shorewall_code/docs/Install.xml

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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd">
<article id="Install">
  <!--$Id$-->

  <articleinfo>
    <title>Shorewall Installation and Upgrade</title>

    <authorgroup>
      <author>
        <firstname>Tom</firstname>

        <surname>Eastep</surname>
      </author>
    </authorgroup>

    <pubdate><?dbtimestamp format="Y/m/d"?></pubdate>

    <copyright>
      <year>2001-</year>

      <year>2006</year>

      <year>2009</year>

      <year>2012</year>

      <holder>Thomas M. Eastep</holder>
    </copyright>

    <legalnotice>
      <para>Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
      document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version
      1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with
      no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover, and with no Back-Cover
      Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
      <quote><ulink url="GnuCopyright.htm">GNU Free Documentation
      License</ulink></quote>.</para>
    </legalnotice>
  </articleinfo>

  <caution>
    <para><emphasis role="bold">This article applies to Shorewall 4.3 and
    later. If you are installing or upgrading to a version of Shorewall
    earlier than Shorewall 4.3.5 then please see the documentation for that
    release.</emphasis></para>
  </caution>

  <important>
    <para>Before attempting installation, I strongly urge you to read and
    print a copy of the <ulink url="shorewall_quickstart_guide.htm">Shorewall
    QuickStart</ulink> Guide for the configuration that most closely matches
    your own. This article only tells you how to install the product on your
    system. The QuickStart Guides describe how to configure the
    product.</para>
  </important>

  <important>
    <para>Before upgrading, be sure to review the <ulink
    url="upgrade_issues.htm">Upgrade Issues</ulink>.</para>
  </important>

  <note>
    <para>Shorewall RPMs are signed. To avoid warnings such as the
    following<programlisting>warning: shorewall-3.2.1-1.noarch.rpm: V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 6c562ac4</programlisting></para>

    <para>download the <ulink
    url="https://lists.shorewall.net/shorewall.gpg.key">Shorewall GPG
    key</ulink> and run this command:</para>

    <programlisting><command>rpm --import shorewall.gpg.key</command></programlisting>
  </note>

  <section id="Install_RPM">
    <title>Install using RPM</title>

    <para>To install Shorewall using the RPM:</para>

    <orderedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para><emphasis role="bold">Be sure that you have the correct RPM
        package!</emphasis></para>

        <para>The standard RPM package from shorewall.net and the mirrors is
        known to work with <emphasis
        role="bold"><trademark>SUSE</trademark></emphasis>, <emphasis
        role="bold"><trademark>Power PPC</trademark></emphasis>, <emphasis
        role="bold"><trademark>Trustix</trademark></emphasis> and <emphasis
        role="bold"><trademark>TurboLinux</trademark></emphasis>. There is
        also an RPM package provided by Simon Matter that is tailored for
        <trademark><emphasis role="bold">RedHat/Fedora</emphasis></trademark>
        and another package from Jack Coates that is customized for <emphasis
        role="bold"><trademark>Mandriva</trademark></emphasis>. All of these
        are available from the <ulink
        url="http://www.shorewall.net/download.htm">download
        page</ulink>.</para>

        <para>If you try to install the wrong package, it probably won't
        work.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>Install the RPMs</para>

        <programlisting><command>rpm -ivh &lt;shorewall rpm&gt;</command></programlisting>

        <caution>
          <para>Some users are in the habit of using the <command>rpm
          -U</command> command for installing packages as well as for updating
          them. If you use that command when installing the Shorewall RPM then
          you will have to manually enable Shorewall startup at boot time by
          running <command>chkconfig</command>, <command>insserv</command> or
          whatever utility you use to manipulate you init symbolic
          links.</para>
        </caution>

        <note>
          <para>Shorewall is dependent on the iproute package. Unfortunately,
          some distributions call this package iproute2 which will cause the
          installation of Shorewall to fail with the diagnostic:</para>

          <programlisting>error: failed dependencies:iproute is needed by shorewall-3.2.x-1</programlisting>

          <para>This problem should not occur if you are using the correct RPM
          package (see 1., above) but may be worked around by using the
          --nodeps option of rpm.</para>

          <programlisting><command>rpm -ivh --nodeps &lt;rpms&gt;</command></programlisting>
        </note>

        <para>Example:<programlisting><command>rpm -ivh shorewall-4.3.5-0base.noarch.rpm</command></programlisting></para>
      </listitem>
    </orderedlist>
  </section>

  <section id="Install_Tarball">
    <title>Install using tarball</title>

    <section>
      <title>Versions 4.5.2 and Later</title>

      <para>Shorewall 4.5.2 introduced a change in the philosopy used by the
      Shorewall installers. 4.5.2 introduced the concept of
      <firstterm>shorewallrc files</firstterm>. These files define the
      parameters to the install process. During the first installation using
      <emphasis role="bold">Shorewall-core</emphasis> 4.5.2 or later, a
      shorewallrc file named ${HOME}/.shorewallrc will be installed. That file
      will provide the default parameters for installing other Shorewall
      components of the same or later version.</para>

