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git-svn-id: https://shorewall.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/shorewall/trunk@612 fbd18981-670d-0410-9b5c-8dc0c1a9a2bb
768 lines
26 KiB
HTML
768 lines
26 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
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<html>
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<head>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type"
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content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
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<title>Shorewall IPSec Tunneling</title>
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<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Microsoft FrontPage 5.0">
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<meta name="ProgId" content="FrontPage.Editor.Document">
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</head>
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<body>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"
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style="border-collapse: collapse;" bordercolor="#111111" width="100%"
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id="AutoNumber1" bgcolor="#400169" height="90">
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td width="100%">
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<h1 align="center"><font color="#ffffff">IPSEC Tunnels</font></h1>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<h2><font color="#660066">Configuring FreeS/Wan</font></h2>
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There is an excellent guide to configuring IPSEC tunnels at<a
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href="http://www.geocities.com/jixen66/"> http://www.geocities.com/jixen66/</a>
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. I highly recommend that you consult that site for information about configuring
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FreeS/Wan.
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<p><font color="#ff6633"><b>Warning: </b></font>Do not use Proxy ARP and
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FreeS/Wan on the same system unless you are prepared to suffer the consequences.
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If you start or restart Shorewall with an IPSEC tunnel active, the proxied
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IP addresses are mistakenly assigned to the IPSEC tunnel device (ipsecX)
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rather than to the interface that you specify in the INTERFACE column
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of /etc/shorewall/proxyarp. I haven't had the time to debug this problem
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so I can't say if it is a bug in the Kernel or in FreeS/Wan. </p>
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<p>You <b>might</b> be able to work around this problem using the following
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(I haven't tried it):</p>
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<p>In /etc/shorewall/init, include:</p>
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<p> qt service ipsec stop</p>
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<p>In /etc/shorewall/start, include:</p>
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<p> qt service ipsec start</p>
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<h2> <font color="#660066">IPSec Gateway on the Firewall System </font></h2>
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<p>Suppose that we have the following sutuation:</p>
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<font color="#660066">
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<p align="center"><font face="Century Gothic, Arial, Helvetica"> <img
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src="images/TwoNets1.png" width="745" height="427">
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</font></p>
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</font>
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<p align="left">We want systems in the 192.168.1.0/24 sub-network to be able
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to communicate with systems in the 10.0.0.0/8 network.</p>
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<p align="left">To make this work, we need to do two things:</p>
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<p align="left">a) Open the firewall so that the IPSEC tunnel can be established
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(allow the ESP and AH protocols and UDP Port 500). </p>
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<p align="left">b) Allow traffic through the tunnel.</p>
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<p align="left">Opening the firewall for the IPSEC tunnel is accomplished
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by adding an entry to the /etc/shorewall/tunnels file.</p>
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<p align="left">In /etc/shorewall/tunnels on system A, we need the following </p>
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<blockquote>
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<table border="2" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;">
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td><strong> TYPE</strong></td>
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<td><strong> ZONE</strong></td>
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<td><strong> GATEWAY</strong></td>
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<td><strong> GATEWAY ZONE</strong></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>ipsec</td>
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<td>net</td>
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<td>134.28.54.2</td>
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<td> </td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</blockquote>
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<p align="left">In /etc/shorewall/tunnels on system B, we would have:</p>
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<blockquote>
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<table border="2" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;">
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td><strong> TYPE</strong></td>
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<td><strong> ZONE</strong></td>
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<td><strong> GATEWAY</strong></td>
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<td><strong> GATEWAY ZONE</strong></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>ipsec</td>
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<td>net</td>
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<td>206.161.148.9</td>
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<td> </td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</blockquote>
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<p align="left"><b>Note: </b>If either of the endpoints is behind a NAT gateway
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then the tunnels file entry on the <u><b>other</b></u> endpoint should
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specify a tunnel type of <i>ipsecnat</i> rather than <i>ipsec</i> and the
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GATEWAY address should specify the external address of the NAT gateway.<br>
