Tom Eastep 2001- 2006 2009 2012 Thomas M. Eastep Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled GNU Free Documentation License. This article applies to Shorewall 4.3 and later. If you are installing or upgrading to a version of Shorewall earlier than Shorewall 4.3.5 then please see the documentation for that release. Before attempting installation, I strongly urge you to read and print a copy of the Shorewall QuickStart Guide for the configuration that most closely matches your own. This article only tells you how to install the product on your system. The QuickStart Guides describe how to configure the product. Before upgrading, be sure to review the Upgrade Issues. Shorewall RPMs are signed. To avoid warnings such as the followingwarning: shorewall-3.2.1-1.noarch.rpm: V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 6c562ac4 download the Shorewall GPG key and run this command: rpm --import shorewall.gpg.key

To install Shorewall using the RPM: Be sure that you have the correct RPM package! The standard RPM package from shorewall.net and the mirrors is known to work with SUSE, Power PPC, Trustix and TurboLinux. There is also an RPM package provided by Simon Matter that is tailored for RedHat/Fedora and another package from Jack Coates that is customized for Mandriva. All of these are available from the download page. If you try to install the wrong package, it probably won't work. Install the RPMs rpm -ivh <shorewall rpm> Some users are in the habit of using the rpm -U command for installing packages as well as for updating them. If you use that command when installing the Shorewall RPM then you will have to manually enable Shorewall startup at boot time by running chkconfig, insserv or whatever utility you use to manipulate you init symbolic links. Shorewall is dependent on the iproute package. Unfortunately, some distributions call this package iproute2 which will cause the installation of Shorewall to fail with the diagnostic: error: failed dependencies:iproute is needed by shorewall-3.2.x-1 This problem should not occur if you are using the correct RPM package (see 1., above) but may be worked around by using the --nodeps option of rpm. rpm -ivh --nodeps <rpms> Example:rpm -ivh shorewall-4.3.5-0base.noarch.rpm

Shorewall 4.5.2 introduced a change in the philosopy used by the Shorewall installers. 4.5.2 introduced the concept of shorewallrc files. These files define the parameters to the install process. During the first installation using Shorewall-core 4.5.2 or later, a shorewallrc file named ${HOME}/.shorewallrc will be installed. That file will provide the default parameters for installing other Shorewall components of the same or later version. Note that you must install Shorewall-core before installing any other Shorewall package. Each of the Shorewall packages contains a set of distribution-specific shorewallrc files: shorewallrc.apple (OS X) shorewallrc.archlinux shorewallrc.cygwin (Cygwin running on Windows) shorewallrc.debian (Debian and derivatives) shoreallrc.default (Generic Linux) shorewallrc.redhat (Fedora, RHEL and derivatives) shorewallrc.slackware shorewallrc.suse (SLES and OpenSuSE) When installing 4.5.2 or later for the first time, a special procedure must be followed: Select the shorewallrc file that is closest to your needs. Review the settings in the file. If you want to change something then you have two choices: Copy the file to shorewallrc and edit the copy to meet your needs; or If the system has Bash (/bin/bash) 4.0 or later installed, you can run ./configure (see below). If you are installing 4.5.2.1 or later and your system has Perl installed, you can use the Perl version (./configure.pl). ./install.sh If you don't need to change the file, then simply: ./install.sh shorewallrcfile-that-meets-your-needs Example: ./install shorewallrc.debian The shorewall-core install.sh script will store the shorewallrc file in ~/.shorewallrc where it will provide the defaults for future installations of all Shorewall products. Other packages/versions can be installed by simply typing ./install.sh

