1
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2:30 - - ${DOWN_LS_NORMAL_RATE}kbit:\
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${DOWN_UL_NORMAL_RATE}kbit 1 red=(limit=$DOWN_NORMAL_RED_limit,\
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min=$DOWN_NORMAL_RED_min,\
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max=$DOWN_NORMAL_RED_max,\
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burst=$DOWN_NORMAL_RED_burst,\
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probability=$DOWN_NORMAL_RED_PROB)
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2:40 - - ${DOWN_LS_P2P_RATE}kbit:\
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${DOWN_UL_P2P_RATE}kbit 1 red=(limit=$DOWN_P2P_RED_limit,\
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min=$DOWN_P2P_RED_min,\
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max=$DOWN_P2P_RED_max,\
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burst=$DOWN_P2P_RED_burst,\
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probability=$DOWN_P2P_RED_PROB)
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2:50 - - ${DOWN_LS_BULK_RATE}kbit:\
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${DOWN_UL_BULK_RATE}kbit 1 default,\
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red=(limit=$DOWN_BULK_RED_limit,\
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min=$DOWN_BULK_RED_min,\
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max=$DOWN_BULK_RED_max,\
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burst=$DOWN_BULK_RED_burst,\
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probability=$DOWN_BULK_RED_PROB)</programlisting>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>/etc/shorewall/tcrules</title>
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<para>The tcrules file classifies upload packets:</para>
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<programlisting>#MARK SOURCE DEST PROTO DEST SOURCE USER TEST
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# PORT(S) PORT(S)
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RESTORE:T - - - - - - !0:C
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CONTINUE:T - - - - - - !0
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2:T - - icmp
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1:T - - udp $UDP_VOIP - - 0
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1:T $IP_VOIP - - - - - 0
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1:T - $IP_VOIP - - - - 0
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2:T - - tcp $TCP_PRIO - - 0
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2:T - - udp $UDP_PRIO - - 0
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2:T - - tcp - $TCP_PRIO - 0
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2:T - - udp - $UDP_PRIO - 0
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3:T - - tcp $TCP_NORMAL - - 0
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4:T - - ipp2p:all - - - 0
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5:T - - tcp $TCP_BULK - - 0
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5:T - - tcp - $TCP_BULK - 0
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5:T - - udp $UDP_BULK - - 0
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5:T - - udp - $UDP_BULK - 0
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SAVE:T - - - - - - !0</programlisting>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>/etc/shorewall/tcfilters</title>
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<para>The tcfilters file classifies download packets:</para>
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<programlisting>#INTERFACE: SOURCE DEST PROTO DEST SOURCE TOS LENGTH
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#CLASS PORT(S) PORT(S)
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#
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# These classify download traffic
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#
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2:10 - $MYNET udp - $UDP_VOIP
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2:20 - $MYNET tcp - $TCP_PRIO
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2:20 - $MYNET udp - $UDP_PRIO
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2:20 - $MYNET tcp $TCP_PRIO
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2:20 - $MYNET udp $UDP_PRIO
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2:30 - $MYNET tcp - $TCP_NORMAL
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2:50 - $MYNET tcp $TCP_BULK
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2:50 - $MYNET tcp - $TCP_BULK
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2:50 - $MYNET udp $UDP_BULK
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2:50 - $MYNET tcp - $UDP_BULK
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</programlisting>
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</section>
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</article>
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