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</p>
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<p align="left">You need to define a zone for the remote subnet or include
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it in your local zone. In this example, we'll assume that you have
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created a zone called "vpn" to represent the remote subnet.</p>
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<blockquote>
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<table border="2" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;">
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td><strong>ZONE</strong></td>
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<td><strong>DISPLAY</strong></td>
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<td><strong>COMMENTS</strong></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>vpn</td>
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<td>VPN</td>
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<td>Remote Subnet</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</blockquote>
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<p align="left">At both systems, ipsec0 would be included in /etc/shorewall/interfaces
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as a "vpn" interface:</p>
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<blockquote>
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<table border="2" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;">
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td><strong> ZONE</strong></td>
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<td><strong> INTERFACE</strong></td>
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<td><strong> BROADCAST</strong></td>
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<td><strong> OPTIONS</strong></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>vpn</td>
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<td>ipsec0</td>
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<td> </td>
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<td> </td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</blockquote>
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<p align="left"> You will need to allow traffic between the "vpn" zone and
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the "loc" zone -- if you simply want to admit all traffic in both
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directions, you can use the policy file:</p>
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<blockquote>
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<table border="2" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;">
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td><strong>SOURCE</strong></td>
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<td><strong>DEST</strong></td>
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<td><strong>POLICY</strong></td>
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<td><strong>LOG LEVEL</strong></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>loc</td>
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<td>vpn</td>
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<td>ACCEPT</td>
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<td> </td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>vpn</td>
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<td>loc</td>
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<td>ACCEPT</td>
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<td> </td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</blockquote>
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<p align="left"> Once you have these entries in place, restart Shorewall (type
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shorewall restart); you are now ready to configure the tunnel in <a
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href="http://www.xs4all.nl/%7Efreeswan/"> FreeS/WAN</a> .</p>
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<h2><a name="VPNHub"></a>VPN Hub</h2>
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Shorewall can be used in a VPN Hub environment where multiple remote networks
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are connected to a gateway running Shorewall. This environment is shown in
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this diatram.<br>
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<div align="center"><img src="images/ThreeNets.png"
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alt="(Three networks linked with IPSEC)" width="750" height="781">
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<br>
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</div>
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<p align="left">We want systems in the 192.168.1.0/24 sub-network to be able
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to communicate with systems in the 10.0.0.0/16 and 10.1.0.0/16 networks
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and we want the 10.0.0.0/16 and 10.1.0.0/16 networks to be able to communicate.</p>
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<p align="left">To make this work, we need to do several things:</p>
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<p align="left">a) Open the firewall so that two IPSEC tunnels can be established
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(allow the ESP and AH protocols and UDP Port 500). </p>
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<p align="left">b) Allow traffic through the tunnels two/from the local zone
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(192.168.1.0/24).<br>
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</p>
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<p align="left">c) Deny traffic through the tunnels between the two remote
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networks.<br>
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</p>
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<p align="left">Opening the firewall for the IPSEC tunnels is accomplished
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by adding two entries to the /etc/shorewall/tunnels file.</p>
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<p align="left">In /etc/shorewall/tunnels on system A, we need the following </p>
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<blockquote>
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<table border="2" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;">
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td><strong> TYPE</strong></td>
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<td><strong> ZONE</strong></td>
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<td><strong> GATEWAY</strong></td>
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<td><strong> GATEWAY ZONE</strong></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>ipsec<br>
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</td>
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<td>net</td>
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<td>134.28.54.2</td>
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<td> </td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top">ipsec<br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top">net<br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top">130.152.100.14<br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top"><br>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</blockquote>