      <para>Note that <emphasis role="bold">you must install Shorewall-core
      before installing any other Shorewall package</emphasis>.</para>

      <para>Each of the Shorewall packages contains a set of
      distribution-specific shorewallrc files:</para>

      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>shorewallrc.apple (OS X)</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>shorewallrc.archlinux</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>shorewallrc.cygwin (Cygwin running on Windows)</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>shorewallrc.debian (Debian and derivatives)</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>shoreallrc.default (Generic Linux)</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>shorewallrc.redhat (Fedora, RHEL and derivatives)</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>shorewallrc.slackware</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>shorewallrc.suse (SLES and OpenSuSE)</para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>

      <para>When installing 4.5.2 or later for the first time, a special
      procedure must be followed:</para>

      <orderedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>Select the shorewallrc file that is closest to your
          needs.</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>Review the settings in the file.</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>If you want to change something then you have two
          choices:</para>

          <orderedlist numeration="loweralpha">
            <listitem>
              <para>Copy the file to shorewallrc and edit the copy to meet
              your needs; or</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para>If the system has Bash (/bin/bash) 4.0 or later installed,
              you can run ./configure (see below). If you are installing
              4.5.2.1 or later and your system has Perl installed, you can use
              the Perl version (./configure.pl).</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para>./install.sh</para>
            </listitem>
          </orderedlist>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>If you don't need to change the file, then simply:</para>

          <simplelist>
            <member>./install.sh
            <replaceable>shorewallrcfile-that-meets-your-needs</replaceable></member>

            <member></member>

            <member>Example: <command>./install
            shorewallrc.debian</command></member>
          </simplelist>
        </listitem>
      </orderedlist>

      <para>The shorewall-core install.sh script will store the shorewallrc
      file in ~/.shorewallrc where it will provide the defaults for future
      installations of all Shorewall products. Other packages/versions can be
      installed by simply typing</para>

      <simplelist>
        <member><command>./install.sh</command></member>
      </simplelist>

      <section id="shorewallrc">
        <title>Settings in a shorewallrc file</title>

        <para>A shorewallrc file contains a number of lines of the form
        <replaceable>option</replaceable>=<replaceable>value.</replaceable>
        Because some of the installers are shared between Shorewall products,
        the files assume the definition of the symbol PRODUCT. $PRODUCT will
        contain the name of a Shorewall product (shorewall-core, shorewall,
        shorewall6, shorewall-lite, shorewall6-lite or shorewall-init).</para>

        <para>Valid values for <replaceable>option</replaceable> are:</para>

        <variablelist>
          <varlistentry>
            <term>HOST</term>

            <listitem>
              <para>Selects the shorewallrc file to use for default settings.
              Valid values are:</para>

              <variablelist>
                <varlistentry>
                  <term>apple</term>

                  <listitem>
                    <para>OS X</para>
                  </listitem>
                </varlistentry>

                <varlistentry>
                  <term>archlinux</term>

                  <listitem>
                    <para>Archlinux</para>
                  </listitem>
                </varlistentry>

                <varlistentry>
                  <term>cygwin</term>

                  <listitem>
                    <para>Cygwin running under Windows</para>
                  </listitem>
                </varlistentry>

                <varlistentry>
                  <term>debian</term>

                  <listitem>
                    <para>Debian and derivatives (Ubuntu, Kbuntu, etc)</para>
                  </listitem>
                </varlistentry>

                <varlistentry>
                  <term>default</term>

                  <listitem>
                    <para>Generic Linux</para>
                  </listitem>
                </varlistentry>

                <varlistentry>
                  <term>redhat</term>

                  <listitem>
                    <para>Fedora, RHEL and derivatives (CentOS, Foobar,
                    etc)</para>
                  </listitem>
                </varlistentry>

                <varlistentry>
                  <term>slackware</term>

                  <listitem>
                    <para>Slackware Linux</para>
                  </listitem>
                </varlistentry>

                <varlistentry>
                  <term>suse</term>

                  <listitem>
                    <para>SLES and OpenSuSe</para>
                  </listitem>
                </varlistentry>
              </variablelist>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>PREFIX</term>

            <listitem>
              <para>Top-level directory under which most Shorewall components
              are installed. All standard shorewallrc files define this as
              <emphasis role="bold">\usr</emphasis>.</para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>SHAREDIR</term>

            <listitem>
              <para>The directory where most Shorewall components are
              installed. In all of the standard shorewallrc file, this option
              has the value <emphasis
              role="bold">${PREFIX}/share</emphasis>.</para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>LIBEXECDIR</term>

            <listitem>
              <para>Directory where internal executables are stored. In the
              standard shorewallrc files, the default is either <emphasis
              role="bold">${PREFIX}/share</emphasis> or <emphasis
              role="bold">${PREFIX}/libexec</emphasis></para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>PERLLIBDIR</term>

            <listitem>
              <para>Directory where the Shorewall Perl modules are installed.
              Then will be installed in this directory under the sub-directory
              Shorewall. Default is distribution-specific.</para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>CONFDIR</term>

