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c93817f30b
The invariant sections clause doesn't quite match the official text. It should read: with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts not: with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover, and with no Back-Cover Texts Signed-off-by: Jeremy Sowden <jeremy@azazel.net>
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805 lines
24 KiB
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd">
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<article id="OPENVPN">
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<!--Id$-->
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<articleinfo>
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<title>OpenVPN Tunnels and Bridges</title>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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<firstname>Simon</firstname>
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<surname>Matter</surname>
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</author>
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<author>
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<firstname>Tom</firstname>
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<surname>Eastep</surname>
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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<pubdate><?dbtimestamp format="Y/m/d"?></pubdate>
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<copyright>
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<year>2003</year>
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<year>2004</year>
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<year>2005</year>
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<year>2006</year>
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<holder>Simon Mater</holder>
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<holder>Thomas M. Eastep</holder>
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</copyright>
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<legalnotice>
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<para>Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
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document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version
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1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with
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no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
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Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
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<quote><ulink url="GnuCopyright.htm">GNU Free Documentation
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License</ulink></quote>.</para>
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</legalnotice>
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</articleinfo>
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<caution>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">This article applies to Shorewall 3.0 and
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later and to OpenVPN 2.0 and later. If you are running a version of
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Shorewall earlier than Shorewall 3.0.0 then please see the documentation
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for that release.</emphasis></para>
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</caution>
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<para>OpenVPN is a robust and highly configurable VPN (Virtual Private
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Network) daemon which can be used to securely link two or more private
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networks using an encrypted tunnel over the Internet. OpenVPN is an Open
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Source project and is <ulink
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url="http://openvpn.sourceforge.net/license.html">licensed under the
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GPL</ulink>. OpenVPN can be downloaded from <ulink
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url="http://openvpn.net/">http://openvpn.net/</ulink>.</para>
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<para>Unless there are interoperability issues (the remote systems do not
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support OpenVPN), OpenVPN is my choice any time that I need a VPN.</para>
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<orderedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>It is widely supported -- I run it on both Linux and
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Windows.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>It requires no kernel patching.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>It is very easy to configure.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>It just works!</para>
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</listitem>
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</orderedlist>
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<section id="Prelim">
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<title>Preliminary Reading</title>
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<para>I recommend reading the <ulink url="VPNBasics.html">VPN
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Basics</ulink> article if you plan to implement any type of VPN.</para>
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</section>
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<section id="Routed">
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<title>Bridging two Masqueraded Networks</title>
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<para>Suppose that we have the following situation:</para>
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<graphic fileref="images/TwoNets1.png"/>
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<para>We want systems in the 192.168.1.0/24 subnetwork to be able to
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communicate with the systems in the 10.0.0.0/8 network. This is
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accomplished through use of the
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<filename>/etc/shorewall/tunnels</filename> file and the
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<filename>/etc/shorewall/policy file</filename> and OpenVPN.</para>
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<para>While it was possible to use the Shorewall start and stop script to
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start and stop OpenVPN, I decided to use the init script of OpenVPN to
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start and stop it.</para>
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<para>On each firewall, you will need to declare a zone to represent the
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remote subnet. We'll assume that this zone is called <quote>vpn</quote>
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and declare it in <filename>/etc/shorewall/zones</filename> on both
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systems as follows.</para>
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<blockquote>
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<para><filename>/etc/shorewall/zones</filename> — Systems A &
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B</para>
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<programlisting>#ZONE TYPE OPTIONS IN_OPTIONS OUT_OPTIONS
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vpn ipv4</programlisting>
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</blockquote>
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<para>On system A, the 10.0.0.0/8 will comprise the <emphasis
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role="bold">vpn</emphasis> zone.</para>
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<blockquote>
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<para>In <filename>/etc/shorewall/interfaces</filename> on system
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A:</para>
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<programlisting>#ZONE INTERFACE OPTIONS
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vpn tun0</programlisting>
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</blockquote>
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<para>In <filename>/etc/shorewall/tunnels</filename> on system A, we need
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the following:</para>
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<blockquote>
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<programlisting>#TYPE ZONE GATEWAY GATEWAY_ZONE
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openvpn net 134.28.54.2</programlisting>
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</blockquote>
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<para>This entry in <filename>/etc/shorewall/tunnels</filename> opens the
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firewall so that OpenVPN traffic on the default port 1194/udp will be