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<p align="left">In /etc/shorewall/tunnels on systems B and C, we would have:</p>
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<blockquote>
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<table border="2" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;">
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td><strong> TYPE</strong></td>
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<td><strong> ZONE</strong></td>
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<td><strong> GATEWAY</strong></td>
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<td><strong> GATEWAY ZONE</strong></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>ipsec</td>
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<td>net</td>
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<td>206.161.148.9</td>
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<td> </td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</blockquote>
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<p align="left"></p>
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<p align="left"><b>Note: </b>If either of the endpoints is behind a NAT gateway
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then the tunnels file entry on the <u><b>other</b></u> endpoint should
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specify a tunnel type of <i>ipsecnat</i> rather than <i>ipsec<br>
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</i> and the GATEWAY address should specify the external address of the
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NAT gateway.<br>
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</p>
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<p align="left">On each system, we will create a zone to represent the remote
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networks. On System A:<br>
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</p>
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<blockquote>
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<table border="2" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;">
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td><strong>ZONE</strong></td>
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<td><strong>DISPLAY</strong></td>
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<td><strong>COMMENTS</strong></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>vpn1</td>
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<td>VPN1</td>
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<td>Remote Subnet on system B</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top">vpn2<br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top">VPN2<br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top">Remote Subnet on system C<br>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</blockquote>
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<p align="left">On systems B and C:<br>
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</p>
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<blockquote>
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<table border="2" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;">
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td><strong>ZONE</strong></td>
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<td><strong>DISPLAY</strong></td>
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<td><strong>COMMENTS</strong></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>vpn</td>
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<td>VPN</td>
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<td>Remote Subnet on system A</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</blockquote>
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<p align="left">At system A, ipsec0 represents two zones so we have the following
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in /etc/shorewall/interfaces:</p>
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<blockquote>
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<table border="2" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;">
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td><strong> ZONE</strong></td>
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<td><strong> INTERFACE</strong></td>
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<td><strong> BROADCAST</strong></td>
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<td><strong> OPTIONS</strong></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>-<br>
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</td>
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<td>ipsec0</td>
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<td> </td>
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<td><br>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</blockquote>
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<p align="left">The /etc/shorewall/hosts file on system A defines the two
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VPN zones:<br>
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</p>
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<blockquote>
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<table border="2" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;">
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td><strong> ZONE</strong></td>
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<td><strong> HOSTS</strong><br>
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</td>
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<td><strong> OPTIONS</strong></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>vpn1<br>
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</td>
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<td>ipsec0:10.0.0.0/16</td>
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<td><br>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top">vpn2<br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top">ipsec0:10.1.0.0/16<br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top"><br>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</blockquote>
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<p align="left">At systems B and C, ipsec0 represents a single zone so we
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have the following in /etc/shorewall/interfaces:</p>
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<blockquote>
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<table border="2" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;">
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td><strong> ZONE</strong></td>
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<td><strong> INTERFACE</strong></td>
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<td><strong> BROADCAST</strong></td>
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<td><strong> OPTIONS</strong></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>vpn<br>
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</td>
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<td>ipsec0</td>
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<td> </td>
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<td><br>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<br>
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</blockquote>
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<p align="left">On systems A, you will need to allow traffic between the "vpn1"