            <listitem>
              <para>Directory where subsystem configuration data is stored.
              Default is <emphasis role="bold">/etc</emphasis> in all
              shorewallrc file.</para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>SBINDIR</term>

            <listitem>
              <para>Directory where CLI programs will be installed. Default in
              all shorewallrc files is /<emphasis
              role="bold">sbin</emphasis>.</para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>MANDIR</term>

            <listitem>
              <para>Directory under which manpages are to be installed.
              Default is distribution dependent.</para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>INITDIR</term>

            <listitem>
              <para>Directory under which SysV init scripts are installed.
              Default is distribution dependent.</para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>INITSOURCE</term>

            <listitem>
              <para>File in the package that is to be installed as the SysV
              init script for the product.</para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>INITFILE</term>

            <listitem>
              <para>The name of the SysV init script when installed under
              $INITDIR. May be empty, in which case no SysV init script will
              be installed. This is usually the case on systems that run
              systemd and on systems like Cygwin or OS X where Shorewall can't
              act as a firewall.</para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>AUXINITSOURCE and AUXINITFILE</term>

            <listitem>
              <para>Analogs of INITSOURCE and INITFILE for distributions, like
              Slackware, that have a master SysV init script and multiple
              subordinate scripts.</para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>SYSTEMD</term>

            <listitem>
              <para>The directory under which the product's .service file is
              to be installed. Should only be specified on systems running
              systemd.</para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>SERVICEFILE</term>

            <listitem>
              <para>Added in Shorewall 4.5.20. When SYSTEMD is specified, this
              variable names the file to be installed as the product's
              .service file. If not specified, $PRODUCT.service is
              assumed.</para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>SYSCONFDIR</term>

            <listitem>
              <para>The directory where package SysV init configuration files
              are to be installed. <emphasis
              role="bold">/etc/default</emphasis> on Debian and derivatives
              and <emphasis role="bold">/etc/sysconfig</emphasis>
              otherwise</para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>SYSCONFFILE</term>

            <listitem>
              <para>The file in the Shorewall package that should be installed
              as ${SYSCONFDIR}/$PRODUCT</para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>ANNOTATED</term>

            <listitem>
              <para>Value is either empty or non-empty. Non-empty indicates
              that files in ${CONFDIR}/${PRODUCT} should be annotated with
              manpage documentation.</para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>SPARSE</term>

            <listitem>
              <para>Value is either empty or non-empty. When non-empty, only
              ${PRODUCT}.conf will be installed in
              ${CONFDIR}/${PRODUCT}</para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>VARLIB</term>

            <listitem>
              <para>Added in Shorewall 4.5.8. Directory where subsystem state
              data is to be stored. Default is <emphasis
              role="bold">/var/lib</emphasis>.</para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>VARDIR</term>

            <listitem>
              <para>Shorewall 4.5.7 and earlier: Directory where subsystem
              state data is to be stored. Default is <emphasis
              role="bold">/var/lib</emphasis>.</para>

              <para>Shorewall 4.5.8 and later: Default is <emphasis
              role="bold">/var/lib/$PRODUCT</emphasis>.</para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>
        </variablelist>

        <note>
          <para>From Shorewall 4.5.2 through 4.5.7, there were two
          interpretations of VARDIR. In the shorewallrc file, it referred to
          the directory where all Shorewall product state would be stored
          (default <emphasis role="bold">/var/lib</emphasis>). But in the code
          and in shorewall-vardir(5), it referred to the directory where an
          individual products state would be stored (e.g., <emphasis
          role="bold">/var/lib/shorewall</emphasis>).</para>

          <para>In Shorewall 4.5.8, the variable VARLIB was added to
          shorewallrc. In that release, the shorewallrc files packaged with
          the Shorewall products were changed to include these two
          lines:</para>

          <simplelist>
            <member>VARLIB=/var/lib</member>
          </simplelist>

          <para>VARDIR defaults to '${VARLIB}/${PRODUCT}' if VARLIB is
          specified and VARDIR isn't.</para>

          <para>The consumers of shorewallrc were changed so that if there is
          no VARLIB setting, then VARLIB is set to $VARDIR and $VARDIR is set
          to ${VARLIB}/${PRODUCT}. This allows existing
          <filename>shorewallrc</filename> files to be used unchanged.</para>
        </note>
      </section>

      <section>
        <title>configure Script</title>

        <warning>
          <para>The configure script requires Bash 4.0 or later. Beginning
          with Shorewall 4.5.2.1, a Perl version (configure.pl) of the script
          is included for use by packagers that have to deal with systems with
          earlier versions of Bash. The configure.pl script works identically
          to the Bash version.</para>
        </warning>

        <para>The configure script creates a file named
        <filename>shorewallrc</filename> in the current working directory.
        This file is the default input file to the
        i<command>nstall.sh</command> scripts. It is run as follows:</para>

        <simplelist>
          <member><command>./configure</command>[.pl] [
          <replaceable>option</replaceable>=<replaceable>value</replaceable> ]
          ...</member>
        </simplelist>

        <para>The possible values for option are the same as those shone above
        in the shorewallrc file. They may be specified in either upper or
        lower case and may optionally be prefixed by '--'. To facilitate use
        with the rpm %configure script, the following options are
        supported:</para>

