shorewall-rules5Configuration FilesrulesShorewall rules file/etc/shorewall/rulesDescriptionEntries in this file govern connection establishment by defining
exceptions to the policies laid out in shorewall-policy(5). By
default, subsequent requests and responses are automatically allowed using
connection tracking. For any particular (source,dest) pair of zones, the
rules are evaluated in the order in which they appear in this file and the
first terminating match is the one that determines the disposition of the
request. All rules are terminating except LOG and COUNT rules.If you masquerade or use SNAT from a local system to the internet,
you cannot use an ACCEPT rule to allow traffic from the internet to that
system. You must use a DNAT rule
instead.The rules file is divided into sections. Each section is introduced
by a "Section Header" which is a line beginning with [?]SECTION and
followed by the section name.The optional "?" was added in Shorewalll 4.6.0 and is preferred.
Existing configurations may be converted to use this form using the
shorewall update command.Sections are as follows and must appear in the order listed:ALLThis section was added in Shorewall 4.4.23. Rules in this
section are applied, regardless of the connection tracking state of
the packet.ESTABLISHEDPackets in the ESTABLISHED state are processed by rules in
this section.The only ACTIONs allowed in this section are ACCEPT, DROP,
REJECT, LOG and QUEUEThere is an implicit ACCEPT rule inserted at the end of this
section.RELATEDPackets in the RELATED state are processed by rules in this
section.The only ACTIONs allowed in this section are ACCEPT, DROP,
REJECT, LOG and QUEUEThere is an implicit rule added at the end of this section
that invokes the RELATED_DISPOSITION (shorewall.conf(5)).INVALIDAdded in Shorewall 4.5.13. Packets in the INVALID state are
processed by rules in this section.The only Actions allowed in this section are ACCEPT, DROP,
REJECT, LOG and QUEUE.There is an implicit rule added at the end of this section
that invokes the INVALID_DISPOSITION (shorewall.conf(5)).UNTRACKEDAdded in Shorewall 4.5.13. Packets in the UNTRACKED state are
processed by rules in this section.The only Actions allowed in this section are ACCEPT, DROP,
REJECT, LOG and QUEUE.There is an implicit rule added at the end of this section
that invokes the UNTRACKED_DISPOSITION (shorewall.conf(5)).NEWPackets in the NEW, INVALID and UNTRACKED states are processed
by rules in this section.If you are not familiar with Netfilter to the point where you are
comfortable with the differences between the various connection tracking
states, then it is suggested that you omit the ESTABLISHED and RELATED sections and place all of your
non-blacklisting rules in the NEW section (That's after the line that
reads SECTION NEW').If you specify FASTACCEPT=Yes in shorewall.conf(5) then the
ALL, ESTABLISHED and RELATED sections must be empty.An except is made if you are running Shorewall 4.4.27 or later and
you have specified a non-default value for RELATED_DISPOSITION or
RELATED_LOG_LEVEL. In that case, you may have rules in the RELATED
section of this file.You may omit any section that you don't need. If no Section Headers
appear in the file then all rules are assumed to be in the NEW
section.When defining rules that rewrite the destination IP address and/or
port number (namely DNAT and REDIRECT rules), it is important to keep
straight which columns in the file specify the packet before rewriting and
which specify how the packet will look after rewriting.The DEST column specifies the final destination for the packet
after rewriting and can include the final IP address and/or port
number.The remaining columns specify characteristics of the packet
before rewriting. In particular, the ORIGINAL DEST column gives the
original destination IP address of the packet and the DEST PORT(S)
column give the original destination port(s).The columns in the file are as follows (where the column name is
followed by a different name in parentheses, the different name is used in
the alternate specification syntax).ACTION - target[:{log-level|none}[!][:tag]]Specifies the action to be taken if the connection request
matches the rule. target must be one of
the following.ACCEPTAllow the connection request.ACCEPT+like ACCEPT but also excludes the connection from any
subsequent matching DNAT[-] or REDIRECT[-] rules.ACCEPT!like ACCEPT but exempts the rule from being suppressed
by OPTIMIZE=1 in shorewall.conf(5).actionThe name of an action declared in
shorewall-actions(5)
or in /usr/share/shorewall/actions.std.ADD(ipset:flags)Added in Shorewall 4.4.12. Causes addresses and/or port
numbers to be added to the named
ipset. The
flags specify the address or tuple
to be added to the set and must match the type of ipset
involved. For example, for an iphash ipset, either the SOURCE
or DESTINATION address can be added using
flagssrc or dst respectively (see the -A command in
ipset (8)).ADD is non-terminating. Even if a packet matches the
rule, it is passed on to the next rule.AUDIT[(accept|drop|reject)]Added in Shorewall 4.5.10. Audits the packet with the
