Proxy ARP
Proxy ARP allows you to insert a firewall in front of a set of servers without changing their IP addresses and without having to re-subnet.
The following figure represents a Proxy ARP environment.
Proxy ARP can be used to make the systems with addresses 130.252.100.18 and 130.252.100.19 appear to be on the upper (130.252.100.*) subnet. Assuming that the upper firewall interface is eth0 and the lower interface is eth1, this is accomplished using the following entries in /etc/shorewall/proxyarp:
| ADDRESS | INTERFACE | EXTERNAL | HAVEROUTE |
| 130.252.100.18 | eth1 | eth0 | no |
| 130.252.100.19 | eth1 | eth0 | no |
Be sure that the internal systems (130.242.100.18 and 130.252.100.19 in the above example) are not included in any specification in /etc/shorewall/masq or /etc/shorewall/nat.
Note that I've used an RFC1918 IP address for eth1 - that IP address is irrelevant.
The lower systems (130.252.100.18 and 130.252.100.19) should have their subnet mask and default gateway configured exactly the same way that the Firewall system's eth0 is configured.
A word of warning is in order here. ISPs typically configure there routers with a long ARP cache timeout. If you move a system from parallel to your firewall to behind your firewall with Proxy ARP, it will probably be HOURS before that system can communicate with the internet. You can call your ISP and ask them to purge the stale ARP cache entry but many either can't or won't purge individual entries. You can determine if your ISP's gateway ARP cache is stale using ping and tcpdump. Suppose that we suspect that the gateway router has a stale ARP cache entry for 130.252.100.19. On the firewall, run tcpdump as follows:
tcpdump -nei eth0 icmp
Now from 130.252.100.19, ping the ISP's gateway (which we will assume is 130.252.100.254):
ping 130.252.100.254
We can now observe the tcpdump output:
13:35:12.159321 0:4:e2:20:20:33 0:0:77:95:dd:19 ip 98: 130.252.100.19 > 130.252.100.254: icmp: echo request (DF) 13:35:12.207615 0:0:77:95:dd:19 0:c0:a8:50:b2:57 ip 98: 130.252.100.254 > 130.252.100.177 : icmp: echo reply
Notice that the source MAC address in the echo request is different from the destination MAC address in the echo reply!! In this case 0:4:e2:20:20:33 was the MAC of the firewall's eth0 NIC while 0:c0:a8:50:b2:57 was the MAC address of the system on the lower left. In other words, the gateway's ARP cache still associates 130.252.100.19 with the NIC in that system rather than with the firewall's eth0.