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zone and the "loc" zone as well as between "vpn2" and the "loc" zone
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-- if you simply want to admit all traffic in both directions, you
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can use the following policy file entries on all three gateways:</p>
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|
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<blockquote>
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<table border="2" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;">
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td><strong>SOURCE</strong></td>
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<td><strong>DEST</strong></td>
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<td><strong>POLICY</strong></td>
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<td><strong>LOG LEVEL</strong></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>loc</td>
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<td>vpn1</td>
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<td>ACCEPT</td>
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<td> </td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>vpn1</td>
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<td>loc</td>
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<td>ACCEPT</td>
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<td> </td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top">loc<br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top">vpn2<br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top">ACCEPT<br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top"><br>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top">vpn2<br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top">loc<br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top">ACCEPT<br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top"><br>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</blockquote>
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<p align="left">On systems B and C, you will need to allow traffic between
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the "vpn" zone and the "loc" zone -- if you simply want to admit all
|
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traffic in both directions, you can use the following policy file entries
|
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on all three gateways:</p>
|
||
|
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<blockquote>
|
||
<table border="2" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;">
|
||
<tbody>
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||
<tr>
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<td><strong>SOURCE</strong></td>
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<td><strong>DEST</strong></td>
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<td><strong>POLICY</strong></td>
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<td><strong>LOG LEVEL</strong></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>loc</td>
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<td>vpn</td>
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<td>ACCEPT</td>
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<td> </td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>vpn</td>
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<td>loc</td>
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<td>ACCEPT</td>
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<td> </td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</blockquote>
|
||
|
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<p align="left">Once you have the Shorewall entries added, restart Shorewall
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on each gateway (type shorewall restart); you are now ready to configure
|
||
the tunnels in <a href="http://www.xs4all.nl/%7Efreeswan/"> FreeS/WAN</a>
|
||
.</p>
|
||
Note that to allow traffic between the networks attached to systems B and
|
||
C, it is necessary to simply add two additional entries to the /etc/shorewall/policy
|
||
file on system A.<br>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<table border="2" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;">
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td><strong>SOURCE</strong></td>
|
||
<td><strong>DEST</strong></td>
|
||
<td><strong>POLICY</strong></td>
|
||
<td><strong>LOG LEVEL</strong></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>vpn1<br>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>vpn2</td>
|
||
<td>ACCEPT</td>
|
||
<td> </td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>vpn2</td>
|
||
<td>vpn1<br>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>ACCEPT</td>
|
||
<td> </td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<br>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
|
||
<h2><font color="#660066"><a name="RoadWarrior"></a> </font>Mobile System
|
||
(Road Warrior)</h2>
|
||
|
||
<p>Suppose that you have a laptop system (B) that you take with you when you
|
||
travel and you want to be able to establish a secure connection back to your
|
||
local network.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p align="center"><strong><font face="Century Gothic, Arial, Helvetica">
|
||
<img src="images/Mobile.png" width="677" height="426">
|
||
</font></strong></p>
|
||
|
||
<p align="left">You need to define a zone for the laptop or include it in
|
||
your local zone. In this example, we'll assume that you have created
|
||
a zone called "vpn" to represent the remote host.</p>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<table border="2" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;">
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td><strong>ZONE</strong></td>
|
||
<td><strong>DISPLAY</strong></td>
|
||
<td><strong>COMMENTS</strong></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>vpn</td>
|
||
<td>VPN</td>
|
||
<td>Remote Subnet</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
|
||
<p align="left"> In this instance, the mobile system (B) has IP address 134.28.54.2
|
||
but that cannot be determined in advance. In the /etc/shorewall/tunnels
|
||
file on system A, the following entry should be made:</p>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<table border="2" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;">
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td><strong> TYPE</strong></td>
|
||
<td><strong> ZONE</strong></td>
|
||
<td><strong> GATEWAY</strong></td>
|
||
<td><strong> GATEWAY ZONE</strong></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>ipsec</td>
|
||
<td>net</td>
|
||
<td>0.0.0.0/0</td>
|
||
<td>vpn</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
|
||
<p>Note that the GATEWAY ZONE column contains the name of the zone corresponding
|
||
to peer subnetworks. This indicates that the gateway system itself comprises
|
||
the peer subnetwork; in other words, the remote gateway is a standalone
|
||
system.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>You will need to configure /etc/shorewall/interfaces and establish
|
||
your "through the tunnel" policy as shown under the first example above.<br>
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
<h2><a name="Dynamic"></a>Dynamic RoadWarrior Zones</h2>
|
||
Beginning with Shorewall release 1.3.10, you can define multiple VPN
|
||
zones and add and delete remote endpoints dynamically using /sbin/shorewall.