specified type; if the type is omitted, then
is assumed. Require AUDIT_TARGET support
in the kernel and iptables.A_ACCEPT, A_ACCEPT+ and A_ACCEPT!Added in Shorewall 4.4.20. Audited versions of ACCEPT,
ACCEPT+ and ACCEPT! respectively. Require AUDIT_TARGET support
in the kernel and iptables.A_DROP and A_DROP!Added in Shorewall 4.4.20. Audited versions of DROP and
DROP! respectively. Require AUDIT_TARGET support in the kernel
and iptables.A_REJECT AND A_REJECT!Added in Shorewall 4.4.20. Audited versions of REJECT
and REJECT! respectively. Require AUDIT_TARGET support in the
kernel and iptables.[?]COMMENTthe rest of the line will be attached as a comment to
the Netfilter rule(s) generated by the following entries. The
comment will appear delimited by "/* ... */" in the output of
"shorewall show <chain>". To stop the comment from being
attached to further rules, simply include COMMENT on a line by
itself.Beginning with Shorewall 4.5.11, ?COMMENT is a synonym
for COMMENT and is preferred.CONTINUEFor experts only.Do not process any of the following rules for this
(source zone,destination zone). If the source and/or
destination IP address falls into a zone defined later in
shorewall-zones(5)
or in a parent zone of the source or destination zones, then
this connection request will be passed to the rules defined
for that (those) zone(s). See shorewall-nesting(5)
for additional information.CONTINUE!like CONTINUE but exempts the rule from being suppressed
by OPTIMIZE=1 in shorewall.conf(5).COUNTSimply increment the rule's packet and byte count and
pass the packet to the next rule.DEL(ipset:flags)Added in Shorewall 4.4.12. Causes an entry to be deleted
from the named ipset. The
flags specify the address or tuple
to be deleted from the set and must match the type of ipset
involved. For example, for an iphash ipset, either the SOURCE
or DESTINATION address can be deleted using
flagssrc or dst respectively (see the -D command in
ipset (8)).DEL is non-terminating. Even if a packet matches the
rule, it is passed on to the next rule.DNATForward the request to another system (and optionally
another port).DNAT-Advanced users only.Like DNAT but only
generates the DNAT iptables
rule and not the companion ACCEPT rule.DROPIgnore the request.DROP!like DROP but exempts the rule from being suppressed by
OPTIMIZE=1 in shorewall.conf(5).HELPERAdded in Shorewall 4.5.7. This action requires that the
HELPER column contains the name of the Netfilter helper to be
associated with connections matching this connection. May only
be specified in the NEW section and is useful for being able
to specify a helper when the applicable policy is ACCEPT. No
destination zone should be specified in HELPER rules.INLINE[(action)]Added in Shorewall 4.5.16. This action allows you to
construct most of the rule yourself using iptables syntax. The
part that you specify must follow a semicolon (';') and is
completely free-form. If the target of the rule (the part
following 'j') is something that Shorewall supports in the
ACTION column, then you may enclose it in parentheses (e.g.,
INLINE(ACCEPT)). Otherwise, you can include it after the
semicolon. In this case, you must declare the target as a
builtin action in shorewall-actions(5).Some considerations when using INLINE:The , ,
, ,
, , and state
match ( or ) matches will always appear in the
front of the rule in that order.When multiple matches are specified, the compiler
will keep them in the order in which they appear
(excluding the above listed ones), but they will not
necessarily be at the end of the generated rule. For
example, if addresses are specified in the SOURCE and/or
DEST columns, their generated matches will appear after
those specified using ';'.IPTABLES({iptables-target
[option ...])This action allows you to specify an iptables target
with options (e.g., 'IPTABLES(MARK --set-xmark 0x01/0xff)'. If
the iptables-target is not one
recognized by Shorewall, the following error message will be
issued: ERROR: Unknown target (iptables-target)This error message may be eliminated by adding the
iptables-target
as a builtin action in shorewall-actions(5).If you specify REJECT as the
iptables-target, the target of
the rule will be the iptables REJECT target and not
Shorewall's builtin 'reject' chain which is used when REJECT
(see below) is specified as the
target in the ACTION
column.LOG:levelSimply log the packet and continue with the next
rule.macro[(macrotarget)]The name of a macro defined in a file named
macro.macro. If the macro accepts an
action parameter (Look at the macro source to see if it has
PARAM in the TARGET column) then the
macro name is followed by the
parenthesized macrotarget (ACCEPT, DROP, REJECT, ...) to be substituted for the
parameter.Example: FTP(ACCEPT).The older syntax where the macro name and the target are
separated by a slash (e.g. FTP/ACCEPT) is still allowed but is
deprecated.NFLOG[(nflog-parameters)]Added in Shorewall 4.5.9.3. Queues matching packets to a
back end logging daemon via a netlink socket then continues to