        <variablelist>
          <varlistentry>
            <term>vendor</term>

            <listitem>
              <para>Alias for <emphasis role="bold">host</emphasis>.</para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>sharedstatedir</term>

            <listitem>
              <para>Shorewall 4.5.2 - 4.5.7 Alias for <emphasis
              role="bold">vardir</emphasis>.</para>

              <para>Shorewall 4.5.8 and later. Alias for <emphasis
              role="bold">varlib</emphasis>.</para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>datadir</term>

            <listitem>
              <para>Alias for <emphasis
              role="bold">sharedir</emphasis>.</para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>
        </variablelist>

        <para>Note that %configure may dsgenerate option/value pairs that are
        incompatible with the <command>configure</command> script. The current
        %configure macro is:</para>

        <programlisting>%configure \
  CFLAGS="${CFLAGS:-%optflags}" ; export CFLAGS ; \
  CXXFLAGS="${CXXFLAGS:-%optflags}" ; export CXXFLAGS ; \
  FFLAGS="${FFLAGS:-%optflags}" ; export FFLAGS ; \
  ./configure --host=%{_host} --build=%{_build} \\\
        --target=%{_target_platform} \\\
        --program-prefix=%{?_program_prefix} \\\
        --prefix=%{_prefix} \\\
        --exec-prefix=%{_exec_prefix} \\\
        --bindir=%{_bindir} \\\
        --sbindir=%{_sbindir} \\\
        --sysconfdir=%{_sysconfdir} \\\
        --datadir=%{_datadir} \\\
        --includedir=%{_includedir} \\\
        --libdir=%{_libdir} \\\
        --libexecdir=%{_libexecdir} \\\
        --localstatedir=%{_localstatedir} \\\
        --sharedstatedir=%{_sharedstatedir} \\\
        --mandir=%{_mandir} \\\
        --infodir=%{_infodir}
</programlisting>

        <para>On Fedora 16, this expands to:</para>

        <programlisting>  CFLAGS="${CFLAGS:--O2 -g -march=i386 -mtune=i686}" ; export CFLAGS ; 
  CXXFLAGS="${CXXFLAGS:--O2 -g -march=i386 -mtune=i686}" ; export CXXFLAGS ; 
  FFLAGS="${FFLAGS:--O2 -g -march=i386 -mtune=i686}" ; export FFLAGS ; 
  ./configure <emphasis role="bold">--host=i686-pc-linux-gnu</emphasis> --build=i686-pc-linux-gnu \
        --program-prefix= \
        --prefix=/usr \
        --exec-prefix=/usr \
        --bindir=/usr/bin \
        --sbindir=/usr/sbin \
        --sysconfdir=/etc \
        --datadir=/usr/share \
        --includedir=/usr/include \
        --libdir=/usr/lib \
        --libexecdir=/usr/libexec \
        --localstatedir=/var \
        --sharedstatedir=/var/lib \
        --mandir=/usr/share/man \
        --infodir=/usr/share/info
</programlisting>

        <para>The value of <emphasis role="bold">--host </emphasis>does not
        map to any of the valid HOST values in shorewallrc. So to use
        %configure on a Fedora system, you want to invoke it as
        follows:</para>

        <programlisting><command>%configure --vendor=redhat</command></programlisting>

        <para>To reset the value of a setting in shorewallrc.$host, give it a
        null value. For example, if you are installing on a RHEL derivative
        that doesn't run systemd, use this command:</para>

        <programlisting><command>./configure --vendor=redhat --systemd=</command></programlisting>
      </section>

      <section>
        <title>Install for Packaging.</title>

        <para>If you build your own packages, then you will want to install
        the Shorewall products into it's own directory tree. This is done by
        adding DESTDIR to the installer's environment. For example, to install
        a product for Debian into the /tmp/package directory:</para>

        <programlisting>DESTDIR=/tmp/package ./install.sh shorewallrc.debian</programlisting>
      </section>

      <section>
        <title>Install into a Sandbox</title>

        <para>When DESTDIR is used, the resulting configuration is not
        runnable, because all configuration pathnames are relative to
        $DESTDIR. Beginning with Shorewall 4.6.4, you can create runnable
        configurations separate from your main configuration. Here is a sample
        shorewallrc file:</para>

        <programlisting>                INSTALL_DIR=/usr/local/shorewall-custom
                HOST=suse
                PREFIX=${INSTALL_DIR}
                SHAREDIR=${INSTALL_DIR}/share
                LIBEXECDIR=${INSTALL_DIR}/lib
                PERLLIBDIR=${INSTALL_DIR}/lib/perl5
                CONFDIR=${INSTALL_DIR}/etc
                SBINDIR=${INSTALL_DIR}/usr/sbin
                MANDIR=${SHAREDIR}/man/
                INITDIR=${INSTALL_DIR}/etc/init.d
                INITSOURCE=init.suse.sh
                INITFILE=${PRODUCT}
                AUXINITSOURCE=
                AUXINITFILE=
                SYSTEMD=${INSTALL_DIR}/etc/systemd
                SERVICEFILE=${PRODUCT}.service
                SYSCONFFILE=sysconfig
                SYSCONFDIR=${INSTALL_DIR}/etc/sysconfig
                SPARSE=
                ANNOTATED=
                VARLIB=${INSTALL_DIR}/var/lib
                VARDIR=${VARLIB}/${PRODUCT}
                <emphasis role="bold">SANDBOX=Yes</emphasis></programlisting>