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accepted to/from the remote gateway. If you change the port used by
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OpenVPN to 7777, you can define /etc/shorewall/tunnels like this:</para>
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<blockquote>
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<para>/etc/shorewall/tunnels with port 7777:</para>
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<programlisting>#TYPE ZONE GATEWAY GATEWAY_ZONE
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openvpn:7777 net 134.28.54.2</programlisting>
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</blockquote>
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<para>Similarly, if you want to use TCP for your tunnel rather than UDP
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(the default), then you can define /etc/shorewall/tunnels like
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this:</para>
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<blockquote>
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<para>/etc/shorewall/tunnels using TCP:</para>
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<programlisting>#TYPE ZONE GATEWAY GATEWAY_ZONE
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openvpn:tcp net 134.28.54.2</programlisting>
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</blockquote>
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<para>Finally, if you want to use TCP and port 7777:</para>
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<blockquote>
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<para>/etc/shorewall/tunnels using TCP port 7777:</para>
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<programlisting>#TYPE ZONE GATEWAY GATEWAY_ZONE
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openvpn:tcp:7777 net 134.28.54.2</programlisting>
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</blockquote>
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<para>This is the OpenVPN config on system A:</para>
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<blockquote>
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<programlisting>dev tun
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local 206.162.148.9
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remote 134.28.54.2
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ifconfig 192.168.99.1 192.168.99.2
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route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 192.168.99.2
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tls-server
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dh dh1024.pem
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ca ca.crt
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cert my-a.crt
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key my-a.key
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comp-lzo
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verb 5</programlisting>
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</blockquote>
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<para>Similarly, On system B the 192.168.1.0/24 subnet will comprise the
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<emphasis role="bold">vpn</emphasis> zone</para>
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<blockquote>
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<para>In <filename>/etc/shorewall/interfaces</filename> on system
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B:</para>
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<programlisting>#ZONE INTERFACE BROADCAST OPTIONS
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vpn tun0 </programlisting>
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</blockquote>
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<para>In <filename>/etc/shorewall/tunnels</filename> on system B, we
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have:</para>
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<blockquote>
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<programlisting>#TYPE ZONE GATEWAY GATEWAY_ZONE
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openvpn net 206.191.148.9</programlisting>
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</blockquote>
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<para>And in the OpenVPN config on system B:</para>
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<blockquote>
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<programlisting>dev tun
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local 134.28.54.2
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remote 206.162.148.9
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ifconfig 192.168.99.2 192.168.99.1
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route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.99.1
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tls-client
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ca ca.crt
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cert my-b.crt
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key my-b.key
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comp-lzo
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verb 5</programlisting>
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</blockquote>
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<para>You will need to allow traffic between the <quote>vpn</quote> zone
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and the <quote>loc</quote> zone on both systems -- if you simply want to
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admit all traffic in both directions, you can use the policy file:</para>
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<blockquote>
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<para><filename>/etc/shorewall/policy </filename>on systems A &
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B</para>
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<programlisting>#SOURCE DEST POLICY LOG LEVEL
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loc vpn ACCEPT
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vpn loc ACCEPT</programlisting>
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</blockquote>
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<para>On both systems, restart Shorewall and start OpenVPN. The systems in
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the two masqueraded subnetworks can now talk to each other.</para>
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</section>
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<section id="RoadWarrior">
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<title>Roadwarrior</title>
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<para>OpenVPN 2.0 provides excellent support for roadwarriors. Consider
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the setup in the following diagram:</para>
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<graphic fileref="images/Mobile.png"/>
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<para>On the gateway system (System A), we need a zone to represent the
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remote clients — we'll call that zone <quote>road</quote>.</para>
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<blockquote>
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<para><filename>/etc/shorewall/zones</filename> — System A:</para>
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<programlisting>#ZONE TYPE OPTIONS IN_OPTIONS OUT_OPTIONS
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road ipv4</programlisting>
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</blockquote>
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<para>On system A, the remote clients will comprise the <emphasis
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role="bold">road</emphasis> zone.</para>
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<blockquote>
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<para>In <filename>/etc/shorewall/interfaces</filename> on system
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A:</para>
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<programlisting>#ZONE INTERFACE OPTIONS
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road tun+</programlisting>
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</blockquote>
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<para>In <filename>/etc/shorewall/tunnels</filename> on system A, we need
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the following:</para>
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<blockquote>
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<programlisting>#TYPE ZONE GATEWAY GATEWAY_ZONE
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openvpn:1194 net 0.0.0.0/0</programlisting>
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</blockquote>
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<para>If you are running Shorewall 2.4.3 or later, you might prefer the
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following in <filename>/etc/shorewall/tunnels</filename> on system A.