the next rule. See http://www.shorewall.net/shorewall_logging.html.Similar to
LOG:NFLOG[(nflog-parameters)],
except that the log level is not changed when this ACTION is
used in an action or macro body and the invocation of that
action or macro specifies a log level.NFQUEUE[(queuenumber)]Queues the packet to a user-space application using the
nfnetlink_queue mechanism. If a
queuenumber is not specified, queue
zero (0) is assumed.NFQUEUE![(queuenumber)]like NFQUEUE but exempts the rule from being suppressed
by OPTIMIZE=1 in shorewall.conf(5).NONATExcludes the connection from any subsequent DNAT[-] or REDIRECT[-] rules but doesn't generate
a rule to accept the traffic.QUEUEQueue the packet to a user-space application such as
ftwall (http://p2pwall.sf.net). The application may reinsert
the packet for further processing.QUEUE!like QUEUE but exempts the rule from being suppressed by
OPTIMIZE=1 in shorewall.conf(5).REJECTdisallow the request and return an icmp-unreachable or
an RST packet.REJECT!like REJECT but exempts the rule from being suppressed
by OPTIMIZE=1 in shorewall.conf(5).REDIRECTRedirect the request to a server running on the
firewall.REDIRECT-Advanced users only.Like REDIRECT but only
generates the REDIRECT
iptables rule and not the companion ACCEPT rule.TARPIT [(tarpit |
honeypot | reset)]Added in Shorewall 4.6.6. TARPIT captures and holds incoming TCP connections
using no local per-connection resources.TARPIT only works with the PROTO column set to tcp (6),
and is totally application agnostic. This module will answer a
TCP request and play along like a listening server, but aside
from sending an ACK or RST, no data is sent. Incoming packets
are ignored and dropped. The attacker will terminate the
session eventually. This module allows the initial packets of
an attack to be captured by other software for inspection. In
most cases this is sufficient to determine the nature of the
attack.This offers similar functionality to LaBrea
<http://www.hackbusters.net/LaBrea/> but does not
require dedicated hardware or IPs. Any TCP port that you would
normally DROP or REJECT can instead become a tarpit.The target accepts a single optional parameter:tarpitThis mode is the default and completes a
connection with the attacker but limits the window size
to 0, thus keeping the attacker waiting long periods of
time. While he is maintaining state of the connection
and trying to continue every 60-240 seconds, we keep
none, so it is very lightweight. Attempts to close the
connection are ignored, forcing the remote side to time
out the connection in 12-24 minutes.honeypotThis mode completes a connection with the
attacker, but signals a normal window size, so that the
remote side will attempt to send data, often with some
very nasty exploit attempts. We can capture these
packets for decoding and further analysis. The module
does not send any data, so if the remote expects an
application level response, the game is up.resetThis mode is handy because we can send an inline
RST (reset). It has no other function. ULOG[(ulog-parameters)]Added in Shorewall 4.5.10. Queues matching packets to a
back end logging daemon via a netlink socket then continues to
the next rule. See http://www.shorewall.net/shorewall_logging.html.Similar to
LOG:ULOG[(ulog-parameters)],
except that the log level is not changed when this ACTION is
used in an action or macro body and the invocation of that
action or macro specifies a log level.The target may optionally be
followed by ":" and a syslog log level (e.g, REJECT:info or
Web(ACCEPT):debug). This causes the packet to be logged at the
specified level. Note that if the ACTION involves destination network address
translation (DNAT, REDIRECT, etc.) then the packet is logged
before the destination address is
rewritten.If the ACTION names an
action declared in shorewall-actions(5)
or in /usr/share/shorewall/actions.std then:If the log level is followed by "!' then all rules in the
action are logged at the log level.If the log level is not followed by "!" then only those
rules in the action that do not specify logging are logged at
the specified level.The special log level none! suppresses logging by the
action.You may also specify ULOG or
NFLOG (must be in upper case) as a
log level.This will log to the ULOG or NFLOG target for routing to a
separate log through use of ulogd (http://www.netfilter.org/projects/ulogd/index.html).Actions specifying logging may be followed by a log tag (a
string of alphanumeric characters) which is appended to the string
generated by the LOGPREFIX (in shorewall.conf(5)).Example: ACCEPT:info:ftp would include 'ftp ' at the end of
the log prefix generated by the LOGPREFIX setting.SOURCE -
{zone|zone-list[+]|{all|any}[+][-]}[:interface][:{address-or-range[,address-or-range]...[exclusion]|exclusion|+ipset|^countrycode-list}Source hosts to which the rule applies. May be a
zone declared in /etc/shorewall/zones,
$FW to indicate the firewall
itself, all, all+, all-,
all+- or none.Beginning with Shorewall 4.4.13, you may use a
zone-list which consists of a
comma-separated list of zones declared in shorewall-zones (5).