A shorewallrc file contains a number of lines of the form option=value. Because some of the installers are shared between Shorewall products, the files assume the definition of the symbol PRODUCT. $PRODUCT will contain the name of a Shorewall product (shorewall-core, shorewall, shorewall6, shorewall-lite, shorewall6-lite or shorewall-init). Valid values for option are: HOST Selects the shorewallrc file to use for default settings. Valid values are: apple OS X archlinux Archlinux cygwin Cygwin running under Windows debian Debian and derivatives (Ubuntu, Kbuntu, etc) default Generic Linux redhat Fedora, RHEL and derivatives (CentOS, Foobar, etc) slackware Slackware Linux suse SLES and OpenSuSe PREFIX Top-level directory under which most Shorewall components are installed. All standard shorewallrc files define this as \usr. SHAREDIR The directory where most Shorewall components are installed. In all of the standard shorewallrc file, this option has the value ${PREFIX}/share. LIBEXECDIR Directory where internal executables are stored. In the standard shorewallrc files, the default is either ${PREFIX}/share or ${PREFIX}/libexec PERLLIBDIR Directory where the Shorewall Perl modules are installed. Then will be installed in this directory under the sub-directory Shorewall. Default is distribution-specific. CONFDIR Directory where subsystem configuration data is stored. Default is /etc in all shorewallrc file. SBINDIR Directory where CLI programs will be installed. Default in all shorewallrc files is /sbin. MANDIR Directory under which manpages are to be installed. Default is distribution dependent. INITDIR Directory under which SysV init scripts are installed. Default is distribution dependent. INITSOURCE File in the package that is to be installed as the SysV init script for the product. INITFILE The name of the SysV init script when installed under $INITDIR. May be empty, in which case no SysV init script will be installed. This is usually the case on systems that run systemd and on systems like Cygwin or OS X where Shorewall can't act as a firewall. AUXINITSOURCE and AUXINITFILE Analogs of INITSOURCE and INITFILE for distributions, like Slackware, that have a master SysV init script and multiple subordinate scripts. SYSTEMD The directory under which the product's .service file is to be installed. Should only be specified on systems running systemd. SERVICEFILE Added in Shorewall 4.5.20. When SYSTEMD is specified, this variable names the file to be installed as the product's .service file. If not specified, $PRODUCT.service is assumed. SYSCONFDIR The directory where package SysV init configuration files are to be installed. /etc/default on Debian and derivatives and /etc/sysconfig otherwise SYSCONFFILE The file in the Shorewall package that should be installed as ${SYSCONFDIR}/$PRODUCT ANNOTATED Value is either empty or non-empty. Non-empty indicates that files in ${CONFDIR}/${PRODUCT} should be annotated with manpage documentation. SPARSE Value is either empty or non-empty. When non-empty, only ${PRODUCT}.conf will be installed in ${CONFDIR}/${PRODUCT} VARLIB Added in Shorewall 4.5.8. Directory where subsystem state data is to be stored. Default is /var/lib. VARDIR Shorewall 4.5.7 and earlier: Directory where subsystem state data is to be stored. Default is /var/lib. Shorewall 4.5.8 and later: Default is /var/lib/$PRODUCT. From Shorewall 4.5.2 through 4.5.7, there were two interpretations of VARDIR. In the shorewallrc file, it referred to the directory where all Shorewall product state would be stored (default /var/lib). But in the code and in shorewall-vardir(5), it referred to the directory where an individual products state would be stored (e.g., /var/lib/shorewall). In Shorewall 4.5.8, the variable VARLIB was added to shorewallrc. In that release, the shorewallrc files packaged with the Shorewall products were changed to include these two lines: VARLIB=/var/lib VARDIR defaults to '${VARLIB}/${PRODUCT}' if VARLIB is specified and VARDIR isn't. The consumers of shorewallrc were changed so that if there is no VARLIB setting, then VARLIB is set to $VARDIR and $VARDIR is set to ${VARLIB}/${PRODUCT}. This allows existing shorewallrc files to be used unchanged.