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Specifying the tunnel type as openvpnserver has the advantage that the VPN
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connection will still work if the client is behind a gateway/firewall that
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uses NAT.</para>
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<blockquote>
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<programlisting>#TYPE ZONE GATEWAY GATEWAY_ZONE
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openvpnserver:1194 net 0.0.0.0/0</programlisting>
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</blockquote>
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<para>We want the remote systems to have access to the local LAN — we do
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that with an entry in <filename>/etc/shorewall/policy</filename> (assume
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that the local LAN comprises the zone <quote>loc</quote>).</para>
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<blockquote>
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<programlisting>#SOURCE DESTINATION POLICY
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road loc ACCEPT</programlisting>
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</blockquote>
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<para>The OpenVPN configuration file on system A is something like the
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following:</para>
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<blockquote>
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<programlisting>dev tun
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server 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0
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dh dh1024.pem
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ca /etc/certs/cacert.pem
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crl-verify /etc/certs/crl.pem
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cert /etc/certs/SystemA.pem
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key /etc/certs/SystemA_key.pem
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port 1194
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comp-lzo
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user nobody
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group nogroup
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ping 15
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ping-restart 45
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ping-timer-rem
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persist-tun
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persist-key
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push "route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0"
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verb 3</programlisting>
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</blockquote>
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<para>Configuration on the remote clients follows a similar line. We
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define a zone to represent the remote LAN:</para>
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<blockquote>
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<para><filename>/etc/shorewall/zones</filename> — System B:</para>
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<programlisting>#ZONE TYPE OPTIONS IN OUT
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# OPTIONS OPTIONS
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home ipv4</programlisting>
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</blockquote>
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<para>On system A, the hosts accessible through the tunnel will comprise
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the <emphasis role="bold">home</emphasis> zone.</para>
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<blockquote>
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<para>In <filename>/etc/shorewall/interfaces</filename> on system
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B:</para>
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<programlisting>#ZONE INTERFACE BROADCAST OPTIONS
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home tun0</programlisting>
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</blockquote>
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<para>In <filename>/etc/shorewall/tunnels</filename> on system B, we need
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the following:</para>
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<blockquote>
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<programlisting>#TYPE ZONE GATEWAY GATEWAY_ZONE
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openvpn:1194 net 206.162.148.9</programlisting>
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</blockquote>
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<para>Again, if you are running Shorewall 2.4.3 or later, in
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<filename>/etc/shorewall/tunnels</filename> on system B you might
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prefer:</para>
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<blockquote>
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<programlisting>#TYPE ZONE GATEWAY GATEWAY_ZONE
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openvpnclient:1194 net 206.162.148.9</programlisting>
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</blockquote>
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<para>We want the remote client to have access to the local LAN — we do
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that with an entry in <filename>/etc/shorewall/policy</filename>.</para>
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<blockquote>
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<programlisting>#SOURCE DESTINATION POLICY