This zone-list may be optionally followed
by "+" to indicate that the rule is to apply to intra-zone traffic
as well as inter-zone traffic.When none is used either in
the SOURCE or DEST column, the rule is ignored.all means "All Zones",
including the firewall itself. all-
means "All Zones, except the firewall itself". When all[-] is
used either in the SOURCE or
DEST column intra-zone traffic is
not affected. When all+[-] is "used, intra-zone traffic is affected.
Beginning with Shorewall 4.4.13, exclusion is supported -- see see
shorewall-exclusion(5).Except when all[+][-] or
any[+][-] is
specified, clients may be further restricted to a list of networks
and/or hosts by appending ":" and a comma-separated list of network
and/or host addresses. Hosts may be specified by IP or MAC address;
mac addresses must begin with "~" and must use "-" as a
separator.The above restriction on all[+][-] and
any[+][-] is
removed in Shorewall-4.4.13.any is equivalent to
all when there are no nested zones.
When there are nested zones, any
only refers to top-level zones (those with no parent zones). Note
that any excludes all vserver
zones, since those zones are nested within the firewall zone.Hosts may also be specified as an IP address range using the
syntax
lowaddress-highaddress.
This requires that your kernel and iptables contain iprange match
support. If your kernel and iptables have ipset match support then
you may give the name of an ipset prefaced by "+". The ipset name
may be optionally followed by a number from 1 to 6 enclosed in
square brackets ([]) to indicate the number of levels of source
bindings to be matched.Beginning with Shorewall 4.4.17, the primary IP address of a
firewall interface can be specified by an ampersand ('&')
followed by the logical name of the interface as found in the
INTERFACE column of shorewall-interfaces
(5).Beginning with Shorewall 4.5.4, A
countrycode-list may be specified. A
countrycode-list is a comma-separated list of up to 15 two-character
ISO-3661 country codes enclosed in square brackets ('[...]') and
preceded by a caret ('^'). When a single country code is given, the
square brackets may be omitted. A list of country codes supported by
Shorewall may be found at http://www.shorewall.net/ISO-3661.html.
Specifying a countrycode-list requires
GeoIP Match support in your iptables and
Kernel.You may exclude certain hosts from the set already defined
through use of an exclusion (see shorewall-exclusion(5)).Examples:dmz:192.168.2.2Host 192.168.2.2 in the DMZnet:155.186.235.0/24Subnet 155.186.235.0/24 on the Internetloc:192.168.1.1,192.168.1.2Hosts 192.168.1.1 and 192.168.1.2 in the local
zone.loc:~00-A0-C9-15-39-78Host in the local zone with MAC address
00:A0:C9:15:39:78.net:192.0.2.11-192.0.2.17Hosts 192.0.2.11-192.0.2.17 in the net zone.net:!192.0.2.11-192.0.2.17All hosts in the net zone except for
192.0.2.11-192.0.2.17.net:155.186.235.0/24!155.186.235.16/28Subnet 155.186.235.0/24 on the Internet except for
155.186.235.16/28$FW:ð0The primary IP address of eth0 in the firewall zone
(Shorewall 4.4.17 and later).DEST -
{zone|zone-list[+]|{all|any}[+][-]}[:{interface|address-or-range[,address-or-range]...[exclusion]|exclusion|+ipset|^countrycode-list}][port[:random]]Location of Server. May be a zone declared in shorewall-zones(5),
$FW to indicate the firewall
itself, all. all+ or none.Beginning with Shorewall 4.4.13, you may use a
zone-list which consists of a
comma-separated list of zones declared in shorewall-zones (5).
This zone-list may be optionally followed
by "+" to indicate that the rule is to apply to intra-zone traffic
as well as inter-zone traffic.Beginning with Shorewall 4.5.4, A
countrycode-list may be specified. A
countrycode-list is a comma-separated list of up to 15 two-character
ISO-3661 country codes enclosed in square brackets ('[...]') and
preceded by a caret ('^'). When a single country code is given, the
square brackets may be omitted. A list of country codes supported by
Shorewall may be found at http://www.shorewall.net/ISO-3661.html.