        <para>The above shorewallrc creates a runnable configuration in
        /usr/local/shorewall-custom. It is triggered by adding SANDBOX to the
        shorewallrc file -- any non-empty value for that variable will prevent
        the installer from replacing the current main configuraiton. </para>
      </section>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Versions 4.5.1 and Earlier</title>

      <para>Beginning with Shorewall-4.5.0, the Shorewall packages depend on
      Shorewall-core. So the first step is to install that package:</para>

      <orderedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>unpack the tarballs:<programlisting><command>tar -jxf shorewall-core-4.5.0.tar.bz2</command></programlisting></para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>cd to the shorewall directory (the version is encoded in the
          directory name as in <quote>shorewall-core-4.5.0</quote>).</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>Type:</para>

          <programlisting><command>./install.sh </command></programlisting>
        </listitem>
      </orderedlist>

      <para>To install Shorewall using the tarball and install script:</para>

      <orderedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>unpack the tarballs:<programlisting><command>tar -jxf shorewall-4.5.0.tar.bz2</command></programlisting></para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>cd to the shorewall directory (the version is encoded in the
          directory name as in <quote>shorewall-4.3.5</quote>).</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>Type:</para>

          <programlisting><command>./install.sh </command></programlisting>

          <para>or if you are installing Shorewall or Shorewall6 version 4.4.8
          or later, you may type:</para>

          <programlisting><command>./install.sh -s</command></programlisting>

          <para>The <emphasis role="bold">-s</emphasis> option suppresses
          installation of all files in <filename
          class="directory">/etc/shorewall</filename> except
          <filename>shorewall.conf</filename>. You can copy any other files
          you need from one of the <ulink
          url="GettingStarted.html">Samples</ulink> or from <filename
          class="directory">/usr/share/shorewall/configfiles/</filename>.</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>If the install script was unable to configure Shorewall to be
          started automatically at boot, see <ulink
          url="starting_and_stopping_shorewall.htm">these
          instructions</ulink>.</para>
        </listitem>
      </orderedlist>

      <para>Beginning with shorewall 4.4.20.1, the installer also supports a
      <option>-a</option> (annotated) option. Beginning with that release, the
      standard configuration files (including samples) may be annotated with
      the contents of the associated manpage. The <option>-a</option> option
      enables that behavior. The default remains that the configuration files
      do not include documentation.</para>

      <section>
        <title>Executables in /usr and Perl Modules</title>

        <para>Distributions have different philosophies about the proper file
        hierarchy. Two issures are particularly contentious:</para>

        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>Executable files in
            <filename>/usr/share/shorewall*</filename>. These include;</para>

            <itemizedlist>
              <listitem>
                <para>getparams</para>
              </listitem>

              <listitem>
                <para>compiler.pl</para>
              </listitem>

              <listitem>
                <para>wait4ifup</para>
              </listitem>

              <listitem>
                <para>shorecap</para>
              </listitem>

              <listitem>
                <para>ifupdown</para>
              </listitem>
            </itemizedlist>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para>Perl Modules in
            <filename>/usr/share/shorewall/Shorewall</filename>.</para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>

        <para>To allow distributions to designate alternate locations for
        these files, the installers (install.sh) from 4.4.19 onward support
        the following environmental variables:</para>

        <variablelist>
          <varlistentry>
            <term>LIBEXEC</term>

            <listitem>
              <para>Determines where in /usr getparams, compiler.pl,
              wait4ifup, shorecap and ifupdown are installed. Shorewall and
              Shorewall6 must be installed with the same value of LIBEXEC. The
              listed executables are installed in
              <filename>/usr/${LIBEXEC}/shorewall*</filename>. The default
              value of LIBEXEC is 'share'. LIBEXEC is recognized by all
              installers and uninstallers.</para>

              <para>Beginning with Shorewall 4.4.20, you can specify an
              absolute path name for LIBEXEC, in which case the listed
              executables will be installed in ${LIBEXEC}/shorewall*.</para>

              <para>Beginning with Shorewall 4.5.1, you must specify an
              absolute pathname for LIBEXEC.</para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>PERLLIB</term>

            <listitem>
              <para>Determines where in <filename>/usr </filename>the
              Shorewall Perl modules are installed. Shorewall and Shorewall6
              must be installed with the same value of PERLLIB. The modules
              are installed in <filename>/usr/${PERLLIB}/Shorewall</filename>.
              The default value of PERLLIB is 'share/shorewall'. PERLLIB is
              only recognized by the Shorewall and Shorewall6
              installers.</para>