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$FW home ACCEPT</programlisting>
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</blockquote>
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<para>The OpenVPN configuration on the remote clients is along the
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following line:</para>
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<blockquote>
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<programlisting>dev tun
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remote 206.162.148.9
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up /etc/openvpn/home.up
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tls-client
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pull
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ca /etc/certs/cacert.pem
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cert /etc/certs/SystemB.pem
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key /etc/certs/SystemB_key.pem
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port 1194
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user nobody
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group nogroup
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comp-lzo
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ping 15
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ping-restart 45
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ping-timer-rem
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persist-tun
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persist-key
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verb 3</programlisting>
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</blockquote>
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<para>If you want multiple remote clients to be able to communicate openly
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with each other then you must:</para>
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<orderedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>Include the <emphasis role="bold">client-to-client</emphasis>
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directive in the server's OpenVPN configuration; or</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Specify the <emphasis role="bold">routeback</emphasis> option on
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the <filename class="devicefile">tun+</filename> device in <ulink
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url="manpages/shorewall-interfaces.html">/etc/shorewall/interfaces</ulink>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</orderedlist>
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</section>
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<section id="Dupnet">
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<title>Roadwarrior with Duplicate Network Issue</title>
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<para>The information in this section was contributed by Nicola
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Moretti.</para>
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<para>If your local lan uses a popular RFC 1918 network like
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192.168.1.0/24, there will be times when your roadwarriors need to access
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your lan from a remote location that uses that same network.</para>
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<graphic align="center" fileref="images/Mobile1.png"/>
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<para>This may be accomplished by configuring a second server on your
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firewall that uses a different port and by using <ulink
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url="netmap.html">NETMAP</ulink> in your Shorewall configuration. The
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server configuration in the above diagram is modified as shown
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here:</para>
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<blockquote>
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<programlisting>dev tun
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<emphasis role="bold">server 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0</emphasis>
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dh dh1024.pem
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ca /etc/certs/cacert.pem
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crl-verify /etc/certs/crl.pem
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cert /etc/certs/SystemA.pem
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key /etc/certs/SystemA_key.pem
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<emphasis role="bold">port 1195</emphasis>
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comp-lzo
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user nobody
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group nogroup
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ping 15
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ping-restart 45
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ping-timer-rem
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persist-tun
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persist-key
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<emphasis role="bold">push "route 172.20.1.0 255.255.255.0"</emphasis>
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verb 3</programlisting>
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</blockquote>
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<para>In <filename>/etc/shorewall/netmap</filename>, put these
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entries:</para>
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<blockquote>
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<programlisting>#TYPE NET1 INTERFACE NET2
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SNAT 192.168.1.0/24 tun1 172.20.1.0/24
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DNAT 172.20.1.0/24 tun1 192.168.1.0/24