Specifying a countrycode-list requires
GeoIP Match support in your iptables and
Kernel.When none is used either in
the SOURCE or DEST column, the rule is ignored.When all is used either in
the SOURCE or DEST column intra-zone traffic is not
affected. When all+ is used,
intra-zone traffic is affected. Beginning with Shorewall 4.4.13,
exclusion is supported -- see see shorewall-exclusion(5).any is equivalent to
all when there are no nested zones.
When there are nested zones, any
only refers to top-level zones (those with no parent zones).The zone should be omitted in
DNAT-, REDIRECT- and NONAT rules.If the DEST zone is a bport zone,
then either:the SOURCE must be , orthe SOURCE zone must be
another bport zone associated with the same bridge, orthe SOURCE zone must be an
ipv4 zone that is associated with only the same bridge.Except when all[+]|[-] is specified, the server may be
further restricted to a particular network, host or interface by
appending ":" and the network, host or interface. See SOURCE above.You may exclude certain hosts from the set already defined
through use of an exclusion (see shorewall-exclusion(5)).Restriction: MAC addresses are not allowed (this is a
Netfilter restriction).Like in the SOURCE column,
you may specify a range of IP addresses using the syntax
lowaddress-highaddress.
When the ACTION is DNAT or DNAT-, the connections will be assigned to
addresses in the range in a round-robin fashion.If your kernel and iptables have ipset match support then you
may give the name of an ipset prefaced by "+". The ipset name may be
optionally followed by a number from 1 to 6 enclosed in square
brackets ([]) to indicate the number of levels of destination
bindings to be matched. Only one of the SOURCE and DEST columns may specify an ipset
name.Beginning with Shorewall 4.4.17, the primary IP address of a
firewall interface can be specified by an ampersand ('&')
followed by the logical name of the interface as found in the
INTERFACE column of shorewall-interfaces
(5).The port that the server is
listening on may be included and separated from the server's IP
address by ":". If omitted, the firewall will not modify the
destination port. A destination port may only be included if the
ACTION is DNAT or REDIRECT.Example:loc:192.168.1.3:3128
specifies a local server at IP address 192.168.1.3 and
listening on port 3128.The port may be specified as a service
name. You may specify a port range in the form
lowport-highport to cause connections to be
assigned to ports in the range in round-robin fashion. When a port
range is specified, lowport and
highport must be given as integers; service
names are not permitted. Additionally, the port range may be
optionally followed by :random
which causes assignment to ports in the list to be random.If the ACTION is REDIRECT or REDIRECT-, this column needs only to contain
the port number on the firewall that the request should be
redirected to. That is equivalent to specifying
::port.PROTO- {-|tcp:syn|ipp2p|ipp2p:udp|ipp2p:all|protocol-number|protocol-name|all}Optional Protocol - ipp2p*
requires ipp2p match support in your kernel and iptables. tcp:syn implies tcp plus the SYN flag must be set and the
RST,ACK and FIN flags must be reset.Beginning with Shorewall 4.4.19, this column can contain a
comma-separated list of protocol-numbers and/or protocol
names.DEST PORT(S) (dport) -
{-|port-name-number-or-range[,port-name-number-or-range]...|+ipset}Optional destination Ports. A comma-separated list of Port
names (from services(5)), port numbers or port ranges; if the
protocol is icmp, this column is
interpreted as the destination icmp-type(s). ICMP types may be
specified as a numeric type, a numeric type and code separated by a
slash (e.g., 3/4), or a typename. See http://www.shorewall.net/configuration_file_basics.htm#ICMP.
Note that prior to Shorewall 4.4.19, only a single ICMP type may be
listed.If the protocol is ipp2p,
this column is interpreted as an ipp2p option without the leading
"--" (example bit for bit-torrent).