The configure script requires Bash 4.0 or later. Beginning with Shorewall 4.5.2.1, a Perl version (configure.pl) of the script is included for use by packagers that have to deal with systems with earlier versions of Bash. The configure.pl script works identically to the Bash version. The configure script creates a file named shorewallrc in the current working directory. This file is the default input file to the install.sh scripts. It is run as follows: ./configure[.pl] [ option=value ] ... The possible values for option are the same as those shone above in the shorewallrc file. They may be specified in either upper or lower case and may optionally be prefixed by '--'. To facilitate use with the rpm %configure script, the following options are supported: vendor Alias for host. sharedstatedir Shorewall 4.5.2 - 4.5.7 Alias for vardir. Shorewall 4.5.8 and later. Alias for varlib. datadir Alias for sharedir. Note that %configure may dsgenerate option/value pairs that are incompatible with the configure script. The current %configure macro is: %configure \ CFLAGS="${CFLAGS:-%optflags}" ; export CFLAGS ; \ CXXFLAGS="${CXXFLAGS:-%optflags}" ; export CXXFLAGS ; \ FFLAGS="${FFLAGS:-%optflags}" ; export FFLAGS ; \ ./configure --host=%{_host} --build=%{_build} \\\ --target=%{_target_platform} \\\ --program-prefix=%{?_program_prefix} \\\ --prefix=%{_prefix} \\\ --exec-prefix=%{_exec_prefix} \\\ --bindir=%{_bindir} \\\ --sbindir=%{_sbindir} \\\ --sysconfdir=%{_sysconfdir} \\\ --datadir=%{_datadir} \\\ --includedir=%{_includedir} \\\ --libdir=%{_libdir} \\\ --libexecdir=%{_libexecdir} \\\ --localstatedir=%{_localstatedir} \\\ --sharedstatedir=%{_sharedstatedir} \\\ --mandir=%{_mandir} \\\ --infodir=%{_infodir} On Fedora 16, this expands to: CFLAGS="${CFLAGS:--O2 -g -march=i386 -mtune=i686}" ; export CFLAGS ; CXXFLAGS="${CXXFLAGS:--O2 -g -march=i386 -mtune=i686}" ; export CXXFLAGS ; FFLAGS="${FFLAGS:--O2 -g -march=i386 -mtune=i686}" ; export FFLAGS ; ./configure --host=i686-pc-linux-gnu --build=i686-pc-linux-gnu \ --program-prefix= \ --prefix=/usr \ --exec-prefix=/usr \ --bindir=/usr/bin \ --sbindir=/usr/sbin \ --sysconfdir=/etc \ --datadir=/usr/share \ --includedir=/usr/include \ --libdir=/usr/lib \ --libexecdir=/usr/libexec \ --localstatedir=/var \ --sharedstatedir=/var/lib \ --mandir=/usr/share/man \ --infodir=/usr/share/info The value of --host does not map to any of the valid HOST values in shorewallrc. So to use %configure on a Fedora system, you want to invoke it as follows: %configure --vendor=redhat To reset the value of a setting in shorewallrc.$host, give it a null value. For example, if you are installing on a RHEL derivative that doesn't run systemd, use this command: ./configure --vendor=redhat --systemd=

If you build your own packages, then you will want to install the Shorewall products into it's own directory tree. This is done by adding DESTDIR to the installer's environment. For example, to install a product for Debian into the /tmp/package directory: DESTDIR=/tmp/package ./install.sh shorewallrc.debian

When DESTDIR is used, the resulting configuration is not runnable, because all configuration pathnames are relative to $DESTDIR. Beginning with Shorewall 4.6.4, you can create runnable configurations separate from your main configuration. Here is a sample shorewallrc file: INSTALL_DIR=/usr/local/shorewall-custom HOST=suse PREFIX=${INSTALL_DIR} SHAREDIR=${INSTALL_DIR}/share LIBEXECDIR=${INSTALL_DIR}/lib PERLLIBDIR=${INSTALL_DIR}/lib/perl5 CONFDIR=${INSTALL_DIR}/etc SBINDIR=${INSTALL_DIR}/usr/sbin MANDIR=${SHAREDIR}/man/ INITDIR=${INSTALL_DIR}/etc/init.d INITSOURCE=init.suse.sh INITFILE=${PRODUCT} AUXINITSOURCE= AUXINITFILE= SYSTEMD=${INSTALL_DIR}/etc/systemd SERVICEFILE=${PRODUCT}.service SYSCONFFILE=sysconfig SYSCONFDIR=${INSTALL_DIR}/etc/sysconfig SPARSE= ANNOTATED= VARLIB=${INSTALL_DIR}/var/lib VARDIR=${VARLIB}/${PRODUCT} SANDBOX=Yes The above shorewallrc creates a runnable configuration in /usr/local/shorewall-custom. It is triggered by adding SANDBOX to the shorewallrc file -- any non-empty value for that variable will prevent the installer from replacing the current main configuraiton.

Beginning with Shorewall-4.5.0, the Shorewall packages depend on Shorewall-core. So the first step is to install that package: unpack the tarballs:tar -jxf shorewall-core-4.5.0.tar.bz2 cd to the shorewall directory (the version is encoded in the directory name as in shorewall-core-4.5.0). Type: ./install.sh To install Shorewall using the tarball and install script: unpack the tarballs:tar -jxf shorewall-4.5.0.tar.bz2 cd to the shorewall directory (the version is encoded in the directory name as in shorewall-4.3.5). Type: ./install.sh or if you are installing Shorewall or Shorewall6 version 4.4.8 or later, you may type: ./install.sh -s The -s option suppresses installation of all files in /etc/shorewall except shorewall.conf. You can copy any other files you need from one of the Samples or from /usr/share/shorewall/configfiles/. If the install script was unable to configure Shorewall to be started automatically at boot, see these instructions. Beginning with shorewall 4.4.20.1, the installer also supports a -a (annotated) option. Beginning with that release, the standard configuration files (including samples) may be annotated with the contents of the associated manpage. The -a option enables that behavior. The default remains that the configuration files do not include documentation.