              <para>Beginning with Shorewall 4.4.20, you can specify an
              absolute path name for PERLLIB, in which case the Shorewall Perl
              modules will be installed in ${PERLLIB}/Shorewall/.</para>

              <para>Beginning with Shorewall 4.5.1, you must specify an
              absolute pathname for PERLLIB.</para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>MANDIR</term>

            <listitem>
              <para>Determines where the man pages are installed. Default is
              distribution-dependent as shown below.</para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>
        </variablelist>
      </section>

      <section id="Locations">
        <title>Default Install Locations</title>

        <para>The default install locations are distribution dependent as
        shown in the following sections. These are the locations that are
        chosen by the install.sh scripts.</para>

        <section>
          <title>All Distributions</title>

          <informaltable>
            <tgroup cols="2">
              <tbody>
                <row>
                  <entry><emphasis role="bold">COMPONENT</emphasis></entry>

                  <entry><emphasis role="bold">LOCATION</emphasis></entry>
                </row>

                <row>
                  <entry>man pages</entry>

                  <entry>/usr/share/man/ (may ve overridden using
                  MANDIR)</entry>
                </row>

                <row>
                  <entry>Shorewall Perl Modules</entry>

                  <entry>/usr/share/shorewall/ (may be overridden using
                  PERLLIB)</entry>
                </row>

                <row>
                  <entry>Executable helper scripts (compiler.pl, getparams,
                  wait4ifup)</entry>

                  <entry>/usr/share/shorewall/ (may be overridden using
                  LIBEXEC)</entry>
                </row>

                <row>
                  <entry>ifupdown.sh (from Shorewall-init)</entry>

                  <entry>/usr/share/shorewall-init/ (may be overridden using
                  LIBEXEC)</entry>
                </row>
              </tbody>
            </tgroup>
          </informaltable>
        </section>

        <section>
          <title>Debian</title>

          <informaltable>
            <tgroup cols="2">
              <tbody>
                <row>
                  <entry><emphasis role="bold">COMPONENT</emphasis></entry>

                  <entry><emphasis role="bold">LOCATION</emphasis></entry>
                </row>

                <row>
                  <entry>CLI programs</entry>

                  <entry>/sbin/<replaceable>product</replaceable></entry>
                </row>

                <row>
                  <entry>Distribution-specific configuration file</entry>

                  <entry>/etc/default/<replaceable>product</replaceable></entry>
                </row>

                <row>
                  <entry>Init Scripts</entry>

                  <entry>/etc/init.d/<replaceable>product</replaceable></entry>
                </row>

                <row>
                  <entry>ifupdown scripts from Shorewall-init</entry>

                  <entry>/etc/network/if-up.d/shorewall,
                  /etc/network/if-post-down.d/shorewall</entry>
                </row>

                <row>
                  <entry>ppp ifupdown scripts from Shorewall-init</entry>

                  <entry>/etc/ppp/ip-up.d/shorewall,
                  /etc/ppp/ip-down.d/shorewall /etc/ppp/ipv6-up.d/shorewall
                  /etc/ppp/ipv6-down.d/shorewall</entry>
                </row>
              </tbody>
            </tgroup>
          </informaltable>
        </section>

        <section>
          <title>Redhat and Derivatives</title>

          <informaltable>
            <tgroup cols="2">
              <tbody>
                <row>
                  <entry><emphasis role="bold">COMPONENT</emphasis></entry>

                  <entry><emphasis role="bold">LOCATION</emphasis></entry>
                </row>

                <row>
                  <entry>CLI programs</entry>

                  <entry>/sbin/<replaceable>product</replaceable></entry>
                </row>

                <row>
                  <entry>Distribution-specific configuration file</entry>

                  <entry>/etc/sysconfig/<replaceable>product</replaceable></entry>
                </row>

                <row>
                  <entry>Init Scripts</entry>

                  <entry>/etc/rc.d/init.d/<replaceable>product</replaceable></entry>
                </row>

                <row>
                  <entry>ifupdown scripts from Shorewall-init</entry>

                  <entry>/sbin/ifup-local, /sbin/ifdown-local</entry>
                </row>

                <row>
                  <entry>ppp ifupdown scripts from Shorewall-init</entry>

                  <entry>/etc/ppp/ip-up.local, /etc/ppp/ip-down.local</entry>
                </row>
              </tbody>
            </tgroup>
          </informaltable>
        </section>

        <section>
          <title>SuSE</title>

          <informaltable>
            <tgroup cols="2">
              <tbody>
                <row>
                  <entry><emphasis role="bold">COMPONENT</emphasis></entry>

                  <entry><emphasis role="bold">LOCATION</emphasis></entry>
                </row>

                <row>
                  <entry>CLI programs</entry>

                  <entry>/sbin/<replaceable>product</replaceable></entry>
                </row>

                <row>
                  <entry>Distribution-specific configuration file</entry>

                  <entry>/etc/sysconfig/<replaceable>product</replaceable></entry>
                </row>

                <row>
                  <entry>Init Scripts</entry>

                  <entry>/etc/init.d/<replaceable>product</replaceable></entry>
                </row>