If no port is given, ipp2p is
assumed.A port range is expressed as
lowport:highport.This column is ignored if PROTO = all
but must be entered if any of the following columns are supplied. In
that case, it is suggested that this field contain a dash (-).If your kernel contains multi-port match support, then only a
single Netfilter rule will be generated if in this list and the
CLIENT PORT(S) list below:1. There are 15 or less ports listed.2. No port ranges are included or your kernel and iptables
contain extended multi-port match support.Beginning with Shorewall 4.6.0, an
ipset name can be specified in this
column. This is intended to be used with
bitmap:port ipsets.SOURCE PORT(S) (sport) -
{-|port-name-number-or-range[,port-name-number-or-range]...|+ipset}Optional port(s) used by the client. If omitted, any source
port is acceptable. Specified as a comma- separated list of port
names, port numbers or port ranges.Beginning with Shorewall 4.5.15, you may place '=' in this
column, provided that the DEST PORT(S) column is non-empty. This
causes the rule to match when either the source port or the
destination port in a packet matches one of the ports specified in
DEST PORTS(S). Use of '=' requires multi-port match in your iptables
and kernel.Unless you really understand IP, you should leave this
column empty or place a dash (-)
in the column. Most people who try to use this column get it
wrong.If you don't want to restrict client ports but need to specify
an ORIGINAL DEST in the next
column, then place "-" in this column.If your kernel contains multi-port match support, then only a
single Netfilter rule will be generated if in this list and the
DEST PORT(S) list above:1. There are 15 or less ports listed.2. No port ranges are included or your kernel and iptables
contain extended multi-port match support.Beginning with Shorewall 4.6.0, an
ipset name can be specified in this
column. This is intended to be used with
bitmap:port ipsets.ORIGINAL DEST (origdest) -
[-|address[,address]...[exclusion]|exclusion]Optional. If ACTION is DNAT[-] or
REDIRECT[-] then if this column is included and is
different from the IP address given in the DEST column, then connections destined for
that address will be forwarded to the IP and port specified in the
DEST column.A comma-separated list of addresses may also be used. This is
most useful with the REDIRECT
target where you want to redirect traffic destined for particular
set of hosts. Finally, if the list of addresses begins with "!"
(exclusion) then the rule will be followed only
if the original destination address in the connection request does
not match any of the addresses listed.Beginning with Shorewall 4.4.17, the primary IP address of a
firewall interface can be specified by an ampersand ('&')
followed by the logical name of the interface as found in the
INTERFACE column of shorewall-interfaces
(5).For other actions, this column may be included and may contain
one or more addresses (host or network) separated by commas. Address
ranges are not allowed. When this column is supplied, rules are
generated that require that the original destination address matches
one of the listed addresses. This feature is most useful when you
want to generate a filter rule that corresponds to a DNAT- or REDIRECT- rule. In this usage, the list of
addresses should not begin with "!".It is also possible to specify a set of addresses then exclude
part of those addresses. For example, 192.168.1.0/24!192.168.1.16/28 specifies the
addresses 192.168.1.0-182.168.1.15 and 192.168.1.32-192.168.1.255.
See shorewall-exclusion(5).See http://www.shorewall.net/PortKnocking.html
for an example of using an entry in this column with a user-defined
action rule.RATE LIMIT (rate) -
limitwhere limit is one of:[-|[{s|d}:[[name]:]]]rate/{sec|min|hour|day}[:burst][name1]:rate1/{sec|min|hour|day}[:burst1],[name2]:rate2/{sec|min|hour|day}[:burst2]You may optionally rate-limit the rule by placing a value in
this column:rate* is the number of connections per
interval (sec or min) and burst* is the
largest burst permitted. If no burst is given,
a value of 5 is assumed. There may be no no white-space embedded in
the specification.Example: 10/sec:20When or is specified,
the rate applies per source IP address or per destination IP address
respectively. The names may be chosen by
the user and specifiy a hash table to be used to count matching
connections. If not given, the name shorewallN (where N is a unique integer) is
assumed. Where more than one rule or POLICY specifies the same name,
the connections counts for the rules are aggregated and the
individual rates apply to the aggregated count.Beginning with Shorewall 4.6.5, two
limits may be specified, separated by a comma. In this
case, the first limit (name1,
rate1, burst1) specifies the per-source
IP limit and the second limit specifies the per-destination IP
limit.Example: client:10/sec:20,:60/sec:100In this example, the 'client' hash table will be used to
enforce the per-source limit and the compiler will pick a unique
name for the hash table that tracks the per-destination
limit.USER/GROUP (user) - [!][user-name-or-number][:group-name-or-number][,...]This optional column may only be non-empty if the SOURCE is
the firewall itself.When this column is non-empty, the rule applies only if the
program generating the output is running under the effective
user and/or group
specified (or is NOT running under that id if "!" is given).Beginning with Shorewall 4.5.8, multiple user or group
names/ids separated by commas may be specified.Examples:joeprogram must be run by joe:kidsprogram must be run by a member of the 'kids'
group!:kidsprogram must not be run by a member of the 'kids'
group2001-2099UIDs 2001 through 2099 (Shorewall 4.5.6 and
later)MARK - [!]value[/mask][:C]Defines a test on the existing packet or connection mark. The
rule will match only if the test returns true.If you don't want to define a test but need to specify
anything in the following columns, place a "-" in this field.!Inverts the test (not equal)valueValue of the packet or connection mark.maskA mask to be applied to the mark before testing.:CDesignates a connection mark. If omitted, the packet
mark's value is tested.CONNLIMIT - [!]limit[:mask]May be used to limit the number of simultaneous connections
from each individual host to limit
connections. Requires connlimit match in your kernel and iptables.