Distributions have different philosophies about the proper file hierarchy. Two issures are particularly contentious: Executable files in /usr/share/shorewall*. These include; getparams compiler.pl wait4ifup shorecap ifupdown Perl Modules in /usr/share/shorewall/Shorewall. To allow distributions to designate alternate locations for these files, the installers (install.sh) from 4.4.19 onward support the following environmental variables: LIBEXEC Determines where in /usr getparams, compiler.pl, wait4ifup, shorecap and ifupdown are installed. Shorewall and Shorewall6 must be installed with the same value of LIBEXEC. The listed executables are installed in /usr/${LIBEXEC}/shorewall*. The default value of LIBEXEC is 'share'. LIBEXEC is recognized by all installers and uninstallers. Beginning with Shorewall 4.4.20, you can specify an absolute path name for LIBEXEC, in which case the listed executables will be installed in ${LIBEXEC}/shorewall*. Beginning with Shorewall 4.5.1, you must specify an absolute pathname for LIBEXEC. PERLLIB Determines where in /usr the Shorewall Perl modules are installed. Shorewall and Shorewall6 must be installed with the same value of PERLLIB. The modules are installed in /usr/${PERLLIB}/Shorewall. The default value of PERLLIB is 'share/shorewall'. PERLLIB is only recognized by the Shorewall and Shorewall6 installers. Beginning with Shorewall 4.4.20, you can specify an absolute path name for PERLLIB, in which case the Shorewall Perl modules will be installed in ${PERLLIB}/Shorewall/. Beginning with Shorewall 4.5.1, you must specify an absolute pathname for PERLLIB. MANDIR Determines where the man pages are installed. Default is distribution-dependent as shown below.

The default install locations are distribution dependent as shown in the following sections. These are the locations that are chosen by the install.sh scripts.

COMPONENT LOCATION man pages /usr/share/man/ (may ve overridden using MANDIR) Shorewall Perl Modules /usr/share/shorewall/ (may be overridden using PERLLIB) Executable helper scripts (compiler.pl, getparams, wait4ifup) /usr/share/shorewall/ (may be overridden using LIBEXEC) ifupdown.sh (from Shorewall-init) /usr/share/shorewall-init/ (may be overridden using LIBEXEC)

COMPONENT LOCATION CLI programs /sbin/product Distribution-specific configuration file /etc/default/product Init Scripts /etc/init.d/product ifupdown scripts from Shorewall-init /etc/network/if-up.d/shorewall, /etc/network/if-post-down.d/shorewall ppp ifupdown scripts from Shorewall-init /etc/ppp/ip-up.d/shorewall, /etc/ppp/ip-down.d/shorewall /etc/ppp/ipv6-up.d/shorewall /etc/ppp/ipv6-down.d/shorewall

COMPONENT LOCATION CLI programs /sbin/product Distribution-specific configuration file /etc/sysconfig/product Init Scripts /etc/rc.d/init.d/product ifupdown scripts from Shorewall-init /sbin/ifup-local, /sbin/ifdown-local ppp ifupdown scripts from Shorewall-init /etc/ppp/ip-up.local, /etc/ppp/ip-down.local

COMPONENT LOCATION CLI programs /sbin/product Distribution-specific configuration file /etc/sysconfig/product Init Scripts /etc/init.d/product ifupdown scripts from Shorewall-init /etc/sysconfig/network/if-up.d/shorewall, /etc/sysconfig/network/if-down.d/shorewall ppp ifupdown scripts from Shorewall-init /etc/ppp/ip-up.d/shorewall, /etc/ppp/ip-down.d/shorewall /etc/ppp/ipv6-up.d/shorewall /etc/ppp/ipv6-down.d/shorewall

COMPONENT LOCATION CLI programs /bin/product Distribution-specific configuration file N/A Init Scripts N/A ifupdown scripts from Shorewall-init N/A ppp ifupdown scripts from Shorewall-init N/A