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</programlisting>
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</blockquote>
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|
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<para>The roadwarrior can now connect to port 1195 and access the lan on
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the right as 172.20.1.0/24.</para>
|
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</section>
|
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|
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<section>
|
|
<title>Roadwarrior with IPv6</title>
|
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|
|
<para>While OpenVPN supports tunneling of IPv6 packets, the version of the
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code that I run under OS X on my Macbook Pro does not support that option.
|
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Nevertheless, I am able to take IPv6 on the road with me by creating a
|
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6to4 tunnel through the OpenVPN IPv6 tunnel. In this configuration, the
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IPv4 address pair (172.20.0.10,172.20.0.11) is used for the OpenVPN tunnel
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and (2001:470:e857:2::1,2001:470:e857:2::2) is used for the 6to4
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tunnel.</para>
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|
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<para>Here are my config files:</para>
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<para>Server (conventional routed server config):</para>
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<blockquote>
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<programlisting>dev tun
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local 70.90.191.121
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server 172.20.0.0 255.255.255.128
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dh dh1024.pem
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ca /etc/certs/cacert.pem
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crl-verify /etc/certs/crl.pem
|
|
|
|
cert /etc/certs/gateway.pem
|
|
key /etc/certs/gateway_key.pem
|
|
|
|
port 1194
|
|
|
|
comp-lzo
|
|
|
|
user nobody
|
|
group nogroup
|
|
|
|
keepalive 15 45
|
|
ping-timer-rem
|
|
persist-tun
|
|
persist-key
|
|
|
|
client-config-dir /etc/openvpn/clients
|
|
ccd-exclusive
|
|
client-to-client
|
|
|
|
push "route 172.20.1.0 255.255.255.0"
|
|
|
|
verb 3</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para>In the CCD file for the Macbook Pro:</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>ifconfig-push <emphasis role="bold">172.20.0.11 172.20.0.10</emphasis></programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para>From <filename>/etc/network/interfaces</filename> (very standard
|
|
<ulink url="6to4.htm#SixInFour">6to4 tunnel
|
|
configuration</ulink>):</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>auto mac
|
|
iface mac inet6 v4tunnel
|
|
address <emphasis role="bold">2001:470:e857:2::1</emphasis>
|
|
netmask 64
|
|
endpoint <emphasis role="bold">172.20.0.11</emphasis>
|
|
local <emphasis role="bold">172.20.1.254</emphasis></programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para>Note that while the remote endpoint (172.20.0.11) is also the
|
|
remote endpoint of the OpenVPN tunnel, the local endpoint (172.20.1.254)
|
|
of the 6to4 tunnel is not the local endpoint of the OpenVPN tunnel
|
|
(that;s 172.20.0.10). 172.20.1.254 is the IPv4 address of the Shorewall
|
|
firewall's LAN interface.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The following excerpts from the Shorewall configuration show the
|
|
parts of that configuration that are relevant to these two tunnels (bold
|
|
font). <emphasis role="bold">This is not a complete
|
|
configuration.</emphasis></para>
|
|
|
|
<para><filename>/etc/shorewall/zones</filename>:</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>#ZONE TYPE
|
|
fw firewall
|
|
loc ip #Local Zone
|
|
drct:loc ipv4 #Direct internet access
|
|
net ipv4 #Internet
|
|
<emphasis role="bold">vpn ipv4 </emphasis> #OpenVPN clients</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para><filename>/etc/shorewall/interfaces</filename>:</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>#ZONE INTERFACE BROADCAST OPTIONS
|
|
loc INT_IF detect dhcp,logmartians=1,routefilter=1,physical=$INT_IF,required,wait=5
|
|
net COM_IF detect dhcp,blacklist,optional,routefilter=0,logmartians,proxyarp=0,physical=$COM_IF,nosmurfs
|
|
<emphasis role="bold">vpn TUN_IF+ detect physical=tun+,routeback</emphasis>
|
|
- sit1 - ignore
|
|
<emphasis role="bold">- mac - ignore</emphasis>
|
|
- EXT_IF - ignore
|
|
- lo - ignore</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para><filename>/etc/shorewall/tunnels</filename>:</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>#TYPE ZONE GATEWAY GATEWAY
|
|
# ZONE
|
|
<emphasis role="bold">openvpnserver:udp net</emphasis>
|
|
6to4 net
|
|
<emphasis role="bold">6to4 vpn</emphasis></programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para>Similarly, here are excerpts from the Shorewall6
|
|
configuration.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para><filename>/etc/shorewall6/zones</filename>:</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>#ZONE TYPE OPTIONS IN OUT
|
|
# OPTIONS OPTIONS
|
|
fw firewall
|
|
net ipv6
|
|
<emphasis role="bold">loc ipv6</emphasis>
|
|
rest ipv6</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para><filename>/etc/shorewall6/interfaces</filename>:</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>#ZONE INTERFACE BROADCAST OPTIONS
|
|
net sit1 detect tcpflags,forward=1,nosmurfs,routeback
|
|
loc eth4 detect tcpflags,forward=1
|
|
<emphasis role="bold">loc mac detect tcpflags,forward=1</emphasis>
|
|
rest eth+</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para>Note that in the IPv6 firewall configuration, the remove Macbook