While the limit is only checked on rules specifying CONNLIMIT, the
number of current connections is calculated over all current
connections from the SOURCE host. By default, the limit is applied
to each host but can be made to apply to networks of hosts by
specifying a mask. The
mask specifies the width of a VLSM mask
to be applied to the source address; the number of current
connections is then taken over all hosts in the subnet
source-address/mask.
When is specified, the rule matches when the
number of connection exceeds the
limit.TIME -
timeelement[&timeelement...]May be used to limit the rule to a particular time period each
day, to particular days of the week or month, or to a range defined
by dates and times. Requires time match support in your kernel and
iptables.timeelement may be:timestart=hh:mm[:ss]Defines the starting time of day.timestop=hh:mm[:ss]Defines the ending time of day.utcTimes are expressed in Greenwich Mean Time.localtzDeprecated by the Netfilter team in favor of kerneltz. Times are expressed in Local
Civil Time (default).kerneltzAdded in Shorewall 4.5.2. Times are expressed in Local
Kernel Time (requires iptables 1.4.12 or later).weekdays=ddd[,ddd]...where ddd is one of
, ,
, ,
, or
monthdays=dd[,dd],...where dd is an ordinal day of
the monthdatestart=yyyy[-mm[-dd[hh[:mm[:ss]]]]]Defines the starting date and time.datestop=yyyy[-mm[-dd[hh[:mm[:ss]]]]]Defines the ending date and time.HEADERSAdded in Shorewall 4.4.15. Not used in IPv4 configurations. If
you with to supply a value for one of the later columns, enter '-'
in this column.SWITCH -
[!]switch-name[={0|1}]Added in Shorewall 4.4.24 and allows enabling and disabling
the rule without requiring shorewall
restart.The rule is enabled if the value stored in
/proc/net/nf_condition/switch-name
is 1. The rule is disabled if that file contains 0 (the default). If
'!' is supplied, the test is inverted such that the rule is enabled
if the file contains 0.Within the switch-name, '@0' and
'@{0}' are replaced by the name of the chain to which the rule is a
added. The switch-name (after '@...'
expansion) must begin with a letter and be composed of letters,
decimal digits, underscores or hyphens. Switch names must be 30
characters or less in length.Switches are normally off. To
turn a switch on:echo 1 >
/proc/net/nf_condition/switch-nameTo turn it off again:echo 0 >
/proc/net/nf_condition/switch-nameSwitch settings are retained over shorewall
restart.Beginning with Shorewall 4.5.10, when the
switch-name is followed by
or , then the switch is
initialized to off or on respectively by the
start command. Other commands do not affect the
switch setting.HELPER - [helper]Added in Shorewall 4.5.7.In the NEW section, causes the named conntrack
helper to be associated with this
connection; the contents of this column are ignored unless ACTION is
ACCEPT*, DNAT* or REDIRECT*.In the RELATED section, will only match if the related
connection has the named helper
associated with it.The helper may be one of:If the HELPERS option is specified in shorewall.conf(5), then
any module specified in this column must be listed in the HELPERS
setting.ExamplesExample 1:Accept SMTP requests from the DMZ to the internet #ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DEST SOURCE ORIGINAL
# PORT PORT(S) DEST
ACCEPT dmz net tcp smtpExample 2:Forward all ssh and http connection requests from the internet
to local system 192.168.1.3 #ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DEST SOURCE ORIGINAL
# PORT PORT(S) DEST
DNAT net loc:192.168.1.3 tcp ssh,httpExample 3:Forward all http connection requests from the internet to
local system 192.168.1.3 with a limit of 3 per second and a maximum
burst of 10 #ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DEST SOURCE ORIGINAL RATE
# PORT PORT(S) DEST LIMIT
DNAT net loc:192.168.1.3 tcp http - - 3/sec:10Example 4:Redirect all locally-originating www connection requests to
port 3128 on the firewall (Squid running on the firewall system)
except when the destination address is 192.168.2.2 #ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DEST SOURCE ORIGINAL
# PORT PORT(S) DEST
REDIRECT loc 3128 tcp www - !192.168.2.2Example 5:All http requests from the internet to address 130.252.100.69
are to be forwarded to 192.168.1.3 #ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DEST SOURCE ORIGINAL