COMPONENT LOCATION CLI programs /sbin/product Distribution-specific configuration file N/A Init Scripts N/A ifupdown scripts from Shorewall-init N/A ppp ifupdown scripts from Shorewall-init N/A

Once you have installed the .deb packages and before you attempt to configure Shorewall, please heed the advice of Lorenzo Martignoni, former Shorewall Debian Maintainer: For more information about Shorewall usage on Debian system please look at /usr/share/doc/shorewall-common/README.Debian provided by [the] shorewall Debian package. The easiest way to install Shorewall on Debian, is to use apt-get. First, to ensure that you are installing the latest version of Shorewall, please modify your /etc/apt/preferences: Package: shorewall Pin: release o=Debian,a=testing Pin-Priority: 700 Package: shorewall-doc Pin: release o=Debian,a=testing Pin-Priority: 700Then run:# apt-get update # apt-get install shorewall Once you have completed configuring Shorewall, you can enable startup at boot time by setting startup=1 in /etc/default/shorewall.

Most problems associated with upgrades come from two causes: The user didn't read and follow the migration considerations in the release notes (these are also reproduced in the Shorewall Upgrade Issues). The user mis-handled the /etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf file during upgrade. Shorewall is designed to allow the default behavior of the product to evolve over time. To make this possible, the design assumes that you will not replace your current shorewall.conf file during upgrades. It is recommended that after you first install Shorewall that you modify /etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf so as to prevent your package manager from overwriting it during subsequent upgrades (since the addition of STARTUP_ENABLED, such modification is assured since you must manually change the setting of that option). If you feel absolutely compelled to have the latest options in your shorewall.conf then you must proceed carefully. You should determine which new options have been added and you must reset their value (e.g. OPTION=""); otherwise, you will get different behavior from what you expect.

If you already have the Shorewall RPM installed and are upgrading to a new version: Be sure that you have the correct RPM package! The standard RPM package from shorewall.net and the mirrors is known to work with SUSE, Power PPC, Trustix and TurboLinux. There is also an RPM package provided by Simon Matter that is tailored for RedHat/Fedora and another package from Jack Coates that is customized for Mandriva. If you try to upgrade using the wrong package, it probably won't work. Simon Matter names his 'common' rpm 'shorewall' rather than 'shorewall-common'. If you are upgrading from a 2.x or 3.x version to a 4.x version or later, please see the upgrade issues for specific instructions. Upgrade the RPM rpm -Uvh <shorewall rpm file> Shorewall is dependent on the iproute package. Unfortunately, some distributions call this package iproute2 which will cause the upgrade of Shorewall to fail with the diagnostic: error: failed dependencies:iproute is needed by shorewall-3.2.1-1 This may be worked around by using the --nodeps option of rpm. rpm -Uvh --nodeps <shorewall rpm> ... See if there are any incompatibilities between your configuration and the new Shorewall version and correct as necessary. shorewall check Restart the firewall. shorewall restart

If you are upgrading from a 2.x or 3.x version to a 4.x version or later, please see the upgrade issues for specific instructions. If you are upgrading to version 4.5.0 or later, you must first install or upgrade the Shorewall-core package: unpack the tarballs:tar -jxf shorewall-core-4.5.0.tar.bz2 cd to the shorewall directory (the version is encoded in the directory name as in shorewall-core-4.5.0). Type: ./install.sh If you already have Shorewall installed and are upgrading to a new version using the tarball: unpack the tarball:tar -jxf shorewall-4.5.0.tar.bz2 cd to the shorewall-perl directory (the version is encoded in the directory name as in shorewall-4.5.0). Type: ./install.sh or if you are installing Shorewall or Shorewall6 version 4.4.8 or later, you may type: ./install.sh -s The -s option supresses installation of all files in /etc/shorewall except shorewall.conf. You can copy any other files you need from one of the Samples or from /usr/share/shorewall/configfiles/. See if there are any incompatibilities between your configuration and the new Shorewall version and correct as necessary. shorewall check Start the firewall by typing shorewall start If the install script was unable to configure Shorewall to be started automatically at boot, see these instructions.

When the installer asks if you want to replace /etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf with the new version, we strongly advise you to say No. See above.

You will need to edit some or all of the configuration files to match your setup. In most cases, the Shorewall QuickStart Guides contain all of the information you need.

See Fallback and Uninstall.