|
||
In /etc/shorewall/zones:<br>
|
||
<br>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<table cellpadding="2" border="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;">
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td valign="top"><b>ZONE<br>
|
||
</b></td>
|
||
<td valign="top"><b>DISPLAY<br>
|
||
</b></td>
|
||
<td valign="top"><b>COMMENTS<br>
|
||
</b></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td valign="top">vpn1<br>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td valign="top">VPN-1<br>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td valign="top">First VPN Zone<br>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td valign="top">vpn2<br>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td valign="top">VPN-2<br>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td valign="top">Second VPN Zone<br>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td valign="top">vpn3<br>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td valign="top">VPN-3<br>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td valign="top">Third VPN Zone<br>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<br>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
In /etc/shorewall/tunnels:<br>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="" border="2"
|
||
style="border-collapse: collapse;">
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td valign="top"><b>TYPE<br>
|
||
</b></td>
|
||
<td valign="top"><b>ZONE<br>
|
||
</b></td>
|
||
<td valign="top"><b>GATEWAY<br>
|
||
</b></td>
|
||
<td valign="top"><b>GATEWAY ZONE<br>
|
||
</b></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td valign="top">ipsec<br>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td valign="top">net<br>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td valign="top">0.0.0.0/0<br>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td valign="top">vpn1,vpn2,vpn3<br>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<br>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
When Shorewall is started, the zones vpn[1-3] will all be empty and
|
||
Shorewall will issue warnings to that effect. These warnings may be safely
|
||
ignored. FreeS/Wan may now be configured to have three different Road Warrior
|
||
connections with the choice of connection being based on X-509 certificates
|
||
or some other means. Each of these connectioins will utilize a different
|
||
updown script that adds the remote station to the appropriate zone when the
|
||
connection comes up and that deletes the remote station when the connection
|
||
comes down. For example, when 134.28.54.2 connects for the vpn2 zone the
|
||
'up' part of the script will issue the command":<br>
|
||
<br>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote>/sbin/shorewall add ipsec0:134.28.54.2 vpn2<br>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
and the 'down' part will:<br>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote>/sbin/shorewall delete ipsec0:134.28.54.2 vpn<br>
|
||
<br>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
|
||
<h3>Limitations of Dynamic Zones</h3>
|
||
If you include a dynamic zone in the exclude list of a DNAT rule, the dynamically-added
|
||
hosts are not excluded from the rule.<br>
|
||
<br>
|
||
Example with dyn=dynamic zone:<br>
|
||
<br>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" border="1">
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td valign="top"><u><b>ACTION<br>
|
||
</b></u></td>
|
||
<td valign="top"><u><b>SOURCE<br>
|
||
</b></u></td>
|
||
<td valign="top"><u><b>DESTINATION<br>
|
||
</b></u></td>
|
||
<td valign="top"><u><b>PROTOCOL<br>
|
||
</b></u></td>
|
||
<td valign="top"><u><b>PORT(S)<br>
|
||
</b></u></td>
|
||
<td valign="top"><u><b>CLIENT<br>
|
||
PORT(S)<br>
|
||
</b></u></td>
|
||
<td valign="top"><u><b>ORIGINAL<br>
|
||
DESTINATION<br>
|
||
</b></u></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td valign="top">DNAT<br>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td valign="top">z:dyn<br>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td valign="top">loc:192.168.1.3<br>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td valign="top">tcp<br>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td valign="top">80<br>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td valign="top"><br>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td valign="top"><br>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
Dynamic changes to the zone <b>dyn</b> will have no effect on the above
|
||
rule.
|
||
<p><font size="2">Last updated 6/10//2003 - </font><font size="2"> <a
|
||
href="support.htm">Tom Eastep</a></font> </p>
|
||
|
||
<p><a href="copyright.htm"><font size="2"> Copyright</font> © <font
|
||
size="2">2001, 2002, 2003 Thomas M. Eastep.</font></a><br>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<br>
|
||
</body>
|
||
</html>
|