# PORT PORT(S) DEST
DNAT net loc:192.168.1.3 tcp 80 - 130.252.100.69Example 6:You want to accept SSH connections to your firewall only from
internet IP addresses 130.252.100.69 and 130.252.100.70 #ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DEST SOURCE ORIGINAL
# PORT PORT(S) DEST
ACCEPT net:130.252.100.69,130.252.100.70 $FW \
tcp 22Example 7:You wish to accept connections from the internet to your
firewall on port 2222 and you want to forward them to local system
192.168.1.3, port 22 #ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DEST SOURCE ORIGINAL
# PORT PORT(S) DEST
DNAT net loc:192.168.1.3:22 tcp 2222Example 8:You want to redirect connection requests to port 80 randomly
to the port range 81-90. #ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DEST SOURCE ORIGINAL
# PORT PORT(S) DEST
REDIRECT net $FW::81-90:random tcp wwwExample 9:Shorewall does not impose as much structure on the Netfilter
rules in the 'nat' table as it does on those in the filter table. As
a consequence, when using Shorewall versions before 4.1.4, care must
be exercised when using DNAT and REDIRECT rules with zones defined
with wildcard interfaces (those ending with '+'. Here is an
example:shorewall-zones(5): #ZONE TYPE OPTIONS
fw firewall
net ipv4
dmz ipv4
loc ipv4shorewall-interfaces(5): #ZONE INTERFACE BROADCAST OPTIONS
net ppp0
loc eth1 detect
dmz eth2 detect
- ppp+ # Addresses are assigned from 192.168.3.0/24shorewall-host(5): #ZONE HOST(S) OPTIONS
loc ppp+:192.168.3.0/24rules: #ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DEST
# PORT(S)
REDIRECT loc 3128 tcp 80 Note that it would have been tempting to simply define the
loc zone entirely in shorewall-interfaces(8): #******************* INCORRECT *****************
#ZONE INTERFACE BROADCAST OPTIONS
net ppp0
loc eth1 detect
loc ppp+
dmz eth2This would have made it impossible to run a
internet-accessible web server in the DMZ because all traffic
entering ppp+ interfaces would have been redirected to port 3128 on
the firewall and there would have been no net->fw ACCEPT rule for
that traffic.Example 10:Add the tuple (source IP, dest port, dest IP) of an incoming
SSH connection to the ipset S: #ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DEST
# PORT(S)
ADD(+S:dst,src,dst) net fw tcp 22Example 11:You wish to limit SSH connections from remote systems to 1/min
with a burst of three (to allow for limited retry): #ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DEST SOURCE ORIGINAL RATE
# PORT(S) PORT(S) DEST LIMIT
SSH(ACCEPT) net all - - - - s:1/min:3Example 12:Forward port 80 to dmz host $BACKUP if switch 'primary_down'
is on. #ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DEST SOURCE ORIGINAL RATE USER/ MARK CONNLIMIT TIME HEADERS SWITCH
# PORT(S) PORT(S) DEST LIMIT GROUP
DNAT net dmz:$BACKUP tcp 80 - - - - - - - - primary_downExample 13:Drop all email from the Anonymous Proxy
and Satellite Provider address ranges: #ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DEST
# PORT(S)
DROP net:^A1,A2 fw tcp 25Example 14:You want to generate your own rule involving iptables targets
and matches not supported by Shorewall. #ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DEST
# PORT(S)
INLINE $FW net ; -p 6 -m mickey-mouse --name test -m set --match-set set1 src -m mickey-mouse --name test2 -j SECCTX --name test3The above will generate the following iptables-restore
input: -A fw2net -p 6 -m mickey-mouse --name test -m set --match-set set1 src -m mickey-mouse --name test2 -j SECCTX --name test3Note that SECCTX must be defined as a builtin action in shorewall-actions(5): #ACTION OPTIONS
SECCTX builtinFILES/etc/shorewall/rulesSee ALSOhttp://www.shorewall.net/ipsets.htmlhttp://www.shorewall.net/configuration_file_basics.htm#Pairshttp://www.shorewall.net/shorewall_logging.htmlshorewall(8), shorewall-accounting(5), shorewall-actions(5),
shorewall-blacklist(5), shorewall-blrules(5), shorewall-hosts(5),
shorewall_interfaces(5), shorewall-ipsets(5), shorewall-maclist(5),
shorewall-masq(5), shorewall-nat(5), shorewall-netmap(5),
shorewall-params(5), shorewall-policy(5), shorewall-providers(5),
shorewall-proxyarp(5), shorewall-rtrules(5), shorewall-routestopped(5),
shorewall.conf(5), shorewall-secmarks(5), shorewall-tcclasses(5),
shorewall-tcdevices(5), shorewall-mangle(5), shorewall-tos(5),
shorewall-tunnels(5), shorewall-zones(5)