                <row>
                  <entry>ifupdown scripts from Shorewall-init</entry>

                  <entry>/etc/sysconfig/network/if-up.d/shorewall,
                  /etc/sysconfig/network/if-down.d/shorewall</entry>
                </row>

                <row>
                  <entry>ppp ifupdown scripts from Shorewall-init</entry>

                  <entry>/etc/ppp/ip-up.d/shorewall,
                  /etc/ppp/ip-down.d/shorewall /etc/ppp/ipv6-up.d/shorewall
                  /etc/ppp/ipv6-down.d/shorewall</entry>
                </row>
              </tbody>
            </tgroup>
          </informaltable>
        </section>

        <section>
          <title>Cygwin</title>

          <informaltable>
            <tgroup cols="2">
              <tbody>
                <row>
                  <entry><emphasis role="bold">COMPONENT</emphasis></entry>

                  <entry><emphasis role="bold">LOCATION</emphasis></entry>
                </row>

                <row>
                  <entry>CLI programs</entry>

                  <entry>/bin/<replaceable>product</replaceable></entry>
                </row>

                <row>
                  <entry>Distribution-specific configuration file</entry>

                  <entry>N/A</entry>
                </row>

                <row>
                  <entry>Init Scripts</entry>

                  <entry>N/A</entry>
                </row>

                <row>
                  <entry>ifupdown scripts from Shorewall-init</entry>

                  <entry>N/A</entry>
                </row>

                <row>
                  <entry>ppp ifupdown scripts from Shorewall-init</entry>

                  <entry>N/A</entry>
                </row>
              </tbody>
            </tgroup>
          </informaltable>
        </section>

        <section>
          <title>OS X</title>

          <informaltable>
            <tgroup cols="2">
              <tbody>
                <row>
                  <entry><emphasis role="bold">COMPONENT</emphasis></entry>

                  <entry><emphasis role="bold">LOCATION</emphasis></entry>
                </row>

                <row>
                  <entry>CLI programs</entry>

                  <entry>/sbin/<replaceable>product</replaceable></entry>
                </row>

                <row>
                  <entry>Distribution-specific configuration file</entry>

                  <entry>N/A</entry>
                </row>

                <row>
                  <entry>Init Scripts</entry>

                  <entry>N/A</entry>
                </row>

                <row>
                  <entry>ifupdown scripts from Shorewall-init</entry>

                  <entry>N/A</entry>
                </row>

                <row>
                  <entry>ppp ifupdown scripts from Shorewall-init</entry>

                  <entry>N/A</entry>
                </row>
              </tbody>
            </tgroup>
          </informaltable>
        </section>
      </section>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section id="Debian">
    <title>Install the .deb</title>

    <important>
      <para>Once you have installed the .deb packages and before you attempt
      to configure Shorewall, please heed the advice of Lorenzo Martignoni,
      former Shorewall Debian Maintainer:</para>

      <para><quote>For more information about Shorewall usage on Debian system
      please look at /usr/share/doc/shorewall-common/README.Debian provided by
      [the] shorewall Debian package.</quote></para>
    </important>

    <para>The easiest way to install Shorewall on Debian, is to use
    apt-get<command>.</command></para>

    <para>First, to ensure that you are installing the latest version of
    Shorewall, please modify your
    <filename>/etc/apt/preferences:</filename></para>

    <para><programlisting>Package: shorewall
Pin: release o=Debian,a=testing
Pin-Priority: 700

Package: shorewall-doc
Pin: release o=Debian,a=testing
Pin-Priority: 700</programlisting><emphasis role="bold"><emphasis>Then
    run:</emphasis></emphasis><programlisting># apt-get update
# apt-get install shorewall</programlisting></para>

    <para><emphasis><emphasis role="bold">Once you have completed configuring
    Shorewall, you can enable startup at boot time by setting startup=1 in
    <filename>/etc/default/shorewall</filename>.</emphasis></emphasis></para>
  </section>

  <section id="Upgrade">
    <title>General Notes about Upgrading Shorewall</title>

    <para>Most problems associated with upgrades come from two causes:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para>The user didn't read and follow the migration considerations in
        the release notes (these are also reproduced in the <ulink
        url="upgrade_issues.htm">Shorewall Upgrade Issues</ulink>).</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>The user mis-handled the
        <filename>/etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf</filename> file during
        upgrade. Shorewall is designed to allow the default behavior of the
        product to evolve over time. To make this possible, the design assumes
        that <emphasis role="bold">you will not replace your current
        shorewall.conf</emphasis> <emphasis role="bold">file during
        upgrades</emphasis>. It is recommended that after you first install
        Shorewall that you modify
        <filename>/etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf</filename> so as to prevent
        your package manager from overwriting it during subsequent upgrades
        (since the addition of STARTUP_ENABLED, such modification is assured
        since you must manually change the setting of that option). If you
        feel absolutely compelled to have the latest options in your
        shorewall.conf then you must proceed carefully. You should determine
        which new options have been added and you must reset their value (e.g.
        OPTION=""); otherwise, you will get different behavior from what you
        expect.</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>
  </section>