|
|
Pro is considered to be part of the local zone (loc).</para>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<para>Client (conventional routed client config):</para>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<programlisting>client
|
|
|
|
dev tun
|
|
|
|
proto udp
|
|
|
|
remote gateway.shorewall.net 1194
|
|
|
|
resolv-retry infinite
|
|
|
|
nobind
|
|
|
|
persist-key
|
|
persist-tun
|
|
|
|
mute-replay-warnings
|
|
|
|
ca ca.crt
|
|
cert mac.crt
|
|
key mac.key
|
|
|
|
ns-cert-type server
|
|
|
|
comp-lzo
|
|
|
|
verb 3
|
|
|
|
up /Users/teastep/bin/up
|
|
down /Users/teastep/bin/down
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para><filename>/Users/teastep/bin/up</filename>:</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>#!/bin/bash
|
|
LOCAL_IP=<emphasis role="bold">172.20.0.11</emphasis>
|
|
LOCAL_IPV6=<emphasis role="bold">2001:470:e857:2::2</emphasis>
|
|
REMOTE_IP=<emphasis role="bold">172.20.1.254</emphasis>
|
|
REMOTE_IPV6=<emphasis role="bold">2001:470:e857:2::1</emphasis>
|
|
TUNNEL_IF=gif0
|
|
|
|
if [ $(ifconfig gif0 | wc -l ) -eq 1 ]; then
|
|
#
|
|
# Tunnel interface is not configured yet
|
|
#
|
|
/sbin/ifconfig $TUNNEL_IF tunnel $LOCAL_IP $REMOTE_IP
|
|
/sbin/ifconfig $TUNNEL_IF inet6 $LOCAL_IPV6 $REMOTE_IPV6 prefixlen 128
|
|
else
|
|
/sbin/ifconfig $TUNNEL_IF up
|
|
fi
|
|
|
|
/sbin/route -n add -inet6 default $REMOTE_IPV6 > /dev/null 2>&1</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para><filename>/Users/teastep/bin/down</filename>:</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>#!/bin/bash
|
|
|
|
TUNNEL_IF=gif0
|
|
|
|
/sbin/ifconfig $TUNNEL_IF down
|
|
/sbin/route -n delete -inet6 default > /dev/null 2>&1
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
|
<section>
|
|
<title>Bridged Roadwarrior</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>If you want to use a bridged OpenVPN configuration rather than a
|
|
routed configuration, then follow any of the available HOWTOs to set up
|
|
the bridged configuration. Then:</para>
|
|
|
|
<orderedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>In your current Shorewall two-interface configuration, replace
|
|
references to your internal interface with the name of the bridge;
|
|
and</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Set the <emphasis role="bold">routeback</emphasis> option in the
|
|
bridge's entry in <ulink
|
|
url="manpages/shorewall-interfaces.html">/etc/shorewall/interfaces</ulink>;
|
|
end</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Add this entry to <ulink
|
|
url="manpages/shorewall-tunnels.html">/etc/shorewall/tunnels</ulink>:</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>#TYPE ZONE GATEWAY GATEWAY_ZONE
|
|
openvpnserver:1194 net 0.0.0.0/0</programlisting>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
|
|
<para>This will make the roadwarrior part of your local zone.</para>
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
|
<section>
|
|
<title>Bridging Two Networks</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>Occasionally, the need arises to have a single LAN span two
|
|
different geographical locations. OpenVPN allows that to be done
|
|
easily.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Consider the following case:</para>
|
|
|
|
<graphic align="center" fileref="images/bridge4.png"/>
|
|
|
|
<para>Part of the 192.168.1.0/24 network is in one location and part in
|
|
another. The two LANs can be bridged with OpenVPN as described in this
|
|
section. This example uses a fixed shared key for encryption.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>OpenVPN configuration on left-hand firewall:</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>remote 130.252.100.109
|
|
dev tap0
|
|
secret /etc/openvpn/bridgekey</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para>OpenVPN configuration on right-hand firewall:</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>remote 206.124.146.176
|
|
dev tap0
|
|
secret /etc/openvpn/bridgekey</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para>The bridges can be created by manually making the tap device tap0
|
|
and bridgeing it with the local ethernet interface. Assuming that the
|
|
local interface on both sides is eth1, the following stanzas in
|
|
/etc/network/interfaces (Debian and derivatives) will create the bridged
|
|
interfaces.</para>
|
|
|
|
<note>
|
|
<para>The stanzas below were written before bridges could be defined in
|
|
/etc/network/interfaces. For current usage, see bridge-utils-interfaces
|
|
(5).</para>
|
|
</note>
|
|
|
|
<para>/etc/network/interfaces on the left-hand firewall:</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>iface br0 inet static
|
|
pre-up /usr/sbin/openvpn --mktun --dev tap0
|
|
pre-up /usr/sbin/brctl addbr br0
|
|
address 192.168.1.254
|
|
network 192.168.1.0
|
|
broadcast 192.168.1.255
|
|
netmask 255.255.255.0
|
|
post-up /sbin/ip link set tap0 up
|
|
post-up /usr/sbin/brctl addif br0 tap0
|
|
post-up /sbin/ip link set eth1 up
|
|
post-up /usr/sbin/brctl addif br0 eth1
|
|
post-down /usr/sbin/brctl delbr br0
|
|
post-down /usr/sbin/openvpn --rmtun --dev tap0
|
|
post-down /sbin/ip link set eth1 down </programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para>/etc/network/interfaces on the right-hand firewall:</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>iface br0 inet static
|
|
pre-up /usr/sbin/openvpn --mktun --dev tap0
|
|
pre-up /usr/sbin/brctl addbr br0
|
|
address 192.168.1.253
|
|
network 192.168.1.0
|
|
broadcast 192.168.1.255
|
|
netmask 255.255.255.0
|
|
post-up /sbin/ip link set tap0 up
|
|
post-up /usr/sbin/brctl addif br0 tap0
|
|
post-up /sbin/ip link set eth1 up
|
|
post-up /usr/sbin/brctl addif br0 eth1
|
|
post-down /usr/sbin/brctl delbr br0
|
|
post-down /usr/sbin/openvpn --rmtun --dev tap0
|
|
post-down /sbin/ip link set eth1 down </programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para>The Shorewall configuration is just a <ulink
|
|
url="SimpleBridge.html">Simple Bridge</ulink>.</para>
|
|
</section>
|
|
</article>
|