  <section id="Upgrade_RPM">
    <title>Upgrade using RPM</title>

    <para>If you already have the Shorewall RPM installed and are upgrading to
    a new version:</para>

    <orderedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para><emphasis role="bold">Be sure that you have the correct RPM
        package!</emphasis></para>

        <para>The standard RPM package from shorewall.net and the mirrors is
        known to work with <trademark>SUSE</trademark>, Power PPC, Trustix and
        TurboLinux. There is also an RPM package provided by Simon Matter that
        is tailored for RedHat/Fedora and another package from Jack Coates
        that is customized for Mandriva. If you try to upgrade using the wrong
        package, it probably won't work.<important>
            <para>Simon Matter names his '<emphasis>common</emphasis>' rpm
            '<emphasis>shorewall</emphasis>' rather than
            '<emphasis>shorewall-common</emphasis>'.</para>
          </important></para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>If you are upgrading from a 2.x or 3.x version to a 4.x version
        or later, please see the <ulink url="upgrade_issues.htm">upgrade
        issues</ulink> for specific instructions.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>Upgrade the RPM</para>

        <programlisting><command>rpm -Uvh &lt;shorewall rpm file&gt; </command></programlisting>

        <note>
          <para>Shorewall is dependent on the iproute package. Unfortunately,
          some distributions call this package iproute2 which will cause the
          upgrade of Shorewall to fail with the diagnostic:</para>

          <programlisting>error: failed dependencies:iproute is needed by shorewall-3.2.1-1</programlisting>

          <para>This may be worked around by using the --nodeps option of
          rpm.</para>

          <programlisting><command>rpm -Uvh --nodeps &lt;shorewall rpm&gt; ...</command></programlisting>
        </note>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>See if there are any incompatibilities between your
        configuration and the new Shorewall version and correct as
        necessary.</para>

        <programlisting><command>shorewall check</command></programlisting>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>Restart the firewall.</para>

        <programlisting><command>shorewall restart</command></programlisting>
      </listitem>
    </orderedlist>
  </section>

  <section id="Upgrade_Tarball">
    <title>Upgrade using tarball</title>

    <para><important>
        <para>If you are upgrading from a 2.x or 3.x version to a 4.x version
        or later, please see the <ulink url="upgrade_issues.htm">upgrade
        issues</ulink> for specific instructions.</para>
      </important></para>

    <para>If you are upgrading to version 4.5.0 or later, you must first
    install or upgrade the Shorewall-core package:</para>

    <orderedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para>unpack the tarballs:<programlisting><command>tar -jxf shorewall-core-4.5.0.tar.bz2</command></programlisting></para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>cd to the shorewall directory (the version is encoded in the
        directory name as in <quote>shorewall-core-4.5.0</quote>).</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>Type:</para>

        <programlisting><command>./install.sh </command></programlisting>
      </listitem>
    </orderedlist>

    <para>If you already have Shorewall installed and are upgrading to a new
    version using the tarball:</para>

    <orderedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para>unpack the tarball:<programlisting><command>tar -jxf shorewall-4.5.0.tar.bz2</command></programlisting></para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>cd to the shorewall-perl directory (the version is encoded in
        the directory name as in <quote>shorewall-4.5.0</quote>).</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>Type:</para>

        <programlisting><command>./install.sh</command></programlisting>

        <para>or if you are installing Shorewall or Shorewall6 version 4.4.8
        or later, you may type:</para>

        <programlisting><command>./install.sh -s</command></programlisting>

        <para>The <emphasis role="bold">-s</emphasis> option supresses
        installation of all files in <filename
        class="directory">/etc/shorewall</filename> except
        <filename>shorewall.conf</filename>. You can copy any other files you
        need from one of the <ulink url="GettingStarted.html">Samples</ulink>
        or from <filename
        class="directory">/usr/share/shorewall/configfiles/</filename>.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>See if there are any incompatibilities between your
        configuration and the new Shorewall version and correct as
        necessary.</para>

        <programlisting><command>shorewall check</command></programlisting>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>Start the firewall by typing</para>

        <programlisting><command>shorewall start</command></programlisting>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>If the install script was unable to configure Shorewall to be
        started automatically at boot, see <ulink
        url="starting_and_stopping_shorewall.htm">these
        instructions</ulink>.</para>
      </listitem>
    </orderedlist>
  </section>

  <section id="Upgrade_Deb">
    <title>Upgrading the .deb</title>

    <warning>
      <para>When the installer asks if you want to replace
      /etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf with the new version, we strongly advise
      you to say No. See <link linkend="Upgrade">above</link>.</para>
    </warning>
  </section>

  <section id="Config_Files">
    <title>Configuring Shorewall</title>

    <para>You will need to edit some or all of the configuration files to
    match your setup. In most cases, the <ulink
    url="shorewall_quickstart_guide.htm">Shorewall QuickStart Guides</ulink>
    contain all of the information you need.</para>
  </section>

  <section id="Uninstall">
    <title>Uninstall/Fallback</title>

    <para>See <quote><ulink url="fallback.htm">Fallback and
    Uninstall</ulink></quote>.</para>
  </section>
</article>